NEW 

UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER, 


OR 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY, 


CONTAINING 


A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  VARIOUS  COUNTRIES,  PROVINCES,  CITIES,  TOWNS,  SEAS, 
LAKES,  RIVERS,  MOUNTAINS,  CAPES,  &c/  • 


KJVOTTJV  WORLD. 


I 


APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE    MONIES,  WEIGHTS,  AND  MEASURES   OF  VARIOUS  COUNTRIES,  WITH 
TABLES  ILLUSTRATING  THE  POPULATION,  COMMERCE,  AND  RESOURCES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


ACCOMPANIED  WITH  AN  ATLAS. 


BY  JEDIDIAH  MORSE,  D.  D.  A.A.  S.  S.  H.S.    ^ 

AND 

RICHARD  C.  MORSE,  A.  M. 


THIRD  EDITION,  REVISED  AND  CORRECTED. 


PUBLISHED  BY 

SHERMAN  CONVERSE  OF  NEW-HAVEN, 

AND 

SILAS  ANDRUS  OF  HARTFORD. 


S.  CONVERSE,  PRINTER. 


DISTRICT  OF  CONNECTICUT,  «. 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  That  on  the  eighth  day  of  August,  in  the  forty-sixth 
year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America,  JedidiAh  Morse,  and 
Richard  C.  Morse,  of  the  said  District,  have  deposited  in  this  office  the  title  of  a 
Book,  the  right  whereof  they  claim  as  Authors  and  Proprietors,  in  the  words  follow- 
ing, to  wit :  "  A  New  Universal  Gazetteer,  or  Geographical  Dictionary,  containing  a  description  of 
the  various  countries,  provinces,  cities,  towns,  seas,  lakes,  rivers,  mountains,  capes,  &c.  in  the  known 
world.  With  an  Appendix,  containing  an  account  of  the  monies,  weights,  and  measures  of  various 
countries,  with  tables  illustrating  the  population,  commerce,  and  resources  of  the  United  States.  Ac- 
companied with  an  Atlas.  By  Jedidiah  Morse,  D.  D.  A.  A.  S.  S.  H.  S.  and  Richard  C.  Morse,  A.  M 
Third  edition,  revised  and  corrected."  In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  entitled,  "  An  act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the  copies  of  Maps,  Charts, 
and  Books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned.' ' 

CHARLES  A.  INGERSOLL,  Clerk  of  the  District  of  Connecticut. 
A  true  copy  of  Record,  examined  and  sealed  by  me, 

CHARLES  A.  INGERSOLL,  Clerk  of  the  District  of  Connecticut. 


PREFACE. 


THE  preceding  editions  of  this  Gazetteer  were  published  in  two 
volumes,  one  relating  to  the  Western  and  the  other  to  the  Eastern 
Continent.  The  former  was  edited  exclusively  by  the  senior  author 
of  the  present  edition ;  the  latter,  in  connection  with  his  friend  the 
Rev.  Elijah  Parish,  D.  D.  In  the  present  edition  it  has  been  deem- 
ed expedient  to  comprise  both  continents  under  one  alphabet,  and  for 
the  sake  of  more  convenient  reference,  to  publish  the  whole  in  a  sin- 
gle volume.  Instead  of  the  assistance  of  his  worthy  friend,  the  au- 
thor has  availed  himself  of  the  labors  of  his  son,  whose  name  is  as- 
sociated with  his  own  upon  the  title-page ;  and  it  is  proper  also  to  add 
in  this  connection,  that  most  of  the  tables  in  the  Appendix,  and  the 
principal  articles  relating  to  the  United  States,  were  prepared  by  Sid- 
ney E.  Morse,  A.  M. 

The  basis  of  the  present  volume,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  Eastern 
Continent,  is  the  New  Edinburgh  Gazetteer,  now  nearly  completed 
in  six  volumes,  and  "  executed  by  six  different  authors  of  literary 
eminence,  each  taking  a  separate  department."  This  work  is  an  am- 
ple digest  of  the  most  valuable  geographical  materials  recently  pub- 
lished in  Great  Britain,  and  appears  generally  to  have  faithfully  no- 
ticed all  the  modern  changes ;  a  point  of  the  more  importance,  since 
the  common  Gazetteers  published  in  England  still  continue  the  inser- 
tion of  obsolete  divisions,  and  even  describe  the  most  noted  kingdoms 
with  boundaries  which  have  long  since  ceased  to  exist.  Besides  the 
information  derived  from  the  Edinburgh  Gazetteer,  the  articles  of  the 
Eastern  Continent  have  been  improved  from  a  variety  of  sources. 
Tlie  geography  of  the  German  States,  particularly,  hitherto  regarded 
as  peculiarly  complicated,  has  been  made  much  more  accurate  by  the 
use  of  Kramer's  Lchrbuch  der  Geographic  dcr  Staaten  des  deutschen 
Bundes. 

In  regard  to  our  own  country,  the  principal  dependence  in  respect 
to  what  may  be  called  permanent  geography,  has  been  on  the  various 
geographical  works  of  the  senior  author ;  the  information  in  which 
has  been  gradually  collected  during  a  space  of  more  than  thirty 
years,  partly  by  correspondence  with  gentlemen  of  the  first  intelli- 
gence in  the  various  States,  and  partly  by  consultation  of  standard 
works  as  they  have  appeared  from  time  to  time.  Much  information 
has  also  been  recently  collected  by  correspondence,  and  extensive 
personal  travels.     The  valuable  works  which  have  lately  been  pub- 


PREFACE. 


lished  on  various  parts  of  the  country,  have  been  systematically,  and 
it  is  believed  faithfully  digested.  A  catalogue  of  the  publications  to 
which  we  are  principally  indebted,  is  annexed  to  this  preface. 

Particular  attention  has  been  given  to  the  accounts  of  Missionary 
Stations.  The  principal  authorities  in  this  department  of  the  work 
are  the  London  Missionary  Register,  the  Missionary  Herald  publish- 
ed in  Boston,  and  the  Reports  of  the  several  Missionary  Societies. 
The  first  table  in  the  Appendix  contains  a  summary  result  of  the  re- 
searches of  the  senior  author  in  relation  to  the  number  and  position 
of  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  this  country ;  but  a  more  particular 
account  is  reserved  for  publication  in  another  form.  In  the  tables  on 
the  Commerce  and  Resources  of  the  United  States,  much  assistance 
was  derived  from  Pitkin's  Statistical  View  of  the  Commerce  of  the 
United  States,  and  Seybert's  Statistical  Annals ;  but  the  statements 
are  generally  exhibited  in  a  new  form,  and  are  frequently  the  result 
of  laborious  calculations :  many  of  them  also  are  brought  down  to 
the  present  time  from  other  sources. 

Abbreviations,  though  long  since  abandoned  in  Great  Britain,  are 
still  used  by  German  Geographers,  and  have  been  adopted  by  us. 
When  not  carried  to  excess,  they  are  attended  with  obvious  advanta- 
ges. In  the  present  volume  they  are  used  only  in  words  of  frequent 
occurrence,  and  the  explanation  is  generally  obvious. 

In  a  work  of  this  general  nature  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  error. 
No  man  can  describe  the  whole  world,  or  even  the  whole  of  an  ex- 
tensive country  from  personal  observation.  He  must  of  necessity  rely 
on  others,  who  will  often  lead  him  astray.  All  that  can  reasonably  be 
demanded  of  the  General  Geographer  is  a  diligent  collection  and 
faithful  use  of  the  best  materials.  To  accomplish  this  we  have  spared 
neither  industry  nor  expense,  yet  none  can  be  more  sensible  than  we 
ourselves  that  many  articles  will  be  found  defective,  and  many  state- 
ments erroneous.  We  shall  be  much  obliged  by  any  communications 
which  will  enable  us  to  improve  a  future  edition.  To  the  Heads  of 
the  different  departments  of  the  General  Government,  and  to  all  the 
gentlemen  who  have  obligingly  furnished  us  with  documents  or 
manuscripts,  for  the  improvement  of  the  present  edition,  we  tender 
our  grateful  acknowledgments.  The  public  patronage  abundantly 
experiencer]  in  times  past,  and  recently  manifested  in  a  very  liberal 
subscription  for  the  present  volume,  will  stimulate  to  increased  efforts 
to  reader  future  editions  more  worthy  of  approbation. 

New-Haven,  August  8th,  1821. 


A 

CATALOGUE 

OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  WORKS  CONSULTED  IN  COMPILING  THIS  GAZETTEER. 


Americana  Archaeologia,  or  Transactions  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 

1st  vol.  8  vo.  Worcester,  1820. 
American  Medical  and  Philosophical  Register,  4  vols.  8  vo.  New-York,  1814. 
American  Missionary  Register,  New-York. 
Blodget's  Statistical  Manual  for  the  United  States,  1810. 
Blum's  Picture  of  New-York,  1817. 

Bouchette's  Topographical  Account  of  Canada,  and  maps,  8  vo.  London,  1815. 
Bourne's  map  of  Ohio,  1820. 
Brackenridge's  Views  of  Louisiana,  8  vo.  1814. 
Carrigan's  map  of  New-Hampshire,  1818. 
Cincinnati  Directory,  12  mo.  1819. 

Connecticut  and  Rhode-Island  Gazetteer,  by  Pease  &c  Niles,  8  vo.  1819. 
Connecticut,  map  of,  by  Warren  &  Gillett,  1821. 
Darby's  Tour  from  New-York  to  Detroit,  8  vo.  1819. 
Dearborn's  Memoir  of  the  Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  Black  Sea,  2  vols. 

8  vo.  Boston,  1819. 
Drake's  Picture  of  Cincinnati,  12  mo.  1815. 
Dwight's  Statistical  Account  of  New-Haven,  1811. 
Eddy's  map  of  New-York,  1818. 
Emigrant's  Guide  to  the  Western  and  South- Western  States,  by  William  Darby, 

8  vo.  1818. 
Emigrant's  Directory,  or  Western  Gazetteer,  by  Samuel  R.  Brown,  8  vo.  1817. 
Field's  Statistical  Account  of  the  county  of  Middlesex  in  Connecticut,  1819. 
Forbes'  Sketches  of  Florida,  8  vo.  1821. 
Greenleaf's  Statistical  View  of  Maine,  8  vo.  1816. 
Harmon's  Journal  of  Travels  in  the  interior  of  N.  America,  8  vo.  1820.' 
Hassel's  Statistische  Uebersichts-Tabellen,  foHo,  Gottingen,  1809. 
Kramer's  Geographic  der  Staaten  des  deutschen  Bundes,  8  vo.  Bremen,  1818. 
Lewis  and  Clark's  Expedition  to  the  sources  of  the  Missouri  and  to  the  Pacific 

Ocean,  2  vols.  8  vo.  1814. 
London  Missionary  Register. 
Melish's  maps. 
Missionary  Herald. 

M'Murtrie's  Sketches  of  Louisville,  8  vo.  1819. 
Morris'  Statistical  Account  of  Litchfield  county.  Conn.  1815. 
National  Calendar  for  1820,  and  1821,  12  mo.  Washington  City. 
National  Intelligencer,  for  9  years,  (1812—1821.) 
New-Hampshire  Gazetteer,  by  E.  h  P.  Merrill,  8  vo.  1817. 
New-York  Gazetteer,  by  H.  G.  SpafFord,  8  vo.  1813. 
North  American  Review,  Boston. 

Ohio  Gazetteer,  by  John  Kilbourn,  A.  M.  12  mo.  1819. 

Pike's  Expeditions  to  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  Arkansaw,  &;c.  8  vo.  1810. 
Pitkin's  Statistical  View  of  the  Commerce  of  the  United  States,  2d  edition,  8 

vo.  Hartford,  1817. 


e  CATALOGUE,  &c. 

Quarterly  Review,  London. 

Ree's  Cyclopedia,  American  edition. 

Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  Roads  and  Canals,  1808. 

Schoolcraft's  View  of  the  Lead  mines  of  Missouri,  8  vo.  1819. 

Schoolcraft's  Narrative  of  the  Expedition  to  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  8  vo. 

1821. 
Scoresby's  Account  of  the  Arctic  Regions,  2  vols.  8  vo. 
Seybert's  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United  States,  4  to.  Philadelphia,  1318. 
Shaw's  description  of  Boston,  12  mo.  1817. 

Silliman's  Tour  from  Hartford  to  Quebec,  12  mo.  New-Haven,  1820. 
Silliman's  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  New-Haven. 
Smith's  View  of  Upper  Canada,  12  mo.  1813. 
Stoddard's  Sketches  of  Louisiana,  8  vo.  1812. 
Sturges'  map  of  Georgia,  1818. 

Thomas's  Travels  in  the  Western  country,  12  mo.  1819. 
Van  Zandt's  description  of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  8  vo.  1818. 
Whipple's  Geographical  and  Statistical  View  of  Maine,  1816. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  ABBREVIATIONS. 


an. 

ancient. 

A.  Turkey. 

Asiatic  Turkey. 

cap. 

capital. 

CO. 

county. 

Conn,  or  Ct. 

Connecticut. 

dep. 

department. 

Eng.         -         - 

England. 

Eu.  Turkey. 

European  Turkey. 

Hind.     - 

Hindoostan. 

isl.     - 

island. 

Ken. 

Kentucky. 

m.     -        -        - 

miles. 

Mass.     - 

Massachusetts. 

Md.    - 

Maryland. 

N.  H.     -        - 

New-Hampshire. 

N.  C.         -        - 

North  Carolina. 

N.J. 

New-Jersey. 

N.Y.      - 

New-York. 

Pa.     - 

-    Pennsylvania. 

p-t. 

post  town. 

Pop. 

-    post  village. 

Population. 

r.         -         - 

-    river. 

R.  I. 

Rhode-Island. 

S.C.    - 

South  Carolina 

Switz. 

-     Switzerland. 

s-p. 

seaport. 

Ten.         - 

Tennessee. 

t. 

-   town. 

Va. 

Virginia. 

U.  States. 

United  States. 

Vt. 

Vermont. 

Note. — In  all  places  in  the  United  States,  when  the  population  is  expressed  without  date,  it  is  ae- 
derstood  to  be  according;  to  the  census  of  1810. 


NEW  UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER, 


OR 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY. 


A  A  L 


jCi-A,  r.  Switzerland,  runs  into  lake  Lucerne ;  an- 
other of  this  name  falls  into  the  lake  of  Waldstad- 
ten ;  and  another  into  the  Aar,  3  m.  S.  W.  of 
Bru-g. 

Aa,  r.  France,  rises  near  Rumilly,  dep.  of  the 
Pas  de  Calais,  becomes  navigable  at  St.  Omer,  af- 
ter which  it  divides  into  three  branches,  and  falls 
into  the  sea  below  Gravelines. 

Aa,  r.  in  the  Dutch  province  of  Overyssel,  falls 
into  the  lake  of  Giter,  the  issue  of  which  is  into 
tlie  Zuyder  Zee,  near  Blockzyl. 

Aa,  or  Aade,  r.  in  Dutch  Brabant,  runs  into  the 
Dommel,  below  Bois  le  Due. 

Aa,  r.  Saxony,  falls  into  the  lake  of  Blanken; 
There  are  two  rivers  of  this  name  in  Holland,  which 
empty  into  the  Vetch,  and  the  old  Yssel  rivers. 

Aa,  r.  in  Semigallia,  Courland,  runs  into  the 
gulph  of  Riga. 

Aabenrade.     See  Apenrade. 

Aach,  t.  Suabia,  32  m.  N.  W.  of  Constance. 

Aachen.     See  Aix  la  Chapelle. 

Aachen.     See  Slockach. 

Aadeneh,  v.  Syria,  32  m.  N.  of  Aleppo. 

Aag-Holm,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norway. 

Aahaus,  or  Ahus,  in  the  bishopric  of  Munster, 
a  rich  bailiwick,  comprising  four  towns  and  twenty 
parishes,  and  yielding  a  revenue  of  above  16,000 
florins,  or  1500/.  sterling. 

Aahaus,  t.  32  m.  N.  W.  of  Munster.  Pop.  1,600. 

Aakiar,  v.  Denmark,  bp.  Aarhuus,  Jutland. 

Aakirke,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  isl.  of  Bornholm. 

Aaland.     bee  Aland. 

Aalborg,  one  of  the  four  bishoprics  of  N.  Jut- 
land, in  the  N.  part  of  the  peninsula.  Pop.  about 
90,000. 

Aalborg,  the  capital  of  the  above,  is  a  large 
and  populous  town,  and,  after  Copenhagen  and 
Odensee,  the  most  opulent  in  Denmark.  It 
carries  on  a  good  trade  in  corn  and  excellent  her- 
rings.   The  harbor  is  deep  and  safi.',  though  at 


AAR 

one  place  rather  difficult  of  entrance.  30  m.  N.  of 
Wiborg.     Lat.  57°  3'  N. 

Aalburgh,  a  large  v.  Holland,  near  the  Mease. 

Aalsmer,  v.  Holland.     Pop.  1 ,800. 

Aalten,  t.  Dutch  Guelderland,  on  the  frontier  of 
Munster.    Pop.  3,520. 

Aamara,  a  seaport  of  Barca,  Africa,  60  m.  S.  E. 
of  Tabarca. 

Aanstooi,  v.  Holland,  in  Guelderland. 

Aar,  or  Aren,  r.  in  Switzerland,  falls  into  the 
Rhine  near  Coblentz,  in  the  canton  of  Aargau. 

Aara,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  25  m.  S.  W.  Madian. 

Aaraban,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on 
the  river  Khabur,  18  m.  S.  E.  of  Ras-ain,  53  E. 
N.  E.ofRacca.    Lat.  36°  21' N.    Lon.40°E. 

Aarau.     See  Arau. 

Aarberg,  t.  Switzerland,  9  m.  fr.  Berne. 

Aarburg,  t.  on  the  Aar,  Switzerland,  has  a  castle. 

Aardelsfiord,  gulf,  on  the  coast  of  Norway. 

Aardenburg,  t.  Holland,  11  m.  N.  E.  of  Bruges. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Aaret,  t.  Norway,  8  m.  S.  of  Stavanger. 

Aargau,  Argow,  Argovia,  a  Swiss  canton.  It 
has  the  cantons  of  Zug  and  Zurich  on  the  E.  the 
Rhine  on  the  N.  the  cantons  of  Basil  and  Solothurn 
on  the  W.  with  those  of  Berne,  Lucerne,  and  part 
of  Zug  on  the  S.  Extent,  650  sq.  m.  Pop.  132,763. 

Aarhuus,  one  of  the  four  bishoprics  of  N.  Jut- 
land, extending  from  the  Categat  to  the  bp.  of  Wi- 
borg.    Pop.  about  140,000. 

Aarhuus,  capital  of  the  above  bp.  lies  on  a 
pleasant  level  between  the  sea  and  an  inland  lake, 
connected  by  a  canal  dividing  the  town  into  two 
equal  parts.  It  enjoys  a  good  trade  with  Livonia, 
Sweden,  Norway,  Holland,  England,  France,  and 
Spain.  The  chief  article  of  export  is  corn.  48 
m.  S.ofAalborg.   Lon.  10°13'E.  Lat.  56°  10' N. 

Aarl  an  der  Veen,  v.  in  N.  Holland,  2-050  inhab. 

Aarle,  lordship,  Brabant.  The  village  of  the 
same  name  has,  with  the  neighbouring  one  of  Rix- 
el,  1,015  inhab.  and  h  ne&r  He]mont  oh  tha  Aiw 


10 


ABA 


Aaroe.    See  Anoe. 

Aaron,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Mayenne.  It  hay  ex- 
tensive iron  works. 

Aaronsbiirg,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa.  15  m.  E.  Belle- 
font,  40  W.  by  N.  fr.  Sunbury. 

Aaron's  IslanJ,  or  Si.  Aaron,  an  isl.  on  llie  N. 
W.  coast  of  France,  on  which  St.  Malo  is  built. 

Aarwangen,  v.  Switz.  canton  of  Benie,  12  m. 
E.  of  Solothurn. 

Aarweiler.     See  Ahrweilcr. 

Aas,  fort,  Norway,  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Chris- 
tiansand. 

Aatas,  t.  Turkestan,  65  m.  S.  E.  Y\.ndeg:an. 

Aazy,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Aisne,  with  good 
iron  works,  5  m.  S.  W.  of  Chateau-Thierry. 

Aba,  t.  Japan,  in  the  isl.  of  Ximo,  6  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Nangasaky. 

Aba,  mountain  of  Armenia,  whence  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Araxes  have  their  source. 

A  bach,  borough  in  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  9 
m.  from  Ratisbon. 

Abaco.    See  Providence,  JVeiv. 

Abacooche.     See  Coosa. 

Abacu,  a  point  of  land  on  the  S.  coast  of  St.  Do- 
mingo.   Lon.  26°  44'  W.     Lat.  32°  50'  N. 

Abacuna,  r.  S.  America,  which  joins  the  Ori- 
noco near  the  fall  of  Atures. 

Abadan,  t.  of  the  pachalic  of  Bagdad,  near  the 
Persian  Gulf.     40  m.  S.  E.  of  Ba^sora. 

Abode,  V.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile.  On  the  same  site 
■was  built,  in  a  superior  taste,  the  ancient  Greek 
city  of  Abydos.     80  m.  S.  Cairo. 

Abadeh,  a  walled  t.  Persia,  pro  v.  Fars.  Lat.  31° 
10'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Abafacem,  v.  Abyssinia,  30  m.  E.  of  Axum. 

Abafaja,  v.  Transylvania,  on  the  Marosch. 

Abtthai,  a  country  of  Chinese  Tartary.  Lat. 
44°  N.    Lon.  115°  E. 

Abahaner,  a  country  of  Chinese  Tartary,  in- 
habited by  the  Mongol  Tartars,  near  the  wall  of 
China, 

Abaite,  r.  Brazil,  prov.  of  Minas  Geraes,  runs 
E.  and  falls  into  the  Rio  I'rancisco.  The  largest 
diamond  ever  produced  in  Brazil,  was  found  in 
this  river. 

Abakan,  r.  Asia,  which  joins  the  Enesei  16  m. 
S.  of  Abakansk. 

Abakansk,  a  fortified  t.  of  Siberia,  on  the  Aba- 
kan, prov.  of  Kolhyvane.  340  m.  E.  of  Kolhy- 
vane.  Lat.  54°  0'  N.    Lon.  91°  14'  E.     Pop.  1,250. 

Abalak,  t.  Siberia,  16  m.  S.  of  Tobolsk. 

Aban,  t.  Persia,  65  m.  S.  of  Kernian. 

Aban,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Doubs,  3  leagues 
from  Besancou. 

Abana,  in  Sac.  Geog.  r.  of  Syria,  which  rises  in 
Mount  Lebanon,  and  passing  by  Damascus,  is  lost 
in  a  desert  to  the  south  of  that  city. 

Abancourt,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  5  m. 
N.  Cambray. 

Abariga,  t.  in  Wliidah,  Africa,  22  m.  W.  Sabi. 
Abano,  t.  Italy,  territoi'y  of  Padua,  noted  for  its 
hot  sulphureous  baths.     Pop.  3,000. 

Abaraner,  t.  Persian  Armenia,  25  m.  E.  Nac- 
sivan. 

Abarcal,  t  Portugal,  prov.  of  Beira,  15  m.  W. 
Lamego. 

Abarek,  v.  Kurdistan,  on  the  confines  of  the  des- 
ert. 48  m,  from  Nisibis. 

Ahnrim,  in  Sac.  Gcog.  mountains  of  Palestine, 
on  the  east  side  of  Jordan,  opposite  Jericho.  Pis- 
gah,  Nebo,  Peov,  &c.  were  partieubr  summits  in 
this  ridge. 


A  B  D 

Abarn.us,  a  city,  country,  and  promontory  of  Pa- 
riana,  near  the  Hellespont.  The  inhab.  are  poor 
and  treacherous,  and  sell  their  own  children.  E. 
lon.  39°  to  43°.    N.  lat.  43°  to  45°. 

Abari/,  r.  of  Guiana,  between  the  Berbice  and 
the  Demcrara. 

Abarzkaia,  t.  Russia,  gov.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the 
river  Ischim,  128  m.  S.  E.  of  Tobolsk, 

Abasa,  Abascia,  or  Abghas,  Great  and  Little,  a 
country  of  Asia,  bounded  N.  by  Circassia,  S.  by 
Mingrelia,  and  S.  W.  by  the  Black  sea.  The  in- 
habitants are  a  bold,  rebellious,  and  independent 
peoi)le,  subsisting  chiefly  by  hunting  and  plunder. 
Some  of  the  tribes  have  chiefs  of  their  own ;  oth- 
ers consider  themselves  vmder  the  protection  of 
Russia;  and  several  acknowledge  no  authority. 
Pop.  about  150,000. 
Abaski,  t.  Circassia,  40  m.  S.  E.  Kopiel. 
Aba-Ujvar,  a  palatinate  of  U.  Hungary,  bound- 
ed E.  and  S.  by  Semplin,  W.  by  Thorn  and  Bors- 
chod,  and  N.  by  Scharosch  and  Zyps.  The  coun- 
try is  rich  in  metals,  precious  stones,  wood,  and 
wine  like  Tokay.     Pop.  120,000. 

Abawi,  the  name  given  by  the  Abyssinians  t» 
the  great  river  which  passes  through  their  coun- 
try, and  which  they  consider,  erroneously,  as 
forming  the  principal  head  of  the  Nile.  The 
name  signifies  in  their  language,  "  The  Father  of 
Waters." 

Abb,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  63  m.  N.  E.  of  Mocha. 
Abba  del  Kuria,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  50  m. 
W.  S.  W.  of  the  isl.  of  Socotra. 

Abbas-abad,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  35  m,  W.  N.  \V. 
Gnerden. 

Abbas-abad,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderau,  5  m.  N. 
E.  Asbrcf. 

Abbejiort,  seaport,  Norway,  48  m.  S,  W.  Chris- 
tiania. 

Abbensen,  v.  Hanover,  5  m.  S.  W.  of  Buxte- 
hude. 

Abberlmry,  v.  England,  7  m.  N.  W.  Shrewsbury. 

Abbtrille,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Somme ;  celebra- 

ied  for  the  manufacture  of  fine  cloth.     9  leagues 

N.  W.  of  Amiens,  22  S.  of  Calais,  and  40  N.  W.  of 

Paris.     Pop.  18,000. 

Abbeville,  district.  S.  C.  on  Savannah  r.  Chief 
t.  Abbeville.  Pop.  21,156.     Slaves,  6,672. 

Abbeville,  p-t.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  118  m. 
W.  Columbia.  It  has  a  magazine,  arsenal,  and 
goal. 

Abbey-Feale,  v.  Ireland,  30  m.  fr.  Limerick. 
Abbey-Green,  v.  Scotland,  4  m.  fr.  Lanark. 
Abbeylei.T,  v.  Ireland,  48  m.  S.  W.  of  Dublin. 
Abbey-Milton,  v.  England,  7m.N.  W.  of  Bland- 
ford. 

Abbot-Ann,  t.  England,  2i  m.  from  Andover. 
Abbots-Bromley,  t.  England,  6  m.  E.  of  Stafford. 
Ahholsbury,  t.  England,  8  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Dor- 
chester. 

Abbotshall,  v.  Scotland,  Fife  shire,  on  N.  shore 
of  the  frith  of  Forth.  Abundance  of  coal  is 
found  here,  rising  to  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Pop.  2,879. 

Abbofs-Langlcy,  v.  England,  Hertford  co.  20 
m.  from  London.     Pop.  1,300. 

Abbotstown,  p-t,  Adams  co.  Pa.  41  m.  S.  W. 
Harrisburg. 

Abbruck,  isl.  Russia,  near  the  isl,  of  Oesel. 
Abcoude,  t.  Holland,  5  m.  S.  Amsterdam. 
Abda,  a  prov.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  fa- 
mous for  its  breed  of  horses.    Pop,  500,000, 


ABE 

Ahdama,  a  populous  village  of  Syria,  gov.  of 
Aleppo. 

Abd-el-asis,  v.  Persia,  between  Erbil  and  Mosul. 

Jlbdel-keditj  isl.  in  the  Nile,  near  Girge. 

Abdon,  isl.     Lat.  0°  30'  N.    Lon.  131°  15'  E. 

Abdulabad,  t,  Hindostan,  prov.  Oude,  5  m.  N. 
of  Mauicnpore. 

Abdvl-Azcem,  v.  Persia,  in  the  plain  of  Tehe- 
ran. 

Abdulgunge,  t  Hindostan,  prov.  of  Oude,  15  m. 
?f.  Chazypore. 

Abdulina,  t,  Asiatic  Russia,  60  m.  N.  E.  Oren- 
burg. 

Abdun,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Segistan. 

Abdura,  t.  Persia,  in  Segistan. 

Abea,  t.  35  ra.  E.  of  Senioaar,  in  Africa. 

Abeares,  t.  Arabia,  prov.  Hedjas,  80  m.  N.  of 
Saade. 

Abeile,  r.  Tartary,  branch  of  the  Jihon. 

Abelin,  a  castle  and  hamlet,  Palestine,  on  a  fine 
eminence,  8  m.  from  Acre. 

Abella,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  30  m.  N.  of  Ba- 
laguer.  ^ 

Abel-Misraim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  otherwise  called 
the  threshing-Jloor  of  Atad,  supposed  to  have  been 
somewhere  westward  of  Jordan  and  Jericho. 

Abel-Meholah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  Pales- 
tine, W.  of  the  Jordan,  pertaining  to  the  half 
tribe  of  Manasseh.  It  was  the  native  place  of 
Elisha  the  prophet,  and  near  it  Gideon  miracu- 
lously defeated  the  Midianites. 

Abel-Beth-Maachali,  or  Abel-Maim,  in  Sac. 
Geog.  a  etrong  city  N.  W.  of  Damascus,  in  the 
canton  of  Abilene. 

Abel-Shitiim,  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  plains  of 
Moab,  opposite  to  Jericho,  near  Jordan.  Here 
Moses  encamped  before  the  Israelites  passed  the 
Jordan  under  Joshua.  Here  also,  seduced  byBa- 
lak,  they  worshipped  Baal  Peor,  and  were  pun- 
ished by  the  instrumentality  of  the  Levites. 

Abenberg,  t.  Bavaria,  22  m.  N.  of  Eichstadt. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Abenheim,  v.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  4^ 
m.  N.  W.  of  Worms. 

Abenoja,  t.  Spain,  20  m.  S.  W.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Abenoja,  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  tlie  Gua- 
diana, 

Abenrade.     See  Apcnrade. 

Abensberg,  a  district  and  t,  in  Bavaria,  on  the 
river  Abens,  20  m.  E.  of  Ingolstadt.  Lon.  11^ 
52'  E.     Lat.  48°  46'  N. 

Aber,  v.  Wales,  Caernarvon  shire,  on  the  sea 
coast.     Pop.  534,  6  m.  from  Bangor. 

Aberavon,  t.  Wales,  at  the  mouth  of  the  r.  Avon. 

Aberbroihock,  or  Arbroath,  seaport  Scotland, 
Angus  Co.  Pop.  8,150.  58  m.  N.  E.  Edinburgh, 
12  S.  W.  Monti-ose. 

Aberconivay,  or  Conway,  seaport  Wales,  18  m. 
fr.  Denbigh,  23  fr.  Caernarvon.     Pop.  1,053. 

Abercorn,  v.  Scotland,  12  m.  W.  of  Edinburgii. 

Abercom,  t.  Georgia,  On  Savannali  r.  18  m.  N. 
W.  Savannah,  5  fr.  Ebenezer. 

Abercouk,  t.  Persia,  120  m,  N.  E.  of  Shiraz. 

Abercrombie,  t.  Effingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
36  m.  N.  W.  Montreal. 

Aberdalgy,  v.  Scotland,  4  m.  fr.  Perth. 

Aberdeen,  city,  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen  shire,  on 
the'r.  Don,  a  mile  from  the  sea.  It  is  called  Old 
Aberdeen,  in  contradistinction  to  the  town  of  that 
name  about  a  mile  distant,  from  which  it  is  quite 
separate,  both  in  civil  and  ecclesiastical  constitu- 
tion. An  university,  called  King's  College,  was 
founded  io  1 506.    It  has  professorships  of  diviaity, 


ABE 


11 


civil  law,  medicine,  humanity,  Greek,  moral  phi- 
losophy, natural  philosophy,  mathematics,  and 
Oriental  languages.  Belonging  to  tlie  university 
are  a  very  considerable  number  of  bursaries  or 
endowments  for  the  support  of  students ;  the  total 
number  of  whom  in  1816—1817,  was  187.  The 
library  contains  12,935  volumes  of  printed  works, 
and  sevei^l  curious  manuscripts.     Pop.  1,911. 

Aberdeen,  seaport  Scotland,  Aberdeen  Co.  and 
the  principal  city  of  Scotland  N.  of  the  river 
Forth.  A  fine  bridge,  of  a  single  arch,  of  132 
feet  span,  of  granite,  wjis  erected  recently  in  Un- 
ion-street, at  an  expence  of  10,000/.  There  are 
twenty-one  jilaces  for  divine  worship  in  tliis  city, 
for  d-itferent  denominations  of  Christians.  An  uni- 
versity, called  Marischal  College,  was  founded 
here  in  the  year  1593.  The  buildings,  which  oc- 
cupy a  considerable  area  towards  the  north-east 
part  of  the  city,  have  been  erected  at  different 
periods,  and  are  very  irregular.  An  observatory 
has  been  constructed  over  a  portion  of  them  late- 
ly, elevated  about  60  feet  above  tlie  court  below, 
and  commanding  a  spacious  view.  This  institu- 
tion has  a  good  library,  containing  about  10,000 
volumes.  The  two  universities.  King's  College 
and  Marischal  College,  are  quite  distijict  and  in- 
dependent of  each  other,  and  some  attempts  for 
their  union  under  one  system  have  proved  abor- 
tive. Marischal  College  was  attended  by  220 
students  during  the  winter  session  1816—1817,  be- 
sides 105  students  of  divinity,  alternately  attend- 
ing each  university.  Trade  and  manufactures 
are  actively  prosecuted  to  a  large  extent.  The 
latter  chiefly  consist  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cot- 
ton, in  all  their  different  stao^es.  The  principal 
exports  are  grain,  fish,  tliread,  hosiery,  cotton,  and 
linen  goods,  and  not  less  than  7000  tons  of  granite 
yearly,  for  paving  the  streets  of  London.  Pop. 
33,639.  108  m.  N.  of  Edinburg.  Lon.  2°  8'  W, 
Lat.  57°  9'  N. 

Aberdeen,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
the  German  ocean,  on  the  S.  by  Pertli,  Forfar,  and 
Kincardine. 

POPULATION. 

Families  33,718 

engaged  in  agriculture      13,637 

in  trade  and  man- 
ufactures 14,286 

engaged  otherwise  5,795 

Total  Individuals  135,075. 

Aberdour,  v.  Scotland,  Aberdeen  shire,  8  m. 
from  Frazerburgh. 

Aberdour,  v.  Scotland,  Fife  shire,  10  m.  N.  W. 
of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1,800. 

Aberfeldie,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Tay,  76  m.  N. 
W.  Edinburgh, 

Aberford,  t.  England,  8  m.  fr.  I^eeds. 

Aberfors,  t.  Russia,  gov.  of  Wiborg,  30  m.  W. 
of  Frederickshamm. 

Aberfayle,  v.  Scotland,  Perth  shire,  9  m.  E. 
Kippen. 

Aberfraw,  t.  in  the  isl.  of  Anglcsea,  20  m.  E.  S. 
E.  of  Holyhead.     Pop.  1,054. 

Abergavenny,  t.  England,  Monmouth  co.  17  m. 
fr.  Monmouth.     Pop.  2,815. 

Abergeley,  a  seaport  in  N.  Wales,  Denbigh 
CO.  12  m.  fr.  Aberconway.     Pop.  1,044. 

Abergement  le  Due,  t.  France,  8  leagues  S.  of 
Dijon.     Pop.  1,600. 

Abergement,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Ain. 

Abergement,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Doubs,  12 
leagues  S.  E.  of  Besan^on. 

Abergn-illy,  v.  S.  Wales,  2  m.  E.  CaermarthcD 


12 


A  B  I 


ABO 


Aberlady,  v.  Scotland,  Haddington  shire,  on  the 
S.  shore  oif  the  Foi-th,  16  m.  from  Edinburgh, 

Aberlemno,  v.  Scotland,  Ang;u  shire,  has  two 
singular  obelisks,  covered  with  rude  sculptures.  4 
m.  S.  of  Brechin. 

Abemethyy  t.  Scotland,  Perth  shire.  Here  is  a 
circular  pillar,  74  feet  high,  and  16  in  diameter; 
consisting  of  64  regular  courses  of  hewn  stone. 
7  m.  from  Perth.    Pop.  1,035. 

Abernethy,  v.  Scotland,  Elgin  shire,  30  m.  S.  E. 
of  Inverness.     Pop.  1,709. 

Abertamm,  t.  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Elubogen, 
1,130  houses. 

AberustwUhjV.Engldiad,  Monmouthshire.  Pop. 
1,626. 

Aberystwith,  seaport  S.  Wales,  Cardigan  shire, 
39  m.  N.  of  Cardigan.  Pop.  2,264.  Lat.  52°  17' 
N.     Lon.  4°  20'  W. 

Abestad.     See  Afrestad. 

Abex,  a  name  given  to  the  region  along  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Red  sea,  between  Abyssinia  and  E- 
gypt.  It  consists  chiefly  of  mountains  and  deserts, 
and  has  been  very  little  explored.  Between  Lat. 
11°  and  24^  N. 

Abgherm,  t.  Persia,  prov,  of  Irak,  150  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Ispahan. 

Abha,  a  market  v.  of  Abyssinia,  near  Massuah. 

Abher,  t.  of  the  Persian  Irak,  or  ancient  Parthia, 
in  Asia,  delightfully  situated,  and  adorned  witli 
fine  gardens  and  elegant  public  buildings.  26  ra. 
S.  E.  from  Sultania. 

Abhosagur,  t.  Tibet,  on  the  Ganges,  130  m.  N. 
N.  W.  of  Sirinagar. 

Abi-Atrah,  r.  Persia,  running  into  the  Caspian 
sea,  30  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  Ashor. 

Abia,  r.  in  the  N.  part  of  the  isl.  of  Borneo,  with 
1 4  feet  water  on  a  bar  at  the  mouth  in  spring  tide, 
opposite  to  the  isle  of  Usookan. 

Abiad,  Bahr  el,  r.  Africa,  is  considered  as  the 
head  of  the  Nile.  It  rises  in  the  Mountains  of  the 
Moon,  several  hundred  miles  S.  of  Darfoor. 

Abiad,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Abex,  on  a  high  moun- 
tain, and  remarkable  for  its  trade  in  ebony  and  ar- 
omatick  plants. 

Abia-Grasso,  t.  Italy,  dutchy  of  Milan,  12  m.  S. 
W.  of  Milan. 

Abiar-Alana,  t.  Arabia,  prov.  of  Hedjas,  33  m. 
W.  Ailah. 

Abiasco,  v.  Switzerland,  on  the  r.  Blegno. 

Abid,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  12  m.  S>  of  Doran. 

Abild,  t.  Sweden,  prov.  of  Halland,  20  m.  N.  of 
Helnistadt. 

Abilene,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  small  canton  in  Coelo 
Syria,  W.  of  Damascus,  between  Libanus  and 
Antilibanus,  of  which  Lysanias  was  for  some  time 
tetrarch. 

Abin,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  60  m.  N.  E.  of  Aden. 

Abineau,  or  Long  Point,  a  narrow  neck  of  land, 
which  projects  into  Lake  Erie,  about  10  m.  W. 
of  Fort  Erie. 

Abineau  Port,  on  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Erie,  13 
m.  W.  S.  W.  from  Fort  Erie. 

Abingdon,  t.  Enerland,  Berks  shire,  on  the 
Thames.  Fop.  4.801.  6  m.  S.  of  Oxford,  and  56 
W.  JV.  W.  of  London. 

Abingdon,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.  20  m.  N.  E.  Balti- 
more.    Pop.  300. 

Abingdon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Va. 
Bear  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  state,  260  m.  from 
Richmond.  A  cave,  arched  with  a  massy  rock, 
penetrates  300  feet  into  the  hill  on  which  the  town 
stands.  It  has  several  apartments,  and  a  brook 
rarming  through  it. 


Abmaion,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  18  m.  S.  E. 
Boston.^  Pop.  1,704. 

Abinglon,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  145  m.  N.  E. 
Harrisburgh,  15  N.  E.  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  511. 

Abinglon,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  12  m.  N.  Phil- 
adelphia.    Pop.  1,236. 

Abipones,  warlike  Indians  who  inhabit  between 
28°  and  30°  S.  lat.  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Plata. 
Number  about  5,000.  During  the  five  winter 
months  the  country  which  they  inhabit  is  inunda- 
ted, when  they  retire  to  live  in  the  islands  or  on 
the  tops  of  trees. 

Abira,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Kermau,  68  m.  E.  S. 
E.  of  Kerman. 

Abirelcara,  t.  Eg5rpt,  on  the  road  into  S)rria,  10 
m.  S.  W.  of  Belbeis. 

Abisea,  prov.  of  Peru,  E.  of  the  Andes,  and  S. 
of  Cuzco.  It  is  little  known,  consisting  entirely 
of  woods,  rivers,  and  lakes,  being  the  refuge 
of  many  barbarous  nations  of  Indians,  who  have 
been  driven  out  of  the  more  frequented  parts  of 
the  country. 

Abiscoun,  t.  Persia,  in  the  prov.  of  Korassan,  on 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  10  m.  W.  of  Assera- 
bad,  and  40  W.  of  Jorjan.  Lat.  37°  10'  N.  Lon. 
54°  5'  E. 

Abiscoun,  r.  Persia.  It  falls  into  the  Caspian 20 
m.  W.  Abiscoun. 

Abismes,  Qiiartel  des,  that  part  of  the  island  of 
Guadaloupe  which  looks  to  the  north-east. 

Abiso,  or  Abissa,  r.  Sicily,  which  falls  into  the 
sea  between  Syracuse  and  Cape  Passaro. 

^6t7t66i,  a  small  lake.  Upper  Canada;  also  the 
name  of  a  river  which  running  N.  joins  Moose 
river  near  its  mouth  at  James  bay. 

Abitigas,  a  numerous  and  warlike  nation  of  bar- 
barous Indians,  in  the  province  and  jurisdiction 
of  Turma  in  Peru,  who  live  a  wandering  life  in 
the  woods. 

Abiverd,  or  Baverd,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Korassan, 
350  m.  S.  S.  W.  of  Samarcand.  Lat.  38°  16'  N. 
Lon.  76°  E. 

Abkuren,  r.  Persia,  running  into  the  Bend 
Emir,  14  m.  S.  E.  of  Baiza. 

Ablach,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Dan- 
ube, near  Scheer,  in  Wirtemberg. 

Abl(iikct,  t.  Russian  Tartary.  Here  are  the  re- 
mains of  a  great  temple,  said  to  have  been  erected 
before  the  year  1671,  by  Ablai,  a  Kalmuck  chief, 
to  the  gods  of  his  nation ;  the  whole  surrounded 
by  a  wall  15  feet  high.  Though  now  in  a  state  of  ra- 
pid decay,  some  MSS.  regarding  the  Mongols  and 
Tanguts,  were  here  preserved,  during  last  cen- 
turv.  540  m.  S.  E.  of  Tobolsk.  Lon.  82°  14'  E. 
Lat.  49°  20'  N. 

Ablaket,  mt.  Asiatic  Russia,  gov.  of  Kolhyvane, 
between  the  rivers  Irtisch  and  Ablaket. 

Ableutsch.     See  Abiasco. 

Ablis,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Seine  and  Oise,  be- 
tween Paris  and  Chartres.     Pop.  800. 

Ablilas,  t.  in  Navarre,  9  m.  S.  of  Tudela. 

Abloe,  t.  Little  Tartary,  lying  between  the  river 
Dnieper  and  the  Black  sea.  E.  Lon.  33°  15'.  N. 
Lat.  46°  20'. 

Ablon,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Seine  and  Oise,  on 
the  Seine,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  Paris. 

Abnub,  V.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  7  m.  S.  of  Kenne. 

Abo,  the  capital  of  Finland,  lies  at  the  extremi- 
ty of  the  promontory  formed  lay  the  gulfs  of  Both- 
nia and  Finland,  on  the  river  Aura  jocki,  which 
runs  through  the  town.  It  has  a  commodious  har- 
bor, and  drives  a  considerable  trade  with  other 
towns  in  Finland,  in  corn,  cattle,  fish,  wood,  iron. 


A  B  R 

tar,  and  cloth.  Its  foreig^n  commerce  extends  to 
England,  Holland,  and,  in  a  small  degree,  to  the 
Mediterranean.  Here  are  manufactories  of  cloth, 
silk,  cotton,  ropes,  and  paper,  along  with  a  sugar 
refinery;  there  are  likewise  two  dock-yards,and  one 
of  the  best  glass  houses  in  the  Russian  dominions. 
Pop.  in  1791,  11,500.  Gustavus  Adolphus  founded 
here  an  academy  in  1628,  which,  in  1640,  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  a  university.  A  number  of 
Finnish  and  Russian  youths  here  qualify  them- 
selves for  the  bar  or  pulpit.  Lon.  22°  7'  E.  Lat 
60°28'N. 

Abo,  t.  in  the  desert  tract  immediately  south 
of  Teyzan,  in  Africa.  It  is  the  principal  place  of 
the  rock  Tibbo.    Lon.  16°  55'  E.     Lat.  26°  20'  N. 

Jlbokna,  t.  Africa,  100  m.  E.  S.  E.  Sennaar. 

Abola,  one  of  the  divisions  of  the  Acow  in  Abys- 
sinia. It  is  a  valley  half  to  a  mile  wide,  fenced 
E.  and  W.  by  mountains,  covered  to  the  summit 
Tfith  herbage  and  acasia  trees. 

Abomey^  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Dahomey, 
which  lies  a  little  inland  from  the  Slave  Coast  of 
Africa,  and  is  noted  for  the  ferocious  despotism  of 
its  government.  The  roof  of  the  king's  house  is 
said  to  be  adorned  with  human  skulls,  and  piles  of 
heads,  erected  on  each  side  of  the  gates.  Pop. 
24,000.     Lon.  0°  55'  E.     Lat .  7°  50'  N. 

Abondance,  t.  in  Savoy,  3  m.  fr.  Geneva. 

Aboro,  t.  and  district,  on  the  Gold  Coast  of 
Guinea,  on  the  river  Ancobra,  immediately  be- 
hind Axim. 

Aboro,  a  market  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Acra,  on 
the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa. 

Aborroen,  a  seaport,  Brazil,  prov.  of  Seara. 

AboKcuis,  mt.  of  Arabia,  3  miles  from  Mecca, 
where,  according  to  a  tradition  among  the  Ma- 
hometans, Adam  was  buried. 

Abouillona,  or  Abellionte,  lake,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Olympus.  A  riv- 
er called  Lupat  issues  from  the  west  end  of  the 
lake,  which  is  navigable  by  boats  to  the  sea  of 
Marmora.     8  m.  from  Bursa. 

Aboukir,  t.  of  Egypt,  with  a  castle,  10  m.  N.  E. 
of  Alexandria.  This  was  the  point  chosen  by  Sir 
Ralph  Abercromby  to  effect  his  landing  in  1801. 

Aboukir,  isl.  about  a  league  fi'om  the  town. 

Aboukir  Bay,  formed  on  the  W.  side  by  the 
point  of  land  on  which  the  town  is  situated,  and 
on  the  east  by  that  v/hich  lies  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Rosetta  branch  of  the  Nile.  In  this  bay  was 
fought  by  Lord  Nelson,  in  1801,  the  famous  battle 
of  the  Nile,  in  which  thirteen  French  sail  of  the 
line  were  taken  or  destroyed.  The  country  around 
is  barren. 

Abouthesy,  t.  Palestine,  near  Saphet. 

Aboutige,  or  Abutige,  t.  of  Upper  Egypt  in  the 
Thebais,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  a  little  S.  of 
Siout.  The  best  of  opium  is  made  out  of  the 
abundance  of  poppies  which  grow  here.  170  m. 
S.  of  Cairo.     Lat.  26°  50'  N. 

Abra,  t.  Africa,  60  m.  E.  S.  E.  Sennar. 

Abra,  t.  Arabia,  in  Nedsjed,  20  m.  N.  W.  of  Ja- 
mama. 

Abra,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Magellan. 

Abrah,  t.  in  the  interior  of  the  Gold  Coast  of 
Africa,  the  capital  of  Fantee. 

Abraham'  aha,  v.  Hungary,  Jyps  Co. 

Abram,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire.     Pop.  502. 

Abrantes,  fortified  town  on  the  Tagus,  in  Portu- 
gese Estremadura,  45  m.  E.  Lisbon. 

Abrany,  two  vs.  Hungary,  Bihar  co. 
"brega,  t  in  Istria,  10  m  N.  Rovigno, 


ABU 


13 


IF 


Abreiro.  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes. 

Abreisha,  t.  in  the  island  of  Cyprus,  16  m.  N.  N, 
E.  Baffa. 

Abreolhos,  Abrolhos,  or  Abreogos,  Point  of,  on 
the  coast  of  Brazil,  in  Lon.  30°  51'  30"  W.  Lat. 
18°  19'  30"  S.  Near  this  point  are  some  hidden 
rocks  or  sand  banks,  on  which  numbers  of  vessels 
have  suffered  shipwreck.  These  sand  banks  are 
more  than  20  leagues  from  the  continent,  and,  cal- 
culated from  their  centre,  lie  in  Lon.  39°  18'  W. 
Lat.  17°  51'  20"  S. 

Abres,  or  Les  Abres,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Isere. 

Abries,  or  Aurieu,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Upper 
Alps,  16  leagues  E.  S,  E.  of  Gap. 

Abriz,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  27  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Erekli. 

Abrojos,  or  Baxos  de  ZJaiwca,  abank  E.  of  Turks- 
Islands,  W.  I.     Lon.  70°  40'  W.     Lat.  21°  5'  N. 

Abron,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Loire^ 
between  Avril  and  La  Motte. 

Abrug-Banya,  or  Abrobania,  a  small  town  in 
Transylvania,  on  the  Ompa,  21  m.  from  Alba  Ju- 
lia. It  is  the  principal  of  what  are  called  the  met- 
al towns.     Lon.  22°  10'  E.    Lat.  46°  28'  N. 

Abriizzo,  one  of  the  four  great  provinces  of  the 
kingdom  of  Naples,  bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic, 
N.  and  W.  by  the  states  of  the  Church,  and  S.  by 
the  provinces  of  Terra  di  Lavoro,  and  Capitana- 
ta.  It  is  divided  into  two  districts,  separated  by 
the  river  Pescara :  the  one  called  Abruzzo  Citra^ 
the  other,  Abruzzo  Ultra.  The  capital  of  the 
former  is  Salmona,  and  of  the  latter  Aquila.  Pop 
in  1788,  587,719. 

Abs,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Ardeche,  8  m.  N.  W. 
of  Viviers. 

Absharon,  peninsula  of  Persia,  prov.  of  Schir- 
van,  projecting  from  the  N.  W.  side  of  Baku  into 
the  Caspian  sea.  It  is  an  inexhaustible  source  of 
the  Naptha.  Here  are  two  villages,  and  a  few 
Guebres  have  established  themselves,  together 
with  temples,  near  to  what  is  esteemed  perpetual 
fire,  the  object  of  their  adoration.    Lat.  40°  10'  N, 

Abshirin,  r.  Persia,  flows  into  the  Persian  gulf. 

Absteinach,  a  district  in  Hesse.  The  town  of 
this  name  is  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Heidelberg. 

Abstetten,  t.  Austria,  9  m.  S.of  Tuln. 

Abston,  t.  England,  Gloucester  shire  7  m, 
from  Bristol. 

Abstorf,  two  towns  in  the  archduchy  of  Austria ; 
one  7  m.  S.  Tonneberg,  the  other  5  m.  E.  Zisters- 
doi'f. 

Abstotten.     See  Abstetten  and  Amstotten. 

Abswangen,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  the  bailiwick  of 
Natangen,  12  m.  S.  of  Konigsbei^. 

Abtenau,  t.  in  the  archbishopric  of  Saltzbui^, 
20  m.  S.  S.  E.  Saltzburg. 

Abtegemund,  v.  in  Wirtemberg,  6  m.  S.  W.  of 
Ellwangen. 

Abu  Ait,  or  Selin,  v.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  4  m.  S. 
E.  Abutige. 

Abu-Arisch,  a  territory  of  Arabia,  near  the 
Red  Sea,  extending  from  15°  20'  N.  lat.  to  17°  40'. 
Its  prinpcipal  towns  are  Abu-Arisch,  Gesan  a  sea- 
port, Harradi,  and  Sabea.  Salt  is  obtained  from 
the  hills  in  the  vicinity,  and  exported. 

Abu-Arisch,  city  Arabia,  80  m.  E.  Loheia.  Lon. 
42°  30'  E.     Lat.  16°  45'  N. 

Ahucay,  t.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Min- 
danao.    Lon.  125°  24'  E.  Lat.  8°  40'  N. 

Abucees,  S.  Joseph  de  los,  a  settlement  of  Indians 
in  S.  America,  on  a  branch  of  the  Putumayo.  Lon. 
75°22'W.    Lal.0°3G'N. 


14 


A  B  Y 


A  C  A 


Abu-Dahea,  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Red  sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Arabia.    ].at.  25°  19'  N. 

Abufeide,  a  steep  mountain  in  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile,  opposite  Monfalout,  inhabited  by  a  formida- 
ble body  of  robbers. 

Abul  Kasum,  t.  in  Bagdad,  near  the  Euphrates, 
22  m.  N.  N.  W.  Hillah. 

Abu-Mtalle,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Arabia.     Lat.  25°  19'  N. 

Abur,  mt.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  16  m.  S.  S.  W.  of 
Kataba. 

Aburra,  S.  Bartolome  de,  t.  of  New  Granada. 
Lon.  75°  17'  W.     Lat.  5°  51'  30 '  N. 

Abury,  v.  Eng.  Wiltshire,  celebrated  for  a  stu- 
pendous assemblage  of  stones,  of  great  antiquity, 
artificially  arranged.  6  m.  fr.  Marlborough,  81 
fr.  London. 

Abiischureia,  isl,  near  the  E.  shore  of  the  Red 
sea.     Lat.  16°  54'  N. 

Abimhuscha.  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lat.  27°  20'  N. 

Abu  Sexan,  t.  in  central  Africa,  100  m.  E.  Wara. 

Abu  Shareb,  t.  in  central  Africa,  85  m.  S.  S.  E. 
of  Wara. 

Abusir,  or  Busir,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  40  m. 
S.  Damietta. 

Abusir,  two  fortified  eminences,  120  m.  W.  of 
Alexandria,  in  Egyi>t. 

Abussinem,  t.  Palestine  6  m.  N.  E.  Acre. 

Abutcha,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Yana.  Lon. 
132°  44' E.     Lat.  66°  30' N. 

Abuiige.     See  Aboutige. 

Abuyog,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  isl.  Lc'ta,  one  of 
the  Philippines.    Lon.  124°  59' E.    Lat.' 10°  44' N. 

Abwerden,  t.  of  East  Prussia,  3  m.  S.  S.  W.  of 
Konigsberg. 

Aby,  t.  Sweden,  in  W.  Bothnia,  10  m.  S.  Pitea. 

Abj/ssinia,  an  extensive  kingdom  of  Africa, 
bounded  E.  by  the  Red  sea,  N.  by  Sennaar,  W. 
and  S.  by  Sennaar,  Kordofan  and  vast  and  barba- 
rous regions,  about  770  m.  long,  and  550  broad. 
The  ranges  of  mountains,  with  which  it  is  every 
■where  intersected,  presers^e  the  air  cool,  and  af- 
ford a  supply  of  water  sufficient  to  maintain  fertili- 
ty. The  declivities  of  the  mountains  afford  the 
most  agreeable  situations,  upon  which  most  of  the 
towns  and  villages  are  built.  In  consequence  of 
this  physical  structure^  Abyssinia  is  exceedingly 
fertile,  and  is  exempted  in  a  great  measure  from 
that  sand  which  dooms  so  large  a  portion  of  Africa 
to  sterility.  Wheat  is  raised  in  considerable  quan- 
tity; teff  grows  on  every  soil,  and  affords  the 
bread  which  is  in  universal  use.  One  of  the  most 
important  natural  curiosities  of  Abyssinia,  is  the 
great  plain  of  salt,  belAveen  Amphila  and  Massu- 
ah.  It  covers  a  flat  plain,  about  four  days  jour- 
ney across.  It  is  perfectly  pure  and  hard  for 
about  two  feet  deep.  It  is  cut  with  an  adze  into 
pieces,  which  not  only  serve  as  seasoning  to  food, 
but  even  circulate  as  money  in  Abyssinia.  The 
digging  of  the  salt  is  attended  with  c»nsiderable 
danger,  from  the  vicinity  of  the  Galla,  who  fre- 
quently attack  those  employed,  as  well  as  the  car- 
avans, which  convey  the  salt  to  Antalo.  The  gov- 
ernment is  a  despotism;  the  power  of  the  sove- 
reign has  no  limit ;  there  is  no  assembly  of  the 
people,  nor  any  nobles  to  controul  its  exercise. — 
But  this  absolute  power  is  set  at  open  defiance, 
not  only  by  a  number  of  savage  tribes  established 
in  the  heart  of  his  dominions,  but  by  tlie  governor 
of  the  smallest  province,  by  every  one  in  short 
who  can  collect  around  him  a  body  of  armed  men. 
Civil  war  rages  thus  almost  without  intermission. 
This  perpetual  state  of  civil  war  and  coufusioQ 


seems  to  be  the  main  cause  of  that  peculiar  bar- 
barism and  brutality,  by  which  the  manners  of 
Abyssinia  are  characterised.  Dead  bodies  lie  in 
the  streets,  without  being  allowed  the  rites  of  sep- 
ulture, but  are  left  to  be  devoured  by  the  dogs 
and  liyaenas.  They  eat  raw  flesh,  and  when  on  a 
journey,  are  in  the  habit  of  cutting  steaks  from  a 
living  animal,  then  closing  up  the  wound  and 
driving  him  on.  Marriage  in  Abyssinia  is  a  very 
slight  connection,  formed  and  dissolved  at  pleas- 
ure. Although  the  Abyssinians  profess  Christian- 
ity, their  religion  still  retains  a  large  share  of  Ju- 
daical  observances.  They  abstain  from  the  meats 
prohibited  by  the  Mosaic  law ;  practise  circum- 
cision, and  keep  both  the  Saturday  and  Sunday  as 
Sabbaths.  The  Coptic  patriarch  of  Cairo  contin- 
ues still  to  be  the  nominal  head  of  tlie  church, 
from  whom  the  Abuna,  the  resident  head,  receives 
his  investiture.  Their  veneration  for  the  Virgin 
is  unbounded.  Their  saints  are  very  numerous, 
and  surpass  ip  miraculous  power  even  tliose  of  the 
Romish  calendar.  The  foreign  commerce  of 
Abyssinia  is  carried  on  entirely  by  way  of  Mas- 
suah,  whence  the  communication  with  the  inte- 
rior is  maintained  by  the  channel  of  Adowa.  The 
imports  are  chiefly  lead,  block  tin,^old  foil,  Per- 
sian carpets,  raw  silks  from  China,  velvets,  French 
broadcloths,  coloured  skins  from  Egypt,  glass 
beads  and  decanters  from  Venice.  The  exports 
consist  of  gold,  ivory,  and  slaves.  The  population 
is  variously  estimated  from  2  to  3,000,000. 

Abzal,  r.  Persia,  flows  into  tlie  Persian  gulf. 

Acaay,  a  pai'ish  in  Paraguay,  14  leagues  S.  E. 
of  Ascension.    Lon.  57°  25'  W.     Lat.  25°  54'  S. 

Acabef  Assolhm,  a  seaport  of  Barca  in  Africa, 
60  m.  S.  £.  of  Tabarca. 

Acadia,  the  name  by  which  Nova  Scotia  was 
called  when  it  belonged  to  the  French.  See  J^''o- 
va  Scotia. 

Acadia,  co.  Louisiana.  Pop.  6,174.  Chief  t. 
Godberrys,  between  lake  Maurepas  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Acaguiry,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Golconda,  36  m.  N. 
W.  Adoni. 

Acam.     See  Akim. 

Acama,  or  Cape  St.  Epipliany,  a  promontory  of 
tlie  island  of  Cyprus, 

Acamon,  r.  Guiana,  which  enters  the  Caroni. 

Acanti,  r.  in  the  province  of  Darien,  which 
falls  into  the  sea  between  Cape  Tiburon  and  the 
bay  of  Caledonia. 

Acapnia,  v.  S,  America,  in  Guatimala.  Lon. 
93°  52'  \\\    Lat,  16°  53'  N. 

Acupulco,  or  Los  Reges,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Its  port  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  world,  and  capable  of  containing  any  num- 
ber of  vessels  in  perfect  safety.  The  principal 
trade  of  Acapulco  is  with  Manilla,  one  of  the 
Philippine  islands,  to  which  it  has  for  a  long  pe- 
riod sent  out  annually  a  large  vessel,  called  a  gal- 
leon. The  lading  from  Acapulco  to  Manilla  gen- 
erally consists  of  silver,  a  very  small  quantity  of 
cochineal  from  Oaxaca,  of  cocoa  from  Guayaquil 
and  Caraccas,  wine,  oil,  and  Spanish  wool,  "rhe 
value  of  the  precious  metads,  exported  in  a  single 
vessel,  including  what  is  not  registered,  amounts 
in  general  to  about  200,000/.  or  250,000/.  The 
galleon  generally  sails  from  Manilla  in  the  middle 
of  July,  or  beginning  of  August,  when  the  south- 
west monsoon  is  already  completely  established. 
Its  cargo  consists  of  muslins,  printed  calicoes, 
coai-se  cotton  shirts,  raw  silks,  china,  silk  stock- 
ings, articles  of  jewelry,  spices,  and  aromatics. 


A  C  C 

The  voyag^e  formerly  lasted  from  five  to  six  months, 
but  now  only  three  or  four.  As  soon  as  the  intelli- 
gence arrives  at  Mexico,  that  the  »alleon  has  been 
seen  off  the  coast,  the  roads  are  covered  with  trav- 
ellers, and  every  merchant  hastens  to  treat  with 
the  supercargoes  who  arrive  from  Manilla.  Aca- 
pulco,  owing  to  its  position,  is  extremely  unheal- 
thy ;  and  the  unfortunate  inhabitants,  besides  be- 
ing tormented  with  earthquakes  and  hurricanes, 
breathe  a  burnin*  air,  full  of  insects,  and  vitiated 
by  putrid  emanations.  Bilious  fevers,  and  the 
cholera  morbus,  are  very  frequent,  and  the  Mexi- 
cans, who  descend  fi'om  the  table  land  to  purchase 
goods,  on  the  arrival  of  the  galleon,  are  frequently 
the  victims  of  those  diseases.  Pop.  4,000,  mostly 
people  of  color.  At  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the 
Manilla  galleon  this  number  is  increased  to  9,000. 
Lat.  16°  f>0'  29"  N. 

Acaraga,  r.  Paraguay,  which  enters  the  Uru- 
guay, near  the  city  of  Assumption. 

Acarai,  a  settlement  of  Paraguay ;  also  a  river 
of  Paraguay,  which  enters  the  Parana. 

Acarapu,  r.  of  Surinam,  in  S.  America. 

Atari,  r.  in  Brazil,  which  enters  the  Amazon  at 
its  mouth. 

Acariez,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  9  m. 
E.  of  Naxia. 

Acarigva,  r.  in  Venezuela,  rises  near  the  town  of 
Araure,  and  running  south,  enters  the  La  Portu- 
guesa,  a  branch  of  the  Apure. 

Acarretlo,  a  port  in  S.  America,  province  of  Da- 
rien.     Lon.  77°  24'  W.     Lat.  8°  39'  N. 

Aeanm,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  40  m.  N.  W.  Lepanto. 

ArMsabastlan,  r.  in  the  province  of  Vera  Paz,  in 
Mexico,  runs  into  the  Golfo  Dolce,  50  m.  S.  of 
Vera  Paz, 

Aca.isa,  r.  in  French  Guiana,  enters  the  sea  be- 
tween the  Ayapuco  and  Cape  Orange. 

Acasuchtitlan,  t.  Mexico,  50  m.  N.  Puebla  de 
Ids  Angelos. 

Acatepec.  There  are  various  small  settlements 
of  this  name  in  South  America. 

Acatlan,  the  name  of  six  settlements  in  Mexico. 

Acayvca.  1. 100  leagues  S,  E.  of  Mexico.  Lon. 
94°  46'  30"  W.     Lat.  7°  53'  N. 

Acasutla,  a  port  on  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  Gua- 
timala.     Lon.  99°  3'  W.     Lat.  14°  42'  N. 

Acboula,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  iJO  m.  N.  of  Hama- 
dan. 

Accaba,  mountains  in  Asia,  between  Palestine 
and  Arabia  Petrssa,  N.  E.  of  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  Red  sea. 

Accaba,  or  Calaat  el  Accaba,  fortress  of  Arabia 
Petraea,  150  m.  E.  S.  E.  of  Suez.  The  harbor  is 
of  difficult  access,  dangerous,  and  full  of  rocks. 
Lon.  39°  45'  E.    Lat.  28°  45'  N. 

Accadia,  t.  Naples,  20  m.  N.  Conzar, 

Accar.     See  Akker. 

Accelura,  t.  Naples,  19  m.  S.  S.  E.  Acerenza. 

Accho,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  of  Galilee,  on  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  about  32  m.  S.  of 
Tyre,  afterwards  called  Ptolemais,  now  Acre. 

Accites,  r.  in  Caraccas,  S.  America,  which  en- 
ters the  Oronoco. 

Accoda,  a  small  Dutch  settlement  on  the  Gold 
Coast  in  the  kingdom  of  Ahanta. 

Accolorelto,  t.  Italy,  in  the  papal  duchy  of  Spo- 
leto,  7  m.  S.  W.  of  Todi. 

Accomac,  co.  Va.  on  the  E.  shore  of  Chesapeake 
bay.     Pop.    15,743.      Chief  t.  Drummondtown. 
^7  m.  E.  Richmond,  214  S.  E  '^Yajliington. 
''ccovs,    See  Aeons, 


A  C  H 


15 


W 


Accumulo,  t.  Naples,  17  m.  N,  W.  of  Aquila. 

Aceglio,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Milan. 

Acere,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Milan,  in  Pavia. 

Acerenza,  t.  80  m.  E.  of  Naples. 

Acemo,  or  Aciemo,  t.  Naples,  14  m.  E.  N.  E.  of 
Salerno.     Lon.  14°  50'  E.     Lat.  40°  45'  N. 

Acerra,  t.  Naples,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  of  Naples, 

Ach.     See  Aach. 

Acha,  three  small  rivers  in  Bavaria.  The  first 
falls  into  the  Danube  near  Donawerth ;  the  second 
a  little  above  Ingolstadt ;  while  the  tliird  falls  into 
the  Inn  below  Oettingen. 

Achagua,  Indians  of  New  Granada,  who  dwell 
in  the  plains  of  Guanare  and  Meta. 

Achaia,  in  Sac.  Geag.  a  province  in  the  S.  part 
of  Greece.  Its  capital  was  Corinth.  The  name  is 
used  also  in  a  broad  sense,  and  is  coupled  with 
Macedonia  to  denote  all  Greece. 

Achasse,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Rhone. 

Acheen,  a  kingdom  occupying  the  N.  W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Sumati-a,  and  reaching 
about  50  m.  inland.  Cattle,  horses,  and  elephants 
are  numerous.  Very  fine  gold  dust  is  obtained  in 
this  kingdom.  The  inhabitants  are  taller,  stouter, 
and  more  swartliy  than  the  other  Simiatrans ;  they 
are  also  more  acute,  intelligent,  and  industrious ; 
but  are  accused  of  being  of  a  base  and  treacher- 
ous disposition.  Their  principal  articles  of  trade 
are  gold,  jewels,  brimstone,  betelnut,  camphor, 
and  pepper.  They  import,  opium,  cloth,  and 
silks  from  Bengal;  cutlery,  gunpowder,  arms,  and 
glass,  besides  other  articles  of  less  consequence- 
Considerable  trade  is  carried  on,  both  with  Euro- 
peans and  the  Eastern  nations ;  but  all  goods  pay  a 
duty  to  the  king.  The  inhabitants  are  principally 
Mahometans.  An  amicable  traffic  is  at  present 
carried  on  with  the  British. 

Acheen,  the  capital  of  the  above  kingdom,  is  on 
a  river  about  2  m.  from  the  sea.  It  contains  8,000 
houses.  A  good  deal  of  trade  is  carried  on  in 
Acheen,  and  a  number  of  vessels  resort  to  it  from 
the  coast  of  Coromandel  and  the  Maldives.  But 
commerce  is  attended  witli  some  embarrassment^ 
partly  from  the  king  being  the  principal  merchant 
of  his  state ;  besides,  on  the  arrival  of  cargoes, 
twelve  bales  are  taken  from  every  hundred,  as 
king's  duty.  The  country  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  this  city  is  in  a  higli  state  of  cultivation,  popu- 
lous, and  abounding  in  villages  and  hamlets.  Pro- 
visions of  all  kinds  are  both  plentiful  and  cheap. 
Lon.  95°  46'  E.    Lat  5°  36'  N. 

Acheen-head,  a  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra.    Lon.  95°  40'  E.     Lat.  5°  26'  N. 

Achcl,  a  celebrated  place  of  Hindoo  supersti- 
tion, in  the  district  of  Sirhind. 

Achtl,  t.  Hindostan,  40  m.  E.  Seringapatam. 

Achen-Achense,  a  lake  in  the  Tyrol. 

Achen,  r.  in  the  principality  of  Berchtolsga- 
den. 

Achen.    See  Achim. 

Achenheim,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Lower 
Rhine. 

Achere-le-Marche,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Loiret. 

Arherin,  t.  in  the  grand  diichy  of  Baden. 

Acheson* s Haven,  v.  Scotland,  Haddingtonshire, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  tlie  frith  of  Forth. 

Acheux,  t.  France,  6  leagues  N.  E.  Amiens. 

Achiachica.     See  Angelos. 

Achibamba,  r.  S.  America,  in  tlie  kingdom  of 
Quito,  which  enters  the  Amazon, 

Achigan  River,  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into^ 
the  Assiimption,  12  m.  from  it^  mouth. 


16 


AGO 


.^ chill,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lat.  53" 
38' N. 

Achilty,  lake  Scotland,  Rosshire. 
Achim,  the  name  of  several  small  districts  and 
villages  in  the  duchy  of  Bremen,  and  principality 
of  Wolfenbuttel. 
Achira,  t.  on  the  frontiers  of  China. 
Ackita,  a  city  of  Japan,  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Niphon.     Lon.  131°  38'  E.     Lat. 
39°  10' N. 

Achite,  r.  S.  America,  in  the  prov.  of  Guiana. 

Achleuthen,  t.  in  the  archduchy  of  Austria,  on 
the  Crems,  10  m.  E.  S.  E.  of  Ems. 

AchmetJia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  chief  t.  of  Media,  and 
summer  residence  of  the  Persian  monarch,  now 
called  Ecbatana. 

Achmim^  or  Echmim,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Nile.  200  m.  S.  of  Cairo.  Lon. 
31°  55'  E.    Lat.  26°  40'  N. 

Achvmnein,  v.  Upper  Egypt,  120  m.  S.  of  Cai- 
ro.    Pop.  5,000. 

Achol/ing,  a  market  town  with  a  castle,  in  Ba- 
varia, district  of  Straubing. 

Achonry.v.  Ireland,  16  m.  W.  of  Sligo. 

Achor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  valley  near  Jericho,  E. 
of  Jordan. 

Achorstmvn,  p-v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Achshaph,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  at  the  foot  of  mt. 
Tabor,  in  the  tribe  of  Asher. 

Achstede,  t.  Germany.  6  m.  N.  of  Bremen. 

Achtiar.     See  Sevastopol. 

Achtirka,  t.  Russia,  40  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Charcov. 
Pop.  12,818. 

Achlube.     See  Aktuba. 

Jlchtifrka.     See  Achtirka. 

Achzib,  in  Sac.  Geog.  s.-p.  of  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Asher,  between  Acre  and  Tyre,  after- 
wards called  Ecdippa,  and  now  Zib ;  also  the  name 
of  a  town  ivi  the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Aciar,  t.  of  little  Bukharia,  35  m.  S.  W.  of  Acus. 

Acilu,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay. 

Ackchora,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  5  m. 
W.  of  Scala  Nova. 

Acken,  town,  castle,  and  bailiwick,  on  the  Elbe, 
in  the  duchy  of  Magdeburg,  9  m.  from  Zerbst. 
Lon.  12°  9'  E.     Lat.  51°  53'  N.     Pop.  2,529. 

Acken.     See  Aix  la  Chapelle. 

Ackerhutis,  Ackersund,  &c.     See  Aggero,  &c. 

Acklin's  Keys,  two  islands  in  W.  Indies.  Lon. 
74°30'W.     Lat.  21°  53' N. 

Ackrun,  v.  Holland,  in  W,  Friesland. 

Ackteran,  v.  Syria,  25  m.  E.  of  Aleppo. 

Ackworth,  t.  England,  York  shire,  where  there 
is  a  benevolent  institution  for  the  children  of  Qua- 
kers.    Pop.  1,322. 

Acletta,  district  of  Switzerland,  in  the  country 
of  the  Grisons. 

Acmetli,  t.  Persia,  province  of  Schirvan,  6  ra. 
N.  of  Baku. 

Acoba,  a  small  town  in  Portuguese  Estremadu- 
ra,  4  m.  S.  of  Leiria, 

Acobamba,  t.  of  Angaraes,  in  Peru.  Lon.  74° 
32' W.     Lat.  13°  16' S. 

Acoda,  a  village  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
near  Cape  Three  Points. 

Acola,  t.  in  Sicily,  which  was  almost  annihilated 
by  an  earthquake  in  1693. 

Acolastre,  and  Acoliru,  two  rivers  of  France, 
which  fall  into  the  Loire,  near  Nevers. 

Aconcagua,  province  of  Chili,  bounded  on  the 


A  C  R 

N.  by  Quillota,  E.  by  the  Andes,  S.  by  Santiago, 
and  W.  by  Quillota.  It  produces  grain,  fruits, 
and  copper  in  abundance.     Pop.  8,000. 

Aconcagua,  t.  Chili,  in  Aconcagua  province. 

Aconcagua,  r.  S.  America,  which  enters  the  Pa^ 
cific  in  33°  S.  lat. 

Acootan,  one  of  the  Aleutian  or  Fox  islands. 

Acores,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province  of 
Beira,  8  m.  N.  E.  of  Guarda. 

Acori,  r.  province  of  Para,  in  Brazil,  which 
falls  into  the  Amazon. 

Acos,  t.  in  the  province  of  Xauxa,  in  Peru. 

Acourbie,  v.  Armenia,  at  the  base  of  mt.  Ararat. 

Acoury,  or  Ackoru,  t.  Hind.  12  m.  N.  W.  of  At- 
tock,  on  the  Indus. 

Acous,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Lower  Pyrenees.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Acqua,  t.  Italy,  15  m.  E.  of  Leghorn. 

Acquabella,  a  cape  on  the  coast  of  Naples,  in  the 
gulf  of  Venice. 

Acquadagna,  t.  Italy  14  m.  S.  of  Urbino. 

Acqua  de  Corsari,  a  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Sardinia. 

Acqua  delta  Fico,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra, 
15  m.  W.  of  Squillace. 

Acqua-Kegra,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Mantua, 
2  m.  N.  N.  E.  of  Caneto. 

Acqua-Negra,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Milan,  3 
m.  W.  of  Cremona. 

Acqimpendente,  t.  Italy,  55  N.  N.  W.  of  Rome. 

Acquara,  t.  Naples,  in  the  principato  Citra,  13 
m.  S.  W.  of  Cangiano. 

Acquaria,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  S.  W.  of  Modena. 

Acquasco,  p-v.  Prince  George's  co.  Md.  42  rt. 
S.  S.  W.  Annapolis,  38  S.  E.  Washington,  on  Pa- 
tuxent  r. 

Acqxia-Sparta,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  W.  of  Spoleto. 

Acqua-Viva,  t.  Italy,  in  the  marquisate  of  An- 
cona,  10  m.  N.  E.  of  Ascoli. 

Acqua-Viva,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  from  Rome. 

Acqui,  or  Aqui,  t.  Italy,  17  m.  S.  S.  W.  of  Ales- 
sandria, and  44  S.  E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  6,660. 

Acquino,  t.  Naples,  prov.  of  Terra  de  Lavora. 

Acquoi,  V.  Holland,  Leerdam  co. 

Acra,  t.  Hindostan,  district  of  CondapiUy. 

Acra,  or  Megarisb  Uzzier,  t.  Arabia,  in  the 
province  of  Nedsjed,  60  m.  N.  of  Hajar. 

Acra,  a  kingdom  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
about  26  miles  in  length,  and  from  12  to  20  in 
breadth.  It  is  the  most  healthy  situation  of  any 
on  this  coast,  and  carries  on  the  most  extensive 
trade,  both  with  the  Europeans  and  with  tlie  inte- 
rior. Both  the  English  and  Dutch  have  forts  at 
Acra ;  there  is  also  a  Danish  fort.  Lon.  0°  10' 
W.     Lat.  5°  31' N. 

Acre,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  a  sea-port  in 
the  pachalic  of  Acre,  which  extends  from  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  west  to  the  river  Jordan  on 
the  east.  Acre  stands  on  a  bay,  in  a  situation 
rendered  unhealthy  from  the  neighbouring  marsh- 
es. Severe  distempers  are  therefore  prevalent 
during  every  summer  ;  and  in  1760,  no  less  than 
7000  persons  fell  victims  to  the  plague.  The  town 
is  small,  but  very  populous  and  well  fortified. 
Some  trade  is  carried  on  in  the  export  of  cotton, 
and  the  import  of  rice  ;  but  the  harbor  is  bad, 
though  better  than  most  others  on  the  coast.  Eu- 
ropeans, however,  enjoy  much  liberty,  and  a 
great  degree  of  respect,  as  well  from  the  govarn- 
mejat  as  the  people,  who  are  a  mixture  of  Turks 


ADA 


ADD 


i; 


and  Arabs.  Population  18,000  or  20,000.  This 
city  has  been  celebrated  from  remote  antiquity. 
During  nearly  two  centuries  it  became  the  prin- 
cipal theatre  of  the  crusades.  In  March,  1799 
<his  city  was  besieged  without  success,  by  the 
French,  under  Bonaparte.  Since  tlie  siege, 
the  fortifications  have  been  considerably  enlarged. 
Distant  23  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  Jerusalem,  27  S.  of 
Tyre. 

^crii  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Ta- 
rento. 

^m,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra. 

Acrijigton,  t.  England,  Lancashire,  9  m.  E.  of 
Blackburn.     Pop.;3,266. 

Jcris/ia,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Valdi  Mazzara. 

Acron,  a  division  of  the  Fantee  territory,  on  the 
Gold  Coast  of  Africa.  The  principal  seaport  is 
Apam,  50  ra.  E.  N.  E.  of  Cape  Coast. 

Acropoli.    See  AgropoU. 

Acsa,  two  villages  in  Hungary  ;  one  in  Pest 
CO.  the  other  in  Stuhlweissenburg  co. 

Acsad,  three  villages  in  Hungary  ;  one  in  Eis- 
enburg  co. ;  another  in  Wesprim  co.  and  the 
third  in  Bihar  co. 

Acsu,  t.  in  Natolia,  20  m.  E.  of  Isnik. 

Acsu,  t.  in  Natolia,  16  m.  S.  E.  of  Bursa,  and  35 
S.  W.  of  Isnik. 

Acsu,  t.  Little  Bukharia,  108  m.  E.  of  Cash- 
gar.     Lon.  75°  15'  E.  Lat.  43°  N. 

Ada,  t.  Syria,  30  m.  S.  E.  of  Aleppo. 

Adam,  t.  Persia,  in  the  province  of  Azerbi- 
jan,  120  m.  N.  of  Tabriz. 

Adas,  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  60  m.  N.  E.  of  Tour- 
tan,  and  130N.  \V.  of  Hami. 

Adon,  V.  Eng.  5  m.  from  London. 

Adon,  t.  Eng.  Cheshire,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Canal,  4  m.  fr.  Nantwich,  177  fr.  London. 

Adon,  V.  Ireland,  Armagh  co.  58  m.  from 
Dublin. 

Adon,  t.  in  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  cos. 
Lower  Canada,  E.  of  Montreal. 

Adon,  t.  in  Windham  co.  Vt.33  m.  S.  Windsor. 
Pop.  245. 

Adon,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  24  m.  N.  W.  of 
Boston.     Pop.  885. 

Adon-Burnell,  v.  Eng.  8  m.  from  Shrewsbury. 

Adon-Trussel,  t.  Eng.  Staffordshire. 

Adon-Turiille,  t.  Eng.  Gloucestershire. 

Adopan,  the  capital  of  Actopan  district,  23 
leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  Mexico. 

Acvl,  s-p.  of  St.  Domingo,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  of 
Cape  Francois  ;  another,  16  m,  S.  W,  of  Los 
Cayes. 

Acuma,  r.  Brazil,  in  the  province  of  Seara. 

AcumulL     See  Accumulo. 

Acuragu,  Angoras,  or  Camosin,  r.  Brazil,  in 
the  province  of  Seara. 

Acwodh,  p-t.  in  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  36  m.  W. 
of  Concord.     Pop.  1,523. 

Art/,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Aisue. 

Ada,  t.  Circassia,  15  m.  N.  of  Anapa. 

Ada,  t.  Natolia,  40  m.  W,  of  Angora. 

Adaes,  i.  Texas,  450  m.  N.  W.  of  N.  Orleans. 

Adaguesa,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,   on  the  Vero, 
12  m.  N.  W.  of  Balbastro. 
i  Adair,  t.  Ireland,  8  m.  S.  W.  of  Limerick. 

Adair,    co.  Ken,   Chief  t.    Columbia.       Pod. 
6,011.     Slaves  956. 
I  Adaja,  r.  in  Spain,  runs  into  the  Dourc . 

Adak,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands.     Lon.  184° 
^XE-  Lat.  53°  40'  N. 
■B^c^a/ta,  district,  Egypt,  2  m.  N.  E.  of  Cairo. 

IB  3 


Adalguez,  or  Adalgimis,  t.  Kurdistan,  on  lake 
Van,  15  m.  E.  of  Aklat. 

Adam,  t.  European  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  10 
m.N.  N.W.ofGalatz. 

Adamancotta,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore. 

Adamas,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  18  m.  N.  E.  of 
Cordova. 

Adamow,  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Poland. 

Adampe,  a  territory  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
extending  from  Acrato  the  Volta. 

Adnmpore,  t.  in  Bengal,  district  of  Burdwan. 

Adams,  t.  in  Coos  co.  N.  H.  64  m.  N.  of  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  244. 

Adams,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  29  m.  N.  Len- 
ox.    Pop.  1,763. 

Adams,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  S.  W.  of  Wa- 
tertown,  166  m.  W.  N.  W.  of  Albany.  Pop.  1,386. 

Adams,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  20  m.  N.  E.  Lan- 
caster. 

Adams,  p-t.  Dauphine  co.  Pa.  133^m.  fr.  Wash- 
ing-ton city. 

Adams,  co.  Pa.  bordering  on  Maryland.  Chief 
t.  Gettysburg.     Pop.  15,152. 

Adams,  p-v.  Hyde  co.  N.  C.  153  m.  S.  E.  Ra^ 
leigh. 

Adams,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Mississippi  r.  Chief 
towns,  Natches  and  Washington.  Pop.  10,002. 
Slaves  5,671. 

Adams,  t.  W^asiiington  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Musk- 
ingum, 10  m.  N.  Marietta.     Pop.  020. 

Adams,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  between  Scioto 
and  Brown  cos.  Chief  t.  Westunion.  Pop.  in 
1815,  10,415. 

Adams,  p-t.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois. 

Adam's  Bridge,  a  ledge  of  sand-banks  between 
the  coast  of  Ceylon  and  Coromandel.  I'he  na- 
tives of  Ceylon  believe  that  their  island  was  the 
original  Paradise,  and  that  Adam  being  expelled 
from  it,  passed  by  this  line  of  banks  to  the  conti- 
nent of  India. 

Adamsdorf,  v.  in  the  New  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
3  m.  E.  of  Lippehene. 

Adamsfrei/heit,  t.  near  New  Feistrax,  Bohemia. 

Adam''s  Peak,  mt.  Ceylon  island,  60  m.  N.  E. 
of  Colombo. 

Adam's  Point,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
S.  of  the  river  Columbia.     Lat.  46.  15.  N. 

Adamsladtl,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia. 

Adamstown,  v.  Ireland,  Wexford  co. 

Adamuz,  t.  Spain,  near  the  Guadalquivir. 

Adana,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  river  Adana, 
10  or  12  m.  from  the  sea,  170  S.  S.  W.  of  Sivas, 
and  150  S.  E.  of  Konieh,  Lon.  35°  6'  E.  Lat.  36° 
59'  N. 

Adana,  r.  flows  into  the  Mediterranean,  Lon. 
35°  17'  E.  Lat.  36°  48'  N. 

Adanad,  t.  Hind,  in  Malabar,  25  m.  S.  S.  E.  of 
Calicut. 

Adanaque  or  Andanaque,  t.  Kurdistan,  on 
the  Deaal,  which  flows  into  the  Tigris,  N.  of  Bag- 
dad. 

Adasa,  v.  Abyssinia,  70  m.  S.  of  Gondar. 

Adat,  t.  Japan,  Niphon  island,  30  m.  N.  of  Nam- 
bu. 

Adana,  r.  S.  America,  a  branch  of  Orinoco. 

Adauquiana,  r.  Guiana,  branch  of  the  Cauca 

Addaveed,  t.  Hind.  10  m.  W.  of  Combam. 

Adaya,  a  harbour  in  Minorca. 

Adoyes.     See  Mexicano  Rircr, 

Adborow,  t.  Palestine,  near  Saphet. 

Adda,  a  Danish  fort,  on  the  Gold  Cos't  of  M 
rica,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  \'olta. 


18 


A  D  E 


ADM 


Adda^  r.  in  Italy,  runs  through  the  Valteline  in- 
to the  lake  of  Como,  and  joins  the  Po,  near  Cre- 
mona. 

Adda,  V.  Hungary,  in  Batsch  co. 

Addenbrook,  Point,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Amer- 
ica.   Lon.  232°  8'  E.  Lat.  5P  30'  N. 

Adderburi/,  t.  Eng.  Oxfordshire,  3  m.  fr.  Ban- 
bury. 

Addingham,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  6  m.  fr.  Skipton. 

Addington,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coaistofthe  Prince 
of  Wales' 3  Archipelago.  Lon.  226°  23'  E.  Lat. 
55°  26'  N. 

Addison,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  15  m.  W.  of 
Machias.     Pop.  399. 

Addison,  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on 
Otter  Creek.    Chief  t.  Vergennes.     Pop.  19,993. 

Addison,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  69  m.  S.  W.  of  MontpeUer,  and  10  W, 
Middlebury.     Pop.  1,100. 

Addispn,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  Bath. 
Pop.  369. 

Addison,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  W.  S.  W.  of  Har- 
risburg.    Pop.  678. 

Addison,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  4  m. 
N.  Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  410. 

Adtbiau,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Posen,  25  m  S. 
S.  W.  of  Kalisch. 

Adebuil,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Lu- 
cerne, 7  m.  N.  W.  of  Lucerne. 

Adeenagur,  t.  Cabul,  50  m.  E.  S.  E.  of  Cabul. 

Adeenapore,  t.  Hind.  IV.  of  Lahore. 

Adegem,  t.  Netherlands,  12  m.  E.  Bruges. 

Adel  or  Adaiel,  a  territory  of  Africa,  immediate- 
ly S.  E.  of  Abyssinia.  It  stretches  from  Zeila  to 
the  Straits  of  Babelmandel,  and  is  divided  among 
a  number  of  war-like  tribes,  who  carry  on  almost 
perpetual  war  with  Abyssinia.  Zeila  is  the  chief 
town. 

Adelberg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  5  m.  N.  of  Goppin- 
gen. 

Adelberg.     See  Adehberg. 

Adelbordin,  v.  in  the  canton  of  Berne. 

Adelebsen,  in  the  principality  of  Calenberg,  and 

kingdom  of  Hanover. 

Adekpsen.     See  Adelebsen. 

Adelfors,  t.  Sweden,  in  Smaland.  Lat.  57° 
26' N. 

Adelgians,    See  Adalgues. 

Adellof,  t.  Sweden,  prov.  of  Smaland.  Lat.  58° 

i'N. 

Adelmannsfelden,  t.  of  Wirtemberg,  in  Jaxt, 

./idelnau,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Posen. 

Adelphi,  four  islands  in  the  Grecian  Archipela- 
go in  Lon.  24°  4'  Lat.  39°  22'. 

Adelphi,  p-t  Ross  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  E.  Chili- 
cothc. 

Adelsberg,  t.  in  Inner  Carniola,  between  Lay- 
bach  and  Fiumc,  capital  of  a  circle  of  the  same 
name  12  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  Trieste. 

Adelsberg,  a  market  t.  of  Germany,  in  the  duchy 
dfNeuburg,  now  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria. 

Adelsborn,  a  bailiwick,  town,  and  castle  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  district  of  Eichsfeld,  9  m.  from  Dud- 
erstadt. 

Adelsdorf,  t.  Silesia,  in  the  circle  of  Goldberg, 
and  duchy  of  Leignitz. 

Adelsheim,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden. 

Adelskofen,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden 

Adelsried,  v.  Bavaria,  in   Burgau.     Pop.  520. 

Aden,  a  small  state  of  Arabia  Felix,  bounded  S. 
by  the  Indian  ocean,  W.  and  N.  by  the  dominions 
of  the  Imam  of  Yemen,  and  E.  by  the  country  of 
Jafa. 


Aden,  s-p.  cap.  of  the  state  of  Aden,  situa- 
ted on  the  rocky  peninsula  in  the  S.  W.  extrem- 
ity of  Arabia,  formerly  the  most  opulent  city  of 
Arabia.  The  surrounding  country  is  fertile,  and 
could  export  gold,  ivory,  coffee,  and  gum.  Lon. 
45°  10'  E.  Lat.  12°  56'  N. 

Adendorf,  a  lordship  in  the  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  which  belongs  to  Russia  ;  8  m.  fr. 
Bonn. 

Adenore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  5  m.  S.  of 
Volconda. 

Aderampar,  t.  Hind,  in  Travancore,  35  m. 
N.  E.  of  Porcah. 

Aderberg.     See  Oderberg. 

Aderborgt,  t.  in  Hither  Pomcrania,  9  m.  N.  W. 
of  Stettin. 

Adercan,  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  60  m.  N.  E. 
Lar. 

Adercan,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  135  m.  S.  ofSchi- 
raz. 

Adercand,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  40  m.  S.  W.  of 
Kojend. 

Aderno,  t.  in  Sicily,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna. 

Adervan,  mt  Persia,  60  m.  N.  E.  of  Shuster. 

Adhergat,  t.  Syria,  on  the  frontiers  of  Arabia. 

Adjazze.     See  Ajaccio. 

Adiconi,  a  port  of  Venezuela. 

Adjerud,  fortress,  Eg}Tpt,  10  m.  N.  of  Suez. 

Adige,  r.  rises  in  the  country  of  the  Grisons,  on 
the  borders  of  Tyrol,  and  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Ven- 
ice near  the  mouths  of  the  Po.  It  passes  by  Ty- 
rol, Brixon,  Trent,  V^erona,  and  Rovigo. 

Adijiara,  r.  Great  Bukliaria,  flows  into  the 
Harrct,  opposite  Arhenz. 

Adilabad,  t.  in  the  Mahratta  dominions,  prov.  of 
IChandish,  20  m.  S.  of  Boorhanpore. 

Adinseik,  t.  in  Natolia,  9  m.  S.  E.  of  Artald. 

Adjodin,  or  Paukputtun,  a  city  Hind,  in  Moul- 
tan,  on  the  river  Setlege.  Lon.  73°  30'  E. 
Lat.  30°  21'  N. 

Adioulta,  v.  Abyssinia,  on  the  road  from  Dixaa 
to  Gondar. 

Adirbeilzan.     See  Azerbijan. 

Adjurie,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Abyssinia. 

Adlar,  r.  in  Bohemia,  which  falls  into  the  Elbe 
near  Koningsgratz. 

Adlerberg,  or  Arlberg,  one  of  the  largest  moun- 
tains in  Suabia,is  strictly  a  branch  of  the  Tyrolesc 
Alps,  and  separates  Suabia  from  Tyrol  and  the 
country  of  the  Grisons. 

Adlerberg,  a  hill  in  Saltsburg,  which  produces 
very  fine  copper. 

Adlcrsberg.     See  Adelsberg. 

Adlhobs,  a  famous  mineral  bath  of  Bavaria,  in 
the  district  of  Traunstein. 

Adlington,  t.  Eng.  Cheshire,  5  m.  from  Mac- 
clesfield. 

Adlington,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire  4  m.  from 
Wigan. 

Adliswil,  t.  in  the  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich. 

Admah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  one  of  the  towns  destroyed 
in  the  valley  of  Ziddim,  and  sunk  in  the  dead  sea. 

Admiralty  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tavai  Poen- 
amoo,  the  most  southern  island  of  New  Zealand, 
between  Cape  Stephens  and  Cape  Jackson. 

Admiralty  Island,  an  isl.  discovered  by  the 
Dutch,  near  Nova  Zen-Ma,  in  the  Frozen  Ocean. 

Admiralty  Island,  a  It^ige  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
North  America,  between  King  George  the  Third's 
Archipelago  and  the  continent,  about  180  m.  in 
circuit.  Lon.  225°  10'  to  226°  31'  E.  Lat.  57°  2' 
to  58°  24'  N. 

Admiralty  Islands,  a  number  of  small  isl?.  at  the 


ADR 

entrance  of  Admiralty  bay,  New  Zealand.  Lon. 
186°  2'  W.  Lat.  40°  48'  S. 

Admiralty  Islands,  a  cluster  of  20  or  30  islsands 
in  the  South  Pacific  ocean,  discovered  by  the  Dutch 
in  1816.  Lat.  1°  58'  50".  to  2°  20'  S.  The  most 
western  island  lies  in  lon.  143°  37'  38"  E. 

Admont,  t.  Upper  Styria,  with  260  houses, 
and  a  custom-house,  6  m.  N.  E.  of  Rosenmann. 

Admuncotta,  t.  Hind.  6  m.  S.  of  Darampoory. 

Ado,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  near 
the  coast  of  Finland.  Lon.  20°  14'  E.  Lat.  60° 
19'  N. 

Adolfseck,  t.  Germany  on  the  Aar,  in  the  lord- 
ship of  Idstein,  belonging  to  the  duke  of  Nassau, 
and  8  m.  W.  of  the  town  of  Idstein. 

Adolfshausen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  in  the  district  of 
the  Juxt. 

Adolphus,  Point,  on  the  N.  coast  of  King  George 
the  Third's  Archipelago.  Lon.  224°  28  i'  E. 
Lat.  58°  18' N." 

Adohfurt,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Rezat,  2  m.  S.  W.  of  Ochringen. 

Adolzheim.     See  Alsheim. 

Adorn,  or  Tfieton,  t.  on  the  Danube,  in  Hungary, 
12  m.  S.ofBuda. 

Adorn,  a  small  territory  in  the  interior  of  the 
Gold  Coast  of  Africa. 

Adoni,  t.  and  district  of  Hind,  in  Golconda,  188 
m.  N.  of  Seringapatam,  130  S.  W.  of  Hydrabad, 

Adonis.     See  Eide. 

Ador,  r.  France,  dep.  of  Upper  Loire. 

Adorf,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elster,  near  the  fron- 
tiers of  Bohemia,  12  m.  from  Egra ;  likewise  a 
town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the  Iser, 
and  of  a  village,  in  the  principality  of  Waldeck. 

Adour,  r.  France,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  and 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Biscay,  3  m.  below  Bayonne. 

Adouy,  t,  Hungary,  on  the  Danube. 

Adowa,  the  capital  of  Tigre  in  Abyssinia,  and 
residence  of  the  sovereign  since  the  Galla  gained 
possession  of  Gondar.  It  has  an  extensive  manu- 
facture of  cotton  cloths,  and  is  the  channel  of  com- 
munication between  the  coEist  and  the  interior. 
Cattle,  corn,  and  salt,  constitute  their  chief  arti- 
cles of  barter.  About  a  thousand  slaves  pass 
through  Adowa,  to  be  shipped  at  Massuahand  oth- 
er ports  on  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  39°  5'  E.  Lat.  14° 
12'30"N. 

Adra,  t.  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean,  45  m. 
S.  E.  of  Granada.     Lon.  3°  10'  E.  Lat.  36°  4'  N. 

Adra,  r.  Spain  in  Granada,  falls  into  the  Med- 
iterranean near  the  town  of  Adra. 

Adra,  r.  Turkey  in  Europe,  which  joins  the 
Marizza  at  Adrianople. 

Adra,  t.  Syria,  15  m.  N.  E.  of  Damascus. 

Adragno,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Valdi  Mazzara,  20 
m.  E.  N.  E.  of  Mazzara. 

Adramiti,  now  Ydramit,  t.  in  Natolia,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Adramiti. 

Adramittium,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Africa,  W.  of  Egypt ;  also  the  name  of  a  s-p.  in 
the  province  of  Eolia,  Asia-Minor,  opposite  the 
isle  of  Lesbos. 

Adrana,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Irak. 

Adrashofen,  v.  on  Leutkirch-heath,  in  Suabia. 

Adria,  t.  in  Italy,  on  a  peninsula  foimed  by  the 
river  Tartaro  and  an  arm  of  the  Po,  15  m.  E.  of 
Rovigo.  Lon.  12°  2'  E.  Lat.  45°  2'  N.  Pop. 
7,200. 

Adriampaiam,  t.  Hind.  37  m.  S.  E.  of  Tanjore. 

Adrianople,  (called  by  the  Turks  Adranah,)  on 
the  Marizza,  in  Eu.  Turkey,  130  m.  N.  W.  of 
(Jomtajitinople,    The  M'oriryd.  which  i«  nayiga- 


A  F  F 


19 


ble  to  its  embouchure  in  the  Archipelago,  pro- 
motes materially  both  foreign  and  inland  trade. 
The  principal  naerchants  are  Greeks,  Jews,  and 
Armenians,  but  the  town  is  also  inhabited  by 
Wallachians,  Turla,  and  other  oriental  tribes.  An 
important  branch  of  commerce  is  the  wine  and 
fruit  raised  in  the  adjacent  country.  It  still  con- 
tinues a  favourite  place  of  retreat  with  the  sul- 
tans.    Pop.  100,000. 

Adrianopoli.    See  Argyro  Castro. 

Adriatic  Sea,  or  Gulf  of  Venice,  a  part  of  the 
Mediterranean  which  extends  from  S.  E.  to  N. 
W.  between  Itsiy  and  Illyria,  from  lat.  40°  to  45° 
55'  N.  The  ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide,  which  is  not 
observable  in  other  parts  of  the  Mediterranean, 
takes  place  daily  in  the  shores  of  the  Adriatic, 
though  in  a  much  less  degree  than  in  the  ocean. 

Adrichoa.     See  Andrichoa. 

Adshibey,  a  new  fortress  of  Russia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  district  of  Oczakow. 

Adshider,  a  fortress  of  Russia,  iu  the  govern- 
ment of  Cherson,  on  the  Dniester. 

Adsjar,  t.  Arabia,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Persian 
gulf.     Lon.  48°  20'  E.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. 

Adullam,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t,  of  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  formerly  the  residence  of  a  Canaanitish 
king,  and  fortified  by  Rehoboam. 

Adummim,  or  Adommim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  v.  Pal- 
estine, which  once  belonged  to  the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Adurieh,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  5  m.  S.  of 
Cairo. 

Adventure  Bay,  a  spacious  bay  on  the  east  coast 
of  Bruny's  Isle,  off  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Lon. 
147°  30'  E.  Lat.  43°  20'  S.     See  Bruny's  Isle. 

Adventure  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
144°  30'  W.  Lat.  17°  5'  S. 

Adzaneta,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  25  m.  S.  W.  of 
Pensicola. 

Adzel,  t.  Russia,  gov.  of  Riga,  20  m.  S.  W.  of 
Dorpat. 

Adzerballig,  v.  Denmark,  in  duchy  of  Sleswick. 

Adziud,  or  Atschud,  t  Europ.  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia,  9  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Birlat. 

Adzul,  t.  Europ.  Turkey,  in  Wallachia,  5  m. 
E.  of  Jalonitza,  and  6  N.  W.  of  Kirsova. 

Aecmeili,  v,  Asia,  on  the  Caspian,  between 
Baku  and  Sallian. 

^gades  Islands,  (the  Insula  JEgnsm  of  the  Ro- 
mans) in  the  Mediterranean,  W.  of  Sicily. 

Aegelsfau-ick,  s-p.  Sweden,  near  Stockholm. 

Aegery,  lake  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zug. 

Aene,  t.  in  Natolia,  12  m.  from  Bonarbashy. 

Aerlinspach,  v.  Switzerland,  canton  of  Soleure. 

Aemen,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  Valais. 

Aeron,  r.  Wales,  runs  into  Cardigan  Bay. 

Ae.rschott,  or  Arschot,  t.  Netherlands,  7  m.  N. 
E.  of  Louvain,  20  S.  E.  of  Antwerp. 

Aerskaia,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Irtisch,  60  m.  N.  W. 
ofTara. 

Aesch,  V.  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bale ;  another 
in  the  canton  of  Zurich. 

Aeschy,  v.  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Berne, 
5  m.  S.  E.  Spietz  ;  another  in  canton  of  Soleure. 

Afdim,  Afdimu,  Aitimo,  or  Audimo,  v.  of  Cy- 
prus, 16  m.  W.  of  Baffa. 

Affalterbach,  v.  Wirtemberg. 

4^a/-,  t.  Arabia,  country  of  Yemen. 

J^arli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  Marizza,  45  ra. 
S.  E.  of  Philipopoli. 

Affleck's  Canal,  inlet  in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  226°  19'  E.  Lat.  56°  7'N. 

Affnoo,  a  caravan  station  between  Fezzao  and 
Tombuctoo,  120  ra.  N.  E.  of  Tombuct^. 


•0 


A  G  A 


A  G  M 


Afghanistnn,  a  C(5nsidcrable  kingdom,  between 
Persia  and  Hindostan,  bounded  E.  by  the  Indus, . 
N.  by  a  range  of  lolty  mountains,  separating  it 
from  Bulkh  and  Budukhshan,  W.  by  Persia,  Herat 
being  its  frontier  town,  and  S.  by  Baloochistan.  It 
lies  between  29°  and  36°  N.  lat.  and  61°  and  71° 
E.  Ion.  comprehending  the  ancient  kingdoms  of 
Zabulistan  (Ghizne  and  Kandahar)  and  Kabulis- 
tan.  The  inhabitants  of  this  country  are  in  gener- 
al Mahometans  of  tlie  Soony  sect.  They  are  a 
generous,  hospitable,  and  brave  people,  but  illit- 
erate, ferocious,  and  seditious.  Their  army  is 
principally  composed  of  well  mounted  cavalry  ; 
they  have  also  some  artillery,  and  a  few  corps  of 
infantry  armed  with  swords  and  matchloclcs.  Ma- 
ny of  the  districts  are  still  inhabited  by  the  abori- 
ginal Hindoos.  The  towns  are  mostly  inhabited 
by  Hindoos  of  the  Punjab,  st  Mahometans  of  Per- 
sian or  Mogul  descent ;  but  in  Kabul  there  are 
persons  from  all  parts  of  the  East.  The  population 
is  supposed  not  to  exceed  3,000,000.  The  gov- 
ernment is  despotic  ;  but  the  Afghams  being  divi- 
ded into  clans,  the  authority  of  the  sovereign  is 
not  often  exercised  over  them.  Kandaliar  icas  the 
capital,  but  it  has  been  ti-ansferred  to  Kabul. 

Africa,  one  of  the  four  great  quai-ters  of  the 
world.  It  is  the  third  in  magnitude,  and  probably 
in  population,  though  it  is  less  known,  and  has 
fewer  political  relations  with  Europe,  than  either 
Asia  or  America.  It  forms  a  peninsula,  connected 
witli  Asia  by  the  isthmus  of  Suez.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  W.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic, E.  by  the  Red  sea  and  the  Indian  ocean.  Its 
greatest  length  from  Cape  Serra  to  Cape  Aguilhas, 
includes  from  about  the  37th  °  of  N.  to  the  35th 
of  S.  lat.  and  its  greatest  breadth  from  Cape  Verd 
to  Cape  Guardafui,  about  the  IBth  °  of  W.  to  the 
61st  of  E.  Ion.  It  is  4320  m.  long,  and  4140  broad. 
Africa  is  distinguished  from  the  other  quarters  of 
the  world  by  its  immense  sand  deserts.  The  Sa- 
hara, or  the  great  Desert,  occupies  a  large  pro- 
portion of  Africa,  N.  of  the  mountains  of  the  Moon. 
Very  little  is  known  about  the  interior  of  Africa. 
Few  travellers  have  penetrated  that  burning  re- 
gion. The  population  has  been  commonly  estim- 
ated at  150,000,000 ;  Hassel  estimates  it  at  about 
99,000,000,  and  the  square  miles  at  11,652,412. 
The  principal  rivers,  are  the  Nile,  Niger,  Sene- 
gal, Gambia,  and  Congo  or  Zaire.  The  principal 
ranges  of  mountains  are  the  Mountains  of  the 
Moon  and  the  Mount  Atlas  chain.  The  principal 
exports  are  slaves  and  gold.  The  internal  com- 
merce is  carried  on  almost  entirely  by  caravans. 
Africa  is  divided  into  1.  Northern  Africa,  or  the 
countries  N.  of  the  tropic  of  Cancer ;  2.  Southern 
Africa,  or  the  countries  south  of  the  tropic  of  Cap- 
ricorn ;  3.  Eastern  Africa,  or  the  countries  lying 
on  the  east  coast  between  the  tropic  of  Cancer 
and  the  tropic  of  Capricorn  ;  4.  Western  Africa, 
or  the  countries  on  the  west  coast  between  the 
tropics ;  5.  Central  Africa,  or  the  countries  in  the 
interior  between  these  four  divisions. 

Africa,  seaport,  90  m.  S.  E.  of  Tunis. 

Afsdasors,  t.  Sweden,  in  Dalecariia. 

Aflan,  r.  Arabia,  runs  into  the  Persian  gulf, 
.>jm.S.E.ofEl-Catif. 

Afva,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  between  the  island  Aa- 
iand  and  the  coast  of  Finland. 

Afveslad,  t.  Sweden,  in  Daiecarlia,  on  the 
Dal-Elf,  not  far  from  Fahlun. 

AfwUiwara,  district  of  Lapland,  in  Tomea-Lapp- 
raark. 

Agadeep,  t.  in  Bengal,  14  m.  S.  of  Plasscy. 


Agadeer,  or  Santa  Cruz,  the  most  southern  port 
in  the  empire  of  Morocco. 

Agades,  a  large  town  in  the  interior  of  Africa, 
between  Fozzan  and  Cassina,  the  capital  of  a 
kingdom  called  Asben. 

Agajik,  v.  Pei-sia,  prov.  of  Azerbijan. 

Agakemal,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Irak,  35  m.  S.  of 
Cashan. 

Agalicpour,  r.  Syria,  flows  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 12  irt.  S.  S.  W.  of  Scanderoon. 

Agama,  s-p.  on  the  isl.  of  Cyprus,  25  m.  N.  Baffa. 

Aganis,  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ceylon. 

Agapia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia. 

Agara,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey  in  the  pachalic  of 
Sivas,  7  m.  W.  of  Tocat. 

Agaree,  a  caravan  station  in  the  desert  of  Sa- 
hara, between  Gadanus  and  Cassina. 

Agaron,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  15  m.  N.  W. 
Tiagar. 

Agarum,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  of 
Bangalore. 

Agastoboli,  or  Agatoboli.     See  Athaboli. 

Agalhenburg,  t.  in  duchy  of  Bremen,  Germany. 

Agalhon,  t.  on  N.  coast  of  isl.  of  Cjnprus. 

Agatfumisi,  isl.  3  m.  S.  of  the  isle  of  Samos. 

Agaton.     See  Gatton. 

Agattoo,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  20  m.  E.  of 
Attoo. 

Agaicam,  p-v.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  2  m.  S.  W.  of 
Springfield. 

Agawam,  the  name  of  Westfield  r.  towards  its 
mouth. 

Agde,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Herault,  8  leagues  S. 
W.  of  Montpelier.     Pop.' 7,200. 

Agea,  t  Persia,  100  m.  E.  of  Ispahan 

Ageda,  t.  Portugal,  prov.  of  Beira. 

Agen,  t.  Fi-ance,  chief  town  in  the  dep.  of  Lot 
and  Garonne,  30  leagues  S.  E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop. 
10,834. 

Ager,  t  Spain,  in  Catalonia. 

Agercile,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Travancore. 

Agcrola,  t.  Naples  in  Principato  Citra. 

Aggerhuns,  or  Christiania,  the  most  southerly 
of  the  four  bishoprics  of  Norway.  Also,  a  royal 
bailiwick  on  the  west  side  of  the  gulf  of  Christiania, 
three  miles  from  the  iown  of  that  name, 

Aggeroe,  isl,  in  the  gulf  of  Christiania. 

Aggersu7id,  isl.  in  the  Cattegat. 

Aggi,  r.  Persia,  which  flows  into  the  Ara?. 

Aggisu,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  gov.  of  Mosul. 

Aghadoe,  v.  Ireland,  3  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  Kil- 
larney. 

Agheh,  t.  on  the  coast  of  the  Black  Sea. 

Aghisi.     See  Agveh. 

Aghnish,  Paint,  on  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  Gal- 
way  CO.    Lat.  £3°  8'  N. 

Aghor,  r.  Periia,  prov.  of  Mekran,  runs  into 
the  Indian  ocean,  near  Cape  Arubah. 

Aghrim,  v.  Ireland,  28  m.  E.  of  Galway. 

Aghris,  cape  of  Ireland,  11m.  W.  of  Sligo. 

Agia  Laura,  t,  Eu,  Turkey,  19  m,  S.  E.  of 
Saloniki. 

Agimeer.     See  Ajmeer. 

Agioi  Saranta,  t.  in  Candia,  16  m.  S.  of  Settia. 

Agioi  Saranto,  t.  of  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  op- 
posite the  island  of  Corfu. 

Agioloi  Bassardseck,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  127  N. 
E.  of  Adrian  ople. 

Aglnr.     See  Aquileia. 

Aglie,  t,  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  m,  S,  W,  o'' 
Ivrea, 

Aglish,  V.  Ireland,  Waterford  co. 

Agmet,  t.  Africa,  18  m.  S.  E.  of  3Iorocco. 


A  G  U 

AgnadeUo,  t,  Italy,  duchy  of  Milan,  12  m.  N.  of 
Lodi. 

Ag'nana,  t.  Spain,  prov.  of  Biscay. 

Agniadello.     See  AgnadeMo. 

Agno,  t.  Switzerland,  3  m.  S.  W.  of  Lugano. 

Agnoua,  t.  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 

Agnoue,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra. 

Agoas  de  Moura,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura. 

Agoas  (Juentas,  t.  Portugal  in  Estremadura, 
21  m.E.  N.  E.ofAbrantes. 

Agomiso,  isl.  in  Hudson's  bay,  N.  N.  E.  from 
Albany  fort. 

Agon,  t.  France,  dep.of  LaManche. 

Agoona,  district  on  Gold  Coast  of  Africa. 

Agosta,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  off  Dalmatia. 

Agosta,  t.  on  coast  of  Sicily,  18  m.  N.  of  Syra- 
cuse,    Pop.  1.5,000. 

Agot,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near  the  coast 
ef  France. 

Agou,  or  Agoen,  isl.  Sweden.  Lat.  61°  32' N. 

Agows,  a  remarkable  people  of  Abyssinia,  inhab- 
iting a  territory  to  the  east  of  the  sources  of  the 
Bahr-el-Azrek,  or  Abyssinian  Nile.  So  late  as 
the  17th  century,  they  were  converted  to  Chris- 
tianity. Their  language  is  entirely  diffierent  from 
the  Abyssinian,  and  is  said  by  Mr.  Salt  to  bear  a 
resemblance  to  some  of  the  English  country  dia- 
lects. 

Agra,  province  of  Hind,  bounded  N.  by  Delhi,  S. 
by  Malwaff,  E.  by  Oude  and  AUaliabad,  and  W. 
by  Ajmeer. 

Agra,  city,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  and 
seat  of  the  British  civil  authority  ;  is  on  the  river 
Jumna,  800  m.  N.  W.  Calcutta.  It  was  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  great  Mogul,  but  is  now  in  a 
ruinous  state.  About  the  middle  of  the  16th  cen- 
tury the  emperor  Akbar  built  here  a  palace  and 
an  extensive  fort  of  red  free  stone,  and  changed  its 
name  to  Akbarabad.  In  1803,  it  was  captured 
by  the  British  army  from  the  Mahrattas.  In  1813, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Church  Missionary 
Society,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Corrie  arrived  here 
with  Abdool  Messee,  a  native  convert ;  the  jour- 
nal of  whose  proceedings  has  excited  so  widely 
a  zealous  concern  for  the  success  of  Missions  in 
India.  The  Society  possess  a  building,  called  the 
Kuttra,  where  Abdool  resides,  and  where  worship 
is  held.  In  18  months,  about  50  persons  witli 
their  children,  embraced  the  Christian  religion. 
Some  of  them  were  Fakeers,  or  Rehgious  Mendi- 
cants ;  6  were  Mahometans  of  the  first  respecta- 
bility ;  the  rest  were  of  the  labouring  classes  of 
the  people.  Schools  are  opened  in  the  Kuttra 
and  in  three  other  places,  and  ahout  100  Heathen 
and  Mahometan  children  attend  them.  The  con- 
verts are  poor,  but  chiefly  support  themselves,  the 
men  by  weaving,  and  the  women  by  spinning. 

Agragansk,  fortress  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
Caspian,  65  rn.  N.  of  Derbend. 

Agramont,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia. 

Agrimonti,  t.  Naples,  prov.  of  Basilicata. 

Agropoli,  t.  Naples,  22  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  Salerno. 

Agua,  Cape,  Spain,  on  coast  of  Murcia. 

Agua  de  Peixes,  t.  Portugal,  15  m.  S.  of  Evora. 

Agua,  seaport  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa. 

Aguacugua,  t.  Guiana,  on  the  Caroni. 

Aguada,  point,  at  the  mouthof  thegulfof  Darien. 

Agiutlulco,  t.  New  Spain,  17  leagues  W.  of 
Guadalaxara. 

Aguas  Calientes,  city  of  New  Spain,  140  leagues 
N.  N.  W.  of  Mexico,  and  35  of  Guadalaxara. 

Aguatulco,  s-p.  Guaxaca.  on  *th^  Pacific.  Lat. 
15°  44'  N, 


A  I  B 


21 


Agveh,  t.  in  Natolia,  on  the  Black  sea  ;  10  m, 
E.  ofErekli. 

Agueira,  t.  Portugal,  prov.  of  Beira,  21  m. 
E,  N.  E.  ofLamego. 

Aguignan,  isl.  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean. 

Aguilar,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  12  m.  S.  W.  of 
Estella. 

Aguilar,  t.  Spain,  32  m.  S.  of  Cordova. 

Aguilar  del  Campo,  t.  Spain,  40  m.  N.  W.  of 
Burgos. 

Aguirra,  r.  in  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Orinoco, 
at  its  mouth. 

Agurande,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Indre. 

Alianta,  a  kingdom  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
bounded  on  the  west  by  Appollonia,  on  the  east  by 
the  Fantee  territories.  It  is  the  richest  district 
upon  this  coast. 

Ahdun,  t.  Persia,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Candahar, 

Aher,  t.  Persia,  20  m.  N.  of  Tabris. 

Altkooly,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore. 

Ahlden,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  river  Leine. 

Allien,  t.  Wirtemberg,  40  m.  N.  W.  of  Augs- 
burg. 

Ahmedabad,  capital  of  the  province  of  Gujerat 
in  Hind,  on  the  Sabermaty,  which  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  Cambay.  One  of  the  best  fortified  cities  in 
Hindostan. 

Ahmedpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  34  m.  S.  of 
Cuttack. 

Ahpmoojeenee-Gamook,  lake  in  Maine,  N.  of 
Moosehead  lake,  discharges  its  waters  by  the 
river  St.  John  into  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

Ahr,  t.  Persia,  in  Azei'bijan,  39  m.  N.  of  Ar- 
debil. 

Ahrberg,  t.  in  Germany,  in  the  Bavarian  circle 
of  the  Rezat,  3m.S.  W.  of  Ohrenban. 

Ahrenfels,  v.  17  m.N.  N.  W.  of  Coblentz. 

Ahrensburg,  v.  Denmai'k,  duchy  of  Holstein, 
13  m.  from  Hamburg. 

Ahrweiler,  t.  Germany,  Lon.  70°  3'  E.  Lat. 
50°  25'  N. 

Ahsa,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  60  m.  N.  W.  of 
Kabis. 

Ahsa.     See  Lachsa. 

Ahtareen,  t.  Syria,  16  m.  N.  of  Aleppo. 

Ahter,  t.  of  Agra,  in  Hind,  on  the  Chumbul. 

Ahuille,  t  France,  dep.  of  the  Mayenne. 

Ahun,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Creuse,  6  m.  S.  S. 
E.  of  Christianstadt. 

Ahuu-an,  t.  of  Persia,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  of  Dame- 
gan. 

Ahwas,  Ahuazi,  or  Ilavisa,  t.  of  Persia,  in  K\iz- 
istan,  40  m.  N.  of  Bussorah. 

Ahwas  River.     See  Karasu. 

At,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  9  m.  N.  E.  of  Jerusalem, 
on  the  N.  border  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin. 

Aja,  Cape,  the  south  point  of  the  Crimea. 

Ajaccio,  or  Ajazzo,  the  capital  of  Corsica,  and 
the  birth  place  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte. 

Aia-Ka-La,  fort  Armenia,  60  m.  W.  of  Erivan. 

Ajan,  the  nanae  of  the  eastern  coast  of  Africa, 
from  Cape  Guardafui  to  Magdasho. 

Aiandum,  i.  in  Natoha,  24  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Sinob. 

Aias,t.  Turkestan,    45  m.  N.  E.  of  Turkestan. 

Aias,  t.  in  Natolia,  25  m.  W.  of  Angora. 

Aias,  s-p.  Turkey,  20  m.  N.  of  Scanderoon. 
Lon.  36°  5'  E.  Lat.  36°  45' N. 

Aiasaluck,  v.  Asia  Minor,  in  Natolia,  39  m.  S. 
of  Smyrna,  2  W  of  Ephesus. 

Aiash,  t.  in  Natolia,  32  m.  W.  of  Angora. 

Aiasmati,  t.  in  Natolia,  12  m.  W.  of  Bei^amo. 

Aibecca,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Travancore. 

AUfHng,  t  m  Bararia,  22  rji.  S.  E.  of  Munich, 


22 


A  J  M 


Aichaeh,  t.  Bavaria,  12  m.  E.  N.  E.  Augsburg. 

Aichherg.     See  Egenburg. 

jiichlberg,  t.  Carinthia,  12  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Vil- 
lach. 

Jlichstetlein,  t.  Bavaria.     Pop.  1,380. 

Aichstetlen,  t.  Wirtemberg.     Pop.  500. 

Aidab^  port  on  the  Red  sea,     Lat.  22°  12'  N. 

Aidinshick,  t.  in  Natolia,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora. 

Aidona,  t.  Sicily,  4  m.  N.  E.  of  Piazza. 

Ajello,  t.  Naples,  prov.  of  Abruzzo  Ultra. 

Aieta,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra. 

Ajetlo,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra. 

Aigen,  t.  Austria,  105  m.  W.  of  Vienna. 

Aigeridiah,  t.  in  Cyprus,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fama- 
gusta. 

Aighton,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire. 

Aiglande,  t.  France,  dep.  La  Manche. 

Aigle,  or  Hals,  t.  Switz.  36  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  Geneva. 

Aiglc,  promontory  on  the  coast  of  France,  be- 
tween Marseilles  and  Toulon. 

r  Aigle,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Orne,  14  leagues 
N.  E.  of  Alen9on. 

r  Aigle,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Loire. 

Aignai,  or  Aigney-le-Duc,  t.  France,  dep.  of 
Cote  d'Or,  10  leagues  N.  W.  Dijon. 

Aignan,  or  Agnan,  i.  France,  dep.  of  Gers. 

Aigre,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Chareute,  7  leagues 
N.  W.  Angouleme. 

Aigre-Fuille,  t.  France,  dep.  Lower  Charente. 

Aigremont,  a  strong  castle  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  the  principality  of  Liege. 

Aigucbelle,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Drome. 

Aiguebello,  t.  Savoy,  6  leagues  E.  of  Chamberry. 

Aiguelles,  t,  France,  dep.  of  the  Upper  Alps. 

Jligu-Perse,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Puy  de  Dome. 

Aigues,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Rhone  near  Or- 
ange. 

Aiguts-Mortes,  t.  I'rance,  dep.  of  the  Gard,  7 
leagues  S.  S.  W.  of  Nismes. 

Aigues-Vives,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  W.  of  Nismes. 

Aigues-Vives,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Indre  and 
Loire. 

Aiguillon,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Lot 
and  Garonne. 

Aiguines,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Var,  16  m.  N.  E.  of 
Barjois. 

Aijalon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  assigned  to  the  Levites 
i«  the  tribe  of  Dan,  between  Timnah  and  Beth- 
shemeth ;  also,  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Zebulon. 

Aijaltan,  t.  Syria,  35  m.  S.  of  Tripoli. 

Ajighur,  t.  Hind.  25  m.  E.  of  Chatterpore. 

Ajilmul,  t.  of  Agra,  in  Hind.  25  m.  W.  Cawn- 
pore. 

AiJces,  t  Transylvania,  18  m.  N.  E.  Clausen- 
burg. 

Aikmane,  r.  Palestine,  runs  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean 9  m.  N.  of  Acre. 

Aiko,  isl.  Sweden,  in  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Allah,  t.  Arabia  Petraea,  called  Elaeh,  in  Scrip- 
ture, 108  m.  E.  of  Su£jz. 

Ailingen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  near  lake  Constance. 

Aillas.  t.  France,  dep.  of  Gironde,  6  m.  N.  E. 
of  Bazas. 

Ailweslon,  i.  England,  Huntington  co. 

Aimaraez,  prov.  Peru,  W.  of  Cotabamba. 

Aimargucs,  t.  France,  3i  leagues  from  Nismes. 

Ajmccr,  or  Rajpootana,  an  extensive  province 
in  tiie  centre  of  Hindostan,  bounded  N.  by  Delhi 
and  Moultan,  S.  by  Malwa  and  Gujerat,  E.  by 
Delhi  and  Agra,  and  VV.  by  Sinde. 

Ajmeer,  city,  cap.  of  the  above.  Lon.  74°  48' 
Lat.  26°  35'  N.  Near  it  is  a  remarkable  place  of 
Hindoo  superstition,  called  Phokur,  or  Poo'shkur, 


A  I  S 

it  being  a  common  saying,  that  all  the  pilgrima- 
ges of  the  world  are  of  no  avail,  without  bathing 
in  the  waters  of  Phokur.  In  1819,  a  Baptist  mis- 
sionary was  sent  here  to  establish  schools  cis  a 
means  of  introducing  the  Gospel. 

Aimoutie.r,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Upper  Vienne,  5 
leagues  S.  E.  St.  Leonard. 

Ain,  a  department  of  France,  bordering  on  Sa- 
voy and  Switzerland.     Pop.  322,608. 

Ainabachti,     See  Lepanto. 

Ainade,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hadramaut. 

Ain-asel,  Ain-bartha,  Ain-beseeze,  Ain-dilla, 
Ain-el-graab,  Ain-gitrain,  Ain  on  Heide,  Ain- 
mylsa,  Ain-el-irab,  Ain-lhyllah;  villages  in  the 
south  of  Algiers,  near  the  Sahara. 

Ain-charin,  v.  Palestine,  5  m.  fr.  Jerusalem. 

Aincreville,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Meuse,  3  m.  S. 
W.  Dun. 

Ain-dain,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Rhone,  above 
Lyons. 

Ain-gebel,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  40 
m.  S.  W.  of  Mosul. 

Ain-haroof,  t.  Syria,  150  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  Aleppo. 

Ain-musa,  or  el  Aayon-moussa,  the  wells  of  Mo- 
ses, Arabia,  10  m.  fr.  Suez. 

Ainduren,  v.  Wirtemberg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Aine-boli,  t.  Natolia,  on  the  Black  sea. 

Aine-ghul,  t.  Natolia,  13  m.  S.  of  AUasheer. 

Aineh-ghul,  t.  Natolia,  30  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  Bursa, 

Ainhour,  t.  Syria,  8  m.  S.  Balbec. 

Ainimoaso,  t.  Wallachia,  N.  W.  of  Tergovitz. 

Ainod,  castle  and  lordship  on  the  river  Gurk  in 
Carniola,  5  m.  N.  W.  Rudolfswerth. 

Ainos,  or  Ainus,  aborigines  of  JesEO  and 
Saghalien,  commonly  called  Wild  Kuriles.  For- 
merly they  were  an  independent  nation,  waging 
wars  with  the  Japanese,  even  so  lately  as  the  17th 
century;  but  have  been  subdued  by  that  nation. 

Ainsa,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  18  m.  N.  Balbas- 
tro. 

Ainsworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire. 

Aintab,  t.  Syria,  40  m.  N.  of  Aleppo,  130  S.  W 
Diarbekir. 

Aintree,  t.  England,  6  m.  from  Liverpool. 

AJo,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Biscay. 

Ajoam,  t.  Persia,  prov.  of  Fars. 

AJos,  isl.  Sweden,  in  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Ajos,  V.  Paraguay,  24  leagues  E.  Assumption. 

Aios  Constantinos,  t.  Candia,  32  m.  S.  E.  Canea 

Aiotitlan,  v.  Mexico,  in  Guadalcixara,  on  the 
Pacific. 

Aiou,  a  group  of  Islands.  Lon.  131°  10'  E. 
Lat.  0°  24'  N. 

Air.     See  Ayr. 

Air,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  S.  W.  Harrisburg.  Pop. 
1,179. 

Airagues,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Rhone,  13^  leagues  N.  W.  of  Aix. 

Airano,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  S.  E.  of  Como. 

Airdrie,  t.  Scotland,  12  m.  E.  of  Glasgow. 

Aire,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Landes,  9  leagues 
N.  N.  E.  of  Pau,  and  22  S.  S.  E.  of  Bordeaux. 

Air,  or  Arien,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Pas  de  Calais, 
13  m.  fr.  St.  Omer. 

Airolo,  Airola,  Ertels,  or  Orient,  v.  Switz.  can- 
to n  of  Ticino,  21  m.  S.  Altorff. 

Airon,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Loire. 

Airlh,  t.  Scotland,  8  m.  fr.  Stirling. 

Airvaux,  or  Airvault,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Deux 
Sevres,  14  leagues  N.  E.  of  Niort.     Pop,  2,070. 

Aisa,  t,  Spain,  in  Arragon,  7  m.  N,  Jaca. 

Aisch,  V.  Bavaria,  12  m.  S.  Bamberg. 

Aise,  r.  France,  joins  the  Orae,  above  Caen. 


A  I  X 

^i^ise.     See  Asse. 

Aiseau,  a  marquisate  and  village  in  the  Neth- 
*?rlands,  3  m.  E.  S.  E.  of  Chatelet 

Ajsedabad,  t.  Persia,  in  the  province  of  Irak,  65 
m.  N.  N.  E.  of  Hamadan. 

Aiska,  t.  Japan,  in  isl.  of  Niphon,  40  m.  S.  E.  of 
Jetsen. 
Aislingen,  t.  Bavaria,  4  m.  S.  of  Dillingen. 
Aismunderli/,  t.  England,   in  Yorkshire,  near 
Rippon.     Pop.  521. 

Aisne,  a  dep.  of  France,  consisting  of  portions  of 
the  Isle  de  France,  Champagne,  and  Picardy. 
Pop.  432,237.    Chief  trade  in  grain. 

Aisne,  or  Aine,  r.  France,  which,  after  a  course 
of  40  leagues,  Unites  with  the  Oise,  near  Com- 
peigne. 
Aistersheim,  t.  in  Upper  Austria,  near  Hag. 
Aiterhofen,  market  t,  Bavaria,  circle  of  the 
Regen,  district  Straubing,  with  100  houses. 

Ailraeh,  v.  in  the  lordship  of  Suabia,  onthelUer, 
7  miles  S.  W.  of  Memmingen.     Pop.  610. 

Aiuda.     There  are  two  villages  of  this  name  in 

Brazil,  one  in  Pernambuco,  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the 

mouth  of  St.  Miguel  r.  the  other  in  Puento  Leguns. 

Ajukzernuck,  t.  ol  Great  Bukharia,  6  miles  N. 

W.  Cogend. 

Aix,  a  small  isl.  France,  near  Rochefort.  Lat. 
46°  5'  N. 

Aix,  city  of  France,  formerly  capital  of  Prov- 
ence, now  in  the  dep.  of  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone. 
It  is  on  a  plain,  N.  of  the  Arc ;  16  leagues  S.  E.  of 
Avignon,  7  N.  of  Marseilles,  and  163  S.  by  E.  of 
Paris.  Pop.  26,900.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in 
France ;  built  120  years  before  the  Christian  era, 
and  received  the  name  of  AqucE  Sextcp,  from  its  fa- 
mous springs.  The  chapel ofNotre Dame  del'Espe- 
rance  is  much  frequented  by  the  pious  Catholics. 
Aix,  t.  in  Savoy,  12  m.  N.  of  Chamberry,  cele- 
brated for  its  warm  baths.  Pop.  1,600.  Lon.  5° 
48'  E.     Lat.  45°  40'  N. 

Aixe,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Upper  Vienne.  Pop. 
2,160.     4  m.  from  Limoges. 

Aix-en-Othe,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Aube.  Pop. 
1,570.     4  leagues  W.  S.  W.  Troyes. 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
the  Lower  Rhine,  between  Juliers  and  Lim- 
burg.  The  French  give  it  the  name  of  Aix- 
la-Chapelle,  from  the  circumstance  of  Char- 
lemagne's having  built  here  a  chapel  appro- 
priated to  a  convent  of  nuns,  and  frequently  re- 
sorted to  for  his  own  devotions.  It  is  divided  into 
the  inner  and  outer  town.  In  1807,  it  had  3,080 
houses,  27,164  inhabitants.  It  was  long  the  fa- 
vourite residence  of  Charlemagne,  and  for  some 
time  the  capital  of  his  empire ;  hence  it  was  long 
customary  to  hold  here  the  coronation  of  the  em- 
perors of  Germ;iny.  Its  baths,  seven  in  number, 
issue  from  five  springs,  and  are  much  celebrated. 
They  are  much  resorted  to  in  time  of  peace.  This 
city  held  the  second  rank  among  the  imperial 
towns  of  Westphalia.  Two  celebrated  treaties  of 
peace  have  here  been  concluded;  one  in  1668 
between  France  and  Spain,  the  other  in  1748  be- 
tween the  different  powers  engaged  in  the  war  of 
the  Austrian  succession.  It  was  entered  by  the 
French  troope  in  1794,  and  remained  in  the  hands 
of  France  till  the  fall  of  Bonaparte,  a  period  of 
20  years,  during  which  it  was  the  capital  of  the 
dep.  of  the  Roer,  and  the  head  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment.  It  now  belongs  to  Prussia.  25  m.  N.  E. 
Liege,  36  S.W.  of  Cologne.  Lon.5°54'E.  Lat. 
"  52' N. 


A  K  K 


33 


II 


Aizenay,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Vendee,  15  leagues 
N.  W.  Fontenoy.     Pop.  3,500. 

Aizey-lc-Duc,  t.  and  barony  of  France,  dep.  ol" 
Cote  d'Or,  9  leagues  N.  W.  of  Dijon. 

Akai,  t.  Japan,  isl.  of  Niphon,  60  m.  S.  W.  of 
IVfeaco. 

Akahike.     See  Akiska. 

Akamapet,  t.  Hindostan,  in  the  Carnatic,  25  m, 
S.  E.  Calastri. 

Akanimina,  t.  on  the  Ivory  Coast  of  Guinea, 
near  cape  ApoUonia,  |ths  of  a  league  from  the 
shoi'e.  The  anchorage  is  good ;  and  gold  dust  and 
ivory  are  procured  here. 

Akara,  t.  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  a  pachalic  of 
Bagdad,  10  m.  S.  E.  Sura. 

Akasaka,  t.  of  Japan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isL 
of  Niphon,  The  houses,  according  to  Kaempfer^ 
are  larger  than  those  even  of  Jeddo  the  capital.  It 
also  contains  some  elegant  inns.  100  m.  E.  Meaco, 
140  W.  S.  W.  Jeddo. 

Akasi,  t.  Japan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl.  of 
Niphon,  intersected  by  a  broad  and  deep  riven 
Here  the  governor  resides. 

Akast,  t.  Arabia,  70  m.  E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Akato,  t.  Japan,  isl.  of  Niphon,  36  m.  W.  of 
Meaco. 

Akbar-abad.    See  Agra. 

Akbar-nagur.     See  Rajemal. 

Akbeik-baba,  t.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia, 
20  m.  N.W.ofEskishehr. 

Akdasch,  t.  of  Persia,  prov.  of  Schirvan,  on  the 
banks  of  Kur.  it  has  300  houses,  30  m.  S.  W.  of 
Schamaghi. 

Akebur,  t.  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Tigris, 
30  m.  N.W.Bagdad. 

Akelo,  t.  in  Romania,  on  the  Black  sea. 

Akermann,  fort,  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on 
the  Black  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Dneister. 
68  m.  S.  W.  of  Oczakow,  65  S.  E.  of  Bender. 
Lon.  31°  14'  E.     Lat.  46°  8'  N. 

Akersloot,  v.  in  Holland.  Pop.  840.  5  m, 
S.  of  Alkmaer. 

Akcrs-Skepslag,  a  maritime  district  of  Sweden, 
in  Upland. 

Akhisar,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Thyatira,  40  m.  S.  E.  of  Pergamo.  Lon, 
27°  49'  E.     Lat.  38°  15'  N. 

Aki,  t.  Japan,  in  the  W.  of  the  isl.  of  Niphon. 

Akili,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the 
Black  sea,  25  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  Constantinople. 

Akiska,  Aghahighe,  or  Ghahig,  province,  A. 
Turkey,  in  Armenia,  on  the  S.  W.  confines  of 
Georgia.  It  is  a  fertile  and  populous  country,  and  its 
mountains  contain  the  richest  minerals.  The 
town  is  open,  and  without  fortifications,  but  has  a 
strong  and  lofty  castle.  Its  inhabitants  al'c  of  various 
nations,  Armenians,  Turks,  Jews,  and  Christians, 
and  carry  on  an  active  trade  with  Battum,  a  port 
on  the  Black  sea,  100  miles  distant.  I3esides 
mosques  it  contains  two  churches  for  the  Chris- 
tians ;  and  the  Jews  have  a  synagogue.  90  m.  N. 
N.  W,  of  Erivan,  100  S.  W.  of  Teffis. 

Akka,  a  station  of  Lower  Suse,  S.  of  Morocco, 
bordering  on  the  desert  of  Sahara.  It  is  the  ren- 
dezvous of  the  caravans  from  all  parts  of  Moroc- 
co, whence  they  proceed  across  the  desert  to  Tom- 
buctoo.     Pop.  10,000,  including  the  vicinity. 

Akkably,  a  station  in  the  district  of  Tuat,  on  the 
caravan  route  between  Gadamis  and  Tombuctoo, 

Akhas,  t.  of  Russia,  in  Finland.  Lon.  23°  39' 
E.     Lat.  61°  11' N. 

Akker,  t.  of  Syria,  pachalic  of  Tripoli,  on  Mount 


24 


ALA 


ALA 


Bargylus,  supposed  to  be  the  Ker  mentioned  in 
scripture.  30  m.  E.  of  Tripoli,  66  N.  W.  of  Da- 
mascus. 

JJkkia,  isl,  in  the  North  sea  near  the  west  coast 
of  E.  Greenland.     Lon.  46°  W.     Lat.  60°  38'  N. 

Akleh,  t.  of  Syria,  on  the  confines  of  the  desert, 
30  m.  S.  E.  of  Aleppo. 

Jllcmetschet,  or  Akmedsgjid,  t.  in  the  plain  of  the 
Crimea,  in  Russian  Taurida,  on  the  galf  of  Ne- 
gropila,  with  a  road  for  vessels. 

Mini,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands. 

Jiko,  t.  of  Japan,  on  the  coast  of  Niphon  isl. 

Akschinsk,  v.  Russian  Tartary,  inDauria,  near 
the  Amur,  on  the  bank  of  the  Onon.  The  fortress 
was  built  in  1756,  and  is  one  of  a  chain  of  posts  on 
this  part  of  the  Russian  fiontier.  Long.  132°  E. 
Lat.  50°  N. 

Akserai,  t.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  has 
150  houses,  60  m.  N.  E  of  Konieh. 

Akshehr,  t.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the 
eastern  base  of  the  mountain  Akshehr,  from  which 
streams  descend  which  form  a  rivulet  in  almost 
every  street.  From  this  town  are  exported  to 
Smyrna  fine  carpets,  wool,  wax,  gum,  tragacanth, 
and  galls.  The  numerous  gardens  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood contain  all  the  fruits  and  legumes  of 
Europe,  besides  many  peculiar  to  the  climate. 
60  m.  S.  S.  E.  Karaliissar. 

Aksheshehr,  t.  AsiaticTurkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the 
Black  sea;  90  m.  E.  of  Constantinople,  Lon.  31° 
10'  E.     Lat.  41°  15'  N. 

Aksicat,  t.  of  Turkestan.  Lon.  66°  30'  E.  Lat. 
42°12'N. 

Aksor,  V.  of  Egypt,  on  part  of  the  site  of  an- 
cient Thebes. 

Msuma,  t.  Turkestan,  60  m.  N.  E.  Taraz. 

Mtala,  t.  Georgia,  70  m.  S.  Tefflis. 

Aktuba,  r.  of  Asiatic  Russia,  issuing  from  the 
Volga,  and  rejoining  it  before  falling  into  the  Cas- 
pian sea.  From  the  abundance  of  mulberry  trees 
on  its  banks,  the  Russians  established  colonies 
here  to  make  silk. 

Akunpore,  t.  Hindostan,  15  m.  E.  S,  E.  Fyza- 
bad. 

Akurla,  t.  Persian  Armenia,  27  m.  S.  S.  E.  Eri- 
van. 

Muian,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands. 

Ala,  market  t.  on  the  Adige,  principality  of 
Trent,  belonging  to  Austria.     Pop.  4,000. 

Alabama,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Ten- 
nessee; E.  by  Georgia;  S.  by  Florida,  and  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico ;  W.  by  Mississippi.  A  large 
portion  of  the  state  still  belongs  to  the  Indians. 
Sq.  miles,  44,000.  Pop.  in  ] 810  less  than  10,000 ; 
in  1816,  29,683 ;  in  1818,  70,495.  Cahawba  is 
the  seat  of  government.  The  land  on  the  coast  is 
low  and  level ;  as  you  proceed  into  the  interior  it 
becomes  hilly,  and  in  the  north  it  is  in  some  places 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  par- 
ticularly on  the  banks  of  the  rivers.  The  lands 
between  the  Tombigbee  and  Alabama  rivers,  are 
among  the  best  in  the  state.  Cotton  is  the  staple 
production,  and  the  great  article  of  export. — 
Blakely  and  Mobile  are  the  principal  ports.  The 
Creek  Indians  occupy  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  state ; 
the  Cherokees,  the  N.  E.  the  Choctaws,  the  S.  W, 
and  the  Chickasaws,  the  N.  W. 

Alabama,  p-t.  Monroe  co.  Alabama,  on  Alaba- 
ma river,  10  m.  below  Fort  Jackson. 

Alabama,  r.  in  the  state  of  Alabama,  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa,  and 
flowing  S.  S.  W.  unites  with  the  Tombigbee  to 
form  Mobile  river  45  miles  from  the  head  of  Mo- 


bile Bay.  From  its  mouth  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Cahawba,  210  miles,  it  has  4  or  5  feet  water ;  and 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Cahawba  to  the  forks  of  the 
Coosa  and  Tallapoosa,  3  feet  in  the  shallowest 
places.  -     Jl 

Alabaster,  or  Eleuthera,  one  of  the  Bahama  isl-    H 
ands,  on  the  great  Bahama  bank.     The  climate  is      i 
healthy.     It  produces  pine-apples  for  exportation. 
There  is  a  small  fort  and  garrison  on  tlie  island. 
Lon.  76°  22'  to  76°  56'  W.     Lat.  24°  40'  to  26° 
30' N. 

Alach,  a  bailiwick,  Germany,  in  Erfurt,  has  13 
villages,  9  of  which  are  Lutheran. 

Alachua  Savannah,  in  E.  Florida,  75  m.  W.  St. 
Augustine,  50  miles  in  circumference,  without  a 
tree  or  bush,  but  is  encircled  with  hills,  covered 
with  forests,  and  orange  groves,  on  a  very  rich  soil. 
The  ancient  Alachua  Indian  town  stood  on  the 
borders  of  this  savannah ;  but  the  Indians  remov- 
ed to  Cuscowilla,  two  miles  distant,  on  account  of 
the  unhealthiness  of  the  former  site. 

Alacranes,  a  long  range  of  hidden  rocks,  shoals, 
and  banks,  S.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite 
the  coast  of  Yucatan,  east  from  Stone  Bank,  and 
west  from  Cape  St.  Antonio.  N.  Lat.  23°,  bet. 
89°  and  91°  W.  Long.  Navigators  pass  round 
them,  though  there  are  some  good  channels  and 
soundings. 

Aladjiam,  t.  in  Natolia,  on  the  Black  sea.  Lat. 
41°  40'  N. 

Aladine  Islands,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  near  the 
coast  of  Siam,  extending  from  9°  5'  to  9°  40'  N. 
Lat. 

Aladulia,  prov.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  N.  of  Syria 
and  the  Mediterranean,  and  E.  of  Caramania; 
principal  towns,  Adana,  Marasch,  and  Malatia. 

Alaflaro,  t.  of  Russia,  in  Finland,  34  m.  N.  N. 
E.  of  Abo. 

Alagao,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  St.  Michael's,  the 
largest  of  the  Azores,  8  m.  E.  of  Delgada. 

Alajarvi,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  circle  of  Wasa, 
from  which  town  it  is  distant  60  m.  to  the  E. 
Lon.  2.3°  41'  E.     Lat.  62°  39'  N. 

Alaid,  a  lofty  peak,  in  the  sea  of  Okhotsk,  which  ^ 
first  began  to  emit  smoke  in  1790,  and  blazed  vio- 
lently in  1793 ;  20  m.  N.  W.  of  Cape  Lopatka. 

Alairac,  t.  of  France,  in  dep.  of  the  Aude ;  has 
80  houses. 

Alais,  Alets,  or  Ales,  a  populous  t.  in  France,  dep. 
of  the  Gard,  13i  leagues  N.  Montpelier ;  trades  in 
grain,  olives,  oil,  wine,  silk,  and  in  the  manufac- 
tures of  its  territory.  Pop.  80,000.  Lon.  4°  E. 
Lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Alaku,  t.  Persia,  in  the  prov.  of  Azerbijan,  50 
m.  N.  W.  of  Tabris. 

Alam,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Upper  Garonne ;  hous- 
es about  100 ;  7  leagues  N.  E.  St.  Bertrand. 

Alamagan,  or  Conception  Islajid,  one  of  the 
Ladrones,  18  m.  in  circuit.     Lat.  18°  10'  N. 

Alamos  real  de  los,  v.  of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  S. 
E.  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  surrounded  by  rich  silver 
mines. 

Alan,  Point,  or  Cape,  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
gulf  of  Georgia.     Lon.  237°  54' E.   Lat.  48°  2' N. 

Alanche,  t.  of  France,  dep.  of  the  Cantal.  Pop. 
2,500.     4  leagues  W.  S.  W.  of  Mercosur. 

Aland,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  point  of  meet- 
ing of  the  gulfs  of  Bothnia  and  Finland,  between 
the  coasts  of  Finland  and  Upland  in  Sweden,  is  40 
m.  long,  30  broad;  has  8  par-ishes,  and  11,260  in- 
habitants ;  and  was  ceded  to  Russia,  1809.  Lon, 
20°  E.     Lat.  60°  18'  N. 

Alangi,  city,  province  of  Veraguay. 


ALB 

Alanieh,  t.  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  site  of  tlie 
Sncient  Coracesium,  in  Cilicia.  In  this  poi'1  pi- 
rates were  shut  up  by  Pompey  and  compelled  to 
iurrender ;  110  m.  S.  S.  W.  of  Konieh,  Lon.  21° 
29' E.     Lat.  36°34'N. 

Mapacw,  t.  Asiatic  Russia,  the  capital  of  the 
^v.  of  Perm.  Pop.  1,000.  80  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Ekaterinbur-.     Lon.  61°  14'  E.     Lat.  56°  N, 

Alara,  t.  isl.  of  Majorca,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Palma. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Alarcow,  t.  Spain,  New  Castile,  on  a  rock,  42 
leagues  S.  B.  Madrid,  has  200  houses. 

Aim,  t.  W.  coast  o{  Sumatra.  Lon.  102°  35' 
E.     Lat.  4°  15'  N. 

Alasey  Mountains.)  a  ridge  in  Asiatic  Russia, 
which  divides  the  sources  of  Omecon  and  Kovima 
rivers,  and  terminates  on  the  Frozen  ocean. 

Alassac,  or  Alassoc,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Cor- 
reze,  12  m.  W.  Tulle.     Pop,  3,160. 

Alass  Strait,  between  the  islands  of  Lomboc 
and  Sumbawa  in  the  Eastern  sea. 

Alata,  V.  of  Mahometans,  on  the  Abyssinian 
Nile,  near  its  source.  Near  it  is  the  third  cataract 
on  the  river,  which  is  of  extraordinary  gi'andeur. 
35  m.  S.  S.  W.  Gondar. 

Alatamaha,  r.  Georgia ;  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Oconee  and  Oakmulgee.  It  runs  S.  E.  and 
empties  into  the  Atlantic  by  several  mouths,  be- 
tween Sapelo  and  St.  Simond's  islands,  60  miles 
S.  W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
30  tons,  as  far  as  Milledgevillc  on  the  Oconee 
branch,  300  miles  from  the  ocean.  The  bar  at 
the  mouth  has  14  feet  at  low  water. 

Alatri,  t.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  the  Church,  on 
H  hill,  40  m.  E.  S.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13°  14'  E.  Lat. 
41°  43'  N. 

Alatyr,  t.  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Sin- 
birsk,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Alatyr  with  the 
Sura;  102  m.  from  Sinbirsk.  Lon.  46°  14'  E. 
Lat.  54°  45'  N. 

Alata,  one  of  the  three  subdivisions  of  Biscay. 

Alava,  the  S.  point  of  the  isl.  Revilla  Gigedo,  in 
the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  228°  59'  E.  Lat.  35° 
6'N. 

Alavieska,  t  Sweden,  in  E.  Bothnia,  30  m.  S. 
Brahestad.    Lon.  24°  13'  E.     Lat.  64°  10'  N. 

Alaro,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  60  m.  S.  E.  Wa- 
sa.     Lon.  23°  26'  E.     Lat.  62°  35'  N. 

Alauch,  t.  France,  dep.  of  mouths  of  the  Rhone, 
5  m.  N.  E.  Marseilles. 

Alausi,  province  of  Quito,  S.  America,  moun- 
taunous,  but  pleasant  and  fertile. 

Alausi,  ca)).  of  the  above  province.  It  manu- 
factures cloths,  baizes,  and  cotton  garments.  Lon. 
78°39'W.    Lat.  2°  12' N. 

Alausi,  r.  of  Quito,  S.  America,  flows  down  the 
W.  side  of  the  Cordilleras,  into  the  bay  of  Quay, 
aquil. 

Alai/or,  chief  t.  in  a  district  of  the  isl.  Minorca, 
i3  m.  from  Mahon, 

Alazeia,  or  Alazey,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the 
Frozen  ocean.     Lon.  142°  14'  E,     Lat.  72°  40'  N. 

Alasieskoi,  settlement,  Siberia,  on  Alasey  river, 
50  m.  W.  N.  W.  Nischney  Kovinskoi.  Lon.  144°  14' 
E.  Lat.  69°  40'  N.  About  66  miles  distant,  the 
river,  in  washing  away  the  banks,  exposed  the 
remains  of  a  mammoth. 

Alb,  r.  Germany,  falls  into  the  Rhine,  5  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Durlach, 

Alb,  r.  Suabia,  empties  into  the  Rhine  at  Muhl- 
berg. 

Alba,  t,  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  Tsparo  r.    Pop. 


ALB 


25 


9,650.     18  m.  S.  E.  Turin.    Lon.  1^  50'  E.    Lat. 
44°  40'  N. 

Alba,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  17  ni.  S.  A. 
quila. 

Albacete,  or  Cetide,  trading  t.  Spain,  in  a  plain, 
in  Murcia.  Pop.  7  or  8,000.  The  value  of  the 
saffron  yearly  is  between  6  and  7,000/.  Here 
corn  and  oil  are  raised ;  and  a  cattle  market  is 
held.  80  m.  S.  W.  Valencia.  Lon.  2°  2'  W. 
Lat.  38°  51'  N. 

Albacina,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Marca  d'Arcona,  10 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Talentino. 

Alback,  t.  Kurdistan,  50  m.  S.  S.  E.  Van,  110  S. 
W.  Tabriz. 

Albaladejo,  t.  Spain,  province  of  Cuenca,  18  ni. 
S.  Cuenca. 

Albalale,  co.  Spain,  in  Valencia. 

Alban,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Tarn,  16  m.  E. 
Alby. 

Albanasir.     See  Albarrasin. 

Albania,  a  large  province,  in  European 
Turkey,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Adriatic  and  the 
Ionian  sea.  It  comprehends  ancient  Illyria  and 
Epirus.  It  is  135  miles  long,  and  70  to  90  in 
breadth.  It  yields  wine,  oil,  and  corn,  and  the 
mountains  are  covered  with  forests.  Opposite  the 
coast  are  the  Ionian  Isles. 

Alhanilicorio,  t.  isl.  Samos,  9  m.  W.  Cora. 

Albano,  t.  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on  Seris  r.  5  m. 
E.  Bergamo. 

Albano,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  4  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Ostuni. 

Albano,  t.  Italy,  Campagnadi  Roma,  resorted  to 
on  pleasure  excursions  by  the  inliabitants  of 
Rome,  in  spring  and  harvest.  The  country  i? 
appropriate  to  the  culture  of  the  vine.  Here,  is 
an  aqueduct  of  the  Romans  to  carry  off"  the  wa- 
ter of  the  Lake.  In  this  neighbourhood  was  the 
combat  between  the  Horatii  and  Curiatii.  14  m, 
S.  S.  E.  Rome. 

Albanopolis,  or  Albanopoli,  t.  of  Turkey,  on  Dri- 
no  r.  in  Albania,  43  m.  E.  Alesio. 

Albany,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  18  m.  N.  W^.  Paris. 
Pop.  165. 

Albany,  p-t.  Orleafts  co.  Vt.  40  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Montpelier. 

Albany,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson  r.  Pop.  34,661. 
Chief  t.  Albany. 

Albany,  city,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  bank  of 
the  Hudson,  160  m.  N.  of  New- York ;  30  N.  of 
Hudson;  170  W.  of  Boston,  and  230  S.  of  Mon- 
treal. Pop.  9,356.  It  is  the  seat  of  government, 
and  in  population,  wealth,  and  commerce,  the 
second  city  in  the  state.  It  is  finely  situated  for 
commerce,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation  on  the 
Hudson,  and  the  canals  now  in  progress  will  soon 
connect  it  with  Lake  Champlain  and  Lake  Erie. 
The  city  is  supplied  with  excellent  water  from  a 
spring  5  miles  distant,  by  an  aqueduct  which  con- 
veys it  to  every  house.  Among  the  public  build- 
ings are  a  stone  state  house,  and  an  elegant  acade- 
my of  red  free  stone,  ^  jail,  4  banks,  and  11  houses 
for  public  worship.  A  large  portion  of  the  inliabi- 
tants are  of  Dutch  origin. 

Albany,  t.  Berlts  co.  Pa.  E.  Harrisburg.  Pop. 
995. 

Albany,  r.  North  America,  which  falls  into 
James'  bay,  lon.  84°  30'  W.  lat.  51°  30'  N.  runs 
N.  E.  through  a  chain  of  small  lakes,  from  the  S. 
end  of  Winnipeg  lake.  The  British  fort  is  on  the 
river,  in  lon.  87°  20'  W.     Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Albarojda,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  15  m.  S,  F. 
Verona, 


26 


ALB 


ALB 


Albaretlo,  t.  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  subject  to  the 
king  of  Sardinia. 

Albaricoques,  Point  of  the,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
tlie  isl.  St.  Domingo,  between  the  Trau  d'Enfers 
and  Cape  Bourbon. 

Albaroux,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Vaucluse.  Pop. 
800. 

Aibarrasin^  t.  Spain,  province  of  Arragon,  on 
the  Guadalaviar,  environed  by  hills,  and  on  the 
frontiers  of  Valencia  and  of  New  Castile.  Pop. 
1,800.  It  has  some  iron  works;  fine  Arragon 
wool  is  produced  in  its  environs.  5  leagues  W. 
Teruel,  100  E.  Madrid.  Lon.  1°  20'  W.  Lat. 
40°34'N. 

Albarregas,  r.  S.  America,  New  Granada,  de- 
scends from  the  mountains  of  Bogota,  and  runs  into 
the  lake  Maracaibo. 

,    Albas,  t,  France,  dep.  of  the  Lot,  9  m.  W.  Ca- 
hors. 

Albasano,  t.  European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  45 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Durazzo,  130  S.  W.  Sophia.  Lon.  20° 
15'E.    Lat  41°  30' N. 

A'bafross,  Pomf,  New  Zealand.  Lon.  184°  42' 
W.    Lat.  38°  4' S. 

Albatross,  Isl.  on  the  N.  of  Van  Diemen's  land. 
Lon,  144°  41'  E.     Lat.  40°  25'  S. 

Albaxen,  v.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
the  Lower  Rhine,  3  m.  N.  Corvey. 

Albay,  t.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  isle  of  Lucon. 
Lon.  123°  50'  E.     Lat.  13°  17'  N. 

Albay,  a  volcanic  mountain  in  the  isl.  Lucon, 
subject  to  frequent  eruptions ;  one  in  1814,  laid 
waste  the  province,  and  destroyed  thousands  of 
the  inhabitants. 

Albayda,  or  Alvelda,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  6 
m.  from  Lograno 

Albazin,  or  Jacsa,  fort  on  the  N.  side  of  Amur 
r.  now  demolished.    Lat.  53°  N. 

Albe,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  15  m.  S.  A- 
quila. 

Albe,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Sarre,  at  Sarre- 
alb,  dep.  of  the  Moselle. 

Albe,  r.  Hanover,  principality  of  Luneburg, 
falls  into  tlie  AUer,  near  Rethem. 

Albccuj  t.  Spain,  in  (Catalonia,  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Lerida. 

Albeck,  t  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg,  5  m.  N.  E. 
Ulm. 

Albegna,  r.  Middle  Italy,  runs  into  lake  Orbi- 
tello,  by  a  canal. 

Albekirk,  t.  Holland,  4  m.  S.  W.  Medemblick. 

Albell,  r.  Switzerland,  canton  of  the  Grisons, 
Joins  a  branch  of  the  Rhine  near  Furstenau. 

Albemarle,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Normandy,  now 
commonly  called  Auynale. 

Albemarle,  co.  Va.  near  the  centre  of  the  state. 
Chief  t.  Charlottesville.     Fop.  18,268. 

Albemarle  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  is  60  miles  long  from 
E.  to  W.  and  from  4  to  15  wide.  It  receives  the 
Chowan,  Roanoke,  and  several  smaller  rivers.  It 
communicates  with  Pamlico  bound  and  the  Ocean 
by  several  narrow  inlete,  and  with  Chesapeake 
bay  by  a  canal  cut  through  Dismal  Swamp. 

Alben,  market  t.  Carniola,  in  the  circle  of  Adels- 
burg,  2  m.  N.  W.  Czirknitz,  on  a  mountain. 

Albcnga,  or  Albengua,  i.  on  the  coast  of  Genoa, 
30  m.  S\  W.  Genoa. 

Albenque,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Lot,  the  head 
of  a  canton,  8  leagues  N.  N.  E.  Montauban.  Pop. 
3,920. 

Albenreuth,  Old  and  Jfexc,  villages,  in  Bavaria. 
Here  are  mines  of  cobalt  and  iron  works. 


Alberche,  r.  Spain,  province  of  Toledo,  falls  into 
the  Tagus  a  little  above  Talavera  de  la  Reyne. 
On  its  banks  a  battle  was  fought  by  lord  Welling- 
ton in  1809. 

Alberone,  t.  Naples,  province  of  Capitauata^  8 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Volturara.  *♦ 

Alberri,  inlet  of  N.  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  S.  W. 
coast  of  Quadra  and  Vancouver  islands.  Lon.  235*^ 
25'  E.  Lat.  49°  N. 

Alberschwende,  or  Alberschwerde,  v.  Austrian 
empire,  Bregentz  co.     Pop.  1,000. 

'Alberstroff,  t.  France,  in  Lorrainfe,  95  leagues 
E.  S.  E.  ofMetz. 

Albertshausen,  v.  Bavaria,  principality  of 
Wurtzburg,  6  m.  fr.  Wurtzburg. 

Alberishofen,  v.  Bavaria,  principality  of  Wurtz- 
burg, on  the  Maine,  2  m.  fr.  Kitzingen. 

Albessti,  market  t.  Walachia,  10  m.  N.  E.  Bu- 
charest, 

Albi,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  6  m.  W. 
Celano. 

Albi,  or  Alvie,  t.  Savoy,  district  of  Genevois,  7 
leagues  N.  Chamberry. 

Albiani,  s-p.  Guinea,  on  the  Ivory  coast 

Albiania  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  the 
isl.  of  Cyprus.  Lon.  32°  18'  E.  Lat.  35°  10' 
N. 

Albias,  V.  France,  2h  leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  Mon- 
tauban. 

Albin,  or  Aubin,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Avey- 
ron.     Pop.    3,150.     8  leagues  N.  W.  Rhodez. 

Albino,  V.  Italy,  in  tlie  Lombardo- Venetian 
kingdom,  district  of  Bergamasco. 

Albion,  a  name  given  to  Great  Britain. 

Albirshausen,  or  Albershansen,,  v.  Wirtemburg, 
baliwick  of  Goppingen.     Pop.  740. 

Albis,  t.  Switzerland,  3  m.  S.  W,  Zurich. 

Albisheim,  v.  Germany,  duchy  of  Nassau.  Pop. 
C50. 

Albisola,  v.  Italy,  5  m.  N.  W,  of  Savona. 

Alblasserdamm,  v.  S.  Holland,  at  the  entrance  of 
Alblass  r.  into  the  sea.     Pop.  21,00. 

Albli7igen,  V.  Switzerland,  canton  of  Fribourg, 
at  the  conflux  of  the  Schwarzwassenandthe  Sense. 

Albona  or  Alrona,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  Istria, 
in  the  gulf  of  Carnero,  on  a  rising  ground  near 
the  mouth  of  Arsa  r.  16  m.  E.  Rovigno. 

Albonnal,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  18  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Motril. 

Albor,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve, 
3  m.  E.  Lagos. 

Albor,  isl.  N.  Atlantic  ocean,  one  of  the  Baha- 
mas, between  Neque  and  St.  Salvador. 

Alboran,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  bet.  Capode 
Gata  in  Spain,  and  Capode  Tres  Forcas  in  Africa. 

Alboran,  isl.  N.  Africa,  near  Melilla,  on  the 
coast  of  Fez.     Lon.  2°  32'  W.  Lat.  36°  N, 

Albourn,  t,  and  parish,  Eng.  Wiltshire,  on  a  riv- 
er running  into  the  Kennet.  Pop.  1,260.  7  m.  fr. 
Marlborough,  73  fr.  London. 

Albouzeme,,  s-p.  Morocco,  near  its  E.  frontiers. 
Lon.  2°  54'  E.  Lat.  35°  10'  N. 

Albraham,  t.  En?.  Chester  co.  near  the  canal, 
14  m.  fr.  Chester.  'Pop.  333. 

Albrechtaw,  t.  Prussia,  prov.of  Oberland,  20  m. 
E.  Marienwerder. 

Albrechis,  Alberts,  or  Andemcrs,  v.  Henneberg 
CO.     Pop.  740.    2  m.  N.   Suhlara. 

Albreda,  v.  W.  Africa  on  the  Gambia,  kingdom 
of  Barra,  where  the  French  have  a  factory.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Albert  or  Lebret,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Landes, 
Pop.  1,000. 


A  L  C 


A  L  C 


Albrighton,  hamlet,  Eng.  Salop  co.  4  m.  ir. 
Shrewsbury. 

Albrights,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

Albesee,  lake  near  the  castle  of  Hohen-Schwan- 
gau,  Bavaria,  on  the  confines  of  the  Tyrol. 

Albufeira,  t.  Portugal,  prov.  Algarve,  on  the  S. 
coast,  bet.  Faro  and  Lagos.  Pop.  l,90Ci,  12  m. 
E.  Villa-Nova  de  Portimao. 

Albufera,  a  salt-water  lalce  S.  of  Valencia,  in 
Spain,  the  overflowings  of  the  sea.  It  supplies  Va- 
lencia with  fish. 

Albuglet,  V.  Egypt,  on  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Nile,  10  m.  S.  Damietta. 

Albuhat,  t.  Egypt,  near  lake  Menzaleh,  56  m. 
S.  E.  Damietta. 

Albula,  or  Albach,  r.  Switzerland,  canton  of  the 
Orisons,  falls  into  the  Rhine  near  Tussis. 

Albumu:las,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  12  m.  E. 
Alhama. 

Albuola,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  8  m.  S.  Polenza. 

Albuquerque,  t.  castle,  and  domain,  in  Spanish 
Estremadura,  on  the  frontiers  of  Portugal,  bet. 
Elvas  and  Alcantara.     Pop.  5,500.   20  m.  N.  Ba- 


Albuquerque,  t.  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  del 
Norte.     Pop.  6,000. 

Albuquerque,  Santa  Rosa  de,  v.  Mexico,  where 
the  duties  on  the  silver  mines  of  the  district  of  Co- 
lotlan  are  paid. 

Alburg,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry.  Grand  Isle  co. 
Vt.  40  m.  N.  BurUngton.     Pop.  1,106. 

Alby,  or  AM,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Tarn.  Pop. 
9,860  ;  on  the  left  bank  of  Tarn  r.  12  leagues  S. 
W.  Rhodez,  and  15  N,  E.  Toulouse.  On  the  side 
next  Montauban  is  the  village  Chateauvieux,  one 
of  the  suburbs.  The  promenade,  La  Lice,  is  very 
beautiful.  The  archiepiscopal  palace  on  the 
banks  of  the  Tarn,  affords  an  extensive  prospect. 
The  organ  of  the  cathedral  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
France.  The  manufactures  are  linen  and  wool- 
Jen  stuffs,  baize,  and  serge.  Lon.  2°  13'  E.  Lat. 
43°  55'  N. 

Alby,  V.  Eng.  York  co.  the  Roman  Derventcs  ; 
10  m,  N.  E.  York. 

Alcacar  de  Guete,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20 
m.  fr.  Cuenca. 

Alcacar  de  San  Juan,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
43  m.  S.  E.  Toledo. 

A/cacer-do-Sal,  L  Portuguese  Estremadura,  on 
Caldao  r.  38  m.  S.  E.  Lisbon.  Lon.  8°  22'  W. 
Lat.  38°  22'  N. 

Alcacovas  (As)  t.  Portugal,  in  Alenteio,  14  m.  S. 
W.  Evora. 

Alcala  de  Gisvert,  or  Xibert,  t.  Spain,  in  Valen- 
cia, 15  leagues  fr.  Murviedro.     Pop.  3,600. 

Alcala  de  Guadayra,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  12 
ai.  N,  E.  Seville. 

Alcala  de  Henares,  t.  Spain,  in  Toledo,  15  m.  E. 
of  Madrid.  Pop.  5,000.  It  contains  3  parish 
churches,  28  cloisters  for  both  sexes,  4  hospitals, 
and  a  university  of  24  colleges,  founded  by  cardi- 
nal Ximenes,  in  1499.  After  Salamanca,  it  was 
the  seminar)'  in  greatest  repute  in  Spain.  That 
splendid  edition  of  the  Bible,  The  Biblia  Complu- 
tensia,  so  called,  from  Complutum,  the  ancient 
name  of  this  town,  was  put  to  press  in  1512,  and 
completed  in  1517. 

Alcala  de  los  Gazules,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Medina  Sidonia, 

Alcala  del  Rio,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the 
Guadalquivcr,  6  m.  above  Seville. 

Alcala  la  Real,  t.  Spain,  on  a  high  elevation  in 
Andalusia,  9  leagues  fr.  Jaen.    It  contains  a.  rich 


abbey.  Pop.  8,000  or  9,000.  Lon.  4°  10'  W.  Lat. 
37°  43'  N. 

Alcamo,  t.  and  co.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Mazza- 
ra,  1  league  fr.  the  gulf  Castele-a-Mure,  25  m.  S. 
W.  Palermo. 

Alcanede,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  19  m.  S. 
W.  Thomar. 

Alcaniz,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Guada- 
loupe,  46  m.  S.  E.  Saragossa. 

Alcanizas,  v.  Spain,  in  Lfeon,  27  m.  W.  Zamora. 

Alcantara,  t.  Alcantard,  a  district  in  Spanish 
Estremadura,  on  the  Tagus,  which  is  here  cross- 
ed by  an  old  Roman  stone  bridge.  Its  walls,  bas- 
tions, and  other  works,  are  kept  with  care,  as  it  is 
a  frontier  town.  The  trade  is  in  wool  and  cloth. 
Pop.  3,000.  130  m.  W.  S.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  6° 
43'  W.  Lat.  39°  40'  N. 

Alcantara,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Tagus,  near  Lisbon.  It  hasa  royal  palace,  with 
beautiful  gardens,  grottos,  and  artificial  fountains. 

Alcantara,  or  Alcantarilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville, 
near  Guadalquiver  r.  The  Roman  bridge  across 
the  marshes  formed  by  the  river,  is  still  remain- 
ing. It  was  shut  in  at  each  side  with  a  gate,  over 
which  was  a  tower.     14  m.  S.  Seville. 

Alcantara,  t.  Brazil,  in  Maranham,  on  the  bay 
St.  Marcos,  opposite  the  isl.  Mai'anham.  It  is  a 
thriving  place,  and  its  importance  increases  rap- 
idly, as  the  lands  in  the  neighbourhood  are  in  re- 
quest for  cotton  plantations.  It  has  a  stone  quay 
for  small  craft. 

Alcantarca,  S.  Antonio  de,  t.  Brazil,  in  Mar- 
anham ;  also,  a  village  in  Chili. 

Alcantarilla,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algarva,  15  m.  E. 
Villa  Nova  de  Portimao. 

Alcaraceios,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Guad'alquiver. 

Alcarai,  r.  Buenos  Ayres,  S.  America,  falls  into 
the  Plata. 

Alcaras,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  on  a  mountain 
in  the  Campo  di  Montiel,  near  the  source  of  the 
Guadamena.  Pop.  3,300.  54  m.  E.  Ciudad 
Real,  105  S.  S.  E.Madrid. 

Alcaras,  v.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  2  leagues  fr. 
Lerida. 

Alcaria,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  9  m.  E.  Vittoria. 

Alcat races,  isl.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  102°  30'  W« 
Lat.  16°  3'  N. 

Alcatraces,  isl.  1  of  the  islands  N.  of  St.  Domingo. 

Alcatras,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  S.  of  the 
Rio  Grande.     Lon.  14°  20'  W.  Lat.  10°  5'  N. 

Alcaudete,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  8  leagues  E. 
S.  E.  of  Cordova,  and  9  W  Jaen. 

Alcazar  Sequer,  t.  Morocco,  W.  Ceuta, 

Alcazar-quiher,  t.  Morocco,  on  Sucos  r.  20  m. 
fr.  the  sea  ;  the  spot  where  Don  Sebastian  lost  his 
life,  in  his  expedition  against  the  Moors. 

Alcester,  or  Alncester,  t.  Eng.  Warwick  co.  at 
confluence  of  the  Aln  and  Arrow,  engaged  in 
needle  making.  Pop.  1,862.  8.  m.  N.  W  Strat- 
ford on  Avon,  102  N.  W.  London. 

Alchaphah,  mountain  of  Syria,  18  m.  W.  Anta- 
kia. 

Alcken,  V.  Prussian  gi-and  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Moselle.  Pop.  275.  9  m.  S.  W. 
Coblentz. 

Alckmaer,  or  Alckmaar,  chief  t.  N.  Holland.  Pop, 
10,000.  They  trade  in  corn,  cheese,  butter,  flow- 
er-roots, and  seeds.  A  canal  leads  through  it  to 
unite  the  Zuyderzee  with  the  North  sea.  24  m. 
N.N.  W.  Amsterdam. 

Akmaa;  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  neir  the  coast o^ 
Java, 


38 


A  L  D 


x\  L  E 


Alcniaer,  isl.  South  Pacific,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
New  Guinea.    Lon.  133°  46'  E.  Lat.  3°  53'  S. 

Akoa,  r.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  flows  into 
the  Atlantic. 

Alcobaca,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  near  the 
sea,  17  m.  S.  S.  W,  Leiria, 

AlcGcer,  t.  Spain,  province  of  La  Mancha. 
Akoentre,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  17  m.  S. 
W.  Santarem. 

Alcohete,  t.  with  a  castle,  Portuguese  Estrema- 
dura, on  the  Tagus,  opposite  Lisbon. 

AkoleUy  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Guadal- 
quiver,  6  m.  N.  of  Carmona  ;  also,  a  place  on  the 
Cinca,  in  Arragon,  15  m.  S.Balbastro. 

Akomicem,  or  Akorucen,  t.  Spain,  province  of 
Granada. 

Akonbury-Weston,  t,  Eng.  Huntingdon  co.  Pop. 
288.     63  m,  fr.  London. 

Akonckel,  fort  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on 
the  Alcaraque,  12  m.  S.  Olivenza. 

Akora,  t,  Spain,  in  Valencia,  near  the  sea  and 
the  river  Mijares.  Here  are  the  best  manufac- 
tures of  earthen  ware  in  the  kingdom. 

Akorcon,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  2  leagues  fr. 
Madrid. 

Akoroches,  v.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
ofCuenca. 

Akovendtty  v.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  10  m.  N. 
Madrid. 

Akoutini,  t.  and  castle,  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Alentejo.  Pop.  1,000.  20  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Tavira.  Lon.  7°  24'  W.  Lat.  37°  26'  N. 
Akoi/f  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  with  manufactures 
of  cloth,  soap,  and  paper.  It  has  fruitful  environs. 
Pop.  10,000.     20  m.  N.  Alicante. 

Akudia,  t,  in  theN.  E.  part  of  the  isl.  of  Major- 
ca, opposite  to  Minorca.     Pop.  1,000. 

Akudia  de  Carkf,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia.  Pop. 
2,000.     5  leagues  S.  Valencia. 

AkuezoTj  t.  Spain,  in  the  province  of  Arragon, 
12  m.  N.  Balbastro. 
Aid,  r.  England,  Suffolk  co. 
Aldan,  r.  Siberia,  rises  on  the  confines  of  China, 
and  joins  the  Lena  in  lon.  128°  20'  E.  lat.  63»  25' 
N.  On  its  banks  in  Yakutzk,  the  finest  sables  are 
obtained. 

Aldborough,  s-p.  Eng.  Suffolk  co,  on  the  Aid, 
with  a  quay  for  fishing  vessels.  Pop.  1,067.  3  m. 
fr.  Oxford,  94  fr.  London. 

Aldborough,  or  Aldbrough,  t.  Eng.  North  Riding 
of  Yorkshire.     Pop.  461.     7  m.  fr.  Richmond. 

Aldborough,  t  Eng.  West  Riding  of  Yorksliire, 
on  the  Ouse,  the  Roman  Isurium  Briganitium  ; 
Roman  antiqtiities  are  still  discovered  here.  Pop. 
464.     1  m.  fr.  Boroughbridgc,  208  fr.  London. 

Aldborough,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up,  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

Aldburi/,  V.  and  parish  of  Eng.  Hertfordshire, 
Pop.  566. 

Aide,  or  Olde,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lon. 
5°  10'  E,  Lat.  61°  25'  N. 

Aldea  de  Araguria,  t,  Brazil,  government  of 
Goyas,  on  the  Toccantins.  Lon.  49°  46'  W.  Lat. 
10°  20'  S. 

Aldea  de  Carajas,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  Negro,  170 
m.  W.  Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Aldea  de  Curua-ram.  t.  Brazil,  government  of 
Goyas.     Lon.  52°  51'  \V.  Lat.  12"  10'  S, 

Aldea  del  Espiritu  Santo,  v.  Brazil,  province  of 
Todos  Santos,  at  the  mouth  of  Joana  r. ;  also,  a 
village  in  Seregippe,  at  the  entrance  of  Real  r. 
Aldea  dos  Indios,  t.  Brazil,  10  m.  S.  Ilheos. 
Aldea  el  Mu/v,  or  Aldea  del  Pcco.  t.  Spain  in  Old 


Castiie,  the  Augustobriga  of  Ptolemy,  6  m.  E 
Soria, 

Aldea  J^ueva,  v.  Spain  on  the  Ambroz.  Pop.  1,500 ; 
a  few  leagues  from  Placenzia. 

Aldea  JVuera,  v.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  district 
of  Rioga, 

Aldea  de  Panuco,  t  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  255  m,  N. 
Villa  Boa, 

Aldea  del  Rio,  v,  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  4  leagues 
from  Anduxar. 

Aldea  de  Sahante  de  Cux,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas. 
300  m.  N,  Villa  Boa. 

Aldea  de  Tapuyas,  t.  Brazil,  300  m.  S.  W,  St. 
Salvador. 

Aldego,  r.  Upper  Italy,  runs  into  the  Adige,  bet. 
Zerpano  and  Albaredo. 

Aldekerk,  v.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine.  Pop.  600,  It  has  manufactures  of  silk, 
ribbons,  linens,  and  other  stuffs. 

Aldenah,  t%  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  20  m.  S,  Cologne,  30  N.  W.  Coblentz. 

Aldenberg,  t.  Prussia,  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  12  m,  N.  E,  Cologne. 

Aldenburg,  t,  Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt  Bern- 
burg,  4  ni,  N.  Bernburg. 

Aldenham,  v.  and  parish,  Eng.  Hertfordshire, 
1  m.  E.  of  the  Cohae.  Pop.  1,015.  2  m.  N.  E. 
Watfoi-d. 

Aldenhoren,  t.  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine. 
Pop.  1 ,050.     3  m.  W.  S.  W.  Juliers. 

Alderburgh,  t.  Eng,  Wiltshire,  near  the  Avon 
and  Salisbury  canal.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  fus- 
tian. Pop.  448.  3  m.  fr.  Salisbury,  77  fr,  Lon- 
don. 

Alderholm,  isl.  Sweden,  in  Norrland,  formed  by 
three  branches  of  Gefle  r.     80  m.  N,  Stockholm. 

Alderley  Superior  and  Alderley  Inferior,  two 
townships  Eng.  Cheshire.  Pop.  985.  5  m.  from 
Macclesfield,  172  fr,  London, 

Aldemey,  isl,  of  Great  Britain  in  the  English 
channel,  7  m,  fr.  Cape  la  Hogue,  in  Normandy 
The  intermediate  channel,  called  the  Race  of  Al- 
derney,  is  of  dangerous  navigation  in  stormj- 
weather.  The  island  forms  part  of  a  chain  extend- 
ing to  the  Caskets,  whereon  a  light-house  has  been 
erected  lately.  Pop,  1,300,  18  m.  N.  E.  Guern- 
sey. 

Aldei-ney,  J^Tew.     See  Ourry''s  Island. 

Aldershott,  hamlet,  Eng.  Southampton  co.  3  m. 
fr.  Farnham,  41  fr.  London.     Pop.  498, 

Alde.ya  de  Aialha,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  5  m. 
S.  of  Arronches. 

Aldeya  Gallega,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  on 
the  Tagus,  opposite  Lisbon. 

Aldeya  Gallega  dt  Merciana,  t.  Portuguese  Es- 
tremadura, district  of  Alanguer. 

Aldford,  t.  Eng.  Cheshire.  Pop.  391.  6.  m.  fr. 
Chester,  174  fr.  London. 

Aldie,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  35  m.  N.  W.  Wash- 
ington. 

Aldingen,  t.  Wirtemburg.     Pop.  900. 

Aldingen  on  the  Baar,  v.  in  the  kingdom  of  Wir- 
temberg,  5  m.  E.  N.  E.   Stutgard, 

Aldoma,  r.  Siberia,  falls  into  the  sea  of  Okhotsk. 
at  Aldomish  bay, 

Aldstone  Moor,  or  Alstone  Moor,  t,  and  parish  of 
Eng.  Cumberland  co.  on  a  hill,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  the  river  Tyne,  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge. 
About  1,100  men  are  employed  in  its  lead  mines. 
Pop,  5,079,  1 1  m,  fr.  Hexham,  19  fr.  Penrith,  302 
fr.  London. 

Alece,  r.  Calabria  Ultra,  in  Naples,  falls  into 
the  sea  near  Cape  Spartivento. 


ALE 

Jkfcora,  t.  isl.  of  Cyprus,  10  m.  S.  Baffa. 

Alegre,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Upper  Loire. 
Pop.  900.     18  leagues  S.  S.  E.  Clermont-Ferand. 

Jilegrete,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  7^  m.  S.  E. 
Fortalegre. 

Alegria  de  Dulanci,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  3 
leagues  fr.  Tolosa. 

Akkiam,  v.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  36  m.  S. 
Sevrihissar. 

Akksefskoi,  t.  Asiatic  Russia,  90  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Sinbirsk.     Lon.  50°  14'  E.  Lat.  53°  15'  N. 

Akksiepskoc,  t.  Asiatic  Russia,  110  m.  N.  E. 
Saratof. 

Akmann,  r.  Switzerland,  falls  into  the  lake  of 
Geneva. 

Akmbaddy,  or  Meambaddy,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbe- 
toor,  74  m.  E.  S.  E.  Seringapatam. 

Akmpane,  or  Allamparva,  fort  of  Hind,  on  the 
sea-coast  of  the  Carnatic,  67  m.  S.  W.  Madras. 

Alen,  t.  Prussian  grand  duch)'  of  the  Lower 
Rhine.  Pop.  760  ;  on  the  Weser,  13  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Munster. 

Akn.  r.  Hanover,  in  Calenberg,  falls  into  the 
Weser,  near  Lippoldesberg. 

Aknby,  t.  Norway,  50  m.  S.  Drontheim. 

Akncon,  t.  Lower  Normandy,  cap.  of  the  de- 
partment of  the  Orne.  The  suburbs  are  St.  Blaise, 
Casau,  Montsor,  La  Barre,  and  Lancret.  Pop. 
13,234.  Its  trade  is  in  cloth,  in  linen,  coarse  and 
fine,  but  particularly  in  point-lace.  It  has  exten- 
sive tanneries,  glass-houses,  and  smelting-houses. 
There  are  free  stone  quarries  in  the  neighbour- 
hood ;  and  at  the  village  of  Hertre,  about  a  league 
W.  of  the  town,  is  found  the  mineral  called  the 
Alencon  diamond,  which  has  equal  lustre,  though 
not  the  same  hardness,  as  the  true  stone.  8  leagues 
N.  Mons,  16  S.  S.  E.  Caen,  35  S.  W.  Paris. 

Akmteig,  t.  in  the  archduchy  of  xlustria,  4  m. 
S.  Bohemian  Waidhoven. 

Akntak,  district  of  Russia,  in  Revel,  or  Estho- 
nia,  bet.  lake  Peipus  and  the  gulf  of  Finland. 
Chief  t.  Narva. 

Akntejo,  or  Akmteio,  the  largest  province  in 
Portugal,  on  the  Atlantic.  108  m.  in  length 
and  in  breadth  ;  contains  4  cities,  105  towns,  and 
358  parishes.  Pop.  339,356.  It  is  divided  into 
the  jurisdictions,  Evora,  Beja,  Elvas,  Portalegre, 
Ourique,  Villa  Viciosa,  Crato,  and  Aviz. 

Akppo,  Old,  or  Kinnesreen,  t.  Syria,  the  an- 
cient Chalcis,  cap.  of  Chalcidone,  15  m.  S.  Alep- 
po. 

Akppo,  city  of  Syria,  cap.  of  a  pachalic.  It  is 
on  8  small  hills,  intersected  by  KoAvick  r.  It  is  in 
circuit  3i  miles,  and  including  the  suburbs,  7  or  8. 
The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  and  has  9  gates. 
Near  the  N.  E.  corner  is  a  castle  on  a  hill,  encom- 
passed by  a  ditch  ;  a  bridge  of  7  arches  is  thrown 
over  the  ditch  on  the  S.  It  is  a  magazine  for  mil- 
itary stores.  Aleppo  is  the  4th  city  of  the  Otto- 
man empire,  exceeded  only  by  Constantinople, 
Caii'O,  and  Damascus.  It  is  well  built.  The 
£Lreets  are  broader  than  usual  in  the  East,  are  pav- 
ed, and  have  two  foot-paths  raised  six  inches  high. 
The  houses  are  surmounted  by  terraces,  on  which 
the  inhabitants  sleep  in  summer.  The  seraglio 
or  palace  of  the  pacha  is  spacious,  with  magnifi- 
cent gates,  A  distinct  quarter  of  the  city  is  allot- 
ted to  Jews,  and  another  to  Europeans.  The 
mosques  are  built  of  free  stone,  with  a  dome  in  the 
middle,  covered  with  lead.  About  20  caravan- 
seras  or  inns,  spacious  quadrangular  edifices,  one 
story  high,  are  dispersed  through  the  city,  and 
coffee-houses,  with  a  fountain  in  the  middle,  and  a 


ALE 


29 


gallery  for  musicians.  Pop.  250,000,  chiefly 
Turks  and  Arabs  ;  among  them  are  30,000  Chris- 
tians, and  5000  Jews.  Women  are  not  seen  in  the 
streets  of  Aleppo  after  dusk.  Its  manufactures  are 
of  silk  and  cotton,  it  exports  cloth  from  Antioch, 
Merdin,  Orfa,  and  Antab  ;  osnaburghs  from  Alep- 
po and  Damascus,  and  printed  cottons  from  Diar- 
bekir  ;  also  galls,  different  drugs,  and  copper,  and 
a  variety  of  other  articles.  The  imports  from  Eu- 
rope are  cloths,  Lyonese  stuffs,  and  bonnets  after 
the  fashion  of  Tunis  from  France,  merceries,  in- 
digo, tea,  sugar,  paper,  soap,  and  a  great  quan- 
tity of  coral  ornaments.  4  caravans  annually  pro- 
ceed through  Natolia,  to  Constantinople  ;  others 
arrive  from  Bagdad  and  Bassora  with  coffee 
brought  from  Mocha  on  the  Red  sea,  round  the 
Persian  gulf ;  as  also  muslins  and  shawls  from  In- 
dia. Aleppo  is  healthy  ;  but  visited  once  in  about. 
10  years  by  the  plague.  70  m.  S  E.  Alexandret- 
ta,  234N.  Damascus.  Lon.  37°  16' E.  Lat.  36° 
UN. 

Akria,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Corsica. 
20  m.  S.  E.  Corte. 

Alesani,  t.  isl.  of  Corsica,  district  of  Aleria. 

Aksdiany,  market  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  E.  of 
W^allachia,  on  Chncou  r. 

Akschki,  or  Aksski,  t.  and  fort,  Russia,  in  E. 
Nogai,  cap.  of  a  circle  in  Taurida. 

Aksham,  or  Ayksham,  t.  and  parish  of  Eng. 
Norfolk  CO.  near  i'hyrn  r.  The  chief  manufacture 
is  stockings.  Here  is  a  mineral  spring,  deemed 
efficacious  in  chronic  diseases.  Pop.  1,760.  12 
m.  N.  Norwich,  121  N.  N.  E.  London. 

Aksheim,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Anspach,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Weisseuburg. 

Akssandria,  or  Akxandria,  strong  t.  with  a  cit- 
adel, on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tanaro,  in  Upper  Ita- 
ly. It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  who  belongs  to  the 
archiepiscopal  diocese  of  Turin.  It  contains  a 
cathedral,  12  parish,  2  collegiate  churches,  17  mo- 
nasteries and  nunneries.  Pop.  35,216.  Its  fairs 
in  April  and  October,  are  attended  by  merchants, 
from  Italy,  France  and  Switzerland.  38  m.  S.  W. 
Milan,  44  E.  Turin. 

Akssano,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  d'Otranto,  12  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Otranto,  200  E.  S.  E.  Naples. 

Akssio,  t.  Greece,  in  Albania,  12  m.  N.  Dur- 
azzo,  and  96  S.  E.  Ragusa. 

Alessone,  t.  Macedonia,  near  Olympus,  20  m.  N. 
W.  Larissa. 

Akih,  t.  France,  on  Aude  r.  dep.  of  the  Aude. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Akvaia,  r.  Siberia,  flows  into  Penjinskoe  sea, 
the  upper  part  of  the  sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lon.  157° 
14'  E.  Lat.  62°  N. 

Aknrska,  t.  Siberia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  riv- 
ers Ajila  and  Aler,  64  m.  N.  E.  Nertchinsk. 

Akutan,  or  Akulian  Islands,  a  chain  of  islands 
in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean,  stretching  from  the  penin- 
sula of  Karatschatka,  in  Asia,  to  Cape  Alaska,  in 
N.  America,  under  the  government  of  Irkutzk, 
Russia  ;  about  40  in  number.  Several  volcanoes, 
exist  among  these  islands,  and  earthquakes  ai'e 
common.  Behring's  island,  Attoo,  and  Oonalash- 
ka,  are  the  largest.  Lat.  55°  N.  Lon.  165°  to  195° 
E.     Only  a  few  are  inhabited. 

Alexain,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Mayenne,  "4 
leagues  N.  Laval. 

Alexander,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Caspian 
sea.     Lon.  71°  25'  E.  Lat.  43°  37'  N. 

Alexander,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  New  G  eor- 
gia,  one  of  the  Solomon's  islands.  Lon.  156°  tV  E 
Lat.  6°  45'  S. 


30 


ALE 


A  L  F 


Alexander,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  an  isl.  at  the 
entrance  of  Duncan's  canal,  in  the  N.  Pacific 
ocean.     Lon.  227^  18'  E.     Lat.  56°  36'  N. 

Alexander,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  S.  Ba- 
tavia. 

Alexander,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  765. 

Alexander,  co.  Illinois,  at  the  angle  between 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers. 

Alexander's  Pedt,  group  among  the  Aladin  isls. 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  Mcrgui  archipelago.  Lat. 
9°  8'  N. 

Alexanderrille,  v.  Montgomery  co,  Ohio,  on  Mi- 
ami r.  7  m.  below  Dayton. 

Alexandrelta,  or  Scanderoon,  s-p.  Syria,  at  the 
S.  E.  part  of  a  bay  in  the  Mediterranean.  Its 
road  is  the  only  one  in  Syria  affording  good  an- 
chorage. It  is  unhealthy,  owing  to  the  miasmata 
from  the  marshes,  and  proves  fatal  to  the  crews  of 
vessels.  Europeans  seek  refuge  in  summer  in  the 
neighbouring  village  of  Beilan,  About  half  a 
mile  S.  is  an  octagonal  castle,  built  of  hewn  stone. 
The  walls  are  low,  but  each  side  is  defended  by  a 
tower.  To  the  N.  is  an  old  square  tower,  inacces- 
sible on  account  of  the  morass.  30  m.  N.  Antioch, 
70  N.  W.  Aleppo. 

Alexandria,  v.  Scotland,  in  Dumbartonshire,  4 
m.  N.  Dumbarton. 

Alexandria,  t.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  70  m.  W.  Eka- 
terinoslav,  150  S.  W.  Kiev.  Lon.  32^  52'  E.  Lat. 
48°  25'  N. 

Alexandria,  t.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  Hovyn  r. 
50m.E.  S.  E.  Lucko.  Lon.  26°  20' E.  Lat.  50° 
45'  N. — Alexandria  is  also  the  nau\f:  of  a  number 
of  small  places  throughout  Russia,  particularly  in 
Pultowa  and  Ekatermoslav. 

Alexandria,  city,  ancient  capital  of  Egypt, 
founded  331  A.  C.  by  Alexander  the  Great.  On 
an  island  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  is 
the  pharos,  or  light  house,  one  of  the  wonders  of 
the  ancient  world.  Alexandria  engrossed  the 
commerce  of  India ;  goods  being  brought  up  the 
Red  sea,  landed  at  Berenice,  carried  across  to  the 
Nile,  there  embarked,  and  conveyed  down  the 
river  and  through  a  canal  from  its  main  bank,  to 
the  city.  It  was  the  centre  of  all  sciences  con- 
nected with  mathematics,  astronomy,  and  geog- 
raphy ;  those  learned  men  only  were  valued  who 
had  been  bred  in  its  school,  "rhe  library  surpass- 
ed all  others  which  antiquity  could  boast.  The 
discovery  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  transferred 
the  India  trade  to  a  different  channel.  Alexandria 
is  situated  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Egyptian 
coast,  on  the  borders  of  the  Lybian  desert,  upon  a 
neck  of  land,  between  the  sea  and  lake  Mareotis. 
It  communicates  with  the  Nile  by  a  canal,  which 
also  supplies  the  city  with  water.  The  old  town 
is  partly  inclosed  with  walls  nearly  six  miles  in 
circumference ;  but  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  city 
can  be  traced  over  three  times  that  circuit.  Pom- 
pey's  pillar  is  94  or  95  feet  high,  composed  of  3 
pieces  of  the  finest  granite,  one  for  the  pedestal, 
the  other  for  the  shaft,  and  the  third  for  the  capi- 
tal. The  mean  diameter  is  7  feet  9  inches.  The 
two  obelisks,  one  thrown  down  and  the  other 
standing,  vulgarly  called  Cleopatra's  J^eedles,  are 
each  58  feet  6  inches  high,  and  the  breadth  of  the 
base  is  7  feet.  They  are  composed  each  of  a  sin- 
gle block  of  granite,  and  entirely  covered  with 
hieroglyphics.  The  reservoirs  with  which  an- 
cient Alexandria  was  supplied  with  water,  exca- 
vated the  whole  ground  upon  which  that  city 
stood.  A  conduit,  from  the  canal  of  Cleopatra, 
extended  tlie  whole  length  of  the  city,  conducting 


the  water  into  the  cisterns.  The  catacombs  begin 
at  the  extremity  of  the  old  city,  and  extend  along 
the  coast;  they  consist  of  small  sepulchral  grottos 
cut  in  the  rock,  which  is  a  soft  calcareous  sub- 
stance ;  the  interior  of  the  galleries  is  plastered 
with  mortar,  difficult  to  break;  each  cavity  con- 
tained three  coffins  piled  over  each  other.  New 
Alexandria  is  built  chiefly  along  the  coast.  The 
population  has  been  esimated  as  high  as  20,000, 
though  the  settled  residents  may  not  exceed  5,000. 
Turks  compose  the  officers  of  government  and  the 
garrison ;  the  Copts  are  numerous,  but  held  in 
contempt.  The  mercantile  transactions  are  in 
the  hands  of  the  Jews.  The  approach  from  the 
W.  is  difficult,  the  Lybian  shore  being  a  dead  flat, 
presenting  no  object  perceptible  at  a  distance.  Tho 
first  land-mark  is, two  eminences,  with  a  tower  on 
each,  called  Aboukir.  There  are  two  harbors, 
the  old  and  the  new :  the  old  harbor  is  safe,  and. 
affords  a  sufl[icient  depth  of  water;  tlie  new  is 
shallow,  has  a  rocky  bottom,  and  is  exposed  to  the 
N.  winds,  which  blow  with  great  violence.  Lon. 
30°  5' E,     Lat,  31°  16' N, 

Alexandria,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  30  m. 
N.  of  Machias. 

Alexandria,  t.  Grafton  co,  N.  H,  27  m.  N.  of 
Concord.     Pop.  409. 

Alexandria,  t.  Hunterdon  co,  N,  J.     Pop,  2,271. 

Alexandria,  p-t.  Huntington  co.  Pa.  89  m,  W 
Harrisburg,  10  N,  W.  Huntington,     Pop.  156, 

Alexandria,  co.District  of  Columbia.  Pop.  8,552 

Alexandria,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Poto- 
mac, 7  m.  S,  of  Washington,  Pop.  in  1810,  7,227. 
It  has  a  commodious  harbor,  sufficiently  deep  for 
the  largest  ships,  and  is  a  place  of  extensive 
trade,  especially  in  the  article  of  flour.  Exports 
in  1810,  $930,634.  Shipping  in  1816,  11,811 
tons. 

Alexandria,  p-t.  in  the  parish  of  Rapides,  Lou- 
isiana, on  Red  river,  120  m.  from  its  mouth,  and 
80  below  Natchitoches,  350  by  water  from  New 
Orleans.  It  is  a  new  and  flourishing  settlement . 
Almost  all  the  inhabitants  are  Americans. 

Alexandria,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  r.  at  the 
mouth  of  Scioto  r.  which  separates  it  from  Ports- 
mouth, 45  m.  S.  Chilicothe. 

Alexandriana,  p-t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C.  157 
S.  W.  Raleigh. 

Alexandrovka,  settlement,  Asiatic  Russia,  in 
Caucasus,  on  Kuma  r.     Pop.  448. 

Alexandrovskaia,  fort,  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav, 
on  the  Dnieper,  40  m.  below  Ekaterinoslav,  114 
N.E.  Cherson. 

Alrxandrow,  chief  t.  of  a  circle,  in  Vladimir, 
Russia.  Here  was  erected  the  first  printing  press 
in  Russia.     48  m.  E.  Moscow. 

Alexandrow,  or  Alexandrowka,  t.  Russia,  in  Po- 
dolia. 

Alexandrowka,  the  name  of  several  small  to\vns, 
Rnssia,  in  Cherson,  Ekaterinoslay,  Tambov,  &c. 

Alexiervka,  t,  Russia,  in  Saratov,  on  the  extreme 
limit  of  Europe. 

Alexin,  t.  Russia,  in  Thoula,  on  the  Oka, 

Alexin,  t.  Wallachia,  48  m.  N,  E.  Bucharest. 

Alexinza,  t.  Turkey  in  Europe,  in  Servia,  18 
m.  N.  N.W.  Nissa. 

Alexo,  isl.  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  Per- 
nambuco,  Brazil. 

Alexopol,  cap.  of  a  circle,  in  Pultawa,  Riissia, 
30  m.  S.  Pultawa. 

Alf,  V.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine.    Pop.  500. 


A  L  G 

jHfacar.^  t.  Spain,  5  m.  N.  E.  Grenada. 

Alfaha.     See  Halfaia. 

Alfandega  da  Fe,  t.  Portu^l,  inTras  los  Montes, 
12  m.  N.  I'on-e  de  Moncorvo. 

Alfaques,  harbor,  Spain,  in  the  W.  mouth  of 
the  Ebro,  9  m.  S.  Tortosa. 

Alfaro,  t.  Spain,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Alama 
and  Ebro.     Pop.  4,700.     9  m.  S.  W.  Todela. 

Alfaya^  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Kalinkie  r.  which 
falls  into  the  Rio  Grande,  50  m.  from  the  sea,  and 
«0  S.  W.  Teemboo. 

Jllfayates,  fort,  Portugal,  150  m.  N.  E.  Lisbon. 

Alfdorf,  V.  Wirtemberg.     Pop.  940. 

Jllftizara,  or  Alfeisarang,  t.  Portuguese  Estre- 
inadura,  in  Leiria, 

Alfeld^  t.  Hanover,  on  Leine  r.  Pop.  2,076.  15 
m.  S.  Hildesheim,  and  30  S.  Hanover. 

Alfeld,  V.  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  4  m.  N.  Nei- 
denaa. 

Aifddha,  mountain,  Persia,  in  Kerman,  36  m. 
2.  Kerman. 

Alfeo,  or  Carbon,  r.  the  largest  in  the  Morea, 
falls  into  the  Ionian  sea,  on  the  W.  coast,  6  m.  from 
Olympia.  On  its  banks  were  held  the  Olympic 
games. 

Alfeo,  r.  isl.  Sicily,  empties  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean at  Syracuse. 

Alfere,  t.  Ai^abia,  72  m.  S.  Medina. 

Alferez,  r.  Brazil,  in  Rey,  which  enters  tlie  lake 
Mini. 

Alfidena,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  15  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Sulmona,  42  N.  Capua. 

Alfkarleby,  v.  Sweden,  in  Upsal,  where  tlie  Dal- 
Elbe  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Alfontes,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algrave,10 m.  W.Louie. 

Alford,  t.  England,  Lincolnshire.  Pop.  1,169. 
30  m.  E.  Lincoln,  140  N.  London. 

Alford,  V.  Scotland,  Aberdeen  co,  near  which  a 
battle  was  fought  in  July  1645,  between  the  Roy- 
alists, under  Montrose,  and  the  covenanters,  com- 
manded by  Baillie,  who  was  defeated.  15  m.  S. 
W.  Inverury,  28  N.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Alford,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.     Pop.  522. 

Alford'' s  store,  p-v.  Hancock  co.  Georgia,  42  m. 
N  .Milledgeville. 

Alfordsmlle,  p-v.  Robeson  co.  N.  C.  S.  Raleigh. 

Alfordstown,  t.  and  cap.  Moore  co.  N.  C  30  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Fayetteville. 

Alfred,  t.  Prescott  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Ottawa  r. 

Alfred,  p-t.  and  half  shire,  York  co.  Maine,  24 
m.  N.  of  York.     Pop.  1,106. 

Alfred,  p-t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  E.  An- 
gelica.    Pop.  273. 

Alfrcton,  market  t.  and  parish,  England,  Derby 
CO.  in  which  stockings  and  earthen  ware  are  man- 
ufactured. Pop.  3,396.  14  m.  W.  Derby,  141  N. 
London. 

Alfrick,  hamlet,  England,  Worcester  co.  7  m.  fr. 
Worcester.     Pop.  404. 

Alfter,  loi'dship,  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  850. 

Alfundao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Beja. 

Algaiola,  s-p.  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Corsica,  at 
the  embouchure  of  the  Aregno  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Calvi,  38  S.  W.  Bastia. 

Algaira,  or  Aliara,  r.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  which 
falls  into  the  Cabriel. 

Algar,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  8  leagues  from 
Xerez  de  la  Frontera. 

Algar,  Cape,  on  tlie  N.  W.  coast  of  the  isl.  of 
Majorca. 

Algarra,  or  Algarbia,  the  S.  province  of  Portu- 


A  L  G 


31 


gal,  bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.  by  the  Atlantic. 
Pop.  96,000. 

Algas,  r.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  which  falls  into 
the  Matarana  near  Nonaspe. 

Algemesi,  or  Algemesia,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia; 
near  which  grow  great  quantities  of  Pita,  of 
which  they  make  cordage,  and  spin  a  thread  fine 
enough  for  lace.     18  m.  S.  Valencia. 

Algeri,  or  Algheri,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardin- 
ia, 79  m.  N.  W.  Cagliari. 

Algesheim,  a  walled  t.  grand  duchy  of  Hesse 
Darmstadt.     Pop.  1,430. 

Algeziras,  a  maritime  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  in 
tljie  gulf  of  Gibraltar,  between  Cape  Algeziras 
and  the  rock  of  Gibraltar;  hence  it  is  often  cali«d 
Old  Gibraltar.  Pop.  about  4,500.  7  m.  W.  Gib- 
raltar. 

Alghise,  t.  Upper  Italy,  in  the  Lombard©- Vene- 
tian kingdom,  district  of  Bresciano,  on  Savarona 
r.     Pop.  3,000. 

Algienta,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Lambro,  10  m. 
N.  Milan. 

Algiers,  N.  Africa,  one  of  the  Barbary  states, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  between  Morocco  and  Tu- 
nis, extending  S.  to  Atlas  mountains.  It  is  tlie  an- 
cient Numidia  and  Mauritania  Tiiigitania.  The 
mountains  are  covered  with  vineyards  and  forests, 
except  Jurjura,  60  miles  S.  E.  Algiers,  whose  top 
is  covered  with  snow  during  great  part  of  the 
year.  The  largest  river  is  Shelliff,  which  has  a 
course  of  300  miles ;  the  Adjidi  rolls  S.  into  the 
desert,  and  is  lost  in  a  lake  on  its  borders.  The 
soil  produces  wheat  and  barley,  and  all  the  fruits 
and  vegetables  of  Europf?.  It  contains  mines  of 
lead  and  iron.  Near  the  like  of  Marks  is  a  solid 
mountain  of  salt,  and  the  lake,  when  it  dries  up  in 
summer,  leaves  its  bed  deeply  incrusted  with  it. 
The  salt  pits  near  Arzew  are  about  6  miles  in 
compass.  The  manufactures  consist  in  silk,  par- 
ticularly sashes  and  handkerchiefs,  and  in  carpets, 
and  a  coarse  kind  of  linen.  The  export?  art  co- 
ral, wool,  bees  wax,  ship  timber,  ostrichs'  feath- 
ers, grain,  pulse,  hides,  goat  and  sheep  skins,  cam- 
el's hair,  cattle,  sheep,  of  the  annual  value  of 
42,175/.  The  imports  consist  of  European  manu- 
factures, and  colonial  produce.  Linens,  muslins, 
and  hardware,  are  prominent  articles.  The 
towns  are  inhabited  by  Moors,  Jews,  and  Turks, 
with  a  few  Europeans  ;  the  plain  country  by  the 
Arabs ;  and  the  mountains  by  Brebers,  or  Bereb- 
bers.  See  Barbary.  Algiers  is  divided  into  3  prov- 
inces :  the  W.  or  Tlemsam  or  Tremecen,  borders 
on  Morocco ;  chief  towns  Tlemsan  and  Oran  : 
the  central  or  Algiers  proper,  the  E.  or  Con- 
stantina;  chief  towns  Constantina  and  Bona. 

Algiers,  city,  capital  of  the  above  country,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  and  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill, 
on  which  the  houses  rise  gradually  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre,  and  terminate  nearly  in  a  point 
at  the  summit.  It  is  \h  miles  in  circuit.  The 
largest  street  is  not  above  12  feet  wide,  in  which 
are  the  mansions  of  the  opulent,  tlie  warehouses 
of  the  principal  merchants,  the  markets  for  corn, 
bread,  meat,  fish,  &c.  Pop.  estimated  from  180,000 
to  200,000.  The  largest  buildings  are  the  dey's 
palace  and  the  seraglio,  both  of  great  magnitude, 
with  marble  pillars  of  curious  workmanship.  It 
has  60  mosques ;  the  finest  is  60  feet  by  40,  three 
stories  high,  and  supported  by  pillars  of  white 
marble,  imported  from  Genoa ;  the  walls  are  of 
white  stone,  brought  from  the  ruins  of  Oran. 
Aqueducts  convey  water  from  the  country  to  150 
fountains,  dispersed  through  the  city.     Round 


32 


A  L  I 


ALL 


the  city  is  a  wall  about  a  league  in  circumler- 
ence ;  12  feet  thick,  30  feet  high  towards  the  land 
side,  and  40  feet  towards  the  sea.  It  is  strength- 
ened by  fortifications  at  its  5  gates.  The  harbor 
is  formed  by  two  moles,  one  running  N.  and  the 
other  N.  E.  and  meeting  at  an  island  called  the 
Lantern.  It  is  130  fathoms  long,  80  broad,  and 
15  feet  deep.  The  entrance  is  defended  by  a 
round  castle  and  batteries  of  brass  guns.  Lon.  3° 
30' E.     Lat.  36°42'N. 

Algodon^  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  N.  of  St. 
Domingo. 

Algodres,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  3  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
tel  Rodrigo. 

Algon,  isl.  Sweden,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia.     Lon.  18°  26'  E.    Lat.  63°  9'  N. 

Algonquins,  Indians,  a  large  tribe  iji  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  Assiniboins,  on  both  sides  of  the 
line  which  divides  the  U.  S.  from  U.  Canada,  W. 
of  the  Mississippi. 

Algozo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Monies,  20  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Miranda  de  Duero. 

Algristan-Head,  promontory  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  Scotland,  Ross  co.  Lon.  5°  44'  W.  Lat.  57° 
46' N. 

Algueda,  i.  and  parish,  isl.  of  Majorca.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Alhatna,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia.     Pop.  3,500. 

Alhama,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  at  the  foot  of  a 
hill,  on  Motrilr.  25  m.  S.  W.  Granada. 

Alhama  k  Seca,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  10  m.  N. 
N.  W.  of  Almeria. 

AlJiambra,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  7  m.  S.  Teruel. 

Alhambra.     See  Granada,  Town  of. 

Alhamiicd,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Caspian  sea,  30  m.  W.  Fehrabad. 
Lon.  52°  30'  E.     Lat.  35°  48'  N. 

Alhandra,  t.  in  Portuguese  Estremadura,  on 
the  Tagus,  15  m.  N.  E.  Lisbon.     Pop.  1,350. 

Alhaur,  r.  Natolia,  which  runs  into  the  Sakaria, 
8  m.  S.  Almeria. 

Alhaurin,  v.  Spain,  in  Granada,  3  leagues  S.W. 
Mala^. 

Alhans,  t.  Prussia,  4  m.  S.  Culm. 

Alhol  Fedros,  t.  Portugal,  in  Esti'emadura,  6 
m.  S.  E.  Lisbon. 

AH,  t.  Georgia,  50  m.  W.  Teflis. 

Aliabad,  v.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  30  m.  S.  E. 
of  Fehrabad,  and  39  N.  E.  of  Teheran. 

Aliabali,  isl.  in  the  Caspian  sea,  near  the  W, 
coast.     Lon.  68°  6'  E.     Lat.  39°  5'  N. 

Alibama,  'And  Atia-Kackjjoos,  Indians,  remnants 
of  these  tribes  mingled  with  remnants  of  other 
tribes,  are  scattered  in  different  parts  of  the  state 
of  Lousiana. 

Aljaki,t.  Russia,  20  m.  S.  E.  Czerkasky. 

Alianello,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  27  m.  E.  Po- 
tenza. 

Aliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  23  m.  S.  E.  Po- 
tenza. 

Alianskoi,  fort,  Russia,  120  m.  S.  W.  Kolhyvane. 
Lon.  79°  34'  E.    Lat.  52°  50'  N. 

Alibani,  t.  Arabia,  140  m.  S.  E.  Amanzirlfdin 

Alibeg-keri,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  24  m. 
E.  Salistria. 

Alica,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  29  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Florence. 

Alicanf,  t.  Ceylon,  10  m.  S.  Calitoor. 

Alicante,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  a  peninsula, 
in  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean.  The  harbor  is 
one  of  the  best  in  Valencia.  37  m.  N.  E.  Murcia, 
75  S.  Valencia.  Pop.  16,950.  Lon.  9°  24'  W. 
Lat.  38°  35'  N. 


Alicata,  fortified  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Val  di 
Mazzara,  Sicily,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Girgenti. 

Alicudi,  or  Alicuri,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands  in 
the  Mediterranean,  15  m.  W.  Lipari. 

Alicun,  t.  Spain,  ]  2  m.  from  Granada. 

Alignay,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands.  Lat,  9° 
51' N. 

Aligne.     See  Marcans. 

Althamman,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Tigris, 
20  m.  from  Mosul. 

Alima,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean.     Lat.  19°  20'  N. 

Alinagore,  t.  Hind.  Carnatic,  10  m.  W.  Trico- 
lore. 

AUngsas,  t,  Sweden,  5  m.  S.  of  Bohus.  Lon. 
12°  19'  E.     Lat.  57°  58'  N. 

Alipee,  t.  Cochin,  populous;  the  residence  of 
many  of  the  merchants  who  are  agents  for  houses 
at  Bombay.  Exports  :  pepper,  grain,a  nd  timber, 
Lat.  9°  42'  N, 

Alishung,  dist.  of  Afghanistan,  India,  between 
35°  and  36°  N,  lat.  and  68°  and  69°  E,  lon.  sur- 
rounded by  lofty  mountains,  covered  with  snow. 
Chief  t,  Penjshehr. 

Aljubarrota,  market  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura, 
10  m.  S.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  1,000, 

Aljucen,  t,  Spain,  Estremadura,  7  m.  N,  Merida. 

Aljustrel,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  16  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Beja.     Pop.  1,500. 

Alixen,  t,  France,  dep.  of  the  Ardeche,  6  m.  E 
N.  E.  of  Valence. 

Alkaisan,  fort,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  106  m.  W 
Bagdad. 

Alkmaer.     See  Akkmaer. 

Allahabad,  province  of  Ilindostan,  between  22° 
and  26°  N,  lat,  and  79°  and  83°  E.  lon,  bounded 
N.  by  the  provinces  of  Oude  and  Agra,  S.  by 
Gundwana,  E,  by  Bahar,  and  W,  by  Malway  and 
Agra,  Seven-eighUis  of  the  inhabitants  are  sup- 
posed to  be  Hindoos,  the  remainder  Mahometans. 

Allahabad,  city,  cap,  of  the  above  province,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Ganges  and  Jumna,  820  m, 
from  the  sea  by  the  course  of  the  river.  Every 
summer  multitudes  of  pilgrims  resort  hither  from 
all  parts  of  India,  The  fort  stands  in  lat,  25°  27' 
N,  and  lon.  81°  50'  E,  490  m.  W,  N.  W.  Calcutta. 
It  is  a  station  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
made  in  1814. 

AUah-Shehr,  or  City  of  God,  t,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia,  It  is  spread  upon  the  declivities  of  3 
or  4  hills,  and  exhibits  remains  of  a  wall,  which 
once  encompassed  it.  Here  there  is  a  cathedral, 
large  and  ornamented  with  carving,  gilding,  and 
portraits ;  but  of  24  churches  of  that  communion, 
only  6  are  in  repair  and  served  by  priests.  The 
Greeks  have  a  bishop  and  chief  priest.  The 
town  is  situated  on  one  of  the  principal  roads  to 
Smyrna,  whither  a  caravan  goes  and  returns  reg- 
ularly. It  is  greatly  frequented,  especially  by  Ar- 
menian merchants.  The  coffeehouses  and  baths 
are  much  resorted  to.  There  are  about  300 
Greek  families.  This  city  is  the  ancient  Phila- 
delphia, so  liable  to  earthquakes.  30  m.  S.  F 
Sart  or  Sardis,  and  5  days'  journey  from  Smyrna 

Allaine,  t.  France,  in  Brittany,  10  leagues  Y 
Vannes.     Pop.  4,360. 

Allais,  or  El  Aice,  t,  Sennaar,  cap,  of  one  of  the 
three  governments  into  which  that  countxy  is  di- 
vided, 
Allande,  t,  Spain,  Asturia,  28  m,  W.  of  Oviedc 
Alia  Torre,  district  of  the  Lombardo-Venetiar 
kingdom,  middle  division  of  the  Valteline.  valler 
of  Malenker. 


ALL 


ALL 


33 


Alhegah,  t.  in  the  E.  province  of  Algiers,  on  a 
small  river.  Its  vicinity  is  covered  with  large 
heaps  of  ruins,  20  m.  E.  Constantina. 

Alleghany,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee  r.  bordering  on 
Pennsylvania,     Pop.  1,942.     Chief  t.  Angelica. 

Alleghany,  co.  Pa.  at  the  junction  of  Alleghany 
and  Monongahela  rivers.  Chief  t.  Pittsburg. 
Pop.  25,317. 

Alleghany,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  W.  Harrisburg. 
Pop.  610. 

Alleghany,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.  N.  W.  Harris- 
burg.    Pop.  299. 

Alleghany,  t.  Huntington  co.  Pa.  W,  Harris- 
burg.    Pop.  1,159. 

Alles:hany,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  S.  W.  Harris- 
burg. "^  Pop.  271. 

Alleghany,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  W.  Harrisburg. 
Pop,  820. 

Alleghany,  co.  Md.  the  N.  W.  end  of  the  State, 
on  Potomac  r.  Ciiief  t.  Cumberland.  Pop. 
6,909. 

Alleghany,  mountains,  U.  S.  commence  in  the 
N.  part  of  Georgia,  and  running  N.  E.  nearly 
parallel  with  the  coast  of  the  Atlantic  ocean,  at 
the  distance  of  250  miles,  pass  through  N.  Caroli- 
na, Virginia,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and  New 
York,  and  terminate  near  Hudson  river.  They 
divide  the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Atlantic, 
from  those  which  flow  into  the  Mississip]n.  The 
Catskill  mountains,  at  the  N.  E.  extremity,  are  the 
highest  summits  in  the  range. 

Alleghany,  r.  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  and  runs 
first  N.  W.  into  New  York,  and  then  by  a  bend  to 
the  S.  W.  again  enters  Pennsylvania,  and  at  Pitts- 
burg unites  with  the  Monongahela  to  form  the 
Ohio.  It  is  a  steady  stream,  and  navigable  for 
keel  boats  of  10  tons  to  Hamilton,  260  m.  above 
Pittsburg. 

Allegranza,  isl.  or  rock,  the  most  N.  of  tlie  Ca- 
naries; barren  and  uninhabited,  resorted  to,  to 
gather  orchilla. 

Allemance,  p-v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C.  77  m.  W. 
Raleigh. 

Allemand,  r.  falls  into  the  Mississippi  from  the 
S.  E.  43  m.  S.  Natches. 

Allemans,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Lot  and  Ga- 
ronne, on  the  Drot,  28  m.  N.  N.  W.  Agen. 

Allemond,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Isere,  6  leagues 
E,  Grenoble.     Pop.  1,000. 

Allen,  r.  England,  runs  into  the  Stour,  near 
Blandford. 

Allen,  r.  Wales,  Flint  co.  which  has  a  subterra- 
jieous  course  for  a  short  distance. 

Allen,  hie  of,  Ireland,  Kildare  co.  5  m.  N.  E. 
Xildare. 

Allen,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  near  Harrisburg. 
:?op.  1,837. 

Allen,  CO.  Kentucky.  Chief  t.  Scottsville.  The 
})ost-office  is  160  m.  from  Frankfort. 

Allen,  CO.  Ohio,  formed  1820,  in  a  part  of  the  In- 
dian reservation. 

Allenburg,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Tapiau,  on  the 
iUle,  30  m.  S.  E.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  1,350. 

Allendale,  t.  England,  Northumberland  co.  di- 
vided into  East  and  West,  9  m.  from  Hexham,  291 
from  London.     Pop.  2,006. 

Allendorf,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
1  Verra,  24  m.  W.  Mulhausen.     Pop.  2,500. 

Allendorf,  t.  Hesse  Darmstadt,  between  Mar- 
lurgand  Giessen,  6  m.  N.  E.  Giessen.   Pop.  1,030. 

Allendorf,  t.  Russia,  in  Riga. 

Allenheim,  v.  Germanv,  near  KeU  on  the 
Rhine.     Pop.  500. 


Allan'' s  Creek,  r.  N.  Y.  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Genesee  co.  and  running  N.  E.  empties  into  Gene- 
see r.  in  Caledonia.     Many  mills  are  erected  on  it. 

Allen'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 

Allen's  fresh,  p-v.  Charles  co.  Md.  43  m.  S, 
Washington,  on  Wicomico  r. 

Allen's  Island,  in  tiie  gulf  of  Carpentaria, 
New  Holland,     Lon.  139°  26'  E.     Lat.  17°  5'  S. 

Allenstein,  in  Polish  Olsztan,  a  bailiwick  and 
small  t.  with  a  castle,  in  East  Prussia,  60  m.  S. 
Konigsberg.  Lon.  20°  25'  E.  Lat.  53°  40'  N. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Allensloivn,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  S. 
E.  Concord.     Pop.  346. 

Allenstoum,  p-t.  Monmouth  co.  N.J.  11  m.  E. 
Trenton. 

Allentoivn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.  on  Le- 
high r.  52  N.  N.  W.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,291. 

AUentown,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C.  S.  W. 
Raleigh, 

Allentrop,  t.  on  the  Soubeck,  in  the  Prussian 
grand  duchy  of  the  Rhine,  9  m.  S.  Arensberg. 

All f pie,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  40  m.  N. 
Cochin,  60  N.  Quilon,  120  N.  Cape  Comorin. 
Pop.  13,000.  Pepper  and  other  spices  are  procur- 
ed here  for  the  E.  India  ships.  It  is  a  Missionary 
station,  containing  a  church,  house  and  garden, 
and  a  school-house.  The  number  of  scholars 
amounts  to  70,  including  26  orphans.  The  con- 
gi'egation,  consisting  of  school-children,  Syrians, 
Roman  Catholics,  and  heathen,  has  increased  to 
200. 

Aller,  r.  Lower  Saxony,  falls  into  the  Weser  be- 
low Verden. 

Aller,  v.  England,  Somerset  co.  6  m.  S.  Bridge- 
water. 

JiUerberg,  market  t.  Bavaria,  in  Neuberg,  16  m. 
S.  Nuremburg.     Pop.  1,570. 

Allerton,  t.  England,  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 
Pop.  1,093.     33  m.  fr.  Bradford,  199  fr.  London. 

Allerton  (Chapel),  t.  England,  Leeds,  West  Ri- 
ding of  Yorkshire,  2  m.  from  Leeds.     Pop.  1,362. 

Allerton  Bywater,  t.  England,  W.  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  5  m.  from  Pontefract.     Pop.  292. 

Allesani,  t.  isl.  of  Corsica,  13  m.  E.  N.  E.  Corte. 

Allevard,  t.  France,  in  Daupliine.  Pop.  2,060. 
7i  leagues  N.  E.  Grenoble. 

Allex,  V.  France,  dep.  of  the  Drome,  4  leagues 
S.  Valence. 

Allfeld,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Ba- 
den.    Pop.  of  the  bailiwick  1,860. 

Alii,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ulteriore,  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Squillace. 

Allier,  r.  France,  after  a  course  of  72  leagues, 
falls  into  the  Loire,  3  m.  below  Nevers. 

Allier,  dep.  of  France.  Pop.  254,558.  Divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Mont  Lu9on,  Moulins, 
Gannat,  and  Palisse. 

Alligator  r.  N.  C.  runs  through  Alligator  Swamp 
into  Albemarle  sound. 

Alligator,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 

Allighur,  English  fort.  Hind,  situated  between 
the  Ganges  and  the  Jumna.  Lon.  78°  24'  E.  Lat. 
27°  55'  N. 

Allinaghur,  t.  Hindostan,  20  m.  N.  Chazy^oore. 

Allinghery,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  38"  m.  S, 
W.  Arcot. 

Allinghy,  t.  Hind.  30  m.  S.  W.  Dindigul. 

Allipore,  t.  Hind.  30  m.  from  Gwalior. 

Altistar,  or  Allestar,  t.  peninsula  of  Malacca,  2 
or  3  leagues  from  the  mouth  of  a  river. 

AUitory,  t,  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  5  m.  S.  W. 
Trichinopoly. 


34 


A  L  M 


A  L  N 


Alloa,  s-p.  Scotland,  Clackmannan  co.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Forth.  The  harbor  is  safe  and 
commodious,  having  16  feet  of  water  in  neap,  and 
122  in  spring  tides.  It  has  a  dry  dock  for  receiving 
large  vessels.  The  collieries  employ  a  great  num- 
ber of  people,  and  produce  about  35,000  tons 
yearly  for  export.  From  the  distilleries  above 
1,000,000  gallons  of  spirits  are  sometimes  shipped 
in  a  year.  Here  is  a  glass-house,  wherein  ordina- 
ry green  glass  bottles  are  made.  The  imports  are 
grain,  limestone,  ironstone,  and  goods  from  the 
Baltic.  Pop.  3,000.  27  m.  from  Edinburgh,  5 
from  Stirling. 

Allonby,  t.  England,  Cumberland  co.  Pop.  655. 
309  m.  from  London. 

Alloor,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  16  ra.  N.  Nel- 
lore,  114  N.  Madras. 

Alios,  t.  France.  Pop.  1,400.  Near  a  lake  7^ 
leagues  N.  E.  Digne. 

Alloueltes,  point,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
mouth  of  Saguenay  r. 

Allow,  two  rivers,  Eng.  falling  into  tlie  Tyne. 

Allow,  r.  isl.  of  Anglesey,  falling  into  the  Irish 
sea. 

Alloway  Creek,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

Allowat/,  r.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  runs  into  Dela- 
ware r. 

All-Saints,  islands  near  Guadaloupe,  in  the  W. 
Indies. 

Allsaints,  parish,  Georgetown  district,  S.  C. 

All-Saints,  bay  of  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of 
New  Albion.     Lon.  243°  38'  E.     Lat.  31°  44'  N. 

Alludsje,  t.  Arabia,  14  m.  E.  N.  E.  Beit-el-Fa- 
Idh. 

Allum,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  11  m.  N.  W. 
Palamcotta. 

Alluf,  t  Ceylon,  15  m.  N.  E.  Candy.  Lon.  81° 
2'E.     Lat.  7°  66' N. 

,  Alluye,  or  Halluye,  i.  with  a  castle,  France, 
dep-  of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  150  houses,  13  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Chartres. 

Allynagi-um,  t.  Hind,  in  Dindigul,*  15  m.  W. 
Ootampaleam. 

Almaden,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  39  ni.  S.  W, 
Ciudad  Real. 

Almaden  de  la  Plata,  t.  Spain,  on  the  Celar,  32 
m.  N.  Seville. 

Almagre,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha.     Pop.  3,000. 

Almaguer,  city,  S.  America,  in  Quito,  on  the 
top  of  a  small  mountain,  21  m.  S.  Popayan.  Lon. 
76°  54'  W.     Lat.  1°  56'  N. 

Almali,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  42  m.  S. 
W.  Satalia.    Lon.  29°  42'  E.     Lat.  36°  38'  N. 

Almanchery,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  1 1  m.  N. 
Bomranzepollam. 

Almandrel,  t.  S.  America,  on  the  coast  of  Chili. 

Almanza,  or  Almanca,  t.  Spain.  Pop.  6,000.  54 
m.  S.  W.  Valencia. 

Almanzor,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Mediterrane- 
an, on  the  coast  of  Granada. 

Alniaraz,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  36  m.  from 
TalaveradelaReyna.     Pop.  1,000. 

Almarhha,  s-p.  Arabia,  2  m.  E.  Cape  Almarhha, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  33°  3'  40" 
E.    Lat.  29°  1'  41"  N. 

Almas,  t.  in  Sclavonia,  at  the  influx  of  the  Drave 
into  the  Danube. 

Almas,  the  name  of  various  towns  and  villages 
in  Hungary  and  Transylvania. 

Almas,  station,  in  Brazil,  where  the  duties  on 
gold  mines  are  paid ;  near  the  source  of  the  Toc- 
cantins. 


Almasan,  t.  in  Old  Castile,  Spain,  16  m.  S.  o 
Soria. 

Almeida,  a  strong  fort,  in  Portugal,  prov.  of  Bei- 
ra.  It  has  a  regular  citadel.  Pop.  2,500.  113  m, 
N.  E.  Lisbon. 

Almeirim,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  3  m.  S. 
E.  Santarem. 

Almeloo,  t.  Holland,  in  Overyssel,  20  m.  E.N.  E- 
Deventer. 

Almendra,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Castel  Ilodrigo. 

Almendral,  t.  Chili,  3  m.  from  Valparaiso. 

Almendralejo,  t.  in  Spanish  Estremadura,  12  m. 
S.  Merida. 

Almendro,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  18  m.  N.  N.  E,. 
Ayamonte. 

Almeneches,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Orne,  18  in. 
N.  Alengon. 

Almeria,  a  maritime  t.  Spain,  54  m.  S.  E.  Gra- 
nada. 

Almeria,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  coast,  50  m.  N.  Vera 
Cruz,  150  E.  Mexico. 

Almirante,  r.  Florida,  runs  S.  E.  into  Pensacola 
bay. 

Almirante,  Bay,  coast  of  Veragua,  on  the  N 
coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darien.  At  its  entrance  are 
many  small  islands  and  hidden  rocks.  Lat.  9°  5' 
N.     Lon.  82°  30'  W. 

Abnissa,  s-p.  Dalmatia,  16  m.  Spalatro.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Almodovar,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  9  m.  S.  Ou- 
rique. 

Almodovar  del  Campo,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha, 
18  m.  S.  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  3,000. 

Almodovar  del  Pinar,  t.  Spain,  25  m.  E.  S.  E  . 
Cuenca. 

Almoi,  t.  Prussia,  24  m.  S.  W.  Rastenbui^. 

Almonascid,  t.  Spain,  New  Castile,  9  m.  S.  E, 
Toledo.     Another,  15  m.  S.  Leon. 

Almonbury,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  from 
Huddersfield.     Pop.  4,613. 

Almond,  r.  Scotland,  flows  into  the  frith  of  Forth, 
5  m.  N.  W,  Edinburgh. 

Almond,  r.  Scotland,  runs  into  the  frith  of  Tay. 

Almont,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  90  m.  S.  W. 
Fehrabad. 

Almonte,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  15  m.  S.  E.  Moguer. 

Almora,  a  subdivision  of  Kemaon,  N.  E.  part  of 
Hind,  separateti  from  the  British  territory  by  a 
lofty  range  of  mountains,  and  subject  to  the  rajah 
of  Napal.  Its  capital,  Almora,  is  in  lon.  79°  40' 
E.     Lat.  29°  35' N. 

Almstadt,  t.  Sweden,  4  m.  E.  Christianstadt. 

Almunda,  t.  Hind.  14  m.  S.  W.  Vizianagram. 

Almunecar,  t.  Spain,  has  a  good  harbor,  and  a 
castle,  36  m.  S.  S.  W.  Granada.     Pop.  2,000. 

Almunia,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  22  m.  from  Sar- 
agossa.     Pop.  3,000. 

Almurradiel,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  24  m.  from 
Manzanarez. 

Almus,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  20  m.  N.  E.  Tocat. 

Alma,  formerly  New  Milford,  p-t.  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  10  m.  N.  Wiscasset.  It  is  a  flourishing 
farming  town. 

Alnemouth,  Ailmoulh,  or  Alemouih,  s-p.  Eng. 
in  Northumberlandshire,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Alne. 
Pop.  353.     5  m.  from  Alnwick. 

Alnwick,  or  Alncwick,  t.  Eng.  Northumberland- 
shire, near  the  river  Alne,  once  fortified.  Pop. 
5,426.     34  m.  N.  N.  W.  Newcastle. 

Alnwick,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Up.  Canada, 
on  Rice  lake,  W.  Kingston. 


ALP 


ALT 


35 


Jllnivick,  t.  Northumberland  co.  New  Brims- 
wick,  on  the  sea  coast. 

Mnei/,  isl.  Eng.  in  the  Severn,  near  the  city  of 
Gloucester.  The  single  combat  between  Ed- 
mund Ironside  and  Canute  the  Dane,  took  place 
here. 

Jllong,  r.  Asia,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Si- 
am.  Lon.  100°  21'  E.  Lat.  8°  40'  N.  Also  a 
town,  on   this  river,  30  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  Ligor. 

Atoo,  Straits,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between  Lo- 
mablem  and  Pantar  isles. 

Alopha,  r.  Syria,  flows  into  the  Mediterranean, 
2  m.  S.  Bairout. 

Alora,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  18  m.  N.  W.  Mal- 
aga. 

Alore,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  on  the  Godavery, 
30  m.  E.  Nander. 

Aloren,  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  tlie  gulf  of  Both- 
nia.    Lon.  22°  18'  E.     Lat.  63°  35'  N. 

Alor7io,  t.  Hind.  8  m.  N.  Goa. 

Alosen,  Cape,  of  the  island  of  Elba. 

Alost,  or  Aelst,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  on 
the  Dender,  which  is  navigable  to  the  town.  Pop. 
11,000.     13  m.  S.  E.  Ghent,  15  N.  W.  Brussels. 

Alota,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Corsica,  near  the  gulf 
of  Ajaccio. 

Alpalhao,  v.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  14  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Portalegre.     Pop.  1,200. 

Alpedrinna,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Castello-Branco. 

Alpedris,  market  t.  in  Portuguese  Estremadura^ 
8  m.  S.  W.  Leiria. 

Alperspach,  t.  in  the  Black  Forest,  near  Horn- 
berg.     Pop.  1,300. 

Alphen,  t.  Holland,  on  the  Rhine,  between  Ley- 
den  and  Woerden.     Pop.  2,000. 

Alphen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Brabant.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Alphington,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  2  m.  from 
Exeter.     Pop.  911. 

Alphonso,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  54°  50'  E. 
Lat.  7°  4'  S. 

Alpnorh,  or  AUnacht,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Under- 
walden,  6  m.  S.  Lucerne. 

Alpmi,  Vecchio,  r.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  falls 
into  the  Adige. 

Alpovr,  t.  Hind.  100  m.  W.  S.  W,  Hydrabad. 
Lat  16°  40'  N. 

Alps,  mountains,  Europe,  divide  Italy  from 
NFrance,  Switzerland,  and  Germany  ;  they  are  in 
the  form  of  a  crescent,  and  are  divided  into  the 
Maritime,  the  Cottian,  the  Grecian,  the  Pennine, 
the  llhoetian,  the  Tyrolese  and  Tridentine,  inclu- 
ding those  of  Suabia,  the  Noric,  the  Carnic,  and 
the  Julian.  The  maritime  Alps  are  so  called  from 
their  proximity  to  the  Mediterranean.  Over  the 
Pennine  Alps,  along  Mount  Simplon,  Bonaparte 
passed  into  Italy  to  tight  the  battle  of  Mareiigo,  in 
1800.  The  Alpine  mountains  are  inheightfrom4000 
to  12,000  feet,  separated  orily  by  narrow  vallies. 
Mont  Blanc  is  15,500  feet  high,  being  the  highest 
mountain  in  Europe.  It  is  in  Savoy,  and  is  seen 
from  Dijon  and  Langres,  a  distance  of  140  miles. 

Alps,  the  Suahian  or  JVirtemberg,  a  chain  of 
mountains,  70  miles  in  length  and  from  15  to  20  in 
breadth,  which  separates  the  channel  of  the  Dan- 
ube from  that  of  the  Neckax-,  and  occupies  the  S. 
E.  corner  of  the  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg.  It  is  a. 
continuation  of  the  mountain  tract  called  the 
Black  Forest. 

Alps,  Lower,  dep.  France,  formed  of  the  N.  E. 
part  of  Provence.  Extent,  373  square  leagues. 
Pop.  147,910. 


Alps,  Upper,  dep.  of  France,  having  N.  and  E 
the  Cottian  Alps,  which  separate  it  from  Piedmont. 
Extent  251  square  leagues.     Pop.  121,523. 

Alresford,  t.  Eng.  in  Southamptonshire,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Winchester. 

Alrewas,  v.  and  parish  of  Eng,  Staffordsliire,  on 
the  Trent.     Pop.  1,121.     7  m.  N.  E.  Litchfield. 

Alroe,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Horsens,  in  Jutland, 
Lon.  10°  30'  E.  Lat.  55°  52'  N. 

Alsace,  province  of  France,  now  formed  into  the 
departments  of  the  Upperand  Loiver  Rhine,  which 
see. 

Almcp,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,275. 

Alschausen,  a  castle  in  Suabia,  near  Biberach, 
9  m.  S.  Buchau.     Pop.  1,600. 

Alsen,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  lying  bet.  isl.  Funen  and 
the  E.  coast  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  15,045. 

Alsens,  v.  Bavaria,  in  Sponlieira.  Pop.  1,100. 
9  m.  S.  Kreutznach. 

Alsfeld,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse.  Pop.  3,020.  50 
m.  N.  E.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine. 

Alshash,  province  of  Great  Bukharia,  on  the 
river  Sihon.     Lat.  43°  N. 

Alsheim,  a  market  t.  in  Hesse.  Pop.  1,030.  10 
m.  N.  Worms. 

Alsingsund,  strait,  in  the  Baltic,  near  Sunder- 
burg,  separates  the  isl.  of  Alsen  from  the  main  land 
of  Sleswick. 

Alsleben,  or  Alschlehen,  t.  and  castle  of  Prussia, 
in  the  duchy  of  Magdeburg,  on  tlie  Saale.  Pop. 
1,070.     9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bernburg. 

Also-Sajo,  V.  Hungary,  in  Gomor  co.  Much 
quicksilver  and  cinnabar  are  obtained  here. 

Alstadt,  t.  in  Saxe-Weiniar.  Pop.  620.  28  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Erfurt. 

Alstead,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. ;  38  m.  W.  of 
Concord.     Pop.  1,694. 

Alston,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  fr.  Preston. 
Pop.  609. 

Alston,  t.  N.  C.  near  the  sea,  20  m.  W.  Bruns- 
wick. 

Alswang,  or  Alswanger,  castle  and  t.  on  the 
Baltic,  in  Courland,  Russia,  10  m.  W.  Goldingen. 

Altabonita,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  Cuba. 

Alta  Gracia,  city  of  S.  America,  cap.  of  Sata- 
gos,  in  Granada  ;  also,  t.  Buenos-Ayres,  20  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Cordova  ;  3  settlements  in  Guiana  ;  one  in 
Tucuman  ;  and  one  in  Venezuela. 

Altai,  mountains  in  Asia,  commence  near  the 
sea  of  Aral  and  terminate  on  the  Pacific  ocean  at 
East  cape,  in  lon.  170°  W.  They  traverse  about 
5,000  iniles  under  different  names,  the  Kolhyvan- 
V^oskresentz*,  Korbolokinsk,  Alaskaia,  Oubinsk,  or 
Vobrosk,  Buktarminsk,  Teletsk,  Tcliarinsk,  Kun- 
etzk,  Krasnoyarslr.  The  highest  part  of  the  chain 
is  computed  to  be  10,730  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  They  contain  iron,  copper,  and  lead  ore, 
and  gold  and  silver  mines.  Hei'e  was  found  an  in- 
sulated mass  of  native  iron  of  1440  lbs.  weight. 

Altamaha.     See  Alatamaha. 

Altamura,  t.  Naples,  prov.  of  Bari,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  15,000.  6  m.  N.  E.  Gra- 
vina. 

Altar,  t.  Mexico,  prov.  of  Sonora.  The  name  also 
of  a  lofty  mountain  of  Quito. 

Altara,  t.  in  Genoa,  5  m.  N.  Savona. 

Altavilla,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  18  m. 
S.  E.  Salerno  ;  another  in  principato  Ultra,  7  m. 
S.  Benevento. 

Altburg,  V.Germany,  in  Wirtemberg.  Pop.  1,400. 

Alt-Closter,  t.  Bremen,  12  m.  S.  E.  Stade. 

Alte-Fchr,  t.  in  the  island  ot  Rugen,  3  nt.  W,  S. 
W.  Bergren. 


36 


A  L  T 


AUena,,  amanufacturingt.  in  the  Prussian  grand 
duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Lenne  and 
Nette.     Pop.  3,300.     30  m.  N.  E.  Cologne. 

AUena.,  a  district  in  S.  Holland,  bet.  the  Maese 
and  Biesboch. 

Altemiu,  a  mining  t.  of  Hanover,  in  the  Hartz, 
9  m.  fr.  Goslar.     Pop.  1,100. 

AUenbechen,  a  parochial  v.  in  the  Prussian 
grand  duchy  of  the  lower  Rhine,  3.  m.  E.  of  Lepp- 
spring.     Near  it  is  a  productive  iron  mine. 

Altenberg,  t.  in  the  mining  country  of  Saxony, 
18  m.  S.  of  Dresden. 

Alfenbruck,  or  Oldenbrock,  t.  Hanover,  27  m.  N. 
W.  ofStade.     Pop.  2,600. 

Altenburg,  principality  in  Germany,  wliich  is 
divided  into  two  parts  by  the  county  of  Gera.  It 
belongs  to  the  house  of  Gotha,  and  is  now  parti- 
tioned between  the  branches  of  Gotha  and  Saal- 
feld.  The  former  possesses  seven  bailiwicks,  in 
which  there  are  616  square  miles,  and  96,000  in- 
habitants. The  soil  of  this  pai't  is  very  produc- 
tive, the  stock  of  cattle  good,  and  the  people  in- 
dustrious and  comfortable.  The  Saalfeld  portion 
consists  ofthree  bailiwicks,  of  154  square  miles,and 
about  25,000  inhabitants.  The  states  of  the  prin- 
cipality are  composed  of  nobility,  and  of  the  depu- 
ties of  the  town  of  Altenburg,  Saalfeld,  and  Eissen- 
berg. 

Altenburg,  cap.  of  the  above  principality,  was 
formerly  a  free  town  of  the  empire.  Pop.  9,500 
gOm.  S.  Leipsic. 

Altenburg,  or  Hungarian  Altenburg,  t.  Hunga- 
ry, at  the  influx  of  the  Leitha  into  the  Danube.  It 
has  an  active  trade  in  horned  cattle  and  fruit.  17 
m.  S.  of  Presburg,  40  S.  E.  Vienna. 

Altenburg,  lordship,  castle  and  village,  with  a 
medicinal  bath,  on  the  Danube,  in  Lower  Austria, 
near  the  frontiers  of  Hungary.  . 

Altenburg,  market  t.  in  Transylvania,  on  White 
Korosch  river. 

Altenburg,  market  t.  in  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
confines  of  Moravia,  14  m  fr.  Crems. 

Altenburn,  t.  Prussia  in  Oberland,  2  m.  N.  W. 
Liebmuhl, 

Altendamlaeh,  t.  Germany,  5  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Schlewsingen. 

Allendorn,  t.  of  Westphalia,  37  m.  E.  Cologne. 

Altenheim,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.  1,300. 

Altenhofen,  market  t.  in  Carinthia,  on  the  Met- 
nitz,  with  a  castle.   4  m.  N.  E.  Veit. 

Altenkirchen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  Westerwald. 
It  was  the  scene  of  several  obstinate  conflicts  be- 
tween the  French  and  Austrians  in  1796.  15  m. 
i\.  N.  E.  Coblentz. 

Altenkivchen,  market  t.  of  Pomerania,  near  the 
point  of  the  peninsula. 

Altenlandsberg,  t.  Prussia  in  Brandenburg.  Pop. 
910. 

Altenmarkt,  or  Altenwicht,  a  market  t.  in  Up- 
per Bavaria,  26  m.  N.  W.  Saltsburg. 

Altenmarket,  two  market  townsin  the  Austrian 
dominions  ;  one  near  the  Ens,  in  Styria,  14  m.  N. 
E.  Rottenmann  ;  the  other  in  Lower  Austria,  4 
m.  S.  W.  Baden. 

Altenmumter,  v.  Bavaria,  on  the  Zusam.  Pop. 
1,170. 

Alten-Oettingen,  market  t.  Upper  Bavaria. 
Pop.  1,400. 

AltensMenbach,  v.  Bavaria,  formerly  in  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  imperial  city  of  Nuremberg. 

Altenstadt,  v  jFrance,  in  Lower  Alsace,  9  leagues 
N.  N.  E.  Strasburg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ahensludt,  v.  Wirtemberg.    Pop.  500. 


ALT 

Allemteig,  t  and  lordship,  with  a  castle,  in 
Lower  Austria,  55  m.  N.  W.  Vienna. 

Altensteig,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  a  rocky  hill  in 
the  Black  Forest,  on  Nagold  river.     Pop.  1,400. 

Altentrop,  t.  in  the  Prussian  province  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  50  m.  E.  Dusseldorf. 

Alter  de  Chaon,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  84  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Lisbon. 

Allgebhartsdorf,  v.  in  the  S.  E.  of  Upper  Lusatia. 
Pop.  2,680. 

Althorp,  harbor  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  King 
George  the  I'Mrd's  archipelago,  between  Point 
Lucan  and  Point  Lavinia.  There  are  islands  at 
its  entrance  ;  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  spacious 
navigable  channel.  Lon.  223°  55'  E.  Lat.  88° 
11'  N. 

AUikon,  district,  with  a  v.  in  the  Swiss  canton 
of  Zurich.     Pop.  900. 

Altin,  Altai/,  or  Teletsk,  lake,  Asiatic  Russia,  in 
Kolhyvane,  84  m.  long,  by  56  broad.  The  source 
of  the  river  Biya. 

Altisried,  t.  Bavaria,  6  m.  fr.  Kemptem.  Pop. 
1,750. 

Altkamitz,  v.  Silesia,  circle  of  Hirschberg.  Pop. 
1,240. 

Altkirch,  t.  dep.  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  in  France, 
on  an  eminence,  6  m.  S.  W.  Muhlhausen.  Pop. 
1,625. 

Altlustheim,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite 
Spires.     Pop.  920. 

Altmark,  a  division  of  the  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Elbe.  It  contained  30  years 
ago,  an  extent  of  1,670  square  miles,  13  towns,  6 
royal  bailiwicks,  27  manors,  494  villages,  16,938 
houses,  and  98,305  inhabitants. 

Altmark,  t.  Prussia,  in  Little  Pomerania,  9  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Marienburg. 

Alto,  San  Andres  del.  4  villages  in  S.  America  : 
two  in  Quito,  one  in  Brazil,  and  one  in  Peru. 

Altobelo,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Hispaniola, 
seen  at  a  great  distance.  Lon.  71°  18'  N.  Lat.  17° 
38'  W. 

Altomonte,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra  ;  has 
mines  of  gold,  silver,  iron,  and  salt,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Cassano. 

Altomunster,  t.  Bavaria,  20  m.,  N,  W,  Munich, 
Pop.  750. 

Alton,  market  t.  Eng.  Southamptonshire,  47  m. 
W.  S.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,316. 

Alton  t.  Straflbrd  co.  N.  H.  on  the  S.  end  of 
Lake  Winnipiseogee,  22  m.  N.  E.  Concord.  Pop. 
1,279. 

Alton,  t.  Madison  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi, 
3  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  Near  it  is 
a  coal  mine.  It  is  a  new  settlement,  regularly 
laid  out,  and  is  destined  to  become  the  commer- 
cial capital  of  the  state. 

Altona,  or  AUena,  a  large  city,  2  m.  W.  Ham- 
burgh, on  the  Elbe,  belonging  to  Denmark.  Hou- 
ses 3, 1 20.  Pop.  above  30,000,  Lutherans,  Calvin- 
ists.  Catholics,  Anabaptists,  and  Jews.  The  lat- 
ter pay  yearly  for  toleration  and  protection  2000 
ducats.  They  have  a  large  synagogtie.  The 
number  of  vessels  is  upwards  of  100,  which  trade 
in  the  ports  of  the  Baltic  and  North  seas  and  the 
Mediterranean,  and  are  employed  in  the  fisheries 
for  herring,  cod,  whale,  and  seals.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  velvet,  silk  stuffs,  calico,  stock- 
ings, leather,  gloves,  tobacco,  vinegar,  starch, 
wax,  and  looking-glasses,  with  sugar  refineries 
and  brandy.  The  principal  public  establishments 
are  an  academy  with  7  teachers,  a  library,  a 
house  of  correction,  and  an  orphan-house. 


A  L  V 

Allorf,  t.  Switzeiiand,  cap.  ofUri,  near  the  riv- 
er Reuss,  surrounded  with  rising  grounds  and 
beautiful  gardens.  Here  the  tyrant  Geisler  pro- 
ceeded to  those  indignities,  which,  through  the 
patriotism  of  William  Tell,  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  Swiss  independence.  Pop.  4,000.  20  m.  S. 
E.  Lucern.     Lon.  8°  27'  E.  Lat.  46°  50'  N. 

Mtorf,  or  Altdorf.,  t.  Bavaria,  capital  of  a  dist. 
of  the  same  name,  in  the  circle  of  Rezat,  former- 
ly in  the  territory  of  the  imperial  city  of  Nurem- 
berg. Pop.  in  1 803,  2,070,  of  whom  220  belonged 
to  the  now  suppressed  university.  The  culture 
of  hops  and  brewing  are  important  branches  of  in- 
dustry. 12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Nuremberg,  34  E.  N.  E. 
Anspach.     Lon.  1 1°  20'  E.  Lat.  49°  23'  N. 

Altorf^  an  upper  bailiwick,  parish,  and  market  t. 
Suabia,  in  Wirtemberg,  5  m.  N.  E.  Ravensburg. 
Pop.  6,900. 

Allorf.  t.  Hungary,  18  m.  N.  Leutch, 

Allorf  v.  and  castle  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Ba- 
den, near  Ettenheim.  Pop.  1,140,  Christians  and 
Jews. 

Allorf  V.  France,  dep.  Lower  Rhine,  3  leagues 
W.  S.  W.  Strasburg.     Pop.  721. 

Altrasen,  v.  in  the  Tyrol.     Pop.  3,100. 

Altreiisch,  a  market  t.  Moravia,  in  the  circle  of 
Iglau,  S.  of  Iglau. 

Allnngham,  or  Altrincham,  t.  Eng.  Cheshire. 
It  has  manufactories  of  yam,  worsted,  and  cotton, 
an  annual  fair  and  a  weekly  market.  Pop.  2,082. 
179  m.  fr.  London. 

Altscku'ciher,  v.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden. 
Pop.  1,720. 

Allsohl,  mining  t.  Hungary,  in  the  lower  circle 
of  the  county  of  Sohl,  on  the  r.  Gran.  Pop.  1,770. 
There  are  2  chalybeate  spi'ings  in  its  suburbs.  88 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Presburg. 

Allstadl,  t.  Wirtemberg,  near  Rotweil.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Allstadl.  t.  Moravia.      Pop.  1,150. 

Allsted,  t.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  5  m.  N.  W.  Aahaus. 

Altun  Kupri,  or  Altoun  Kopri,  the  Golden 
Bridge,  t,  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Bagdad,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Little  Zab,  or  Altun.  Here  is  a  Turk- 
ish garrison.  Pop.  2,000.  210  m.  fr.  Bagdad,  90 
S.  E.  Mosul.     Lon.  43°  20'  E.  Lat.  35°  45'  N. 

Altun-Su,  r.  Asia,  flows  into  the  Tigris,  10  m. 
above  Tecrit,  in  Kurdistan. 

Allun-Ta.th,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  20  m. 
N.  W.  Kutayeh. 

Altura,  V.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  1  m.  fr.  Segorbe, 
Pop.  1,510. 

Altwarp,  t.  on  the  Frische  Haff,  Pomerania,  7 
m.  E.  Uckermunde. 

Allwasser,  v.  Silesia.  Pop.  560.  2  m.  N.  Wal- 
denburg. 

Altwolfach,  v.  Baden.     Pop.  1,350. 
Allsenau,  t.  Hesse,  5  m.   S.  E.  Hauau.     Pop. 
500. 

Allzey,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Selsach. 
Pop.  3,051.     23  m.  N.  W.  Worms. 

Alum-creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Big  Walnut,  8 
m.  S.  E.  Columbus. 

Alumpore,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  W.  Midnapore. 
Alunkar,  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Afghanistan, 
between  35°  and  36°  N.  Lat. 

Alur,  or  Alvar,  a  district,  N.  W.  part  of  Agra, 
India. 

Alva,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  8  m.  N.  W.  Lamego. 
Alva,  V.  Scotland,  Sterlingshire.    Pop  909.    4 
m,  N.  Alloa. 


A  M  A 


37 


Alva  de  Tormes,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon.  12  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Salamanca.  Here  is  a  palace  of  the  duke  of  Alva, 
in. good  preservation,  and  strangers  are  shewn  the 
chamber  occupied  by  the  duke.  It  was  one  of 
lord  Wellington's  stations,  in  the  campaign  ot 
1812. 

Alvallada,  t.  Portugal,  in^  Alentejo,  16  m.  N. 
Purique. 

Alvanna,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  9  m.  S.  Vitto- 
ria. 

Alvano,t.  Portuguese  Estremadura.  Pop,  1,900. 

Alvar,  fort.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  district,  77 
m.  from  Delhi.     Lon,  76°  46'E.  Lat.  27°  41'  N. 

Alvarado,  large  r.  of  Mexico,  in  Vera  Cruz,  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  36  m.  S.  S.  E.  Vera  Cruz. 

Alvarado,  t.  Mexico,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
above  river,  39  m.  S.  S.  E.  Vera  Cruz. 

Alvarcoil,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Tinnevellev,  70  m. 
N.  E.  Cape  Comorin.  Lon,  78°  2*  N.  'Lat.  8° 
50'l>r. 

./4;rare5,t.  Portuguese  Estremadura.  Pop.  1,500. 

Alvayazer,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  13  m.  N, 
Thomar. 

Alvechurch,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  5  m. 
N.  E  Bromsgrove.     Pop.  1,344. 

Alved,  t.  Sweden,  E.  Gothland.    Lat.  58°  13'  N. 

Alvenau,  commune,  Switzerland,  in  the  Grisons. 
Near  the  village  is  a  sulphureous  bath. 

Alvensleben,  v.  Prussia,  in  Magdeburg.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Alverca,  t  Portugal,  on  the  Tagus,  6  m.  N. 
Lisbon.     Pop.  1,200, 

Alverd,  t,  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  60  m,  S.  S.  W. 
Fehrabad. 

Alverthorpe,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  IJ  m.  fr,  Wake- 
field,    Pop,  3,756. 

Alverton,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire.  Pop.  934.  3 
m.  fr.  Cheadle. 

Alvidona,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  9  m,  N. 
E.  Cassano. 

Al-Fillar,  t.  Spanish  Estramadnra,  9  m.  fr. 
Placensia.  Here  are  the  remains  of  the  Roman 
aqueduct,  which  *conveyed  the  excellent  water  of 
this  place  to  Caparra. 

Alviso,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  10  m.  E 
Capua. 

Alvito,t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  18  m.  S.  S.  E 
Evora. 

Alvorninha,  t,  Portuguese  Estremadura,  22  m 
S.  S,  W,  Leyria, 

Alwen,  r.  Wales,  runs  into  the  Dee,  7  m,  N,  N, 
E.   Bala, 

Ali/th,  t,  Scotland,  Perthshire,  It  has  yarn  and 
brown  linen  manufactures,  and  9  annual  fairs. 
Pop,  2,563.     12  m.  W.  Forfar. 

Alzira,  or  Algecira,  fortified  t.  Spain,  20  m.  S. 
Valencia,  on  the  Xucar.     Pop.  10,000, 

Alzon,  t.  France,  dep,  of  the  Gard.  Pop.  900. 
50  m,  W,  Nismes. 

Alzonne,  t.  France,  on  the  Fresquel,  dep.  of  the 
Aude.     10  m.  W.  Carcassone.     Pop.  1,510. 

Am,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  25  m.  S.  Felura- 
bad. 

Amaba,  t.  Japan,  100  m.  E.  N.  E.  Meaco. 

Amachetrum,  t.  Hind,  in  Marawar,  30  m.  S.  W, 
Tanjore. 

Amachura,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  runs  N. 
into  the  Orinoco,  at  its  mouth. 

Amacore,  large  r.  S.  America,  in  Guiana,  which 
runs  from  the  Cordillera,  E.  into  the  Atlantic. 

Amacuro,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  runs  N. 
into  the  Orinoco  at  its  mouth,  de  Navio.  S. 


38 


A  M  A 


A  M  A 


Amacusia,  isl.  Japan,  near  the  Ximo.  Lou. 
129°  15'  E.  Lat.  31°  33'  N. 

Amada,  t.  Japan,  63  m.  N.Meaco. 

Amadabas,  t.  Hind,  in  Doulatabad,  23  m.  S.  W. 
Amednagur. 

Amadan.     See  Hamadan. 

Anwdea,  r.  S.  America,  in  Granada,  joins  the 
Meta  near  its  source. 

Amadia,  t.  and  fort,  Asia,  in  Kurdistan,  on  a 
lofty  mountain.  At  its  base  is  a  plain  covered 
with  villages  ;  from  which  there  is  an  ascent,  by 
a  narrow  flight  of  steps  cut  out  of  tlie  rock.  It  is  a 
place  of  trade.     72  m.  N.  Mosul. 

Amaguana,  t.  S.  America,  10  m.  S.  Quito. 

Arnaguana,  r.  S.  America,  in  Quito,  rises  on 
the  W.  declivity  of  the  Andes,  and  joins  the  Esme- 
raldas  near  the  village  of  St.  Antonio. 

Amaillon,  v.  f^rance,  dep.  of  Deux  Sevres,  30 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Niort. 

Amaiuca,  r.  S.  America,  runs  into  the  Amazon, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Napo. 

Amalaeva,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Frozen 
ocean.     Lon.  128°  14'  E.  Lat.  71°  10'  N. 

Amalagan,  or  Island  of  Conception,  one  of  the 
Ladrone  islands,  3^  m.  fr.  Gugnan.  Lon.  128° 
14'E.  Lat.  18°  10' N. 

Amal/i,  or  Amalphi,  t.  Naples.  Pop.  2,750.  10 
m.  S.  W.  Salerno. 

Amambai,  r.  Paraguay,  runs  into  the  Parana, 
opposite  the  isl.  Salto. 

Aman,  district  of  Sumatra  island,  near  the  cen- 
tre. 

Amana,  in  Sac.  Geog.  part  of  Mount  Lebanon. 

Amance,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Upper  Saone. 
Pop.  900.  15  m.  N.  Vesoul ;  another,  6  m.  N. 
Nancy,  in  the  dep.  of  the  Meurthe. 

Amancouh,  Amankoh,  or  Eclikilge,  fort,  Persia, 
in  Khorassan,  15  m.  S.  Herat. 

Amanda,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W.  Lancas- 
ter.   Pop.  83G. 

Amandarille,  p-v.  Elbert  co.  Georgia. 

Amangasacki,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon  island,  35  m. 
S.  W.  Meaco.  • 

Amanguchi,  t.  Japan,  cEtp.  of  Nangaro,  and  one 
of  the  wealthiest  towns  of  Japan.  215  m.  S.  W. 
Meaco.     Lon.  120°  34'  E.  Lat.  34°  N. 

Amanibo,  r.  S.  America,  in  Dutch  Guiana,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5°  57'  N. ;  also,  a  t.  on 
the  coast  between  Paramaribo  and  Cayenne. 

Amantea,  t.  Naples,  on  the  coast  of  Calabria  Ci- 
tra,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oliva.  Pop.  2,700.  12 
m.  S.  W.  Cosenza. 

Amanu,  t.  Asia,  10  m.  S.  Mocatimpour. 

Amanzirifdcn,  t.  Arabia.  440  m.  E.  Mecca,  584 
N.  E.  Mocha.     Lon.  67°  30'  E.  Lat.  20°  25'  N. 

Amaonos,  t.  S.  America,  in  Quito,  20  m.  N.  E. 
St.  Joachim  de  Omaguas. 

Amapalla,  t.  Mexico,  in  Nicaragua,  on  a  point 
of  land  running  into  the  Pacitic,  12  m.  fr.  Seui  Mi- 
-guel. 

Amapalla,  large  gulf  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, betAveenGuatimala  ?.nd  Nicaragua ;  nearly  60 
m.  in  length,  and  from  9  to  30  in  breadth  ;  also 
called  the  Gulf  of  Fonseca.  100  m.  N.  W.  Leon. 
Lon.  88°  56' W.  Lat.  13°  30' N. 

Amapet,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  10  m.  S,  W. 
Trichinopoly. 

Amara,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  110  m.  N.  W.  Bassora. 

Amarante,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Douro  e  Minho, 
on  the  Tamega,  near  its  junction  with  the  Douro. 
Pop.  4000.  23  m.  S.  E.  Braga,  30  E.  N.  E.  Opor- 
to.  ^'    *    "   ' 


Amaraloor,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  12  m.  E.  JN. 
E.  Nagoimungalum. 

Amarchelta,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  18  m.  N.  Ra- 
chore. 

Amargos,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Chili,  at  the  moutli 
of  the  river  Valdivia. 

Amargnso,  r.  Brazil,  enters  the  Atlantic  between 
point  Tiburon  and  point  Mello.     Lat.  5°  S. 

Amargura,  or  Gardner's  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  It 
has  marks  of  volcanic  eruptions.  Lon.  175°  10' 
W.  Lat.  17°  57'  S. 

Amaro,  Juan,  t.  Brazil,  in  Todos  Santos,  near 
the  river  Panuaca.  Lon.  4U°  14'  W.  Lat.  13° 
17'  N.  The  other  villages  of  this  name  in  S.  Amer- 
ica are  inconsiderable. 

Amaruco,  r.  S.  America,  runs  N.  into  the  Ori- 
noco, at  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops  10 
or  12  miles. 

Amarumaiu,  a  large  r.  Peru,  rises  in  the  Andes, 
13°  30'  S.  lat.  and  enters  the  Amazon,  in  4°  36'  S.  lat'. 

Amasa,  t.  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Niphon,  8  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Jeddo. 

Amasatrum,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  the  Car- 
natic, 10  m.  N.  Tondy. 

Atnasia,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  Kizil- 
ermark,  surrounded  by  mountains.  The  mosque 
with  its  two  lofty  minarets  are  of  hewn  stone. 
The  baths  is  of  hewn  stone ;  in  front  of  tliem 
are  promenades  under  rows  of  trees.  Water  is 
raised  from  the  riverin  buckets  fixed  to  the  circum- 
ference of  large  wheels  nearly  30  feet  in  diameter, 
turned  by  the  stream.  The  buckets  empty  them- 
selves into  reservoirs,  and  the  water  is  thence  con- 
veyed in  pipes  to  the  baths  and  fountains.  Wine, 
resembling  sherry,  is  made  here.  It  is  the  birth- 
place of  the  famous  geographer  Strabo.  Pop. 
60,000  or  70,000,  chieily  Christians.  200  m.  E. 
Constantinople.    Lon.  36°  12'  E.  Lat.  40°  40'  N. 

Amasreh,  or  Amestros,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia, 
on  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  the  Black  sea, 
150  m.  E.  N.  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  32°  24'  E'. 
Lat.  42°  20'  N. 

Amassia,  t.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Timor.  Lon. 
125°  27'  E.  Lat.  0°  18'  S. 

Amathante,  v.  Cyprus,  i  m.  fr.  the  S.  shore,  the 
site  of  an  ancient  city.    3  m.  E.  Limasol. 

Amatiques,  gulf  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras. The  Gulf  of  Dolce  communicates  through 
it  with  the  bay. 

Amato,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  on  Amato 
river,  7  m.  S.  E.  Nicastro. 

AmaUa-foa.    See  Toofoa. 

Amazons,  Maranon,  or  Orellana,  r.  S.  America, 
the  largest  in  the  world,  formed  by  the  Tungura- 
gua  and  the  Ucayale.  The  Tunguragua  issues 
from  the  lake  Lauricocha,  in  Peru,  lat.  10°  29'  S. 
The  Ucayale  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Apu- 
rimac,  and  the  Beni.  It  runs  into  the  ocean  un- 
der the  equinoctial  line,  after  a  course  of  more 
than  4000  miles.  The  mouth  is  about  180  mile3 
wide  ;  the  tide  water  is  distinctly  felt  at  Obidos, 
400  miles  above.  Among  the  rivers  which  fall  in- 
to it  from  the  N.  are  Santiago,  Morona,  Pastaza, 
Tigre,  Napo,  Negro,  Putumayo,  Yupura,  Yagua- 
piri,  Curupatuba,  and  Yari,  and  from  the  S.  Gual- 
laga,  Ucayale,  Cuchivara,  Yahuari,  Yutay,  or 
Yotau,  Cayari,  Madera,  Topaios,  Chingu,  Guan- 
apu,  Muju.  Its  banks  are  clothed  with  immense 
woods,  which  afford  a  haunt  for  tigers,  bears,  leop- 
ards, -Of  ild  boars,  and  venomous  reptiles.  Its  wa- 
ters swarm  with  alligators,  some  of  them  from  20 
to  30  feet  long.     The  turtles  are  most  deliciou? 


A  M  B 

aiid  numerous,  and  various  in  species  and  size.  In 
the  neighbouring  woods  are  a  variety  of  birds  of 
beautiful  plumage,  and  innumerable  apes.  The 
vegetable  productions  are  cacao,  cinnamon,  va- 
nilla, pines,  coffee,  sugar  canes,  rice,  maize,  plan- 
tains, lemons,  limes,  oranges  ;  also  vi^ax,  storax, 
copal,  and  other  balsams,  resins,  and  medicinal 
plants  ;  precious  woods ;  such  as  cedar,  red- wood, 
holly- wood,  pine,  and  other  woods,  and  some  of  ex- 
treme hardness  like  ebony.  In  the  freshets  the 
country  for  several  hundred  miles  is  laid  under 
water. 

Ambacko,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes,  in  Tello 
bay.     Lon.  121°  51'  E.  Lat.  2°  20'  S. 

Ambala,  t.  Cochin,  20  m.  N.  E.  Cranganore. 

Ambalah,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Delhi,  belonging  to  the 
Seiks. 

Ambanivoules,  people  in  the  interior  of  Ma- 
dagascar, at  the  foot  of  the  Bamboo  mountains. 
They  supply  the  inhabitants  of  the  coast  with  pro- 
visions. 

Ambar,  t.  Asia,  in  Karasm,  30  m.  S.  Urkonje. 

Ambares,  t  France,  4i  m.  fr.  Bordeaux,  dep. 
of  the  Gironde. 

Ambarpet,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  7  m.  E.  Hydra- 
bad. 

Anibato,  Assienfo,  de,  cap.  of  a  district  of  the 
same  name  in  S.  America,  on  the  banks  of  a  large 
river.  In  1698  it  was  destroyed  by  an  eruption  of 
the  volcano  of  Cotopaxi.  It  is  in  a  fertile  country 
and  has  an  extensive  commerce.  54  m.  fr.  Quito. 
Lon.780  25'  E.  Lat.  P  14'  W. 

Ambato,  r.  S.  America,  in  Quito,  and  runs  with 
a  tremendous  stream,  and  is  passed  by  a  strong 
bridge  braced  with  iron.  It  joins  other  rivei-s  to 
fqrm  the  Patate. 

Ambazac,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Upper  Vienne. 
12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Limoges.     Pop.  2,800. 

Ambeer,  ancient  cap.  of  Jypore  or  Jyenaghur  in 
Hind.    Lon.  75°  53'  E.  Lat  26°  48'  N. 

Ambelachia,  Ambelakia,  or  Amphilochia,  Grecian 
V.  in  Thessaly,  on  the  declivity  of  mount  Ossa,  and 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Peneus,  between  Larissa 
and  the  ^gean  sea.  The  number  of  dye-houses 
for  Turkish  red  yarn  is  24,  and  the  yearly  export 
over  land  to  Germany,  2500  bales  (about  7500 
cwt.)  of  thread. 

Ambeli,  t.  Hind,  in  Canara,  30  m.  E.  S.  E.  Man- 
galore. 

Ambenay,  t.  France,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Riile,  in  the  dep.  of  the  Eure,  18  m.  S.  W.  Ev- 
reux.     It  has  a  considerable  linen  trade. 

Amber,  p-v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  145  W.  Albany. 

Amber  Bay,  of  Yucatan,  in  the  bay  of  Hondu- 
ras.    Lon.  88°  50'  W.  Lat.  19°  42'  N. 

Amberg,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  Regen  and 
the  seat  of  the  court  of  appeal,  on  the  Vils.  Pop. 
9,000.  Here  are  an  academy  and  lyceum,  a  hos- 
pital, several  religious  houses,  and  a  convent  of 
Buns,  composed  of  ladies  of  noble  families,  who 
maintain  a  public  school  for  young  girls.  Also,  a 
castle,  arsenal,  government  buildings,  and  for  the 
mint, one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  Germany.  It 
has  manufactures  of  fire  arms,  earthen  ware,  to- 
bacco, and  iron,  and  a  public  repository  for  salt. 
Pop.  of  the  district,  13,339,  exclusive  of  the  town. 

Amberg,  Little.     See  Abcnberg. 

Ambergrcase-Key,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
on  tlie  coast  of  Yucatan.  Abounds  withfresh  wa- 
ter lalfps  ;  is  stocked  with  game,  and  produces 
logwood,  and  other  dye-woods.  Lon.  88°  48'  W. 
Lat.  18°  50'  X. 


A  M  B 


39 


Amber ieu,  or  St.  Germain  d'Amberieux,  t- 
France,  in  the  dep.  of  the  Ain.  Pop.  2,850.  20  m- 
S.  E.  Bourg. 

Amberi,  t.  France,  on  the  Dore,  dep.  of  the  Puy- 
de-Dome.  It  contains  manufactures  of  woollen 
stuffs,  needles,  thimbles,  playing  cards,  and  tape. 
Its  paperis  the  best  in  France.  Its  export  before  the 
revolution  was  valued  at  40,000/.  Near  here 
are  the  gi-anite  mountains,  which  separate 
Auvei'gne  from  Forez.  Pop.  £,467.  27  m.  E.  Is- 
soire. 

Ambierte,  t.  France,  in  the  Lyonnois.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Ambil,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands.  Produces 
wax  and  hemp.     On  it  is  a  volcano. 

Amblaww,  or  Belaw,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands. 
6  m.  S.  Bouro.     Lon.  127°  0'  E.  Lat.  3°  55'  S. 

Ambleside,  h  Eng.  Westmorelandshire. 

Ambleleuse,  t,  France,  dep.  of  Pas  de  Calais,  4 
m.  S.  Boulogne. 

Amboah,  t.  Bengal,  3  m.  S.  Culna. 

Amboilambs.     See  Ancove. 

Amboisa,  s-p.  of  Madagascar,  in  Antongil  bay. 
Lon.  50°  5'  E.  Lat.  15°  30'  S. 

Amboise,  t.  France,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Amasse  and  Loire.  15  m.  E  Tours.     Pop.  5,660. 

Ambon,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Morbihan,  9  m. 
S.  E.  Vannes. 

Amboon,  t.  and  district.  Hind.  30  m.  W.  Arcol, 
108  W.  S.W.Madras. 

Amboong,  t.  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon. 
116°  24' E.     Lat.  6°  16' N. 

Amboton,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands.  Lon. 
121°  8'  E.     Lat.  12°  15'  N. 

Amboul,  or  Emboul,  v.  cap.  of  Cayor,  in  W. 
Africa,  70  m.  N.  E.  Goree. 

Ambour/uiy,  t.  France,  between  Lyons  and  Ge- 
neva, 17  m.  S.  E.  Bourg. 

Ambay,  or  Perth  Amboy,  city,  and  p-t.  Middle- 
sex CO.  N.  J.  on  a  point  of  land,  at  the  union  of 
Raritan  river  with  Arthur  Kull  Sound,  35  m.  S. 
W.  New  York,  74  N.  E.  Philadelphia.  It  has  one 
of  the  best  harbors  on  the  continent.  Pop.  815. 
Shipping  in  1816,  10,899  tons. 

Amboyna,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  Se&,  the  chief  of  the 
Molucca  or  Spice  islands,  all  the  others  being  de- 
pendent on  its  jurisdiction.  Itis  between  50  and  60 
miles  in  length.  Pop.  about  50,000.  The  clove 
tree  has  been  carefully  cultivated  here  for  centu- 
ries. The  cloves  are  collected  tAvice  a  year :  the 
average  quantity  produced  in  the  island  exceeds 
650,000  pounds ;  in  some  years  it  amounts  to  a 
million.  It  is  a  Missionary  station,  the  most  re- 
mote of  the  stations  in  the  Eastern  Hemisphere  ; 
and  contains  churches,  a  seminary  for  educating 
Native  Teachers  to  take  charge  of  schools,  and  a 
printing  press.  3230  m.  S.  E.  Calcutta.  Lon. 
128°  15'  E.     Lat.  3°  40'  S. 

Ambm^na,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  above  island,  situ- 
ated in  the  peninsula  of  Lctymor,  on  a  bay  whose 
entrance  is  between  two  high  and  steep  points, 
about  6  miles  asunder,  and  which  penetrates 
about  21  miles  inland,  gradually  becoming  nart 
rower.  At  the  site  of  the  town  it  is  two  miles 
across,  with  deep  water.  On  the  S.  shore  of  the 
bay,  and  in  front  of  Amboyna,  is  Fort  Vittoria. 
mounting  six  pieces  of  cannon,  and  containing 
several  public  offices.  The  town  is  regularly 
built,  in  form  of  an  oblong  square,  300  rods  long, 
and  100  broad.  Most  of  the  houses  consist  of  only 
one  story,  on  account  of  the  frequent  earthqunkrs. 
Lon.  128°  15  E.    Lat.  3°  4^  S. 


40 


A  M  E 


A  M  E 


Ambozes,  three  small  islands  near  the  mouths  of 
the  river  Camarones,  on  the  coast  of  Benin,  in 
Africa.     Lat.  4°  15'  N. 

Ambrarttly,  r.  Hind,  rises  8  m.  S.  Coimbetoor, 
and  runs  into  the  Cavery,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Caroor. 

Ambrieres,  t.  France,  dep.  of  Mayenne.  Pop. 
2,230.     6  m.  N.  Mayenne. 

Ainbriz,  r.  of  Congo,  in  Africa,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  7°  S. 

Airibrosis,  a  cluster  of  islands,  near  the  coast  of 
Darieu.    Lon.  77°  50'  W.    Lat.  8°  38'  N. 

Ambri/m,  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the  New  He- 
brides.    Lon.  168°  20' E     Lat.  16°  15' S. 

Amchitche,  one  of  the  Fox  islands.  'Lon.  178° 
14'  E.    Lat.  53°  22'  N. 

Amcod,  t.  Hind.  51  m.  N.  Surat. 

Ameapah,  t.  Hind.  22  m.  E.  Tanjore. 

Ameca,t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  40  m.  S.  W. 
Guadakvxara. 

Amednagur,  country,  Hind,  bounded  N.  by  Can- 
deish  and  Malwa,  W.  by  the  Balaghaut  mountains, 
S.  by  Bejapour,  and  E.  by  Berar. 

Amednagur,  city,  cap.  of  the  above,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Balaghaut  mountains,  63  m.  N.  E.  Poonah, 
105  N.  N.  W.  Bejapour.  Lon.  74°  52'  E.  Lat. 
17°  6'  N. 

Amedjiour,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  34  ra.  S.  Cuttack. 

Ameenabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lat.  32°  10' 
N.     Lon.  73°  E. 

Am-Eis,  t.  Germany,  in  Carinthia,  on  the 
Drave,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  of  Lavamund. 

Amelia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  18 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Spoleto.  Lon.  12°  19'  E.  Lat.  42° 
35' N. 

Amelia,  co.  Va.  Pop.  10,594.  Slaves  7,186. 
At  the  courthouse  is  a  p-v.  58  m.  S.  W.  Richmond. 

Amelia,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  E. 
Florida.,  7  leagues  N.  St.  Augustine,  at  the  mouth 
of  St  Mary's  river.  Lat.  30°  28' N.  It  is  13  miles 
long,  and  2  broad.     Chief  town,  Fernandiua. 

Aimliasburg,  t.  Prince  Edwards  co.  Upper  Can- 
ada, on  the  bay  of  Quinti,  S.  W.  Kingston. 

Amendolaia,  L  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  2  m. 
W.  Bova. 

Amendolara,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  14  m. 
N.  E.  Cassano. 

Amenia,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  N.  E. 
Poughkecpsie.  Pop.  3,073.  Here  is  a  marble 
quarry. 

Ameny,  one  of  the  Laccadive  islands,  in  the  In- 
dian ocean.     Lon.  72°  30'  E.     Lat.  1 1°  37' N. 

Amer,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10  m.  W.  Gerona. 

Amerga,  r.  Siberia,  flows  into  the  Aldan.  Lon. 
135°  14'  E.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. 

A^neria,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  72  m.  E. 
Kutayeh.     Lon.  32°  14'  E.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. 

America,  one  of  the  four  grand  divisions  of  the 
globe,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  which 
separates  it  from  Europe  and  Africa,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Pacific,  which  separates  it  from  Asia. 
Towards  the  N.  its  limits  have  not  been  discover- 
ed. Towards  the  S.  it  terminates  in  a  poijit  call- 
ed Cape  Horn.  It  is  more  than  9000  miles  long, 
and  on  an  average  about  1500  broad,  extending 
from  lat.  56°  S.  to  beyond  lat.  70°  N.  and  from  55° 
to  170°  W.  lon.  and  contains  according  to  Hassel, 
16,504,254  square  miles.  The  population  is  com- 
monly estimated  at  35,000,000.  America  excels 
the  old  world  in  the  size  and  grandeur  of  its  moun- 
tains, lakes,  and  rivers.  A  range  of  mountains 
runs  from  N.  to  S.  through  the  whole  length  of  the 
continent,  a  distance  of  more  than  11,000  miles : 
beginning  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  conti- 


nent, in  lat.  54°  S.  extending  along  the  western 
coast,  and  terminating,  it  is  supposed,  in  lat.  70° 
N.  on  the  Frozen  ocean.  America  excels  the  old 
world  also  in  tlie  abundance  of  precious  metals. 
More  than  nine-tenths  of  all  the  silver  in  the 
world  comes  from  the  mines  of  Spanish  America. 
In  the  course  of  three  centuries  it  is  estimated 
that  they  have  yielded  316,000,000  lbs?,  of  pure 
silver.  This  continent  is  divided  by  the  isthmus 
of  Darien,  into  North  and  South  America. 

North  America  comprehends,  I.  British  Amer- 
ica :  under  which  is  included  Nova  Scotia,  New- 
Brunswick,  Lower  Canada,  Upper  Canada,  and 
the  island  of  Newfoundland.  II.  The  United 
States,  III.  The  Spanish  provinces  of  Mexico 
and  Guatimala.  There  are  two  great  ranges  of 
mountains  in  N.  America,  the  western  and  the 
eastern.  The  western  is  part  of  the  great  Ameri- 
can range,  and  runs  from  S.  to  N.  through  Guati- 
mala, Mexico,  the  United  States  and  British 
America.  The  part  of  this  range  which  is  in 
Mexico  is  called  the  Cordilleras  of  Mexico,  and 
the  part  N.  of  Mexico,  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
The  eastern  range  is  wholly  within  the  United 
States,  and  is  called  the  Alleghany  range.  The 
principal  lakes  in  N.  America  are  Ontario,  Erie, 
Huron,  Superior,  Michigan,  Winnipeg,  and 
Slave  lake.  The  principal  rivers  are  Mackenzie's, 
Nelson's,  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  Mississippi,  Red 
river,  Arkansaw,  Missouri,  Ohio,  del  Norte,  Colo- 
rado, and  Columbia. 

South  America  comprehends,  I.  The  Spanish 
provinces  of  New  Gi'enada,  Venezuela,  Peru, 
Chili,  and  Buenos  Ayres.  II.  Guiana,  belonging 
to  the  English,  Dutch,  French,  Spaniards,  and 
Poi'tuguese.  III.  Brazil,  belonging  to  the  Portu- 
guese. IV.  Patagonia,  belonging  to  the  Aborigi- 
nes. The  principal  mountains  are  the  Andes, 
which  run  along  the  whole  western  coast,  and  are 
a  part  of  the  great  American  range.  The  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  Amazon,  La  Plata,  and  Oronoco. 

America,  t.  and  cap,  Alexander  co.  Illinois,  on 
the  Ohio  r.  7  m.  from  its  junction  with  the  Missis- 
sip])!.  It  is  elevated  above  the  floods  of  the  river, 
and  the  navigation  to  this  place  is  almost  unob- 
structed. 

Amerongen,  t.  Netherlands,  14  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Utrecht.     Pop.  1,020. 

Amerpore,  t.  Hind,  on  the  N.  W.  side  of  Eay- 
mutty  river,  10  m.  E.  Mockwanpore.  Lon.  85^ 
28' E.    Lat.  27°  31' N. 

Amerschia,  or  Amasia,  desert  of  Arabia,  in  Hed- 
jas,  N.  of  Yemen. 

Amersfort,  or  Amersfoord,  the  second  town  in 
Utrecht,  on  the  Eem,  which  is  here  navigjible.  Its 
inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  tobacco  trade, 
manufacture  of  dimities,  bombazeens,  and  other 
stufi's,  and  glass  ;  and  carry  on  an  active  commerce 
in  corn.  It  has  communication  by  canals  with  the 
principal  towns  in  Holland.  Pop.  8,584.  32  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  5°  4'  E.  Lat.  52°  P/ 
N.      ■ 

Amersham,  or  Agmondesham,  t.  and  bor.  Eng. 
Buckinghamshire.  Cotton,  sacking,  and  lace,  are 
its  chief  manufactures.  Pop.  2,259.  26  m.  N. 
W.  London. 

Ames,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E.  Athens. 
Pop.  608. 

Amesbury,  or  Ambresbury,  t.  Eng.  Wiltshire,  on 
the  Avon.  It  is  the  birth  place  of  Addison. 
Stonehenge  is  2  miles  W.  of  this  town.  It  consists 
of  2  circles,  and  two  ovals  which  are  concentric. 
The  outer  circle  is  of  97  feet  diameter,  and  was 


AMI 


AMP 


41 


ori°:inally  compoJcd  of  30  pillar?,  14  feet  high,  on 
which  were  laid  slabs  6  or  7  feet  broad,  and  3  or 
4  thick ;  17  pillars  and  6  slabs  now  remain.  The 
interior  cii'cle  was  originally  composed  of  29  pil- 
lars ;  9  of  which  remain.  Of  the  ovals  within  the 
circles,  there  remain  two  trilothons :  stones  placed 
a.s  the  lintel  of  a  door,  which  are  16  or  17  feet 
high ;  and  a  single  pillar  22  feet  high.  Pop.  723. 
6  m.  from  Salisbury. 

Amesbwn/,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Merrimack,  6  m.  W.  N.  W.  Newburyport. 
Pop.  1,890. 

Amginskaia,  v.  and  fort,  Russia,  on  the  Amga, 
104  m.S.  E.  Yakutsk. 

Amgong,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  20  m.  E.  Ou- 
dighir. 

Amhara,  a  general  division  of  Abyssinia,  com- 
prehending the  provinces  W.  of  the  Tacazze. 

Amiiersi,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Chignecto  bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  rivers  La 
Planch,  Napan  and  Macon. 

Amherst,  p-t.  and  half  shire,  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  30  m.  S.  Concord,  48  N.  W.  Boston,  60  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,5.54. 

Amherst,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  8  m.  N.  E. 
Northampton,  85  W.  Boaton.  Pop.  1,469.  It  has 
a  flourishing  academy. 

Amiierst,  co.  Va.  on  James  r.  Pop.  10,548. 
Slaves,  2,207.  At  the  courthouse  is  a  p-v.  130  m. 
W.  Riclimond. 

Amherst  springs,  p-v.  Amherst  co.  Va.  124  m.  W. 
Richmond. 

Amhtrstburg,  or  Maldeti,  t.  and  cap.  Essex  co. 
Upper  Canada,  on  Detroit  r.  .3  m.  above  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  Erie,  and  14  below  Detroit.  It 
has  about  150  houses,  and  a  good  harbor  with  an- 
chorage in  3i  fathoms. 

Amianthus,  v.  Cyprus,  near  Pallandors.  As- 
bestos is  found  near  it.  The  Romans  wrapt  the 
dead  bodies  of  their  emperors  in  cloth  made  of  it, 
and  burnt  them  to  preserve  their  ashes. 

Amice,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  S.  of  Cape 
Delgado.     Lat.  10°  35'  S. 

Amiculdungama,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysose,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Bangalore. 

Ainiens,  formerly  the  chief  town  of  Picardy, 
and  now  the  capital  of  the  dep.  of  the  Somme.  It 
is  situated  on  the  Somme,  14  leagues  from  the 
sea.  ,  Pop.  40,000.  Serge,  and  other  woollen 
stuffs,  are  manufactured  in  the  town  and  neigh- 
bourhood. The  definitive  treaty  of  peace  between 
England  and  France,  was  signed  here  on  25th 
March,  1802.     30  m.  S.  E.  Abbeville. 

Aminadab,  t.  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  6  m.  N.  Yez- 
didkast. 

Aminaigpollam,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  20  m. 
W.  Trichinopoly. 

Aminsio,  t.  Sweden,  in  Angermannland,  54  m. 
N.  Hornosand. 

Amirabad,  t.  Bengal,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Islamabad. 

Amirante  Bay.     See  Almirante  Bay. 

Amissville,  p-v.  Culpepper  co.  Va.  86  m.  W. 
Washington. 

Amite,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Amite  r.  Chief  t. 
Liberty.     Pop.  4,750. 

Amite,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  into  the  Iberville  40 
m.  above  its  entrance  into  lalce  Maurepas.  It 
is  navigable  for  boats  nearly  to  its  source. 

Amitur,  t.  Hind,  in  Concan,  38  m.  N.  Gheriah. 

Amity,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Amity,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
■  ^^n;7V  Berks  CO.  Pa.     Pop.  1,090. 

IK 


Amlah,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  28  m.  S.  W- 
Amednagur. 

Amlav,  t.  on  E.  coast  of  Panay,  one  of  the 
Phihppine  islands.  Lon.  122°  35'  E.  Lat.  11°  10'  N. 

Amliak,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific.    Lon.  187°  14'  E.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. 

Amlu'ich,  s-p.  Wales,  in  N.  E.  corner  of  Angle- 
sey, which  has  arisen  from  the  state  of  a  poor  fish- 
ing town,  in  consequence  of  the  opening  of  cop- 
per mines  in  1768.  The  town  is  inhabited  almost 
exclusively  by  miners  and  persons  connected  with 
the  mines.     Pop.  4,629.     18  m.  from  Holyhead. 

Ammah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  hill  near  Gibeon. 

Amman,  t.  Palestine,  called  Rabbah  Amnion  in 
Scripture.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  Ammonites, 
and  when  besieged  and  captured  by  Joab,  Uriah 
was  killed  here.  In  profane  history  its  name  was 
Philadelphia.     52  m.  N.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Ammaro.  t.  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Niphon,  40 
m.  S.  W.  Ofara. 

Ammer,  mountains  in  the  S.  part  of  Algiers. 

Ammersee,  lake,  Bavaria,  18  m.  S.  W.  Munich. 

Ammerwcyer,  Ammericeikr,  or  Ammeschiceir,  t, 
France,  dep.  of  Upper  Rhine,  4  m.  N.  W.  Cclmar. 

Ammonoosuck,  Lower,  r.  N.  H.  rises  in  the  White 
Mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the  Merrimack, 
and  runs  W.  into  the  Connecticut  at  Bath. 

Ammonoosuck  Upper,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Con- 
necticut at  Northumberland. 

Amoas,  v.  Palestine,  fonuerly  named  Emmaus, 
and  tlien  Nicopolis.  Tliere  are  two  other  villages 
in  Palestine  of  the  same  name,  one  near  lake  Ti- 
berias, another  supposed  to  be  mentioned  by  St. 
Luke.  Amoas  is  often  mistaken  for  the  castle  of 
Emmam,  whither  Christ  went  afte»  his  resurrec- 
tion.    22  m.  from  Jerusalem. 

Amoeneburs,  t.  Upper  Hesse.  Pop.  1,050.  4  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Mentz. 

Amoerang,  t.  on  N.  W.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon. 
124°  12'  E.  Lat.  0°  55'  N. 

Amol,  Amul,  or  Amu,  city,  in  Great  Bukharia, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Jihon,  there  called  Amol, 
150  m.  W.  Samarcand,  300  N.  Herat.  Lon.  60° 
40'  E.     Lat.  39°  30'  N. 

Amol.     See  Amul. 

Amond,  r.  Wales,  falls  into  the  Loughen. 

Amora,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Tigris,  120  m.  S. 
E.  Bagdad. 

Amorbach,  or  Amerbach,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  N. 
E.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1,500. 

Amorgo,  isl.  in  the  Greek  Archipelago.  Lou. 
25°50'E.     Lat.  36°  53' N. 

Amorgo  Poulo,  isl.  in  the  Archipelago,  6  m.  W. 
Amorgo.     Lon.  25°  44'  W.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. 

Amoria,  t.  A.  Turliey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  Saka- 
ria,  50  m.  S.  W.  Angora. 

Amoskeag  falls,  in  the  Merrimac,  15  m.  below 
Concord,  around  which  a  canal  is  dug.  The  de- 
scent is  48  feet  3  inches  in  the  course  of  half  a 
mile. 

Amofape,  v.  Peru,  between  Tumbez  and  Piura. 
Lon.  80°  42'  W.  Lat;  4°  50'  S. 

Amoul,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetoor,  18  m.  N.  Dara- 
porum. 

Amoulee,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Dooab. 

Amoura,  v.  in  Algiers,  160  m.  S.  of  the  city  of 
Algiers. 

Amoy,  r.  runs  into  the  Hiwassee,  a  S.  branch  of 
Tennessee  r. 

Amayambo,  t.  S.  America,  in  Tucuman. 

Ampazita,  t.  Eu.  Turkev,  in  Bessarabia,  35  m, 
E.  N.  E.  Galat/. 


42 


A  M  S 


AMU 


ing,  V.  on  the  Iser,  in  Bavaria,  15  m.  S. 
Dingelfingen. 

Amphila  Bay,  in  the  Red  sea,  on  the  coast  of 
Abyssinia. 

Ampkilochia.     See  Ambelachia. 

Jimphipolis,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Macedonia, 
on  the  confines  of  Thrace,  and  nearly  surrounded 
by  the  river  Strymon. 

Amplepuis,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Rhone,  12  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Roanne.     Pop.  3,300. 

AmpthUl,  t.  Eng.  Bedfordshire.  Pop.  1,277,  12 
ni.  N.  Dunstable. 

Amptits,  or  Amptlilz,  t.  in  Lower  Lusatia,  5  m. 
S.  Guben. 

Ampurias,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  58  m.  N.  E. 
Barcelona.     Pop.  2,200. 

Amra,  I.  Hind,  in  Behar,  12  m.  E.  Noony. 

Amm,  V.  Sweden,  rises  in  Jamtland,  and  joins 
the  Ragunda,  17  m.  E.  Stugun. 

Amran,  t.  Arabia,  20  m.  N.  W.  Sana. 

Amran,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon,  70°  35'  E. 
Lat.  22°  35'  N. 

Amretsir  (the  Pool  of  Immortality),  t.  Hind,  in 
Lahore,  the  chief  place  of  religious  worship  of  the 
Seik  nation.  It  is  on  the  high  road  between  Ca- 
bul  and  Delhi,  Cashmere  and  the  Dekkan,  and  is 
a  great  emporium  of  trade. 

Amschelberg,  t.  Bohemia,  24  m.  S.  Pi'ague.  Lon. 
14°  2'  8"  E.  Lat.  40°  42'  N. 

Amsoing,  v.  in  Luxemburg. 

AmsteJ,  r.  Holland,  runs  tlirough  the  city  of 
Amsterdamj^nd  discharges  itself  into  tlie  arm  of 
Zuyder  Zee  called  the  Wye. 

Amstelveen,  v.  Holland,  6  m.  S.  Amsterdam. 

Amsterdam,  the  largest,  richest,  and  most  popu- 
lous city  in  the  Netherlands,  is  on  the  arm  of  Zuy- 
der Zee  called  the  Y  or  Wye.  In  former  ages  it 
was  a  simple  village,  meanly  built,  and  inhabited 
by  fishermen.  It  was  encompassed  with  walls  and 
other  fortifications  in  1482,  and  by  successive  ac- 
cessions in  size  and  population  (particularly  in  the 
years  1585,  1599,  1612,  and  1658),  became  in  the 
17th  century,  one  of  the  first  trading  cities  of  Eu- 
rope. One  great  cause  of  its  rapid  progress  was 
the  decay  of  Antwerp.  The  river  Amstel  divides 
it  into  the  Old  or  Eastern  and  the  New  or  West- 
ern Towns.  From  the  marshy  nature  of  the  soil, 
it  has  been  necessary  to  build  almost  the  whole 
city  on  oaken  piles  driven  into  the  ground.  It  is 
intersected  throughout  by  canals,  which  cut  each 
other  in  a  thousand  different  ways.  Several 
streets  are  lined  with  trees,  and  form  agreeable 
promenades.  On  the  land  side  it  is  defended  by  a 
wall  and  regular  bastions,  with  a  broad  and  deep 
ditch ;  and  by  means  of  the  sluices  the  whole  ad- 
joining country  can  be  laid  under  water.  To- 
wards the  sea  it  is  provided  with  no  fortifications ; 
but  the  entrance  to  the  ha.rbor  is  guarded  by  two 
rows  of  piles,  with  openings  for  the  admission  of 
vessels,  which  are  shut  at  night.  The  stadthouse 
stands  on  a  foundation  of  13,659  piles,  in  an  open 
square  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  is  built  of 
freestone,  (except  the  ground  floor,  which  is 
brick,)  is  282  feet  long,  235  broad,  and,  without 
reckoning  the  tower,  116  high.  Its  interior  is 
adorped  w;th  marble,  jasper,  statues,  paintings, 
and  other  costly  ornaments.  Among  the  other  edi- 
fices, are  the  magnificent  East  and  West  India 
houses,  exchange,  bank,  admiralty,  three  weigh- 
liouses,  corn-exchange,  and  tower.  In  the  old 
church  is  a  chapel,  with  windows  of  painted  glass. 
The  new  church  contains  the  tombs  of  De  Ruyter. 
Bentink,  and  Vcftidel.     The  Jews  possess  splendid 


synagogues.  The  principal  public  estabiishmeuit 
are  the  arsenals  and  dock-yards,  the  academy, 
grammar  school,  anatomical  and  surgical  college, 
the  work-house,  house  of  correction  or  rasp-huis, 
orphan-house,  hospital  for  old  men,  establisliment 
for  widows,  lazaretto,  lunatic  asylum,  the  botanic 
garden,  &c.  The  exchange,  so  long  famous  in 
the  mercantile  world,  is  a  plain  but  stately  fabric 
of  freestone,  covered  with  tiles,  and  is  in  length 
230  feet,  and  in  breadth  130.  It  is  fitted  to  con- 
tain about  4,500  persons,  and  is  daily  resorted  to 
after  midday  by  all  concerned  in  exchange  or  oth- 
er mercantile  business.  In  former  days  it  was 
not  uncommon  to  see  100  vessels  enter  the  port 
with  the  same  tide,  and  there  commonly  lay  to- 
gether in  the  harbor  600  vessels  and  upwards.  The 
objects  of  this  commerce  were  grain,  wine,  groce- 
ries, spiceries,  dye-stuffs,  fish,  Virginian  and  Bra- 
zil tobacco,  all  Baltic  merchandise,  cotton,  and 
other  productions  from  the  Levant  and  Barbary ; 
the  products  of  Italy,  Spain,  France,  and  the 
north  of  Europe;  gold,  silver,  jewellery,  and  ali 
kinds  of  colonial  produce.  In  the  town  and  ad- 
joining country  are  manufactured  all  sorts  of  stuffs, 
damasks,  galoon  lace,  velvet,  woollen  cloths,  car- 
pets, and  leather;  there  are  also  refineries  of  su- 
gar, borax,  camphire,  cinnabar,  sulphur,  &c. 
Its  commerce  declined  during  the  20  years  that 
preceded  the  general  pacification  of  1814.  The 
immediate  causes  were  the  war  with  England  in 
1780,  the  interior  troubles  in  1787,  and  above  all, 
the  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  French,  the 
consequent  war  with  England,  and  loss  of  the 
Dutch  colonies.  It  is  doubtful  if  this  city  will 
ever  regain  its  former  population  and  opulence, 
now  that  the  Scheldt  is  open,  and  Antwerp  in  the 
enjoyment  of  that  good  government  and  wise  reg- 
ulations which  formerly  were  found  only  in  Hol- 
land. The  population  in  1785  was  230,000,  but 
in  1812  below  200,000.  It  is  5  m,  W.  of  the  Zuy- 
der Zee,  65  N.  Antwerp,  and  240  N.  by  E.  Paris. 
Lon.  4°  40'  E.  Lat.  52°  25'  N. 

Amsterdam,  p-t.  Montgomery  co,  N.  Y.  on  Mo- 
hawk r.  30  m.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  3,039. 

Amsterdam,  isl.  near  N.  W.  coast  of  Ceylon.  Lat. 
9°  50'  N. 

Amsterdam  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  It 
is  11  miles  in  circuit,  700  feet  high,  and  has  a  very 
fertile  soil.  The  interior  of  the  island  is  inacessi- 
ble  except  by  an  entrance  on  tlie  east.  The  whole 
is  of  volcanic  formation.  Seals  resort  to  the  shore 
in  droves  of  800  or  1000,  and  their  capture  has 
been  followed  as  a  profitable  adventure.  Lon. 
76°  54'  E.     Lat.  37°  47'  S. 

Amsterdam,  JVew,  the  seat  of  government  of 
Berbice,  in  Guiana,  is  situated  between  the  rivers 
Berbice  and  Canje,  near  their  confluence,  52  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Stabrook.    Lon.  57°  15'  W.  Lat.  6°  20' N. 

Amstoss,  V.  SAvitzerland,  canton  of  Appenzel, 
with  a  chapel  erected  in  memory  of  the  overthrow 
of  Frederick  of  Austria  by  the  Swiss  in  1405,  4  m. 
S.  W.  Rheineck. 

Amstotten,  v.  Austria;  where  the  Austrians and 
Russians  were  defeated  by  the  French  in  1805.  8 
m.  S.  W.  Ips. 

Amtshitka,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  about  60 
miles  long. 

Amtssell,  t.  Wirtemberg,  district  of  the  lake  of 
Constance,  8  m.  E.  Ravensburg.     Pop.  2,130. 

Amuchta,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  with  a 
volcano. 

Amul,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the  Arasbei, 
here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.     Here  are  the  re- 


ANA 


A  N  C 


4S 


mains  of  a  castle  with  thick  brick  walls ;  a  large 
palace  in  the  suburbs,  of  two  stories ;  and  three 
sepulchral  towers :  fire  temples  of  the  ancient  Gu- 
ebres.  Pop.  800,  who  subsist  by  the  culture  of 
vice  and  cotton,  and  by  the  iron  forges  and  cannon 
founderies  in  the  neighbourhood.  120  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Casbin.     Lon.  52°  15'  E.  Lat.  36°  40'  N. 

^mulrie,  v.  Scotland,  iu  Perthshire,  66  m.  from 
Edinburgh. 

Amur,)  r.  Asia,  rising  in  Chinese  Tartary,  in  the 
Kontaihan  mountains,  in  49°  N.  lat.  and  109°  E. 
lon.  and  flowing  into  the  sea  of  Okhotsk,  in  about 
53°  N.  lat.  opposite  Saghalin,  It  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Argun  and  Schilka.  Schilka  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Onon  and  Ingoda.  It 
is  called  Schilka  by  the  Tungoose;  Saghalin  Oula, 
signifying  the  Black  Mountain  river,  by  the  I'ar- 
tars ;  and  Ghelon  Kiangh,  or  the  Dragon  river, 
by  the  Chinese.  The  Chinese  keep  a  guard  of 
armed  boats  at  its  mouth,  and  are  jealous  of  tlie 
preservation  of  it. 

Anmsco,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  1 0  m.  N.  Palencia. 

Amuturi,  r.  S.  America,  in  Granada,  joins  the 
Cazanare,  and  enters  the  Orinoco  on  the  N.  side. 

Amwell,  V.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire.  Here  is 
the  source  of  the  canal  called  New  River,  design- 
ed to  supply  London  with  water,  21  m.  N.  Lon- 
don, IS.  W.Ware. 

Amwell,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  16  m.  N.  Tren- 
ton.    Pop.  5,777. 

Amwell,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  S.  W.  Pittsburg. 
Pop.  1,673. 

Ana,  t.  Sweden,  in  Savolax,  80  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Nyslot. 

Ana,  or  Anah,  t.  in  the  Arabian  Irak,  or  pacha- 
lic  of  Bagdad,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates. 
Pop.  3,000.  260  m.  E.  Damascus,  220  S.  E.  Alep- 
po.    Lon.  41°  15'  E.     Lat.  34°  N. 

Anab,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  hill  country  of  Ju- 
dah,  S.  of  Jerusalem. 

Ana  Capri,  t.  on  the  Neapolitan  island  of  Capri. 
It  stands  in  the  middle  of  the  island,  nearly  2000 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  ascent  to 
the  town  is  by  a  staircase  of  552  steps.  See 
Capri. 

Anacur,  or  JVuachir,  t.  Syria,  6  m.  N.  Acre. 

Anadyr,  r.  Siberia,  falls  into  the  sea  of  Anadyr 
in  64°  30'  N.  lat.  176°  30'  E.  lon. 

Anadyrskoi,  fort,  Siberia,  on  the  Anadyr.  Lon. 
165°  14'  E.  Lat.  66°  9'  N. 

Anagni,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Slates  of  the  Church, 
r28  m.  S.  E.  Rome. 

Anahuac,  Indian  name  of  New  Spain. 

Anaia-tuba,  t.  Brazil,  in  Para,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Marajo  isl.  20  m.  E.  Parana.     Lat.  0°  12'  S. 

Anaklea,  t.  Abasia,  at  the  efflux  of  Enguri  river 
into  the  Black  sea. 

Anakopia,  t.  Abasia,  on  the  Black  sea,  40  m.  W. 
(snagur.     Lon.  39°  45'  E.  Lat.  43°  30'  N. 

Anak-Sungei,  district,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra.    Its  capital  is  Moco  Moco. 

Anamaboe.     See  Annamaboe. 

Anambas,  islands  in  the  Chinese  sea.  Lon.  105° 
56'  E.  Lat.  3°  N.  divided  into  Great,  Little,  and 
«outh, 

Anamooka.    See  Annamooka. 

Anamsagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor,  20  m.  W. 
Moodgul.     Lon.  7G°  32'  E.     Lat.  16°  17'  N. 

Anana,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  16  m.  S.  S.  W.  Or- 
duna,' 

Ananes,  3  islands  in  the  Grecian  -irchinelago.  3 

"    jes  S.  AV,  Milo  isl. 


t 


Ananpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bcdnore,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Bednore,  120  N.  W.  Seringapatam. 

Anantapooram,  t.  Hind,  in  Wandicotta,  63  m. 
N,  E.  Cuddapali.     Lon.  78°  6'  E.    Lat.  14°  41'  N. 

Anantapour,  t.  Hind.  13  m.  E.  Cuddapah. 

Anantasagarun,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  10  m.  N. 
W.  Waremgole. 

AnantasapUly,  t.  Hind.  18  m.  W.  Rajamundry, 

Anantoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Barramaid,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Darempoory. 

Anantpour,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  85  m.  N.  E, 
Chittledroog,  140  N.  N.  E.  Seringapatam. 

Ananuri,  t.  and  fort,  Georgia,  in  Sseristo,  on 
the  Arkala,  40  m.  N.  N.  W.  Teflis. 

Anapa,  or  Anapea,  i.  Circassia,  on  Sundjik  bay. 
in  the  Black  sea,  70  m.  E.  S.  E.  Theodosia.  Lon, 
37°  10'  E.  Lat.  44°  40'  N. 

Anapapooly,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetoor,  22  m.  N 
W.  Daraporum. 

Anappes,  t.  France,  on  the  Margue,  dep.  of  the 
North,  2  leagues  from  Lille.     Pop.  2,000. 

Anarghia,  v.  Mingrelia,  2  m.  fr.  the  Black  sea, 
9  fr.  Cotatis,  and  on  the  site  of  ancient  Heraclea. 
Lon.  41°  46'  E.  Lat.  42°  40'  N. 

Anarodgurra,  t.  Ceylon,  65  m.  N.  Candy. 

Anatolia.     See  JVatolia. 

Anattom,  the  most  southern  island  of  the  New 
Hebrides. 

Anaurai-Pucu,  r.  Portuguese  Guiana,  falls  into 
the  Amazon. 

Anazarba.     See  Anzarba. 

Anbar,  t.  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Euphratef, 
35  m.  W.  Bagdad. 

Anbar,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  70m.  S.  S.  W.  Bulkh. 
Lat.  36°  N. 

Anbord,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorasan,  150  m.  N.  E. 
Mesched. 

An^a,  Point,  on  the  coast  of  Chili,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  river  Valdivia, 

Ancaon,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  5  m.  S.  E.  Coim- 
bra. 

Ancarano,  t.  of  the  popedom,  in  Ancuna.  on  the 
Tronto,  6  m.  S.  Ascoli. 

Ancaster,  v.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  the  Roman 
Crocolana.     8  m.  fr.  Grantham. 

Ancaster,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  S.  W. 
York. 

Ancaye,  territory  of  Madagascar,  on  the  E. 
coast.     It  abounds  in  cattle. 

Ante,  or  Anst,  t.  France,  on  the  Saone,  in  the 
dep.  of  the  Rhone,  4A  leagues  N.  Lyons.  Pop. 
1,640. 

Aiueaume.     See  Bourbon  PAncy. 

Ance,  Grand,  t.  island  of  Martinique,  on  the  N . 
coast. 

Ance,  Grand,  Bay,  island  of  San  Christobal ;  al- 
so the  name  of  three  bays  in  the  Island  of  Guada- 
loupe. 

Ance,  Petite,  t.  island  of  St.  Domingo,  5  m.  S. 
Cape  St.  Fran9ois. 

Ancenis,  t.  on  the  coast  of  France,  dep.  of  the 
Lower  Loire.  Its  trade  is  in  wood,  corn,  and 
wine.     8  leagues  N.  E.  Nantes.     Pop.  3,295. 

Ancerville,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Meusc,  4 
leagues  S.  W.  Bar.     Pop.  2,200. 

Ancerville,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Moselle,  4 
leagues  S.  E.  Metz. 

Ancha,  t.  Georgia,  in  Saltabaso,  68  m.  S.  W, 
Aghalzighe. 

Anchediva.     See  Angediva. 

Anchitty,  ov  Anchitlydurgnm,  Englishfort,  Hind, 
in  the  Mysore,  25  m.  fr.  Coveriporam. 


44 


A  N  C 


A  N  D 


Ancholme,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  Humber. 

Arichor  Island,  near  the  S.  entrance  of  Dusky 
bay,  New  Zealand.  Lon.  166°  16'  E.  Lat.  45° 
46' N. 

Anchorites,  islands  off  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Guinea.    Lon.  145°  15'  E.  Lat.  0°  45'  S. 

Anchor  Point,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Cook's  inlet.  Lon,  208°  48'  E.  Lat. 
59°  39'  N. 

Anciaons,  i.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes,  10 
m.  V/.  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Ancigne,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  Deux-Sevres, 
7  leagues  S.  S.  E.  Niort. 

AncinaJe,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  7  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Squillace. 

Ancisa  de  Moncorvo,  t.  in  Tuscany,  near  the 
Arno,  10  m.  S.  E.  Florence. 

Anckerlioltz,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerelia,  30  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Dantzic. 

Anckun,  t.  Germany,  adjoining  Zerbst. 

AncHffe,  hamlet,  Eng.  Lancashire.  Here  is  a 
well,  the  vapour  of  which  will  take  fire  and  burn 
like  spirits,  the  flame  continuing  a  whole  day  in 
calm  weather.     2  m.  fr.  Wigan. 

Anclin,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  4  m.  fr.  Palatia. 

Anclote  Point,  California,  lies  in  lon.  115°  11' 
VV.  lat.  29°  17' N. 

Anco,  t.  Peru,  in  Huamanga.     j^at.  13°  14'  S. 

Ancober,  or  Anliobra,  r.  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
runs  between  Ahantah  and  Apollonia,  into  the 
sea. 

Ancocus  Creek,  N.  J.  falls  into  the  Delaware,  6 
ra.  S.  W.  Burlington.    It  is  navigable  16  miles. 

Ancon,  el,  t.  Peru,  on  the  coast,  20  m.  N.  Lima. 

Ancon,  gulf,  S.  America,  in  Quito.  Lat.  1° 
25' N. 

Ancon,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  Chiloe  isl.  in  the 
Pacific.     Lon.  80°  W.  Lat.  42°  S. 

Ancona,  La  Marca  d\  province  of  Italy,  in  the 
Ecclesiastical  state,  lying  betwfeen  the  Appennines 
and  the  Adriatic  sea,  has  the  Marca  di  Fermo  S. 
and  the  duchy  of  Urbino  N.  It  forms  part  of  the 
Papal  province  of  La  Marca,  which  comprises 
besides  it  the  Marca  di  Fermo,  Urbino,  and  Fano. 
The  capital  is  Macerata. 

Ancona,  t.  in  the  above  province,  on  a  point  of 
land  projecting  into  the  gulf  of  Venice.  On  one 
of  the  moles  in  the  harbor,  is  a  triumphal  arch 
erected  in  honour  of  Trajan.  It  was  declared  a 
free  port  in  1732,  and  became  a  rival  of  Venice. 
The  principal  branches  of  its  commerce  are  those 
connected  with  agency  and  commission.  Goods 
from  the  north  of  Europe,  are  here  exchanged  for 
the  productions  of  Germany,  Italy,  Hungary, 
Bosnia,  and  Turkey.  The  exports  are  grain, 
wool,  skins,  silk,  sail-cloth,  ship-biscuits,  soap, 
alum,  sulphur,  and  the  fruits  of  tlie  soutli.  The 
imports  are,  from  England,  tin,  lead,  herrings,  and 
camblets;  from  Holland,  various  raw  materials, 
sugar,  cocoa,  coffee,  spices,  and  cloth  ;  from  Rus- 
sia, leather ;  from  Sweden,  tar ;  fi-om  Bosnia  and 
Turkey,  cotton ;  and  from  Germany,  iron.  Here 
is  a  sugar  refinery,  a  manufactory  of  white  paint 
and  lead,  and  a  Eoap-work.  Pop.  20,000.  116  m. 
N.  by  E.  Rome.     Lon.  13°  35'  E.    Lat.  43°  36'  N. 

Ancona,  r.  S.  part  of  Abyssinia,  falls  into  the 
Han?.zo. 

Ancora,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  in  Rio  Ja- 
neiro. 

Ancornymes,  t.  Peru,  in  Omasuyos,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  lake  'Titicaca,  70  m.  N.  N.  \V.  La  Paz. 

Ajuove,  central  district  of  Madagascar,  E.  of 
the  mountains.   The  inhabitants  breed  silk  worm?, 


cuitivctte  cotton,  and  work  mines  of  iron;  and 
deal  largely  in  the  slave  trade.     Pop.  25,000. 

Ancram,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  Ancram  creek. 
Here  are  extensive  iron  works.  The  ore  is  sup- 
plied chiefly  from  Salisbuxy,  Connecticut. 

Ancre,  Encre,  or  Albert,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the 
Somme.  Pop._  1,940.  Here  are  presses  for  calico 
and  carpets,  linen  bleachfields,  and  a  saltpetre 
work.     5  leagues  E.  N.  E.  Amiens. 

Ancritm,  v.  Scotland,  Roxburgh  co.  on  the  Te- 
viot.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  1544  between 
the  Scots  and  English.  Pop.  300.  3  m.  fr.  Jed- 
burgh, 45  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Ancy-le-Duc,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Saone  and 
Loire,  1  league  N.  Marcigny. 

Ancy-le-Franc,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Yonne. 
Pop.  1,240.     10  leagues  E.  Auxerre. 

Ancy-le-Serveux,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Yonne, 
H  league  fr.  Tonnere. 

Anny-sur-Moselle,  t.  France,  dep.  of  th«  Mo- 
selle, 2i  leagues  S.  W.  Metz. 

Andacollo,  t.  Chili,  in  Coquimbo,  the  seat  of  the 
gold  mines  in  the  district. 

Andahuailas,  province,  Peru,  bordering  on  the 
Andes,  24  leagues  long,  and  15  wide.  It  produ- 
ces, wheat,  maize,  and  fruits,  and  annually  be- 
tween 750,000  and  1,000,000  lbs.  sugar.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Andalause,  s-p.  Algiers,  15  m.  W.  Oran. 

Andalusia,  or  Vandalusia,  province,  Spain,  com- 
prehending Seville,  Cordova,  Jaen,  and  Granada. 
It  is  on  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Atlantic  at  the 
Straits  of  Gibraltai'.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Guadalquiver,  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Se- 
ville, and  the  Guadiana,  which  separates  it  from 
Portugal.  Its  products  are  cattle,  wool,  oil,  corn, 
honey,  silk,  sugar,  and  wine.  The  mines  yield 
quicksilver,  cinnabar  and  antimony.  Pop.  in 
1787,738,153.     Chief  towns,  Cadiz  and  Seville.. 

Andalusia,  J^ew.     See  Guiana, 

Andalusia,  p-v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Andaman,  t.  Fezzan,  in  Africa,  165  m.  E.  Mour- 
zouk. 

Andaman,  Great,  and  Little,  Islands,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  The  length  of  the 
Great  Andaman  is  150  m.  its  breadth  from  18  to  30. 
Little  Andaman,  30  miles  S.  is  28  m.  long,  and 
17  broad.  Here  are  the  banyan  tree,  tlie  almond 
tree,  the  oil  tree,  tall  and  affording  oil,  which  is 
extracted  by  filling  an  excavation  of  the  trunk 
with  fire,  the  vine  tree  of  extreme  hardness  ;  a- 
bundanceof  fine  shells,  molluscas,  and  fish.  Pop. 
about  2,600.     Lon.  92°  E.  Lat.  10°  32'  14"  N. 

Andumas,  t.  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  130  m.  W.  I— 
pahau. 

Andance,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Ardeche.  Pop. 
860.     7  leagues  S.  Vienne. 

Andaye,  t.  France,  in  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  2i 
leagues  S.  St.  Jean  de  Luz. 

Andechud,  t.  Bulkh,  on  the  Jihon,  60  m.  S.  S. 
W.Bulkh. 

Andeer,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  Grisons,  8  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Tusis. 

Andegan,  or  Ferganah,  t.  in  Turkestan,  capital 
of  the  district  of  Ferganah,  210  m.  N.  N.  E.  ba- 
marcand.     Lon.  67°  30'  E.  Lat.  42°  18'  N. 

Andeljingen,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  pf 
Zurich,  on  the  Thur,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Zurich. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Andelis,  t.  Normandy,  propei-ly  consisting  of 
two,  viz.  the  Great  and  Little  Andeli,  in  the  Ei^ije. 
Pop.  5,256.     8  leagues  S.  E.  Roden. 


AND 


A  N  I> 


45 


AtideUi/,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Seme  9  m. 
above  Rouen.  • 

Andelspach^  r.  Germany,  runs  into  the  Danube 
near  Scheer. 

Anderab,  t.  Usbeck  Tartary,  130  m.  froai  Bulkh. 
Lon.  68°  40'  E.  Lat.  36°  3'  N. 

Andeiiecht,  t.  Netherlands,  3  m.  S.  W.  Brussels. 

Andermatt.     See  Ursertn. 

Andcrnach,  t.  on  the  Rhine,  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  the  Lower  Rhine,  6  m.  N.  VV.  Coblentz,  25  S. 
3.  E.  Cologne.     Pop.  2,020. 

Andero,  isl.  gulf  of  Mexico,  S.  S.  E.  Cape  Gra- 
cios  a  Dios,     Lat.  12°  30'  N. 

Andcfso7i,  CO.  East-Tennessee,  on  Clinch  r.  N. 
VV.  Knoxville.  Chief  t.  Clinton.  Pop.  3,959. 
Slaves,  260. 

Anderson,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,358. 

Anderson'' s  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  167°  40'  W.  Lat.  63°  10'  N. 

Anderson' s-store,  p-v.  Caswell  co.  N.  C.  56  m. 
N.  W.  Raleigh. 

Anderson's  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Ohio  below 
Troy. 

Andersonville,  p-v.  Edgefield  district,  S.  C. 

Andes,  called  by  the  Spaniards  Cordillera  de 
ios  Andes,  an  immense  chain  of  mountains  which, 
under  various  names,  runs  through  the  whole 
continent  of  America.  They  commence  near  the 
straits  of  Magellan  in  lat.  54°  S.  and  passing  along 
the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  through  Patagonia, 
Chili,  Peru,  and  New  Granada,  cross  the  isthmus 
of  Darien  into  North  America,  where  still  pursu- 
ing a  northerly  course,  they  pass  through  Guati- 
mala.  New  Spain,  the  United  States,  and  British 
America,  and  terminate,  it  is  supposed,  on  the  Fro- 
zen ocean,  in  lat.  70°  N.  In  Chili  they  are  about 
120  miles  in  breadth.  Various  branches  di- 
verge from  the  main  chain,  in  La  Paz,  Potosi, 
and  Tucuman,  to  the  E.  coniiecting  the  Andes  of 
Peru  and  Chili  with  tlie  ridges  of  Brazil.  In  Pe- 
ru the  Andes  are  divided  into  three  ridges,  and 
about  the  6th°  of  S.  lat.  are  united  into  a  single 
chain.  They  again  divide,  on  entering  Quito, 
into  two  chains,  and  fart  her  N.  from  2°  to  5°  N. 
lat.  into  three.  The  E.  ridge  divides  the  valley 
of  the  river  Magdalena  from  the  plains  of  Rio 
Meta.  The  central  cJiaiu,  which  divides  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Rio  Magdalena  from  those  of  Rio  Cau- 
ca,  often  attains  the  limits  of  perpetual  snow. 
The  W.  separates  the  valley  of  Cauca  from  the 
coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Its  highest  elevation 
■  is  scarcely  5000  feet,  and  it  sinks  so  low  in  its 
progress  N.  that  its  course  can  scarcely  be  traced 
inlo  the  isthmus  of  Darien.  The  three  chains 
are  blended  together  in  the  6th  and  7th  degrees  of 
N.  lat.  After  passing  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  the 
Andes  in  Mexico  are  spread  into  vast  plains,  from 
6000  to  8000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  from 
which  insulated  mountains,  with  A'olcanic  sum- 
mits, covered  with  perpetual  snow,  rise  to  the 
height  of  15,000,  16,000,  and  17,000  feet.  Seve- 
ral oi  the  most  elevated  peaks  of  the  Andes  have 
been  scaled,  and  their  heights  accurately  measur- 
ed by  Humboldt  and  M.  Bonpland.  According  to 
the  observation?  of  these  travellers,  who  ascended 
to  the  height  of  19,300  feet,  Chimborazo  rose  2,140 
feet  higher,  making  its  total  height  to  be  21,440 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  volcano  of 
Antisana  was  found  to  be  19,150  feet  high,  and 
that  of  Cotopaxi  only  260  feet  lower.  The  Andes 
in  the  tropical  regions,  from  their  elevation,  com- 
prehend within  a  short  space,  eveiy  variety  of 
temperature,  and  of  the   vegetable  tribes.     On 


the  declivity,  from  about  3000  to  5000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  there  reigns  perpetually  a 
soft  spring  temperature,  which  never  varies  more 
than  7°  or  9°  of  Fahrenheit.  The  limit  of  per- 
petual congelation  under  the  equator  has  been 
fixed,  by  Humboldt,  at  15,700  feet,  and  at  15,000 
feet  in  the  latitude  of  20°.  Between  the  tropics, 
from  the  level  of  the  sea  to  the  height  of  from 
3000  to  5000  feet,  cassava,  cacao,  maize,  plantains, 
indigo,  sugar,  cotton,  and  coffee,  are  cultivated. 
Between  the  altitudes  of  6000  and  9000  feet  lies 
the  climate  best  suited  for  the  culture  of  all  kinds 
of  European  grain.  Beyond  the  limit  of  9000 
feet  large  trees  begin  to  disappear.  The  grasses 
clothe  the  ground  at  an  elevation  of  from  13,500 
to  15,100  feet,  and  from  tliis  to  the  regions  of  ice 
and  snow,  the  only  plant  is  the  lichen,  which  cov- 
ers the  rocks,  and  seems  even  to  penetrate  under 
the  snow.  The  name  Andes,  is  commonly  applied 
only  to  that  part  of  the  chain  which  is  in  South 
America.  The  part  in  Mexico  is  called  the  Cor- 
dilleras of  Mexico,  and  the  part  N.  of  Mexico  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

Andesage,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Lot  and  Ga- 
ronne, 10  m.  N.  E.  Agen. 

Andezeion,  or  Dederzeion,  t.  in  Galicia,  52  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Cracow. 

Andgeh-Buru,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Natolia, 
in  the  Black  sea.     Lon.  35°  22'  E.  Lat.  41°  27'  N. 

Andian,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  15  m.  N.  Vashgerd. 

Andicoila,  t.  Hind,  in  Malabar,  38  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Calicut.     Lat  10°  54'  N. 

Andigiara,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  120  hk  W.  Ba- 
dakshan. 

Andijaun.     See  Andegan. 

Andijero,  t.  Persia,  on  the  Persian  gulf.  Lon, 
57°  12'  E.  Lat.  28°  28'  N. 

Andilla,  t.  Spain,  12  leagues  fr.  Valencia. 

Andlau,  t.  Finance,  in  the  Lower  Rhine,  18  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Strasburg.  Lon.  7°  30'  E.  Lat.  48°  24' 
N.     Pop.  2,184. 

Ando,  iil.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Lapland.     Lat.  68°  24'  N. 

Andony,  r.  W.  Africa,  falls  into  tine  Atlantic  iu 
lat.  4°  30' N. 

Andora,  t.  Genoa,  2  m.  N.  E.  Oneglia. 

Andmno,  t.  Piedmont,  25  m.  N.  W.  Vercclli, 

15  N.  N.  E.  Ivrea. 

Andorre,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  9  m.  N.  Urgel. 

Andover,  t.  England,  in  Hants,  18  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Salisbuiy,  63  W.  London.     Pop.  3,295. 

Andover,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Mer- 
rimack 18  m.  N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,259. 

Andover,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  20  m.  S.  W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop. 957. 

Andover,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  Boston  ; 

16  W.  N.  W.  Salem ;  20  S.  W.  Newburyport.  Pop. 
3,164.  Phillips'  academy  in  this  town  is  the  most 
flourishing  academy  in  the  state.  Its  funds  amount 
to  more  than  50,000  dollars.  It  had  in  1820,  a 
principal,  3  assistants,  and  140  students,  pursuing 
the  study  of  the  learned  language?.  A  Theologic- 
al Seminary  Avas  established  here  in  1808.  It  is 
very  richly  endowed  entirely  by  private  bounty. 
It  lias  4  professors,  and  more  than  100  students. 
Two  large  biick  buildings  4  stories  high  contain 
students'  rooms,  and  a  third,  90  feet  by  40,  contains 
the  chapel,  3  lecture  rooms,  and  the  library  fitted 
with  alcoves  for  30,000  volume?,  though  the  num- 
ber of  volumes  at  present  does  not  exceed  5,000. 
The  academy  ;uid  the  theological  seminary  aie 
under  the  same  board  of  13  Trustees. 

Andover,  p-t,  Tolland  co.  Conn.  15  m.E.  Hartford. 


4b 


A  N  G 


A  N  G 


Andover,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  Y.  50  ui.  N.  Treuloiij 
40  W.  N.  W.  New- York. 

Andoville,  t.  France,  ia  the  Mayenne,  6  m.  N. 
Laval. 

Andoyaco,  t,  Peru,  in  Lima,  32  m.  S.  E.  Xauxa. 

Andragiry,  r.  Sumatra,  which  falls  into  the  sea 
on  Uie  E.  coast,  in  lat.  0°  30'  S. 

Andrapoura.     See  Indrapoura. 

Andrastadt,  or  Andre,  St.  t.  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, in  Carinthia,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Clagenfurt,  and 
32  S.  E.  Mahran. 

Andrea,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Mesurado,  7  or  8 
m.  from  its  mouth. 

Andreasberg,  t.  Hanover,  in  Grubenhagen,  con- 
taining mines  of  iron,  cobalt,  and  silver.  Pop. 
3,350.     10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Goslar. 

Andreneh,  or  Androna,  t.  S)nt'ia,  30  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Aleppo. 

Andresy  or  Andepes,  t.  in  Natolia,  60  m.  E. 
Angora. 

J^ndreisfcaiff,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Siberia.  Lon. 
S6°14'E.Lat.76°20'N. 

Andrew,  r.  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  sea,  about 
5°  N.  lat. 

Andrewa,  or  Andre,  a  Tartar  v.  near  the  Rus- 
sian government  of  Caucasus. 

Andrew''s  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  coast 
of  Patagonia. 

Andria,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  Trani. 

Andria,  t.  Asia,  in  Daghestan,  90  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Derbend. 

Andrichoa,  t,  castle,  and  lordship  in  Galicia, 

Androna.     See  Andreneh. 

Androniga,  t.  Cyprus,  16  m.  N.  Famagosta. 
Andros,  ovAndro,  one  of  the  Cyclades  islands,  in 
tlie  Archipelago.      Pop.  1-0,000,  mostly  Greeks. 
The  principal  trade  is  in  silk. 

Andros,  the  capital  of  the  above  is  in  lon.  25° 
2' E.  lat.  37^46' N. 

Androscoggin,  r.  rises  in  Umbagog  lake.  The 
first  part  of  its  course  is  in  New-Hampshire.  Af- 
ter entering  Maine  it  runs  S.  E.  and  empties  into 
the  Kennebeck,  18  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Andros  Islands,  or  Isles  del  Espiritu  Santo, 
among  the  Bahamas.  Lon.  77°  to  78°  15'  W.  Lat. 
from  24°  to  25°  20'  N. 

Androwskala,  fort  on  Mount  Caucasus,  10  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Alexandrofsk. 

Andrusa,  t  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  20  m.  N. 
E.  Naverin. 

Anduse,  t.  France,  in  Cevennes,  on  the  Garden, 
20  m,  N.  W.  Nismes.     Pop.  5,000. 

Anduxar,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Guadal- 
quiver,  6  leagues  from  Jaen.     Pop.  14,000. 

Aned  Del,  t.  Nubia,  45  m.  S.Chiggre. 

Anedour,  t.  Hind.  20  m.  W.  Madura. 

Anegaday  isl.  W.  Indies.  Lon.  64°  22'  W.  Lat. 
18°  46'  N. 

Anegada,  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  at  tlie 
mouth  of  the  Rio  de  los  Sauces.     Lat.  44°  45'  S. 

Anemur,  cape  and  city  of  Caramania,  in  Asia 
Minor,  120  m.  S.  Konich.  Lon.  32°  30'  E.  Lat.  36° 
15'  N. 

Aneri,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon,  95  m.  W.  Meaco. 

Anel,  t.  France,  in  the  Eure  and  Loire,  8  m.  N. 
Dreux.     Pop.  1,570. 

Anet,  V.  Sv/itzerland,  17  m.  W.  N.  W.  Berne. 

Anfant,  t.  Persia,  30  m.  N.  W.  Zareng. 

Anfelden^  t.  Bavaria,  12  m.  N.  W.  Anspach. 

./Ingad,  desert,  Africa,  between  Algiers  and 
Morocco.    Iiihabited  by  fierce  and  war-like  Arabs. 

Angamaly,  t.  in  Cocliin,  35  m.  E.  Cranganore. 

Angatole,  t.  Ceylon,  25  m,  S.  E.  Colombo. 


Angary  isl.  in  the* Persian  gulf,  S.  of  Kishma  isl. 

Angara,  r.  Siberia,  rises  in  lake  Baikal,  and 
passing  Irkutsk,  falls  into  the  Enissey. 

Angara,  t.  Thibet,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dharmsaleh. 

Angaraes,  province,  Peru,  watered  by  some  ol 
the  head  streams  of  the  Apurimac.  Its  capital  is 
Guancavelica.     Pop.  3,245. 

Angasa,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  E.  Madagas- 
car.    Lon.  58°  10'  E.  Lat.  17°  S. 

Angeac,  t.  France,  3  leagues  W.  S.  W.  Cognac. 
Pop. 1,500. 

Angee  Gardien,  parish,  Cote-de-Beaupre  seign- 
iory. Lower  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  7.^ 
m.N.  E.  Quebec. 

Angedira,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  44  m.  S.  Goa. 
Lon.  74°  E.Lat  14°  44'N. 

Angel,  r.  Germany,  runs  into  the  Ems,  near 
Munster. 

Angelana,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  25  m.  N.  Koom. 

Angeles.     See  Pucbla  de  los  Angeles. 

Angelica,  p-t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Genesee  r.  S.  E.  Buffalo.     Pop.  439. 

Angeln  or  Anglen,  disti*ict,  Denmark,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Sleswick,  between  the  bay  of  Fleus- 
burg  and  the  river  Schley. 

Angelniemiy  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  22  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Abo. 

Angenila,  isl.  at  the  E.  entrance  of  the  straits  of 
Sunda.    Lon.  106°  38'  E.  Lat.  5°  48'  S. 

Angenweely  t.  Hind,  in  Concan,  95  m.  S.  Bom- 
bay. 

Anger,  t.  Stiria,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Gratz. 

Anger,  t.  Austria,  8  m.  S.  St.  Polten. 

Angerbach,  r.  Prussia,  fails  into  the  Havel,  n. 
Potsdam. 

Angerburg,  t.  Prussia,  55  m.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Angeree  Point,  on  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  105° 
47' E. 

Angermann-Aa,  r.  Sweden,  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Botlniia,  at  Hernosand.     Lat.  62°  32'  N. 

Angermannland,  district,  Sweden,  on  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  bounded  N.  W.  by  Bothnia  and  Asele,  or 
Angermannlands-Lappmark,  S.  by  Medelpad,  and 
W.  by  Jamtland. 

Angenriunde,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  7  m.  N.  Dusseldorf. 

Angermunde,  t.  Prussia,  in  Ucker  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 40  m.  N.  Berlin. 

Angers,  city,  France,  cap.  of  the  Maine  and 
Loire,  on  the  Mayenne.  Slate  quarries,  and 
mines  of  iron  and  coal,  are  found  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. Here  are  manufactured,  stamine,  camlets, 
seige,  and  otherstuffs,  hats,  and  leather.  221eagues 
W.  Tours,  and  30  S.  E.  Rennes.     Pop.  28,927. 

Angervitle,  v.  France,  9  leagues  S.  Versailles. 

Angerville  r Archer  and  Angerville  la  Martel,  2 
towns.  France,  Lower  Seine. 

Angevan,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  60  m.  S.  S.  E.  Cas- 
bin. 

Anghiari,  t.  Italy,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Tusca- 
ny ;  another,  near  the  Adige. 

Anghiera,  t.  Italy,  on  tlie  Lago  Maggiore,  at  the 
egi-ess  of  the  Ticino,  30  m.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Angira,  t.  Persia,  30  m.  W.  Schiraz. 

Angistola,  r.  Naples,  rises  in  Calabria  Ultra, 
and  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Eufemia,  8  m.  N.  Monte- 
leone.     Lon.  16°  28'  E.  Lat.  38°  47'  N. 

Angistri,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Engia,  on  the  coast 
of  Greece.     Lon.  23°  22'  E.  Lat  37°  41'  N. 

Anglade,  t.  France,  7  leagues  N.  Bordeaux. 

Anglard,  t.  France,  12  leagues  N.  W.  St.  Flour. 

Angle,  t.  France,  10  leagues  E.  S.  E.  Poitiers. 

Angle,  t.  France,  4  leagues  W.  Lucon. 


A  N  G 

Angles,  or  Angle,  t.  France,  19  leagues  W. 
Moutpdicr.     Fop.  2,560. 

Anglesey,  isl.  and  co.  N.  Wales,  in  the  Irish  sea, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  Menai  strait, 
and  containing  402  square  miles.  Its  copper  mines 
formerly  yielded  from  40,000  to  80,000  tons  year- 
ly, employing- 1500 miners;  12 or  15  years  ago  1000 
miners  were  employed  ;  but  in  1809  only  600. 
Lead  ore  is  found  here  ;  and  coal  is  obtained  in 
considerable  quantity.  Grain  and  cattle  are  the 
chief  products  of  Anglesey.  100,000  bushels  of 
grain  are  exported  in  favourable  seasons.  The 
island  contains  77  parishes,  7,183  houses,  and 
37,045  inhabitants  comprised  in  7,706  families, 
of  which  5,376  are  occupied  in  agriculture,  1,453 
in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Angksola,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10  m.  W.  N.  W 
Cervera. 

Anglesqiierille,  t.  France,  7i  leagues  N.  Rouen. 
AnglcU  t.  France,  i  league  W.  S.  W.  Bayonne. 
Anglois,  Cul  de  Sac,  a  secure  harbour  on  the  S. 
E.  of  Martin  ico  island. 

Anglona,  t.  Naj)les,  in  Basilicata. 
Angol,  city  in  Chili,  on  the  Biobio,  destroj-ed 
by  the  incursions  of  the  Araucanian  Indians,   50 
m.  S.  E.  Concepcion. 

Angola,  usually  described  as  a  kingdom  of  W. 
Africa,  immediately  S.  of  Congo,  comprises,  in 
mercantile  language,  the  whole  coast,  from  Cape 
Lopez  Gonsalvo,  to  St.  Phelipe  de  Benguela,  or 
fr.  1°  to  12°  S.  lat.  It  is  resorted  to  for  slaves.  At 
St.  Paul  de  Loango,  8^°  S.  lat.  is  the  chief  Portu- 
guese establishment  for  supplying  Brazil  with  ne- 
groes. The  number  annually  transported  does 
not  fall  short  o/ 40,000. 

Angora,  Angura,  or  Ankora,  city,  A.  Turkey, 
in  Natolia ;  surrounded  by  mountains.  Shawls 
rivalling  those  of  Cashmere  are  fabricated  of  the 
hair  of  the  Angora  goat.  It  is  long  and  of  a  silken 
texture.  The  goat  affords  200  or  300  drams  of  it, 
and  is  shorn  twice  a-year.  As  the  neighbouring 
territory  is  more  profitably  employed  in  rearing 
these  animals,  the  city  is  supplied  from  a  distance 
with  grain,  but  opium  is  extensively  cultivated, 
and  a  great  quantity  of  honey  and  wax  is  obtained. 
The  population  is  variously  estimated  from  40,000 
to  100,000.  They  consist  of  Mahometans  and 
Christians  ;  the  latter  have  a  Greek  and  Ar- 
menian archbishop  and  7  churches.  212  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  33°  18'  E.  Lat.  40° 
4'N. 

Angostura,  t.  S.  America,  in  New  Grenada,  on 
the  Magdalena,  140  m.  N.  Santa  Fee  de  Bogota. 

Angoule,  r.  Syria,  flowing  into  the  lake  of  Anti- 
och,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Antioch. 

Angoulcme,  city,  France,  on  the  Charente,  20 
leagues  N.  N.  E.  Bordeaux.  It  is  the  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Charente.  Pop.  14,745.  This 
town  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  a  nephew  of  the 
present  king  of  France. 

Angoumais,  formerly  a  province  of  France,  now 
forming  part  of  the  departments  of  the  Charente, 
the  "Charente  Inferieur,  the  Dordogne,  and  the 
Deux  Sevres. 
Angoutchu,  t.  Tibet,  10  m.  S.  Dharmsaleh. 
Angoxa,  r.  in  Mosambique,  E.  Africa,  empties 
in  lat.  16°  30'  S. 

Angra,  s-p.  cap.  Tercera,  one  of  the  Azores.  It 
is  the  residence  of  the  Portuguese  local  govern- 
ment.    Lon.  27°  14'  W.  Lat.  38°  38'  N. 

Angra  de  los  Reyes,  citv,  Brazil,  in  Rio  Janeiro, 
on  a  small  bay.    Lon.  44°  1 1'  W. L^t.  23°  4'  S. 


A  N  I  . 


47' 


Angrab,  r.  Abyssinia,  rises  near  Gondar,  and 
falls  into  the  Tacazze. 

Angrie,  t.  France,  in  the  Maine  and  Loire,  5 
leagues  W.  N.  W.  Angers. 

Angrogne,  a  commune  in  the  valley  of  Lucerne, 
in  Piedmont,  surrounded  by  lofty  mountains,  in 
many  places  inaccessible.  It  was  the  last  retreat 
of  the  persecuted  Waldenses. 

Angstoo,  t  Tibet,  75  m.  N.  Jemlah. 
Angucah,  district,  Abyssinia,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  50  m.  E.  Axum. 

Aiiguiliasira,  isl.  in  the  Mediterrane3in,nearthe 
E.  coast  of  Sardinia.     Lat.  40°  1'  N, 

Anguila,  or  Snake  Island,  the  most  N.  of  the 
Caribbees,  10  leagues  in  length,  and  3  in  breadth. 
Its  productions  are  tobacco,  maize,  and  sugar. 
It  is  a  flourishing  Missionary  station.  Lat.  18°  12'N. 

Anguilla,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands.  N,  W.  of 
the  island  is  the  Anguilla  Bank,  or  Cayos  de  los 
Paques.    Lon.  78°  50'  'W.  Lat.  23°  36'  N. 

Anguillara,  t.  Italy,  vicariate  of  Padua,  near 
the  Adige.  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Rovigo.     Pop.  2,860. 

Anguillara,  v.  Italy,  at  the  outlet  of  Bracciano, 
12  m.  N.  W,  Rome. 

Anguille,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lat.  47°  57' N. 

Angulty,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  32m.  E  Sera. 

Angunciada,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  tlie 
Ebro,  8  m.  N.  Calzada. 

Angus.     See  Forfar,  Coujity  of. 

Angustrina,  t.  France,  in  the  eastern  Pyrenee?, 
6  leagues  S.  E.  Ax. 

Anhalt,  principality,  Germany,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  E.  by  the  duchy  of  Sax- 
ony, S.  W.  by  the  county  of  Mansfeld,  and  N.  W. 
by  Brunswick,  Halberstadt,  and  Magdeburg.  It  is 
60  miles  long  and  12  to  16  broad  ;  containing  924 
square  miles,  and  1 10,000  inhabitants.  The  coun- 
try is  level,  and  productive  in  corn,  tobacco,  and 
fruits.  Cattle  and  wood  form  the  chief  articles  of 
export.  The  religion  is  the  Calvinist.  The  en- 
tire revenue  is  at  least  600,000  dollars,  exclusive 
of  the  possessions  of  the  Dessau  branch  in  Prussia, 
Silesia,  and  other  parts  of  Germany.  The  prin- 
cipal proprietors  of  Anhalt,  are  the  heads  of  the 
houses  of  Bernburg,  Dessau,  and  Kothen.  Each 
of  the  three  princes  has  full  sovereignty  over  his 
respective  domains. 

Anhalt,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  between 
Lessoe  and  Zealand,  surrounded  by  sand  banks. 
Lon.  11°  35'  E.  Lat.  56°  38'  N. 

Anholt,  t.  castle,  and  domain,  Germany,  be- 
tween Munster,  Cleves  and  Zutphen,  on  the  Old 
Yssel,  and  belonging  to  the  house  of  Salm,  now  oc- 
cupied by  Prussia.     90  m.  E.  Nimeguen. 

Anja,  lake.  Little  Bukharia,  60  m.  S.  Hotun. 

Aniane,  or  St.  Benoil,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  5| 
leagues  W.  by  N.  Montpelier. 

Anian-Straits,  between  N.  E.  point  of  Asia,  and 
the  N.  W.  point  of  America. 

Anjar,  t.  Syria,  between  Aleppo  and  Alexan- 
dria. 

Anicul,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  18  m.  S.  Banga- 
lore. 

Anjengo,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Travancore,  at 
the  mouth  of  a  broad  and  deep  river,  70  m.  from 
Cape  Comorin,  40  N.  W.  Travancore. 

Anjier,  v.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  on  a  bay,  78 
m.  W.  Batavia. 

Animally,  or  Animalaya,  t.  Hind.  18  S.  Coimbe- 
toor,  33  W.  Daraporum,"  Law.  77°  3'  E.  Lat.  IC^ 
41' N. 


48 


.  A  N  N 


ANT 


Aninsky  v.  Russia,  in  Perm.  Its  copper-mine 
produces  yearly  about  250  tons  of  copper. 
Antoia,  t.  Naples  13  m.  S.  Nicotera. 
Aiijoii,  fbrmei'ly  a  province  of  France,  now  di- 
vided among  the  departmemts  of  Loire,  Interieure, 
Vendee,  Indre  and  Loire,  Sarthe,  lUe  and  Vilaine, 
Mayenne,  and  Deux-Sevres. 

Anisa,  t.  Arabia,  200  m.  N.  W.  Jamama, 
Anisi,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  40  m.  E.  Kars,  40 
W.  Erivan. 

Aniva,  or  Tambaauora,  bay  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  tlie  island  Saghalin.     Lon.  144°   20'  E.  Lat. 
46°  10'  N. 
Ankapilly,  t.  Hind^  5  m.  N.  E.  Cossimcotta. 
Ankapilhj,  t.  Hind.  20  m.  W.  Rajamundry. 
Anker,  r.Eng.  falls  into  the  Tame,  at  Tarn  worth, 
in  Warwickshire. 

Ankerjield,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ross-shire,  4  m.  S. 
Tain. 

Ajiklam,  t.  Germany,  in  Pomerania.      Both  iU 
inland  and  maritime  commerce  are  of  considera- 
ble importance.    36  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stralsund. 
Ankun,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhtdt,  near  Zerbst. 
Anlesi/,  V.  France,  6  league*-  E.  Nevers. 
Anmantagoodi/,  t.  Hind,  in  JIarawar,  30  m.  N. 
Ramanadporum,  and  60  S.  Tanjore. 

Annaburg,  i.  in  the  Prussian  duchy  of  Saxony, 
S.  E.  Wiilembcrg,  45  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dresden. 

Armagh,  v.  Ireland,  Cork  co.  5  m.  from  Charle- 
ville. 

Annagh,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  Lat.  53° 
.58'  N, 

Annagh,  isl.  Ireland,  in  the  Lough  Conn,  coun- 
ty of  Mayo,  8  m.  from  Killala. 

Annagh  JVan,  or  Annachnan,  isl.  on  the  S.  W. 
<:oast  of  Ireland,  22  m.  W.  Galway.  Lon.  9°  38' 
W.  Lat.  53°  18' N. 

Annagoondy,  or  Bijanagur,  city.  Hind,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Toombudra.  Lon.  76°  34'  E. 
Lat  15°  1 4' N.     SeeBisnagar. 

Annalt,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates, 
150  m.  from  Bagdad. 

Annamaboc,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast  for- 
merly a  great  market  for  the  slave  trade. 

Annamooka,  or  Botlerdam,  one  of  the  Friendly 
Islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  174°  31'  W. 
Lat.  20°  15' S. 

Annan,  bor.  and  s-p.  Scotland,  Dumfrieshire, 
on  the  Annan,  14  ra.  fr.  Dumfries,  56  S.  Edin- 
burgh. It  has  a  good  hai  hour.  Shipping  750  or 
800  tons.     Pop.  2,500. 

Annan,  r.  Scotland,  runs  into  the  Solway  frith. 
Annandale,  district,  Scotland,    Dumfrieshire, 
on  the  Annan. 

Annapolis,  city,  Ann-Arundel  co,  Md.  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Severn,  30  m.  S.  Baltimore,  40  E.  N. 
E.  Washington.  Pop.  about  2,000.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  state  government.  Shipping  in  1815,  2,553 
tons. 

Annapolis,  r.  Nova  Scotia,  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Fundy.    It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  any  burthen 
10  miles ;  and  15  miles  for  those  of  100  tons. 
Annapolis,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Annapolis  river. 
Annapolis  Royal,  s-p.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  river 
and  bay  of  Annapolis.     The  port  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  world,  fiom  5  to  18  fathoms  deep,  and 
large  enough  to  contain  several  hundred  ships. 
Lon.  65°  22'  W.  Lat.  44°  49'  N. 
Annboor,  p-v.  Maury  co.  Ten. 
■  Ann-Amndel,  co.  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of  Chesa- 
peake bay.     Pop.  26,668.     Chief  t.  Annapolis. 

Annecy,  cap.  of  the  Savoyese  duchy  of  Gene- 
>*oi=,  ond   after <'hambprry,  th^  largest  toAvn  of 


Savoy.     It  is  on  Annecy  lake,  30  m.  S.  Geneva. 
Pop.  3,440.    Lon.  5°  57'  E.  Lat.  45°  56' N. 

Anneulin,  v.  France,  dep  of  the  North,  3  leagues 
S.  W.  Lille.     Pop.  1,500. 

Annobon,  isl.  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Congo,  300 
m.  W.  Cape  Lopez.     Lon.  5°  30'  E.  Lat.  1°  32'  S. 

A'nnondy,  t.  France,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Cauce  and  Deume,  famous  for  its  manufactures 
of  excellent  paper.  Pop.  5,800.  12^  leagues  N. 
Privas.     Lon.  6°  50'  E.  Lat.  45°  15'  N. 

Annone,  t.  Piedmont,  in  the  district  of  Alessan- 
dria,'on  the  Tanaro. 

Annof,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Lower  Alp?. 
Pop.  1,030.  8  leagues  E.  S.  E.  Digne.  Lon.  6° 
49'  E.  Lat.  48°  57'  N. 

Announah,  or  Annonay,  t.  Algiers,  32  m.  E. 
Constantina. 

A?insburg,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N. 
W.  Machias. 

Annsrille,  p-v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va.  55  m.  S. Rich- 
mond. 

Annmille,  p-v.  Alliens  co.  Ohio. 

Annvnciada,  Point,  on  W.  coast  of  Africa.  La^ 
15°  30'  S. 

Anaopshehr,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Gauges. 
in  lat.  28°  21'  N. 

Anover,  v.  Spain,  12  m.  N.  E.  Toledo. 

Ansauvillery  v.  Fi-ance,  in  Oise,  7  leagues  N.  E. 
Beauvais. 

Ansedonia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Tus- 
cany. 

Ansga,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  55  m.  N.  N.  W.  Di- 
arbekir. 

Ansa,  or  Rocca  d\'inso,  fort,  in  Venice,  20  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Brescia. 

Anson,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  Kenne- 
bec, 12  m.  N.  W.  Non-idgewock.     Pop.  633. 

Anson,  co.  N.  C.  on  liie  Yadkin,  S.  W.  Raleigh. 
Chief  t.  Wadesborough.  Pop.  8,831.  Slaves. 
2,325.  > 

Anson's  Bay,  on  W,  coast  of  Norfolk  island. 

Anson's  Island.     See  Bouka. 

Anspach,  or  Oiwbzbach,  formerly  a  principality 
of  Germany,  but  now  mostly  included  in  the  cir- 
cles of  the  Rezat,  and  the  Upper  Danube,  in  Ba- 
varia. 

Anspach,  the  capital  of  the  circle  of  tlie  Rezat, 
in  Bavaria,  30  m.  S.  W.  Nuremberg.  Lon,  10"' 
33'  E.  Lat.  49°  12'  N.     Pop.  11,924. 

Anstruther  Wester,  bor.  parish,  and  s-p.  Scot- 
land, in  Fifeshire,  on  the  N.  shore  of- the  frith  of 
Forth,  23  m.  N.  E.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  393. 

Anta.     See  Ahantah. 

Antalia.     See  Satalia. 

Antalo,  t.  Abyssinia,  cap.  of  Eudeila,  67  m.  S. 
E.  Adowa. 

Antandro,  i.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  gul, 
of  Adramiti,  12  m.  S.  Adramiti. 

Antaralik  Fiord,  bav  on  W.  coast  of  W.  Green- 
land.    Lon.  49°  45  \\.  Lat.  64°  40'  N. 

Antegnuto,  t.  Italy,  4  m.  W.  N.  W.  Brescia. 

Antequera,  t.  Spain,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Malaga,  54 
W.  Granada.     Pop.  13,000. 

Antequera.     See  Oaxaca. 

Anter,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Koma. 

Anthony,  Fort,  Dutch  settlement  on  the  gold 
coast  of  Guinea,  on  the  W.  extremity  of  Capp 
Three  Points,  25  m.  E.  Apollonia. 

Anthony  Cave''s  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  152°  50'  E.  Lat.  3°  10'  S. 

Anthony^s  Kill,  r.  N.  Y,  empties  into  the  Hut' 
son  from  the  W.  7  m.  above  the  Moll:av^^k. 


ANT 


ANT 


49 


Anthony'' s  Kose,  a  lofty  promontory,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Hudson  r.  52 m.  N.  New  York. 

Jlntibes,  s-p.  France,  on  the  Mediterranean.  It 
is  an  important  barrier  on  the  side  of  Italy.  Lon. 
7°11'E. 

AnticoU,  t.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  the  Church,  in 
the  Campao;na  di  Roma. 

Antieosti,  isl.  in  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
125  miles  long,  and  30  broad.  It  has  no  harbor  ; 
is  uncultivated.  Two  persons  appointed  by  gov- 
ernment reside  on  it  to  assist  those  who  may  have 
the  misfortune  to  be  wrecked  on  the  desolate 
coast.  Lon.  of  the  E.  point,  62°  0'  W.  Lat.  49° 
5'N. 

Antigareahy  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  ncarthe  coast 
of  Corcan,  30  m.  N.  Gheriah.  Lon.  72°  58'  E.  Lat. 
17°  10'  N. 

Antignana,  t.  Istria,  3  m.  N.  N.  E.  Pedena. 

Antigua,  isl.  W.  Indies,  50  m.  in  circumference, 
and  contains  59,838  acres,  the  greater  part  of 
which  is  appropriated  to  the  growth  of  sugar. 
The  other  principal  staples  are  cotton,  wool,  and 
tobacco.  The  official  value  of  the  imports  and 
exports  were,  in  1809,  imports,  198,121/.;  exports, 
216,000/.  In  1810,  imnorts,  285,458/.;  exports, 
182,392/.  Pop.  in  1817^  2,102  whites,  438  free 
blacks,  and  31,452  slaves.  It  is  the  seat  of  ancient 
and  successful  missionary  establishments.  Their 
schools  contained,  at  tlie  last  returns,  1,400  schol- 
ars, and  their  efforts  have  effected  a  happy  change 
in  the  morals  of  the  blacks  and  coloured  people. 
Lon.  61°  38'  to  61°  53'  W.    Lat.  17°  to  17°  12'  N. 

Antilibanos,  mountains  in  Syria,  being  part  of 
the  chain  of  Libanus. 

Antilles,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  certain 
islands  in  the  West  Indies.  They  are  distinguish- 
ed into  Greater  and  Less.  The  Greater  compre- 
hend Cuba,  Hispaniola,  Jamaica,  and  Porto  Ri- 
co; and  the  Less,  Aruba,  Curacoa,  Bonair,  Mar- 
garetta,  and  others  near  tlae  coast  of  S.  America. 

Antin,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  20  leagues 
W.  S.  W.  Toulouse. 

Antina,  Civita  d\  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra, 
1 1  m.  N.  W.  Sora,  25  S.  Aquila. 

Antioch,  now  called  Antaki,  or  Antakie,  by  the 
Turks,  a  city  of  Syria,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Orontes.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  inclosing  a 
space  of  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half  in  diameter. 
It  is  governed  by  a  mohassel,  dependent  on  the 
pacha  of  Aleppo.  It  is  also  the  residence  of  a  pa- 
triarch of  the  Greek  church.  50  m.  W.  Aleppo. 
Pop.  18,150,  of  whom  15,000  are  Mahometans, 
3,000  Christians,  and  150  Jews.  Lon.  35°  17'  E. 
Lat.  36°  6'  N. 

Antioche,  Pertuis  d\  strait,  W.  coast  of  France, 
separates  the  island  of  Oleron  from  those  of  Rhe 
and  Aix. 

Antiochctta,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  of  Cara- 
maaia,  88  m.  S.  Konieh.  Lon.  32°  20'  E.  Lat. 
36°  6'  N. 

Antioquia,  province,  New  Granada,  bounded 
N.  by  Carthagena,  S.  by  Popayan,  E.  by  Santa 
Fe,  W.  by  Choco.  It  possesses  gold  mines.  Its 
capital  is  Santa  Fc.   Lon.  74°  30'  W.  Lat.  6°  50 'N. 

Antiparos,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  be- 
tween Paros  and  Siphanto.  Here  is  a  cavern  or 
grotto  in  the  side  of  a  rock,  about  2  miles  from  the 
shore,  in  height  60  yards,  in  width  120.  Its  sides 
are  crystallized  marble,  and  present  a  splendid 
scene  when  lighted  up.  4  m.  W.  Paros.  Lon.  25° 
13'  E.  Lat.  37°  2'  N. 

Aniipatris,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  plains  of  Pal- 
esljine.  between  Joppa  and  Cssarea. 

7 


Anlipaxo,  Anlipasso,  or  Antipacksu,  isl.  near 
Corfu,  included  in  the  republic  of  the  Ionian  isles. 

Aniipino,  t.  Russia,  on  Volga  r.lOO  m.  S.Saratov. 

Antipinsk,  t,  Russia,  on  the  Volga,  inhabited  by 
Cossacs  of  the  Don,  100  m.  S.  Saratof. 

Ajitipsera,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  2  m. 
fr.  Ipsera.    Lon.  25°  33'  E.  Lat.  38°  42'  N. 

Antisana.  a  volcanic  summit  of  the  Andes,  in 
Quito,  19, 150  teet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Antisana,  hamlet,  in  the  Andes,  3,800  feetabove 
Quito,  and  13,500  feetabove  the  level  of  the  sea: 
the  highest  inhabited  place  on  the  globe. 

Antivari,  t,  Albania,  on  the  gulf  of  Venice,  38 
ai.  S.  E.  Ragusa.     Lat.  42°  25'  N. 

Antlestorf,  t.  Austria,  6  m.  E.  Entzerstorff. 

Antoing,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the 
Scheldt,  4  m,  fr.  Tournay.     Pop.  1,600. 

Aiilon,  or  Test,  r.  Eng.  rises  10  m.  N.  Andover, 
and  takes  the  name  of  Southampton  water  at  Red- 
bridge,  which  is  retained  until  its  discharge  into 
the  sea  at  Spithead. 

Antonew,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk,16  m.S.S.E.  Mozyr. 

Ajitongil,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar. 

Anlonne,  t.  IVance,  in  Dordogne,  on  the  lUe,  2 
leagues  fr.  Perigeux. 

Antony,  t.  France,  noted  for  candle  manufacto* 
tories.     Pop.  1,220.     2  leagues  S.  S.  W.  Paris. 

Antraigucs,  t.  France,  in  Ardcche.  Pop.  1,500. 
4i  leagues  W.  Pri\'^3. 

Ant  rain,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  lUe  and  Vilaine. 
Pop.  1,375.     9  leagues  N.  E,  Reunes. 

Antrain,  t.  France,  in  the  Nievre,  4  leagues  E. 
Cosne. 

Antriff,  r.  Hesse,  flows  into  the  Schwalm,  at 
Zell. 

Antrim,  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster. 
Its  manufactures  are  linen  yarn,  white  and  brown 
linen,  wool,  canvas,  paper,  and  kelp.  It  has  an 
iron  foundery,  fisheries,  and  exports  great  quanti- 
ties of  butter.  Chief  towns,  Antrim,  and  Belfast. 
Pop.  in  1812,  240,000. 

Antrim,  t.  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  at  the 
N.  end  of  Lough  Neagh.  Pop.  2,183.  12  m.  N. 
W.  Belfast,  84 IV.  Dublin. 

Antrim,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  25  m.  S. 
W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,277. 

Antrim,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,864. 

Antrologo,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  11  m.  N,  E. 
Venosa. 

Antros,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Garonne. 

Antsha,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  25  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Ispira. 

Anlsianacs,  people,  in  the  interior  of  Mada- 
gascar. 

Antwerp,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  on  the 
Scheldt.  Its  citadel  is  on  the  S.  side  of  the  town. 
Its  harbor  is  deep  and  commodious,  capable  of 
containing  1000  vessels.  Antwerp  was  formerly 
the  greatest  place  of  trade  in  Europe,  and  had  a 
numerous  population,  but  the  policy  of  the  Dutch 
turned  the  trade  to  Amsterdam.  It  has  an  elegant 
cathedral  church,  stadthouse,  and  exchange ;  and 
a  vast  warehouse  for  Baltic  merchandise.  In  the 
parish  church  of  St.  James  are  deposited  the  re- 
mains of  Rubens.  The  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  jewellery,  sugar-refining,  and  linen-bleaching  ; 
in  the  manufacturing  of  cotton,  lace,  and  carpet?. 
Antwerp  has  repeatedly  experienced  the  calami- 
ties of  war.  In  1576  "it  was  plundered  by  the 
Spaniards ;  surrendered  to  the  duke  of  Marlbo- 
rough in  1706 ;  the  French  took  it  in  1746,  restor- 
ed it  to  Austria  at  \ho  peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle: 


50 


APE 


A  P  P 


re-occupied  it  in  1794,  and  retained  it  during  the 
next  20  years.  22  m.  N.  Brussels,  22  fr.  Ghent. 
Lon.  4°  22'  E.  Lat.  51°  14'  N.     Pop.  6 1,800. 

Antwerp,  p-t.  Jefferson  cd.(N.  Y.)  N.  E.  Water- 
town.    Pop.  350. 

Anui  Bolsche,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Kolima, 
'24  m.  E.  Niznei  Novimskoi. 

Anui  Snchoi,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Kolima, 
27  m.  E.  Niznei  Novimskoi. 

Anville,  p-t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  17  m.  fr.  Harris- 
burg.     Pop.  2,601. 

Anville  Island,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  on  the  N. 
W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  237°  3'  £.  Lat.  49° 
30' N. 

Anuiskaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  50  m.  W.  N.  W.  Bi- 
isk.     Lon.  83°  14'  E.  Lat.  52°  N. 

Anweiler,  t.  Bavaria,  duchy  of  Deux- Fonts,  on 
the  Queich,  6  m.  from  Landau.     Pop.  1,800. 

Ansa,  r.  Piedmont,  joins  the  Tosa  near  Vo- 


Anzarba,  or  Anazarba,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Adana, 
30  m.  N.  E.  Adana,  30  W.  S.  W.  Marasch.  Lon. 
35°  45'  E.  Lat.  37°  4'  N. 

Anzico,  or  Micocco,  region  in  the  interior  of  W. 
Africa,  behind  Congo. 

Ansuelos,  r.  Guatimala,  runs  E.  into  the  Carib- 
bean sea.    Lon.  82°  50'  W.     Lat.  10°  5'  N. 

Anzuki,  or  Anzugiama,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon,  on 
lake  Meaco,  80  ra.  jy.  E.  Meaco. 

Aor,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Malacca.  Lon.  104° 
35'  E.  Lat.  2°  25'  N. 

Aorte,  t.  France,  in  the  Landes,  4  leagues  S. 
Dax. 

Aosta,  duch)-,  in  Piedmont,  separated  by  the 
Alps  from  Savoy  and  the  Valais.     Pop.  66,000. 

Aosta,  chief  t.  in  the  above  duchy,  on  the  Doria, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Alps,  at  the  meeting  of  the  great 
commercial  roads  from  Savoy  and  the  Valais  to 
Piedmont.  Pop.  5,550.  25  m.  N.  W.  Ivrea,  150 
N.  N.  W,  Turin. 

Aosta,  t.  Syria,  near  the  sea,  35  m.  S.  Tripoli. 

Aoakel.     See  Howakil. 

Aouste,  t.  France,  on  the  Drome,  6  leagues  S. 
Valence. 

Aoiitos,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  44  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Burgos. 

Aouz,  t.  Arabia  Petraea,  near  the  Red  sea,  95 
m.  S.  Calaat  el  Moilali. 

Aot/ca,  t,  Spain,  in  Navarre,  10  m.  N.  MV.  Pam- 
peluna. 

Aoys,  or  Aayz,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the 
"Yrate,  10  m.  N.  W.  Sanguesa. 

Apalachian  Mountains.  See  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains. 

Apalachie,  r.  Georgia,  the  S.  branch  of  the  Oco- 
nee, which  it  joins  4m.  W.  Greensboro'. 

Apam.     See  Acron. 

Apamea,  or  Degel,  i.  Persia,  on  the  Tigi'is,  27 
m.  fr.  Bagdad. 

Apamea.     Sec  Hamah. 

Apamis,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  ontlie  Meander,  100 
m.  W.  Eskihissar. 

Apanormia,  t.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Santorin, 
6  m.  N.  N.  W.  Scaro.  Lon.  25°  24'  E.  Lat.  36° 
38' N. 

./Ipassi,  r.  Circassia,  runs  into  the  Kuban,  75  m. 
E.  Taman. 

Apasso,  t.  Mexico,  42  m.  N.  Mexico. 

Apatshinsk,  t.  in  Kamtscliatka,  on  the  Bolschaia. 

Apchon,  t.  France,  inCantal,  12  m.  N.  St.  Flour. 

.Ipee,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  about  60  miles  in  cireuit.  Loo.  108°  36'  E. 
Lat.  16°  42'  &. 


Apdbo,  t.  Sweden,  in  Dalecarlia.  Lon.  13^ 
50'  E.  Lat.  60°  28'  N. 

Apelche,  or  Apelscebuel,  t.  Netherlands,  West 
Friesland,  36  m.  S.  Leeuwarden. 

Apenburg,  t.  in  the  Mark  of  Brandenbui^,  22 
m.  AV.  Stendal.  Pop.  380.  Lon.  12°  23'  E.  Lat. 
52°  40'  N. 

Apennines.     See  Appennines. 

Apenrade,  t.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  on  an  arm 
of  the  Baltic.  Pop.  3,000.  Lon.  9°  26'  E.  Lat 
55°  3' N. 

Apfeldstadt,  r.  Saxony,  falls  into  the  Gera  a' 
Molsilorf. 

Apkiom,  or  Afium-Kara-hissar,  t.  Natolia,  on  the 
Marsyas,or  Mindra,  surrounded  by  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  castle.  Manufactures  are  carried  on 
here  in  woollen  stuffs,  particularly  carpets ;  also 
in  chintzes,  and  fire-arms;  but  the  staple  com- 
modity is  opium.  A  pacha  of  two  tails  reside? 
here,  and  the  town  is  the  ordinary  resort  of  the 
caravans  from  Constantinople  and  Smyrna.  Pop. 
estimated  at  60,000.  56  m.  S.  Kutayeh,  162  E. 
Smyrna.    Lon.  30°  26'  E.  Lat.  38°  46'  N. 

Apice,  t.  Naples,  in  the  principato  Citra,  7  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Benevento. 

Apiochania,  r.  of  Peru,  runs  N,  of  La  Paz,  into 
the  Beni. 

Aploga,  t.  in  Wbidah,  on  the  Slave  coast  of  Af- 
rica, near  the  Euphrates. 

Apo,  one  of  the  Philippine  island?,  between 
Mindoro  and  the  Calamianes.  Lon.  123°  10'  E. 
Lat.  9°  23'  N.  The  Shoals  extend  28  m.  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.  and  8  in  breadth.  Lon.  120°  36'  E. 
Lat.  12°  27'  N. 

Apolabamba,  pi-ovince,  Peru,  in  La  Paz,  N.  of 
Larecaja,  Pop,  30,000,  chiefly  civihzed  Indians. 
Chief  t.  St.  Antonio  de  Aten. 

Apolda,  t.  Germany,  in  the  gi-and  duchy  of 
Saxe-Weimar.  It  belongs  to  the  university  of 
Jena.  Here  are  extensive  stocking  Avorks,  which 
employ  above  2,500  persons,  who  manufacture 
vearly  about  40,000  dozen  pairs.  Pop.  4,000.  40 
m.  S.  W.  Leipsic.     Lon.  1 1°  30'  E.  Lat.  50°  56'  N . 

.-if/jo/^ma,  in  Sac.  Geog.  s-p.  of  Macedonia,  S. 
Amphipolis ;  also  a  town  of  Illyria.     • 

Apollonia,  kingdom,  Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast, 
comprehending  the  whole  of  the  coast  W.  of  the 
river  Ancobra.  It  stretches  about  100  miles  along: 
the  coast,  and  20  inland.  The  coast  is  flat,  has  no 
creeks  or  harbors,  and  the  sea  breaks  with  such 
violen<^e  as  to  render  the  approach  dangerous. 

Apoquinimink,  creek,  Newcastle  co.  Delaware, 
runs  into  Delaware  bay  2  m.  below  Reedy  island. 

Appalaches,  Indians,  50  in  number,  on  Bayou 
Rapide. 

Aposlola  Thadcia,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Si- 
beria, at  the  W.  end  of  the  gulf  of  Anadyr.  Lon . 
178°  14'  E.    Lat.  63°  N. 

Aposloles,  a  mission  of  the  Jesuits  in  Paraguay, 
between  the  rivers  Parana  and  Uraguay. 

Apostoles,  islands,  in  the  strait  of  Magellan. 
Lon.  75°  6'  W.  Lat.  52°  34'  S. 

Appalachia.    See  St.  Marks. 

Appalachicola,  r.  Floridn,  is  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  Chatalioochee  and  Flint  rivers,  and  empties 
into  St.  George's  Sound,  the  W,  part  of  Apalachy 
bay. 

Appalachichola,  t.East  Florida,  on  the  above  riv- 
er, 100  m.  N.  E.  Pensacola. 

Appanaig-Pollam,  t.  Hind,  in  Barramaul,  9  ra. 
S.  S.  W.  Darempoory. 

Appeldooniy  t.  Dutch  Guelderland,  13  m.  N.  W 
Zutphcn.     Pop.  2.670. 


A  P  U 


A  R  A 


ApYuiimnes,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  Italy,  which 
legins  near  mount  Appio,  one  of  the  maritime 
Alps  in  the  territory  of  Genoa,  and  after  running 
for  a  considerable  way  to  the  E.  traverses  Italy  in 
its  whole  length,  from  N.  to  S.  When  near  the 
end  of  its  course,  it  separates  into  two  branches, 
ane  of  which  advances  S.  E.  to  the  Capo  di  Leu- 
i-a,  in  the  Terra  di  Otranto,  and  the  other  W.  to 
the  strait  of  Messma, 

Appenzell,  canton,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Switzer- 
land, environed  on  all  sides  by  that  of  St.  Gall.  It 
contains  32G  sq,  miles,  and  45,000  inhabitants. 
It  is  divided  into  two  parts,  one  of  which  is  Cath- 
olic, and  the  other  Calviaist.  Each  of  these  di- 
visions has  its  own  constitution  and  magistrates, 
and  is  entirely  independent  of  the  other.  The 
form  of  government  is  pure  democracy. 

jJppeiizeH,  chief  v.  in  the  above  canton,  is  on 
*he  Sitter,  40  m.  E.  Zurich.     Pop.  3,000. 

Apperille^  t.  France,  7  leagues  VV.  S.  W.  Rouen. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Appiatio,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Lombardo-Venetian 
kingdom,  6  m.  S.  W.  Como. 

Appiduviischken,  t.  Prussia,  9  m.  S.  E.  Gumbin- 
iien. 

Appignano,  t.  in  Ancona,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  An- 
cona. 

Appii  Forum,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Italy,  50  m.  S. 
Rome. 

Appin,  district  of  Scotland,  Argyle  co.  com- 
prising a  parish  and  town  of  tlie  same  name,  and 
the  island  of  Lismore. 

Appingadam,  v»  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gronin- 
gen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Appleby.,  bor.  and  t.  Eng.  Westmorelandshire. 
Fop.  2, 160.     10  m.  fr.  Penrith. 

Appledorc,  s-p.  Eng.  Devonshire,  on  Barnstaple 
bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Taw  and  Towridge,  2i 
m.  fr.  Bideford. 

Appielon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  united  with 
Widness.     Pop.  1,204.     3  m.  fr.  Prescott. 

Appletoiiy  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  E. 
Wiscasset,  in  which  is  Montville  post-oflice.  Pop. 
316. 

Applingtmiy  t.  and  cap.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 

Appomafox,  r.  Va.  a  S.  branch  of  James  river, 
empties  at  City  point.  There  are  falls  at  Peters- 
burg, 12  miles  above  its  mouth,  around  wl:iich 
there  is  a  canal,  which  has  opened  the  navigation 
for  80  miles  above  that  city. 

Appoy,  t.  Ardra,  on  the  borders  of  Dahomey,  in 
Africa. 

Appi-obaqice,  or  Approhack,  r.  S.  America,  in 
Cayenne,  enters  the  sea  near  Cape  Orange. 

Apremont,  t.  Finance,  on  the  Vic,  dep.  of  the 
Vendee,  6  leagues  N.  Sables  d'Oloime. 

Aprey,  v.  Fr^mce,  in  the  Upper  Marne,  9 
leagues  S.  Cliaumant. 

Apricena.,  t.  Naples,  on  Mount  Gargano,  in  Ca- 
pitanata.     Pop.  3,640. 

Aprigliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  7  m. 
S.  E.  Cosenza. 

Aprio,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  the  La- 
lissa,  10  m.  E.  Trajanopolis. 

Apsa,  or  Hapmla,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania, 
18  m.  S.  E.  Adrianople. 

Apsheron.     See  Absharon, 

Apt,  t.  France,  on  the  Calavon,  dep,  of  the 
Vaucluse,  10  leagues  N.  Aix,  and  lO^E.  Avignon. 
Pop.  4,621. 

Aplavantai,  mountain  of  Chinese  Mongolia,  S. 
of  lake  Konen. 

Apui,  r.  Guiana,  enters  the  Arvi. 


Apulia,  or  Puglia,  the  name  oi  the  country 
comprised  in  the  three  Neapolitan  provinces  of 
Bari,  Otranto,  and  Capitanata,  whicli  extend 
along  the  W.  shore  of  the  Adriatic.  The  great 
wealth  of  the  country  lies  in  its  pastures,  those 
belonging  to  the  crown  being  so  extensive  as  to 
feed  above  a  million  oi  sheop. 

Apure,  r.  S.  America,  rises  in  New  Granada,  in 
one  of  the  ridges  that  diverge  from  the  eastern 
chain  of  the  Andes,  and  after  I'uuning  in  an  east- 
erly course  for  500  miles,  and  receiving  numer- 
ous tributaries  fr<5m  Venezuela,  falls  by  several 
mouths  into  the  Orinoco.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
southern  part  of  Venezuela,  are  induced,  by  the 
easy  means  of  conveyance  afforded  by  this  river, 
to  send  their  cofl'ee,  cotton,  and  indigo,  to  Guiana, 
instead  of  carrying  them  on  the  backs  of  mules  to 
Caraccas  or  to  Porto  Cabello. 

Aquackanock,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  10  m.  above 
Newark,  on  Passaic  r.  Pop.  2,023.  The  Passaie 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  small  boats. 

Aqimfortc,  settlement,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  52°  33;  W.  Lat.  47°  5'  N. 

Aqiiamboe,  kingdom,  in  tlie  interior  of  the  Gold 
coast  of  Africa,  separated  from  Aquapim,  by  the 
Rio  Vclta. 

Aquapim,  kingdom,  in  the  interior  of  the  Gold 
coast  of  Africa,  immediately  behind  Acra,  and  W. 
of  the  Fantee  countrj'^. 

Aquaquati,  r.  Portobello,  in  New  Granada,  en- 
ters the  sea  at  the  bay  of  Mandinga. 

Aquelaon,  one  of  the  most  easterly  of  the  LaC" 
cadive  islands.     Lon.  73°  26'  E.     Lat.  10°  44'  N. 

Aqueti,  r.  Quito,  flows  into  the  Ucayale. 

Aqiii,  or  Aquila,  t.  Japan,  in  the  S.  part  of  Ni- 
phon. 

Aquia,  p-t.  Stafford  co.  Va.  42  m.  S.  W.  Wash- 
ington, 80  N.  E.  Richmond,  on  Ac^uia  creek,  which 
empties  into  the  Potomac.  Here  are  extensive 
quarries  of  free-stone,  of  which  the  Capitol  and 
President's  house  at  \^'a3hington  ore  built. 

Aqmavilro,  r.  Mexico,  in  Vera  Cruz,  runs  into 
tlie  gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  Alvarado.  Lat.. 
18°  30'  N. 

Aquigiiy,  t.  France,  near  the  conflux  of  the 
Eure  andlton,  dep.  of  the  Eure,  3  ni.  fr.  Lou- 
viers.     Pop.  1,500. 

Aquila,  ibl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Minorca. 

Aquila,  city,  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra.  It  was 
once  an  important  barrier  fortress  ;  but  the  works 
are  all  demolished,  cxcejit  a  small  fort.  The 
French  troops  forced  its  gates  on  the  16th  Decem- 
ber, 1798.  Pop.  13,615.  50  m.  N.  E.  Rome,  93 
N.  Naples. 

Aquileia,  t.  in  the  Austrian  dominions,  formerly 
one  of  the  largest  and  strongest  cities  in  the  Ro- 
man empire  ;  but  now  a  common  country  town, 
containing  only  a  few  scattered  buildings.  It  is 
now  included  in  the  Lombardo-Venetian  king- 
dom. 20  m.  S.  Friuli.  Lon.  13°  25'  E.  Lat.  45° 
51'  N. 

Aqtiin,  t  St.  Domiingo,  46  m.  W.  Jaquemel. 

Aquire,  r.  Guiana,  enters  the  Orinoco  at  its? 
widest  mouth. 

Ara,  r.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  rises  in  the  Pyren- 
ees, and  falls  into  the  Segre.  Another  in  Arragon, 
runs  into  the  Cinca  at  Ainsa. 

Araba,  r.  Pei-sia,  flows  into  the  Arabian  sea. 
Lon.  Qo°  40'  E.  Lat.  25°  30'  N. 

Araban,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Orfa,  on  the  Khabur, 
76  m.  S.  E.  Orfa.     Lon.  40°  E.  Lat.  36°  20'  N. 

Arabat,  t.  Russia,  on  the  N.  E.  of  the  Crimeji. 
60m,S.E.Perckop. 


52 


A  R  A 


A  R  A 


Arahazari,  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramauia,  lb  ni.  JS'. 
E.  Alamek. 

Arab-HLisar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  38  m. 
N.  W.  Mogla. 

Arabia,)  an  extensive  country  in  the  S.  W.  of 
Asia,  bounded  S.  by  the  Indian  ocean,  W.  by  the 
Red  sea,  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Persia,  and  N.  by  Syr- 
ia and  the  river  Euphrates :  Length  from  the  N. 
E.  extremity  on  this  river  to  Cape  Babelmandel, 
1500  miles :  Breadth  on  the  southern  coast,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Red  sea  to  the  Persian  gulfj  1200 
miles  ;  between  Bassorah  and  Suez,  900.  The 
whole  interior  is  an  immense  desert  of  burning 
sands,  interspersed  with  some  few  fertile  spots, 
•which  appear  like  islands  in  a  desolate  ocean.  A 
hot  and  pestiferous  wind  called  the  Simoom,  fre- 
quently blows  over  the  desert,  and  instantly  suffo- 
cates the  unwary  traveller  ;  and  whole  caravans 
are  sometimes  buried  by  moving  clouds  of  sand 
raised  by  the  wind.  The  edges  of  the  country  on 
the  sea  coast  contain  some  flourishing  provinces 
and  settlements  ;  but  in  all  parts  they  suffer  for 
want  of  water,  there  being  no  river  of  any  conse- 
quence in  all  Arabia,  and  no  rain  for  months,  and 
sometimes  a  year,  together.  Arabia  is  commonly 
divided  into  three  parts  ;  Arabia  Felix,  or  Happy 
Arabia,  bordering  on  the  Persian  gulf,  the  Indian 
ocean  and  the  southern  part  of  the  Red  sea  ;  Ara- 
bia Petroea,  or  Stony  Arabia,  lying  on  the  Red 
sea  north  of  Arabia  Felix  ;  and  Arabia  Dtserta,  or 
tlie  Desert,  including  all  the  interior  and  northern 
parts  of  the  country.  Among  the  Arabians  these 
names  are  not  known  :  that  which  we  call  Arabia 
Deserta,  they  call  Nedsjed ;  Arabia  Petroea  is  de- 
nominated Hedjas  ;  and  Arabia  Felix  is  divided 
into  the  kingdoms  of  Yemen,  Iladramaut,  Om- 
mon  and  Lasha,  All  the  tovms  are  near  the  coast. 
The  principal  are  Mecca,  the  birth-place  of  Ma- 
homet, Medina,  which  contains  the  tomb  of  Ma- 
homet, Jidda,  Mocha,  Sana,  and  Mascat,  The 
Arabic  language  is  one  of  the  most  extensively 
diflused  in  the  world.  It  is  spoken  not  only  in 
Arabia,  but  in  Syria,  Persia,  Tartary,  part  of  In- 
dia, and  of  China,  half  of  Africa,  all  the  sea  coast 
of  the  Mediterranean,  and  Turkey.  The  religion 
is  Mahoraetanism.  The  Arabs  of  the  desert  are 
called  Bedouins.  They  are  a  roving,  lawless 
race  of  robbers,  who  traverse  the  country  in  troops 
on  horseback,  and  plunder  travellers  and  cara- 
vans ;  yet  they  have  some  noble  qualities.  They 
are  hospitable  and  generous,  and  if  a  Bedouin 
Arab  consents  to  eat  bread  and  salt  with  a  guest, 
he  would  not  for  the  world  betray  him.  Arabia 
is  governed  by  numerous  petty  chiefs  called 
imams,  emirs,  or  sheiks,  most  of  whom  are  elected 
by  the  people,  and  must  consult  them  in  all  impor- 
tant transactions.  The  Arabs  are  a  people  of 
\  great  spirit  and  valor,  and  resolute  in  defence  of 
their  liberty.  They  alone  of  all  Asiatic  nations 
have  never  been  subdued.  The  most  remarkable 
animal  is  the  camel,  whicii  is  wonderfully  fitted  by 
Providence  for  traversing  the  hot  and  pa,rched 
desert.  He  can  travel  6  or  8  days  without  water, 
and  usually  carries  800  pounds  upon  his  back, 
which  is  not  taken  off  during  liis  journey.  When 
weary  he  kneels  down  to  rest,  and  sleeps  with  his 
joad  upon  his  back.  His  feet  are  made  of  a  hard 
fleshy  substance,  well  fitted  to  resist  the  heat  of 
the  sands. — The  Arabian  horses  are  the  best  in  the 
world.  They  are  swift  yet  docile,  and  Avill  live 
•whole  days  without  food,  and  bear  incredible  fa- 
tigue. The  inland  trade  of  Arabia  as  well  as  of 
Vrnb,  Turkey,  Taiiary.  and  Africa,  is  carriedon 


principally  by  caravans,  consisting  of  large  com^ 
paiiies  of  merchants,  travellers  and  pilgrims,  who 
march  with  their  camels  over  the  sandy  deserts. 
They  carry  their  provisions  and  drink  with  them. 
Their  water  is  carried  in  skins  by  the  camels. 
They  go  armed,  and  travel  in  company  to  defend 
themselves  from  the  wandering  Arabs. 

Arabian  Sea,  the  ancient  Erijthrtean  Sea,  he^ 
tween  the  Persian  gulf  and  the  Indian  ocean ; 
bounded  N.  by  Persia,  E.  by  Hindoostan,  S.  by  the 
Indian  ocean,  and  W.  by  Arabia. 

Arabian  Islands,  2  small  islands  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, near  the  coast  of  Egypt,  7  m.  S.  W.  Alex- 
andria,    Lon.  30°  6'  E.  Lat.  31°  7'  N. 

Arabkir,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Euphrates,  100  m.  E.  Sivas,  80  S.  W.  Erze- 
rum. 

Arabog,  s-p.  Arabia,  on  the  Red  sea,  Lat.  22° 
31'  N. 

Aracari,  t.  S.  America,  on  the  Rio  Negro.  Lat.- 
26°  20'  S. 

Aracati-Assu,  r.  Brazil,  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.  41°  16'  W.  Lat.  3°  5'  S. 

Aracati-Merim,  r.  Brazil,  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.  41°  16' W.  Lat.  3°  r  S. 

Aracaij,  or  A racas,  r.  enters  the  Orinoco  opposite 
Ciudad  Real. 

Aracena,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  in  the  Sierra 
Morena,  30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Seville. 

Arachova,  t.  Eu,  Turkey,  in  Livudia,  6  m.  N. 
Salona. 

Aracka.     See  Herakli. 

Araco,  r.  Chili,  runs  into  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lat; 
27°  9'  S. 

Arad-Varmegye,  county,  Hungary,  48  m.  long, 
and  from  9  to  14  broad.  It  has  6  market  towns, 
41  villages,  6  Catholic,  and  42  Greek  parishes. 
Pop.  in  1787,  with  the  coimty  of  Sarand,  152,930. 

Arad,  Old,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Marosch,  cap.  of 
Arad  county.  Near  it  is  the  castle  of  Arad,  now 
in  ruins.  Here  is  held  the  chief  cattle  market  in 
the  kingdom,  which  is  frequented  by  drovers  from 
\'ienna,  and  other  parts  of  Germany.  24  m.  N. 
Temeswar,  and  195  S.  E.  Presburg, 

Arad,  Jfew,  is  also  on  the  Marosch,  about  2i 
m,  from  the  old  town,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,     Lon.  21°  3'  E.  Lat.  46°  1 1'  N. 

Arad,  or  Ennebbi  SalcEchh,  one  of  the  Bahhrein 
islands,  in  the  gulf  of  Persia, 

Aradi,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Katsamoni. 

Arafat  Mount,  Arabia,  15  m.  S,  E,  Mecca, 
held  in  veneration  by  the  Mahometans,  and  one 
principal  object  of  their  pilgrimages  to  that  city. 

Arafaxa,  t.  Sweden,  in  West  Bothnia,  on  the 
Tornea,  32  m.  N.  Tornea. 

Aragua,  t.  South  America,  in  Cumana.  Also  a 
river  of  Paraguay. 

Araguaia,  r.  Brazil,  in  Para,  enters  the  Toccan- 
tins. 

Araguaya,  r.  Brazil,  separates  the  province  of 
Matto  Grosso  from  that  of  Goiaz,  and  runs  into 
the  Toocantins  in  lat.  6°  S, 

Araguita^  Santo  Domingo  de,  t,  S.  America,  in 
Cumana,  3  leagues  S.  E,  New  Barcelona, 

Aragwi,  the  Arragon  of  the  ancients,  r,  Geor- 
gia, falls  into  the  Kur  near  Teflis, 

Arahal,  v.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  27  m.  E.  N,  E, . 
Seville. 

Araiche,  d,  or  Larache,  s-p.  Morocco,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  El  Kos.  It  was  formerly  a 
town  of  considerable  trade,  but  in  1780  the  empe- 
ror Seedy  Mahomed  issued  orders  for  all  Europe^ 


A  R  A 

ans  to  quit  the  town,  and  it  has  ever  since  remain- 
ed shut  against  them.  The  empei-or's  larger  vessels 
generally  winter  here.  Pop.  3,000.  Lat.35°  ll'N. 
Araketry,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  8  m.  fr.  Seringa- 
patam. 

Aral,  lal<e,  in  independent  Tartary,  about  150 
j    m.  long  and  60  broad.     The  water  is  salt,  and  it 
!    receives  many  rivers,  one  of  which  is  the  Oxus, 
after  a  coarse  of  950  miles.     It  has  no  communi- 
cation with  the  sea,  yet  does  not  overflow  its 
!    banlis. 

j       Aram,  t.  Arabia,  38  m.  N.  E.  Chamir. 
I       Aramaghaneh,  t.  Persia,  with  a  fort,  in  Azerbi- 
I  Jan. 
j       Aramascheva,  t.  Siberia,  90  m.  S.  Tobolsk. 

Aramits,  t.  S.  iVance,  in  the  Lower  Pyrenees. 
Pop.  1,050.     9  leagues  S.  W-  Pau. 

Aramo,  t.  and  fort,  Chili,  near  the  Pacific,  30 
m.  S.  La  Conception. 

Aramont,  t.  France,  on  the  Rhone.  Pop.  2,200. 
I   in  the  Card,  5^  leagues  E.  by  N.  of  Nismes. 
I       Arampali,  t.  Hind,  in  Madura,  formerly  cele- 
brated lor   its    manufactures,    employing    2000 
looms. 

Aran,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  100  m.  N.  Ispahan, 
i       Aranas,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Agra,  2  m.  below 
Pampeluna. 

Arance,  v.  France,  in  the  Ain,  7  leagues  S,  E. 
Bourg. 
[       Aranda  de  Duero,  t.  on  the  Duero,  Spain,  in 
Burgos,  35  m.  S.  Burgos,  and  90  N.  Madrid.    Pop. 
3,50a.  '  «    '  ^ 

I       Aranda  de  Ebro,  t.  and  castle,   Spain,  in  Arra- 
gon,  on  the  Xalon,  19  m.  N.  W.  Calatayud. 

Arandon,  v.  France,  in  the  Isere,  14  leagues  N. 
i   by  E.  Grenoble. 

j       Arandore,  t.  Ceylon,  22  m.  S.  S,  W.  Candy. 
i       Arang,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  116° 
I  30'E.Lat.  10.33'S. 
j       Aranha,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  12  m.  N. 

JC.  Leyria. 
j  Aranjues,  i.  and  royal  palace,  Spain,  on  the 
!  Tagus,  30  m.  S.  Madrid.  During  part  of  the 
j'ear  it  is  the  residence  of  the  court.  The  town  is 
I  built  in  conformity  to  a  model  laid  down  by  gov- 
j  frnment,  who  make  over  lots  of  ground  to  those 
I  "vv^ho  undertake  to  build  according  to  the  prescri- 
I  bed  plan.  Broad  and  parallel  streets,  with  fine 
'  pavements,  intersect  each  other  at  right  angles. 
I  The  houses  are  two  stories  high,  painted  white, 
[  \vith  green  doors  and  window-shutters,  and  double 
!  rows  of  trees  planted  before  them.  The  high 
j  road  from  Aranjuez  to  Madrid  is  constructad  on 
!  the  model  of  the  ancient  Roman  roads,  and  each 
I  iiile  is  said  to  have  cost  33,250 1,  sterling.  Pop.  of 
!  trie  town  during  the  residence  of  the  court,  about 
10,000. 

Arannos,  t.  in  Spanish  Navarre,  9  m.  from  St. 
i^stevan. 
Aranta,  port  in  Peru,  60  m.  S.  W.  Arequipa. 
Aranyos,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivers  in  Tran- 
■  aylvania,  unite  at  St.  Kirati,  and  flow  into  the 
j  Marosch,  above  St.  Emmerick. 
1       Araparipucu,  t.  Brazil,  on  an  arm  of  the  Am- 
I  azon,  170  m.  W.  S.  W.  Para. 

Arapecuma,  r.  Guiana,  runs  S.  into  the  Ama- 
!  zon  near  the  strait  of  Paxis. 

Arapijo,  t.  Brazil,  in  Para,  on  the  Amazon,  18 
iiu  W.  S.  W.  Curupu. 

Arapucu,  r.  Brazil,  in  Para,  enters  the  Amazon 
at  its  mouth. 

Araques,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  12  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Jaca. 


A  R  A 


53 


Araquil,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  13  m.  W.  Pam- 
peluna. 

Ararat,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Armenia,  60  m.  S. 
E.  Erivan.  It  is  venerated  by  the  Armenians, 
from  a  belief  that  Noah's  ark  rested  on  it.  Height 
9,500  feet. 

Ararat,  or  Pilot  Mt.  N.  6.  on  the  N.  side  of 
Yadkin  r.  near  Salem.  It  rises  like  a  pyramid, 
several  thousand  feet  high,  with  an  area  of  an 
acre  at  the  top,from  which  it  shoots  up  like  a  steeple 
300  feet  high,  and  100  in  diameter  at  the  base,  and 
terminates  in  a  flat  surface.  It  is  seen  at  70  mileS 
distance  ;  and  served  the  Indians  tor  a  beacon  or 
pilot  in  their  routes. 

Arari,  r.  Brazil,  in  Para,  runs  S.  into  the  At- 
lantic, opposite  the  island  of  Tamarca. 

Arariba,  r.  Brazil,  enters  the  sea  near  Pernam- 
buco. 

Aras,  or  Eris,  t.  Persia,  in  Schirvan,  50  m.  N. 
Schamaghie,  130  m.  S.  S.  E.  Teflis. 

Aras,  r.  Asia,  rises  in  Armenia,  20  m.  S.  of  Er- 
zerum,  and  joins  the  Kur,  in  about  48°  30'  E.  lon. 
40°  5'  N.  lat.  50  m.  from  the  Caspian  sea. 

Arasa,  mountain,  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  S.  E. 
Mecca. 

Araseng,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  30  m.  S.   Casbin. 

Arassie,  t.  Italy,  in  the  territory  of  Genoa,  now- 
belonging  to  Piedmont.  Here  travellers  hire  ves- 
sels for  diflerent  ports  of  Italy.  5  m.  S.  W.  Alben- 
ga.    Lat.  44°  4'  N. 

Arathapescow.     See  Atkapescow. 

Araticu,  r.  Para,  in  Brazil,  flows  into  the  Ama- 
zon at  its  mouth. 

Aratura,  r.  S.  America,  rises  in  the  mountains' 
of  Itamaca,  and  enters  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco, 
on  the  S.  bank.     It  is  navigable  about  10  leagues. 

Aran,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Aargau, 
on  the  Aarau.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  cot- 
ton, and  silk.  It  has  been  commonly  chosen  for 
the  general  assembly  of  the  protestant  cantons, 
and  was  at  diflerent  times  the  seat  of  the  Helvetic 
government.    30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Berne.    Pop.  2,000. 

Aravacourchy.     See  Arrivacourchy. 

Arauca,  r.  in  Caraccas,  S.  America,  falls  into 
the  Apure  r.  near  its  junction  with  the  Orinoco. 

Aravcanians,  a  barbarous  nation  of  Indians  in 
Chili,  Avho  inhabit  the  country  between  the  riv- 
ers Biobio  and  Valdivia,  and  between  the  Andes 
and  sea,  extending  from  36°  44' to  39°  50'  of  S.  lat. 
They  are  enthusiastically  attached  to  their  inde- 
pendence, and  are  the  implacable  enemies  of  the 
Spaniards,  who  have  never  been  able  to  subject 
them.  For  two  centuries  a  succession  of  wars  hae 
been  carried  on  between  them  and  the  Spaniards, 
interrupted  only  by  occasional  treaties. 

Aravifa,  t.  Spain,  40  m.  E.  Cordova. 

Araure,  city,  S.  America,  in  Venezuela,  on  the 
Acarigua,  N.  N.  E.  Truxillo. 

Arawari,  r.  S.  America,  in  Guiana,  falls  into  the 
Atlantic.  By  the  peace  of  1801,  it  was  made  the 
boundary  between  French  and  Portuguese  Gui- 
ana. 

Arawill,  t.  Hind,  in  Candeiiih,  6  m.  S.  E.  Chu- 
prah. 

Araxa,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Orio  at  Tolosa. 

Araxi,  r.  Brazil,  in  Paraiba,  flows  into  theMon- 
gagnaba. 

Aray,  or  Aoreidh,  r.  Scotland,  Argyle  co.  falls 
into  the  sea  at  the  head  of  Loch  Fyne. 

Araya,  Santiaga  de,  point,  on  the  coast  of  Cu- 
mana,  S.  America,  where  there  are  salt  works. 

Lon  64°  20'  W. 

.^ram,  r.  Pern,  ri?e'->  in  the  Andes  of  Cuchoa,  in 


54 


ARC 


Pomabamba,  and  fulls  by  various  mouUis  into  the 
Amazon. 

Arbaejv^  t.  Arabia,  12  m.  N.  Zebid. 
Arbe,  or  Arba^  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Quai-noro,  in 
the  Adriatic,  about  30  m.  in  circuit.      Pop.  4,()00. 
Arba,  the  chief  town,  contains  1,400  inhabitants. 

Arbeca,  i.  and  castle,  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10  m. 
E.  Lerida. 

Arbegen,  t.  Transylvania,  7  m.  N.  Stoltzenberg. 

Arbestaal,  t.  Austria,  3  m.  N.  Brug-g. 

Arbica,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  30  m.  W.  N.  W, 
Pampeluna. 

Arbil.     See  Erbil. 

Arbirlot,  v.  Scotland,  in  Forfar  co.  on  the  sea- 
coast.  Its  mineral  well  is  resorted  to  successfully 
in  rheumatic  and  scorbutic  cases.     Pop.  1,014. 

Arbis.,  V.  France,  in  the  Gironde,  7  leagues  S. 
E.  Bordeaux, 

Arboga,  t.  Sweden,  in  Westmannland.  Pop. 
1,200.  It  stands  on  a  navigable  river,  and  a  ca- 
nal connects  it  with  Stockholm,  and  with  Orebro. 
The  chief  objects  of  trade  are  saddlery  and  iron. 
65  m.  W.  Stockholm. 

Arbois,  t.  France  ;  the  birth-place  of  Piche- 
gru.  7  leagues  N.  E.  Lons-le-Saulnier.  Lon.  3° 
51' E.  Lat.  46°  54' N.     Pop.  6,420. 

Arboktes,  Cienega  de  los,  port,  S.  America,  in 
Carthagena. 

Arbon,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Thuipiu,  on  the  lake 
Constance,  the  capital  of  a  district.  7  ni.  N.  St. 
Gall. 

Arbone,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas.  100  m.  N.  W. 
Mecca. 

Arboreda  del  N'orte,  2  isls.  on  the  coast  of  Bra- 
zil ;  one  is  in  the  province  of  Rey,  N.  Santa  Cata- 
lina. 

Arbos,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  4  leagues  from 
Tarragona. 

Arboucave,  t.  France,  in  the  Landes,  12  m.  S. 
E.  St.  Sever,  13  E.  N.  E.  Orthez. 

Arbra,  t.  Sweden,  in  Helsingland,  24  m.  N.  W. 
Soderhamm. 

Arbresk,  or  La  Bresle,  t.  France,  at  the  junction 
ofthe  Jardine  and  Brevenne,  8  m.  from  Lyons. 
Pop.  870. 

Arbroath.     See  Aberbrol/iock. 

Area,  t  A.  Turkey,  in  Marasch,  20  m.  W.  Ma- 
latia. 

Arcabey,  t.  W.  coast  St.  Domingo,  16  m.  N.  Cul 
de  Sac. 

Arcadia,  in  Greece,  a  mountainous  province  in 
theMorea,  celebrated  in  ancient  song  as  the  seat 
of  pastoral  innocence  and  happiness.  The  present 
town  of  Arcadia  is  in  the  Morca,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Misitra.     Lon.  21°  34'  E.  Lat.  37°  22'  N. 

Arcanaio,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  W.  Milan. 

Arcano,  t.  Italy,  in  Friuli,  11m.  W.  Udina. 

Areas,  isl.  one  of  the  archipelago  ofthe  Bissagos, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  llio  Grande,  on  the  VV. 
coast  of  Africa.     Lon.  14°  4'  W.  Lat.  11°  8'  N. 

Areas,  islands  or  rocks  near  the  coast  of  Yuca- 
tan, in  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  92°  24'  W.  Lat. 
20°  12' N. 

Arcasson,  bay  on  theS.  W.  coast  of  France,  in 
the  Gironde. 

Arceles,  t.  France,  in  the  Eastern  Pyrenees,  12 
m.  S.  E.  Perpignan. 

Arc-en-Barrois,  t.  France,  on  the  Saugean,  in 
Marne.  Pop.  1,770.  4i  leagues  S.  W.  Chau- 
mont. 

Arces,  t.  France^  in  the  Lower  Charentc.  6 
leagues  S.  W.  Saintes. 


ARC 

Arch,  v.  in  the  Swiss  canton  of  Berne.  Lon- 
10°  47'  E.  Lat.  45°  53'  N. 

Archaivra,  or  Fivagoe,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Hindos- 
Stan,  30  m.  S.  Severndroog. 

Archangel,  or  Arc/iangelskoe,  government  in  the 
northern  part  of  Russia,  it  lies  under  an  inclem- 
ent sky,  where  the  summer  is  short,  and  the  win- 
ter of  uncommon  severity.  In  the  northern  parts, 
the  ground  is  entirely  destitute  of  vegetation,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  hardy  shrubs.  The  princi- 
pal wealth  of  the  country  Lies  in  its  fisheries,  which 
extend  along  the  Avhole  coast.  Pop.  113,000.  Ex- 
tent, 336,400  square  miles. 

Archangel,  cap.  ofthe  above,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Dwina,  a  few  miles  from  the  White  sea.  It  is 
much  Irequented  by  the  tradere  of  all  nations,  par- 
ticularly by  the  English,  the  Dutch,  and  the  inhab- 
itants of  Bremen  and  Hamburg.  Its  trade  received 
a  shock  on  the  erection  of  St.  Petersburg  into  a 
commercial  town  by  Peter  I.  In  17Ci',  it  was  en- 
dowed with  all  the  rights  and  privileges  possessed 
by  St.  Petersburg ;  yet  it  has  never  regained  its 
prosperity.  Archangel  contains  the  chief  deposit 
of  foreign  articles  destined  for  Siberia.  Pop.  in  its 
flourishing  state,  30,000  ;  at  present,  from  5  to 
7000.     400  m.  IN.  E.  St.  Petersburg. 

Archangelsk,  a  copper  work  of  Russia,  in  Oxen- 
burg,  on  the  Aksina.  It  employs  nearly  500  work- 
men, and  yields  about  240,000  lbs.  a  year.  Lon. 
30°  44'  E.  Lat.  48°  30'  N. 

Archangtlskoy,  2  towns  in  Russia  ;  one  124  m. 
N.  iN.  E.  Kostroma  ;  tlie  other  90  m.  N.  E.  Vol- 
ogda. 

I  Arche,  t.  France,  in  the  Lower  Aljjs,  on  the 
borders  of  Piedmont.  Pop.  800.  6  rn.  S.  \^^ 
Erive. 

Archer,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  Cadiz, 
Pop.  611. 

Arches,  v.  France,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Maese, 
a  mile  from  Charleville  in  the  Rheteiois. 

Arches,  v.  F  ranee,  on  the  Mosalle,  dep.  of  the 
Vosges,  12  leagues  S.  E.  Nancy. 

Archi,  t.  Naples,  iu  Abruzzo  Citra.  8  m,  S. 
Lanciano. 

Archiac,  t.  France,  in  the  Lower  Charente,  8 
leagues  S.  E.  Saintes.     Pop.  1,340. 

Archidona,  t.  Sjjain,  on  the  W.  frontier  of  Gra- 
nada.    Pop.  5,000.     9  m.  E.  Antequera. 

Archidona,  city,  Quito.  In  1744  it  was  almost 
ruined  by  an  explosion  of  the  volcano  of  Cotopaxi. 
80  m.  S.  E.  Quito. 

Archingey,  t.  France,  in  the  Lower  Charente. 
3  leagues  S.  W.  St.  Jean  d'Angely. 

Archinto,  t.  Upper  Italy,  in  the  territory  of 
Como,  with  the  title,  of  a  county. 

Archipelago. This  term  is    applied  to   any 

tract  of  sea,  abounding  in  small  islands,  and  more 
particularly  to  the  iEgeau  sea,  or  that  part  of  the 
Mediterranean  between  the  coasts  of  Asia  Minor 
and  Greece. 

Archipelago  af  the  Great  Cyclades.  See  J^ew 
Hebrides. 

Archipelago  of  the  Recherche,  several  groups  of" 
islands,  rocks,  and  shoals,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  between  34°  and  34°  30'  S.  Lat.  and  121° 
30'  to  123°  20'  E.  Lon. 

Arehiwinnily  Sea,  commiiuicates  with  Hudson's 
bay,  through  Hazard  gulf. 

Arcidosso,  t.  grand  duchy  of  Tuscany,  in  theloAV- 
er  province  of  Sienna. 

Arcisa,  or  Arcisata,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Mi- 
lan, near  the  source  of  tlie  Olona,  10  m.  W.  Como. 


A  R  D 

Arcis-sw-^'iube,  t.  France,  on  the  Aobe,  in  the 
department  of  the  Aube.  It  has  manufactures  of 
worsted  stockings  and  caps.  It  sufiei'ed  consider- 
ably in  the  campaign  of  1814.  61eagues  N.  Troyes. 
Pop.  2,320. 

,4rco,  ovArch,  t.  on  the  Sarca,  on  the  confines 
of  Tyrol,  towards  Italy.  It  gives  name  to  a  coun- 
try or  district  which  comprehends  IB  villages  and 
hamlets,  and  now  forms  part  ol  tlie  Lombardo-Ve- 
neti'an  kingdom.  The  town  is  12  m.  W.  I'rent. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Arcoy  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Valdi  Noto,  5  m.  N.  Noto. 

Arcoe,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon.  100° 
35'  E.  Lat.  2°  54'  N. 

Arcole,  v.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Verona. 

Areola,  or  Fering-Petter,  v.  Hind,  in  (^^anaros, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mangalore. 

Arcorut,  v.  on  the  island  of  Rugen,  in  the  Baltic, 
20  m.  N.  Bergen. 

Arconcei/,  v.  France,  in  the  Cote  d'Or,  10 
leagues  W.  Dijon. 

Areas,  or  Arcosde  la  Frontera,  t.  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, on  the  Gnadalette.  Pop.  12,000.  It  IS  the 
residence  of  a  vicar-general  of  the  metropolitan 
of  Seville.  40  m,  S.  Seville.  Lon.  5°  55' W.  Lat. 
36°  40'  N. 

Areas,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the  Xalon,  9 
ni.  above  Medina  Celi. 

Areas,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pes- 
quiera. 

Areas,  los,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  13m.  S.  Estella. 

Areas  de  P'aldexez,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Dour© 
e  Minho. 

Arcot,  district,  Hind,  formerly  an  independent 
state,  but  transferred  by  the  nabob  to  the  British 
in  1801. 

Arect,  city.  Hind.  cap.  of  the  Carnatic,  on  the 
Palar  ;  73  m.  W.  S.  Vv^  Madras,  217  E.  Seringa- 
pat«m.    Lon.  79°  29'  E.  Lat.  12°  52'  N. 

Arcs,  les,  t.  France,  in  the  Var,  near  the  left 
bank  of  the  Argens,  13  leagues  N.  E.  Toulon. 

Arc-snr-Tille,  v.  France,  in  the  Cote  d'Or,  3 
leagues  from  Dijon. 

Areueit,  v.  France,  2i  m.  from  Paris.  Here  is 
the  aqueduct  laid  in  1624,  by  Mary  of  Medicis,  to 
convey  water  from  Rongis  to  Paris ;  200  toises 
long,  consisting  of  20  arches. 

Arci/,  or  Airjj,  t.  France,  in  the  Yonne,  on  the 
Curefj  4  leagues  S.  S.  E.  Auxerre. 

Ard,  r.  Germany,  rises  near  Wehen,  in  tJie 
duchy  of  Nassau,  and  runs  into  the  Lalm  at  Dietz. 

Ardacker,  or  Ardagger,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  10  m.  S.  W.  Ips. 

Ardagh,  t.  Ireland,  5  m.  S.  E.  Longford. 

Ardal,  t.  Norway,  above  70  m.  N.  Christiana. 

Ar dales.     See  Hardales. 

Ardanondjie,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  40  m.  N. 
Kars,  90  N.  E.  Erzerum.  Lon.  43°  45'  E.  Lat. 
40°  '14'  N. 

Ardatov,  t.  A.  Russia,  on  the  Alatyr,  128  m.  W. 
Simbirsk. 

Ardatoio,  t,  Russia.  Pop,  780.  90  m.  W.  Sim- 
birsk. 

Ardaicw,  t.  Russia,  60  m.  S.  S.  W.  Nishnei  No- 
vogorod.     Lon.  43°  4'  E.  Lat.  50°  20'  N. 

Ardbracean,  v.  Ireland,  Meath  co.     Pop.  4,126. 

Ardehil,  Little,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  54  m.  N.  Chi- 
raz. 

Ardecan,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Gner- 
den,  140  E.  Ispahan. 

Ardeclie,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Rhone,  4  m. 
above  Pont  St.  Esprit. 


ARD 


55 


Ardcche,  department,  France,  bounded  E.  by 
the  Rhone  ;  S.  by  the  Gard;  W.  by  Lozere  and 
Upper  Loire  ;  N.  W.  by  Loire;  and  N.  E.  by 
Isere.  It  contains  2,376  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1816,  284,743. 

Ardee,  t.  Ireland,  Louth  co.  35  ra.  N.  VV.  Dub- 
lin. 

Arden,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Admiralty 
Island,  in  Stephen's  passage.  Lon.  226°  1'  E.  La) . 
58°  9'  N. 

Ardenelle,  or  Urdankidly,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbe- 
tdre,  47  m.  S.  E.  Sermgapatam. 

Ardcnne,  t.  France,  in  the  Deux-Sevres.  Here 
are  quarries,  of  black,  white,  and  red  marble. 

Ardennes,  a  forest  in  France,  in  the  department- 
of  Ardennes. 

Ardennes,  department  in  France,  bounded  N. 
by  Netherlands,  E.  by  Meuse,  W.  by  Aisne,  and 
S.  by  Marne,  containing  1,029,  lfi9  square  acres, 
and  346,000  inhabitants.  Its  riches  lie  in  its  for- 
ests, its  pastures,  and  its  cattle. 

Ardenna,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Valteline,  5  m.  N.  E. 
Morbegno. 

Ardensan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Aladulia,  38  m.  N, 
W.  Arzingan. 

Ardero,  L  Calabria  Ultra,  in  Naples,  7  m.  S. 
Gierace. 

Ardes,  t.  France,  in  the  Puy  de  Dome,  the  place 
of  traffic  between  Up^>er  and  Lower  Auvergne.  10 
leagues  S.  Cleremont-Ferraud.     Pop.  1,640. 

Ardesh,  t.  Armenia,  on  the  Aras,  15  m.  S.  Eri- 
van. 

Ardes-Lays,  t.  France,  in  the  Vendee,  4  leagues 
W.  S.  W.  Mauleon. 

Ardevil,  or  Ardehil,  t.  Persi^in  Azerbijan,  56 
m.  N.  E.  Tabriz.     Lon.  48°  5'  WLat.  38°  15'  N. 

Ardfert,  t.  Ireland,  Kerry  co.  The  town  is  gov- 
erned by  a  port-reeve,  and  12  burgesses.  4  m.  N. 
W.  Tralee,  50  from  Limerick,  144  from  Dublin. 

Ardjinnan,  v.  Ireland,  Tipperary  co.  on  the 
Suir.     6  m.  N.  W.  Clonmel. 

Ardglass,  s-p.  Ireland,  Down  co.  5  m.  S.  E. 
Downpatrick. 

Ardia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Cainpagna  di  Roma,  on  a 
river,  near  the  Mediterranean,  5  m.  S.  Albano. 

Ardiere,  r.  France,  in  Ain,  falls  into  the  Saone, 
near  Belleville. 

Ardlla,  r.  Sj^anish  Eslremadura,  discharges  it- 
self into  the  Guadiana,  near  Moura,  in  Portugal. 

Ardillals,  les,  t.  France,  in  the  Rhone.  Pop, 
1 ,000.     5  leagues  N.  W.  Ville-Franche. 

Ardingay,  or  Ardingy,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Cai-natic, 
44  m.  S.  W.  Tanjore. 

Ardingay,  t.  Hind,  in  Marawar,  20  m.  S.  E, 
Trumian. 

Ardis,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  a  branch  of  the  Tigris, 
30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Diarbekir. 

Ardistan,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  80  m.  N.  E.  Ispa- 
han. 

Ardivoran  Head,  theN.  end  of  North  Uist.  Lon. 
70°20' W.  Lat.57°41'N. 

Ardmore,  v.  Ireland,  Waterford  co.  on  the  bay 
of  Ardmore,  7  m.  SLW.  Dungarvon, 

Ardmare  Head,  a  cape  on  tho.  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Skye.     Lon.  6°  38'  W.  Lat.  51°  37'  N. 

Ardmoy,  v.  Ireland,  Antrim  co.  on  the  rivei- 
Bush,  8  m.  N.  E.  Ballymdney. 

Ardmurkemish  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  f:cotland, 
Lon.  5°  54'  W.  Lat.  56°  28' N. 

Ardnaglass  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  G 
m.  S.  W.'  Sligo.     Lon.  8°  30'  W.    Lat.  54°  16'  N- 

Ardoch,  v^  Scotland,  P^rthsliire,  Bm.  N.  D<iTn- 
blane. 


56 


ARE 


Ardore,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  6  m.  S. 
Gierace. 

Ardoyt^  t.  Netherlands,  near  Bruge?.  Pop. 
5,900. 

Ardra,  or  Ardrah,  territory,  W.  Africa,  on  the 
coast  of  Guinea,  immediately  E.  of  Whydah. 
The  king  was  formerly  very  powerful ;  but  early 
in  the  last  century  was  reduced  to  complete  sub- 
jection by  the  king  of  Dahomey.  Ardra,  the  cap- 
ital, is  a  large  city,  about  40  miles  inland,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates.  Lon.  1°  52'  E.  Lat. 
6°  36'  N. 

Ardre,  or  Ardres,  a  small  but  well  fortified  town, 
in  France,  6  m.  fr.  Calais.  It  is  a  barrier  fortress 
on  the  side  of  the  Netherlands. 

Ardre,  r.  France,  joins  the  Loire  near  its 
mouth.     It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels. 

Ardrossan,  s-p.  Scotland,  Ayrshire,  resorted  to 
for  sea  bathing.  It  has  a  safe  and  spacious  har- 
bor, constructed  at  great  expense.  Pop.  2,626. 
1  m.  N.  Saltcoats. 

Ardsche.     See  Argieh. 

Ardesillas,  v.  Ireland,  Clare  co,  13  m.  fr.  Lim- 
erick. 

Ardstinchar,  or  Stinchar,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into 
the  sea  at  Ballantrae. 

Ardstraw,  v.  and  parish,  Ireland,  Tyrone  co.  6 
m.  S.  Strabane,  94  fr.  Dublin.     Pop.  18,122. 

Ardcert,  t.  France,  on  the  coast  of  the  Lower 
Charente.     Pop.  2,600.     6^  leagues  W.  Saintes. 

Areb,  or  Arrab,  two  villages,  on  opposite  sides 
of  the  Nile,  in  Nubia,  10  m.  N.  Dcrri. 

Arebico,  t  Porto  Rico,  30  m,  fr.  St.  John. 

Arebo,  or  Arbon,  t.  Benin,  on  the  Formosa,  60 
m.  above  its  mou||| :  a  centre  for  the  trade  of  the 
country.     Lon.  |F8'  E.  Lat.  5°  58'  N. 

Arechf  or  Hareucfi,  fort,  ^yria,  12  m.  fr.  An- 
tioch. 

Arecive,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  120  m.  N.  W.  Buenos 
Ayres. 

Areck.     See  Larek. 

Areco,  v.  Buenos  Ayres,  on  a  river,  24  leagues 
fr.  Buenos  Aj'res. 

Arecnsa,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Jeddo. 

Ared,  El,  a  ridge  of  mountains  in  Arabia  De- 
serta. 

Aregh,  or  Arrack,  t.  Hind,  in  Visiapour,  10  m. 
E.  Merritch.    Lon.  75°  11'  E.  Lat.  16°  56'  N. 

Aregno,  v.  Corsica,  2i  leagues  E.  Calvi,  9J  W. 
by  N.  Bastia. 

Areito,  r.  S.  America,  in  Giunana,  enters  the 
Guai^piche. 

Arektt,  was  the  name  of  a  kingdom  which  com- 
prehended Dauphin^,  Provence,  Burgundy,  Sa- 
voy, and  the  west  of  Switzerland ;  and  was  some- 
times called  the  kingdom  of  Burgundy.  It  ex- 
isted in  the  9th  century,  and  has  long  been  united 
to  the  French  crown :  except  Savoy,  and  the 
portion  belonging  to  Switzerland. 

Aremberg,  a  small  principality  of  Germany,  on 
the  Eiffel,  lying  between  Cologne,  Juliers,  and 
Blankenheim,  and  now  included  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  which  belongs  to 
Prussia.     Pop.   3,000.     Revenue,  30,000  florins. 

Aremberg,  v.  in  the  foregoing  principality,  26 
m.  S.  Cologne.     Pop.  200. 

Aren,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  enters  the 
Guarapiche. 

Arena,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  16  m.  E. 
Nicotera. 

Arena,  r.  Sirily.  falls  into  the  Mediterraiican 
near  Mazzarj. 


ARE 

Arena,  v.  Abyssinia,  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay 
of  Howakil,  A  factory  of  Somanli  traders  car- 
ry on  here  considerable  commerce. 

Arenah  t.  S.  America,  66  m.  N.  Tucuman. 

Arenas  Bahia  de,  bay  on  the  coast  of  the  straits 
of  Magellan.  Also,  three  points  or  capes,  one  on 
the  coast  of  Maracaibo,  another  on  the  W.  coast 
of  S.  America,  in  the  bay  of  Guayaquil,  op])Osite 
the  island  La  Puna,  between  the  2d  and  3d  de- 
grees of  S.  lat.  ;  and  anotlier  on  the  coast  of  Ter- 
ra del  Fuego. 

Arenas  Gondas,  Cape  de  las,  on  the  E.  coast  €)f 
Patagonia.     Lat.  38°  S. 

Arendal,  or  Arndal,  t.  Norway,  on  a  river,  in 
Christiansand,  near  the  sea.  The  river  here  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  considerable  size.  Its 
trade  is  chiefly  in  wood.  Iron  mines  are  wrought 
in  tlic  neighbourhood. 

Arendonk,  t.  Netherlands,  The  inhabitant? 
support  themselves  in  part  by  training  hawks. 
Here  are  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
cloth,  and  stockings.  Pop.  2,850.  6  m.  E.  Twin- 
hout. 

Ardcnsee,  t.  and  bailiwick,  in  the  Old  Mark  of 
Brandenburg,  in  Prussia,  18  m.  N.  W.  Stendal.. 
Lon.  11°  35'  E.     Lat.  52°  47'  N . 

Arenoe,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast  o! 
Norway.     Lat.  70°  6'  N. 

Arcns,  t.  and  castle,  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  thr 
confines  of  Catalonia. 

Arens  de  Mar,  or  Santa  Maria  de  Ariens,  t. 
Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Catalonia,  12  leagues  fr. 
Gerona.  It  has  manufactures  of  anchors,  silk 
and  cotton  stockings,  and  other  stuffs.    Pop.  3,500. 

Arensberg,  t.  Germany,  on  tlie  Roer,  capital  of 
the  duchy  of  Westphalia,  and  of  the  county  of 
Arensberg  in  particular.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
2535  inhabitants.    40  m.  S.  S.  E.  Munster. 

Arensberg,  v.  Holstein,  16  m.  N.  E.  Hamburgh. 

Arensberg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Mecklenburg,  8  m.  S.  Strelitz. 

Arensburg,  t.  island  of  Osel,  in  the  Baltic,  be- 
longing to  Livonia.  Pop.  1,400,  Germans,  Rus- 
sians, and  Esthonians.  It  is  the  capital  of  the 
circle  of  the  same  name  in  the  government  of 
Riga,  which  comprehends  the  islands  of  Oesel 
and  Moen.  It  was  taken  by  the  Russians  in  1710, 
and  has  remained  in  their  possession  since  the 
peace  of  Nystadt.     96  m.  S.  W.  Revel. 

Arensdorf,  v.  in  the  Middle  Mark  of  Branden- 
burg, circle  of  Lebus,  belonging  to  the  university 
of  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.  Also,  a  village  in  the 
Mark  of  Prieguitz. 

Arenswalde,  t.  in  the  circle  of  the  same  namcj, 
in  the  New  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  Pop.  2,150. 
94  m.  N.  E.  Berlin. 

Arenusa,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  16  m.  W. 
St.  Severina, 

Arequipa,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  by  Col- 
laguas,  E.  by  Lampa,  S.  by  Moquehua  and  Arica, 
W.  by  the  Pacific. 

Arequipa,  cap.  of  the  above,  one  of  the  largest 
towns  in  Peru,  containing  about  40,000  inhabi- 
tants. The  houses  are  well  built  of  stone,  and 
vaulted.  It  has  been  four  times  laid  in  ruins  by 
earthquakes.  217  leagues  S.  E.  Lima,  50  N.  Ari- 
ca.    Lon.  71°  58'  W.  Lat.  16°  16'  S. 

Ares,  t.  in  the  county  of  T}to1,  11  m,  S.  W. 
Tyrol. 

Aresche,  v.  France,  in  the  Jura,  2h  m.  E.  Ar- 
bois. 

Areskuia,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jarntland,  50  m.  N.  W. 
Fro?on) 


A  R  G 

Aresso^  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  district  of  Pampe- 
luna. 

Arevalillo,  r.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  falls  into 
the  Adaja. 

Arevalo,  v.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  between  the 
Adaja  and  Arevalillo.  Pop.  2,600  18  m.  S.  E. 
Medina  del  Campo. 

Jirezzo,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Tuscany,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Chiana  into  the  Arno.  Pop. 
8,000.  25  m.  E.  N.  E.  Sienna,  34  S.  E .  Florence. 
Lon.  IP  50'  E.  Lat.  43°  28'  N. 

Arfara,  one  of  tiie  Shetland  islands,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Yell.    Lon.  1°  20'  W.  Lat.  60°  47'  N. 

Arfeuilk,  v.  France,  in  the  AUier,  12  leagues 
S.  E.  Moulins. 

Argana,  Argenah,  or  Hargana,  t.  A.  Turkey, 
cap.  of  a  district  in  Diarbekir.  It  is  on  the  side  of 
a  mountain,  with  streets  so  steep  that  a  stranger 
can  walk  with  difficulty ;  and  the  roads  ascending 
the  mountain  are  dangerous.  Lon.  39°  20'  E. 
Lat.  38°  15'  N. 

Argana^  t.  A.  Turkey,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Erze- 
rum, 

Argancyy  t.  France,  in  the  Moselle,  9  m.  S.  Thi- 
onville,  5  N.  Metz. 

Arganda,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile.  Pop.  600. 
4  leagues  fr.  Madrid. 

Arganil,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira.  Pop.  1,100.  16 
m.  E.  Coimbra. 

Argao,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Zebu,  one  of  the 
Philippine  islands.  Lon.  123°  39'  £.  Lat.  10° 
18' N. 

Argarossa,  r.  Savoy,  runs  into  the  Isere,  3  m.  N. 
W.  Moutiers. 

Argasch,  i.  Russia,  in  Simbrisk, 

Arge,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Tigris,  170  m.  N. 
W.  Bassora. 

Argeles,  v.  France,  in  the  eastern  Pyrenees,  5 
leagues  S.  E.  Perpignan.     Pop,  1,360. 

Argeles,  or  Argelcr,  v.  France,  in  the  Upper  Py- 
renees.    Pop.  850.     7  leagues  S.  W.  Tarbes. 

Argtn,  r.  Upper  Suabia,  falls  into  the  lake  of 
Constance,  S.  Bregentz. 

Argence,  v.  France,  in  Calvados,  6i  leagues  E. 
S.  E.  Caen. 

Argens,  t.  France,  on  the  canal  of  Languedoc, 
dep.  of  the  Aude,  4  leagues  W,  N.  VV.  Narbonne. 

Argens,  v.  France,  in  the  Lower  Alps,  20 
leagues  N.  E.  Aix. 

Argens,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Mediterranean 
near  Frejus. 

Argent,  v.  France,  in  Cher,  on  the  Saudre,  17 
leagues  N.  Bourges.     Pop.  1,050. 

Argentac,  or  Argentat,  t.  France,  on  the  Dor- 
dogne,  in  Correze,  12  m.  S.  E.  Tulle. 

Argenlan,  t.  Lower  Normandy,  on  the  Oru.  It 
is  the  birth  place  of  Mezeray.  Pop.  in  1815, 
5,583.     4  leagues  S.  Falaise,  about   44  W.  Paris. 

Argentaro,  the  ancient  Scardus,  a  ridge  of 
mountains  in  European  Turkey,  which  separates 
Bulgaria  from  Macedonia. 

Argenteau,  t.  Netherlands,  in  the  duchy  of  Lim- 
burg,  6  m.  W.  Dalem. 

Argentera,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Argenteuii,  t.  Franco,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Seine,  two  leagues  fr.  Paris.  The  neighbouring 
quarries  yield  good  gypsum,  which  is  mostly  trans- 
ported to  Normandy.     Pop.  4,760. 

Argenteuii,  t.  France,  in  the  Yonne,  on  the  Ar- 
mancon.     Pop.  1,000.     8  m,  S.  Tonnerre. 

Argentaiil,  seignior}^,  York  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  N,  side  of  the  Ottaway,  35  m,  W.  Montreal. 


A  R  G 


51 


Argenthal,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  40  m.  E.  Treves. 

Argentiera,  or  Kimoii,  the  ancient  Cimolus,  isl. 
in  the  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  government 
of  the  capudan-pacha.  The  island  is  covered  with 
a  chalk  called  Cimolian  earth,  used  in  the  wash* 
ing  and  bleaching  of  linen.  Lon.  24°  42'  E.  Lat. 
36°  47'  N. 

Argentiera,  t.  Italy,  in  Cadorin,  11  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Cadoi-a. 

Argentiere,  t.  France,  in  Ardeclie,  on  the 
Ligne.     Pop.  2,000      7  leagues  W.  Viviers. 

Argentiere,  or  Argentine,  t.  on  the  Arc,  Mauri- 
enne  co.  in  Savoy.  Pop.  900.  It  has  lead  mines, 
and  an  iron  forge.  4  leagues  N.  by  W.  St.  Jean 
de  Maurienne. 

Argentiere,  Col  d%  a  mountain  of  the  Alps,  in 
the  county  of  Saluzzo,  in  Piedmont,  across  which 
there  is  a  pass  from  Barcellonette,  in  France,  to 
Coni  in  Italy.  The  village  of  Argentiere  lies  ia 
the  valley  of  the  Stura. 

Argentieres,  v.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  9J 
leagues  N.  E.  Gap. 

Argentina,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Appenines,  10  m.  S.  W.  Visignano. 

Argenton,  t.  France,  on  the  Creuse,  in  Indre. 
Pop.  3,400.     15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Chateauroux. 

Argenton-le-Chateau,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sev- 
res,  4  leagues  W.  Thouars.     Pop.  880. 

Argenton  V  Eglise,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  2 
leagues  N.  Thouars.     Pop.  780. 

Argentre-soiis  Laval,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  on 
the  Jouan,  2  leagues  E.  Laval.     Pop.  1,650. 

Argentre-sous  Fitrc,t.  France,  in  the  Ule  and  Vi- 
laine,  9  leagues  E.  Rennes.     Pop.  2,300. 

Argia.     See  Argos. 

Argieh,  or  Ardsche,  v.  Bagdad,  on  tlie  left  bank 
of  the  Euphrates,  25  m.  N.  Sura. 

Argilly,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  '6  leagues  S. 
Dijon. 

Argisch,  t.  Wallachia,  near  the  frontiers  of 
Transylvania,  50  m.  S.  E.  Hermannstadt. 

Argisch,  r.  rises  in  the  mountains  between  Wal- 
lachia and  Transylvania,  10  m.  S.  E.  Hermann- 
stadt, and  after  passing  by  Kordedeardi,  Piteszti, 
and  Butroi,  joins  the  Danube  near  Mireni. 

Argisch,  the  ancient  Arzes,  t.  Armenia,  in  Van, 
on  the  N.  W.  side  of  lake  Van  or  Arsis,  opposite 
Van.     Lon.  43°  E.  Lat.  38°  40'  N. 

Argite,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Egina,  16  m.  E.  Egina. 

Argjmi,  Argi7ia,  Arga  Tau,  or  Arkaula,  moun- 
tains of  Tartary,  N.  E.  Cashgar,  which  terminate 
near  Tashkund,  on  the  river  Sihon. 

Arglore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  16  m.  S.  W. 
Tiagar. 

Argob,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  in  Bashan,  con- 
taining 60  towns. 

Argol,  V.  France,  in  Finisterre,  7  leagues  N.  N. 
W.  Quimper. 

Argon.     See  Formosa. 

Argonda,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Chittoor. 

Argonne,  a  woody  tract  in  France,  20  leagues  iu 
lengtli,  in  the  departments  of  the  Maese,  the 
Marne,  and  the  Ardennes. 

Argos,  kingdom  of  the  Peloponnesus,  on  tlie 
gulf  of  Napoli  di  Romania.  It  constitutes,  witb 
Corinth  and  Sicyon,  the  province  of  Saccania  or 
Romania  Minor.  Argos,  the  chief  t.  stands  on 
the  Nacho,  and  its  pop.  is  10,000.  Lon.  22°  47'  E. 
Lat.  37°  48' N. 

Argostoli,  chief  t.  of  the  island  of  Cephalonia. 
Pop,  5,000.   Its  harbof  is  tiie  be'it  in  the  island.    It 


59 


A  R  I 


has  dock-yards,  and  the  flotilla  is  one  of  ti»e  larg- 
est in  the  Archipelago.  The  ancient  name  was 
Cranii.     8  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ccphalonia. 

Argouge,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  12  m.  S. 
Avi-anches.  * 

Argutdas.,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  7  ra.  fr.  Tudela. 

Argueil,  v.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  7  leagues 
N.  E.  Rouen. 

Arguello,  Paint,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca, in  New  Albion.  Lon.  239°  46'  E.  Lat.  34° 
38'  N. 

Arguenon,  r.  f*rance,  runs  into  the  sea  near  St. 
Malo. 

Arguin,  isl.  in  a  gulf  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
the  ancient  Cerne,  at  which  Hanno  founded  a 
colony.  The  gulf  contains  stock  fisli,  and  the 
best  species  of  tuxtle.  Lon.  16"  20'  W.  Lat.  20'=' 
23' N. 

Argun,  Argan,  or  Ergoji,  r.  Tartary,  rises  from 
lake  Dailai,  or  Koulon-Nor,  in  119°  14' E.  lon. 
and  49°  N.  lat.  in  the  country  of  the  Mongols,  It 
is  considered  to  be  the  original  source  of  the  river 
Amur,  which  river  is  formed  of  its  stream  and  of 
that  of  the  Schilka,  in  lon.  121°  14'  E.  lat.  53°  N. 
It  is  the  boundary  between  Russia  and  China, 
from  the  source  to  its  mouth,  180  m.  E.  Nerts- 
chinsk. 

Argunskoi,  t.  and  fort,  Siberia,  in  Irkhutsk,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Argun,  162  m.  from  its  mouth, 
177  E.  Nertschink.  It  carries  on  a  considerable 
trade ;  but  the  climate  is  so  cold,  that  the  summer 
heat  penetrates  the  earth  very  superficially. 
Near  it  are  valuable  silver  mines.  Lon.  120°  14' 
E.  Lat.  50°  50'  N. 

Argyle,  or  Argyll,  a  maritime  co.  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Inverness-shire, 
E.  by  the  counties  of  Perth  and  Dumbarton,  S.  by 
the  Irish  sea  and  the  river  Clyde,  and  W.  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  It  embraces  numerous  islands, 
and  its  shores  abound  with  deep  bays  and  inlets, 
in  which  the  herring  fishery  is  prosecuted  with 
great  success.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  con- 
sists of  heath,  rocks,  and  mountains.  Many  valu- 
able minerals  are  found,  such  as  lead,  copper,  and 
iron.  There  is  a  profusion  of  beautiful  marble, 
of  different  colours,  which  is  susceptible  of  the 
highest  polish  ;  and  inexliaustible  quarries  of  fine 
blue  slate,  which  is  exported  in  ship  loads.  Tlie 
lands  are  adapted  for  grazing;  and  numbers  of 
black  cattle  are  reared,  and  sent  to  the  market  ol 
the  low  countries.  Argylcshii-e  is  divided  into  G 
districts;  Argyle,  Cowal,  Kintyre,  Lorn,  Islay, 
and  Mull.  Fop.  85,585;  families  17,368:  of 
which  there  are  occupied  in  agriculture  8,421, 
in  trade  and  manufactures  3,4 1 9. 

Argyle,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
45  m.  above  Albany.     Pop.  3,813. 

Argyle,  t.  Shelbui-ne  co.  Nova  Scotia,  22  m.  W. 
Shelburne. 

Argyro  Castro,  t  Albania,  on  the  Drino,  near 
Vallona.  It  contains,  with  its  dependencies, 
12,000  men  fit  for  bearing  arms,  and  is  the  seat  of 
a  pacha  of  two  tails,  who  is  dependent  on  the  pa- 
cha of  Joannina.  Its  ancient  names  were  Pka- 
nole  and  HadrianopoHs. 

Arheiligen,  v.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse.     Pop.  1,360. 

Arheiik,  Arhung,  or  Arhungserai,  t.  Asia,  in 
Bulkh  on  the  Harrat,  42  m.  N.  E.  Bulkh,  Lon. 
66°40'E.  Lat.  37°  N. 

Art,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  5  m.  S.  E.  Ci- 
vitadi  Chieti. 
Ariancopang,  t.  Hind.  3  m.  S.  Poadicherry. 


ARK 

Ariano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  principato  Ultra,  i: 
h  the  see  of  a  bishop.  15  to.  E.  Benevento.  Pop. 
10,700. 

Ariano,  v.  on  an  arm  of  the  Po,  in  the  duchy 
of  Ferrara,  24  m.  N.  E.  Ferrara. 

Arica,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  by  Moque- 
hua,  N.  W.  by  Arequipa,  W.  by  the  Pacificocean. 
S.  by  Atacamas. 

Arica,  capital  of  the  above  province,  is  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific,  with 
a  convenient  port.  210  m.  N.  W.  La  Plata,  270 
N.  VV.  Alacames.  Lon.  70°  18'  W.  Lat.  IS'' 
20' S. 

Aridana,  t.  Arabia,  10  m.  S.  W.  Mecca. 

Arien,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  9  m.  N.  Venice. 

Arienso,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  14  m;  N.  E.  Na- 
ples. 

Arjeploy,  t.  Swedish  Lapland,  105  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Pitea. 

Arignam,  t.  Italy,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Tus- 
cany, between  Florence  and  Arezzo. 

Arig7vay,  t.  France,  in  Haute  Garonne,  9  m.  N. 
N.  E.  St.  Gaudens. 

Arimathea,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Ben- 
jamin ;  one  in  the  tribe  of  Asher ;  one  in  Naphta- 
li ;  and  one  in  Ephraim. 

Arimoa,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Timor. 

Arinos,  r.  Brazil,  runs  into  the  Topayos. 

Ariola,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Ultra,  14  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Benevento. 

Arjona,  t,  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Rio  Frio, 
6  m.  S.  Andujar. 

Ariowara,  t.  Sweden,  in  Tornea-Lappmark. 

Aripo,  V.  on  W.  coast  of  Ceylon,  80  m.  N.  N 
W.  Candi. 

Aris,  t.  Prussia,  86  m.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Arimla,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  40  m.  E.  Chinna 
Balabarum. 

Arise,  t.  France,  6  leagues  S.  Chalons. 

Arish,  El,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Mediterranean,  15& 
m.  N.  W.  Cairo. 

Arisminera,  t.  Syria,  12  m.  N.  Hamah. 

Arispe,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  intendancy  of  So- 
nora,  near  the  source  of  the  Yaqui.  Lat.  30°  36 
N.  Lon.  109°  W.     Pop.  7,600. 

Arilsan,  t.  Bulgaria,  in  Eu.  Turkey,  10  m.  S. 
Viddin. 

Ariza,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  14  m.  W.  Cala- 
tayud. 

Arka,  i.  Siberia,  66  m.  fr.  Okhotsk, 

Arka,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Aladulia,  21  m.  W. 
Malatia,  70  N.  E.  Marasch. 

Arkadinskaia,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Medveditza,. 
240  m.  N.  E.  Azoph,  124  S.  W.  Saratof.  Lon.  43 
4'  E,  Lat.  50°  10'  N. 

Arkansaw  Territory,  U.  S.  is  bounded  N,  by  Mis- 
souri  territory,  and  State ;  E.  by  the  Mississippi ; 
S.  by  Louisiana  and  the  Spanish  dominions;  W. 
by  the  Spanish  dominions.  Pop.  in  1810,  1,062, 
exclusive  of  Indians  ;  in  1817,  about  5,000.  The 
principal  rivers  are  Arkansaw,  White,  St.  Fran- 
cis, and  Wachita.  The  lands  on  White  river  are 
the  best  in  the  territory,  and  among  the  best  iu 
America.  On  the  other  rivers  the  land  is  veiy 
fertile,  except  on  the  Wachita  where  it  is  poor 
and  stony.  The  country  on  the  Arkansaw  fur- 
nishes fine  hunting  grounds.  It  abounds  with  buf 
faloe?,  deer,  elk,  bears,  wolves,  panthers,  &c.  h. 
the  years  1818  and  1819,  about  5,000  of  the  Che- 
rokee Indians  removed  from  their  residence  E.  of 
the  Mississippi,  to  a  fine  tract  of  country  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansaw  river,  between  lon.  94* 
and  95°  W.     At  their  desire,  the^American  Boar<"> 


A  R  L 

41  Commissioners  for  Forei^  Missions  have  lately 
sent  a  Mission  family  to  them  to  teach  them  the 
arts  of  civilized  life,  and  instruct  them  in  Chris- 
tianity. 

Arkmisav}^  p-t.  the  chief  settlement  in  Arkansaw 
territory,  is  on  Arkansaw  river,  65  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  was  ehtablished  by  the  French  more 
than  a  century  ago.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are 
either  French,  or  of  mixed  blood :  descendants  of 
French  and  Indians. 

Arkansau-y  r.  N.  America,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains  above  lat.41°  N.  and  running  S.  E.  more 
than  2,000  miles,  falls  into  the  Mississippi  400 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  Red  river.  It  is  navi- 
gable almost  to  its  source.  Next  to  Missouri  it  is 
the  longest  tributary  of  the  Mississippi. 

Arkaveh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Trebisond,  on  the 
Black  sea,  35  m.  E.  N.  E.  Rineh. 

Arkavia,  or  Arxania,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Wala- 
i:hia,  on  the  borders  of  Transylvania,  18  m.  S.  S. 
£.  Hermannstadt. 

Arkeeko,  Jlrkiko,  or  Erkiko,  s-p.  Abyssinia,  at  the 
bottom  of  the  bay  of  Massuah,  The  inhabitants 
ire  among  the  worst  and  most  degraded  of  men. 
Lon.  39°  45'  E.  Lat.  15°  32'  N. 

Arkel,  v.  Holland,  3  m.  N.  Gorcum. 

Arkingarthdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10  m.  fr. 
Richmond. 

Arkitkan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  18  m.  E. 
Akshehr. 

Arkhw,  s-p.  Ireland,  12  m.  S.  Wicklow,  36  S. 
E.  Dublin. 

Arkport,  p-v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  Canisteo 
.  iver,  25  m.  VV.  Bath. 

Arl,  Great  and  JAttle.,  two  rivei-s  of  Germany, 
in  Saltzburg,  empty  into  the  Saltza,  near  St.  John. 

Arlant,  or  Arlance,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome, 
15  leagues  S.  E.  Clermont-Fei-rand. 

Arlanzon,  r.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  which  joins 
the  Artanza  near  Burgos,  and  falls  into  die  Pitu- 
erga. 

Arle,  t.  in-  Saltzburg,  10  m.  S.  W.  Radstadt,  38 
S.  S.  E.  Saltzburg. 

Arlen,  t.  in  the  Tyrol,  8  m.  N.  W.  Landeck. 

Aries,  a  large,  ancient,  and  well  built  t.  France, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  in  the  dep.  of 
Mouths  of  the  Rhone,  which  here  divides  into 
two  branches.  Here  have  been  held,  at  different 
periods,  13  ecclesiastical  councils,  of  which  the 
most  important  was  that  in  A.  D.  314.  Its  trade 
is  in  corn,  wine,  oil,  fruit,  sheep,  and  sausages; 
and  it  has  manufactures  of  serge,  gold  and  silver 
articles,  and  saltpetre.  It  is  16  leagues  W.  N.  W. 
Aix,  174  S.  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon,  4°  43'  E.  Lat,  43° 
40' N.     Pop.  21,000. 

Aries,  Kingdom  of.     See  Arelat. 

Aries,  t.  in  eastern  Pyrenees,  France.  It  has  a 
strong  castle,  hot  mineral  springs,  and  near  it  is  a 
lead  mine  and  iron  foundery.  Pop.  1,230.  Lon. 
2°43'E,  Lat.  42°  27' N. 

^rlesega,  t.  Italy,  in  Padua,  B  m.  N,  W.  Padua, 

Arlesheim,  v.  Switzerland,  3  m,  S.  Bale. 

Ariel,  cape,  Martinique  island,  on  the  N.  N.  W. 

rleux,  t.  France,  on  the  Senset,  dep.  of  the 

rth,  2  leagues  S.  Douay.    Pop.  1,460. 

Arlington,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  12  m.  N. 
Bennington.     Pop.  1,468. 

Arlon,  t.  Netherlands,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Luxemburg.  It  has  iron-works.  13  m.  N.  W. 
Luxemburg,     Pop.  3,130. 

Arbio,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  55  m.  E.  S,  E.  Ta- 
vasthuus.    Lon,  26°  3'  E.  Lat,  le*'  44'  N. 


ARM 


59 


2°  4; 

■ 


Arly,  r.  Savoy,  runs  into  the  Isere  near  Con- 
flans. 

Arm  Island,  at  the  E,  entrance  of  the  ttraits 
of  Sunda.     Lon.  5°  45'  E.  Lat.  106°  30'  N, 

Arma  Santiago  de,  city,  S.America,  in  New  Gi'a- 
nada,  on  a  branch  of  the  Cauca,  150  m,  N,  E,  Po- 
payan,  84  S,  Santa  Fe  de  Antioquia.  Lon.  75^ 
36'  W.  Lat.  5°  33'  N. 

Armagh,  co.  Ireland,  in  the  province  of  Ulster, 
bounded  N,  by  Lough  Neagh,  W.  by  Tyrone  and 
Monaghan,  S.  by  Louth,  and  E.  by  Down.  The 
linen  manufacture  flourishes  in  this  countv.  Pop. 
in  1812,  141,381. 

Armagh,  city,  Ireland,  capital  of  Armagh  co. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  archbishop  of  Armagh,  who  is 
the  primate  of  all  Ireland.  In  the  middle  centu- 
ries, it  was  celebrated  as  a  place  of  learning,  hav- 
ing at  one  period,  7000  students  at  its  college. 
But  afterwards  the  city  decayed,  until  Baron 
Rokeby  was  promoted  to  the  primacy ;  by  whose 
princely  munificence,  the  cathedral  was  repaired, 
and  the  town  altogether  renovated.  He  built  and 
endowed  an  observatory,  with  an  excellent  astro- 
nomical apparatus,  a  library,  and  a  palace  ;  and 
established  a  school  where  children  are  educated 
gratuitously,  according  to  the  modern  improved 
system.  Pop.  7,010,  of  which  2,001  are  of  the 
Established  church,  and  3,413  Roman  Catholics. 
62  m.  N.  Dubhn,  48  S.  S,  E.  Londonderry.  Lon. 
6°  37'  30"  W.  Lat.  5-^.°  21'  15"  N. 

Armagh,  p-t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.  50  m.  E.  Pittsburg. 

Armagh,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,306. 

Armagia,t.  Arabia,  68m.  S,  Cathem. 

Armagnac,  formerly  a  county,  France,  in  Ga«- 
cony,  now  included  in  the  departments  of  the 
Gers  and  Upper  Pyrenees. 

Armamer,  t.  Poi'tugal,  in  Beira,  10  m,  S.  Pesqui- 
era. 

Armana,i.  Syria,  in  a  valley,  10  m.  N.W.Aleppo. 

Armanee,  r,  France,  runs  into  the  Armancon, 
near  St.  Florentin. 

Armancon,  or  Armanson,  r.  Frarice,  falls  in.'^o 
the  Yonne,  above  Joigny. 

Armasao,  t.  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  a  stpjaon  for 
the  whale  fishery.    Lon.  47°  20'  W.  La'c  27°  5'  S. 

Armavir,  t,  Armenia,  on  the  Arasj  '30  m,  W.  S. 
W.  Erivan. 

Armegone,  or  Armegum,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Carnatic,  with  an  English  factory,  66  m.  N. 
Madras. 

Armenass,  v.  Syria,  where  the  glass  used  in 
Aleppo  is  manufactured,    35  m.  W,  Aleppo. 

Armeni,  t.  Mingrelia,  30  m.  S.  E.  Isgaur. 

Armenia,  country,  Asia,  bounded  N.  by  Geor- 
gia and  Mingrelia,  E.  by  Azerbijan  in  Persia,  S. 
by  Diarbekir,  and  W.  by  the  Euphrates.  It  is 
mountainous,  and,  owing  to  its  height  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  is  of  a  colder  temperature  than 
might  have  been  expected  from  its  geographical 
positioia.  Wheat  and  barley,  cotton,  hemp,  to- 
bacco, and  raw  silk,  are  cultivated.  The  Arme- 
nians form  the  chief  class  of  traders  in  the  Persian 
empire  ;  inhabit  a  large  portion  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, and  are  found  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 
They  engage  in  the  most  extensive  commercial 
undertakings,  and  bear  a  high  character  for  in- 
tegrity in  their  dealings.  They  are  a  distinct 
race  of  people,  seldom  intermarrying  with  othei: 
tribes,  and  professing  a  peculiar  religion,  the  basis 
of  which  is  Christianity.  The  western  parts  are 
subject  to  the  Turks,  the  eastern  to  the  Persians, 
and  the  southern  !>re  rnlod  by  nnmero'T^  ia'V  ■ 
pendent  chiefs. 


60 


A  R  N 


Armetit,  or  Erment,  v.  on  the  Nile,  in  Upper 
Egypt,  called  also  Beled  Mousa,  16  m.  N.  Esne. 

Jlrmentequi,  place  in  Spain,  1  m.  fr.  Vittoria. 

Armentieres,  t.  France,onthe  Lys,indep.of  North. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  other  stuffs.  3 
lea-ues  N. W.  Lille,  14  N.  N.  E.  Douay.  Pop.  7,600. 

Armento,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  20  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Potenza. 

Armi,  CapodeU\  cape,  Naples,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Calabria. 

ArmiLlas,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  44  m.  S.  Sara- 
gossa. 

Amiir,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  2  m.  fr.  Smaith. 

Armira,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Volo,  10  m.  S.  Volo.    Lon.  23°  9'  E.  Lat. 

sg'^ao'N. 

Armira,  r.  Darien,  enters  the  sea  near  Cape  Ti- 
buron.     Also  a  town  on  its  banks. 

Annise,  or  Armix,  v.  France,  in  Ain.  Pop. 
1,200.    3  leagues  N.  W.  Belley. 

ArmUy,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  on  the  Liverpool  ca- 
nal and  the  Aire,  with  extensive  manufactures.  2 
m.  fr.  Leeds,     Pop.  2,941. 

Armona,  t.  island  of  Negroponte,  22  m.  S.  E. 
Negroponte. 

Armsdale  Head,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Scot- 
land.    Lon.  'SP  56'  W.  Lat.  58°  36'  N. 

Armsen,  parish  with  six  villages,  Hanover,  7  m. 
E,  S.  E.  Verden. 

Armsheim,  v.  in  the  upper  bailiwick  of  Abzey, 
grand  duchy  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Wiss- 
bach,  4  m.  N.  Abzey. 

Armstrong,  co.  Pa.  on  the  Alleghany.  Chief 
t.  Kitaning,     Pop.  6,143. 

Armstrong,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  523. 

Ama,  t.  and  harbor,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Andros,  in  the  Archipelago. 

Ama,  t.  Persia,  in  Kharasm,  200  m.  N.Urkonje. 

Ama,  t.  Africa,  cap.  of  a  district  in  the  desert 
between  Fezzan  and  Bornou,  inhabited  by  a  peo- 
ple called  Tibbo,  250  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mourzouk. 

Amac,  two  villages,  France,  one  in  Rouergue, 
the  t'other  in  Auvergue.  Another  in  the  dep.  of 
Upper  Vienne.  Pop.  2,000.  Likewise  one  in 
the  dep.  o'  Correze.     Pop.  1,020. 

Amos,  t.  9weden,  in  Angermannland,  52  m.  E. 
N,  E.  Hernosat>d. 

Arnas,  t.  Pru^rtia,  in  Oberland.  4  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Osterrode. 

Arnat-la-Porfe,  t.  France,  Upper  Vienne. 

Arnau,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  in  the  circle 
of  Bitschow,  9  m.  N.  Koriingsgratz. 

Arnaud-Beligrad,  i.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  40 
m.  N.  E.  Vallona. 

Amay4e-Duc,  ot  Arney-sur-Arro^ix,  t.  France, 
in  Beaune.  Pop.  2,750.  lOj  leagues  S.  W.  Di- 
jon. 

Amdorf,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Subzbach,  district  of 
Parkstein,  4  m.  E.  Kemnat.  Another,  near  the 
Nab,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bayreuth. 

Ajrneburg,  t.  in  the  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Elbe,  50  m.  W.  Berlin. 

Arnedo,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  3  m.  S.  Calahorra. 

Arnee,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  14  m.  S.  Arcot, 
75  B.  W.  Madras. 

Arnee,  t.  Hind.  20  m.  N.  Madras. 

Arnemuyden,  s-p.  in  the  i'^land  of  Walcheren, 
Dutch  province  of  Zealand.  It  had  an  excellent 
harbor,  which  is  now  choaked  up  with  mud,  and 
was  formerly  a  place  of  consequence :  probably 
the  Hanse  town,  Amemunda.  3  m.'  E.  Middle- 
i»urg,  6  N.  N.  E.  Flushing. 


A  R  O 

Ames,  t.  Sweden,  in  Angermannland,  on  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Ameseio,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  7  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Andria. 

Amfeh,  v.  Styria,  in  the  circle  of  Marbui^,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Landsberg. 

Arngats,  mountain,  Asia,  in  Armenia. 

Arngitzes,  t.  Wallachia,  44  m.  S.  S.  E.  Her- 
manns tadt. 

Arnhausen,  t,  subject  to  Bavaria,  inWurtzburg, 
2  m.  b.  Kissingen. 

Arnhausen,  t.  Germany,  in  Pomerania,  24  m. 
N.  W.  New  Stettin. 

Arnheim,  or  Amhem,  city,  Holland,  capital  of 
Guelderland.  Pop.  in  1796,  10,080.  30  m.  E. 
Utrecht,  45  S.  E.  Amsterdam. 

Ama,  r.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  rises  in  the  Appet- 
nines,  and  runs  into  that  part  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, called  the  Tuscan  sea.  It  passes  through 
the  city  of  Florence,  and  enters  the  sea  12  m.  N. 
Leghorn,  and  4  below  Pisa,  to  which  place  it  » 
navigable  for  small  vessels. 

Amo,  Civita  d\  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  3  m.  E.  N.  E,  Perugiano. 

Arnold,  t.  Eng.  4  m.  fr.  Nottingham.    Pop.  3,042 

Arnosota,  t.  Naples,  12  m.  S.  E.  Salerno. 

Arnold' sold  place,  p-v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  56  m. 
W.  Washington, 

Anion,  in  Sac.  Geog.  r.  rises  in  the  mountains 
of  Gilead,  runs  along  the  N.  border  of  Moab,  and 
falls  into  the  Dead  sea. 

Arnoya,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Mohii?, 
near  Rivadavia,  in  Gallicia. 

Arnoya,  r.  Portugal,  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.  9°  7' W.  Lat.  39°  25' N. 

Amsdorf,  t.  Prussia,  in  Oberland,  11  m.  S.  Holr 
land. 

Ai-nsdorf,  t.  Prussia,  in  Ermeland,  15  m.  W, 
Heilsperg. 

Arnsfeld,  t.  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirg,  5  m.  S.  Wol- 
kenstein. 

Amsheim,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse-Darmstadt,  3  m.  N.  W.  Worms. 

Amstadt,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Gera,  Schwartz- 
burg  magistracy.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  in 
corn  and  wool.     Pop.  4,600.     10  m,  S.  W.  Erfurt. 

Arnstein,  t.  bailiwick,  and  castle,  Bavaria,  on 
the  Wehrn.  Pop.  1,200.  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wurtz- 
burg. 

Arnstein,  or  Klosteramstein,  t.  Germany,  on 
the  Lahn.  Its  abbey  belongs  to  the  prince  of  Nas- 
sau-Weilburg.    Pop,  2,000. 

Arnstein,  t.  Prussia,  in  Natangen,  20  m.  SL 
Brandenburg. 

Arnstorf,  t.  in  the  duchy  of  Carinthia,  6  m.  W. 
Mauttern. 

Aro,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  6 
m.  S.  Palamos. 

Aroan,  a  place  in  the  desert  of  Sahara,  150  m. 
N.  W.  Tombuctoo,  on  the  caravan  route  to  Fez. 
Its  salt  mines  supply  the  countries  on  the  Niger. 

Aroche,  t.  Spain,  on  the  Estremadura,  46  m.  N. 
W.  Seville. 

Aroer,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  Gadites,  on  the 
river  Arnon  ;  also,  one  in  Judah. 

Arolsen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  county  of  Wal- 
deck.  Most  of  the  colleges  of  the  principality 
have  their  seat  here.    38  m.  W.  S.  W.  Gottingen. 

Aromas,  v.  France,  in  Jura,  6  leagues  S.  W. 
Orgelet. 

Aron,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  6  m.  fr.  Cashan. 

Arona,  t.  Italy,  on  the  W.  bank  of  lake  Mag- 


A  R  R 


A  R  R 


61 


lip 


gUK'e,  opposite  Anghiera.    Pop.  4,000.     17  m.  N, 
N.  W.  Novar. 

^rona,  of  Arone,  r.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church.  It  issues  from  lake  Bracciano,  and  falls 
mto  the  Mediterranean. 

Aronde,  r.  France,  in  Picardy,  runs  into  the 
Oise. 

Arm,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  S.  of  Papua.  Lon. 
135°  E.  Lat.  6°  S. 

Aroostic,  r.  rises  in  Maine,  and  running  E.  joins 
the  St.  Johns  in  New-Brunswick. 

Aropilly,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  20  m.  S.  Banga- 
lore. 

AroSy  V.  and  harbor,  Scotland,  in  the  island  of 
Mull. 

Arouca,  t  Portugal,  in  Beira,  27  jn.  S.  W.  La- 
mego. 

Arouthortchin,  a  country  of  Tartary,  near  the 
great  wall  of  China. 

Arpj  r.  Circassia,  falls  into  the  Kuban.  Lat. 
44°  46'  N. 

Arpad,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  and  country  of  Syria, 
near  Hamath. 

Arpaia,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Ultra,  6  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Benevento. 

Arpajon,  t.  France,  on  the  Orge,  dep.  of  the 
Seine  and  Oise,  Pop.  2,100.  Here  are  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  and  fire-arms.  7  leagues  S. 
Versailles. 

Arpajon,or  Severac,  t.  France,  inCantal,  a  few 
miles  S.  E.  Aurillac. 

Arpenburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  Old  Mark  of 
Brandenburg,  9  m.  S.  Saltzwedel. 

Arpi,  or  V  Arpi,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  14  m. 
S.  W.  Manfredonia. 

Arpino,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  the  birth 
place  of  Marius  and  Cicero.  It  has  cloth  manu- 
iactories.    55  m.  N.  N.  W.  Naples. 

Arquala,  t.  Italy,  in  the  papal  territory  of  Um- 
bria,  10  m.  S.  W.  Ascoli. 

Arquatta,  t.  of  the  Sardinian  monarchy,  25  m. 
.  Genoa. 

Arquennes,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  near 
Nivelles,  and  well  known  for  its  lime-pits  and  blue 
marble. 

Arquenon,  r.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord.  It 
runs  by  Jugon  into  the  English  channel. 

Arques,  r.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  runs  by  Ar- 
ques,  into  the  English  channel,  near  Dieppe. 

Arques,  t.  France,  on  the  Arques,  2  leagues  S. 
E.  Dieppe,  UN.  Rouen.     Pop.  1,700. 

Arques,  v.  France,  in  Artois,  13^  leagues  N.  E. 
Arras. 

Arques,  v.  France,  in  Aude,  6i  leagues  S.  Car- 
cassonne. 

Arra,  t.  A.Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  30  m.W.  Orfa. 
Arracan,  formerly  an  independent  kingdom,  but 
since  the  year  1783  a  province  of  the  Birman  em- 
pire. It  lies  S.  E.  Bengal.  On  the  E.  it  is  divided 
from  Pegue  and  Ava  by  a  range  of  mountains, 
through  which  there  are  very  few  passes.  Con- 
siderable commerce  is  carried  on  with  Bengal. 
The  exports  are  chiefly  honey,  wax,  ivory,  drugs, 
sapphires,  rubies,  and  gold ;  in  exchange,  they 
take  back  tissues,  silks,  muslins,  European  com- 
modities of  all  kinds,  pearls,  and  diamonds. 

Arracan,  city  and  cap.  of  the  above  province, 
is  on  the  Arracan,  in  lon.  93°  25'  E.  and  lat. 
20°  40'  N.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  viceroy.  The 
harbour,  it  is  said,  has  six  fathoms  water  at  the 
bar,  and  is  capable  of  containing  a  large  fleet. 
Arrack,  See  Aregk. 


Arracourt,  V.  France  in  Meurtlie,  6  leagues 
E.  Nancy. 

Arradon,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Vannes. 

Arragia,  t.  Arabia,  in  Nedsjed,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Khaibar. 

Arragon,  province,  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Pyrenees,  W.  by  Navarre  and  Castile,  S.  by  Va- 
lencia, and  E.  by  Catalonia.  The  soil,  though  in 
some  places  sandy,  stony,  and  mountainous,  is  on 
the  whole  productive.  Here  are  raised  maize, 
hemp,  madder,  and  safi'ron ;  and  excellent  wine  is 
exported  in  considerable  quantities.  Large  quan- 
tities of  silk  also  are  made  and  exported ;  but  the 
breeding  of  sheep  forms  the  grand  Ijranch  of  indus- 
try. The  wool  is  in  high  esteem  with  foreigners, 
and  in  1782  nearly  60,000  cwt.  was  exported. 
Pop.  630,000. 

Arragon,  r.  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  and 
falls  into  the  Ebro,  between  Tudela  and  Cala- 
horra. 

Arragon,  t.  Arabia,  100  m.  E.  S.  E.  Sana. 
Arrah,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Arabian  sea,  140  m.  W.  Tatta.     Lon.  65°  E.  Lat. 
25°  25'  N. 

Arrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Behar.  Lon.  84°  48'  E.  Lat. 
25°  32'  N. 

Arran,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Clyde,  20  miles  long,  and  contain- 
ing 165  square  miles.     Pop,  6,754. 

Arrancy,  v.  France,  in  Me  use,  14  leagues  N.  PT. 
E,  Bar-le-duc. 

Arranmore,  isl.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  25'  W.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Arrapalmy,  Indians,  inhabit  the  country  between 
the  head  waters  of  the  Kansas,  a  S.  branch  of  the 
Missouri,  and  the  Rio  del  Norte. 

Arras,  t.  France,  capital  of  Pas  de  Calais,  on 
the  Scarpe,  5  leagues  S.  W.  Douay,  and  13  N.  E. 
Amiens.  It  is  regularly  fortified  with  walls  and 
towers.  The  citadel,  which  was  constructed  by 
Vauban,  is  reckoned  one  of  the  strongest  in  France. 
Lon.  2°  51'  E.  Lat.  50°  17'  N.     Pop.  18,872. 

Arrats,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Garonne,  below 
Aubilar. 

Arrayal  de  Rio  das  Almas,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas, 
on  the  Toccantins,  42  m,  N.  N.  E.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  de  Assumpcaon,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  on 
Toccantins,  340  m.  N.  N.  E.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  de  Cardoso,  t.  Brazil,  300  m.  S.  W.  St 
Salvador. 

Arrayal  de  Meyaponte,  t  Brazil,  in  Matto  Gros- 
so,  125  "m.  S.  S.  E.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  de  Maygunte,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  75  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Villa  Boa.' 

Arrayal  de  Porate,  t.  Brazil,  in  Para,  on  the 
Toccantins,  210m.  S.  Para. 

Arrayal  de  St.  Anna,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  95  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  Velho,  t.  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  50 
m.S.W.  Villa  Rira. 

Arrayotos,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  10  m.  N. . 
Evora."   Pop.  2,700. 

Arreau,  or  Arreux,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Py- 
renees, 10  leagues  S.  Tarbes, 

Arresian,  or  Restanes,i.  Syria,  20  m.  S,  Ramalu 
Arreway,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes,     Lon. 
119°-15'E.Lat.0°58'S. 

Arrietre,  or  Ariege,  r.  France,  rises  in  the  Py- 
renees, passes  by  Aix,  Tarascon,  Foix,  and  Pa- 
miers ;  becomes  navigable  at  Saverdun,  and  joins 
the  Garonne  between  Muret  and  Toulouse. 


62 


A  R  S 


A  R  V 


Arriege,  or  Ariege,  department  of  France, 
bounded  E.  by  Aude,  S.  E.  by  Eastern  Pyrenees 
S.  by  the  Pyrenean  mountains,  and  W.  and  N.  by 
Upper  Garonne.  Pop.  222,936.  Foix  ia  the  cap- 
ital. 

Arrigno,  t.  Corsica,  8  m.  E.  Calvi. 

Arrion,  t.  Persia,  in  Azerbijan,  90  m.  S.  E.  Ta- 
bris. 

Arrisana,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Portugal.  Lon.  8*^ 
55'W.Lat.37°  14' N. 

Arrivacourchy,  or  Aravacourchy,  t.  Hind,  in 
Coimbetore,  belonging  to  the  British.  20  m.  E. 
Daraixjrum,  53  S.  W.  Trichinopoly.  Lon.  78° 
E.  Lat.  10°  15'  N. 

Arro,  inlet,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America,  E.  of  Quadra  and  Vancouver's 
island.     Lon.  237°  9'  E.  Lat.  4°  35'  N. 

Arroe,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  S.  W.  of  Funen.  Pop. 
in  1803,  7,573.    Lon.  10°  20'  E.  Lat.  54°  53'  N. 

Arroe,  Danish  isl.  in  the  Little  Belt,  between 
Funen  and  the  coast  of  Sleswick. 

Arroe,  islands  in  the  Red  sea,  off  Mocha. 

Arroja  de  St.  Servan,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
3  m.  S.  jMerida. 

Arronches,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo.  Pop.  1,700. 
95  m.  E.  Lisbon. 

Arrones,  t  Spain,  in  Navarre,  7  m,  S.  E.  Estella. 

Arros,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Adour,  near 
Aire. 

Arroux,  r.  France,  passes  through  Autun,  and 
runs  into  the  Loire,  between  Bourbon-Lancy  and 
Port  St.  Digoin. 

Arrow,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Lug  near  Leomin- 
ster. 

Arrou;  r.  Ireland,  flows  fr-oni  Lough- Arrow  to 
the  sea,  5  m.  S.  W.  Sligo. 

ArroiD-rock,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Arroya  (VElmedina,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  165  m. 
N.  N.  W,  Buenos  Ayres. 

Arroya  de  Paben,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  180  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Arroya  de  Ramallo,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  150  m.  N. 
N.Vv'.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Arroya  de  la  China,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Uraguay,  in  lon.  58°  14'  W.  lat. 
32°  29'  S. 

Arroyos,  t.  Paraguay,  51  m.  E.  Assumption. 
Lon.  56°  47'  W.  Lat.  25°  29'  36"  S. 

Ars,  t.  France,  isl.  of  Rhe,  in  Lower  Charente. 
Pop.  3,000.     6i  leagues  W.  La  Rochelle. 

Ars,  t.  France,  in  Creuse,  5  m.  N.  W.  Aubus- 
son. 

Arsac,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees.  Pop. 
1,015.     12  leagues  E.  S.  E.  Dax. 

Arsace,  t.  Syria,  16  m.  N.  N.  W.  Aleppo. 

Arsacides.     See  Solomon'' s  Islands. 

Arsago,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Milan,  12  m.  N. 
Milan. 

Arsamas,  t.  Jlussia,  48  m.  S.  Nishnei-Novgorod. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Arsano,  v.  Italy,  near  Naples.     Pop.  5,100. 

Arseewah,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  30  m.  S.  W.  Sur- 
gopja. 

Arsemini,  t.  Sardinia,  7  m.  S.  W.  Cagliari. 

Arsen,  r.  Turkish  Armenia,  runs  into  the  Eu- 
phrates near  Ib'ja. 

Arsid.     See  Arsur. 

Arsiera,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Vicentin,  20  m.  N.  Vi- 


Arsk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Kasanka,  40  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Kasan.    Lon.  19°  34'  E.  Lat.  56°  20'  N. 

Arskey,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Dun.  Pop. 
1.000.    3  m.  from  Doncaster. 


Arsonval,  v.  France,  in  Aube,  H  leagues  N.  W* 
Bar-sur-Aube. 

Arsu,  t.  Persia,  in  Schirvan,  on  the  Kur,  40  m, 
S.  S.  W.  Schamaghie. 

Arsunda,  t.  Sweden,  in  Gestrikland,  15  m.  S.W; 
Gefle. 

Asur,  Asor,  Arsaf,  or  Arsid,  a  hamlet  on  the 
coast  of  Syria.  Solomon  is  supposed  to  have  built 
the  city  Asor  upon  its  site.     10  m.  N.  Jaffa. 

Art,  or  Unterart,  i.  Switzerland,  on  the  lake  of 
Zug.     Pop.  2,300.     17  m.  N.  Schweitz. 

Arta,  or  Larta,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on 
Arta  river,  9  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  gulf  of 
Arta.    Lon.  21°  8'  E.  Lat.  39°  30'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Artald,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  sea  of  Marmora,  45  m.  E.  Gallipoli,  90  S. 
W.  Constantinople. 

Artakui,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  48  m.  N. 
W.  Gallipoli. 

Artala,  t.  Georgia,  40  m.  S.  Teflis. 

Artamova,  t.  Russia,  120  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tobolsk. 

Artan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  24  m.  S. 
Akserai. 

Artana,  or  Antana,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  15  ra» 
from  Pampeluna. 

Artani,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  27  m.  S.  Akulzikr 

Artannes,  t.  France,  on  the  Indre,  4  leagues  S. 
W.  Tours. 

Artaviva,  t.  Mingrelia,  110  m.  N.  E.  Trebisond. 

Artaxate,  t.  Persian  Armenia,  on  the  Araxes, 
15  m.  S.  Erivan,  now  in  ruins. 

Artenac,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente.  Pop. 
1,500.    7  leagues  S.  E.  Saintes. 

Artenay,  t.  France,  5  leagues  from  Orleans,  on 
the  road  to  Paris ;  noted  for  its  maufacture  of 
knives.     Pop.  1,500. 

Artern,  t.  bailiwick,  and  castle,  on  the  Unatrui , 
in  the  Saxon  part  of  the  county  of  Mansfeld.  Pop. 
2,240.     10  m.  W.  Eisleben. 

Arth,  or  Artha,  r.  Wales,  falls  into  the  sea  S.  of 
Aberystwith. 

Arthez,  i.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees.  Pop. 
2,080.     3  leagues  E.  Orthez,  and  6i  N.  W.  Pau. 

Arthur  Kull.     See  J^ewark  Bay. 

Artik-abad,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  12  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Tocat. 

Artingurry,  t.  Hind,  in  Marawas,  6  m.  E.  Ra- 
manadporum. 

Artisch.     See  Argisch. 

Arlogna,  t.  Venetian  territory,  in  Bresciano,  12 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Breno. 

Artois,  county  and  government  of  France,  for- 
merly included  in  the  Netherlands,  having  been 
reckoned  one  of  the  17  provinces.  It  is  now  in- 
cluded in  the  departments  of  the  Pas  de  Calais, 
the  Somme  and  the  North. 

Artolsheim,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  5  m.  S. 
E.  Schlettstat. 

Arton,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire,  7  leagues 
W.  S.  W.  Nantes. 

Artorne,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  on  the 
Merges.  Pop,  1,100.  5i  leagues  N.  Clermont- 
Ferrand. 

Artos,  t.  Little  Bukharia,  25  m.  W.  Cashgar. 

Artoude,  t.  Syria,  15  m.  N.  Damascus. 

Artvani,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  60  m.  N.  Kars. 

Artsbach,  r.  Styria,  runs  into  the  Ens,  4  m.  S. 
Reiffling. 

Arva,  county  in  Hungary.  It  derives  its  name 
from  the  ruined  castle  of  Arva,  which  is  14  m.  N. 
of  Rosenberg. 

Arva,  r.  Hungary,  falls  into  the  Waag.  \\  ip. 
N.  Arva. 


A  S  B 

Aruba,  t.  Persia,  90  m.  E.  Mekran. 
Arucara,  t.  Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guana - 
pu,  140  m.  W.  S.  W.  Para. 

Arucotara,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  10  m.  N.  Arde- 
nelle. 

Amdy,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees.  Pop. 
1,620.     5  leagues  S.  Pau. 

Arve,  r.  Savoy,  falls  into  the  Rhone  near  Ge- 
neva. 

Arviciio,  t.  Naples,  on  the  sea-coast  of  Calabria 
Ultra,  4  m.  S.  Stillo. 

Arvidsjaur,  t.  Swedish  Lapland,  75  m.  W.  Pitea. 
Lat.  65°  28'  N. 

Arun,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  sea  at  Little  Hamp- 
ton, in  Sussex. 

Arundel,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  the  Arun,  which 
is  here  navigable  for  vessels  of  200  tons  ;  and  the 
navigation  is  carried  ou  to  the  Thames  by  means 
of  a  canal.  Pop.  2,700.  10|  m.  from  Chichester, 
57  S.  London. 

Arundell,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  the  sea-coast, 
21  m.  N.  E.  York.     Pop.  2,372. 

Arvad,  in  Sac.  Geog.  Phoenician  t.  on  a  small 
*sland,  now  called  Ruad,  S.  of  Tyre, 

Arys,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Venetian  territory,  district 
of  Friuli.     10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Palmala  Nuova. 

Arsac,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  6^  leagues 
E.  Orthez. 

Arzamcs,  t.  Russia,  64  m.  from  Nishnei-Novgo- 
rod.     Lon.  13°  34'  E.  Lat.  55°  20'  N. 

Arzanemt,  or  Arsanno,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre, 
Pop.  4,150.     12  leagues  E.  Quimper. 

Arzberg,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the  Maine, 
7  m.  E.  Wunsiedel.     Pop.  1,132. 

Arsengan,  Arzendgean,  or  Arzingan,  t.  Turkey, 
on  the  Euphrates,  45  m,  W.  Ei-zerum. 

Arzero,  t.  Upper  Italy,  in  the  Paduan,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Padua. 

Arzerum.     See  Erzerum. 
Arzcw,  s-p.  Algiers,  16  m.  E.  Oran. 
Arzignana,  t.  Upper  Italy,  on  the  Gua,  15  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Vicenza. 

Arzilla,  s-p.  Morocco,  the  first  that  occurs  on  the 
Mediterranean,  after  passing  Cape  Spartel. 

Arzilla,  r.  Italy,  runs  into  the  Adriatic  a  little 
N.ofFano. 
Arzon,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire.     Pop.  1,500. 
Arzua,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  12  m.  E.  St.  Jago  de 
Compostella. 

As,  t.  Sweden,  in  .lamtland,  near  lake  Storsio,  5 
m.  N.  Ostersund. 

Asa,  r.  Archduchy  of  Austria,  runs  into  the 
Danube,  2  m.  N.  Efferding. 

Asabra,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Arragon  near 
Morillo. 

yhad,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  57  m.  S.  W.  Yezd. 
Asad-abad.  t.  Persia,  on  the  frontiers  of  Kurdis- 
tan, 70  m.  N.  W.  Hamadan. 

Asangaro,  province  of  S.  America,  on  the  N. 
"^ide  of  lake  Chucuito. 

Asaralie,  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  in  Hami,  50  m. 
s .  W.  Hami. 

Asarna,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Liunga,  in  Jemtland, 
24  m.  W.  Sundswall. 

Asaro,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  Noto,  8  m.  S.  Ni- 
cosia. 

Asas,  t.  Sweden,  in  Schonen.  Lon.  12°  40'  E. 
Lat  56°  11' N. 

Asbeck,  t.  Germany,  in  Munster,  4  m.  S.  E.  Aa- 
haus. 

Ashen,  a  large  kingdom  in  the  interior  of  Africa, 
between  Fczzaii  and  Cashna. 


A  S  C  ^3 

Asbroit,  t.  Sweden,  in  S.  Gothland,  6  m.  N. 
Wai-dberg. 

Asburg,  t.  in  the  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  6  m  E.  Meurs,  18  W.  Duisburg. 
Asbury,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  35  m.  N.  Trenton. 
Ascaia,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  3  m.  fr. 
St.  Jean  de  Luz,  12  fr.  Bayonne.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ascalont.  Palestine,  on  the  sea-coast,  14  m.  N. 
Gaza,  and  30  S.  W.  Jerusalem.  Lon.  34°  47'  E. 
Lat.  31°  38'  N. 

Ascara,  t.  Japan,  95  m.  N.  Jeddo. 
Ascension,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  between  Africa 
and  Brazil.  It  is  entirely  barren  and  uninhabited  ; 
but  is  frequented  by  the  homeward  bound  ship- 
ping, on  account  of  its  excellent  harbour,  and  the 
fish,  sea-fowl,  and  turtle,  which  it  affords.  The 
crevice  of  a  rock  in  this  island  forms  what  is  called 
the  Sailors'  Post-Olfice.  Here  crews  leave  a 
well  corked  bottle,  with  letters  inclosed,  which 
are  taken  up  and  carried  to  their  destination  by 
the  next  ship  that  passes  in  a  contrary  direction. 
Lon.  14°  28' W.  Lat  8°  8' S. 

Ascension,  parish,  Louisiana,  on  the  Mississippi. 
Pop.  2,219. 

Ascension^  cap.  of  the  island  of  Margarita,  for- 
merly celebrated  for  its  pearl  fisheries. 

Ascension  Bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  Yucatan,  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras.    Lon.  88°  56'  W.  Lat.  19°  30'  N. 
Asceria,  v.  Abyssinia,  25  m.  S.  Dixan. 
Asch,  or  Ascha,  t.  Germany,  in  the  Bohemian 
circle  of  Egra,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  the  Egra. 

Ascha,  or  Ascliau,  in  Upper  Bavaria.  See  Hb- 
hen-Aschau. 

Aschach,  or  Aschau,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
6  m.  N.  Efferding. 

Aschach,  t.  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale, 
6  m.  N.  Kissingen. 

Aschaffenburg,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Maine,  18  m. 
S.  E.  Frankfort,  and  40  E.  Mentz.  Lon.  9°  7'  E. 
Lat.  40°  58'  N.  Pop.  6,400.  The  original  district 
of  Aschaffenburg  which  constituted  that  sort  of  ju- 
risdiction called  in  German  a  vicedom,  was  22 
miles  long  and  18  broad,  and  contained  82  villa- 
ges and  hamlets. 

Asche,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  on  the  road 
from  Brussels  to  Ghent.      Pop.  3,750. 

Asche,  t  Saxony,  in  Vogtland,  15  m.  S.  Plawen. 
Ascfien^inskoi,  fort,  Siberia,  on  the  confines  oi' 
China,  130  m.S.  S.W.  Selinginsk. 

Ascheres,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  6  leagues  N.  N. 
E.  Orleans.     Pop.  1,500. 

Ascherode,  t.  Bavaria,  6  rja.  N.  Carlstadt. 
Aschersleben,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  principality  oi 
Halberstadt,  16  m.  S.  E.  Halberstadt,    Pop.  7,900. 
Aschwomsee,  lake,  Prussia,  40  m.  S.  E.  Konigs- 
berg. 

Ascloster,  t.  Sweden,  in  S.  Gothland,  12  m.  N. 
Wardberg. 

Ascoli,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Marca  d'Ancona  one  of 
the  States  of  the  Church,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Castellano  with  Tronto  river.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.     48  m.  S.  Ancona.     Lat.  42°  46'  N. 

Ascoli  di  Satrian'o,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  65 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Naples.     Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

Ascona,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Ticino,  on  lake  Mag- 
giore,  2  m.  S.  Locarno. 

Ascott,  t.  Buckin^rham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Francis,  67  "m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers,  16  N. 
E.  lake  Memphremagog.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ascough,  or  Aiskew,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.         ;, 
Ascoytia,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipii3coa,  on  the  Urola,'; 
6  m.  E.  Placentia. 


ASH 


AS! 


Aseq,  V.  in  French  Flanders  with  a  parish 
church  and  250  houses,  in  dep.  of  the  North,  1 
leagues  from  Lille. 

^scrib  Islands,  N.  of  Skye.  Lon.  6°  28'  W. 
Lat.  57°  27'  N. 

j^se.     See  Orontes. 

Asmtnex),  mountain,  Vt.  5  m.  S.  W.  Windsor. 
It  is  fi,;320  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Asebbo,  t.  Egypt,  80  m.  N.  E.  Cairo. 

Asee-abad,  t.  Cabul,  35  m.  S.  E.  Cabul. 

Aseicu-y  t.  Persia,  in  Cuzistan,  90  m.  S.  Ispahan. 

Asele,  t.  Swedish  Lapland,  and  capital  of  Asele 
Lapmark,  85  m.  W.  Umea.  Lon.  17°  4'  E.  Lat. 
64°  12'  N. — The  Lapmark  is  bounded  N.  W.  by 
Norway ;  E.  by  Umea  Lapmark ;  S.  by  Anger- 
mannland,  and  S.  W.  by  Jamtland 

Ascnariga,  t.  Cyprus,  8  m.  E.  Lameca. 

Aserrado,  r.  Cuba,  runs  into  the  Spanish  Main, 
en  the  S.  coast.    Lon.  76°  40'  W.  Lat.  20°  N. 

Asfaca,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran,  100  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Kieh. 

Asfeld-la-Fille,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  Rethel. 
Pop.  1,080.     12  leagues  S.  W.  Mezieres. 

Asfun,  or  Ass-fuun,  city,  Egypt,  the  ancient 
Aphunis,  W.  of  the  Nile,  7  m.  N.  Esne, 

Ash,  or  Esh,  t.  Eng.  5  m.  fr.  Durham.  Pop.  383. 

Ash,  co.N.C.     Pop.  3,694.     Slaves,  147. 

Ashaba,  t.  Syria,  in  the  desert,  150  m.  S.  E. 
Aleppo. 

Ashangee,  lake,  in  Gasta,  Abyssinia,  near  the 
source  of  the  Tacazze. 

Ashantee,  Assente,  or  Asiente,  an  extensive  ter- 
ritory of  W.  Africa,  situated  immediately  behind 
the  states  which  occupy  the  Gold  coast.  This 
kingdom,  the  name  of  which  till  very  lately  had 
scarcely  reached  Europeans,  seems  to  be  indispu- 
tably the  most  powerful,  civilized,  and  commer- 
cial, of  any  on  the  western  coast  of  this  continent. 

Ashawillet.     See  Ashuelot. 

Ashborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Randolph  co.  N.  C.  85 
m.  W.  Raleigh. 

Ashbourne,  t.  Eng.  13  m.  fr.  Derby.   Pop.  2,112. 

Ashburgan,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  45  m.  W.  Balk. 
Lat.  36°  44'  N. 

Ashburnham,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  55  m.  N. 
W.  Boston,  30  N.  Worcester.     Pop.  1,036. 

Ashburton,  t.  Eng.  Devonshire.  Spinning  and 
weaving  are  carried  on  ;  and  there  are  productive 
mines  of  tin  and  copper  in  the  neighbourhood. 
Pop.  3,053.  9  m.  fr.  Totness,  23i  E.  N.  E.  Plym- 
outh. 

Ashby,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  50  m.  N.  W. 
Boston.     Pop,  1,103. 

Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  t.  Eng.  Leicester  co.  Near 
it  is  a  mineral  water  called  Griffydam.  Pop. 
3,141.     12  m.  fr.  Derby,  15  fr.  Leicester. 

Ashdod,  in  Sac.  Geog.  one  of  the  principal 
towns  of  the  Philistines,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the 
M«diterranean,  34  m.  N.  Gaza,  13  S.  Ekron,  and 
34  W.  Jerusalem.  It  was  called  by  the  Greeks, 
Asotus,  and  is  now  Esdud,  or  Atsud. 

Ashdon,  or  Assingdon,  v.  Eng.  Essex  co.  3  m. 
fr.  Saffron- Walden,  45  fr.  London. 

Asheref,  or  Ashraff,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan. 
The  bay,  §  a  mile  from  it,  contains  the  best  har- 
bor on  the  S.  side  of  the  Caspian  sea.  15  m.  from 
Fehrabad,  16  fr.  Sari.  Lon.  53°  32'  E.  Lat.  35° 
62' N. 

Ash/ere.     See  Esfere. 

Ashjicld,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  15  m.  N.  W. 
Northampton.     Pop.  1,809. 

Ashford,  or  Eshford,  t.  Eng.  Kent  co,  12  m.  fr. 
Canterbury,  67  E,  S.  E.  London.    Pop.  1,532. 


Ashford,  t.  Eng,  Derbyshire,  on  the  Wye,  Mar- 
ble is  cut  here,  and  polished  by  machinery.  IJ  m. 
fr.  Bakewell,  154  N.  W.  London. 

Ashford,  p-t.  Windham,  co.  Conn,  31  m.  N.  E. 
Hartford,     Pop.  2,532. 

Ashkdre,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  30  m.  W.  Herat. 

Ashley,  r.  S.  C.  rises  N.  of  Charleston,  and  pass- 
ing along  the  W.  side  of  the  city,  unites  with 
Cooper  river  in  Charleston  harbor,  7  miles  from 
the  ocean. 

Ashmunein.    See  Achmunein. 

Ashmun-tanah,  t.  Egypt,  the  ancient  Thounis, 
on  a  canal  of  the  Nile,  12  m.  E.  Mansora. 

Ashont,  t.  Syria,  25  m.  S.  Tripoh. 

Ashor,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  120  m,  W.  N. 
W,  Meshed, 

Ashover,  t,  Eng,  Derbyshire,  6  m.  fr.  Chester- 
field, 157  fr.  London.     Pop.  2,377. 

Ash-oune-mon-kar,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Al- 
giers, 20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bonjeiah. 

Ashtabula,  co.  the  N.  E.  part  of  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie.     Chief  t.  Jefferson.     Pop.  in  1815,  3,200. 

Ashtabula,  p-t  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  6  m.  N.  Jefferson.     Pop,  210. 

Ashtabula,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  45  m, 
W.Erie. 

Ashton  in  Wakefield,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m. 
fr.  Newton,  195  fr.  London.     Pop.  4,747. 

Ashton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  3  m.  fr.  Chester, 
188  fr.  London. 

Ashton,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.    Pop.  765. 

Ashton,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, xn  New  Cornwall.  Lon.  231°  8'  E.  Lat.  53° 
50' N. 

Ashton-under-Line,  t.  Eng.  on  the  Tame,  in 
Lancashire.  Pop.  of  the  parish,  19,052.  85  m. 
fr.  London. 

Ashtrian,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  20  m.  W,  Samar- 
cand. 

Ashuelot,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Connecticut  at 
Hinsdale,  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  state. 

Ashuk,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Mosul,  on  the  Tigi  isj 
25  m.  E.  Tecrit. 

Ashville,  p-v.  Buncombe  co.  N.  C- 

Ashworth,  t.  Eng,  Lancashire,  9  m,  fr.  Manches- 
ter.    Pop.  261. 

Asi,  r.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  falls 
into  the  Tiber,  near  Orrieto. 

Asia,  one  of  the  grand  divisions  of  the  world, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Frozen  ocean,  E.  by  the  Pa- 
cific, S.  by  the  Indian  ocean ;  on  the  W.  separated 
from  Africa  by  the  Red  sea,  and  from  Europe  by 
the  Archipelago,  the  sea  of  Marmora,  the  Black 
sea,  and  an  imaginary  line  proceeding  thence  to 
the  shores  of  the  Frozen  ocean  between  60°  and 
70°  E.  lon.  It  contains,  according  to  Hassel, 
16,728,002  square  miles. 

The  countries  included  in  it  are  Siberia,  the 
Chinese  empire,  Independent  Tartary,  India,  Per- 
sia, Asiatic  Turkey,  and  Arabia ;  to  which  may- 
be  added  the  islands  constituting  the  empire  of 
Japan,  Borneo,  Sumatra,  Java,  the  Philippine 
islands,  Celebes,  the  Spice  islands,  and  numerous 
others. 

The  prevailing  religions  are  Paganism  and  Ma- 
hometanism.  The  principal  languages  are  the 
Arabic,  Persian,  and  Chinese.  'The  population 
is  variously  estimated  from  250,000,000  to 
600,000,000,  Hassel  makes  it  380,000,000.  The 
Asiatic  governments  are  mostly  despotic  monar- 
chies. 

The  principal  range  of  mountains  is  the  Altay, 
which  in  lengtli  is  inferior  only  to  the  great  Amer- 


A  S  N 


ASP 


6S 


ican  range,  and  Himmaleh  range,  which  is  the 
loftiest  on  the  globe.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Oby,  the  liicei,  and  the  Lena,  which  flow 
into  the  Frozen  ocean;  the  Amour,  the  Hoang-IIo 
Kian-Ku,  and  Japanese,  which  flow  into  the  Pa- 
cific; and  the  Ganges,  Indus,  and  Euphrates, 
which  run  into  the  Indian  ocean. 

Jlsia  Minor,  the  most  western  portion  of  the 
great  continent  of  Asia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Black 
sea ;  E.  by  the  Euphrates ;  W.  by  the  Medi- 
terranean, the  sea  of  Marmora,  and  the  straits  of 
the  Hellespont  and  Bosphorus.  The  whole  coun- 
try is  under  the  Turkish  government,  and  it  is  di- 
vided into  several  provinces,  of  which  Natolia  and 
Caramania  are  the  most  important, 

Asiago,  one  of  the  7  Venetian  communes  in  Up- 
per Italy,  which  belongs  to  Austria.  Tiie  town  of 
Asiago  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  all  the  cojnmunes ; 
has  a  castle,  and  11,000  inhabitants.  20  m.  N. 
Vicenza. 

Asiakurd,  t.  Kurdistan,  25  m.  N.  N.  W.  Van. 
Asiano,  t.  Italy,  in  Vercelli,  4  ra.  S.  Vercelli. 
Jisikala,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland,  33  m.  E.  N.' 
E.  Tavasthuus. 

Asillo,  t.  Peru,  in  Asingara,  on  Lake  Titiaca. 
JVear  it  is  a  lead  mine. 

Asin,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  20  m.  S.  Amasia. 
Asinara,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Sardinia  ;  off" 
which  is  Asinara  island,  10  miles  long,  and  which 
belongs,  under  the  title  of  a  duchy,  to  the  marquis 
of  Mores.  Foundlings  in  the  king  of  Sardinia's 
dominions,  are  sent  to  this  island  to  be  employed 
in  agriculture  and  manufactures.  Lon.  8°  23'  E. 
Lat.  41°  5'  N. 

Asinello,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  Adriatic.  Lon. 
14°  32'  E.  Lat.  42°  10'  N. 
Asir,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  30  m.  S.  Nehavend. 
Aska,  t.  Hind,  in  Cicalo,  36  m.  N.  W.  Ganjam. 
Askmy,  t.  Abascia,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  near 
the  Black  sea,  100  m.  N.  N.  W.  Anakopia.     Lon. 
37°  40'  E.  Lat.  44°  6'  N. 
Askeaton.     See  Askeylon. 
Askelon.     See  Ascalon. 

Asker-Mukrem,  t.  Persia,  in  Kurdistan,  20  m.  S. 
Tostar. 

Askeme,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.  It  has  a 
mineral  well.  7  m.  fr.  Pontefract,  196  fr.  London. 
Askersund,  t.  Sweden,  in  Nerike,  at  the  N.  end 
of  lake  Wetter.  Here  are  fabricated  great  quan- 
tities of  nails.  Lon.  14°  36'  E.  Lat!  5S°  55'  N. 
Askerlon,  t.  Eng.  Cumberland  co,  8  m.  fr.  Car- 
lisle, 312  fr.  London. 

Askeyton,  v.  Ireland,  on  the  Deal,  16  m.  S.  W. 
Limerick. 

Askoe,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Norway.     Lat.  60°  27'  N. 

Askoe,  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  north  coast  of 
Zealand.     Lon.  11°  31'  E.  Lat.  54°  54'  N. 

Askola,  t.  Sweden,  in  Nyland,  10  m.  N.  Borgo, 
Askrigg,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire ,  6  m.  fr.  York. 
Askmth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  fr.  Otley. 
Asian,  V.  Silesia,  in  the  circle  of  Louenberg- 
Bunzlau. 

Asling,  t.  Upper  Carniola,  in  the  circle  of  Lay- 
bach,  16  m.  S.  S.  W.  Clagenfurt. 

Aslonne,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres.  Pop.  2,000. 
9  leagues  W.  Poitiers. 

Asmanabad,  v,  Persia,  in  Mekran,  4  m.  fr.  Huf- 
lur. 

Asmoos,  t.  Switzerland,  canton  of  the  Grisons, 
on  the  Rhine,  opposite  the  pass  of  Luciei^teig. 
Ama.     See  Esne. 


Asna.    See  Houssa. 

Asnabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Dai-ore. 

Asiiaha,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  40  m.  N.  W.  Horr 
riapour. 

Asnik,  t.  Great  Bukliaria,  60  m.  E.  Bulkh. 

Asa,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon,  60  m.  N.  Jeddo. 

Asola,  t.  Upper  Italy,  on  the  Chiese.  Pop.  4,000. 
20  m.  S.  S.  E.  Brescia. 

Asolo,  a  Venetian  prefecture,  in  the  Mark  ol 
Treviso,  Italy,  belonging  iiow  to  the  House  of 
Austria.  It  consists  of  the  town  of  Asolo,  and  36 
villages,  with  25,000  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  3,650.  15  m.  N.  W.  Treviso,  45  N.  E,  Ve- 
rona.    Lon.  11°  53'  E.  Lat.  45°  50'  N. 

Asona,  r.  Italy,  in  the  Marca  d'Ancona,  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  10  m.  S.  E.  Fermo. 

Asonusa,  t.  Japan,  in  Niphon,  85  m.  N.  Jeddcu 

Asoph.     See  Asoph. 

Asoupas,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  62  m.  N.  Shiraz. 

Aspang,  t.  Lower  Austria,  in  the  circle  below 
tlie  forest  of  Vienna,  on  the  Trasenbach,  17  m.  S. 
Ebenfurth. 

Aspas,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  100  m.  N.  W. 
Sundswall.     Lon.  14°  12'  E.  Lat.  63°  20'  N. 

Aspas,  t.  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  45  m.  N.  W.  Ista- 
char. 

Aspe,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the  Elda,  12  m* 
W.  Ah  cant. 

Aspect,  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne.  Pop.  3,22Q. 
19  leagues  S.  W.  Toulouse. 

Asperen,  t.  Holland,  on  the  Linge,  15  m.  S.  Ut- 
recht, 22  E.  Rotterdam. 

Asperg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  district  of  the  Enz, 
near  Stutgard.  It  is  at  the  head  of  a  bailiwick. 
Pop.  in  1806,  1,283.     See  Hohendsperg. 

Aspern,  t.  castle,  and  lordship,  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, in  the  circle  below  the  Mannhartsberg,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Laab. 

Aspern,  t.  Austria,  on  an  arm  of  the  Danube, 
the  N.  side  of  the  river,  below  Vienna  ;  the  scene 
of  a  battle  21st  and  22d  May,  1809,  between  Bo- 
naparte and  the  Austrians. 

Asperskirch,  t.  Austria,  5  m.  S.  E.  Peyerbach. 

Asperstorf,  t.  Austria,  2  m.  N.  E.  Sonneberg. 

Aspeytia,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  on  the  Viola, 
15  m.  S.  St.  Sebastian. 

Aspido,  r.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  Mar- 
ca d'Ancona,  run^  into  the  gulf  of  Venice  near 
Loretto. 

Aspirau,  v.  France,  in  Herault,  7^  leagues  W. 
Montpelier. 

Aspis,  s-p.  Tripoli,  in  Africa.  Lon.  15°  50'  E. 
Lat.  31°  15'  N. 

Asplcy,  V.  Eng.  Bedford  co.  2  m.  N.  Woburn, 
43  fr!  London. 

Aspo&,  Swedish  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  2  m.  S.  W. 
Cai-lscrona. 

Aspra,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
province  of  Sabina. 

Aspremont,  t.  Piedmont.  Pop.  1,300.  2  leagues 
N.  Nice. 

Aspremont,  v.  France,  in  Maese,  4i  m.  S.  E.  St. 
Michael,  8  E.  N.  E.  Bar-sur-Ornain. 

A spres-les- Keynes,  t.  France,  Upper  Alps,  2i 
leagues  N.  Scrres,  6  W.  Gap.     Pop.  900. 

Aspro,  or  Aspro-Potamo,  the  ancient  Acmelous, 
r.  Greece,  runs  into  tlie  Ionian  sea,  28  m.  W.  Le- 
panto. 

Aspronisi,  the  ancient  Therasia,  isl.  in  the 
Greek  archipelago,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Saato- 
riiii.    Lon,  2»°  23'  £.  Lat.  3S°  30'  N. 


06 


ASS 


AST 


Asprospiti,  harbor,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Lirouia,  oil 
the  N.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Lepanto,  10  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Livadia. 

.'ispuU,  t.  Eng;.  Lancashire,  3  ra.  fr.  Wigan. 
Pop.  1,650. 

Jsrail,  isl.  Lake  Menzaleh,  Egypt,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Damietta. 

.■Issa,  t.  Cephalonia,  IG  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cepha- 
lonia. 

^ssab,  isl.  on  tlie  coast  of  Abyssinia.  Lat.  12° 
69' N. 

.^ssam,  or  Asham^  a  country  between  Bengal 
and  Thibet,  intersected  by  the  Brahmapootra, 
and  several  other  rivers;  bounded  N.  by  the 
lofty  mountains  of  Bootan  and  Tliibet,  S.  by  the 
Garrow  mountains,  ^V.  by  Bengal  and  Bisnee, 
and  E.  by  the  tributaries  of  Ava  and  China.  As- 
sam is  an  unhealthy  country,  but  very  fertile,  and 
produces  gold,  ivory,  lac,  pepper,  silk,  and  cotton. 
Its  imports  from  Bengal  are  principally  salt,  va- 
rious European  commodities,  and  a  few  fine  mus- 
lins. The  communication  with  Bengal  is  carried 
on  by  means  of  the  great  ri\'er  Brahmapootra, 
from  which  there  is  an  inland  navigation  in  every 
direction. 

Assan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  40  m.  from 
Diarbekir. 

Assan,  t.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  Lon. 
99°  57  E.  Lat.  3°  5'  N. 

Assarli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  44  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Filippopoli. 
Assaunen,  t.  Prussia,  40  m.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 
Asse,  3  towns  of  France,  dep.  of  the  Sarthe  : 
Asse  le  Beranger,  1  league  E.  Evrou :  Asse,  or 
Aise  le  Boisne,  9  leagues  N.  E.  Le  Mans :  and  As- 
se le  Riboul. 

Asse,  r.  in  the  county  of  Mark,  in  Westphalia, 
runs  into  the  Lippe. 

Asseecoomah,  district  of  Fantce,  on  the  Gold 
coast  of  Africa. 
Asseeyi,  t.  Persia,  in  Lar,  10  m.  N.  Gombroon. 
Assees  Ras,  cape,  near  the  coast  of  Abyssinia. 
Lon,  38°  18'  E.  Lat.  18°  24'  N. 

Asselbif,i.  Ehg.  Yorkshire,  2  m.  fr.  Ilowdcn. 
AsseJheim,  v.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine, 
near  Spires. 

Asseln,  v.  Prussian  county  of  Mark,  bailiwick 
of  Unna,  9  m.  S.  E.  Paderborn. 
.  Absent.     See  Lassam. 
Assem.     See  Ardra. 

Assen,  I.  Holland,  in  Overyssel,  where  the  pro- 
vincial states  were  wont  to  assemble,  on  the  Hoo- 
rendirp.  The  canal  between  it  and  the  Zuyder- 
Zee,  is  about  30  miles  in  length.  11m.  S.  GiX)- 
ningen. 

Assenede,  t.  Netherlands,  1  m.  S,  W.  Sas  van 
Ghent.     Pop.  3,120. 

AssenJieim,  t.  German}-,  in  the  county  of  Upper 
Isenburgh,  in  the  Wetterau,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Nidda  and  Wetter.  It  is  in  the  possession  of  Aus- 
tria. 11  m.  N.  E,  Frankfort  on  the  Maine,  Lon. 
8°  48'  E.  Lat.  50°  19'  N, 

Assens,  bailiwick  and  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Danish  island  of  Funen,  in  the  Little  Belt,  op- 
posite Holst^in, 

Assents.    See  Ashantee. 

Asserigo,  t,  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  7  m.  N. 
E.  Aquila. 

Asses  Ears,  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  Lon.  114° 
7'  E.  Lat.  21°  55'  N. 

Asses  Ears,  2  islands  near  Jnf  an.  Lon.  23^^  23' 
R.  Lat.  32°  2'  N. 

Jhsin^d(r->.     Spr  A$hdM. 


Assuuboiiis,  or  Red  River,  N.  America,  which 
discharges  its  ■w'aters  into  the  S.  W.  side  of  lake 
Winnipcc.  It  divides  at  the  distance  of  about  30 
miles  from  the  lake,  into  two  branches.  The  east- 
ern branch  is  called  Red  river,  and  the  western 
Assiniboins,  Both  are  navigable  for  canoes  to 
their  source,  without  a  fall. 

Assint  Point,  or  Row  Stoir,  cape,  Scotland,  on 
the  W.  coa«t  of  Sutherland  co.  Lon.  5°  18'  W. 
Lat,  58°  13'  N. 

Assist,  t.  Italv,  in  the  pope's  dominions,  duchy 
of  Spoleto,  20  m.  N.  N,  W.  Spoleto, 

Assila,  t.  Japan,  in  Ximo,  22  m,  W.  Mudo. 
Asso,  V,  Upper  Italy,  near  the   source  of  the 
Lambro. 

Assodnagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Beemah,  68  m.  S.  E.  Poonah. 

V  Assomption  River,  Ijower  Canada,  runs  south 
into  the  St.  Lawrence,  15  miles  below  Montreal. 
V Assomption,  v.  on  both  sides  of  the  above  riv- 
er, 10  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Asson,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  with  ex- 
tensive iron  works.     Pop.  2,490.     4  leagues  S.  F^ 
Pau, 
Assonet,  p-v.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  42  m,  9.  Boston. 
Assonne,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  6i  league? 
N.  N,  E.  Niort.     Pop.  2,000, 

Assorick,  t.  Thibet,  60  m,  S.  Gangoutry, 
Assos,  now  Beyram,  s-p.  A,  Turkey,  in  Natolia, 
on  the  gulf  of  Adramitti,  32  m,  W,  Adramitti. 

Assumar,  t,  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  S.  of  Porta- 
legre. 

Assumption,  or  Assongong,  one  of  the  Mari- 
anne, or  Ladrone  islands.  It  is  conical,  rising 
600  feet,  covered  with  lava  from  the  eruptions  of 
a  volcano  in  the  centre,  15  m.  S.  Mang,  or  St. 
Lawrence.     Lon.  140°  55'  E.  Lat.  19°  45'  N. 

Assumption,  p-t.  Lafourche  co.  Louisiana,  91 
ra.  fr.  New  Orleans.     Pop.  2,472. 

Assumption,  or  Assumpcion,  cap.  of  Paraguay, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Paraguay,  18  miles  above 
the  junction  of  the  Pilcomayo.  It  exports  hides, 
tobacco,  and  sugar.  From  Buenos  Ayres  large 
boats  arrive  at  the  city  of  Assumption,  after  two 
or  three  months  passage.  Lon.  59°  35' W.  Ljit. 
24°  47'  S. 

Assumption,  the  name  of  two  rivers  of  Mexico. 
Assungiora,  t.  Eu,  Turkey,  two  days'  journey 
W.  Adrianople,  on  the  Assum, 

Assi/,  t.  France,  in  the  Oise,  3i  leagues  S.Cres- 
py,  17  S.E.  Beauvais. 

Assi/n-Kalesi,  v.  Asia  Minor,  in  Caria,  on  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Jasus.  Lon.  27°  32'  E.  Lat. 
37°  18'  N. 

Assyria,  in  Sac.  Geog.  an  ancient  kingdom  of 
Asia,  It  had  Armenia  N,  Media  and  Persia  E. 
Lusiana  S,  and  the  river  Tigris  W.  Chief  t, 
Nineveh, 

Asta,  t,  Dutch  Guelderland,  4  m,  S,  E,  Culen- 
burg. 

Asia,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor,  16  m.  S.  Currer. 
Asia,  t.  Peru,  in  Lima,  65  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pisco, 
Astabat,  t.  Persian  Armenia,  on  the  Aras,  the 
ancient  Araxes,  20  m.  S.  E.  Nascivan, 

Astafforf,  t.  France,  on  tlie  Gers,  6  leagues  N.  E, 
Condom, 

Astafort,  t.  France,  in  the  Lot  and  Garonne. 
Pop.  4,140, 

Astane,  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  in  Hami,  20  m.  N. 
W,  Hami. 

Astara,  t  Persia,  70  m.  N.  Reshd,  100  E.  Ta- 
briz.    Lon,  49°  E.  Lat.  38°  20'  N. 


AST 


ATA 


67. 


Jlstarukul,  t.  Persia,  in  Sc^stan,  or  SeisiaCj  100 
In.  N.  Zareng,  220  W,  N.  W.  Candahar. 

Astee^  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  50  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Aurungabad. 

Asttn,  V.  Dutch  Brabant.     Pop.  3,280. 

.listerabadj  province,  Persia,  sometimes  included 
in  that  of  Mazanderan,  bounded  W.  by  the  Cas- 
pian sea,  S.  by  mountains,  separating  it  from  Dam- 
gan  and  Bistan,  E.  by  the  58°  of  E.  Ion.  and 
N.  by  the  Ashor.     It  is  the  ancient  Hyrcania. 

Astcrabad,  t.  Persia,  cap.  of  the  above,  on  the 
IS.  R  shore  of  the  Caspian  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Aster,  300  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ispahan.  Lon.  54°  E.  Lat. 
J6°  44'  N. 

Asterwein,  t.  Prussia,  in  Oberland,  6  m.  E.  Os- 
terrod, 

Astery,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  sea  at  Hastings. 

Astesan,  or  Cvunty  of  Asti,  district,  Upper  It- 
Jy,  bounded  W.  by  Chieri  and  Carmagnola,  N. 
by  Vercellois,  E.  by  Vercellois  and  Alexandrine, 
S.  by  Gorzegno.  It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  10 
broad,  and  forms  part  of  the  dominions  of  the 
house  of  Savoy. 

Asti,  cap.  of  Astesan,  in  Upper  Italy,  on  the 
high  road  from  Alessandria  to  Turin,  20  m.  W. 
Alessandria,  24  E.  Turin.     Pop.  22,000. 

Astille,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  3  leagues  S.  W. 
Laval. 

Astley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  fr.  Newton. 
Pop.  1,723. 

Astley  Point,  the  S.  point  at  the  entrance  of 
Holkham  bay,  in  Stephens'  passage,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  226°  35'  E.  Lat. 
57°  39'  N. 

Astomia,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Candia,  12  m.  E. 
Retimo. 

Aston,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  3  m.  fr.  Northwitch. 

Aston,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  10  m. 
S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Aston-Ulthorp,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  4  m. 
i'r.  Wallingford. 

Aston  Whcaton,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  9  m.  fr. 
Wolverhampton. 

Astorga,  t.  Spain,  on  a  river,  17  leagues  from 
Leon.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Lon.  6°  225'  W. 
Lat.  42°  33'  N. 

Astoria,  settlement,  at  the  mouth  of  Columbia 
river,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  estabhshed 
by  the  American  Fur  Company.  It  stands  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  river,  14  miles  from  the  ocean.  Lat. 
46°15'N. 

Astrabad,  point,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  Crimea. 

Astracan,  or  Astrakhan,  province  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  bordering  on  the  Volga,  the  Ural,  and  the 
Caspian  sea. 

Astracan,  cap.  of  the  above  pi-ovince,  on  an 
island  in  the  Volga,  about  52  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  three  miles  in  circumference,  of  very  irregu- 
lar figure,  and  surrounded  by  a  wall.  There  are 
25  Russian  churches  and  2  convents  ;  likewise  a 
church  for  Roman  Catholics  ;  the  Armenians 
also  have  a  metropolitan  church.  Peter  the 
Great  designed  to  make  this  place  a  great  mart  for 
the  produce  of  the  world,  and  its  situation  is  well 
calculated  for  such  a  design,  being  connected  by 
the  Volga  and  a  canal  with  the  Baltic  and  north 
of  Europe ;  by  the  Caspian  with  Persia  and  the 
::Outh  of  Asia,  and  being  near  the  Black  sea, 
through  which  is  a  communication  with  Africa 
and  the  south  of  Europe.  The  population  con- 
.^ists  of  a  mixture  of  Russians,  Armenians, 
Greeks,  Tartars,  Persians,  Jews,  Indians,  English, 
and  French.     The  Tartars  and  Armenians  arf; 


said  to  be  the  most  numerous ;  and  the  total  popu- 
lation is  estimated  at  70,000.  There  are  said  to 
be  50  manufactories  of  silk  in  the  city,  all  in  the 
hands  of  the  Armenians ;  extensive  saltworks  are 
also  carried  on,  and  maimfactures  of  gunpowder. 
Among  the  exports  may  be  enumerated  fish,  pig 
and  bar  iron,  about  40,000  pounds  of  cochineal 
annually,  and  some  indigo;  woollen  and  linen 
cloths,  Russia  leather,  brocades,  taflfetas,  satin, 
and  foreign  velvets.  The  imports  are  raw  and 
spun  cotton,  and  stuffs  of  the  same  material ;  raw 
and  manufactured  silk,  shawls  from  Thibet  and 
Cashmere,  and  some  furs.  There  is  a  considera- 
ble ti-ade  in  jewels;  oriental  turquoises  are  sold 
in  great  number  by  the  Astracan  merchants,  and 
the  Indians  deal  in  rubies  and  emeralds.  The 
chief  traffic  with  Persia  is  carried  on  by  Armeni- 
ans. It  has  suffered  from  conflagrations,  owing  to 
the  combustible  materials  of  Avhich  it  is  composed ; 
but  of  late  years  an  increased  degree  of  attention 
has  been  paid  both  to  its  safety  and  to  its  embel- 
lishment. It  is  a  station  of  the  Scotch  missionary 
society ;  for  which  its  position  is  remarkably  well 
fitted,  being  frequented  by  merchants  from  every 
nation  between  the  Indus  and  the  Black  sea :  by 
meians  of  whom,  copies  of  the  Bible,  books,  and 
tracts  are  sent  to  Bagdat,  Persia,  Bucharia,  and 
even  to  China.  It  contains  prosperous  schools, 
and  a  printing  press,  from  which  were  issued,  in 
a  single  year,  more  than  15,000  copies  of  portions 
of  the  Bible.  330  m.  S.  S.  E.  Saratov,  1,040  S.  S. 
E.  Petersburg.     Lon.  47°  44'  E.    Lat.  46°  21'  N. 

Astrop,  V.  Eng.  Northampton  co.  wiiere  is  a  me- 
dicinal spring,  5  m.  W.  Brackley. 

Asturia,  or  Asturias,  a  principality  in  the  north 
of  Spain,  which  forms  an  imequal  parallelogram. 
Including  Montanas,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  the  bay 
of  Biscay,  E.  by  the  province  of  Biscay,  S.  E.  by 
Old  Castile,  S.  by  Leon,  and  W.  by  Galicia.  It 
is  commonly  divided  into  Asturia  d'Oviedo,  and 
Asturia  de  Santillana,  so  called  from  their  chief 
towns :  Asturia  de  Santillana  is  sometimes  called 
Las  Montanas.  The  whole  principality  is  colder 
than  the  rest  of  Spain,  owing  to  its  lofty  and  steep 
mountains.  The  hills  are  covered  with  excellent 
pastures,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruit  trees.  The 
most  important  occupation  is  the  breeding  of  cat- 
tle, tlie  horses  being  particularly  noted  for  their 
strength.  In  the  interior  are  found  lead,  copper, 
iron,  magnesia,  arsenic,  cobalt,  lapis  lazuli,  alum, 
rock-crystal,  and  diflerent  kinds  of  marble.  A 
considerable  trade  is  carried  on  in  mules  and  salt- 
ed fish:  the  principal  seaport  is  Gijon.  Pop. 
348,000. 

Asu-ad,  t.  Arabia,  28  m.  S.  Saade. 

Asylum,  p-v.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  176  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

Atabulo,  t.  Mexico,  30  m.  N.  Culiacan. 

Atabapu,  r.  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Orinoco. 

Atacama,  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  by 
Arica,  N.  E.  by  Lipes,  S.  E.  by  Salta  and  Tucu- 
man,  S.  by  the  desert  which  separates  it  from  Chi- 
li, and  W.  by  the  Ocean. 

Atacama,  chief  t.  of  the  above,  about  100  miles 
from  the  coast.     Lon.  69°  30'  W.    Lat.  23°  30'  S. 

Atatai/a  de  Alagouta,  t.  Portuguese  Estrema- 
dura,  in  Thomar.  Pop.  1,400.  18  m.  N.W.Lis- 
bon. 

Atalaya  Sortelha,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  13- m. 
N.  E.  C'astel  Branco. 

Atamut,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  40  m.  N.  E.  Casbin 

Atanxiri,  r.  New  Granada,  enters  the  Mota. 

A'aprcrcr^  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  nearB'-rrgo?. 


6d 


A  T  H 


Ataxara,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  12  m.  ti*.  Olita. 

Atbara,  a  pass  over  the  mountain  Atbara,  in 
Geralia,  Abyssinia. 

Atbas,  a  chain  of  mountains  on  the  confines  of 
Yakutsk  in  Siberia. 

•Mtchafalaya,  an  outlet  of  Mississippi  river, 
•which  leaves  the  main  stream  2  miles  below  tlie 
moiith  of  Red  river,  and  running  south,  nearly 
200  miles,  empties  into  Atchafalaya  Bay. 

Atchekatsk,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Black  sea,  15 
m.  S.  W.  Trebisond. 

Atchencoil,  t.  Hind.  50  m.  E.  Travancore. 

Atchinsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tchulim, 
546  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tobolsk.  Lon.  89°36'E.  Lat. 
56°  20'  N. 

Atchirskai,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch, 
28  m.  S.  E.  Omsk. 

Atelluy  t.  Naples,  in  Ba^ilicata,  37  m.  W.  Ma- 
tera. 

Atena,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Citra,  10  m.  W. 
Marsico  Nuovo. 

Afjieh,  t.  Egypt,  on  a  canal  of  the  Nile,  35  m.  S. 
Cairo.     Lon.  31°  8'  E.  Lat.  29°  28'  N. 

Ath,  or  Aeth,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on 
the  Dender,  noted  for  its  manufactures  of  linen. 
It  has  also  bleachfields  and  iron  works,  and  a  con- 
siderable trade.  18  m.  N.  W.  Mons,  25  S.  W. 
Brussels.     Pop.  7,650. 

Aihaboli,  or  Agastoboli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the 
Black  sea,  in  Romania,  68  m.  N.  E.  Adrianople. 

Athapescow,  lake,  in  the  north-west  part  of  N. 
America,  in  59°  N.  lat.  and  110°  W.  Ion.  Its  wa- 
ters flow  through  Slave  river  into  Slave  lake. 

Athboy,  t,  Ireland,  in  Meath,  29  m.  N.  W.  Dub- 
lip. 

Athee,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  on  the  Oudon,  5 
leagues  S.  S.  W.  Lava. 

Athee,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Cher,  3  leagues  S.  W.  Amboise. 

Athelney,  islet,  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  at  the 
junction  of  the  'Thone  and  Parlet,  a  few  miles  be- 
low Taunton. 

Athelstaneford,  v.  Scotland,  Haddington  co.  17 
m.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Atlienah,  t.  'Turkish  Armenj^i,  on  the  Black  sea, 
7  m.  W.  Trebisond. 

AlhenaSf  t.  Egypt,  5  m.  W.  Benisuef. 

Athene,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Citra,  18  m.  N. 
Policastro. 

Athenry,  v.  and  bor.  Ireland,  in  Galway  co.  10 
m.  E.  Galw  ay. 

Athens,  (now called  Serines,)  anciently  the  cap- 
ital of  Attica,  and  the  birth  place  of  the  most 
distinguished  orators,  philosophers,  and  generals 
of  antiquity,  is  now  an  insignificant  town  in  the 
Turkish  province  of  Livadia.  It  stands  on  the 
rivulets  of  Ilissus  and  Cephissus,  a  few  miles  from 
the  wes'ern  shore  of  Attica,  100  m.  N.  E.  Misitra 
(Sparta),  and  above  300  S.  W,  Constantinople. 
There  are  still,  in  the  public  edifices  of  this  city, 
ample  testimonies  of  its  former  grandeur.  The 
relics  of  art  seemhere  indeed  to  have  been  watch- 
ed over  by  a  particular  providence  ;  for  while  the 
ruins  of  Delphos,  Delos,  Olympia,  Argos,  Sparta, 
and  Corinth,  disappoint  the  traveller  by  their  in- 
significance, those  of  Athens  rrmain,  for  the  most 
part,  in  a  state  little  inferior  to  their  original 
splendour.  The  hard  and  stony  soil  on  which  the 
principal  part  of  the  city  was  built,  has  prevent- 
ed any  considerable  sinking  of  the  temples  and 
ether  great  monuments  in  a  lapse  of  more  than 
2000  years.  Add  to  this,  that  a  dry  atmosphere 
has  protected  the  stone  from  corrosion,  an4  pre- 


A  T  I 

served  to  the  work  of  the  architect  and  statuary  all 
their  original  gloss  and  polish.  The  modern  town 
is  a  small  open  place,  with  narrow  and  crooked 
streets.  The  houses  are  mostly  mean  and  strag- 
gling. The  population  is  from  8,000  to  10,000, 
of  whom  one-fourth  are  Turks,  and  the  remain- 
der Greeks.     Lon.  23°  53'  E.  Lat.  38°  2'  N. 

Athens,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  22  m.  N.  E,  Nor- 
ridgewock,  50  N.  Hallowell.     Pop.  374. 

Athens,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  26  m.  S.  E.  Windsor. 
Pop.  478. 

Athens,  p-t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
opposite  Hudson  city,  28  m.  below  Albany.  Pop. 
about  1,000. 

Athens,  p-t.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  tlie  Susquehan- 
nah,  at  the  junction  of  the  Tioga.     Pop.  759. 

Athens,  p-t.  Clarke  co.  Geo.  70  m.  N.  Milledge- 
ville.  Franklin  college  in  this  place,  commenced 
operation  in  1803.  It  has  a  president,  4  profess- 
ors, 2  tutors,  and  about  50  students.  Its  funds  are 
100,000  dollars  in  bank  stock,  and  50,000  acres  of 
land  ;  12,000  dollars  have  been  appropriated  to 
the  purchase  of  a  library  and  philosophical  appar- 
atus. 

Athens,  t.  Limestone  co.  Alabama. 

Athens,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Hockhocking,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Ohio  river.  Chief  t.  Athens. 
Pop.  in  1815,  3,960. 

Athens,  p-t.  and  cap.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Hockhocking,  37  miles  above  its 
confluence  with  the  Ohio,  40  W.  Marietta,  52 
E.  Chillicothe.  The  Ohio  university  is  established 
here.  It  has  funds  in  land  which  yield  an  annu- 
al income  of  2,500  dollars  ;  and  a  spacions  brick 
building,  erected  in  1818. 

Atherjield  Point,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight.     Lon.  1°  13'  W.  Lat.  50°  36'  N. 

Atherstone,  t.  Eng.  Warwickshire,  13  m.  from 
Coventry. 

Atherstone  upon  Stovr,  v.  Eng.  in  Warwick- 
shire, 3m.  S.  Stratford  on  Avon.^ 

Atherton,  or  Chowbent,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire. 
Pop.  3,794.     7  m.  S.  W.  Boston. 

Athie,  or  Athies,  v.  France,  in  Somme,  on  the 
Amignon,  1 1  leagues  E.  Amiens. 

Alhis,  t.  Normandy,  in  Orne,  6  leagues  N.  Dom- 
front.     Pop.  3,350. 

Athlone,  t.  Ireland,  Westmeath  co.  on  the  Shan- 
non, 55  m.  W.  Dublin. 

Athol,  a  mountainous  district  of  Scotland,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Pertlishire,  about  45  miles  long, 
by  40  broad. 

Athol,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass,  71  m.  N.  W. 
Boston,  33  N.  W.  Worcester.     Pop.  1,041. 

Athol,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  65  m.  N.  Albany. 
Pop.  443. 

Alhos,  Mount,  now  called  Monte  Santo,  a  lofty 
mountain  in  Macedonia,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by 
the  gulfs  ofContessa  and  Monte  Santo,  W.  of  fthe 
island  of  Lemnos.  It  is  protected  by  fortifications 
from  the  incursions  of  the  corsairs,  and  inhabited 
by  about  6000  monks,  who  are  chiefly  supported 
by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the  Greek 
Christians  in  Russia,  Wallachia,  Moldavia,  and 
other  countries.     Lon.  24°  30'  E.  Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

A/.hy,  t.  Ireland,  Kildare  co.  intersected  by  the 
BaiTow,  which  is  navigable  here ;  and  the  navi- 
gation is  extended  by  a  canal  to  Dublin.  32  m» 
SrW.  Dublin. 

Alia,  t.  in  the  Arabian  Irak,  70  m.  E.  of  Hama- 
dan. 

Atialis,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon.  50° 
36'  W.  Lat.  0°  5'  S. 


ATT 

Mico,  t.  Peru,  in  Arequipa,  50  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Gamanau 

Atienca,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  20  m.  N.  Si- 
guenca. 

Atiggio,  t.  in  Italy,  12  m.  S.  Camerina. 

Atino,  t  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Bavoro,  10  m.  N. 
Aquino. 

Atipalli,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  8  m.  N.  W.  Oussoor. 

Atkarsk,  t.  Russia,  52  m.  from  Saratov. 

Atkinson,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  24  m.  S.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  556.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Atkinson,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  5'  E.  Lat. 
49°  21' N. 

Alkueri,  t.  Turkish  Armenia.  21  m.  E.  Aghal- 
zighe. 

Atlantic  Ocean,  lies  between  Europe  and  Afri- 
ca, on  the  E.  and  America  on  the  W.  It  is  3,000 
miles  wide. 

Atlas,  chain  of  mountains,  stretching  through 
Barbary,  and  dividing  its  cultivated  territory  from 
the  vast  desert  of  sand  which  fills  the  greater  part 
of  central  and  northern  Africa.  The  part  of  this 
chain  along  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  empire 
of  Morocco,  is  by  far  the  loftiest.  According  to 
repeated  observations,  it  rises  to  upwards  of  13,000 
feet ;  and  its  summits,  even  in  this  tropical  region, 
are  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  As  the  chain 
alters  its  direction,  and  stretches  through  eastern 
Barbary,  it  diminishes  considerably  in  height, 
and  spreads  into  various  branches. 

Atlim,  t.  Siberia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ob.  Lon. 
67°  14'  E.  Lat.  62°  5'  N. 

Allisco,  t.  Mexico,  in  Puebla,  20  m.  S.  W.  La 
Puebla  de  los  Angelos. 

Atolonisco,  t.  Mexico,  in  New  Biscay,  140  m. 
N.  W.  Durango. 

Atooi,  or  Atoway,  one  of  the  larger  Sandwich 
islands,  N.  W.  of  Owhyhee,  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
about  30  miles  in  length.  It  has  a  good  roadstead 
on  the  S.  W.  side,  called  Wymoa.  Pop.  estimated 
at  54,000.  From  the  frequent  visits  of  British 
jliavigators,  some  of  the  natives  can  now  converse 
in  English,  and  several  Europeans  reside  among 
them.     Lon.  159°  40'  W.  Lat.  21°  57'  N. 

Atouguia,  t.  Portugal,  on  the  coast  of  Estrema- 
dura,  3  m.  E.  Peniche.     Pop,  1,300. 

Atoyaque,  r.  Mexico  in  New  Spain,  falls  into  the 
Pacific,  in  18°  N.  Lat.  On  it  is  the  natural  bridge 
Ponti  di  Dio,  over  which  coaches  and  carriages 
conveniently  pass,  100  m.  S.  E.  Mexico, 

Atqitar,  t.  Hind.  10  m.  S.  Timeyrcotta. 

Atrato,  r.  Darien,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Cho- 
co,  andrunning  from  S.  to  N.more  than  95  leagues, 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  Darien  in  Lon.  77°  6.  W.  Lat. 
8°  2'  N. 

Atri,  or  Atria,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  28 
m.  N.  E.  Aquila. 

Atshar,  t.  Little  Bukharia,  80  m.  E.  N.  E.  Ascu. 

Atsion,  V.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  60  m.  S.  E.  Phil- 
adelphia, 

Attacoor,  t.  Hind,  in  tlie  Carnatic,  30  m,  N.  N. 
W.  Vellore. 

Attakapas,  co.  Louisiana,  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
W.  of  the  Atchafalaya.  Chief  t.  Franklin.  Pop. 
7,639;  slaves  3,131. 

Attakapas,  p-t.  Attakapas  district,  Louisiana. 

Attakkeni,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  44  m.  N. 
W.  Eregri. 

Attancala,  t.  Hind.  67  m.  N.  W.  Cape  Comorin. 

Altancourt,  v.  France,  on  the  Blaise,  in  Upper 
Marne,  11  leagues  S.  E.  Chalons-sur-Mame. 

Attanff,  V.  Upper  Egypt,  30  m.  S.  Girge, 


A  V  A 


e9 


Altellura,  or  Af.eUari,  r.  Sicily,  runs  into  the 
Mediterranean,  between  Syracnse  and  Cape  Pas- 
saro. 

Attenagal,  t.  Ceylon,  25  m.  N.  E.  Colombo. 

Attendom,  t.  Westphalia,  45  m.  E.  N.  E,  Co- 
logne. 

Attenhme,  t.  Netherlands,  3  m.  N.  E.  Landen. 

Attercliffe,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  l.V  m.  S.  E.  Shef- 
field.    Pop.  2,673. 

Attersee,  lake,  Austria,  circle  of  Hausruck. 

Attery,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Tamar  near  Laun- 
ceston. 

Attia,  t.  Persia,  in  Seisten,  25  m.  W.  Harra. 

Attica,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  Batavia. 

Attichy,  t.  France,  on  the  Aisne,  in  Oise,  4 
leagues  N.  N.  W.  Soissons. 

Attigny,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Aisne, 

11  leagues  N.  E.  Rheims. 

Attimis,  t.  Italy,  in  theFriuli,  9  m.  N.E.Udina. 
Attleborough,  t.  Eng.  Norfolk  co.     Pop.   1,413. 

12  m.  from  Thetford  and  Norwich. 
Attlebormigh,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  29  m.  S.  W. 

Boston,  9  N.  Providence.     Pop.  2,716. 

Altieborough,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  20  m.  N.  E.  Phil- 
adelphia, 

Attlebury,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  63  m.  S.  Al- 
bany. 

Attack,  or  Attack  Benaras,  t.  and  fort  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Indus,  in  lon.  71°  15'  E.  lat.  33°  6'  N. 

Attoor,  t.  Hind.  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Dindigul. 

Attoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Barramaul,  50  m.  N.  Trichi- 
nopoly. 

Attuie,  t.  Arabia,  76  m.  W.  S.  W.  Saade. 

Attyah,  t.  and  district,  Bengal,  N.  W.  Dacca. 

Atued,  t.  Sweden,  in  East  Gothland,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Lidkoping. 

Atuntash,  1.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  18  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Kutayeh. 

Atunxauxa,  t.  Peru,  70  m.  E.  Lima. 

Atures,  Falls  of,  intlie  Orinoco,  about  100  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Atwater,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuy»hoga  riv- 
er, 15  m.  W.  Ravenna. 

Atwood''s  Keys,  islands  among  the  Bahamas. 
Lon.  73°  40'  W.  Lat.  23°  8'  N. 

Atybach,  v.  Germany,  in  Nassau-Weilburg,  be- 
tween Giesseii  and  Wetzlar.     Pop.  5,000. 

Au,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Iser,  12  m.  N.  W.  Mosburg. 

Au,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  ^the  Danube,  in  the 
quarter  below  the  Muhl ;  another  in  the  quarter 
below  the  Foi'est  of  Vienna ;  also  a  village  in  Sua- 
bia,  on  the  Bregentz. 

Au,  V.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  circle  of  the  Mai^, 
bailiwick  of  llastadt. 

Au,  or  Aubach,  r.  Bavaria,  rises  near  Ober- 
Mennichau,  and  running  through  Thurnau,  joins 
the  Maine  4  miles  below. 

Ava.     See  Birman  Empire. 

Am,  or  Aungiva,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Bir- 
man empire.  It  is  now  deserted,  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment having  been  transferred  to  Umrapora,  4 
miles  distant.     Lat.  21°  51'  N.  Lon.  95°  58'  E. 

Ava,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  12  m,  N,  W. 
Alanieli. 

Aval.     See  Bahhrein  Islands. 

Avalas,  t.  Servia,  12  m.  S.  Belgrade. 

Avalon,  peninsula,  the  S.  E.  corner  of  New- 
foundland, joined  to  the  island  by  a  neck  of  land 
between  Placencia  and  Trinity  bays. 

Avalon,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Cousia, 
Pop.  4,200  ;  20  leagues  W.  Dijon. 

Avar,  Aioar,  or  Oar,  city  of  Russia,  in  the  east- 
em  parts  ofCaucasu?. 


7a 


A  U  B 


A  V  £ 


Axary.^  t  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  12  m.  N. 
£.  Blois. 

Avatscha,  hay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Kamtschatka, 
into  which  the  Avatschka  and  Paratounka  or  II- 
mitsh  empty.  It  is  about  25  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, its  entrance  is  4  miles  long,  and  2  or  3  wide. 
Lon.  158°  49'  E.  Lat.  52°  51'  N. 

Acaux,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Aisne, 
near  Rheims.     Pop.  1,500. 

Aub,  or  Amv,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Gollach,  17  m. 
S.  Wurtzburg. 

Aitdagne,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
Pop.  6,600.     17  leagues  N.  W.  Aix. 

Avhau,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Nismes.    , 

Aube,  r.  France,  rises  in  tlie  department  of  Up- 
per Marne,  and  falls  into  the  Seine,  a  few  miles 
above  Nogent-sur-Seine. 

Atibe,  A  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Marne,  E.  by  Upper  Marne,  S.  E.  by  Cote  d'Or, 
S.  \V.  by  Yonne,  and  N.  W.  by  Seine  and  Marne. 
Pop.  in"l815,  223,819.    The  capital  is  Troyes. 

,Aubel,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  near  Dar- 
thejm.     Pop.  above  3,000. 

Aubenas,  t.  France,  on  tlie  Ardeche,  5  leagues 
S.  W.  Privas.     Pop.  3,315. 

Aubenton,  t.  France,  on  the  Aube,  in  Aisne,  6 
leagues  S.  W.  Rocroy.     Pop.  1,100. 

Auberg,  t.  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  op- 
posite Lintz. 

Auierive,  L  France,  in  Marne,  6^  leagues  E. 
Rheims. 

Auberive,  v.  France,  in  Isere,  17  leagues  W. 
Grenoble  ;  another  in  Upper  Marne,  8  leagues  S. 
Chaumont. 

Auberoche,  v.  France,  in  Dordogne,  6  m.  E. 
Perigueux. 

Aubert  GalUon,  seigniory,  Buckingham  and 
Dorchester  cos.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  Chaudiere, 
55  m.  S.  E.  Quebec. 

Aubeterre,  t.  France,  on  the  Drone,  in  Cha- 
jrente,  9  leagues  S.  Angouleme. 

Aubette,  r.  France,  joins  the  Seine  near  Rouen. 

Auberilliers,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  N.  E.  Paris ; 
another  in  Somme,  5  leagues  S.  E.  Amiens. 

Aubieres,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  1  league 
S.  E.  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Aubiers,t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  16  leagues 
N.  Niort. 

Aubiet,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  9  m.  E.  Auch. 

Aubignac,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  18  leagues  S.  W 
Bourges. 

Aubignan,  t.  France,  5i  leagues  N.E.Avignon. 
Pop.  1,320. 

Aubigne,  t.  France,  5  leagues  from  La  Flechc. 

Aubigny,  or  Avigny,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  on  the 
Nesse,  14  leagues  S.  E.  Orleans.     Pop.  2,550. 
II  Aubigny,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  2  j  leagues 

W.    Arras;    another  in    Loire     and    Cher,    7 
leagues  S.  Orleans. 

Aubin,  t.  Switzerland,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Neufchatel. 

Aubing,  V.  Bavaria,  4  m.  from  Munich. 

Aubondange,  v.  France,  in  Meurthe,  8i  leagues 
N.  E.  Nancy. 

Aubonnc,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  11m.  W.  S. 
W.  Lausanne.     Pop.  1,600. 

Auburn.    See  Albourne. 

Aubunu  p-v.  and  cap.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  in  the 
township  of  Aurelius,  at  the  outlet  of  Owasco  lake, 
170  m.  W.Albany,  on  the  great  western  turnpike. 
Pop.  in  1817,  about  2,000.  It  has  numerous  mills 
and  manufactories,  and  a  state  prison  large  enough 


to  contain  1,000  prisoners.    A  Presbyterian  Tileo 
logical  Seminary  has  been  lately  established  here. 

Aubusson,  t.  France,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Creuse,  16  leagues  S.  E.  Limoges.     Pop.  3,520. 

Auca,  t.  on  the  confines  of  Persia,  170  m.  S.  S< 
W.  Bulkh. 

Auch,  or  Ausch,  t.  France,  in  Gers.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  serge  and  of  the  coarse  woollens 
called  barat ;  also  tanneries.  Pop.  8,800.  16 
leagues  W.  Toulouse. 

Auche-cn-Braye,  v.  France,  Lower  Seine,  2  m. 
E.  Tournay. 

Auchterarder,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perthrhire.  Pop, 
of  the  parish  2,508,     15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Perth. 

Auchtemmchty,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire.  Pop, 
2,403.    9  m.  W.  Cupar. 

Auchy,  t.  France,  on  the  Authie,  in  Pas  de  Ca- 
lais, 8  leagues  S.  E.  MontreuiL    Pop.  2,000. 

Aucland,  Bishops,  t.  Eng.  Durham  co.  Pop. 
1,807.     12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Durham. 

Auckland,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
85  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Auckland,  West,  t.  Eng.  Durham  co. 

Aude,  r.  France,  rises  in  the  eastern  Pyrenee,";, 
empties  N.  E.  of  Narbonne,  into  lake  VendreK.. 
which  communicates  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Avtde,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  E 
by  Herault,  N.  by  Tarn,  E,  by  the  Mediterrane- 
an, S,  by  eastern  Pyrenees,  and  W.  by  Arriege. 
Pop.  240,993.     The  capital  is  Carcassonne. 

Audene,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  30iniles  long  and 
10  broad,  40  m.  from  Norway.     Lat,  60°  12'  N. 
•     Audenge,  t.  France,  7  leagues  W.  S.  W.  Bour- 
deaux. 

Audierne,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,7  leagues  VV, 
Quimper. 

Audbuo^irt,  v.  France,  on  the  Doubs,  4  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Montbelliard. 

Audrieu,  or  Andrieu,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  3 
leagues  W,  Caen, 

Aiidrutck,  t,  France,  4  leagues  S.  E,  Calais. 

Audun-le-Roman,  v.  France,  in  Moselle,  4 
leagues  S.  E.  Longwy. 

Aue,  t.  Saxony,  in  Schwartzenburg,  on  the 
Mulda,  10  m.  S.  E.  Zwickau. 

Aue,  r.  Hanover,  joins  the  Gosche  nearllien- 
worth,  to  form  Medem  river;  another  in  Holstein, 
runs  into  the  Elbe.  It  is  navigable  to  Elmshorn  ; 
another  falls  into  the  Weser  ;  another  falls  into 
the  Seine,  near  Blumenau. 

Ave,  r.  Portugal,  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  N.Oporto. 

Avebury.     See  Abury. 

Avegos,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  1 6  m.  S.  W,  Lamego. 

Avein,  t.  Luxemburg,  6  m.  N.  Rochefort. 

Aieiras  de  Baixas,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura, 
15  m.  S.  W.  Santarem. 

Aveiras  de  Cuina,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura, 
12  m.  S.  W.  Santarem 

Aceiro,  t,  Portugal,  in  Beira.  Pop.  7,000.  33 
m.  S.  Oporto. 

Avelghem,  t.  Netherlands,  near  Courtrai.  Pop. 
3,350. 

Avelim,  t.  Hind,  in  Soonda,  14  m.  S.  Goa. 

Avella,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  15  m.  E. 
Naples. 

Avellino,  t.  Naples,  in  principiito  Ultra,  25  m. 
E,  Naples.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.     Pop,  9,000. 

Aven,  r,  France,  falls  into  the  sea,  S,  E,  Brest. 

Avenay.  t,  France,  in  Marne,  13  m,  W,  N.  W, 
Chalons-sur-Marne. 

Avenches,  or  Wiffiis,  t.  Switzerland,  18  m.  S.  W 
Berne. 


AUG 

-  Ujtier,  r.  Lithuania,  runs  into  the  Aregel,  12  m. 
W.  Insterburg. 

Auerhach,  t.  in  the  Saxon  part  of  Vogtla6d,  60 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Dresden.     Pop.  2,000. 

jivernakoe,  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Fyen.     Lon.  10°  18'  E.  Lat.  55°  2'  N. 

Avemo,  Lago  d\  a  lake  near  Pozzuolo,  in  Terra 
diLavora,  Naples. 

Averon,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  Norway. 
Lat.  63°  6'  N. 

Aversa,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavora,  the  an- 
cient  A tella.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  of  a  royal 
governor,  and  a  judge.  Pop.  13,800.  8  m.  N.  Na- 
ples. 

Autrstadt,  v.  Thuringia,  22  m.  N.  E.  Erfurt,  on 
the  road  to  Leipzig. 

Averto,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near  Friuli. 
Lat.  45°  46'  N. 

Avery,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Avery-  sboro,  p-t  Cumberland  co.  N.  C  on  Cape 
Fear  river,  25  m.  above  FayetteviUe. 

Aues,  isl.  16  leagues  from  the  coast  of  Venezue- 
la.    Lon.  16°  W.  Lat.  1 1°  56'  N- 

Ares,  or  Bird's  Island,  West  Indies,  Lat.  15°  SC 
N.  Lon.  63°  15'  W. 

Avesa,  r.  Italy,  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  near  Ri- 
mini. 

Avesh,  or  Os,  t.  Turkestan,  near  the  Sir,  80  m, 
S.  S.  E.  Andegan. 

Avesnes,  t.  France,  on  the  Hepres,  3  leagues 
from  Maubenge,  in  North.     Pop.  2,700. 

Aveslad,  t.  Sweden,  in  Dalecarlia,  near  Fahlun, 
with  a  copper  refinery,  and  forges  for  copper^  iron, 
and  nails. 

Ai-eurdre,  t.  France,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Allier,  6  leagues  S.  S.  W.  Nevers. 

Aveyro7i,  r.  France,  runs  into  tlie  Tarn,  8  m. 
above  Montauban.  It  is  navigable  to  Negrepelisse. 
Aveyrcyn,  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Cantal,  N.  E.  by  Lozere,  E.  by  Card,  S.  E.  by 
Herault,  S.  Yf.  by  Tarn,  and  W.  by  Lot.  Pop. 
318,047. 

Avezo,  V.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  6  m.  from  Astorga. 
Avessano,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra.     Pop. 
2,700.     6  m.  S.  W.  Celano,  18  S.  Aquila. 

Avffay,  V.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  on  tlie  Seye, 
7  leagues  N.  Rouen. 

Auge,  or  Ange,  v.  France,  in  Deux-Serres,  7 
leagues  S.  E.  Niort. 

Auge,  T.  France,  runs  into  the  Aube,  near  An- 
glure. 

Axigila,  district  and  t.  of  Africa,  on  the  route 
between  Siwah  and  Fezzan,  nominally  sfibject  to 
Tripoli. 

Auglaize,  r.  Ohio,  runs  N.  into  the  Maumee,  at 
Fort  Defiance. 

Augsburg,  city  in  Bavaria,  (formerly  fi;pe  and 
imperial,)  at  the  conflux  of  tlie  Lech  and  Wertach, 
40  m,  N.  W.  Munich.  There  are  here  manufac- 
tures in  silver,  fine  cotton,  wire,  and  tobacco. 
The  engraving  on  copper  affords  support  to  many. 
Another  important  branch  of  traffic  is  bookselling 
and  publishing,  especially  in  Catholic  literature. 
The  celebrated  Augsburg  confession  of  faith  was 
here  presented  by  Luther  and  Melancthon,  in 
1530,  to  tlie  emperor  Charles  V.  and  the  princes 
of  the  empire.  Lon.  10°  53' E.  Lat.  48°  17' N. 
Pop.  30,000. 

Augsburg,  a  secularised  bishopric  of  Germany, 
now  forming  part  of  Bavaria.  It  took  its  name 
from  the  city  of  Augsburg. 

Augst,  or  Kaiser'' s  Augst,  v.  Switzerland,  in  the 
Frickthal,  ca.ntoa  of  Aargati ;  another  opposite  to 


AVI 


71 


it,  beloi^ing  to  the  town  of  Bale,  6  lu.  E.  Bale  ; 
another  in  Zurich,  district  of  Horgen  ;  another  in 
Zurich,  district  of  Knonau. 

Augusta,  t.  Grenville  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

Augusta,  p-t.  and  cap.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  on 
the  Kennebeck,  45  miles  from  its  mouth,  2  N. 
Hallowell,  56  N.  E.  Portland.  The  river  is  nav- 
igable to  this  place  lor  vessels  ef  100  tons.  Pop. 
1,805.  , 

Augusta,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  12  ni.  S.  W.  Uti-   "X 
ca.     Pop.  2,004.  ^} 

Augusta,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  C 

Augusta,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  79  m.  N.  Tren- 
ton. 

Augusta,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Susquehanna,  40  m.   N.  Harrisburg.    a^ 
Pop.  1,373.  o"?^ 

Augusta,  a  centr'al  co.  Va.  Chief  t  StaufaJwiJe. 
Pop.  14,308  ;  slaves  2,880. 

Augusta,  city  9nA  c?i^.  Richmond  co.  Geo.  on 
Savannah  river,  just  below  the  falls  ;  127  miles  N. 
W.  Savannah,  by  land,  340  by  water,  and  86  N. 
E.  Milledj?eville.  Pop.  in  1810,  2,476,  and  in 
1819,  more  than  4,000.  It  is  well  situated  for 
commerce.  Large  quantities  of  cotton  and  other 
produce  are  brought  to  Augusta  from  the  back 
country,  and  carried  down  the  river  to  Savannah. 
Augusta,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bracken  co.  Kentijcky, 
on  the  Ohio,  90  m.  N.  E.  Frankfort,  22  below 
Maysville.     Pop.  255. 

Augusta,  t.  Columbiana  co,  Ohio. 
Augusta  Point,  the  N.  E.  point  of  king  Geot^e 
Ill's  archipelago.    Lon.  225°  10'  E.  Lat.  58°  3'  N. 
Augustana,  t.  Croatia,  12  m.  S.  Agram. 
Augustine,  St.     See  St.  Augustine. 
Augustow,  or  Augustowo,  t.  Poland,  in  Lomza^ 
56  m.  N.  W.  Bielsk.     Pop.  2,000. 
Auhaff,  t.  Austria,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ips. 
Auftausen,  v.  Bavaria,  circle  of  the  Rezat,  on 
the  Wernitz. 

Auhr,  t.  Prussia,  in  Oberland,  5  m.  S.  W.  Leib- 
muhl. 

Aviano,  t.  Italy,  in  Friuli,  28  m.  W.  Udina,  15 
E.  S.  E.  Belluno. 

Avido,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Hellespont,  17  m. 
S.  W.  Lampsaki.     Lon.  26°  28'  E.  Lat.  40°  7'  N. 

Avigliano,  v.  Piedmont,  in  Susa.     Pop.  2,880. 
11  m.  W.  Turin. 
Avigliano,t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  7  m.  E.Otranto. 
Aviglione,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  13m.  W.  Op- 
pido. 

Avignon,  citj',  France,  on  the  Rhone,  capital 
of  the  dep.  of  Vaucleusc,  16  leagues  N.  W.  Aix, 
168  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  4°  53'  E.  Lat.  43°  56'  N. 
It  was  the  scat  of  tlie  popes  from  1307  till  1377, 
and  in  1348,  the  reigning  pope,  ClemetitVI.  bought 
the  sovereignty  of  Avignon  for  80,000  golden  flor- 
ins. Its  formal  cession  by  the  Pope  to  France  was 
stipulated  in  the  treaty  of  Tolentino  on  the  19th 
February  1797.  Avignon  was  formerly  the  seat 
of  an  archbishop  ;  at  present  it  is  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op.    Pop.  23,  211. 

Avignonet,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  8 
leagues  S.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,760. 

Avila,  province,  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  inclosed 
by  those  of  Salamanca,  Valladolid,  Ses:ovia,  and 
Toledo.  Pop.  in  1787,  113,762.  The  chief  town, 
Avilla,  is  on  the  Adaga,  and  was  once  one  of  the 
richest  cities  in  Spain.  Pop.  4,000.  50  m.  N.  W. 
Madrid.     Lon.  5°  W.  Lat.  40°  45'  N. 

Avila,  or  Aviles,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  near  the 
bay  of  Biscay,  15  m.  N.  Oviedo. 


72 


A  V  O 


A  U  R 


^vila  FuentBy  t  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  18  m.  Ir, 
Segovia. 
.'Iviles,  t.  Portugal,  on  the  coast  of  Oporto.    Pop. 
•  2,300. 

jivin,  t.  Hind.  24  m.  N.  E.  Coimbetore. 
jivire,  t  France,  in  Mayenne,  6  leagues  N.  W. 
Angers. 

^vis,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  9  m.  N.  W.  Es- 
tremoz.     Pop.  1,500. 

jivis,  V.  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige,  in  Trent. 
Aciso,  t.  jVaples,  in  Lavora,  6  m.  E.  Sora. 
Avize,  t,  France,  in  the  Gard,  18  m.  S.  Rheims. 
AlUaine,  t.  Fi-ance,  in  Sarthe,  5  leagues  from 
LeMans. 

Aulapaladurgan,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  15  m.  S. 
W.  Dalmacherry. 

Aulas,    t.  France,    in    Gard,   15  leagues  W. 
Nismes. 
Auiaster.     See  Alcester. 

AiUdeam,  v.  Scotland,  Nairn  co.     Pop.  1,406. 
3  m.  S.  E.  Nairn. 

Aulendorf,  t  Suabia,  8  m.  N.  Ravensburg.  Pop. 
1,900. 

Auletta,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Citra,  4  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Cangiano,  32  S.  E.  Salerno. 

Aulnay,  2  towns,  France,  in  Calvados.     Pop.  of 
one  1„500;  of  the  other,  2,000. 

Aulnay,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente.     Pop. 
1,250.     7  leagues  N.  N.  E.  Saintes.— Another  in 
Vienne,  16  leagues  N.  N.  W.  Poitiers. 
Aulona.     See  Valona. 
Aulps,  t.  France,  in  Var.     Pop.  3,000. 
Ault,  s-p.  France,  in  Somme,  6  leagues  W.  Ab- 
beville. 

Auma,  t.  Germany,  belonging  to  Prussia,  44  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Leipsic, 

Aumale,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine.  Pop.  1,720. 
Aumignon,    r.    France,  falls  into  the  Somme 
above  Seronne. 

Aumootina,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  17  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Periapatam. 

Aim,  t.  Persia,  in  Seistan,  130  m.  S.  S.  E.  Za- 
reng, 

Aunay,  v.  France,  in  Nievre,  8i  leagues  E,  N. 
E.  Nevers. 
Aunt,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  sea  near  Plymouth. 
Auneau,  or  Auneaux,  t.  France,  in  Eure  and 
Loire,  5  leagues  E.  Chartres. 

Auneuil,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  2  leagues  S.  W. 
Beauvais.     Pop.  1,080. 

Aunis,  province  of  France,  in  Lower  Charen- 
tes. 

Aunoe,  isl.  Denmark,  off  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Zea- 
land.    Lon.  11°  46'  E.  Lat.  55°  5'  N. 

Auntao,  t.  Chili,  on  the  coast,  200  m.  S.  Val- 
^via.     Lat.  42°  5^  S. 
§  Avogli,  t.  Persia,  in  Azerbijan,  50  m.  S.  E.  Ta; 

bris. 

Avoise,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,   12  m.  from  La 
Fleche. 

Avola,  t.  Sicily,  in  Val  di  Noto,  3  m.  N.  E.  Note. 

Aron,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Spey ;  another 

falls  into  the  Clyde,  near  Hamilton  ;  another  runs 

between  the  counties  of  Stirling  and  Linlithgow, 

into  the  frith  of  Forth,  W.  of  Borrowstounness. 

Avon,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  English  channel. 
The  lower  part  is  navigable  for  large  vessels. 
Another,  runs  into  the  Severn  near  Berkely ;  an- 
other, joins  the  Severn  at  Bristol.  It  is  naviga- 
ble to  Bath;  another,  joins  the  Severn  at  Tewks- 
bury. 
Avon,  r.  Wales,  runs  into  the  Bristol  channel,  6 


m.  S.  Neath ;  another,  flows  into  the  Irish  sea  at 
Barmouth. 

Avon,  r.  Nova  Scotia,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  E- 
of  Halifax. 

Avon,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  W.  Nor- 
ridgewock. 

Avon,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee  river, 
21  m.  W.  Canandaigua.     Pop.  1,880. 

Avostola,  r.  Piedmont,  runs  into  the  Cervo,  2^ 
m.  W.  Buronza. 

Avova,  Cape,  Caramania,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
bay  of  Adalia. 

Avoyelles,  parish,  Louisiana,  S.  of  Red  river. 
Chief  t.  Avoyelles.     Pop.  1,209. 
Avoyelles,  p-t.  Avoyelles  district,  Louisiana. 
Aupach,  r.  Bohemia,  runs  into  the  Eger  near- 
Carlsbad. 

Aupitsbach,  r.  Saxony,  in  Thuringia,  falls  into 
the  Grumbach,  5  m.  E.  Weissenfels. 

Aurach,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Iller,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Bamberg ;  another  in  Wirtemberg,  9  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Wurzach. 

Aurach,  r.  Franconia,  falls  into  the  Regnitz  near 
Erlangen. 

Aurainville,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  6  m.  N. 
Toul. 

Aurajocki,  r.  Finland,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, a  little  below  Abo. 

Auran,  t.  Syria,  60  m.  S.  Damascus. 
Avranches,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  half  a 
league  from  the  sea.     Small  vessels  come  up  the 
river  Seez,  close  to  the  town.     Pop.  6,000.    222 
m.  W.  Paris. 

Auray,  t.  France,  on  the  gulf  of  Morbihan,  4 
leagues  W.  Vannes.     Pop.  3,200. 

Auray,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  English  chan- 
nel.    Lat  47°  34' N. 

Aurbach,  t.  Upper  Palatinate  of  Bavaria,  30 
m.  N.  E.  Nuremberg. 

Aurbach,  r.  Germany,  runs  into  the  Lahn,  2  m. 
above  Nassau. 

Aure,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Eure ;  another, 
joins  the  Drome  below  Bayeux. 

Aurec,  t,  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  9  m.  S.  W. 
St.  Etienne. 

Aurelius,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Cayuga  lake.  Pop.  4,642.  It  contains  three  post 
villages,  Auburn,  Cayuga,  and  Union  Springs. 

Aurelte,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Eure  near 
Bourges. 

Auriac,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  17  m.  ? 
E.  Toulouse. 

Aurich,  cap.  of  the  principality  of  East  Fries - 
land,  in  the  kingdom  of  Haiwver.  Pop.  2,200. 
It  is  connected  by  a  canal  with  Embden.  12  m . 
N.  E.  Embden. 

Auriga,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Valteline,  21  m.  S.  S.W. 
Bormib. 

Aurige,  or  Laurige,  r.  France,  runs  into  the 
Garonne  above  Toulouse. 

Aurignac,  t.  Gascony,  in  Upper  Garonne,  14 
leagues  S.  E.  Touluose. 

Aurigny,  isl.  France,  in  the  English  channel,  20 
m.  N.  Jersey,  7  W.  Cape  La  Hogue. 

Aurillac,  t.  France,  on  the  Jordane,  in  Cantal. 
Pop.  in  1815,  10,332.     Ill  leagues  S.  Paris. 

Aurille,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne-and-Loire,  1 
league  N.  W.  Angers. 

Auriol,  t.  France,  in  MouUis-of-the-Rhone,  5 
leagues  N.  E.  Marseilles.     Pop.  3,700. 

Aw-ipa,  t.  North  Finland,  62  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bior- 
neborg. 


A  U  S 

Aarith,  or  Uhrt,  t.  New  Mark  of  BrandcaLurg, 
■in  the  Oder,  6  m.  S.  Frankfort. 

Auroir,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  7  m.  N.  W.  San- 
coins. 

Aurohmunster,  t.  Upper  Austria,  16  m.  S.  Passau. 

Auron,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Eure  below 
Bourges. 

Auronsa,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Cadorin,  7  m.  N.  Ca- 
dora. 

Aurora,  p-v.  Caynga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga  lake, 
16  m.  S.  W.  Auburn. 

Aurora,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuyahoga  riv- 
er, 10  m.  N.  W.  Ravenna.     Pop.  189. 

Aurora  Islayid,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Lon. 
168°  24'  E.  Lat.  15°  6'  N. 

Auros,  V.  France,  in  Gironde,  12  leagues  S.  E. 
Bourdeaux. 

AurouT,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  7^  leagues  N.  E. 
Mende. 

Aurumoir,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  18  m.  N. 
Jndelovoy. 

Ausa,  r.  Italy,  enters  the  Adriatic  sea  at  Rimini. 

Ausche,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Leutmeritz. 

Aush,  i.  Turkestan,  70  m.  E.  Toncat. 

Auspitz,  t.  Moravia,  circle  of  Brunn.  Pop. 
2,215.     42  m.  S.  S.  W.  Olmutz. 

Aussee,  t.  Inner-Austria,  48  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ju- 
denburg. 

Aussee,  v.  Moravia,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Olmutz. 

Aussergefdd,  t.  Bohemia,  circle  of  Prackatitz, 
6  m.  W.  Winterberg. 

Aussig,  or  Ausli,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  10 
m.  N.  W.  Leutmeritz. 

Auslj  v.  Eng.  Gloucestershire,  on  the  left  side 
■of  the  Severn,  12  m.  fr.  Bristol. 

Aust,  r.  Bavaria,  passes  by  Au,  and  flows  into 
ihe  Danube. 

Austerfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  fr.  Bawtry. 

Auslerlits,  or  Slawkow,  t.  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Brunn,  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Brunn.  Pop.  1,620. 
Near  this  place  a  great  battle  was  fought,  on  the 
2d  December,  1805,  between  the  French  com- 
manded by  Bonaparte,  and  the  united  forces  of 
Austria  and  Russia,  with  their  respective  sove- 
reigns at  their  head.  This  battle  ended  in  the 
total  discomfiture  of  the  Austro-Russian  army. 

Austemld,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  Norway. 
Lat.  60°  2'  N. 

Av^linburg,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand 
river,  3  m.  W.  Jefferson. 

AustinsviUe,  p-t.  Wythe  co.  Va.  on  the  Kenha- 
wa,  284  m.  S.  W.  Richmond. 

Austin'' s  Creek,  Georgia^  runs  into  the  Savan- 
nah, 12  m.  N.  Savannah. 

Austintown,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S. 
Warren.     Pop.  440. 

Austonley,  or  Austenley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorlcshire,  4 
m.  fr.  Huddersfield. 

Australasia,  in  modern  Geography,  the  fifth 
great  division  of  the  globe.  It  includes  the  nu- 
merous islands  which  lie  between  the  limits  of  3° 
N.  and  50°  S.  lat.  and  between  95°  and  185°  E. 
lon.  It  embraces  New  Holland,  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  Papua  or  New  Guinea,  New  Britain,  New 
Ireland,  New  Caledonia,  and  New  Zealand,  to- 
gether with  a  multitude  of  smaller  islands  sur- 
rounding them  in  all  directions. 

Australia  del  Espiritu  Santo.  See  Hebrides, 
JVcw. 

Austria,  circle  of,  the  largest  of  the  ten  circles 
into  which  the  empire  of  Germany  was  divided. 
It  was  bounded  N.  by  Bohemia  and  Moravia ;  E. 
by  Hungary ;  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Venice  and  Italy ; 

10 


A  U  S 


'71i 


and  W.  by  Switzerland  and  Bavaria.  These  lim- 
its  include  all  the  present  dominions  of  Austria 
in  Germany,  except  Bohemia,  Moravia  and  Aus- 
trian Silesia.  This  country  is  now  divided  intc- 
four  parts,  in  reference  to  their  administration,  by 
the  chancery  at  Vienna;  viz.  Lower,  Inner,  and 
Upper  Austria,  and  the  kingdojn  of  lUyria. 

Lower  Austria,  is  divided  into  the  country  be- 
low the  Ens,  and  the  country  above  the  Ens..  The 
country  below  the  Ens  is  subdivided  into  four 
quarters,  viz.  1.  the  quarter  below  the  forest  pf 
Vienna ;  2.  the  quarter  above  the  forest  of  V  ien- 
na:  3.  the  quarter  below  the  Mannhartsberg;  4. 
the  quarter  above  the  Manuhartsberg.  The  coun- 
try above  the  Ens  is  subdivided  into  five  quarters  : 

1.  the  Hausruck  quarter,  or  Hausruck-viertel ; 

2.  Muhl-viertel ;  3.  Traun-viertel ;  4.  Inn-vier- 
tel ;  6.  Saltzburg-viertel.  Lower  Austria  con- 
tains 1,832,405  inhabitants,  of  which  the  part  be- 
low the  Ens  contains  1,032,729,  and  thepai-t  above 
the  Ens  799,676. 

Inner  Austria,  in  the  modern  division  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  corresponds  with  what  was  for- 
merly the  duchy  of  Stiria.  It  is  divided  into  5 
circles,  which  are  named  after  the  principal 
towns:  Judenburg,  Bruck,  Graetz,  Marburg,  and 
Cilley.     It  contains  763,820  inhabitants. 

Upper  Austria,  includes  the  Tyrol,  and  several 
smaller  territories.  It  is  divided  into  7  circles, 
which  are  named  after  the  chief  towns :  Schwartz, 
Imst,  Bregentz,  Botzen,  Bruneck,  Trient,  and 
Roveredo. 

For  the  subdivisions  of  the  kingdom  of  Illyria, 
see  lllyria. 

Austria,  Archduchy  of,  corresponds  nearly  with 
Lower  Austria,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  ar- 
ticle. 

Austria,  Empire  of,  comprehends  not  only  the. 
countries  described  in  the  two  preceding  articles, 
but  all  the  various  states  under  the  dominion  of 
the  imperial  house  of  Austria.  It  is  bounded  N^ 
by  Saxony,  Prussia,  and  Russian  Poland;  E.  by 
Russia  and  Turkey ;  S.  by  Turkey,  the  Gulf  of 
Venice,  and  Middle  Italy ;  W.  by  Piedmont,  Swit- 
zerland, and  Bavaria.  This  empire  is  compara- 
tively of  modern  origin,  and,  at  different  periods, 
has  received  various  important  augmentations. 
It  is  a  combination  of  nations,  varying  in  their  ori- 
gin, languages,  religions,  and  modes  of  life,  yet 
forming  at  the  present  day,  a  firm  and  compact 
body  politic.  The  size  and  population  of  this 
great  monarchy  will  be  best  exhibited  by  the  fol- 
lowing view  of  its  component  parts. 

TABLE    OF    THE    EXTENT   AND    POPULATION    OF 
THE   AUSTRIAN  EMPIRE. 


Countries. 

Sq.  ms. 

Population. 

1.  Lower  Austria, 

15,422 

1,832,405 

2.  Inner  Austria, 

8,778 

763,820 

3.  Upper  Austria, 

12,276 

741,319 

4.  lllyria, 

13,508 

1,060,492 

5.  Bohemia, 

20,922 

3,183,364 

6.  Moravia               ) 

7.  Austrian  Silesia,  \ 

12,122 

1,688,252 

8.  Gov.  of  Milan, 

8,340 

2,082,000 

9.  Gov.  of  Venice, 

9,950 

1,932,000 

10.  Galicia, 

32,521 

3,750,000 

11.  Hungary,            \ 

12.  Transylvania,     / 

about 

about 

13.  Croatia,               > 

14.  Sclavonia,           i 

135,000 

11,000,000 

15.  Dalmatia,           J 

Total  in  round  aumber? 


270,000128,000,000 


74 


A  U  S 


A  W  G 


The  seven  countries  first  named  in  tlie  above  ta- 
ble, constitute  the  German  part  of  the  Austrian 
empire.  The  governments  of  Milan  and  Venice 
are  the  Italian  parts,  and  form  what  is  called  the 
Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom.  Galicia  was  taken 
from  Poland,  and  bears  the  title  of  kingdom  of  Ga- 
licia. 

The  population  is  composed  principally  of  four 
great  races,  in  the  following  order  :  Sclavonians, 
11,750,000,  Germans  5,000,000,  Italians  5,000,000, 
Hungarians  4,200,000.  There  are  besides, 
1,400,000  Wallachians,  420,000  Jews,  and  a  few 
Armenians.  This  po])ulation  occupy  758  cities, 
2,000  market  towns,  67,644  villages,  and  4,192,834 
houses. 

The  annual  revenue  is  estimated  at  about 
60,000,000  dollars.  The  public  debt  before  the 
French  revolution,  was  $90,000,000;  in  1805, 
more  than  $350,000,000;  and  now  more  than 
$650,000,000.  The  army  on  the  peace  estab- 
lishment consists  of  220,000  infantry,  36,000  cav- 
alry, with  about  15,000  artillery.  For  the  pro- 
tection of  trade,  a  few  frigates  and  other  armed 
vessels  are  kept  up  on  the  Adriatic  ;  while  on  the 
Danube,  towards  the  Turkish  frontier,  are  sta- 
tioned the  vesstls  called  tschaiken,  manned  by 
about  1,000  soldiers  and  seamen. 

The  government  is  an  absolute  monarchy.  In 
Hungary,  however,  the  nation  shares  the  legisla- 
tive, and  even  the  executive  power  with  the  em- 
peror ;  the  Tyrolese  possess,  to  a  certain  degree, 
the  same  privileges.  Austrian  Italy,  was  erected 
into  a  kingdom  by  an  edict  of  the  emperor  in  1815, 
and  though  inseparable  from  the  Austrian  empire, 
it  has  a  separate  constitution,  at  the  head  of  which 
is  a  prince  of  the  imperial  family,  with  the  title 
of  Viceroy.  Galicia  bears  the  title  of  kingdom, 
and  is  governed  by  a  Viceroy;  and  in  1817  a 
liberal  constitution  was  published,  and  a  repre- 
sentative government  establislied.  Bohemia  and 
Moravia  have  each  an  assembly  of  states  or  rep- 
jesentatives,  but  their  power  is  merely  nominal. 
The  administration  of  the  whole  empire  centres 
in  Vienna,  and  is  composed  of  a  number  of  boards, 
under  the  name  of  councils,  chanceries,  and  con- 
ferences. In  the  German  diet  or  'confederation 
of  the  sovereigns  and  free  towns  of  Germany,' 
formed  in  1815,  Austria  presides,  and  has  one 
vote.    In  the  general  assembly,  she  has  four  votes. 

The  established  peligion  is  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic ;  but  in  Hungary,  Transylvania,  and  Sclavo- 
tiia,  members  of  the  Protestant  and  Greek  church- 
es have  long  been  settled,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of 
considerable  privileges.  In  fact,  since  the  days 
of  Joseph  II.  free  toleration  is  gi-anted  to  all  sects 
throtighout  the  Austrian  dominions.  The  num- 
ber of  the  various  sects  is  estimated  as  follows: — 
22,000,000  Roman  Catholics,  2,500,000  Greek 
Christians,  2,000,000  Reformed,  1,450,000  Lu- 
therans, 420,000  Jews,  and  42,000  Unitarians. 

In  point  of  literature,  Austria  is  greatly  behind 
the  north  of  Germany.  The  principal  universi- 
ties are  at  Vienna,  Prague,  Freyburg,  Inspruck, 
Lembei^,  Pest,  and  Padua, 

The  principal  manufactures  ai-e  thread,  cotton, 
linen,  lace,  silk  stuffs,  stockings,  spirituous  liquors, 
wrought  iron,  steel,  and  brass,  kitchen  and  farm- 
ing utensils,  glass,  porcelain,  and  earthefn  ware. 
The  foreign  commerce  is  in  a  great  measure  in 
the  hands  of  Greek  merchants.  The  imports 
consist  principally  of  raw  materials,  such  as 
wool,  cotton,  raw  silk,  rice,  oil,  drugs,  spices,  of 
all  which  a  great  part  comes  from  the  Levant. 


Austria,  v.  Italy,  in  Friuli,  near  Aquiieia. 

Amtria,  San  Felippe  de,  city,  S.  America,  48 
m.fr.Cumana.    Lon.  63°  41' V^.    Lat.  10°  31' N. 

Jlulas,  t.  Arabia,  inNedsjed,  65  m.  N.E.  Mecca. 

Autauga,  a  county  in  Alabama,  lately  formed. 

Autenow,  t.  Russia,  in  Kiow,  18  m.  W^.  S.  W. 
Bialacerkier. 

Authie,  V.  France,  runs  into  tlie  English  chan- 
nel. 

Authiouz,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Loire  S.  E. 
Angers. 

Authon,  t.  France,  in  EUre  and  Loire,  11 
leagues  S.  W.  Chartres.  Pop.  1,200.  Another,  4 
leagues  N.  E.  Saintes. 

Autire,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Sevre,  below 
Maillerais. 

Autol,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  3  m.  fr.  Cala- 
horra. 

Aidonne,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Oise  near 
Verberie. 

Autricmirt,  v.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  18  leagues 
N.  E.  Dijon. 

Autry,  t,  France,  in  Ardennes,  12^  leagues  S. 
Mezieres. 

Auiucurrally,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  5  m.  N. 
Umglee. 

Auhm,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and  Loire.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  linen,  blankets,  hosiery,  and 
other  stuffs.    16  leagues  S.  VV.  Dijon.     Pop.  8,000. 

Auvaille,  t.  Netherlands,  14  m.  S.  Liege. 

Aurase,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Missouri. 

Au  Vase,  r.  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Mississippi  55 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  boats  60  miles,  through  a  fine  prairie  coun- 
try. 

Auvergne,  formerly  a  province  of  France.  It 
is  now  included  in  the  departments  of  the  Puy 
de  Dome,  Cantal,  Creuse,  AUier,  and  Upper 
Loire. 

Auvergnie,  t.  Switzerland,  3  m.  S.  Neufchatel. 

Aurillars,  or  AuviUard,  t.  France,  in  Tarne- 
and-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  5  leagues  S.  Agen. 
Pop.  2,000. 

AutnUers-les-Forges,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  6J 
leagues  N.  W.  Mezieres. 

Auwal,  t.  Bohemia,  in  Kaurzim,  2  m.  N.  W. 
Prague. 

Auxerre,  t.  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  the  Yonne.  It  is  on  the  Yonne,  which  affords 
an  easy  communication  with  the  jnetropolis.  1 1 
leagues  S.  S.  E.  Sens,  37  S.  E.  Paris.  Pop, 
11,300. 

Auxon,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  5i  leagues  S.  S.  W. 
Troyes.     Pop.  2,340. 

Auxon,  t.  France,  in  Uppei'  Loire,  12i  leagues 
N.  AV.  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1,500. 

Auxonne,  t.  France,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Saone,  in  Cote  d'Or.  7  leagues  S.  E.  Dijon.  Pop. 
5,280. 

Ausance,  t.  France,  in  Creuse,  11  leagues  E.  S. 
E.  Gueret. 

Ausat,  or  Auzal,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Domf,  3 
leagues  S.  Issoire. 

Ausat,  V.  France,  in  Arriege,  3  leagues  S.  W. 
Tarascon. 

Aua,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  80  m.  S.  Casbin. 

Awakasari,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  15  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Alanieh.  ' 

Awatska.     See  Avatscha. 

Awatti,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  8  m.  S.  E.  Car- 
mulla. 

Awchar,  t.  Persia,  in  Azerbfian,  150  m.  S.  W. 
Tabri.?. 


AYR 

Awccree.     See  Waree. 

Awin,  Ea,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  sea,  7  m.  N, 
.Killebegs. 

AwU.,  r.  Syria,  runs  into  the  Mediterranean 
near  Sidon. 

Ax,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  5  leagues  N.  W.  Ta- 
ra5Con. 

Ax,  or  Axe,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  sea  below  Ax- 
mouth  ;  another  falls  into  the  Bristol  channel  8 
m.  below  Axbridge. 

Axura,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  50  m.  fr.  Gu- 
zel-Hissar. 

Axat,  or  Azat,  t.  France,  on  the  Aude,  25  m.  S. 
Carcassonne. 

Axbridge,  t.  Eng.  Somersetsliire,  on  the  Ax,  8 
m.  above  its  mouth,  17  m.  fr.  Bristol. 

Axel,  t.  Flanders,  27  ra.  W.  Antwerp. 

Axem,  t.  Tyrol,  9  m.  S.  W.  Inspruck. 

Axim,  district,  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Ashantee, 
Africa.  The  Dutch  have  a  fort  on  Cape  Tliree 
Points,  10  leagues  E.  ApoUonia. 

Axiopoli.     See  Rassorat. 

Axminster,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Ax,  26 
m.  fr.  Exmouth.     Pop.  2,387. 

Axmoutfi,  V.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ax. 

Axum,  ancient  capital  of  Abyssinia,  now  in 
rnins,  40  m.  E.  Sire.  Lon.  38°  50'  E.  Lat.  14° 
10'  N. 

Ai/,  t.  France,  5  leagues  S.  Rheims. 

Aij,  or  Palo  Ay.     See  Pnlo  Wai/. 

Ayamonte,  t.  Spain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gua- 
diana,  34  m.  W.  S.  W.  Seville.     Pop.  5,000. 

Ayamontb,  t.  Portugal,  in  Aleutejo,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Minfbrt. 

Ayas,  V.  Caramania,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Scanderon.     Lon.  25°  48'  E.  Lat.  36°  46,'  N. 

Ayash,  v.  on  the  coast  of  Caramania.  Lon.  34° 
12'  E.  Lat.  36°  29'  N. 

Ayawaroo,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  20  m.  W. 
Vellore. 

Aybar,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the  Arragon,  3 
m.  S.  Sanguesa. 

Aycotta,  t.  Hind,  in  Cochin,  3  m.  S.  Cranga- 
nore. 

Aye  Slierri,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  Lapland. 
Lon.  40°  50'  E.  Lat.  69°  50'  N. 

Ayempet,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Tanjore. 

Ayerbe,  or  Ayerve,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees,  32  m.  N.  Saragossa. 

Ayerstoun,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  13  m.  S.  E. 
Burlington. 

Ayguaca,  t.  Peru,  70  m.  N.  E.  Piura. 

Aylesbury,  t.  Eng.  Buckingham  co.  39  m.  W. 
N.  W.  London.     Pop.  3,447. 

Aylesford,  t.  Eng.  Kent  co.  32  m.  E.  London. 

Aylcmouth.     See  'Alnemoulh. 

Aylesham.     See  Alesham. 

Aylets,  p-v.  King  William  co.  Va.  29  m.  N.  E. 
Richmond. 

Aymouth.    See  Eyemmifh. 

Aynac,  v,  France,  in  Lot,  5^  leagues  N.  W.  Fi- 
geac,  11  N.  E.  Cahors. 

Ayoayo,  t.  S.  America,  37  m.  S.  La  Paz. 

Ayora,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  25  m,  W.  St.  Fe- 
lipe. 

Ayr,  maritime  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by 
Renfrewshire,  E.  by  Lanark  and  Dumfries,  S.  by 
Galloway,  and  W.  by  the  Irish  channel  and  frith 
of  Clyde.  Woollen  manufactures  are  established 
in  every  parish  ;  and  the  difTerert  branches  o^ 


A  Z  N 


75 


cotton  manufacture  employ  many  persons.  Ex- 
tensive iron-works  are  erected  at  Muirkirk  and 
Glenbuck,  where  are  inexhaustible  fields  botli  of 
coal,  and  iron  ore.     Pop.  103,954. 

Ayr,  borough,  and  s-p.  Scotland,  cap.  of  Ayr-* 
shire,  75  m.  S.  W.  Edinburg.     Pop.  5,000. 

Ayr  Head,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  4°  40'  W.  Lat.  55°  28'  N. 
Ayraines,  t.  France,  in  Somme. 

AysUngin,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  3  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Dillingen. 

Ayterpilly,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  7  m.  S.  C.olar. 

Aylh,  V.  on  the  coast  of  Abyssinia,  70  m,  S.  ISf. 
Amphila. 

Aylon,  V.  Scotland,  Berwick  co.     Pop.  1,379. 

Aylon,  Great,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorksliire,  3  m.  from 
Stokesley. 

Aylre,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  near  La 
Rochelle. 

Ayutaus,  or  Camanches,  Indians,  8,000  in  num- 
ber, S.  W.  of  the  Missouri. 

Azafi.     See  Saffi. 

Azagra,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre. 

Azambu/eira,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  7  m- 
W.  Santarem. 

Azamor,  port,  Morocco,  on  the  Alorbeya,  80  m. 
N.  Morocco.     Lon.  8°  15'  W.  Lat.  33°  20'  N. 

Azar,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hadramaut,  76  m.  S.  E. 
Amanzirifdin. 

Azaredo,  s-p.  in  the  bay  of  Spiritu  Santo,  Bra- 
zil.    Lon.  40°  10'  W.  Lat.  20°  18'  S. 

Azay,  or  Assaie-le-Rideau,  t.  France,  in  Indre- 
and-Loire,  on  the  Indre,  5  leagues  S.  W.  Tours.. 

Azay,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  9  leagues  W. 
N.  W.  Poitiers. 

Azay-le-Feron,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  10  leagues 
W.  Chateauroux. 

Azay-sur-Cher,  t.  France,  on  the  Cher,  in  In- 
dre-and-Loire,  2i  leagues  E.  S.  E.  Tours. 

Azeemabad.     See  Patna. 

Azeitao,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  5  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Setuval.     Pop.  2,350. 

Azem,  or  Asem.     See  Ardrah. 

Azenay,  t.  France,  in  Vendee,  5  leagues  N.  Ba- 
bies d'Olonne.     Pop.  3,000. 

Azcnighur,  t.  India,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  13° 
10'  E.  Lat.  24°  6'  N. 

Azerailles,  v.  France,  in  Meurthe,  4\  leagues 
S.  E.  Luneville,  10  S.  E.  Nancy. 

Azerbijan,  or  Aderbeitzan,  province,  Persia, 
bounded  E.  by  Ghilan  and  tlie  Caspian  sea,  W. 
by  Kurdistan  and  Armenia.  Tabriz,  or  Tauris, 
is  the  capital. 

Azergue  Bahr-el,  or  Blue  River,  Abyssinia, 
rises  in  Gojam,  passes  through  lake  Dembea,  and 
after  traversing  Abyssinia  and  Sennaar,  falls  into 
the  Nile  above  Gerri. 

Azeuchal,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  16  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Merida. 

Azialcollar,  t.  Spain,  19  m.  N.  W.  Seville. 

Azille,  Azillan,  or  Azillon,  t.  France,  in  Aude, 
near  the  royal  canal,  6^  leagues  W.  Narbonne. 

Azincour,  or  Agincourt,  v.  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  7  m.  N.  Hesdin,  11  E.  Montreuil.  On  its 
plains  Henry  V.  of  England,  gained  a  victory  over 
the  French,  in  1415. 

Azinhago,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  11  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Santarem, 

Azio,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  64  m.  N.  E. 
Lepanto. 

Azmut,  t.  Natolia,  84  m.  S.  E.  Scutari. 

Aznalcar,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  21  m.fr.  Se- 
ville. 


T0 


BAB 


Asogues,  i.  Quito,  10  m.  N.  E.  Cuenza. 

Azoph,  an  inland  sea  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
coivfines  of  Tartary,  communicating  with  the 
Euxine  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  the  straits  of 
Jenicale.     It  is  the  ancient  Palus  Maeotis. 

Azoph,  t.  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  E.  extremity  of 
the  sea  of  Azoph,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Don,  812 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Petersburgh.  Lon.  39°  14'  E.  Lat. 
47°  N. 

Azores,  or  Western  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  be- 
tween 37°  and  40°  N.  lat.  and  25°  and  32°  W. 
lon.  consisting  of  St.  Michael,  St.  Mary,  Tercera, 
Graciosa,  St.  George,  Pico,  and  Fayal,  Corvo  and 
Flores.  They  have  been  at  different  times  laid 
waste  by  earthquakes,  of  which  the  most  formi- 
dable on  record  is  that  of  1591,  which  continued 
12  days,  and  destroyed  entirely  the  flourishing 
town  of  Villa  Franca.  The  soil  is  exceedingly 
fertile  in  vines,  oranges,  and  other  fruits ;  and 


BAB 

considerable  wine  is  exported.  These  islands  be- 
long to  the  Portuguese.  Angra,  the  capital  of 
Tercera,  is  the  seat  of  government, 

Azores,  islands  in  the  Atlantic,  N.  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. 

Azpeytia,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  ontheUrola. 

Azrak,  r.  A.  Turkey,  flows  into  the  Euphrate?^ 
6  m.  N.  E.  Semisat. 

Azuaga,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  9  m.  S.  E 
Llerena. 

Azuchitlau,  t.   New  Spain,  150  m.  W,  Mexico 

Azumar,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  5  m.  W.  ^ 
W.  Aronches. 
'Azurar,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Douro  e  Minho. 
16  m.  S.  W.  Braya. 

Azurara,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  m.  S.  E.  Viseu. 

Azzoglio,  t.  Italy,  in  Masserano,  6  m.  N.  N.  F 
Masserano. 


B 


Eaadstkxj,  or  Badsled,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  Scho- 
aen,  on  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat,  10  m.  N.  Engel- 
hobn,  16  S.  Hehnstadt.  Lon.  12°  45'  E.  Lat.  56° 
28' N. 

Baagoe,  2  small  islands,  Denmark,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, one  between  the  islands  of  Zealand,  Moeu, 
and  Falster.  Lon.  12°  3'  E.  Lat  54°  56'  N. ;  and 
the  other  in  the  Little  Belt.  Lon.  9°  49'  E.  Lat. 
55°  19'  N. 

Baalah,  or  Baalath,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  on  the  borders  of  the  tribe  of  Benja- 
min, CEdled  also  Kirjath-jearim,  which  see. 

Baal-Gad,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Libanus,  on  the  N.  E.  border  of  Palestine. 

Baal-Hazor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  8  m.  N.  E.  Je- 
rusalem, between  Bethel  and  Jericho. 

Baal-Hermon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  part  of  Mount- An- 
tilibanus. 

Baal-Meon,  or  Bclh-Meon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city, 
in  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  in  the  possession  of  the 
Moabites. 

Baal-Perasim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  val- 
ley of  Rephaim,  3  m.  S.  W.  Jerusalem,  where  Da- 
vid routed  the  Philistines. 

BaaPs  River,  in  West  Greenland,  empties  in 
Ion.  50°  10  W.  lat.  64°  SON. 

Baar,  or  Bar,  t.  Switzerland,  2  m.  N.  Zug. 

Bab,  t.  Syria,  25  m.  S,  W.  Bambouch. 

Baba,  district  of  Guayaquil,  in  Quito,  22 
leagues  in  extent.  Cacao  is  its  staple  article  of 
commerce.     Pop.  4,000. 

Baba,  Cape,  on  tlie  N.  coast  of  Natolia,  in  the 
l>iack  sea.     Lon.  31°  51'  E.  Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

Babahoyo,  district,  in  Quito.  Its  capital,  Ba- 
bahoyo,  is  a  great  mart  of  trade.  Lat.  1°  47'  S. 
The  river  Babahoyo  rises  in  the  mountains  of 
Chimbo  and  Riobamba,  and  after  running  24 
leagues,  falls  into  the  Guayaquil. 

Bai/ain,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  90  m.  S.  E.  Ker- 
man ;  another,  in  Khorassan,  60  m.W.  Herat. 

Babanon,  or  Balbanon,  t.  Cambodia,  on  the 
Cambodia.     Lon.  105°  10'  E.  Lat.  12°  17'  N. 

Babein,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  80  m.  S.  E.  Ispahan. 

Babel,    See  Babylon, 


Babel,  t,  Egypt,  on  tlie  Delta,  tlic  ancient  Byb- 
los,  40  m.  N.  Cairo. 

Babelabmmd.     See  Derbend. 

Babelmandel,  Straits  of,  the  entrance  of  the  Red 
sea,  from  the  Indian  ocean,  7  leagues  in  breadth. 

Babelmandel,  isl.  in  the  above  straits,  5  miles  in 
circumference,  barren  and  scarcely  inhabited. 
Lon.  44°  30'  E.  Lat.  44°  28'  N. 

Babelza,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  36  m.  N.  Ou- 
dighir. 

Baben,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  about  18  miles 
long.     Lon.  130°  to  131°  E.  Lat.  7°  41'  S. 

Babenhausen,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  S.  E.  Ulm. 

Bargaum,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  22  m.  N. 
Poonah. 

Babi,  Si  Malu.     See  Pulo  Baby. 

Babi,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near  the  W.  coast 
of  Ceram.     Lon.  128°  3'  E.  Lat.  3°  5'  S. 

Babic,  or  Bababeg,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  at  an 
equal  distance  from  the  cities  of  Kerman,  Shiraz, 
and  Yezd.  Fruit  of  every  kind  grows  here  in 
profusion.     Lon.  54°  18'  E.  Lat.  30°  3'  N. 

Babica,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk,  8  m.  E.  Mozyr. 

Bahin,  t.  Poland,  8  m.  S.  W.  Lublin. 

Babin,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  Galicia,  36  m.  E. 
Belcz. 

Babirumitschi,  t.  Russia,  60  m.  N.  Mohilew, 
308  S.  St.  Petersburg.  Lon.  30°  14'  E.  Lat.  54° 
52' N. 

Babo,  t.  Whydah,  in  Africa,  10  m.  N.  W.  Sabi. 

Baboeuf,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  2  m.  E.  S.  E.  Noy- 
on,  42  N.  E.  Beauvais. 

Babolsca,  t.  Hungary,  22  m.  S.  S.  E.  Canischa. 

Babu,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Siam,  near  the  coast  of 
Cambodia.     Lon.  l03°  48'  E.  Lat  9°  42'  N. 

Babuan,  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago.  Lon. 
120°  30'  E.  Lat  5°  20'  N. 

Babuyanes,  islands  in  the  Pacific,  N.  of  Luzon. 
The  largest  are  Babuan,  Calayan,  Camiguen^ 
Daluspiri,  and  Fuga.  The  chief  products  are 
wax,  ebony,  bananas,  cocoas,  and  plantains.  Lon. 
121°  15'  to  122°  5'  E.  Lat  18°  58'  to  19°  42'  N. 

Babylon,  (in  ancient  geography,)  a  famous  city 
on  the  Euphrates.    It  stood  on  both  sides  of  the 


BAG 


BAD 


ir 


river,  in  the  form  of  a  square,  encompassed  by  a 
wall  60  miles  in  circuit,  87  feet  thick  and  350  high, 
on  which  were  built  316  towers,  or  according  to 
others,  250.  There  were  100  gates,  25  on  each 
side,  all  of  solid  brass.  From  these  ran  25  streets 
crossing  one  another  at  right  angles,  each  150  feet 
wide,  and  15  miles  in  length.  Thus  the  whole 
oity  was  divided  into  676  squares.  The  wall  of 
Babylon  was  accounted  one  of  the  seven  wonders 
of  the  world.  Extensive  ruins  are  now  to  be  seen 
of  this  once  magnificent  city,  about  50  miles  S, 
Bagdad. 

Bacalal,  lake,  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  36  m.  S.  W. 
Vallatlolid. 

Bacalan,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  45  m.  W.  Anderab, 
145  E.  S.  £.  Balk.  Lon.  97°  40'  E.  Lat.  36° 
12'  N. 

Bacano  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lon.  74° 
39'  W.  Lat.  20°  6'  N. 

Baccano,  t.  Italy,  States  of  the  Church,  a  little 
S.  of  Rome. 

Baccanore,  t.  Hind.  14  m.  S.  Barcelore. 

Bacchiglione,  r.  Italy,  loses  itself  in  the  La- 
gunes  of  Venice,  below  Este. 

Baxegotty,  t.  Thibet,  58  m.  N.  N.  W.  Linna- 
gur. 

Bach.     See  Batsch. 

Bachaash,  one  of  the  isls.  of  the  Hebrides,  N.  E. 
of  North  Uist.     Lon.  7°  3'  W.  Lat.  57°  37'  N. 

Bacharach,  t.  Prussian  grand  duchyof  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  23  m.  S.  Coblentz.  Lon.  7°  40'  E. 
Lat.  50°  2' N.     Pop.  1,250 

Baeheldor,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  20  m.  W.  Paris. 

Bachelor'' s-hall,  p-v.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

Bachelors-hall,  p-v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 

Bachelor^ s-retreat,  Tp-v.  Pendleton  co.  S.  C. 

Bachelor''  s  River,  S.America,  runs  into  a  bay  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan. Lon.  of  the  mouth,  73°  52'  W.  Lat.  53° 
38'  N. 

Bachian,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  separated 
by  a  narrow  channel  from  the  island  Gilolo.  Lon. 
127°33'E.  Lat.  1°S. 

Bachink.     See  Cachao. 

Bachmuth,  or  Bakhmoud,  t.  Russia,  104  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Azoph,  and  112  E.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon. 
37°  44'  E.  Lat.  48°  25'  N. 

Bachu.     See  Baku. 

Back,  r.  or  arm  of  Chesapeake  bay,  in  Baltimore 
CO.  Md.  4  m.  E.  of  the  Patapsco. 

Backar,  or  Behkur,  district  Hind,  in  Moultan. 
The  town  is  on  an  island  in  the  Indus,  near  its 
iunction  with  the  Dummoody.  Lon.  70°  2'  E. 
Lat.  28°  31'  N. 

Backergunge,  district  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Ben- 
gal. The  town  is  120  m.  E.  of  Calcutta.  Lon. 
89°  20'  E.  Lat.  22°  42'  N. 

Backnang,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Mur,  12  m.  N. 
E.^tutgard.     Lon.  9°  30'  E.  Lat.  48°  58'  N. 

Baco,  t.  in  Mindoro,  one  of  the  Philippine 
islands.     Lon.  121°  5'  E.  Lat.  13°  18'  N. 

Bacon-castle,  p-v.  Surry  co.  Va.  74  m.  S.  E. 
Richmond. 

Bacono,  r.  Caraccas,  rises  near  the  city  ofTrux- 
illo,  and  serves  as  a  boundary  between  the  prov- 
inces of  Varinas  and  Venezuela. 

Bacon's  Island,  in  the  Chinese  sea.  Lon.  113° 
5' E.  Lat.  11°  13' N. 

Bacras,  t.  Africa,  25  m.  E.  Sennaar. 

Bacre,  v.  Sierra  Leone.  Lon.  12°  11'  W.  Lat. 
8°  40'  N. 

Bactriani,  t.  Asia,  in  Georgia,  60  m.  N.  Tefli?. 


Badagis,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  40  m.  N.  Fu- 
sheng. 

Badajoz,  t.  Spain,  capital  of  Estremadura, 
on  the  Guadiana.  It  is  an  important  barrier  fortress 
on  the  side  of  Portugal.  It  was  taken  by  storm  by 
the  British  under  lord  Wellington,  after  a  memo- 
rable conflict,  on  the  6th  of  April,  1812.  Pop. 
14,500.  82  m.  N.  N.  W.  Seville,  49  S.  Alcantara. 
Lon.  6°  47'  W.  Lat.  38°  49'  N. 

Badaksham,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  150  m.  E. 
Bulkh.     Lon.  68°  5b'  E.  Lat.  37°  20'  N. 

Badalona,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Barcelona. 

Badanacoupy,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  28  m.  S.  Se- 
ringapatam. 

Badar,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapour,  on  the  river  Krish- 
na, 30  m.  S.  Mijee.  Lon.  75°  32'  E.Lat.  16°40'N. 

Badasky,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Angara,  80  m.  IN.  N. 
W.  Irkutzk. 

Baddammy,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapour,  80  m.  S.  E. 
Merritch.     Lon.  74°  54'  E.  Lat.  16°  6'  N. 

Baden,  formerly  a  margraviate  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Suabia,  extending  along  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  now  forming  the  most  important  part 
of  the  grand  duchy.  It  was  made  up  of  Baden- 
Baden  and  Baden-Durlach. 

Baden,  a  gi-and  duchy  of  Germany,  bounded  S. 
by  Switzerland  and  the  lake  of  Constance,  E.  by 
Wirtemberg,  N.  by  Bavaria  and  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
and  W.  by  tlie  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  and 
the  French  departments  of  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Rhine.     It  is  divided  into  ten  circles  : 

Circles.  Chief  towns 

The  Lake  (Seekreis.)  Constance. 

The  Danube.  Villingen. 

The  Weisen.  Lorrach. 

The  Treisam.  Freyburg. 

The  Kinzig.  OfTenburg. 

The  Murg.  Rastadt. 

The  Pfuiz  and  Enz.  Durlach. 

The  Neckar.  Heidelberg. 

The  Odenwald.  Mosbach. 

The  Main  and  Tauber.  Wertheim. 

The  grand  dulce  has  the  designation  of '  Royal 
Highness  ;'  his  residence  and  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment is  at  Carlsruhe.  The  grand  duchy  contains 
5,632  square  miles,  and  924,307  inhabitants.  Rev- 
enue about  600,000  /.  The  grand  duke  and  most 
of  his  subjects  are  Lutherans. 

Baden,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Ba- 
den, in  the  circle  of  the  Murg,  celebrated  for  its 
mineral  waters.  22  m.  N.  E.  Strasburg,  36  W. 
Stutgard,  and  40  S.  S.  W.  Heidelberg.  Lon.  8° 
18'  E.  Lat.  48°  46'  N.     Pop.  2,000 

Baden,  a  district  of  Switzerland,  formerly  an 
independent  canton,  but  now  united  to  that  of 
Aargau. 

Baden,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  Linunat,  at  the 
head  of  the  above  district ;  celebrated  forits  warm 
baths.     14  m.  N.  W.  Zurich,  27  S.  E.  Bale. 

Baden,  t.  Lower  Austria,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Vien- 
na ;  celebrated  for  its  warm  baths. 

Badenally,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  21  m.  S.  Sering- 
apatam. 

Badgvm,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Oudighir. 

Badia,  La,  t.  Italy  on  the  Adige,  5  m.  from  Leg- 
nano,  15  W.  S.  W.  Rovigo. 

Badingen,  v.  Prussian  states.  Middle  Mark  of 
Brandenburg,  7  m.  VV.  Stendal. 

Badou,  V.  on  the  slave  coast  of  Africa.  10  m.  N, 
W.  Grand  Sestre. 


78 


BAG 


BAH 


Badntckilhan,  or  the  Sacred  Mountain,  t.  Hind, 
in  Golconda,  on  the  Godavery.  Here  is  apagoda 
of  great  celebrity.  72  m.  N.  W.  Rajamundry,  130 
E.  Hydrabad,  134  from  Vizagapatam. 

Bardrmvly,  t.  Hind.  inGuzerat,  16  m.  E.  Surat. 

Badruck.     See  Buddaruck. 

Badulalo,  i.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  14  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Squillace, 

Badulc,  t.  Ceylon,  54  m.  S.  E.  Candy. 

Badush,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  10  m.  N.  Mosul. 

Baedoo,  an  extensive  kingdom  of  Central  Afri- 
ca, S.  of  Tombuctoo,  and  E.  of  Bambarca. 

Baena,  or  Vaena,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  18  m. 
E.  S.E.  Cordova.     Pop.  4,800. 

Baerwalde,t.  Prussian  states,  New  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Custrin,  42  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Berlin.. 

Baet.     See  Bate. 

Baeza,  orBaeca,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  6  leagues 
from  Jaen,  70  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cordova.  Lon.  3°  35' 
W.  Lat.  38°  4'  N.     Pop.  1 5,000. 

Baffa,  or  Bofo,  s-p.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  coast. 
Lon.  8°  52'  W.  Lat.  5°  10'  N. 

Baffa,  s-p.  of  Cyprus,  on  the  W.  coast.  It  has 
a  small  harbour,  now  ehoaked  up  with  sand,  and 
is  the  most  dangerous  port  of  the  island.  Numer- 
ous ruins  and  antiquities  are  dispersed  in  the  vi- 
cinity.    Lon.  32°  18'  E.  Lat  34°  48'  N. 

Baffin's  Bay,  the  most  northern  guli'  or  bay 
that  has  yet  been  discovered  in  North  America. 
It  extends  beyond  the  78th  degree  of  N.  lat.  and 
communicates  with  the  Atlantic  ocean  through 
Davis's  Straits.  On  the  W.  side  of  this  bay,  in  lat. 
74°  is  Lancaster's  Sound,  through  which  Lieut. 
Parry,  in  the  summers  of  1819  and  1820,  discover- 
ed a  passage  into  the  polar  sea.  He  penetrated  as 
far  as  the  longitude  of  113°  47'  W.  from  Green- 
wich, between  the  parallels  of  74°  and  75°  N.  lat. 
where  his  further  progress  was  arrested  by  the  ice. 

Bafrush.     See  Balfrosh. 

Baga,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  tlie  Llobregat, 
16  m.  N.  E.  Solsona. 

Baga  Rey,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  E. 
Luzon. 

Bagaduce  Point,  cape  in  Penobscot  bay,  Maine. 

Bagalaen,  district  in  the  S.  of  Java,  near  its 
centre. 

Bagazied.     See  Bayazid. 

Bagdad,  a  city  of  Asia,  on  the  Tigris,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  Turkish  provinces  of  Bagdad.  For  more 
than  500  years  it  was  the  city  of  the  caliphs,  and 
the  capital  of  the  Moslem  empire,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  populous  and  splendid  cities  of  the  world ; 
but  it  now  retains  very  little  of  its  ancient  splen- 
dor. It  is  a  city  of  great  trade,  and  a  noted  em- 
porium for  the  products  of  Arabia,  India,  and  Per- 
sia, as  well  as  for  many  European  manufactures. 
It  supplier  all  Asia  Minor,  Syria,  and  part  of  Eu- 
rope, with  Indian  commodities,  which  are  import- 
ed at  Bassora,  and  being  brought  up  the  Tigris  in 
l)oats,  are  transj:iorted  in  caravans  to  Tocat,  Con- 
stantinople, Aleppo,  Damascus,  and  the  western 
parts  of  Persia.  The  population  is  about  60,000, 
and  is  composed  of  Turks,  who  constitute  three- 
fourths  of  the  whole,  of  Persians,  Jews,  and  a 
small  proportion  of  Christians.  210  m.  S.  Mosul, 
300  N.  N.  W.  Bassora.  Lon.  44°  24'  E.  Lat.  33° 
20'  N. 

Bagendon,  v.  Eng.  Gloucestershire,  3  m.  N. 
Cirencester. 

Baggai,  t.  Algier<',  anciently  Bog-ff*?.  48  m.  S.  S 
T.,  Constaxitinti, 


BaghiUtn,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  GO  m.  N.  E- 
Herat. 

Baghwan,  or  Bunkar,  v.  Persia,  in  Beloochis- 
tan,  10  m.  from  Khozdar.  Lon.  66°  35'  E.  Lat. 
28°  3' N. 

Bagjoura,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  between  the  Nile 
and  Farshout. 

Bagna,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  on  the  Orko- 
luka,  20  m.  N.  E.  Parakia. 

Bagna  Caval/o,  t.  Italy,  States  of  the  Church, 
on  the  Seno,  24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ferrara. 

Bagna  di  Acqua,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany  ;  celebra- 
ted for  its  warm  baths.     15  m.  E.  Leghorn. 

Baguagar.     See  Hyderabad. 

Bagruija,  t.  Italy,  Ecclesiastical  states,  1  m.  S. 
Vitebo. 

Bagnara,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra.  Pop. 
5,000.     14  m.  W.  Oppido. 

Bagnarea,  t.  Italy,  States  of  the  Church,  5  m- 
S.  Orvieto,  12  N.  Viterbo. 

Bagnercs  de  Campan,  or  en  Bigorre,  t.  France, 
in  Upper  Pyrenees,  on  the  Adour,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  6,000.  Its  hot  mineral 
springs  are  no  less  than  32  in  number,  and  are 
much  frequented.  11  m.  S.  Tarbes,  450  S.  S.  W. 
Paris. 

Bagneres  de  Lucho7i,  i.  France,  in  Upper  Ga- 
ronne,  60  m.  S.  W.  Toulouse.     Pop,  1,260. 

Bagni  della  Poretta,  v.  Italy,  18  m.  S.  Bologna. 

Bagno,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  28  m.  N.  E,  Flo- 
rence. 

Bagnolo,  t.  Italy,  territory  of  Venice,  8  m.  ?. 
Brescia. 

Bagno/o,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Ultra,  12  m 
W.  Conza. 

Bagnols,  't.  France,  in  Gard,  22  m.  N.  E 
Nismes.     Pop.  4,800. 

Bagnouangy.     See  Banyouangy. 

Bagolino,  t.  Italy,  territory  of  Venice,  24  m.  N. 
Brescia.     Pop.  3,600. 

Bagones,  r.  Brazil,  enters  the  sea  near  Cape 
Frio,  in  lat.  22°  5'  S. 

Bagonguenou,  2  of  the  Lacadive  islands.  Lon. 
71°  56' E.  Lat.  11°  N. 

Bagroo,  r.  W.  Africa,  flills  into  the  sea  near  the 
Mesurado. 

Bahama,  Great,  Island  of,  one  of  the  Bahamas^ 
63  miles  long  and  ab.out  9  broad  ;  57  miles  from 
the  coast  of  E.  Florida.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well 
watered,  and  the  climate  pleasant,  but  the  island 
is  almost  uninhabited.  Lon.  78°  10'  to  80°  24'  W. 
Lat.  26°  40'  to  27°  5'  N. 

Bahama  Channel,  or  Gulf  of  Florida,  the  narrov 
sea  between  the  coast  of  America  and  the  Baha- 
ma islands,  135  miles  long  and  46  broad.  The 
currents  here  are  most  violent,  and  vessels  are 
frequently  wrecked  in  passing  through  this  strait. 

Bahama  Bank,  Great,  a  sand  bank  extending 
from  near  the  island  of  Cuba,  lat.  22°  20'  to  the 
Baliama  islands,  lat.  26°  15'  N.  A  smaller  bank 
of  this  name,  lies  N.  of  the  island  of  Bahama. 

Bahamas,  or  Lucayos  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  opposite  the  coast  of  Florida,  lying  N.  of 
Cuba  and  St.  Domingo,  between  21°  and  28°  N. 
lat.  and  71°  and  81°  W.  lon.  They  have  been 
estimated  at  500,  but  of  these  a  great  proportion 
are  nothing  more  than  cliffs  and  rocks.  The  prin- 
cipal are  Bahama,  Eleuthera,  Exuma,  Provi- 
dence, and  Guanahani,  or  St.  Salvador,  and 
Turk's  Island.  The  climate  is  in  general  salu- 
brious. Pop.  in  1803.14,318,  including  11,395 
blacks. 


B  A  I 

Bahai;  a  populous  province  in  Hindostan,  be- 
rAveen  22°  and  27"  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Nepaul, 
3.  by  Berar,  W.  by  Oude,  and  the  Mahratta  do- 
minions, and  E.  by  Bengal.  It  is  computed  to 
contain  26,000  square  miles,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  fertile  and  highly  cultivated  districts  in  In- 
dia, yielding  every  kind  of  grain,  sugar,  tobacco, 
cotton,  opium,  and  saltpetre.  It  is  divided  into 
seven  collectorships,  in  each  of  which  is  fixed  an 
English  judge  and  magistrate.  Its  capital  is  Pat- 
na. 

Bahar,  t.  Hind.  35  m.  S.  E.  Patna,  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Magadha,  but  now  fallen 
to  decay.     Lou.  85°  37'  E.  Lat.  25°  13'  N. 

Bahar,  or  Bazer,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman.  40  m.  S. 
E.  Sergiau. 

Baharbund,  district,  Bengal,  W.  of  Brahma- 
pootra river.    Its  chief  town  is  Oliapore. 

Bahar  Caramorty  or  Lake  of  Antioch,  Syria, 
through  which  passes  the  river  Orontes.  27  m. 
N.  E.  Antioch. 

Bahbeil,  or  Balbeit,  t.  in  the  Delta  of  Egypt, 
where  are  the  ruins  of  a  magnificent  marble  tem- 
ple.    7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mansora. 

Bahhrtin,  a  cluster  of  Islands  on  the  S.  W.  side 
of  the  Persian  gulf,  near  the  coast  of  Arabia,  The 
principal,  named  Bahhrein,  lies  about  15  miles 
from  the  coast,  in  lat,  26°  45'  N.  A  pearl  fishery, 
the  richest  and  most  productive  in  the  world,  is 
conducted  on  an  extensive  scale  at  these  islands. 

Bahia  das  Aldeas,  bay,  W.  Africa.  Lat.  15° 
50'  S. 

Bahia  Farta,  bay,  Africa,  10  m.  S.  Benguela. 

Bahia  de  Chetumel,  or  Hanover  bay,  on  the  E. 
side  ol'  Yucatan,  in  the  sea  of  Honduras, 

Bahia,  Honda,  port,  Cuba,  on  the  N.  side,  with 
anchorage  in  4  and  5  fathoms.  Lou.  83°  6'  W, 
Lat.  22°  58'  N. 

Bahia  Longa,  bay,  West  Africa.  Lat.  10° 
46'  S. 

Bahia  de  Todos  Santos,  province,  Brazil,  on  a 
capacious  bay  of  the  same  name.  Its  capital  is  St. 
Salvador.  It  extends  along  the  coast  N.  to  the 
river  St.  Francisco,  in  lat,  1 1°  S. 

fiahia.  City  of.     See  St.  Salvadur. 

Bahira,  or  Rif,  the  Arabian  name  of  the  Delta 
of  Egypt  ,and  the  adjoining  districts,  east  and  west, 
on  the  Mediterranean. 

Bahooan,  isl,  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago.  Lon. 
120°  58'  E.  Lat.  6°  9'  N. 

Bahoor,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Canjatic,  8  m.  S.  Pon- 
dicherry, 

Bahrabad,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan.  10  m.  N. 
Sebsvar. 

Bahurim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  the  Benjamites, 
N.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Baja,  or  Bains,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro, 
on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Baice,  in  a  bay  of  thegulf 
of  Naples.     11  m,  W,  Naples. 

Bajador  Cap,e,  the  W.  extremity  of  Luzon.  Lon. 
120°40'E.  Lat.  18°40'N. 

Bajapour,  t.  Hind,  in  Baglana,  on  the  Goda- 
very,  20  m.  E.  Bahbelgong. 

Baias,  or  Baie,  t.  Syria,  at  the  N.  E.  corner  of 
the  bay  of  Alexandretta,  supposed  to  be  the  an- 
cient Issus  in  Cilicia ;  16  m.  from  Alexandretta. 

Bajazid.    See  Bayazid. 

Baibachta,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Irtisch,  72  m.  N. 
W.  Tara, 

Baicha,  2  rivers  of  Siberia,  flowing  into  the 
Turuchan,  32  and  56  m.  N.  W.  Turuchansk. 

Baideh,  valley,  Egypt,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
tvhich  is  the  citv  of  Suez. 


B  A  K 


79 


Bajith,  in  S,ac.  Geog,     See  Baal-meon. 

Baikal,  a  lake  of  Siberia,  in  Irkutsk,  366  mileS 
long  from  S.  W.  to  N,  E.  and  from  20  to  53  broad. 
This  lalce  is  navigated  by  the  Russians  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  on  their  commerce  with  Chi- 
na.    Lon.  104°  to  110°  E.  Lat.  52°  to  55°  41'  N. 

Baikalova,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolhyvaae,  112  S.  S.  E. 
Abakansk. 

Bailan,  v.  Syria,  on  a  steep  declivity  of  two 
mountains,  9  m.  E,  Alexandretta,  20  N,  Antioch. 
Hither  the  Europeans  resident  at  Alexandretta  re- 
sort duriiig  summer  heats,  for  the  salubrity  of  the 
air. 

Bailden,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.  Pop.  2,073.  3  m. 
N,  Bradford. 

Bailieborough,  t.  Ireland,  Cavan  co.  There 
is  a  pool  on  tlie  top  of  a  neighbouring  hill,  celebra- 
ted for  its  efiicacy  in  scorbutic  cases.  14  m.  S.  E, 
Cavan,  43  N.W.  Dublin. 

Baillee,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  43  ra.  N.  E. 
Cliateaugontier,  18  m.  S.  E.  Laval. 

BaiUeul,  or  Belle,  t.  J'rance,  on  the  Lys.  Pop. 
9,000.  Large  quantities  of  thread,  lace,  and  wool- 
lea  stuffs^are  manufactured  here.  13  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Lille  ;  one  in  La  Manche  ;  one  in  Main-and- 
Loire  ;  one  in  Oise,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Clermont ; 
another  in  Ome,  5  m,  N,  Argentan  ;  another  in 
Sarthe,  5  m.  N.  W.  La  Fleche. 

Bain,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,  16  m.  S. 
Rennes,  24  S.  W,  Vitre,     Pop.  3,450.  - 

Bainbridge,  or  Jericho,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  S.  Norwich.     Pop.  1,608. 

Bainbridge,  p-t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Chilicothe.  It  contains  about  25  houses,  a  forge, 
and  other  mills. 

Bainbridge,  Port,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon,  212°  9i'  E.  Lat.  59°  55'  N. 

Bainetle,  v.  Piedmont,  6  m.  S.  E.  Coni,  8  W. 
S.  W.  Mondovi. 

Bains,  v.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyreneies,  15  m. 
S.  W.  Perpignan.  Pop.  1,800  ;  another  in  Vosges. 

Baiode  Comboi,  isl.  in  the  Caribbean  sea.  Lon. 
77°  36'  W.  Lat.  15°  26'  N. 

Baio  JVuevo,  isl.  in  the  Caribbeaji  sea.  Lon. 
78°  36'  W.  Lat.  15°  54'  N. 

Bajolis  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Minorca. 
Lon.  3°  44'  E.  Lat.  40°  3'  N. 

Baird''s forge,  p-v.  Burke  co.  N.  C. 

Baird'' s-tavern,  p-t.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 

Bairdsloivn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Nelson  co.  Kentucky, 
35  m.  S.  W.  Frankfort,  on  a  branch  of  Salt  river. 
Pop.  821.     It  has  a  stone  courthouse  and  jail,  a 
church,  and  a  market-house. 
Baira.     See  Beira. 

Bajonu,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lon, 
39°  E.  Lai.  15°  15'  S. 

Bairout,  or  Bayreuth,  s-p.  Syria,  in  the  pacha- 
lic  of  Acre.  There  was  formerly  a  harbour  here 
which  is  now  choaked  up  with  sand  and  rubbish. 
This  place  is  an  emporium  to  which  the  Druses 
and  Maronites  send  corn,  raw  silk,  and  other  pro- 
ducts, and  iu  return  receive  rice,  tobacco,  coffee, 
and  specie.  Lon.  35°  32'  E.  Lat.  33°  45'  N.  Pop. 
7  or  8,000. 

Baise,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Garonne,  near 
Aiguillon. 

Baitsida,  t.  Palestine,  the  ancient  Bethsaida,  2 
m.  from  the  lake  Tiberias,  22  m.  E.  Acre. 

Baix,  t.  Fi-ance,  with  300  houses,  8  m.  E.  May- 
enne ;  another  in  Upper  Loire,  near  the  Rhone, 
10  m.  N.  Viviers. 

Baker,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Kile,  27  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Dongola. 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


Baker  Mount,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  238°  20'  E.  Lat.  48°  39'  N. 

Bakergan,  t.  Asia,  in  Karasm,  on  the  Jihon, 
115  m.S.  E.  Urkonge. 

Baker'' s  falls,  N.  Y.  in  the  Hudson,  at  the  bend, 
1  m.  above  Fort  Edward.  The  descent  is  76  feet 
in  a  course  of  60  rods. 

Bakcrsfield,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  on  Missisque  riv- 
er, 38  m.  N.  N.  W.  Montpeher. 

Baker'' s  isl.  Mass.  off  Salem  harbor,  5  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Salem.     On  its  N.  end  is  a  light  house. 

Baker'' s  river,  N.  H.  rises  in  Moosehillock  moun- 
tain, and  runs  into  the  Merrimack  at  Plymouth. 

Bakersville,  p-v.  Patrick  co.  Va. 

Bakewell,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Wye  and  Derwent.  Pop.  1,483. 
25  m.  N.  Derby. 

Bakhishisarai,  or  Bacca-Serai,  t.  Russia,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Crimea,  50  m.  N.  Caffa.  Lon.  33° 
S2'  E.  Lat.  45°  10'  N.  It  was  formerly  the  residence 
of  the  khans,  and  contained  20,000  inhabitants  ; 
but  in  1800  there  were  only5,776,  of  whom  3,000 
were  Tartars,  1,162  Jews,  and  the  rest  Armen- 
ians and  Greeks.  Here  are  manufactures  of 
leather,  saddles,  silk  stuffs,  and  cutlery. 

Baksaskaia,  fort,  Russian  Tartary,  in  Caucasus, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Ural,  32  m.  N.  Guref. 

Bafc^egan,  a  salt  lake  of  Persia,  in  Fars,  about  75 
miles  in  circuit.  It  is  nearly  dry  in  the  summer 
season,  when  a  quantity  of  remarkably  fine  salt, 
left  by  evaporation,  is  collected  from  the  bottom, 
and  generally  used  throughout  the  province.  10 
m.  S.  E.  Shiraz. 

Baku,  or  Badku,  t.  and  principality,  Persia,  in 
Schirvan,  on  the  peninsula  of  Absharon,  in  the 
Caspian  sea.  It  has  the  best  harbour  in  the  Cas- 
pian. It  exports  cotton,  fruit,  opium,  rice,  silk, 
wine,  rock  salt,  and  naptha.  Its  principal  trade 
is  with  Astracan.  Petroleum  is  obtained  in  vast 
abundance  from  wells  about  8  miles  from  the 
town.  They  seem  almost  inexhaustible,  some  of 
them  yielding  1000  or  1500  pounds  daily.  They 
are  often  dried  up  ;  but  the  naptha  generally  re- 
appears after  an  interval  of  a  few  months.  This 
substance  is  used  by  the  natives  as  a  substitute  for 
lamp  oil.  All  around  Baku  the  country  is  deep- 
ly impregnated  with  inflammable  matter,  both 
above  and  under  the  surface.  The  earth  seems 
overspread  with  fire.  The  city  and  principality 
were  formerly  much  resorted  to  by  the  Guebres, 
or  fire  worshippers.  They  had  temples  built  of 
stone,  in  one  of  which  a  blue  lambent  flame  issued 
from  a  large  hollow  cane  near  the  altar ;  and  this 
the  devotees  of  that  sect  believed  would  subsist  as 
long  as  the  world  remained.  This  country  has 
been  in  possessionof  the  Russians  since  1801.  Lon. 
51°  7'  E.  Lat.  42°  22'  N. 

Bala,  t.  Wales,  Merioneth  co.  on  the  lake  Bala 
Pool,  by  the  natives  named  Llyn-Tegid. 

Balaha,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambara.  Lon.  4°  10'  W. 
Lat  13°  35'  N. 

Balabac,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  13  miles  long, 
by  6  broad ;  S.  Palawan.  Lon.  117°  10'  E.  Lat. 
8°  N. 

Balabea,  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
New  Caledonia.     Lon.  164°  22'  E.  Lat.  20°  7'  S. 

Balachna,  t.  Russia,  in  Nishnei-Novgorod,  on 
the  W^lga.  Pop.  5,000.  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Nish- 
nei-Novgorod, 120  E.  S.  E.  Petersburg. 

Balaganskoi,  t.  Russia,  30  m.  N.  N,  W.  Ir- 
kutsk. 

Balaguer,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Segre. 
Pop.  3,700.    63  m.  N.  W.  Barcelona. 


Balaguer,  Col  de,  pass,  on  the  S.  £.  coast  of 
Catalonia,  commanding  the  high  road  from  Tar- 
ragona to  the  mouth  of  the  Ebro. 

Balakawa,  or  Balaklaval,  s-p.  Russia,  on  the  S. 
W.  point  of  the  Crimea.  Lon.  33°  14'  E.  Lat.  44° 
35' N. 

Balambangan,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between 
Borneo  and  Magindano,  14  miles  long,  and  3  to  6 
broad.  15  m.  from  Borneo.  Lon.  117°  5'  E.  Lat. 
7°  15'  N. 

Balambuan,  district  in  the  S.  E.  of  Java,  on  the 
straits  of  Bally.  The  trade  in  pepper  once  carried 
on  here  is  transferred  to  Bagnouangay,  15  miles 
north.     Lon.  114°  28'  E.  Lat.  8°  28'  S. 

Balaruc,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  12  m.  fr.  Mont- 
pelier. 

Balascher,  t.  Russia,  90  m.  W.  Saratov,  634  S. 
E.  St.  Petersburg.  Lon.  43°  14'  E.  Lat.  51°  55' N. 

Balasore,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  It  is  in  Balasore 
roads  that  the  Calcutta  pilots  wait  the  arrival  of 
vessels.  110  m.  S.  W.  Calcutta.  Lon.  87°  13'  E. 
Lat.  21°  31'  N. 

Balaton,  lake,  Hungary,  5  m.  S.  Stuhl-Weissen- 
burg,  nearly  40  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  4  broad. 
The  Austrian  government  propose  to  unite  this 
lake  with  the  Danube  by  a  canal. 

Balbastro,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  near  the  con- 
flux of  the  Vero  and  Cinca,  30  m.  E.  N.  E.  Sara- 
gossa.     Pop.  5,009. 

Balbec,  anciently  Heliopolis,  the  '  City  of  the 
Sun,'  in  Syria,  celebrated  for  its  magnificent  ruins. 
History  has  preserved  no  account  of  this  place, 
or  of  its  original  inhabitants.  The  splendid  ru- 
ins of  the  temple  of  the  Sun,  which  still  I'emain, 
shew  that  it  was  formerly  adorued  with  all  the 
embellishments  cf  architecture.  The  stones  com- 
posing the  walls  of  this  temple  are  of  enormous 
size.  Many  of  them  are  from  28  to  35  feet  long, 
and  9  deep,  and  one  is  59  feet  long  and  12  deep. 
It  is  40  m.  N.  N.  W.  Damascus.  Lon.  36°  11'  E, 
Lat.  34°  1'  N.  Pop.  in  1751,  5,000 ;  in  1784. 
1,200. 

Balbeil.     See  Bahbeit. 

Balby,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  S.  W.  Don- 
caster. 

Balcajrry,  s-p.  Scotland,  on  Solway  frith,  10  m, 
E.  S.  E.  Kircudbright. 

Balchikanskoi,  t.  Siberia,  in  Irkutsk,  140  m.  S, 
W.  Doroninsk. 

Bald  Eagle,  r.  Pa,  runs  N.  E.  44  miles,  through 
Mifflin  and  Lycoming  counties,  and  falls  into  the 
west  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Bald  Eagle,  mountains,  Bedford  co.  Pa.  Bald 
Eagle  valley  lies  on  the  east  side.  It  is  5  miles 
wide,  and  the  bottom  is  a  bed  of  limestone.  In 
the  limestone  are  worn  vast  pits  300  feet  deep,  a 
cave  wide  enough  to  admit  a  large  shallop  with 
her  sails  spread,  and  channels  under  the  surface 
of  the  ground  several  miles  long,  through  which 
the  largest  streams  of  the  valley  pass. 

Bald  Eagle,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa,     Pop.  1, 146. 

Bald  Eagle,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  246. 

Baldeck,  v.  Switzerland,  9  m.  N.  Lucerne. 

Baldenau,  t.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  36  m.  S.  W.  Coblentz. 

Baldenburg,  t.  West  Prussia,  65  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Dantzic. 

Baldern,  t.  Wirtemberg,  1  m.  S.  S.  E.  Zobing. 

Bald  Head,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Wells  Bay, 
Maine.     Lon.  70°  35'  W.  Lat.  43°  N. 

Bald  Head,  the  S.  W.  end  of  Smith's  island,  at 
the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river,  N.  C.  It  has  a  light- 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


81 


house.  24  m.  N.  W.  by  N.  from  Fryiog-Pan-Shoals. 
Lon.  78°  13'  W.     Lat.  33°  51'  N. 

Bald  Head,  a  promontory  about  400  feet  high, 
on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  New  Holland,  at  the  mouth 
f  of  King  George's  sound.  Lon.  118°  E.  Lat.  35° 
6'S. 

Bald  Head,  point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, in  Norton  sound.  Lon.  198°  18'  E.  Lat.  64° 
43' N. 

Baldivia.     See  Valdivia. 

Bald  MoupJahis,  a  part  of  the  Alleghany  ridge, 
on  the  E.  border  of  I'eunessee. 

BaldocJc,  t.  Eng.  Hertfordshire,  38  m.  N.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  1,438. 

Baldwin^  p-t  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  26  m.  N. 
W.  Portland.     Pop.  346. 

Baldivmville,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Baldwin,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state.  Chief  t.  Milledgeville.  Pop. 
6,356.     Slaves,  2,530. 

Baldwin,  co.  Alabama,  at  the  junction  of  Ala- 
bama and  Tombigbee  rivers.  Chief  t.  Fort  Stod- 
dert. 

Baldwinsville,  p-v.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 

Bale,  Basle,  or  Basil,  canton,  Switzerland,  ex- 
tending from  the  Rhine  on  the  N.  to  the  canton  of 
Soleure  on  tlie  S.  It  contains  187  square  miles, 
and  37,000  inhabitants. 

Bale,  cap.  of  the  canton  of  Bale,  and  the  largest 
town  in  Switzerland,  lies  on  the  Rhine,  which  di- 
vides it  into  two  unequal  parts,  joined  together  by 
a  bridge  of  600  feet  in  length.  The  university 
founded  here  in  1459,  has  an  excellent  library,  a 
cabinet  of  medals,  and  botanic  garden.  The 
manufactures  are  silk  ribbons,  silk  stuffs,  cotton, 
paper,  linen,  and  glov  es.  Here  was  held  a  famous 
ecclesiastical  council,  between  the  years  1431  and 
1444.  Lon.  7°  31'  E.  Lat.  47°  40'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Bale,  formei'ly  an  independent  bishopric, 
bounded  E.  by  the  canton  of  Bale,  S.  by  Solo- 
Ihurn,  and  W.  by  France.  It  contained  420 
square  miles,  and  about  40,000  inhabitants.  The 
nett  revenue  was  valued  at  20,000/.  sterling,  to 
which  the  mines  contributed  between  3000/.  and 
4000/.  It  is  now  included  principally  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  but  partly  in  Bale  Neufchatel,  and 
Baden. 

Baleapatam,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Malabar, 
15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Tellicherry. 

Balearic  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the 
east  coast  of  Spain.  The  principal  are  Majorca, 
Minorca,  and  Cabrera.  'They  lie  from  N.  E.  to 
3.  W.  and  have  Ivica,  and  the  other  Pithyusaj  isl- 
ands on  the  S.  W. 

Balemar,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  Indian  sea.  Lon, 
128°  12' E.  Lat.  7°  18' S. 

Balfron,  v.  Scotland,  Stirling  co.  22  m.  N.  Glas- 
gow.    Pop.  1,986. 

Balfrosh,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  is  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  in  circuit.  20  m,  W.  Fehrabad. 
Lon.  52°  40' E.  Lat.  35°  55'  N. 

Balga,  V.  castle,  and  bailiwick,  Prussia,  24  m.  S. 
W.  Konigsberg. 

Balgaon,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  15  m.  N.  W. 
Kliondar. 

Balhary,  t.  and  district,  Hind,  in  Mysore,  on 
:he  Naggery,  187  m.  N.  Seringapatam. 

Bali,  or  Liltle  Java,  one  of  the  Sunda  islands, 
separated  from  Java  by  the  straits  of  Bally.  It  is 
about  75  miles  long,  by  40  broad.  Rice  is  pro- 
duced in  great  quantities  here ;  also  tobacco,  oil, 
Mid  salt.  'The  island  is  divided  into  eight  districts, 

11 


and  each  has  an  independent  chief.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  200,000.  Lon.  115°  E.  Lat.  from  8°  to 
9°S. 

Baliabadri.     See  Patras. 

Balikesri,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  52  m.  N.E. 
Pergamo.     Lon.  27°  54'  E.  Lat.  39°  42'  N. 

Balincailach,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Benbe- 
cula,  one  of  the  Hebrides. 

Balingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  in  Upper  Neckar,  10 
m.  N.  E.  Rothweil,  36  S.  Stutgard.     Pop.  3,000. 

Balis,  r.  Syria,  flows  into  the  Euphrates  near 
Racca. 

Balis,  t.  Syria,  on  the  Euphrates,  60  m.  E. 
Aleppo. 

Balise,  the  main  pass  into  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  105  m.  below  New-Orleans.  It  is  20 
miles  long,  and  has  16  feet  water  on  the  bar.  On 
an  island  at  the  N.  side  of  the  pass  is  a  fort. 

Balise,  r.  S.  America,  in  Yucatan,  falls  into  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  in  lon.  91°  15' W.  lat.  14°  50 
N.  On  its  banks  the  English  have  their  principal 
establishments  for  cutting  down  mahogany,  some 
of  which  are  200  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
river. 

B(.dise,  s-p.  at  the  mouth  of  the  above  river. 

Balk.     See  Bulkh. 

Balkan,  the  ancient  Hcenms,  mountains,  Eu. 
Turkey,  which  separate  Romania  from  Bulgaria* 

Balkan,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  t  lie  Caspian  sea. 
Lat.  39°  45'  N. 

Balkee,  t.  Hind,  in  Beder,  15  m.  W.  N.  W.  Be- 
der,  45  N.  E.  Kalbcrgah.  Lgn.  77°  29'  E.  Lat. 
17°  49'  N. 

Ball,  V.  Ireland,  Mayo  co.  107  m.  W.  Dublin 

Balla,  t.  Bootan,  26  m.  N.  Beyliar. 

Ballabeea.     See  Balabea. 

Ballabuan,  straits,  between  Java  and  Bali  isl- 
ands.  They  are  5  or  6  leagues  wide,  and  of  intri- 
cate navigation. 

Balladuk,  t.  Syria,  in  the  desert,  140  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Damascus. 

Ballaghan  Point,  the  S.  W.  cape  of  Carlinford 
bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  Louth  co.  11m. 
S.  E.  Newry.     Lon.  6°  4'  W.  Lat.  53°  58'  N. 

Ballaghy,  v.  Ireland,  Londonderry  co.  18  m.  S. 
Coleraine. 

Ballantrac,  v.  Scotland,  Ayrshire,  28  m.  S.  S.W. 
Ayr. 

Ballapatty,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  12  m.  W. 
Vencatighery. 

Ballard,  Cape,  Newfoundland.  Lon.  52°  26' 
W.  Lat.  46°  55'  N. 

Ballard'' s  Point,  a  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, Clare  co.     Lon.  9<*  32' W.    Lat.  52°  42' N. 

Ballas,  V.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  Upper 
Egypt,  10  m.  S.  Dendera. 

Balleeoongham,  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago 
Lon.  120°  6'  E.  Lat.  5°  10'  N. 

Ballenberg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  in  Gaxt,  2  m.  N.W, 
Krautheim. 

Ballenstedl,  t.  in  Ballenstedt  county,  Germany, 
in  the  principality  of  Anhalt-Bernburg.  18  m, 
S.  W.  Bernburg,  27  N.  E.  Nordhausen.  Lon.  11° 
25'  E.  Lat.  51°  45' J^.     Pop.  2,500. 

Balltroy.  v.  f^rance,  on  the  Drome,  7  m,  S.  S. 
W.  Bayeaux,  18  S.  Caen. 

Ballimore,  t.  Ireland,  Westmeath  co,  10  m.  N, 
Athlone. 

Ballina,  t.  Ireland,  Mayo  co.  6  m.  S.  Killala. 

Ballinacourty,  Point,  the  N.  cape  of  Dungar- 
van  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  keland,  Waterford  co. 
4  m.  E.  Dunbar  van. 


82 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


Ballinahinch,  v.  Ireland,  Down  co.  12  m.  b. 
Belfast. 

BeUlinakil,  i.  Ireland,  Queens  co.  14  m.  W. 
Carlow. 

Ballinakil  Harbor,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
40  m.  N.  W.  Galway.  Lon.  9°  58'  W.  Lat.  53° 
34' N. 

BallinaskeUig,  bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land.    Lon.  10°  6'  W.  Lat.  51°  46'  N. 

BaUinasloe,  t.  Ireland,  Galway  co.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Suck.  Here  is  held  "a  fair  for  cattle 
and  sheep.    30  m.  W.  Gahvay. 

Ballinrohe,  t.  Ireland,  Mayo  co.  15  m.  S.  Cas- 
tlebar. 

Ballintry,  v.  Ireland,  Antrim  co,  20  m.  N-  Bal- 
lymena. 

Ballcck,  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago.  Lon. 
121°  52' E.  Lat.  6°  32' N. 

Ballon,  t,  France,  on  the  Ome,  16  m.  S.  Alen- 
con.     Pop.  3,560. 

Ballon,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Charente,  9  m.  S. 
E.  La  Rochelle. 

Balls.     See  Baah. 

Ballston,  p-t.  and  cap.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  28  m. 
N.  Albany.  Pop.  2,155.  It  contains  a  courthouse, 
an  academy,  and  6  houses  for  public  worship. 

Ballslon-Spa,  p-v.  partlv  in  Ballston,  but  chief- 
ly in  Milton,  Saratos;a  co.'N.  Y.  26  m.  N.  Albany, 
in  a  beautiful  and  romantic  situation.  Pop.  614. 
It  has  a  courthouse,  two  printing-offices,  a  book- 
store :  with  which  is  connected  a  circulating  li- 
brary and  a  reading  room  ;  an  academy,  and  2 
houses  for  public  worship,  one  for  Episcopalians, 
and  one  for  Baptists.  This  place  is  famous  for  its 
mineral  waters,  which  are  much  frequented  by 
the  gay  and  fashionable  during  the  months  of  July 
and  August.  Hence,  in  addition  to  several  inns, 
there  are  three  large  boarding  houses  expressly 
designed  for  the  accommodation  of  strangers.  In 
the  summer  of  1818,  2,500  persons  visited  these 
springs,  of  whom  more  than  1,200  were  from  the 
states  south  of  New  York.  The  waters  possess  a 
stimulating  and  refreshing  quality.  Under  the 
exhaustion  of  heat  and  fatigue,  nothing  can  be 
more  agreeable  and  reviving  to  the  system.  As 
a  powerful  remedy  also  in  many  diseases,  they  are 
well  known  and  highly  celebrated.  Letters  in- 
tended for  persons  residing  at  the  springs,  should 
be  directed  to  Ballston-Spa,  as  there  is  another 
post-office  in  the  town  of  Ballston,  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  village. 

Ballsrille,  p-v.  Powhattan  co.  Va.  48  m.  N,  W. 
Richmond. 

Balluntee,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  13  m.  S.  E.  Cat- 
tack. 

Ballybay,  v.  Ireland,  9  m.  S.  Monaghan. 

BalUjcanoe,  or  Ballycaiinxnc,  v.  Ireland,  Wex- 
ford CO.  5  m.  S.  Newborough. 

BaUyeaslle,  s-p.  Ireland,  Antrim  co.  30  m.  N. 
Antrim. 

Ballycotton,  isl.  in  St.  George's  charmel,  on  the 
S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  4  m.  fr.  Cloyne.  Lon.  7° 
69'W.  Lat.  51°  60' N. 

Ballydonegan  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land.    Lon.  10°  W.'  Lat.  51°  35'  N. 

Ballydovelin  Bay,  on  ihe  S.  VV.  coast  of  Ireland, 
Lon.  9^  32'  W.  Lat.  5 1°  27'  N. 

Ballyela  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  12  m. 
S.  E.  South- Arran  islands.  Lon.  9°  20' W.  Lat. 
52°  53'  N. 

Ballyfcris  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  coast  of 
Down.'    Lon.  5°  23'  W.  Lat.  54°  33'  N. 


Ballygawly,  v.  Ireland,  Tyrone  co.  74  m.  from 
Dublin. 

Ballygelly  Head,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  E.  coast. 
Lon.  5°  44'' W.  Lat,  54°  54' N, 

Ballyhaura,  v, Ireland,  21  m,  N,  Cork. 

Baltyhays,  t.  Ireland,  Cavan  co.  59  m.  fr,  Dub- 
liu. 

BaUyheigh.    See  Kerry  Head. 

Ballylany,  isl,  near  the  W,  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  10°  16'  W,  Lat,  53°  23'  N. 

BaUymena,  t.  Ireland,  in  Antrim  co.  on  tl^e 
Maine.     Pop.  2,500.    20  m.  N.  W.  Belfast. 

BaVyraoney,  v.  Ireland,  Antrim  co.  23  m.  N.  An- 
trim, 30  E.  Londonderry.     Pop.  1,800. 

Ballyraghan  Bay,  on  the  W,  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  6' W.  Lat.  53°  7' N. 

Ballyshannon,  s-p.  Ireland,  Donegal  co.  on  a  bay 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Erne,  40  m.  S.  W,  Londoja- 
derry, 

Balme,  t.  Savoy,  6  m,  N,  W,  Annecy. 

Balmerino,  v.  Scotland,  Fifeshire,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Tay,  8  m,  N,  VV.  St.  Andrews. 

Balnakyle,  v.  Scotland,  in  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Lewis  island,  one  of  the  Hebrides.  Lon.  7°  3' 
W.  Lat,  58°  8'  N, 

Balongo,  3  islands  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  near 
tlie  coast  of  Arracan,  Lon,  93°  to  93°  20'  E.  Lat. 
19°  50'  to  20°  5'  JV, 

Balremit  Bay,  on  the  E,  coast  of  Colonsay,  one 
of  the  Hebrides,     Lon,  6°  7'  W.  Lat,  56°  6'  N. 

Balsas,  t.  Peru,  in  Chachapuyas,  on  the  E.  side 
of  tlie  Amazon,  40  m.  N.  Caxamarca.  Lat,  6° 
16' S. 

Bahora.    See  Bassora. 

Bahover.     See  Bolsaver.       * 

Balstal,  t,  Switzerland,  10  m.  N.  E.  Solothurn. 

Balta,  or  Balto,  t.  Eu,  Russia,  cap.  of  a  circle 
in  Podolia,  on  the  Kadyma,  65  m.  N.  N.  E,  Ben- 
der, 

Balta,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland  islands,  near 
the  E,  coast  of  Unst.   Lon,  4°  2'  W.  Lat,  61°  7'  N. 

Baltasch,  v,  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  left  of 
the  river  Terek,  6  m.  fr,  Wladikawkas. 

Baltchimkin.     See  Black  sea. 

Baltchutzko,  t.  Russia,  in  Colhyvan. 

Baltic  Port,  or  Rogerwick,  s-p,  Russia,  in  Re- 
vel, on  Roog  island,  at  the  influx  of  the  Padis  into 
the  Baltic,  38  m.  AV.  Revel,  150  N.  Riga. 

Baltic  Sea,  a  well  known  inland  sea  in  the  north- 
west of  Europe.  It  begins  at  the  Danish  islands 
of  Zealand  and  Funen,  and  is  formed  by  tlie  coasts 
of  Denmark,  Germany,  Prussia,  Russia,  and  Swe- 
den. It  extends  beyond  65°  N,  lat,  being  above 
600  miles  in  length,  and  varying  from  75  to  150  in 
breadth.  Its  surface  contains  about  120,000 
square  miles.  The  flatness  of  the  Prussian  shore, 
with  the  niggedncss  of  that  of  Sweden,  and  above 
all,  the  sudden  changes  in  the  state  of  the  winds, 
and  tlie  violent  storms,  render  this  sea  very  dan- 
gerous for  navigators.  It  is  frozen  for  about  three 
montlis  every  year,  so  as  to  prevent  navigation 
altogether ;  in  the  south,  the  melting  of  the  ice 
takes  place  in  April ;  but  in  the  gulfs  of  Bothnia 
and  Finland,  it  is  seldom  dissolved  till  the  end  of 
May.  There  are  three  passages  from  the  Catte- 
gat  into  the  Baltic — the  Sound,  the  Great  Belt, 
and  the  Little  Belt;  of  these,  the  most  frequent- 
ed is  the  Sound.  At  each  a  toll  is  paid  for  the 
purpose  of  maintaining  light-houses.  The  num- 
ber of  vessels  which  passed  the  Sound  in  1816, 
was  8,871. 

BaUimore,  t.  Ireland,  Cork  co.  13  m.  S,  Bantry, 


B  A  L 

'  Baltimore,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  1 1  m.  S.W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  207. 

Baltimore,  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Delaware. 

Baltimore,  co.  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of  Chesa- 
peake bay,  N.  of  Patapsco  river.  Chief  t.  Balti- 
more. Pop.  29,255,  exclusive  of  the  city  and  its 
precincts. 

Baltimore,  pity,  and  port  of  entry,  Baltimore  co. 
Maryland,  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Patapsco  river,  14 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay ;  38 
m.  N.  E.  Washington.  100  S.  W.  Philadelphia,  190 
S.  W,  New  York,  400  S.  W.  Boston,  160  N.  E. 
Richmond,  230  E.  S.  E.  Pittsburg,  590  N.  N.  E. 
Charleston.  Lon.  76°  36'  W.  Lat.  39°  17'  N. 
Pop.  of  the  city  and  precincts,  in  1790,  13,503 ; 
in  1800, 26,514 ;  in  1810,  46,555,  of  whom  10,343 
were  blacks;  and  in  1820,  62,627. 

Baltimore  is  well  situated  for  commerce.  It  is 
connected  by  good  turnpike  roads  with  various 
parts  of  Pennsylvania,  and  with  the  navigable  wa- 
ters which  run  into  the  Ohio.  It  possesses  the 
trade  of  Maryland,  and  of  a  great  portion  of  the 
back  country  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  western 
States.  In  amount  of  shipping,  it  is  the  third 
city  in  the  Union.  The  number  of  tons  in  1815 
was  101,960.  The  growth  of  the  city  has  been 
remarkably  rapid.  In  1790,  the  amount  of  ship- 
ping was  only  13,564  tons,  and  the  population  in 
1770  was  only  300. 

The  city  is  built  around  a  bay,  which  sets  up 
from  the  north  side  of  the  Patapsco.  and  affords  a 
spacious  and  convenient  harbor.  The  strait 
which  connects  this  bay  with  the  river  is  very 
narrow,  scarcely  a  pistol  shot  across,  and  is  well 
defended  by  Fort  M 'Henry.  A  small  river,  called 
Jones'  Falls,  empties  into  the  north  side  of  the 
harbor,  and  divides  the  city  into  two  parts,  called 
the  town  and  Fell's  point,  which  are  connected  by 
bridges.  At  Fell's  point,  the  water  is  deep 
enough  for  vessels  of  500  or  600  tons,  but  none 
larger  than  200  tons  can  go  up  to  the  town. 

Baltimore  contains  the  State  penitentiary  ;  the 
city  and  county  almshouse ;  a  court-house ;  a 
museum  ;  a  theatre ;  a  custom-house ;  a  hospital, 
in  which  there  is  a  fine  collection  of  anatomical 
preparations  in  wax ;  an  exchange,  an  immense 
edifice  recently  erected;  3  market  houses;  10 
banks,  31  houses  of  public  worship,  5  for  Roman 
Catholics,  5  for  Episcopalians,  5  for  Methodists,  3 
for  Baptists,  2  for  Presbyterians,  2  for  Dutch  Re- 
formed, 2  for  Seceders,  2  for  Friends,  1  for  Lu- 
therans, 1  for  Independents,  1  for  Dunkers,  1  for 
Unitarians,  and  1  for  Swedenborgians. 

A  marble  monument  to  the  memory  of  General 
Wasliington  has  been  recently  erected,  on  an  ele- 
vation at  the  north  end  of  Charles  street.  The 
base  is  50  feet  square,  and  23  feet  high,  on  which 
is  another  square  of  about  half  the  extent  and 
elevation.  On  this  is  a  lofty  column,  20  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  14  at  the  top.  On  the 
iummit  of  this  column,  163  feet  from  the  ground, 
the  statue  of  Washington  is  to  be  placed. 

The  Battle  Monument,  erected  to  the  memory 
of  those  who  fell  in  bravely  defending  their  city 
from  the  attack  of  the  British  on  llie  12th  and  13th 
of  Sept.  1814,  is  a  handsome  structure  of  stone,  sit- 
uated on  a  large  square  in  Nortli  Calvert  street. 
The  names  of  the  persons  are  to  be  inscribed  on 
the   column. 

The  city  is  generally  well  built.  The  houses 
are  chiefly  of  brick;  many  of  them  are  handsome, 
5wd  some  splendid.  The  principal  street  igMorket 


BAM 


8:3 


or  Baltimore  street,  86  feet  wide.  It  runs  nearly 
east  and  west,  parallel  with  the  harbor,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  others  at  right  angles.  North  and 
East  of  the  city,  the  land  rises  to  a  considerable 
elevation,  from  which  there  is  a  noble  view  of  the 
city  and  harbor. 

There  are  several  literary  institutions  in  this 
city.  A  Medical  College  was  founded  in  1807. 
In  1812  the  institution  was  enlarged,  and  receiv- 
ed a  new  charter.  It  is  now  styled  the  University 
of  Maryland,  and  embraces  the  departments  of 
languages,  arts,  sciences,  medicine,  law,  and  di- 
vinity. The  medical  department  has  6  Professors, 
and  is  in  a  veiy  flourishing  state.  There  are  no 
Professors  as  yet  in  the  other  departments.  St. 
Mary's  College  has  a  valuable  library,  a  chemical 
and  philobophical  apparatus,  and  about  150  stu- 
dents. Baltimore  college  has  2  iristructors,  and 
about  60  students. 

Baltinglass,  t.  Ireland,  Wicklow  co.  29  m.  S. 
W.  Dublin. 

Balturta,  lake,  Russia,  in  Orenburg,  143  m.  S. 
W.  Upha.    Lon.  52<^  4'  E.  Lat.  50°  N. 

Baluchistan.     See  Beloochistan. 

Balve,  or  Balm,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  duchy 
of  Westphalia,  on  the  Hohn,  10  m.  S.  W.  Arens- 
berg,  38  N.  E.  Cologne. 

Baltilier,  v.  Syria,  12  m.  fr.  Latakia. 

Bam.     See  Bumm. 

Bamada,  t.  S.  America,  in  La  Paz,  lOO  ra.  S, 
Potosi. 

Bamba,  the  largest  and  richest  provinceof  Con- 
go, West  Africa.  It  extends  along  the  coast 
about  150  miles,  from  the  river  Ambriz  to  the  Co- 
anza.  The  city  of  Bamba  is  upwards  of  70 
leagues  in  the  interior,  Lon.  13°  52'  E.  Lat,  7" 
2'S. 

Bambarra,  a  large  and  powerful  kingdom  of 
central  Africa,  on  both  sides  of  the  Niger,  be- 
tween Kaarta  on  the  west,  and  Tombucloo  on  the 
east.  The  inhabitants  consist  of  a  mixture  of 
Moors  and  Negroes.  The  trade  with  the  coast  is 
carried  on  by  travelling  merchants;  that  with 
Barbary,  by  tlie  Moors,  across  the  desert.  Its  cap- 
ital is  Sego. 

Bamberg,  formerly  a  bishopric  and  principality 
in  Franconia,  now  included  in  the  Bavarian  cir- 
cles of  the  Maine  and  the  Rezat.  .Pop.  207,000- 
Extent,  1,430  square  miles.  It  yields  a  revenue 
of  150,000/.  sterling. 

Bamberg,  the  capital  of  the  circle  of  the  Maine, 
in  Bavaria,  is  on  the  Regnitz,  which  enters  the 
Maine  a  little  below  the  town.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
which  is  a  vast  Gothic  edifice  ;  and  a  university 
which  possesses  a  good  library  and  museum  of 
natural  history.  30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Nuremberg. 
Long.  10°  35'  E.  Lat.  49°  36'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Bamborough,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland, 
on  the  sea  coast,  with  a  castle  close  to  the  sea- 
shore, 5  m.  E.  Belford. 

Bambouch,  the  ancient  Magog,  or  Hieropolii, 
city,  Syria.  It  was  of  an  irregular  form,  envi- 
roned by  walls,  entered  by  4  gates.  The  remains 
of  several  anjcient  structures  and  sculptures  are 
stiil  seen.     50  m.  fr.  Aleppo. 

Bambouk,  kingdom  of  Central  Africa,  lying  be- 
tween the  Senegal  and  Gambia ;  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Faleme,  and  S.  of  the  kingdom  of  Gallam.  It 
is  about  100  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  80  from  E.  to 
W.  It  appears  to  be  the  main  source  of  that 
large  quantity  of  gold,  which  is  on  one  side  con- 
vsyed  dowti  the  Gambirxao'i  Senegal,  snd  on  tht 


o4 


B  A-N 


other  across  tlie  desert  into  Barbary.  The  in- 
habitants are  mostly  of  the  Mauding  race,  and 
profess  Mahometanism. 

Bambukalasi,  i.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  12  m. 
N.  Deuiziglii. 

Bamau-i/,  isl.  oft"  the  coast  of  Chittayong,  in 
Bengal.  Here  is  an  extensive  manufacture  of 
,<alt. 

Bamian,  city,  Persia,  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  the 
Hindoo  Khoosh  mountains,  100  m.  N.  W.  Cabul, 
170  S.  S.  E.  Balk.  The  city  is  cut  out  of  the 
mountain,  and  is  said  to  consist  of  12,000  cham- 
bers or  recesses.     Lon.  66°  57'  E.  Lat.  34°  30'  N. 

Bammakoo,  t.  Banibarra,  in  Africa,  on  the  Ni- 
ger, at  the  cataracts.  The  town  carries  on  a 
great  trade  in  salt.  180  m.  S.  W.  Sego.  Lon.  5<^ 
48'  W,  Lat.  12°  50'  N. 

Samoa,  t.  Ava,  on  tlie  Irrawaddy,  170  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Anmierapore. 

Bampton,  or  Bam-pton  in  the  Bush,  t.  Eng.  in 
Oxfordshire,  10  m.  fr.  Oxford.  Pop.  1,232. 

Bampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  5  m.  N.  Tiv- 
erton,    Pop.  1,452. 

Banaghan,  t.  Ireland,  King's  co.  on  the  Shan- 
non, 15  m.  S.  Athlone. 

Banaganpilly,  v.  Hind,  celebrated  for  its  dia- 
mond mines.  12  m.  W.  NundiaL  Lon.  79°  E. 
Lat.  14°  28'  N. 

Banaru,  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  30  m.  W.  Lar. 

Banaz,  t.  in  Natolia,  30  m.  N.  W.  Karahissar. 

Banbury,  t.  Eng.  Oxford  co.  22^  m.  N.  Oxford, 
75  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,841. 

Banca,  island,  in  the  Indian  sea,  about  130 
miles  long,  and  40  or  50  broad,  separated  from  Su- 
matra by  the  straits  of  Banca.  A  vast  quantity 
of  tin  is  obtained  from  mines  situated  in  seven  dif- 
ferent places,  which  are  said  to  be  worked  by  a 
colony  of  about  10,000  Chinese.  From  133 
pounds  of  ore,  75  pounds  of  metal  are  obtained ; 
and  the  total  produce  of  the  mines  amounts  to 
four  millions  of  pounds  annually.  It  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  king  of  Palembangan,  but  was  ceded 
to  the  British  in  1812.  In  1814,  the  British  ceded 
it  to  Holland  in  exchange  for  Cochin.  It  was 
formerly  almost  uninhabited,  except  by  miners 
and  pirates.  Lon.  105°  15"— 10G°  40'  E.  Lat.  1° 
27'— 3°  4'  S. 

Banca,  Straits  of,  between  the  island  of  Suma- 
tra on  the  W.  and  that  of  Banca  on  the  E.  It  is 
about  102  miles  in  length. 

Banca,  isl.  off  tire  N.  E.  extremity  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  125°  E.  Lat.  1°  30'  N. 

Bancalia,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon. 
101°  54'  E.  Lat.  1°  38'  N. 

Bancapour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor,  50  m.  E.  Dar- 
war.     Lon.  75°  10'  E.  Lat.  14°  58'  N. 

Bankapour,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  108  m.  N.  W. 
Seringapatam. 

Bancaro,  r.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Coago  from 
the  N. 

Banco,  t.'S.  America,  in  Carthagena,  on  the 
Magdalena. 

Bancock,  or  Fon,  t.  Siam,  15  or  16  m.  fr.  the 
sea,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Meinam,  Lon. 
101°  10'  E.  Lat.  13°  40'  N. 

Buncos,  islands  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  84°  46'  W.  Lat.  15°  24'  N. 

BOncovt,  r.  Hind,  rises  in  tlie  Ghaut  mountains 
and  fails  into  the  sea,  near  Fort  Victoria. 

Bnncov-f,  or  Fort  Victoria,  isl.  Hind,  on  the 
coast  of  Concan,  with  a  good  harbor,  70  m.  S. 
Bombay.     Lon.  72°  55'  E.  Lat.  17°  56'  N. 

Bartda  Island?,  a  group  of  islands  about  130  m , 


BAN 

K.  B.  E.  Amboyna.  They  are  ten  in  number ; 
and  covered  with  rich  black  soil.  None  of  them 
are  large.  Lantoir  is  only  8  miles  long,  by  2i 
broad,  and  Neira,  the  next  in  importance,  2\  miles 
long,  by  I  of  a  mile  broad.  I'he  chief  produce 
of  the  Banda  islands  is  nutmegs,  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  which  Neira,  Lantoir,  Pulo  Ay,  and  Pulo 
Rondo,  are  laid  out  in  parks  or  plantations.  Each 
tree  produces  about  ten  pounds  yearly.  The  total 
quantity  produced  in  the  four  islands,  was  former- 
ly estimated  at  350,000  pounds  of  nutmeg  annu- 
ally, and  100,000  pounds  of  mace.  The  cultiva- 
tion is  only  allowed  in  four  of  the  islands.  In  all 
the  others,  care  is  taken  to  extirpate  the  tree ; 
and  in  those  islands  where  the  nutmeg  is  cultiva- 
ted, the  trade  is  held  under  a  strict  monopoly. 
These  islands  draw  a  Large  portion  of  their  pro- 
visions from  Batavia.  The  Dutch  were  the  first 
European  occupiers  of  the  Banda  islands ;  but  in 
1796  the  British  took  possession  of  them  without 
resistance.  They  were  restored  in  1801 ;  again 
captured  in  1810,  and  again  restored  at  the  gen- 
eral peace  of  1814.     Lon.  130°  E.   Lat.  4°  30'  S. 

Bandell,  t.  Bengal,  2  m.  above  Hoogly. 

Bander  ^ibassi.     See  Gomberoon. 

Banderas,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico,  be- 
tween Cape  Corrientes  and  Tintoque  point  Lat. 
20°  30'  N. 

Bandi,  t.  Africa,  in  Lower  Guinea,  on  an  island 
at  the  mouth  of  Bandi  river. 

Banditti  Island,  at  the  S.  entrance  of  the  straits 
of  Lombock.     Lon.  1 15°  35'  E.  Lat  8°  50'  S. 

Bandonbridge,  t.  Ireland,  Cork  co.  on  the  river 
Bandon.  Linens,  camblets,  and  coarse  woollen 
stuffs  are  manufactured  here.  Pop.  14,120.  U'. 
m.  fr.  Cork. 

Bandore,  t.  Hind,  on  the  island  of  Salsette,  6 
m.  N.  Bombay. 

Baneas,  t  Syria,  34  m.  N.  Tripoli, 

Banee,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  3  m,  S.  W. 
Ushant.     Lon.  4°  55'  W.  Lat.  48'^  25'  N. 

Banff,  a  maritime  county  of  Scotland,  bounded 
N,  by  Murray  frith,  S.  and  E.  by  Aberdeen  co, 
and  W.  by  Elgin  and  Inverness.  It  contains  622 
square  miles,  and  36,668  inhabitants. 

Banff,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Banff  co.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Derevon,  where  there  is  an  indifferent  har- 
bour, owing  to  tlie  shifting  of  sand  banks.  4A 
m.  N.  W.  Aberdeen.  Lon.  2°  25'  W,  Lat.  57^ 
38'  N,     Pop.  2,860. 

Bangalore,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  formerly  the 
capital  of  a  kingdom.  Its  principal  manufactures 
are  woollen  cloths,  and  silk.  A  great  trade  !#" 
carried  on  in  betel-nut,  black  pepper,  and  sandal- 
wood. The  situation  is  healthy,  being  elevate(' 
about  3,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  In 
1819,  the  London  Miss.  Society  sent  out  2  mission- 
aries to  occupy  this  station.  74  m.  N.  E.  Sering- 
apatam, 21 5  W.  Madras.  Lon.  77°  46'  E.  Lat.  12'=' 
57' N. 

Bangey,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Molucca  pas- 
sage.    Lon.  124°  15'  E.  Lat  1°  45'  S. 

Bango,  isl.  near  Siam.  Lon.  98°  42'  E.  Lat. 
7°  48'  N. 

Bangor,  city  and  bishop's  see,  Wales,  in  Caer- 
narvonshire, on  a  bay  in  the  Menai  straits.  Pop. 
of  the  parish,  2,393.     251  m.  N.  W.  London. 

Bangor,  v.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  on  the  Dee. 

Bangor,  t.  Ireland,  Down  co.  90  m.  N,  E.  Dub- 
hn. 

Bangor,  p-t.  and  cap.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Penobscot  river,  at  the  head  of  nav- 
igation ;  35  m.  N.  Castine }  and  52  from  Owl's 


BAN 

Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobscot  bay.  Pop.  in 
1810,  850.  It  is  not  open  for  shipping  during  the 
winter,  but  at  other  seasons  is  of  very  eiisy  ac- 
cess for  vessels  of  almost  any  size,  and  the  river  is 
open  at  all  times  within  12  miles  to  Frankfort. 
Bangor  will  be  the  natural  market  for  a  large 
portion  of  the  interior  of  Maine.  It  is  a  flourish- 
ing place,  and  contains  a  court-house,  bank,  and 
printing-office.  A  Theological  Seminary  has  been 
recently  established  here,  styled  "The  Maiae 
Charity  School."  It  is  under  the  direction  of 
2  professors  and  a  preceptor.  Its  design  is  to  pre- 
pare young  men  for  the  ministry  by  a  shorter 
course  of  study  than  is  usual.  The  qualifications 
for  admission,  are  a  knowledge  of  English  gram- 
mar, arithmetic  and  Latin  grammar,  and  some  ac- 
quaintance with  the  Latin  classics.  The  term  of 
study  is  four  years. 

Bangor,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  W.  Ma- 
)one. 

Bangue,  r.  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Atlantic, 
Lat.  7°  42'  N. 

Bang-uey,  isl,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon. 
n70  25'E.Lat.  7°  15' N. 

Banhanghur,  t.  Hind.  88  m.  S.  S.  W,  Benares. 

Banho,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10  m.  N.  E.  V^i- 
seu. 

Banlii/bazar,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  15  m.  N, 
Calcutta. 

Baniak,  isl.  off  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  96° 
48'  E.  Lat.  2°  10'  N. 

Banjalvka,  or  Bagnaluka,  fort  and  t.  Turkey, 
iVi  Bosnia.  144  m.  \V.-  Belgrade,  Lon.  17°  9'  E. 
Lat,  45°  4'  N, 

Banjar  Massin,  t.  and  district,  Borneo,  on  a 
river  of  that  name,  which  falls  into  the  sea  near 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  island.  The  district  pro- 
duces diamonds,  gold  dust,  iron,  canes,  and  pep- 
per, the  last  of  which  is  its  staple  commodit}'.  The 
Dutch  have  a  fort  and  factory  here.  Lon.  114° 
55'  E.  Lat.  3°  S. 

Banica,  t.  St.  Domingo,  40  m.  S,  E.  Cape  Fran- 
cois. 

Bankala,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  122° 
51'  E.  Lat.  2°  30'  S. 

Bankapour,  fort,  Hind,  in  Mysore,  on  the  river 
Budra,  9  m.  N,  W,  Seringapatam. 

Bankodang,  in  the  Eastern  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
118°  2'  E.  Lat.  5°  12'  S. 

Bankok.     See  Bancock. 

Banks,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  Botany  Bay,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  New  Holland. 

Bank'^s  Island,  New  Zealand,  60  miles  in 
circumference,  and  visible  at  the  distance  of  12  or 
15  leagues.  15  m,  from  Tavai  Poenammoo,  Lat 
43°  32'  S.  Lon.  186°  30'  W. 

Bank''s  Island,  near  the  N.  W.  coaet  of  Amer- 
ica, about  60  m.  long,  and  5  broad.  Lon.  129° 
45'  to  130°  10'  W,  Lat.  53°  30'  N, 

Bank's  Port,  a  harbour  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of 
America.    Lon.  185°  W.  Lat,  56°  40'  N, 

Bankybazar,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  bank  of  the  Hoog- 
ly 16  m,  N,  Calcutta, 

Bann,  r.  Ireland,  passes  through  Lough  Neagh, 
and  runs  into  the  North  sea,  4  m.  N.  W.  Colerain. 

Bannalec,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  4  m,  S,  E, 
Rosperden.     Pop,  4,760, 

Bannbridge,  v,  Ireland,  Down  co,  12  m.  N,  N,  E 
Newry. 

Bannec,  isl.  in  the  E)iglish  channel,  near  the 
coast  of  France.     Lon.  4°  55'  W.  Lat.  48°  25'  N. 

Bannockburn,  v.  Scotland,  Stirlingshire,  on  the 
BaiiKOck  ;  famous  for  a  batUe,  betweeu  the  Scotch 


BAR 


SB 


and  English,  June  1314,  in  which  the  English  were 
defeated  ;  and  for  another  between  James  III.  and 
his  subjects  in  1488.  4  m.  E,  Stirling,  31  W.  Ed- 
inburgh. 

Bannow,  a-p.  Ireland,  11  m,  E,  S.  E,  Water- 
ford. 

Bams,  t.  Spain,  in  Leone,  30  m.  from  Placentia, 
in  Estremadura,  Here  are  baths  recommended 
for  rheumatisms  and  nervous  complaints.  Its 
vines  produce  annually  15,000  arobas  of  wine. 

Bantam,  kingdom  on  the  N,  W.  coast  of  Java, 
belonging  to  the  Dutch-  Bantam,  the  capital, 
stands  about  a  mile  from  the  sea,  in  a  low  marshy 
situation,  on  Bantam  river,  61m.  W.  Batavia,  It 
was  once  the  chief  resort  of  vessels  froai  Europe, 
but  its  trade  is  transferred  to  otlier  channels,  and 
the  bay  and  harbour  are  so  much  choaked  up 
with  accessions  of  earth  washed  down  from  the 
mountains,  and  the  growth  of  coral  shoals,  as  to 
be  inaccessible  to  ships  of  burden, 

Banteln,  v.  Hanover,  in  the  principality  of  Ca- 
lenberg,  18  m.  E.  Hameln, 

Bantry,  t.  Ireland,  on  Bantry  Bay,  40  m,  S,  W, 
Cork. 

Bantry  Bay,  on  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  about 
25  miles  long  by  6  or  8  broad,  with  between  10 
and  40  fathoms  of  water.  It  affords  a  very  fmc 
harbour  for  shipping.  Lon.  9°  24'  to  9°  45'  E. 
Lat.  51°  30' to  51°  40' N. 

Banyouwangy,  Dutch  settlement  on  the  coast  of 
Java,  It  is  sometimes  covered  with  ashes,  from  a 
volcano  on  tlie  island  of  Bali,  Lon.  114°  20'  E. 
Lat.  8°  15'  S, 

Baol,  kingdom  W,  Africa,  between  the  SenegsdL 
and  Gambia, 

Bapaume,  t,  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  18  S.  E. 
Arras.    Lon.  2°  51'  7"  E.  Lat,  50°  6'  12"  N, 

Bapaume,  or  Maromme,  r,  France,  falls  into  the 
Seine  below  Rouen. 

Bapopas,  t.  in  the  interior  of  New  Albion.  Lat^. 
37°  45'  N.  Lon.  1 14°  25'  W.      See  New  Albion. 

Bar,  or  Barr,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  It 
trades  in  corn,  cattle,  wine,  and  brandy,  and  has 
manufactures  of  linen  and  other  cloths.  16  n*. 
S,  W,  Strasburg,     Pop,  4, 100, 

Bar,  or  Baer,  t,  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  rivev 
Kow.  45  m.  E.  N.  E,  Kaminioc,  Lon.  27°  52^ 
E,  Lat,  49°  5'  N, 

Bar,  V.  France,  in  Var,  4  m.  N.  E.  Grassc, 

Bar,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Ganges,  in  Behar.  Lon. 
95°  50'  E,  Lat.  25°  18'  N. 

Baraha,  plain,  Siberia,  in  Tomsk,  between  the 
rivers  Irtisch,  Oby,  and  the  Altaian  mountains. 

Baracan,  t.  Hungary,  at  the  influx  of  the  Gran 
into  the  Danube,  2  m.N.  Gran.  The  circle  of  Bar- 
acan contains  26  villages. 

Babacoa,  s-p.  Cuba,  50  m,  N,  E.  St,Jagode  Cu- 
ba. 

Baracoe,  s-p,  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  Lon. 
1°25'W,  Lat,  5°28'N, 

Baragon,  isl,  near  the  island  of  Salsette,  on  the 
W,  coast  of  Hindostan, 

Baraiche,  district,  Hind,  separated  from  Nc- 
paul  by  a  lofty  range  of  mountains. 

Baranei-Stanitz,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Lena,  52  m. 
N.  E.Vitimskoi.    Lon.  113°  14'  E.  Lat,  54°  50'  N. 

Barania,  r.  Mexico,  runs  into  the  Pacific,  lat, 
■  22°  N. 

Baranov,  cape,  Siberia,  on  the  shore  of  the  Fro- 
zen ocean.  Mammoth's  tusks,  of  115  pounds 
weight,  have  been  found  here,     Lat,  69°  29'  N. 

Baranya,  county,  Hungary,  on  the  Danube.  It 
is  rich  in  grain,  fruit,  cattJe,  andgr^m".     Pop. 


BAR 


BAR 


140,000 ;  consisting  of  Hungarians,  German?, 
Russians,  and  Croats. 

Barataria.     See  Barraiaria. 

Barato,  Porto,  s-p.  Italj',  in  Piombino,  on  the 
coast,  with  a  harbour. 

Barau,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Blanitz,  60  m.  S. 
Prague. 

Barbacoa,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  within  the  gulf  of 
Darien. 

Barbacoas,  city.  New  G  renada,  near  the  coast, 
120  m.  N.  Quito,  110  W.  S.  W.  Popayan. 

Barbacoas,  t  in  Venezuela,  at  the  source  of 
Tucuyo  river  ;  another  on  the  E.  of  Lake  Mara- 
Cciibo,  75  S.  Venezuela. 

Barbadoes,  one  of  the  Caribbees,  and  the  most 
eastern  of  the  W.  India  islands.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 
Lon.  59°  W.  The  earl  of  Marlborough  obtained 
from  James  I.  a  grant  of  the  island,  in  1624,  and 
laid  the  foundation  of  James  Town.  It  is  21  miles 
long,  14  broad,  and  contains  106,470  acres.  It 
lies  20  leagues  E.  of  St.  Vincent,  25  from  St.  Lu- 
cia, 28  S.  E.  Martinico,  60  N.  E.  Trinidad,  and 
100  S.  E.  St.  Christopher's.  It  is  divided  into  5 
districts  and  11  parishes  ;  chief  t.  Bridgetown. 
Pop.  in  1811,  16,289  whites  ;  3,392  free  people  of 
colour;  62,258  slaves.  In  1810,  the  imports  were 
311,400/.  Exports,  271,597/.  Owing  to  the 
hurricanes,  the  population  and  produce  of  the  isl- 
and have  diminished.  From  1740  to  1786,  the 
annual  exports  declined  from  13,948  hogsheads  of 
sugar  to  9,554  ;  from  12.884  puncheons  of  rum  to 
5,448,  &c.  The  United  Brethren,  and  the  Wes- 
leyan  Methodists  have  each  a  missionary  here,  and 
the  Church  Missionary  Society  supports  a  school 
for  the  education  of  the  negroes. 

Barbantane,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
5  m.  S.  W.  Avignon. 

Bqrbarano,  t.  Venetian  territory,  in  Vicentino, 
12  m.  E.  Aviano. 

Barbary,  or  the  Barbary  Slates,  an  extensive 
country  lying  along  the  northern  coast  of  Africa, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  S.  by  the  Saha- 
ra or  Great  Desert,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  It 
is  intersected  through  nearly  its  whole  extent  by 
the  celebrated  Atlas  range  of  mountains,  which 
run  parallel  with  the  coast.  Between  this  chain 
and  the  sea  is  a  valley,  from  50  to  200  miles  bi-oad, 
which  constitutes  the  cultivated  land  of  Barbary. 
This  tract  is  well  watered,  and  exhibits  an  exu- 
berant fertility,  producing  wheat,  olives,  almonds, 
and  delicious  fruits.  The  tract  between  the  Atlas 
range  and  the  desert  is  to  a  great  extent  sandy 
and  barren,  but  produces  dates  in  such  abun- 
dance, that  it  is  called  Biledulgerid,  or  the  coun- 
try of  dates.  The  cl  imate  of  Barbary  is  temperate 
and  pleasant.  The  plague,  however,  occasion- 
ally visits  it,  and  leprosy  is  very  common.  Among 
the  animals  are  lions,  leopards,  and  enormous 
serpents,  some  of  which  are  venomous.  The 
inhabitants  may  be  divided  into  4  classes.  1.  The 
Moors,  who  are  the  ruling  people,  and  constitute 
the  mass  of  the  population  in  all  the  cities.  They 
■are  among  the  most  vicious  and  profligate  people 
on  the  earth.  They  are  pirates,  and  formerly  com- 
mitted great  depradations  in  the  Mediterranean, 
on  tiie  commerce  of  Christian  nations.  2.  The 
Jews,  who  are  the  principal  merchants,  and  are 
continually  insulted  and  most  cruelly  oppressed 
by  the  Moors.  3.  The  Arabs,  who  live  in  tents, 
in  independent  tribes,  and  wander  with  their 
flocks  and  herds  in  the  interior  districts,  on  the 
borders  of  tlie  desert.  4.  The  Brebers,  who  are 
fle,scendants  of  the  ancient  natives,  and  inhabit  the 


mountainous  disti'icts.  They  live  in  fixed  villa- 
ges, and  cultivate  the  ground.  The  religion  of 
all  these  classes,  except  the  Jews,  is  Mahometan- 
ism.  The  names  of  the  Barbary  states  are  Mo- 
rocco, Algiers,  Tunis,  and  Tripoli. 

Barbary,  p-v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  134  m.  W.  Ra- 
leigh. 

Barber''s,  p-v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

Barbary  Point,  Africa,  the  N.  cape  at  the  mouth 
of  Senegal  river.     Lat.  W^  N. 

Barbas,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  near 
the  mouth  of  St.  Cyprian  river.     Lat.  22°  N. 

Barbastre,  s-p.  France,  isl.  of  Noirmoutier,  in 
La  Vendee. 

Barbata,  r.  Algiers,  falls  into  the  Taphna,  1  m. 
S.  Tackumbreet. 

Barbela,  or  Verbela,  r.  Africa,  the  S.  branch  of 
the  Zaire  or  Congo,  supposed  to  rise  in  Matamba. 

Barberi.no,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  between  Flor- 
ence and  Sienna. 

Barberino  di  Valdelsa,  t.  Tuscany,  in  Certaldo, 
on  the  Sieve,  at  the  foot  of  the  Appennines,  18  m. 
N.  Florence. 

Burbezieux,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  28  m.  S.  E. 
Saintes.     Pop.  2,740. 

Barbing,  v.  Bavaria,  on  tlie  S.  bank  of  the  Dan- 
ube, below  Ratisbou, 

Barbovrsville,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va.  87  m.  N.  W; 
Richmond. 

Barbourville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Knox  co.  Ken.  124 
m.  S.  Frankfort.     Pop.  55. 

Barbonne,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  5  m.  S.  W.  Se- 
zanne. 

Barbuda,  one  of  the  Caribbee  islands,  21  miles 
long,  12  wide.  12  leagues  N.  E.  Antigua,  24  N. 
N.  E.  St.  Christopher's.  Lon.  61°  46'  W.  Lat. 
17°  36'  N. 

Barbuc,  r.  U.  S.  runs  into  Lake  Michigan  from 
the  S.  Jl  between  Raisin  and  Maramee  rivers  ; 
72  m.  N.  Fort  St.  Joseph's.  Another  in  Canada, 
runs  into  Lake  Erie,  40  m.  W.  Long-point. 

Barburata,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Lon. 
86O50'W.  Lat.  I60  26'N. 

Barby,  county  of  the  Prussian  states  on  the 
Elbe,  between  Magdeburg  and  Anholt. 

Barby,  chief  t.  Barby  co.  on  the  Elbe,  near  the 
junction  of  the  Saale,  14  ra.  S.  S.  E.  Magdeburg, 
Pop.  2,814. 

Barca,  country,  Africa,  on  the  coast,  between 
Tripoli  and  Egypt.  It  belongs  to  Tripoli.  Chief 
t.  Derne.  Its  sea-port,  Barca,  is  in  lon.  20°  25 
E.  lat.  32°  26'  N. 

Barcelona,  city,  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the 
Mediten-anean.  The  harbor,  though  spacious,  is 
difficult  of  entrance.  The  manufactures  are  cal- 
ico, silk,  woollen,  and  cotton  goods ;  excellent 
muskets,  pistols,  swords,  and  other  small  arms. 
The  imports  are  French  and  Italian  manufactured 
goods ;  corn,  rice,  timber  from  the  Baltic  ;  yellow 
wax  from  Barbary,  iron  from  Sweden,  steel  from 
England  and  Styria,  hemp  from  Riga  and  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh,  linen,  copper,  bi-ass,  and  wire,  from 
Germany,  and  codfish  from  Newfoundland.  The 
town  is  elegantly  built,  has  nine  parish  churches, 
34  cloisters,  six  colleges,  si-:;  hospitals,  one  of  which 
is  fitted  up  to  contain  3,000  sick  ;  a  theatre,  and 
dock-yard.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  is  strongly 
fortified,  but,  on  the  16th  February  1808,  it  was 
surprised  by  a  body  of  French  troops  under  gene- 
ral Duhesme,  and  continued  in  possession  of  the 
French  until  1814.  39  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tarragona. 
276  E.  N,  E.  Madrid.  Lon.  2°  9'  57"  E.  Lat 
41°  21'  44"  N.     Pop.  111,500.  » 


BAR 

Barcelona,  t.  on  the  northern  coast  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name.  It  has 
been  an  emporium  for  great  quantities  of  contra- 
band goods  imported  from  Trinidad,  and  dispers- 
ed over  the  adjacent  provinces.  It  is  42  m.  W.  of 
Cumana.     Pop.  14,000. 

Barcelona  River.     See  J^everi. 

Barcelonetta,  i.  Spain,  S.  E.  of  Barcelona,  be- 
tween its  harbor  and  the  light-house.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Barcellonelte,  formerly  a  province  of  France 
now  included  in  Lower  Alps. 

Barcellonette,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps.  Near 
it  is  a  passage  across  the  Alps  to  Coni :  36  m.  N. 
W.  Nice. 

Bard,  fort,  in  Piedmont,  on  the  Doria,  17  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Aosta. 

Bardes^  isl.  N.  of  Goa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hind. 

Bardemck,  t.  duchy  of  Luneburg,  on  the  Elme- 
nau,  4  m.  N.  Luneburg,  formerly  a  trading  town 
of  great  note. 

Bardi,  t.  Italy,  in  Parma,  the  head  of  a  mar- 
quisate,  26  m.  W.  Parma. 

Bardinetto,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Appenines,  10 
m.  S.  Ceva. 

Bardistan,  cape  in  the  Persian  gulf.  Lon.  5P 
15'  E.  Lat.  28°  N. 

Bardoneche,  t.  Piedmont,  in  a  valley,  18  m.  W. 

SUSSL 

Bardsey,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Wales.  Lon.  5°  4' 
W.  Lat.  52°  48'  N. 

Barejields,  p-t.  Liberty  co.  S.  Carolina,  41  m.  fr. 
Washington. 

Barford,  t.  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  cos. 
Lower  Canada.  S.  E.  Montreal  on  the  Province 
line. 

Barege,  or  Barreges,  v.  France,  in  Upper  Py- 
renees, 10  m.  S.  Bagneres.  It  is  famed  for  its  min- 
eral waters. 

Bareilly,  city.  Hind.  cap.  of  Bareilly  district,  on 
the  Saukra ;  40  miles  east  of  the  Ganges,  805 
N.  W.  of  Calcutta.  Lon.  79°  21'  E.  Lat.  28°  22' 
N.  It  is  large  and  populous,  and  the  seat  of  the 
British  Judicial  establishment  for  the  district,  and 
is  one  of  the  stations  of  the  Church  Missionary  So- 
ciety. The  district  was  ceded  to  the  British  gov- 
ernment in  1802,  and  bids  fair  to  become  one  of 
the  finest  parts  of  the  Enghsh  dominions  in  the  east. 

Barelon,  el,  Lybia,  the  ancient  Parcetonium, 
150  m.  W.  Alexandria. 

Bareniin,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  8  m.  W. 
Rouen. 

Barenton,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Mortain.     Pop.  3,120. 

Bareuth.     See  Baj/reuth. 

Barffieur,  s-p.  France,  in  La  Manche.  Here 
William  the  Conqueror  equipped  the  expedition 
which  effected  the  conquest  of  England.  12  m. 
E.  Cherbourg.  The  promontory  of  Barfleur  is  18 
m.  E.  Cherbourg.     Lon.  1°  17'  W.  Lai.  49°  40'  N. 

Barga,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  vicariat  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Tuscany,  on  the  Serchio,  6  m.  fr.  Luc- 
ca.    Pop.  9,000. 

Bargaintown,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  88  m.  S, 
Trenton. 

"Barge,  or  Barges,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Alps,  a  little  N.  W,  Saluzzo,  8  m.  S.  Pignerol. 
Pop.  6,900. 

Bargoosin,  t.  Russia,  in  Nertchinsk,  on  the  Bar- 
goozina,  348  m.  N.  E.  Irkutsk. 

Barguzin,  r.  Siberia,  ran?  into  lake  Baikal, 
near  Bargumnsk. 


BAR 


87. 


Bargusiiisk  v.  and  fort,  Siberia,  on  Lake  Bai- 
kal, 104  m.  N.  E.  Irkutsk.  Lon.  110°  14'  E.  Lat. 
53°  30'  N. 

Barham,  t.  Eng.  Kent  co.  On  Barham  Downs 
the  Canterbury  races  are  held.  6  m.  fr.  Canter- 
bury. 

Bari,  province  of  Naples,  on  the  gulf  of  Venice. 
Pop.  290,000.  Bari,  its  chief  town,  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade;  on  the  gulf;  18  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Trani,  and  120  E.  N.  E.  Naples,  and  contains 
18,000  inhabitants.     Lat.  41°  15'  N. 

Barjac,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  18  m.  N.  E.  Alais. 

Barima,  Point,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance 
into  the  Orinoco,  N.  Lat.  8°  45'. 

Barinas.     See  Farinas. 

Barjols,  or  Barjoux,  t.  France,  in  Var,  27  m. 
N.  Toulon. 

Bariquisimeto.     See  Barquisimtlo. 

Barkadares,  part  of  the  Logwood  country,  E. 
side  of  Yucatan,  on  the  river  Balize.  It  has 
Hicks  Keys  on  the  S.  and  South  Lagoon  on  the  N. 
Lat.  11°  45'  N.  Lon.  89'^  W. 

Barkharmted,  p-t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  20  m.  N.  E. 
Litchfield;  Pop.  1,506. 

Barking,  t.  Eng.  Essex  co.  7  m.  E.  London. 
Pop.  2,421.  Its  inhabitants  are  fishermen,  who 
supply  Billingsgate  with  fish. 

Barkisland,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  fr.  Hali- 
fax.    Pop.  2.096. 

Barkway,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  34i  m.  fr. 
London. 

Barlaimont,  eounty  of  France,  on  the  Sam- 
bre,  in  North,  12  m.  S.  E.  Le  Quesnoy. 

Barlanga,  t.  Spain,  on  the  Douro,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, 15  m.  S.  E.  Osma. 

Barlat,  t.  Moldavia,  on  Barlat  river,  60  m.  N. 
W.  Galate.     Lon.  27°  37'  E.  Lat.  46°  12'  N. 

Bark,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  Exe,  5  m.  below 
Dulverton. 

Burlenga,  isL  off  the  coast  of  Portugal.  Lon.  9^ 
24'  W.  Lat.  39^^  20'  N. 

Barletta,  s-p.  Naples,  on  the  gulf  of  Venice. 
Pop.  15,925.    25  m.  W.  Bari,  100  E.  N.  E.  Naples. 

Barloiv,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W.  Mari- 
etta. 

Barlow's  Cove,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Admiralty  isl. 
Lon.  225°  14'  E.  Lat.  58°  22'  N. 

Barmouth,  s-p.  Wales,  Merioneth  co.  at  tlie 
mouth  of  the  Maw,  8  m.  S.  W.  Dolgelly  ;  much  re- 
sorted to  for  sea-bathing. 

Barmstadt,  or  J^ew  Ranzaw,  co.  Denmark,  in 
Holstein.  It  consists  of  the  castle  of  Ran/aw,  the 
market  town  of  Barmstadt,  and  several  villages. 
The  town  is  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Hamburgh. 

Barnagore,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  bank  of  tlie  Hoog- 
ly  3  m.  above  Calcutta. 

Barnard,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  21  m.  N.  W. 
Windsor ;  Pop.  1,648. 

Barnard,  p-t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio. 

Barnard's  Castle,  t.  Eng.  Durham  co.  on  the 
Tees.     Pop.  2,986.     216  m.  N.  London. 

Barnaul,  t.  Siberia,  on  a  river  which  falls  into 
the  Obe,  100  m.  S.  E.  Kolhyvane.  It  consists  of 
1,000  houses,  and  istlieseatof  chancery  of  the  mines 
in  the  Altaian  mountains.  One  of  the  mines  is 
very  productive  in  gold  and  silver.  Here  are  a 
foundery  of  bells  and  manufactories  for  glass  and 
tiles,  which  employ  4,000  Peasants. 

Barnby-upon-Dun,  t.  Eng.  Yorksliire,  5  m.  E. 
Doncaster. 

Barnegat,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
5  m,  S,  Poughkeepsie.    Lime  is  maufactured  in 


BAR 


BAR 


this  place  ia  large  quantities  and  seat  to  j\ew- 
York. 

Barnf gat-hay,  or  Inlet,  on  the  E.  coast  of  N.  J. 
in  Monmouth  co.  68  m.  N.  E.  Cape  May.  The 
Beach  extends  from  tlie  inlet  S.  W.  16  miles  to  lit- 
tle Egg-harbor.  Lat.  39°  47'  30"  N.  Lon.  74°  13' 
W. 

Bamesley,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  iron,  wire,  nails,  hardware,  bottles,  linen, 
and  cotton.     Pop.  5,014.     12  m.  fr.  Rotherham. 

Bamestoun,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  36  m.  fr. 
Washington. 

BamesviUe,  p-t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio ;  11  m.  S.  W. 
St.  Clairsville. 

Barnet,  or  Chipping  Barnet,  t.  Eng,  Hertford- 
shire, 1 1  m.  N.  London. 

Barnet,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  15m.  N.Newbury;  Pop.  1,301. 

BameV  s-tavern,  p-v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  59  m. 
W.  Washington. 

Bamereldt,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Guelder- 
land.     Pop.  4,770.     10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Amersford. 

Barnevelt  s  Islands,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lon.  66°  58'  W.  Lat.  55°  40'  S. 

Barneyville,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche.  Pop. 
840.     15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Cherbourg. 

Barnim,  circle  in  the  Middle  mark  of  Branden- 
burg, divided  into  Upper  and  Lower :  Pop.  of  the 
Upper,  40,000 ;  of  the  Lower,  including  the  city 
Beriin,  175,500. 

Bamoldsuick,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire.  12  m.  fr.  Settle. 

Bai-nslable,  co.  Mass.  in  the  S,  E.  part  of  the 
state.  It  comprises  the  whole  of  the  peninsula  of 
Cape  Cod,  and  is  separated  from  Plymouth  co.  by 
a  narrow  isthmus  extending  from  Barnstable  bay 
to  Buzzard's  bay.  Pop.  22,21 1 .  The  soil  is  prin- 
cipally sandy  and  barren,  and  the  inhabitants  de- 
pend on  the  sea  for  subsistence. 

Barnstable,  s-p.  and  cap.  Barnstable  go.  Mass. 
on  Barnstable  bay,  68  m,  S,  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop. 
3,646.  The  harbor  has  a  bar  which  prevents  the 
entrance  of  large  vessels.  The  inhabitants  are 
largely  concerned  in  navigation  and  the  fisheries. 
The  amount  of  shipping  in  1815  was  15,964  tons. 

Barnstaple,  s-p,  and  bor.  Eng,  Devonshire,  on 
the  Taw.  It  has  a  manufacture  of  baize  and 
woollens  for  Plymouth  market.  Pop.  4,019.  36 
m,  N,  N.  W.  Exeter. 

Bamstead,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  S. 
E.  Montreal  on  the  Province  line.     Pop,  500, 

Bamstead,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.  26  m,  N.  E. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,477, 

Barn-tavern,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

Baroche  sous  Luce,  la,  t.  France,  in  Ome,  29  m. 
W.  Alencon. 

Baronstown,  t.  Ireland,  Louth  co.  6  m.  W,  N. 
W.  Dundalk. 

Barquisimeto,  city  S.  America,  in  Venezuela, 
120  m.  W.  S.  W.  Caraccas.  It  is  on  an  elevated 
plain  and  cooled  by  the  almost  constant  N.  E. 
wind.  The  houses  are  well  built,  and  the  streets 
are  wide.  Pop.  11,300.  Its  trade  is  in  cattle, 
sugar,  wheat,  cocoa,  coffee. 

Barr,  r,  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Foyle,  near  Lif- 
ford, 

Barr,  Great,  t.  Eng,  Staffordshire,  2  m.  fr, 
Wakall, 

Barra,  v,  Italy,  in  Napl«!s,  near  the  city  of  Na- 
ples.    Pop.  5,250. 

Barra,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  27  m.  fr.  Cape 
Wrath,     Lon.  b°  40'  W.  Lat.  58°  58'  N, 

Barra,  kingdom.  West- Africa,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Gambia.     18  leagues  long  and  14  broad. 


Barra  Inding,  the  capital  of  Barra,  ueai  point 
Barra,  on  N,  side  of  the  Gambia, 

Barraconda,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  at  the 
falls,  400  m.  above  its  mouth.  The  tide  flows  up 
to  this  place.    Loa.  13°  W.  Lat,  13°  36'  N. 

Barrada,  or  Barradys.     See  Abana. 

Barragan,  r,  Buenos  Ayres,  runs  into  the  Plata. 

Barragon,  Bay,  in  the  river  Plata,  12  m,  below 
Buenos  Ayres,  Ships  discharge  their  cargoes  in 
Lighters  in  the  roadstead  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and 
wait  here  for  their  outward  cargoes, 

Barrai  Sciahiat,  or  desert  of  J^atron,  in  Egypt, 
W.  of  the  Delta,  and  S.  of  lake  Mareotis,  It  con- 
tains two  lakes,  Nedebe  and  Lebe,  from  which 
Natron  is  obtained. 

Barramoul,  district,  S,part  of  India,  between  12° 
and  14°  N.  Lat, 

Barranca,  s-p.  Peru,     Lat.  10°  55'  S. 

Barranca,  v.  New-Grenada,  on  the  Madalena, 
the  port  through  which  all  goods  are  brought  to 
and  carried  from  Granada;  18  m.  fr.  the  sea. 
Also  the  name  of  several  inconsiderable  settle- 
ments. 

Barraiaria,  bay,  Louisiana,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, west  of  the  Balize,  Lon,  90°  W.  In  the  mouth 
of  this  bay  there  is  an  island  remarkable  for  its 
healtti,  and  its  strength  as  a  military  position. 
Both  ends  of  the  island  were  fortified  in  181),  by 
the  pirates  under  M.  la  Fitte.  The  bay  affords  a 
safe  and  capacious  harbor  for  light  ships  of  war 
and  merchant  vessels.  In  time,  this  may  become  a 
place  of  importance,  as  by  a  late  survey  of  the 
country  in  its  rear,  it  is  found  that  there  is  a  dis- 
trict of  half  a  million  of  acres  of  the  first  rate  su- 
gar lands, 

Barraux,  or  Fort  Barreaux,  France,  on  the 
Isere,  18  m.  N.  E.  Grenoble.     Pop.  1,320. 

Barray,  isl,  one  of  the  Hebrides  of  Scotland 
Pop.  1,969. 

Barre,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  7  m.  S.  Florae. 

Barre,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  7  ra.  S.  E.  Mont  ■ 
pelier ;  Pop.  1,669. 

Barre,  p-t.  Worcester  co,  Mass.  24  m,  N.  W. 
Worcester;  Pop.  1,971.  It  has  good  pastures,  and 
contributes  a  large  quantity  of  beef,,  butter  and 
cheese  for  the  market. 

Barre,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y,  12  m,  N.  Batavia, 

Barre,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa,  Pop.  1,053, 

Barre,  Point,  on  the  W,  coast  of  an  island 
between  King  George's  island  and  Prince  of 
Wales's  archipelago.  Lon.,  226°  32*  E,  Lat,  56° 
25' N. 

Barreiras,  r,  Brazil,  runs  into  the  Atlantic.  Lat. 
19°  45'  S, 

Barreme,t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  11  m.  S. 
Digne. 

Barren  Island,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  18  miles  in 
circumference,  containing  a  volcano  1,800  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  which  discharges  col- 
umns of  smoke  and  showers  of  red  hot  stones, 
some  of  them  3  or  4  tons  weight.   Lat.  12°  15'  N. 

Barren  Island,  in  Bass  straits,  between  Great 
Island  on  the  N.  and  Clarke's  island  on  the  S. 
Lon.  148°  10'  E.  Lat.  40°  23'  S. 

Barren  Isles,  about  3  leagues  fr.  Cape  Eliza- 
beth, the  N.  E.  point  of  Cook's  inlet,  Lon.  200° 
33' E.  Lat.  58°  56' N, 

Barren,  co.  Ken.  on  the  S.  side  of  Green  river. 
Pop,  11,286,     Slaves,  1,724.    Chief  t.  Glasgow. 

Barren,  r.  Ken.  runs  N.  W,  into  Green  river, 
between  Logan  and  Warren  counties.  The  mouth 
of  Little  Barren  riA'er  is  50  miles  above. 


BAR 


B  A  S 


89 


Barrems,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia.  Lat. 
aO^^  S. 

Baniga  JVegra, r.  S.  America,  in  Buenos  Ayres, 
rises  160  miles  IM.  E.  Monte  Video,  falls  into  lake 
Meri. 

Barringfnn,  t.  Queen's  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

Barringlon,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  20m.  N.  W. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  3,564.  Alum  is  found  here.  A 
branch  of  Agamenticus  mt.  passes  tlirough  this 
town. 

Barringlon,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on  Warren  riv- 
er, 7  m.  S.  E.  Providence ;  Pop.  604. 

Barrington,  Cape,  the  S.  E.  point  of  Santa 
Cruz,  or  Egmont  island.  Lon.  164°  32'  E.  Lat. 
10°  58'  S. 

Barrington,  Great,  p-t.  and  the  second  in  rank 
in  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  S.  of  Stockbridge,  ad- 
joining ;  140  m.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,784. 

Barro,  Cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  1030  35'  E.  Lat.  0°  6'  N. 

Barro,  Punta  de  Arena,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  lat.  38°  56'  N.  Lon.  236°  44'  E. 

Barroloos,  nation,  in  the  interior  of  S.  Africa,  N. 
ofLatakoo. 

Barrow,  t.  and  parish  Eng.  Leicestershire,  on 
the  Soar,  2  m.  fr.  Mountsorrel. 

Barrow,  n  Ireland,  rises  in  Queen's  coun- 
ty, and  is  joined  by  the  Nore  and  the  Suir,  and 
falls  into  the  sea  at  Waterford  bay. 

Barrow,  Point,  a  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, 5  m.  E.  Kinsalc.  Lon.  8°  21'  W.  Lat.  51° 
43'  N. 

Barroivford,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire,  4  ra.  fr.  Cli- 
theroe. 

Barrifsville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C 

Barsac,  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Bourdeaux. 

Barseh,  or  Bars,  county  of  Hungary.  Pop. 
86,000.  It  contains  the  two  mining  towns,  Krem- 
nitz  and  Koenigsberg,  12  market  towns,  and  188 
villages. 

Barsdorf,  v.  Silesia,  2  m.  S.  E.  Liegnitz. 

Barsoe,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt.  Lon. 
9°35'E.Lat.  5507'N. 

Barston,  hamlet,  Eng.  Warwickshire,  7  m.  fr. 
Kenilworth. 

Bar-sur-Aube,  t.  France,  on  the  Aube.  30  m. 
E.  by  S.  Troyes.     Pop.  3,600. 

Bar-sur-Oma/M,  {ormerly  Bar-le- Due,  t.  France 
on  the  Ornain,  in  Maese.  42  m.  W.  of  Nancy,  133 
E.  Paris.     Pop.  10,000. 

Bar-sur-Seine,  t.  France,  in  Aube.  Pop.  2,270. 
18  m.  S.  E.  Troyes. 

Bart,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,099. 

Bartenstein,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Nalangen,  on 
the  river  AUe.     28  m.  S.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3,450. 

Bartfeldt,  t.  Hungary,  Sarosch  co.  Pop.  3,800. 
Near  the  town  are  two  chalybeate  springs,  and 
two  baths. 

Barth,  or  Bardt,  s-p.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
Hitli£r  Pomerania,  principality  of  Barth.  Pop. 
3,240.  It  exports  corn  and  wool  to  Sweden ;  it 
has  also  several  dock-yards.  12  m.  N.  W.  Stral- 
sund. 

Bartha  de.  Nestes,  La,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Py- 
renees, 18  m.  S.  E.  Tarbes. 

Barlholemy,  r.  Louisiana,  falls  into  the  Wachi- 
ta  from  the  N.  E.  On  its  banks  are  good  lands, 
which  are  cultivated  by  settlers,  considerably  nu- 
merous. 

Barthen.     ^ee  Barten. 


Bartholomew,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  Staten-Land, 
in  Le  Maire  straits,  E.of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Bariletl,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  60  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Concord.     Pop.  436. 

Barton,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  7  m.  fr.  Richmond. 

Barton,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Burling- 
ton bay,  at  Ihe  west  extremity  of  lake  Ontario. 

Barton,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  39  N.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  447. 

Barton,  r.  Vt,  runs  N.  N.  E.  into  lake  Mem- 
phramagog. 

Barton  on  Humber,  t.  Eng.  Lincolnshire,  op- 
posite Hull.     Pop.  2,204. 

Barton  on  Irwell,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire,  7  m.  from 
Manchester.     Pop.  6,948. 

Barton  under  Keedwood,  t.  Eng.  Staffordshire, 
4i  m.  fr.  Burton. 

Barton,''s  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  into  the  Cum- 
berland, 10  m.  above  Clarksville. 

Bartrach,  isl.  Ireland,  in  the  bay  of  Killala,  at 
the  mouth  of  Moy  river. 

Bartran,  port,  on  tiie  S.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land. 

Bartsch,  r.  Silesia,  falls  into  the  Oder,  7  m. 
above  Great  Glogau. 

Baru,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Carthagena. 

Barus.     See  Baros. 

Baruth,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  duchy  of  Sax- 
ony, 22  m.  S.  S.  E,  Potsdam. 

Bas,  or  Batz,  isl.  France,  in  the  English  chan- 
nel.    Lon.  4°  1'  5"  W.  Lat.  48°  45'  40 "  N. 

Basarschick,  or  Bazardgik,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  15 
m.  N.  W.  Philippopoli. 

Baschi,  v.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  the  Church,  on 
the  Tiber,  9  m.  S.  W.  Todi. 

Basel.     See  Bale. 

Bas- en-Basset,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Loire,  3  n). 
N.  W.  Monistrol.     Pop.  5, 1 00. 

Basford,  t.  Eng.  3  m.  N.  Nottingham. 

Bashan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  country,  E.  of  the  Jor- 
dan and  lake  Tiberias,  Besides  villages,  it  con- 
tained 60  fenced  cities.  It  was  famous  for  its  cag- 
tle.     It  is  now  called  El-Bottin. 

Basliee  Islands,  5  in  number,  in  the  Chinese 
sea,  viz.  Orange,  Monmouth,  Grafton,  Coats,  and 
Bashee.     Lon.  122°  E.    Lat.  20°  28'  to  20°  55'  N. 

Bashilo,  r.  x\byssinia,  separates  Begamder  from 
Amhara,  and  falls  into  the  Bahr-el-Aaergue,  30 
ra.  S.  E.  Alata. 

Bashmut,  district,  Egypt,  on  the  N.  E.  of  tlie 
Delta. 

Basiento,  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Ta- 
rento. 

Basilan,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  off  the 
S.  W.  extremity  of  Magindanao,  60  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Lon.  121°  E.  Lat.  5°  50'  N. 

Basilicata,  or  Matera,  province  io  Naples,  on 
the  Tuscan  sea  and  gulf  of  Tarento,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Appennines. 

Basilipotamo,  r.  Cyprus,  runs  into  the  sea,  15 
m.  E.  Limasol. 

Basilipotamos,  the  ancient  Eurotas,  r.  Eu.  Tur- 
key, in  the  S.  of  the  Morea,  runs  near  the  site  of 
ancient  Sparta,  and  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Kolo- 
kytia. 

Basing,  Old,  in  Hants,  2i  m.  fr.  Basingstoke. 

Basingstoke,  market  t.  and  parish,  Eng.  in 
Hants.  It  has  four  charitv  and  free  schools.  Pop. 
2,656.     47  ra.  W.  London. 

Basin  Harbor,  p-v.  Addison  co.  Vt.  in  the  town- 
ship ol  Ferrisburgh.  on  lake  Champlain. 

Basin.  Minas.,  a  larsre  bodv  ol"  wa#or.  at  the  F. 


12 


90 


B  A  S 


BAT 


end  of  the  Bay  of  FunJy.  The  lands  around  it 
are  good,  watered  by  many  rivers.  Tides  rise 
here  40  feet. 

Baskenridge,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  7  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Morristown.  Gen.  Lee  was  taken  prisoner 
here,  Dec.  13,  1776. 

Bosnian,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf.  Lat.  25° 
'34'  N. 

Basques,  Les,  or  French  Biscay,  district,  on  the 
bay  of  Biscay.  It  has  the  river  Adour  and  the 
Landes  on  the  N.  Beam  on  the  E.  and  the  Pyre- 
nees on  the  S.  and  is  now  included  in  Lower-Py- 
renees. 

Basques  Mer  de.     See  Bayonne,  Bay  of. 

BasqueviUe,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  10  m. 
S.  W.  Dieppe. 

Basrode,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Scheldt,  near 
Dendermonde. 

Bass,  a  rocky  islet  of  Scotland,  in  the  fritli  of 
Forth. 

Bass,  r.  East  Greenland,  runs  into  the  sea.  Lon. 
50°  10'  W.  Lat.  64°  30'  N. 

Bass  Straits,  separate  New  Holland  from  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  and  are  50  leagues  in  length,  and 
the  same  in  breadth.  Groups  of  islands  lie  in  the 
straits,  rendering  the  navigation  dangerous.  liOn, 
147°  E.  Lat.  40°  S. 

Bassa,  t.  Thibet,  on  tlie  Ganges,  46  m.  N.  W. 
Sirinagur. 

Bassa,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Ivory  coast.  Lon. 
7°  5'  W.  Lat.  4°  40'  N. 

Bassac,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  15  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Saintes  ;  another,  2i  m.  N.  N.  E.  Saintes. 

Bassac,  mountains  of  Persia,  between  Lar  and 
Congo. 

Bassan,  t  France,  in  Hcrault,  5  m.  N.  E.  Be- 
ziers. 

Bassano,  t  Venetian  territory,  on  the  Brenta. 
Pop.  11,500.  A  stone  bridge,  1}J2  feet  in  length, 
connects  the  town  witli  Vicantino.  The  trade  is 
in  silk,  cloth,  and  leather.  Here  is  the  extensive 
printing-office  of  Remontini.     12  m.  N.  Vicenza. 

Bassano,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  3  m.  W.  Orta. 

Bassas,  or  Baxas,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Af- 
rica. Lon.  48°  10'  E.  Lat.  4°  55'  N- ;  another, 
on  the  W.  coast,  near  the  moutli  of  the  Rio 
Sestre. 

Basse,  Point,  on  N.  coast  of  Martini  co. 

Basse,  Terre,  chief  t.  of  St.  Christopher's,  W. 
Indies,  at  the  S.  E.  end  of  the  island.  Lon.  62°  36' 
W.  Lat.  17°  24'  N. 

Basse  Terre,  Fort,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Guada- 
loupe. 

Bassee,  La,  t.  France,  in  North,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Douay.     Pop.  2,200. 

Basseen,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hindostan,  on 
an  island,  which  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait 
from  the  island  of  Salsette,  27  m.  N.  Bombay. 

Basselan.     See  Basilan. 

Basses,  or  Thousand  Islands,  off  the  N.  W. 
Coast  of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  139°  27' E.  Lat.  1° 
40' S. 

Bassignana,  t.  Upper  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian 
part  of  Milan,  near  the  influx  of  the  Tanaro  into 
the  Po,  5  m.  N.  Alessandria.     Pop.  3,000. 

Bassigny,  district,  France,  included  in  Upper 
Marne,  Vosgcs  and  Maese. 

Bassloiv,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  3  m.  fr.  Bake- 
Well. 

Bassora,  Bussorn,  or  Basrah,  a  city  of  Asia,  in 
the  gov.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Shat- 
ul-Arab,  wliich  is  navigable  hither  by  vessels  of 


500  tons  burthen.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and 
fortified.  The  houses,  in  general,  are  mean,  being 
constructed  of  clay,  with  a  small  proportion  of 
brick.  Bassora  is  inhabited  by  Arabs,  Turks, 
Persians,  Armenians,  and  some  Europeans,  who 
reside  in  the  factories  belonging  to  their  respect- 
ive countries.  The  Arabs  form  the  most  nume- 
rous class,  and  after  them  the  Turks  and  Armeni- 
ans. Bassora  is  the  grand  emporium  for  all  the 
Indian  produce  which  is  sent  into  the  Turkish  em- 
pire. From  the  various  ports  of  Hindostan,  il 
receives  silk,  muslin,  linen,  white  and  blue  cloth, 
gold  and  silver  stuffs,  various  metals,  sandal  wood, 
and  indigo;  pearls  from  Bahhrein,  and  coffee 
from  Mocha ;  shawls,  fruit,  and  the  precious  met- 
als, from  Persia ;  spices  from  Java,  and  European 
commodities  from  different  ports.  The  greater 
proportion  of  the  commerce  is  carried  on  in  Ara- 
bian bottoms,  the  finest  vessels  navigating  the  In- 
dian seas  now  belonging  to  the  merchants  of  Mas- 
kat.  The  trade  with  the  interior  is  conduct- 
ed by  means  of  caravans  to  Aleppo  and  Bagdad, 
whence  the  goods  are  conveyed  to  Constantinople- 
The  situation  of  the  place  is  unhealthy,  occasion- 
ed by  the  inundations  of  the  river.  'The  neigh- 
bouring country  is  greatly  harassed  by  tribes  of 
predatory  Arabs.  It  is  210  m.  S.  Ispahan,  1,815 
S.  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  44°  46'  E.  Lat.  30= 
32'  N.     Pop.  between  50  and  60,000. 

Bassoues,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  8  m.  N.  W.  Mi- 
rande. 

Basfah.     See  Bislibesh. 

Bastala,  isl.  off  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  103°  23'  S.  Lat.  0°  30'  N. 

Baslan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  supposed  in 
be  the  ancient  Bithynium,  30  m.  S.  W.  Amarsh. 

Bastard,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Bastia,  t.  Corsica,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  isl- 
and. It  is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  and  has  a 
safe  and  spacious  harbor.  Pop.  1 1,500.  58  m.  N. 
E.  Ajaccio. 

Bastia,  s-p.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  of  Albania, 
opijosite  Corfu.    Lon.  20°  12'  E.   Lat.  39°  42'  N. 

Bastia,  t.  Italy,  7  m.  N.  Modena ;  another,  in 
the  States  of  the  Church,  duchy  of  Spoleto. 

Bastide,  La,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  10  m.  S.  E 
Gourdon. 

Bastide  de  Clerence,  La,  t.  France,  in  Lower- 
Pyrenees,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bayonne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Bastide  des  Feuillans,  La,  v.  France,  in  Upper- 
Garonne,  18  m.  S.  W.  Toulouse. 

Bastide  Keuve,  La,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps- 
13  m.  W.  Embrun. 

Bastiglia,  t  Italy,  on  the  Panaro,  below  Mo- 
dena. 

Bastilica,  t  Corsica,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Ajaccio. 

Busiimentos,  islands  near  the  isthmus  of  Darien, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  bay  Nombre  de  Dios.  Lon. 
79°40' W.  Lat.  9=32' N. 

Bastogne,  or  Bastenac,  t.  Netherlands,  in  the 
grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  22  m.  N.  W.  Lux- 
emburg. 

Batacarang,  Point,  a  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast 
of  Sumatra.     Lon.  104°  55'  E.  Lat.  1°  59'  S. 

Batacola,  or  Batticaloe,  an  island  3J  miles  in 
circuit,  in  an  arm  of  the  sea,  which  penetrates 
the  east  coast  of  Ceylon.  Here  is  a  fort,  and  a 
small  village  of  Hindoos  and  Mahometans.  The 
Wesleyan  Methodists  have  a  Missionary  here.  A 
bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  estuary  obstructs  the  ac- 
cess of  vessels  exceeding  70  tons  burthen.  Lon. 
81°  53'  E.  Lat.  7°  45'  N. 


BAT 

^  Baiacole.     See  Batcale,  iv^t*y.'!l 

Bala/ha,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  6  ni.  S'.  S. 
W.  Leiria. 

Batalin^  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon. 
123°  54'  E.  Lat.  1°  21'  S. 

Batang,  isl.  off  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Malacca. 

Balaiia,  city,  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  river, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  the  capital 
of  all  the  Dutch,  or,  as  they  are  now  termed,  the 
Netherland  Indies.  It  was  formerly  styled,  the 
Queen  of  the  East,  but  now  retains  very  little  of 
its  ancient  splendor.  From  its  westerly  situation, 
and  easy  access,  ifis  the  best  and  most  convenient 
port  in  the  island.  In  point  of  security,  however, 
and  conveniency  for  the  landing  and  shipping  of 
goods,  it  bears  no  comparison  to  the  fine  harbor  of 
Surabia.  There  is  a  broad  flat  mud  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  which  is  a  source  of  great 
commercial  expence  and  inconvenience.  Bata- 
via  is  well  known  in  Europe  by  its  fatal  climate. 
The  disease,  which  chiefly  proves  mortal,  is  a  fe- 
ver generated  in  the  putrid  mud  banks  and  stag- 
nant canals  which  are  within  two  miles  of  the 
shore,  and  is  strictly  confined  to  that  limit.  A 
stranger  who  sleeps  for  six  or  eight  days  succes- 
sively in  the  town,  may  certainly  reckon  on  catch- 
ing the  fever,  and  it  is  more  than  an  equal  chance 
that  he  fa,lls  a  victim  to  tliis  terrible  malady.  The 
rest  of  the  island  is  even  eminent  among  tropical 
countries  for  its  salubrity.  I'he  population  was 
formerly  160,000,  but  is  now  reduced  to  47,217,  of 
which  2,028  are  Europeans  and  their  descendants, 
and  the  rest,  Chinese,  Javanese,  Malays,  other 
orientals,  and  slaves.  Batavia  surrendered  to 
the  British  in  1811,  and  was  restored  in  1816.  The 
English  Baptists  have  employed  a  Missionary  in 
this  city  since  1813.  Lon.  106°  51'  E.  Lat.  6° 
ID'S. 

Batavia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  40  m. 
E.  Buffalo,  48  W.  Canandaigua.  Pop.  3,645.  The 
village  is  a  busy,  thriving  place,  with  two  houses 
for  religious  worship,  Ifor  Presbyterians,  and  1  for 
Episcopalians ;  a  court-house,  a  state-arsenal,  and 
about  60  dwelling-houses. 

Batavia,  p-t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W.  Wil- 
liamsburg.    Pop.  in  1815,  200. 

Batcale,  or  Bntacole,  s-p.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of 
Malabar,  20  m.  N.  Barcelore. 

Balchia/i.     See  Bacliian 

Bate,  or  Bhatla  Isle,  Kind,  at  the  S.  W.  extrem- 
ity of  tlie  gulf  of  Cutch.  Lon.  69°  21'  E.  Lat. 
22°  22'  N. 

Batcah,  t.  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  190  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Merida. 

Bath,  cit3',  England,  in  Somerset,  bounded  N. 
W.  and  S.  by  hills  of  considerable  elevation,  and 
intersected  by  the  river  Avon.  This  city  is  cele- 
brated for  its  medicinal  waters,  and  for  its  various 
iources  of  amusement,  and  is  equally  the  resort  of 
valetudinarians  and  the  votaries  of  pleasure. 
There  are  places  of  worship  for  the  members  of 
the  Established  Ciiurch,  Methodists,  Independ- 
ents, Baptists,  Moraviatis,  Roman  Catholics,  Uni- 
tarians, and  Quakers.  The  cathedral  is  the  last 
and  purest  specimen  of  ecclesiastical  Gothic  ar- 
chitecture in  England.  The  benevolent  institu- 
tions of  Bath  are  very  numerous  :  of  these,  the 
chief  is  the  general  hospital,  opened  in  1742,  for 
the  reception  of  the  sick  poor  from  every  part  of 
the  kingdom.  The  hot  springs  to  which  Bath 
principally  owes  her  celebrity,  were  resorted  to 
in  the  time  of  the  Romans,  and  many  splendid 
:r35raents  of  Roman  architecture  are  still  pre- 


BAT 


^i 


served.  There  are  4  public  baths.  King's  and 
Queen's  bath,  the  Cross  bath,  and  the  Hot  bath. 
The  temperature  of  the  difl'erent  springs  varies 
from  93°  to  117<=  of  Fahrenheit.  The  disorders 
particularly  benefitted  by  the  Bath  waters  are 
obstructions  of  the  viscera,  palsies,  gout,  rheuma- 
tism, jaundice,  &Lc.  The  streets  and  houses  of 
modern  Bath  are  of  very  superior  construction. 
The  Queen's  Square,  Circus,  Crescents,  and  Pa- 
rades, are  particularly  admired,  and,  being  built 
with  a  fine  freestone,  Bath  is  one  of  the  most  ele- 
gant cities  of  Europe.  It  is  in  lat.  51°  42  32'  N 
and  in  lon.  2°  21'  30"  W.  107  m.  fr.  London,  67 
fr.  Oxford,  41  fr.  Gloucester,  39  fr.  Salisbury,  and 
12  fr.  Bristol.     Pop.  38,434. 

Bath,  t.  Hungary,  county  of  Grosshout,  6  m. 
N.  E.  Levens. 

Bath,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Kennebec,  16  miles  from  the 
sea,  at  the  head  of  winter  navigation,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Wiscasset,  34  N.  E.  Portland,  153  N.  E-  Boston. 
Lon.  69°  49'  W.  Lat.  43°  55' N.  Pop.  in  1810, 
2,491.  It  is  a  flourishing  townj  and  contains  2 
banks,  ah  academy,  and  3  houses  for  public  wor- 
ship, 2  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 
The  amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  was  20,628  tons- 

Bath,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  67  m.  N.  N.  W.  Concord,  35  N.  E.  by  N. 
Dartmouth  College.     Pop.  545. 

Bath,  p-t.  and  cap.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cohoc- 
ton  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Tioga,  59  m.  S.  W. 
Geneva,  18  N.  W.  Painted  Post,  245  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  1,036. 

Bath,  V.  on  the  E.  bank  of  tlie  Hudson,  opposite 
Albany,  N.  Y.  It  has  mineral  springs  of  some 
value. 

Bath,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Bath,  CO.  Va.  on  the  Jackson,  a  source  of  James 
river,  in  the  Alleghany  mountains,  50  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Staunton,  227  fr.  Washington.  It  has  2  Hot- 
Springs.  The  basin  of  one  is  30  feet  diameter, 
and  the  water  at  the  temperature  of  96<^.  The 
othej',  6  miles  distant,  is  smaller,  and  of  the  tem- 
perature of  112'^,  and  more  efficacious.  The 
springs  are  resorted  to  chiefly  in  July  and  Au- 
gust, for  the  relief  of  rheumatism,  and  other  com- 
plaints.    Pop.  4,837. 

Bath,  t.  Berkley  co.  Va.  104  m.  N.  W.  Wash- 
mglon.  Here  are  the  Berkley  Springs,  which 
see. 

Bath,  p-t.  Beaufort  co.  N.  C.  61  m,  S.  E.  Eden- 
ton,  on  the  N.  side  of  Tar  river,  24  m.  above  Pam- 
lico Sound.     Lat.  35°  31'  N. 

Bath,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

Bath,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Indiana. 

Bathgate,  t.  Scotland,  18  m.  W.  Edinburgh, 
Pop.  2,919. 

Bathoum,  r.  Asia,  anciently  called  Bathys,  rises 
in  the  mountains  of  Armenia,  and  falls  into  the 
Black  sea.     Lon.  41°  20'  E.  Lat.  41°  35'  N. 

Bathousni,  t.  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ba-  ^ 
thoum,  26  m.  S.  Buti. 

Bathurst,  a  Bi-itish  settlement  in  West  Africa, 
formed  within  a  few  years,  on  the  island  of  St. 
Mai-y's,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gambia,  between 
13°  and  14°  N.  lat.  The  object  of  the  settle- 
ment is  to  introduce  a  regular  trade  into  the 
Gambia,  in  lieu  of  the  slave  trade ;  and  thus  far  it 
has  been  remarkably  prospci-ous.  In  1819,  the 
settlement  contained  more  than  1,000  souls,  be- 
sides the  garrison  ;  and  the  duties  on  wax,  ivory, 
gum,  gold,  and  hides,  exported  to  Great  Britain, 
during  the  same  year,  amounted  to  more  than 


92 


B  A  V 


B  A  U 


11,000/.  sterling.  In  point  of  commercial  impor 
tance,  Bathurst  bids  Ibir  to  become  the  first 
British  establishment  in  W.  Africa. 

Balicola.     See  Butacola. 

Batiscan,  r.  Lower  Canada,  falls  into  the  St. 
LaAvrence,  about  15  miles  N.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Batiscan,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  Ba- 
tiscan river. 

Batley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  from  Wake- 
field.    Pop.  2,975. 

Batneer,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  Lon.  74°  45'  E.  Lat. 
29°  28'  N. 

Batonn.     See  Bathovm. 

Baton  Rouge,  p-t.  and  cap.- East-Baton  Rouge 
parish,  Louisiana,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi, 
15  miles  above  the  Ibberville,  140  above  New-Or- 
leans. I'op.  300.  Here  commences  the  high 
ground  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  as  you  as- 
cend from  its  mouth.  It  is  only  25  or  30  feet 
above  its  highest  floods. 

Batsen,  or  Bacs,  a  county  of  Hungary,  boun- 
ded E.  by  the  Theyss,  and  W.  by  the  Danube. 

Batsch,  or  Bacs,t.  Hungary,  capital  of  Batsea, 
20  m.  N.  E.  Funf kirchen,  and  75  S.  Buda.  Lon. 
19°  10' E.  Lat.  46°  18' N. 

Batta,  a  country  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 

Batta  Islands,  30  leagues  N.  of  Luzon. 

Battaglia,  t.  Italy,  9  m.  S.  Padua. 

Battalah,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  24  m.  from  Am- 
retsir.     Lon.  75°  3'  E.  Lat.  31°  34'  N. 

Battam,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Malacca.  Lon.  104° 
E.  Lat.  1°  N. 

BaltecoUah,  t.  Hind,  on  the  sea  coast  of  North 
Canara.     Lon.  74°  37'  E.  Lat.  13°  56'  N. 

Batiee,  or  Bhatly,  district,  Hind.  150  miles  in 
length  and  100  in  breadth,  which  comprehends 
parts  of  the  provinces  of  Delhi,  Lahore,  and  Aj- 
Bieer.     The  capital  is  Batneer. 

Battel,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  anciently  called  Ej)- 
ilon.    6  m.  N.  Hastings,  56  S.  London. 

Baitelma,  t.  Syria,  5  m.  S.  W.  Antioch. 

Battersea,  v.  Eng,  on  the  Thames,  opposite 
Chelsea,  4  m.  W.  London. 

Batticalbe.     See  Batacola. 

Batticofta,  t.  Ceylon,  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  island,  6  m.  N.  W.  Jaffna.  Lon.  80°  15'  E. 
Lat.  9°  45'  It.  It  is  one  of  the  stations  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions.     See  Ceylon. 

Batlletoivn,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  58  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Washington. 

Baturin,  t.  Rufsia,  in  the  Ukraine,  on  the  river 
Sem,  80  m.  E.  S.  E.  Czemigov. 

Batygory,  t.  Russia,  in  Kiev. 

Bacaria,  the  Circle  of,  formed  one  of  the  great 
divisions  of  Germany,  according  to  the  former 
constitution  of  the  empire,  and  was  bounded  E.  by 
Austria,  W.  by  Suabia,  N.  by  Franconia  and  Bo- 
hemia, and  S.  by  Tyrol.  It  comprised  16,588 
square  miles,  with  1,300,000  inhabitants. 

Bavaria,  kingdom  of,  one  of  the  most  considera- 
ble of  the  secondary  states  of  Eui'ope.  It  is  boun- 
ded E.  and  S.  by  the  Austrian  dominions ;  W.  by 
Wirtemberg  and  Baden,  and  N.  by  several  small 
German  States.  It  is  divided  into  the  8  following 
circles  : 

Circles.  Chief  towns. 

The  Iser.  Munich. 

The  Lower  Danube.  Passau. 

The  Regen.  Ratisbon. 

The  Upper  Danute.  Augsburg. 

The  R^zat.  Anspach. 


The  Upper  Main.  BayreutiJ. 

The  Lower  Main.  Wurtzburg 

The  Rhine.  Speyer. 

Bavaria  contains  at  present  32,000  square  miles, 
and  3,560,000  inhabitants.  It  has  risen  gradually 
to  its  present  rank  among  the  nations  of  Europe. 
In  1801  it  contained  only  22,000  square  miles,  and 
2,302,000  inhabitants  ;  but  during  the  prosperity 
of  Bonaparte,  Bavaria  generally  sided  with  France 
in  her  wars  with  other  European  powers ;  and  was 
paid  for  her  attachment,  by  exte  nsive  territorial 
aggrandisements,  made  chiefly  at  the  expense  of 
Austria.  In  1813,  after  the  defeats  of  Bonaparte, 
the  king  changed  his  line  of  policy,  and  concluded 
a  secret  treaty  with  the  allied  powers,  in  which  he 
engaged  to  furnish  a  certain  number  of  troops  in 
support  of  the  common  cause,  and  received  in  re- 
turn a  pledge  that  the  integrity  of  his  territories 
should  be  respected.  The  form  of  government  ia 
Bavaria  is  an  unlimited  monarchy.  The  succes- 
sion to  the  crown  is  hereditary  in  the  male  line, 
but  when  it  is  extinct  in  all  its  branches,  the  su- 
preme power  may  be  vested  in  a  female.  The 
revenue  is  estimated  at  about  2,600,000  /.  Bava- 
ria has  long  been  burdened  with  a  public  debt, 
which  was  not  a  little  increased  by  the  assump- 
tion of  the  debts  of  her  newly  acquired  dominions. 
The  army,  amounts  to  between  40,000  and 
50,000  men.  The  prevailing  religion  in  Bavaria 
is  the  Roman  Catholic,  but  Protestants  enjoy  the 
unrestrained  exercise  of  their  worship,  and  are 
eligible  to  civil  and  military  offices.  The  number 
of  monastic  institutions  in  this  part  of  Germany 
was  formerly  very  great,  but  they  have  almost  all 
been  suppressed  by  the  present  government.  Ed'- 
ucation  has  of  late  years  been  widely  diffused 
through  the  Bavarian  states.  In  the  new  consti- 
tution of  Germany,  as  framed  by  the  53d  and  fol- 
lowing acts  of  the  congress  of  Vienna,  this  state 
has  ojie  vote  in  the  federative  diet,  and  four  in 
the  general  assembly. 

Bavaria,  Lake  of  between  Lower  Bavaria  and 
the  circle  of  Prachin,  in  Bohemia. 

Bavy,  t.  France,  in  North,  8  m.  N.  E.  Ques- 
no)'. 

Bavd,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan.  Pop.  6,200.  1.8 
m.  N.  W,  Vannes. 

Baverd.     See  Miverd. 

Bauerwilz,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Silesia,  10  m. 
N.  W.  Ratisbon. 

Bauge  la  Villc,  t.  France,  in  Main-and-Loirc, 
10  m.  S.  La  P'leche. 

Bauge  le  Cliatel,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  4  m.  E.  Ma- 
con. 

Baughnan,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Wooster.     Pop.Jn  1819,  460. 

Bavgnan,  t.  iiflngal,  on  the  Dummooda  river. 
Lon.  88°  E.  Lat.  ^2°  30'  N. 

Battman^s  Islands,  in  the  S.  Pacific.  Lon.  173° 
W.  Lat.  12°  S. 

Baume  les  JVones,  t.  France,  on  the  Doubs,  16 
m.  N.  E.  Besancon. 

Baumgarten,  Upper  and  Lower,  v.  Prussian 
states,  in  Silesia,  circle  of  Balkerhaun. 

Baumholdcr,  t.  Prnssian  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  25  m.  N.  Deux-Ponts. 

Baunach,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  influx  of  Baunach 
river  into  the  Maine,  7  m.  N.  Bamberg. 

Bauske,  t.  Russia,  in  Courland,  18  m.  S.  Mittau, 
Lon.  23°  30'  E.  Lat.  56°  26'  N. 

Bausset,  t.  France,  in  Var,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mar- 
seilles. 


BAY 


B  E  A 


93 


Baufsch,  or  Budissoiv,  t.  Mpravia,  20  01.  N.  E. 
Olmutz. 

Bautzen,  or  Budessin,  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Sax- 
ony, capital  of  Upper  Lusatia,  on  the  Spree.  It 
has  a  strong  castle  called  Ortenburg.  Near  this 
place  was  fought,  in  June,  1813,  a  bloody  battle 
between  the  French  and  the  allies,  in  which  the 
latter  were  worsted.  30  m.  E.  N.  E.  Dresden, 
76  E.  Leipzig.  Lon.  14°  27'  E.  Lat.  51°  10'  N. 
Pop.  11,350. 

Beaux,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
1 5  m.  E.  N.  E.  Aries.     Fop.  3,300. 

Bnivder,  r,  Eng.  runs  into  the  Tees. 

Bawdsay,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Deben,  5  m.  N.  E.  Harwich. 

Bautry,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  9  m.  S.  Doncas- 
ter. 

Baxuda,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  Parana,  oppo- 
site Santa  Fe. 

Barns,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Africa.  Lon, 
23°  0'  E.  Lat.  34°  S. 

Buy  of  Islands,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan  ;  an- 
other on  the  W.  coast  of  king  George  Ill's  archi- 
pelago. Lon.  ■224°  29'  E.  Lat.  57^  21'  N.  ;  anoth- 
er on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  10  m.  S. 
Cape  Gregory ;  another  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand.     Lon.  135°  38'  W.  Lat.  35°  18'  S. 

Jiay  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New 
Zealand. 

Bayamo,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba,  520  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Havannah.     Lon.  76°  55'  W.  Lat.  20°  46'  N. 

Bayazid,  or  Bajazid,  a  fortified  city  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  50  m.  S.  S.  W.  Erivan,  140  E.  Er- 
zerum.  Lon.  43°  4.5'  E.  Lat.  39°  24'  N.  Pop. . 
30,000. 

Bayerescheri.     See  Bavaria,  Lake  of. 

Bayersdorf,  t.  Bavaria  in  the  circle  of  the  Re- 
isat,  12  m.  N.  Nuremberg. 

Bayeux,  t.  France,  on  the  Aure,  in  Calvados. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  4  m.  from  the  English 
channel,  15  W.  Caen,  80  W.  Rouen,  145  VV. 
N.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  0°  41'  56"  W.  Lat.  49°  16'  34" 
N.     Pop.  10,600. 

Bayham,  i.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie. 

IJnykul,  t.  Hind,  25  m.  S.  Mangalore. 

Bayla,  or  Bela,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran,  containing 
above  2000  houses.  293  m.  N.  Kelat.  Lon.  66° 
40°  E.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. 

Bayladores,  t.  NewCrrenada,  35  m.  S.  S.  W.  Me- 
rida. 

Baylan.     See  Bailan. 

Baylesbury,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va.  about 
70  m.  S.  Richmond. 

Bayon,  t.  France,  on  the  Moselle,  15  m.  S.  Nan- 
<-y. 

Bayonna,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Atlantic,  9  m.  S.  W.  Vigo. 

Bayonna  Isles,  2  islands  in  France,  6  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Bayonne,  called  by  the  ancients,  tlic  Isles  of 
the  Gods. 

Bayonne,  s-p.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Nive  and  Adour,  2  miles  from 
the  bay  of  Biscay.  The  Niv£  and  Adour,  the 
former  of  which  is  navigable  for  18  miles,  and  the 
latter  for  50,  form  a  commodious  harbour,  and 
serve  to  convey  timber,  tar,  and  iron,  from  the 
Pyrenean  mountains  to  Bayonne.  A  citadel,  con- 
structed by  Vauban,  on  the  top  of  an  eminence  in 
the  suburb,  commands  both  the  harbour  and  the 
town.  French  and  foreign  goods  go  from  Bay- 
onne into  Spain,  in  exchange  for  wood,  iron,  fruit, 
gold  and  gilver.    Masts  and  other  wood  foe  ship 


building,  brought  from  the  P}Tenees,  are  exported 
to  Brest  and  other  ports  in  P^rance,  and  wines  and 
chocolate  in  great  quantities  to  the  north  of  Eu- 
rope. The  military  weapon,  called  the  bayonet, 
takes  its  name  from  this  city,  where  it  was  inven- 
ted in  the  I7th  century.  The  language  of  the 
common  people  here  is  the  ancient  Biscayan.  44 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Pau,  518  S.  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon. 
\°  24'  VV.  Lat.  43°  29'  N.     Pop.  12,600. 

Bayonne,  r.  Lower  Canada,  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  from  the  nortli,  nearly  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Richelieu  river. 

Bayon  pierre,  r.  Missisippi,  runs  into  Missisip- 
pi  river,  40  m.  above  Natchez. 

Baypour.     See  Beypoor. 

Bayreuth,  or  Bareith,  formerly  a  principality  of 
Germany,  in  Franconia,  now  included  in  the  cir- 
cles of  the  Lower  Maine  and  the  Ptezat,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Bavaria. 

Bayreuth,  t.  Bavaria,  cap.  of  the  circle  of  the 
Lower  Maine,  164  m.  N.  Ratisbon,  and  48  N.  N. 
E.  Augsburg.  Lon,  11°  17'  E.  Lat.  49°  54'  N. 
Pop.  8,924. 

Bayro,  v.  Brazil,  5  m.  N.  St.  Sebastian. 

Bays^  1.  France,  iu  Mayenne,  6  m.  N.  Evron, 
Pop.  2,100. 

Bays,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  10  m.  N.  E.  Vi- 
viers. 

Baza,  or  Basnh,  t,  Spain,  in  Granada,  20  m. 
N.  E.  Guadix.  'Pop.  7,000. 

Bazas,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  30  ra.  S.E.  Bour- 
deaux.     Pop.  4,540. 

Bazer.     See  Bahar. 

Bagetta,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  5  m.  N.  W. 
W^arren. 

Baziege,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Garonne,  12  m.  S. 
E.  Toulouse. 

Beachgrove,  p-v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Beachy  Head,  promontory,  Eng.  Lon.  0^ 
15'  E.  Lat.  50°  44'  N. 

Beaconsjietd,  t.  Eng.  Buckingham  co.  23  m.  W. 
N.  W.  London. 

Beale,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Shannon  ;  an- 
other, flows  into  the  Medway. 

Bealnabrach,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  Lough  Cor- 
rib. 

Bealshunj,  t.  Harden  co.  Ken.  on  the  E.  bank 
of  RoUingfork,  15  ra.  W.  S.  W.  Bairdstown,  50  S. 
W.  Frankfort. 

BeaWu     See  Buillh. 

Beaminster,  t.  Eng.  Dorsetshire,  6  m.  from  Brid- 
port.     Pop.  2,290. 

Beane,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Lea,  between  Hert- 
ford and  Ware. 

Beanos  creek,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Ten. 

Bean's  station,  p-v.  Granger  co.  Ten. 

Bear  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 

Bear  creek.  Ken.  runs  into  Green  river  in  Ohio 
county. 

Bear  creek,  Alabama,  runs  N.  45  miles  and  falls 
into  the  Tennessee.  The  boundary-line  between 
Alabama  and  Mississippi  strikes  the  'I'ennessee  at 
its  mouth. 

Bearjield,  1.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  10  ra.  S.  W.  Som- 
erset. 

^c«r-^a;),  p-v.  Northumberland  CO.  Pa. 

Bear-grass,  creek,  Ken.  runs  into  the  Ohio  at 
Louisville. 

Bear  Haven.     See  Bantry  Bay. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  North  America,  near  tlie 
Arctic  circle. 

Bear  Lake,  Wliite,  in  lat.  48°  15'  N.  the  head 
water  of  t)ie  Mississippi. 


94 


B  E  A 


Bear,  North.,  a.  small  island,  in  St.  James'  bay, 
Lon.  81°  20'  W.  Lat.  54°  35'  N. 

Bear  Sound,  on  the  W.  coast  of  West  Green- 
land. .  Lon.  49°  W.  Lat.  63°  2(y  N. 

Bear,  South,  a  small  island  in  St.  James's  bay. 
Lon.  81°  20'  W.  Lat.  54°  30'  N. 

Beard'' s  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Alatamaha,  in 
Liberty  county. 

Beard's  mill,  p-v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

Beam,  province,  France,  now  included  in  Low- 
er Pyrenees. 

Beailie' sford,  p-v.  Lincoln  co.  N.C. 

Beaucaire,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhone,  opposite  Tarascon,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It  is  chiefly  re- 
markable for  a  great  annual  fair  held  in  J  uly, 
which  was  formerly  attended  by  merchants  and 
manufacturers  from  most  countries  in  Europe, 
fi'om  the  Levant,  and  sometimes  even  from  Per- 
sia and  Armenia.  The  average  sales  do  not  at 
present  exceed  300,000/.  sterhng.  The  trade  pecu- 
liar to  the  town  consists  in  silk,  wine,  oil,  almonds, 
spices,  drugs,  leather,  wool,  cotton,  &:c.  Pop.  8,000. 
6  m.  N.  Aries,  12  E.  Nismes,  12  S.  W.  Avig- 
non.    Lon.  4°  43'  E.  Lat.  43°  48'  N. 

Beauce,  formerly  a  district  of  France,  now  in- 
cluded in  the  department  of  Jthe  Eure  and  Loire. 

Beauclerc,  Port,  in  an  island  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America.     Lon,  226°  23'  E.  Lat.  56°  IT  N. 

Bearer,  co.  Pa.  on  the  Alleghany  river.  Chief 
LBeaverton.     Pop.  12,168. 

Beaver,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  236. 

Bearer,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  30  m.  N.  W. 
Harrisburg.     Pop.  1,502. 

Beaver,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  S.  E.  Piketon. 

Beaver,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Beaver,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  E.  Cam- 
bridge. 

Beaverdam,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Beaver  creek,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Beaver  creek,  N.  Y.  runs  35  m.  S.  E.  and  falls 
into  Popacton  river,  a  branch  of  the  Delaware. 

Beaver-dam,  creek,  Geo.  runs  S.  E.  and  falls  in- 
to Briar  Creek,  amile  below  Jacksonboro'. 

Beaver  islands,  Lake  Michigan,  40  m.  S.  W. 
Mackinaw. 

Beaver'* s  dam,  p-v.  Qeen-Anne  co.  Md. 

Beavertown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  at  the 
junction  of  Bigbeaver  river  with  the  Ohio,  30  m. 
below  Pittsburg.  Pop.  426.  It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  various 
manufactories.  In  its  fieighbourhood  is  an  iron 
mine. 

Beavertovm,  p-t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

Beaver-dam,  p-v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

Beaufort,  t.  Savoy,  30  m.  E.  N.  E.  Chamberry. 

Beaufort,  co.  N.  C.  on  Pamlico  Sound,  at  the 
mouth  of  Tar  river.  Clxief  t.  Washington.  Pop. 
7,203.     Slaves  2,568. 

Beaufort,  s-p.  and  cap.  Carteret  co.  N.  C.  on 
Core  Sound,  27  m.  from  Cape  Look-out,  45  S. 
Newbern.  Lat.  34°  42'  N.  Pop.  about  500.  Ship- 
ping in  1815,  1,537  tons.  Beaufort  Metis  under 
the  lee-shore  of  Cape  Look-out.  The  deptli  of 
water  on  the  bar  is  14  feet.  Within  the  bar  is  a 
fcafe  and  spacious  harbour.  It  is  proposed  to  make 
this  inlet  the  channel  of  trade  for  all  the  rivers  of 
N.  Carolina  north  of  Cape  Fear ;  and  for  this  pur- 
pose to  connect  it  by  canals  with  the  Neuse,  the 
Tar,  and  the  Roanoke. 

Beaufort,  district,  S.  C.  on  the  sea-coast,  be- 
tween Savannah  and  Combaree  rivers.    Chief 


B  E  A 

lowtt:^,  Beautort  and  Coosaliatchie.  Pop.  2o,8yT. 
Slaves  20,914. 

Beaufort,  9-Tp.  and  p-t.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C 
on  Port-royal  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Coosa- 
hatchie,  73  m.  S.  Charleston,  60  N.  Savannah. 
Pop.  about  1,000.  Shipping  in  1815,  1,537  tons. 
Its  harbour  is  deep  and  large,  and  was  once  a  sta- 
tion of  the  British  fleet.  Here  is  a  chartered 
college,  with  funds  of  60  or  70,000  dollars,  and  a 
handsome  edifice,  and  schools  for  the  preparatory 
studies  ;  but  it  is  not  provided  with  instructors  in 
the  studies  of  acoUegial  course,  and  does  not  con- 
fer degrees.  The  public  library  contains  700  vol- 
umes. 

Beaufort  en  Vallee,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  15  m.  E.  Angers.     Pop.  6,000. 

Bcaugencif,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Orleans.      Pop.  4,900. 

Beaugeu,  t.  France,  on  the  Aiere,  in  Rhone, 
27  m.  N.  N.  W.  Lyons. 

Beauharnois,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  m.  S. 
W.  Montreal. 

Beaujeu,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  river  Sorel,  28  m.  S.  Montreal. 

Beauley,r.  Scotland,  flows  into  the  Murray 
frith,  at  the  village  of  Beauley,  10  m.  W.  Inver- 
ness. 

Beaulieu,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  tlie  English  chan- 
nel. 

Beaulieu,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  18  m.S.  Tulle  ; 
another  on  the  Indre,  opposite  Loches  ;  another  on 
the  Loire,  5  m .  S.  Briare. 

Beaumarchais,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  19  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Auch. 

Beaumaris,  s-p.  and  borough,  Wales,  island  of 
Anglesey,  on  a  bay  formed  by  the  Menai  strait.  28 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Holyhead.  Lon.  4°  15'  W.  Lat.  £3.° 
14' N.     Pop.  1,510. 

Beaumes,r.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  15  m.  N.E. 
Avignon. 

Beaumont,  t.  Netherlands,  8  m.  E.  Maubeuge. 

Beaumont,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  8  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Poitiers  ;  another  in  Perigor,  28  m.  S.  Perigeux  ; 
one  in  Puy-de-dome,  2^  m.  S.  Clermont-Ferrand; 
one  in  Seine-and-Marne,  20m.S.Fontainbleau ;  one 
in  Indre-and-Loire,  4  m.  W.  N.  W.  Chinon;  one 
in  Calvados,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Caen ;  one  in  Vau- 
cluse, 14  m.  N.  E.  Aix ;  one  in  Drome,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Valence  ;  one  in  La  Manche,  8  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Cherbourg. 

Beaumont,  seigniory,  Hartford  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  11  m.  E.  Que- 
bec. 

Beaumont  en  Argonne,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes, 
20  m.  S.  E.  Mezieres. 

Beaumont  de  Lomagne,  t.  France,  in  Tarne-and 
Garonne,  28  m.  N.  W.  Toulouse. 

Beaumont  sur  Oise,  t.  France,  20  m.  N.  Paris. 

Beaumont  le  Roger,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  28  m. 
S.  Rouen. 

Beaumont  le  Vicomle,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  Vi 
m.  S.  Alencon.     Poj).  2,400. 

Beaune,  or  Beaulne,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or. 
20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Dijon.     Pop.  10,114. 

Beaune,  t.  France,  25  m.  N.  W.  Orleans.  Pop. 
2,060. 

Beauport,  seigniory,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Montmorenci  river  ;  3  m.  N.  by  E. 
Quebec.  The  village  has  a  catholic  church  and 
about  60  houses.  • 


BED 


BEE 


95 


Beavpreau,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loirc,  25 
m.  S.  \V .  Angers. 

Bmupuy  de  Graniaque^  t.  France,  in  Upper  Ga- 
ronne, 3  m.  E.  N.  E.  Toulouse. 

Beauregard  VEveque,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de 
Dome.     9  m.  E.  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Btaurieux,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  16  m.  E.  Sois- 
sons. 

Beaurivage,  r.  Lower  Canada,  falls  into  the 
Chaudiere,  about  4miles  before  its  confluence  with 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Beanssault,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  5  m.  S. 
Neufchatel. 

Bcausse.     See  Beauce. 

Beausset,  t.  France,  in  Var;  7  m.  N.  W.  Toulon. 
Beauvnis,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Oise,  on  the  The- 
rin.  It  was  besieged  by  the  English  without  suc- 
cess, in  1443,  and  by  duke  Charles  of  Burgundy, 
with  a  similar  result,  in  1472,  though  at  the  head 
of  80,000  men.  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  2° 
19'  E.  Lat.  49°  25'  N.     Pop.  12,800. 

Beauville,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  10 
m.  N.  Valence.     Pop.  1,800. 

Beauvoir  stir  Mer,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  7 
m.  N.  W.  Chalons.     Pop.  1,900. 

Bebre,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Loire,  opposite 
Bourbon-Lancy. 

Bee,  Lc,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  16  m.  S.  W.  Rouen. 
Bee  de  Marsoin,  peninsula  on  the  N.  coast  of  St. 
Domingo.     Lon.  74°  27'  W.  Lat.  18°  36'  N. 

Becaneour,  r.  Lower  Canada,  runs  into  the  St. 
Lawrence,  about  7  m.  below  Three  Rivers,  on 
the  opposite  bank.     It  gives  name  to  a  seigniory. 

Beccles,  t.  Eng.  Suffolk  co.  on  the  Waveney, 
which  is  navigable  hither  from  Yarmouth,  15 
miles.     Pop.  2,979. 

Bechin,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Luschnitz,  50  m.  S. 
of  Prague.     Lon.  14°  19'  E.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. 

Becken,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  Westi>halia, 
on  the  VVers,  between  Lippstadtand  Munster. 

Becket,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  17  m.  S.  E. 
Lenox. 

Beclchamsville,  p-t.  Chester  co.  S.  C.  on  the  Wa- 
teree,  30  m.  N.  W.  Camden. 

Beckington,  t,  Eng.  Somersetshire,  2  m,  S.  E, 
Frome, 

BeckmansviUe,  p-v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 
Becur,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Egypt,  12  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Alexandria. 

Bcdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  fr.  Richmond. 
Bedakshan.     See  Badaicshan. 
Bedanore.     See  Bednore. 
Bedar,  v.  Palestine,  2  m.  fr.  Acre. 
Bedarides,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  5  m.  N.  Avig- 
non. 

Bedarrieux,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  33  m.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  3,340. 

Beddington,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N. 
W.  Machias. 

Bedford,  county  Eng.  hounded  N.  and  N.  W. 
by  Northamptonshire,  E.  by  Huntingdon,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Hertford,  and  W.  by  the  counties  of 
Buckingham  and  Northampton.  It  contains  about 
430  square  miles.  The  manufactures  are  plaiting 
of  straw  and  making  tliread-lace,  in  which  nearly 
three-fourtlis  of  the  female  population  are  em- 
ployed. Pop.  70,213.  Families  14,927  ;  of  whom 
9,431  were  engaged  in  agriculture,  and  4,155  in 
manufactures. 

Bedford,  t.  Eng.  and  capital  of  Bedfordshire  is 
on  both  sides  of  the  Ouse,  22  m.  S.  E.  Northamp- 
ton, 50  N.  of  London.  Lon.  0°  27'  W.  Lat.  52° 
8'N.    It  contaics  five  churches :  three  on  the  N. 


and  two  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river ;  a  house  of  in- 
dustry, a  county  infirmary,  a  county  jail,  and  an 
asylum  for  lunatics.  Bedford  is  a  borough  and 
corporation  by  prescription,  and  has  sent  two 
members  to  parliament  since  the  year  1295. 

Bedford,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire,  7  m.  fr.  Newton. 

Bedford,  t.  Frontenac  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Bedford,  county.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Richelieu  river,  and  bordering  on  Vermont. 

Bedford,  p-t,  Hillsborough  co.  New-Hampshire, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Merrimac,  19  m.  below 
Concord. 

Bedford,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  16  m.  N.  W.- 
Boston ;  Pop.  592. 

Bedford,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  40  m.  N.  by 
E.  New-York.  Pop.  2,374.  Here  is  an  Acade- 
my. The  courts  are  held  alternately  here  and  at 
White  Plains. 

Bedford,  co.  Pa.  bordering  on  Maryland  ;  Pop. 
15,746.     Chief  t.  Bedford. 

Bedford,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  100  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Pittsburg,  200  W.  Philadelphia ;  Pop. 
1,342.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  on  a  branch  of  the 
Juniatta. 

Bedford,  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  James  river. 
Chief  t.  Liberty.     Pop.  16,148.     Slaves.  6,147. 

Bedford,  t.  Richmond  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  riv- 
er, 4  m.  above  Augusta. 

Bedford,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  Duck  river. 
Pop.  8,282.     Slaves,  1,180.     Chief  t.  Shelbj-ville. 

Bedford,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Missouri. 

Bedford,  Cape,  N.  E.  extremity  of  New-Holland* 
Lon.  214^^  43' W.  Lat.  15°  16' S. 

Bedis  de  Gomera.     See  Gomera. 

Bedminster,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  20  m.  N.  W, 
New-Brunswick;  Pop.  1,312. 

Bedminster,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,199. 

Bednal.     See  Bethnal  Green. 

Bednore,  or  Biddanore,  district  Hind,  in  the  N, 
W.  extremity  of  the  territories  of  Mysore,  on  the 
summit  of  the  western  Ghauts. 

Bednore,  t.  Hind,  capital  of  the  tlistrict  of  Bed- 
nore, 187  m.  N.  W.  Seringapatam,  330  S.  S.  E, 
Bombay.  Lon.  74°  48'  E  Lat.  13°  47'  N.  It  was 
formerly  a  wealthy  and  magnificent  city  con- 
taining 20,000  houses,  but  is  now  reduced.  At 
the  period  of  its  capture  by  Hyder  Ali,  the  plun- 
der gained  from  it  was  computed  at  12  millions 
sterling.  That  sovereign  changed  its  name  to  Hy- 
dernagur.     Lon.  75°  6'  E.  Lat.  13°  48'  N. 

Bedouins,  wandering  Arabs  who  inhabit  the 
desert.  Many  tribes  are  notorious  robbers,  so 
that  it  is  dangerous  to  pass  through  any  territorj- 
occupied  by  them.  They  are  dispersed  in  great 
numbers  throughout  Asia  and  Africa. 

Bedr  Hunein,  v.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  between 
Mecca  and  Medina. 

Bedus  Indians,  N.  America,  320  in  number  on 
Trinity  river. 

Bedwin,  Great,  t.  Eng.  Wiltshire,  6  m.  W, 
Hungerford. 

Beekman,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  E.  Pough- 
keepsie.  Pop.  3,934.  It  contains  4  meeting- 
houses of  the  Friends,  1  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
and  1  of  the  Baptist  societies. 

Beclen's ferry,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Beelike,  or  Beelich,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
W^estphalia,  12  m.  E.  N.  E.  Arensberg. 

Beer,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  12  m.  N.  Jerusalem 
also,  the  name  of  an  encampment  of  the  Israelites 
in  the  Wilderness. 

•  Beer,  Beerjick,  Bir,  or  Biradschik,  t.  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Euphrates.    It  is 


m 


B  E  J 


a  thoroughfare  from  Aleppo  to  Orfa,  Diarbekir, 
and  Persia.  Formerly  considerable  trade  was 
carried  on  to  Bagdad  by  means  of  vessels  de- 
scending the  river.  67  m.  fr.  Orfa,  115  S.  W. 
Diarbekir,  and  60  N.  E.  of  Aleppo.  Lon.  38°  6' 
E.  Lat.  36°  48'  N. 

Beer,  or  Bere  Regis,  t.  Eng.  Dorsetshire,  9  m. 
ic.  Blandford. 

Beer-elm,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  Moab. 

Jieer  Emir,  t,  Palestine,  3  m.  S.  Nazareth. 

Beeralston.     See  Berealston. 

Beering''sBay,on  the  W. coast  of N.  America, 
Lon.  221°  E.  Lat.  59°  18'  N.  It  was  formerly 
called  Admiralty  bay. 

Bcering''s  Island,  an  unhihabited  island  in  the 
N.  Pacific  ocean,  104  miles  long,  by  15  broad. 
Lon,  167°  E.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Beering''s  Straits,  the  narrow  sea  between  the 
W.  coast  of  N.  America  and  the  E.  coast  of  Asia. 
In  the  narrowest  part  in  Lat.  66°  they  are  39 
miles  wide. 

Beer-la-hai-roi,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  well,  in  the 
Wilderness,  between  Palestine  and  Egypt. 

Beeroth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Benjamin,  be- 
tween Jerusalem  and  Shechem. 

Beerskeba,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  20  m.  S.  W.  He- 
bron, 42  fr.  Jerusalem,  on  the  S  border  of  Pales- 
tine. Hence  die  phrase,  '  all  Israel  from  Dan  to 
Beer-sheba.' 

Beeskow,  t.  in  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  Spree, 
16  m.  S.  W.  Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  and  40  E.  S. 
E.  Berlin. 

Beeston,  t.  Eng.  Cheshire,  7  m.  W.  Nantwich. 
"  Befort,  county  of  France,  now  included  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Rhine.  The  town  of 
Befort  lies  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges,  where  6  high 
roads  meet :  2  from  Switzerland,  2  from  Paris,  one 
i'rom  Lorraine,  and  one  from  Strasburg.  Pop. 
5,000.  35  m.  S.  W.  Colmar,  70  S.  W.  Strasburg. 
Lon.  6°  57'  E.  Lat.  47°  38'  N. 

Begenxder,  province,  Abyssinia,  having  Dembea 
W.Amhara  S.  Samen  N.  and  Angot  E.  It  is  180 
miles  long,  and  60  broad. 

Beggenried,  v.  Switzerland,  in  Unterwalden, 
on  the  lake  of  Lucerne,  6  m.  fr.  Stantz. 

Begherme,  country,  Central  Africa,  has  Bornou 
iV.  Bergoo  E.  and  Cassina  W. 

-Be/taian,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars.  Pop.  10,000.  153 
m.  fr.  Shiraz. 

Behirai  el  MerdJ,  lake,  Syria,  21  m.  E.  Damas- 
cus- 

Behni's  Canal,  channel  which  separates  the  isl- 
and of  Rcvilla  Gigedo  from  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America. 

Behring''s  Island.    See  Beering''s  Island. 

Beja,  or  Bexa,  in  Alentejo,  Portugal,  compre- 
hends 1  city,  3  towns,  and  21  parishes.  72  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Lisbon. 

Bejagur,  district  Hind,  in  Candeish,  about  150 
miles  long,  and  30  broad. 

Bejapour,  or  Visiapour,  a  province  of  Hindos- 
tan,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  Arungabad  and  Beder, 
S.  by  North  Canara  and  the  river  Toombudra, 
and  W.  by  the  sea  :  about  350  miles  long,  by  200 
broad.  Four-fifths  of  it  are  subject  to  the  Mah- 
rattas,  the  rest  to  the  Nizam.  Its  population  is 
calculated  at  seven  millions,  of  which  the  Ma- 
hometans constitute  a  twentieth  part,  and  the  rest 
ai-e  Hindoos. 

Bejapour,  or  Visiapour,  city.  Hind,  capital  of 
Bejapour  province.  It  is  a  place  of  very  great  ex- 
tent, consisting  of  three  towns  within  each  other. 
The  innermost  i"  the  cibidcl,  a  mile  in  circuit ; 


BEL 

the  next  is  the  fort,  eight  miles  in  conipass,  and 
the  third  is  environ' d  by  a  wall.  During  the  pe- 
riod of  its  greatest  prosperity,  it  is  said  to  have 
contained,  984,456  houses,  and  1,600  mosques. 
The  citadel  is  a  place  of  very  great  strength,  and 
is  encompassed  by  a  ditch,  in  most  places  10(J 
yards  wide.  There  are  several  mosques  and  mau- 
soleums adorned  with  all  the  embellishments  ol 
eastern  architecture,  one  of  which  is  said  to  have 
cost  700,000^.  and  to  have  occupied  6,533  work- 
men, during  36  years,  11  months,  and  11  days. 
Bejapour  was  besieged  by  Aurungzebe,  and  sur- 
rendered by  capitulation  in  1689.  Lon.  75°  42' 
E.  Lat.  17°  9'  N. 

Bejar,  or  Bejas,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  in  Pia- 
centia,  10  m.  N.  Coria. 

Beichlingcn,  a  county  of  Saxony,  in  Thuringia, 
belonging,  since  1815,  to  Prussia.  The  castle  of 
Beichlingen  is  18  m.  N.  Weimar,  and  20  N.  E. 
Erfurt. 

Bejetzk,  or  Beshtzh,  t.  Russia,  48  ra.  N.  N.  E. 
Twer. 

Beilen.     See  Bailen. 

Beilngries,  t.  Bavaria,  16  ra.  N.  E.  Eichstadl. 

Bcilstein,  t.  Prussian  states,  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Moselle,  22  m.  W.  Coblentz. 
Another,  5  m.  S.  Dillcnburg. 

Beilstein,  t.  Wirtemberg,^  14  m.  N.  Stuttgard. 

Beinuc,  or  Bet/nal,  t.  France,  8  m.  S.  Tulle. 

Beira,  a  province  of  Portugal,  bounded  N.  by 
Tras-los-Montes  and  Entre  Duero  e  Minho,  E.  by 
Spain,  S.  by  Portuguese  Estremadura  and  Alen- 
tejo, and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  Extent  11,000 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1810,  830,602. 

Beiragur,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  14  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Boad. 

Beit  el  Fatah,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  particu- 
larly celebrated  for  its  trade  in  coffee,  which 
grows  in  the  hills,  distant  about  60  miles. 
The  quantity  carried  to  Mocha,  is  about  4000 
bales  of  313  pounds  each.  Several  European 
powers  have  had  residents  at  Beit  el  Fakih, 
and  merchants  resort  thither  from  Persia,  Russia, 
Turkey,  Barbary,  and  Africa,  in  general.  30  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Hodeida,  72  N.  Mocha.  Lon.  43°  23'  E. 
Lat.  14°  32"  N. 

Beith,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  8  m.  N.  Ir\ane. 
Pop.  of  the  parish,  4,050. 

Bejucal,  city,  Cuba,  21  m.  from  Havannah. 

Bekes,  t.  Hungary,  in  the  county  of  Bekesch, 
on  the  Black  Karosch. 

Bekesch  {Beks  Varmegye),  a  county  of  Hun- 
gary, bounded  N.  by  Great  Cumania  and  Bihar, 
E.  by  Bihar  and  Zarand,  S.  by  Arad,  and  W.  by 
Solnok  and  Czongrad.     Pop.  55,000. 

Bekia,  or  Boquio,  isl.  West  Indies,  60  m.  N.  E. 
Grenada,  99  W.  S.  W.  Earbadoes,  Lat.  13° 
2'N. 

Bela.     See  Bailen. 

Bela,  t.  Hungary,  in  the  county  of  Zips. 

Bel-Alcazar,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  35  m.  N.  N, 
W.  Cordova.     Pop.  2,500. 

Belbeis,  t.  Egypt,  35  m.  N.  E.  Cairo,  4  N.  W. 
Suez. 

Belho,  r.  Piedmont,  falls,  in  to  the  Tanaro  near 
Alexandria. 

Belcastro,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  near  the 
gulf  of  Squillace,  10  m.  N.  E.  St.  Severina. 

Belchertmvn,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  15  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Northampton,   80  W.  Boston.     Pop.  2,270. 

Bclcs,  t.  Austrian  Galicia,  near  the  river  Bug, 
with  a  castle,  148  m.  E.CracoAV,  152  S.S,  E,  War- 
saw.    Lon,  24°  12'  F.  T.nt.  ;'.0o  24'  N, 


B  E  I. 

Btkd  Caroon.    See  Caroon. 

Beled  el  Haram,  i.  e.  the  Holy  Land  of  Islam,  a 
district  of  Arabia  on  the  coast  of  the  Red  sea.  It 
extends  from  the  port  of  Araboss,  21  leagues  N. 
of  Jedda,  to  a  port  called  Almassa  Ibrahim,  32 
Jeagues  S.  E.  Jedda. 

Beled  Mousa.     See  ^rment. 

Belem,  Bellem,  or  Bethlem,  t.  Portuguese  Estre- 
madura,  on  the  Tagus,  3  m.  W.  Lisbon. 

Beles.     See  Balis. 

Belese,  r.  Persia,  flows  into  the  Hermundj  in 
Seistan. 

Beleser,  t.  Palestine,  14  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Belesme,  or  Belleme,  t.  iVance,  in  Orne,  20  m. 
E.  by  S.  Alencon. 

Belfast,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Antrim  co.  at  the  efflux 
of  the  river  Lagan  into  Carrickfergus  bay,  80  m, 
N.  Dublin.  The  port  is  connected  with  tYte  ex- 
tensive lake  called  Lough  Neagh,  by  a  canal  which 
is  navigable  for  lighters.  Belfast  has  considera- 
ble manufiictures,  and  an  extensive  commerce ; 
the  principal  branch  of  the  former  consists  in  the 
weaving  of  linen  and  cottons.  There  are  also 
manufactories  of  glass,  vitriol,  pottery,  and  seve- 
ral sugar  refineries.  The  chief  exports  are  linen, 
butter,  beef,  pork,  and  oatmeal ;  the  total  value  of 
which,  in  1810,  was  2,904,520/.  Considerable 
trade  is  carried  on  with  the  West  Indies,  Ameri- 
ca, and  other  parts  of  the  world.  The  progress  of 
Belfast  in  population  and  commerce,  has  been  re- 
markably rapid.  In  1758,  the  population  was 
8,549,  in  1782,  13,105,  in  1798,  18,320,  and  in 
1816  was  computed  at  30,000.  The  custom-house 
duties  for  1800  were,  62,668/.;  and  for  1816, 
349,417/.     Lon.  5°  46'  W.  Lat.  54°  35'  N. 

Belfast,  s-p.  and  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on 
Penobscot  bay,  9  m.  fr.  Castinc,  across  the  bay,  40 
N.  E.  Hallowel  and  Augusta.  Pop.  1,274.  It  has 
a  good  harbor,  and  is  a  place  of  trade.  Here  is 
an  Academy. 

Belfast,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  750. 

Belfast,  p-v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C 

Belfonte,  or  Belforte,  v.  Ecclesiastical  state,  in 
Marca  d'Ancona,  on  the  river  Chienti,  12  m.  N. 
E.  Camerino. 

Belford,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  12  m.  N. 
Alnwick. 

Belford,  p-v.  Nash  co.  N.  C, 

Belforte,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Taro,  19  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Parma ;  one  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  duchy  of 
Urbino ;  one  in  Naples,  Calabria  Ultra. 

Belgard,  t.  Prussia,  in  Farther  Pomerania,  38 
m.  N.  W.  New  Stettin,  40  E.  Camin.  Lon.  15° 
50' E.  Lat.  53'^  59' N. 

Belgerin,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Elbe,  24  m.  N.  W. 
Meissen,  36  N.  W.  Dresxlen. 

Belgiojoso,  t.  Milan,  on  the  Po,  6  m.  E.  Pavia. 

Belgium,  the  name  given  by  the  French,  after 
the  revolution,  to  the  Netherlands,  (viz.  to  the 
provinces  of  Limburg,  Upper  Guelderland,  Ant- 
werp, and  Mechlin,  and  the  gi-eater  part  of  Flan- 
ders, Hainault,  Namur,  Luxemburg,  and  Bra- 
bant,) which  they  annexed  to  their  empire  in 
1795,  and  divided  with  the  bishopric  of  Liege, 
into  the  nine  following  departments :  the  Lys,  the 
Scheldt,  Gemappc,  tlie  Dyle,  the  Deux  Nethes, 
the  Sambre  and  Mcuse,  the  Ourthe,  the  Loire, 
the  Maese,  and  the  Forets.  The  chief  places  of 
these  depai-tments  were  Bruges,  Ghent,  Mons, 
Brussels,  Antwerp,  Liege,  Namur,  Maestricht, 
and  Luxemburg.  Belgium  now  forma  an  impor- 
tant part  of  tlie  kingdom  <5f  th*^  JVethniandsy 
which  ?cc. 

13 


BEL 


97 


Belgrad,  v.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  near 
Constantinople,  11  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Pera. 

Belgrade,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  at  the  con- 
flux of  the  Save  and  Danube,  150  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bu- 
da,  440  N.  W.  Constantinople.  Lon.  20°  10'  E. 
Lat.  44°  43'  N.  It  consists  of  four  parts,  1,  the 
Fortress,  standing  on  a  steep  eminence  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  whole,  and  commanding  the  Danube. 
It  is  inclosed  with  high  walls,  strong  towers,  and 
a  triple  ditch,  and  is  provided  with  mines  and 
bomb-proof  casemates,  2.  the  Water-side  Di- 
vision, lying  on  the  north,  not  far  from  the'  junct- 
ion of  the  two  rivers,  and  defended  in  like 
manner  by  walls  and  ditches,  3,  the  Rascian 
town,  towards  the  west,  in  the  direction  of  the 
Save,   is  inclosed  with  walls  and  pallisades ;  and 

4,  the  Palanka,  which  encircles  the  fortress  on  the 
south  and  east.  The  population  is  about  25,000, 
and  consists  principally,  of  the  families  of  the 
Turkish  Janissaries,  by  whom  the  fort  is  garri- 
soned. Belgrade  ^  advantageously  situated  for 
commerce,  having  an  easy  communication  with 
Vienna  and  the  Black  sea.  Its  situation  as  the 
key  of  Hungary,  has  frequently  rendered  it  the 
object  of  fierce  contention  between  the  Austriana 
and  the  Turks. 

Belgrade,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  13  m.  N. 
Augusta.     Pop.  996. 

Belgrado,t.  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  18  m.  S.  Udine, 
27  N.  E,  Treviso, 

Belsram,  t,  Hiiad,  in  Oude.  Lon.  86°  3'  E. 
Lat.  27°  13' N, 

Belian,  r.  Great  Bukharia,  flows  into  the  Har- 
rat,  60  m.  W.  S,  W,  Badakshan. 

Bclim,  or  Belin,  t.  France,  48  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Bourdeaux. 

Belitz,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  middle  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 12  m.  S.  W.  Potsdam,  28  S.  W.  Berlin. 

Bellac,  or  Belac,  t,  Franpe,  in  Upper  Vienne, 
20  m,  N,  W,  Limoges. 

BeUagio,  v.  Italy,  in  Milan,  at  the  S.  E,  extrem- 
ity of  lake  Como,  13  m,  N.  N.  E.  Como. 

Bellair,  or  Les  Ecureuils,  seignior}',  Hampshire 
CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 22  m.  W,  Quebec. 

Bellair,  p-t.  and  cap.  Harford  co.  Md.  22  m.  N. 
E.  Baltimore. 

Bell-air,  p-v.  Lancaster  district,  S.  C. 

Bella  Isola.     See  Borromei  Islands. 

Bellano,  t.  Italy,  in  Milan,  on  the  E.  banlf  of 
lake  Como,  17  m.  N.  N.  E  Como. 

Bellary,  t  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  187  m.  N.  Se- 
ringapatam.  The  London  Missionary  Society  had 
here  in  1819,  3  missionaries,  who  had  established 
11  schools,  containing  553  schplars.  The  station 
is  increased  in  importance  by  a  late  extension  of 
the  British  territory  in  its  vicinity. 

Bellas,  t,  Portugal,  8  m,  N,  W,  Lisbon. 

Bellbrook,  p-t. Green  co.  Ohio. 

Belle-Bay,  on  tlie  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
N,  of  Fortune  bay. 

Belle  Fontaine,  v.  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri,  on  the 

5.  side  of  Missouri  river,  4  m.  above  its  ^louth,  15 
N.  St.  Louis.    The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  French. 

Bellefontc,  p-t.  and  cap.  Centre  co.  Pa.  about 
70  m.  N.  W.  Harrisburg.  Pop.  303.  It  stands  at 
the  head  qf  boat  navigation,  on  Spring-creek,  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  a  bank,  and  an  acad-^ 
emy, 

Bellegarde,  fort,  Fi'ance,  on  the  side  of  Spain, 
in  Eastern  Pyrenees.  It  is  regularly  constructed, 
and  has  five  bastions.  4  rn.  S:  p.  Ceret.  }F*  S, 
Perpignau,. 


^e 


BEL 


BEL 


Bellfigarde,  t,  France,  in  La  Crease,  Hm-lti. 
Aubusson. 

Belle-Isle,  isl.  Ireland,  in  Lough  Erne. 

Belle-Ish,  or  Belleisle  en  Mer,  isl.  France,  in  the 
bay  of  Biscay,  15  miles  long,  and  from  5  to  12 
broad.  It  is  2b  m.  S.  W.  Vannes,  28  W.  Guerande. 
Lon.  3°  5'  W.  Lat.  47°  17'  N.     Pop.  5,570. 

Belleisle,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  straits  of  Bel- 
lisle,  between  Labrador  and  the  N.  end  of  New- 
foundland island.  Lon.  55°  15'  W.  Lat.  51° 
68' N. 

Bellenave,  t  France,  in  AUier,  25  m.  S,  S.  W. 
Moulins. 

Bellesta,  or  Bcllestal,  v.  France,  in  Arriege,  10 
jTi.  S.  Mirepoix. 

Belleville,  v.  France,  in  Seine,  on  a  height  about 
3  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Belleville  sur  Saone,  t.  France,  in  Rhone,  7  m. 
N.  Villefranche.     Pop.  2,000. 

Bellevieiv,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri,  13  m.  fr. 
Herculaneum.  It  contains  not  less  than  60  fami- 
lies ;  and  the  land  is  fertile.  South  and  west  of 
this  settlement,  the  country  is  mountainous  and 
barren. 

Belleville,  p-v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Passaic,  5 
m.  above  Newark. 

Belleville,  p-t.  Wood  co.  Va.  on  the  Ohio,  5  m. 
below  the  mouth  of  Hockhocking  river. 

Belleville,  p-v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

Belleville,  t.  and  cap.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

Belleville,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on  a  W.  branch 
of  Mohiccan  creek. 

Belleville,  p-t  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois,  15  m.  E.  Ca- 
hokia,  50  N.  Kaskaskias. 

Bellevue,  fief,  Surry  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  N.  E.  Montreal. 

Belle)/,  or  Bellay,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  35  m.  S.  E. 
Bourg. 

Bellfield,  v.  Greensville  co.  Va.  on  the  Meher- 
rin,  opposite  Hicksford,  45  m.  S.  Petersburg. 

Bellheim,  t.  belonging  to  Bavaria,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1,500. 

Bellie,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Banffshire  and  Mo- 
rayshire, on  the  Spey,  near  its  mouth. 

Bellin,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  18  m.  N.  N. 
XV.  Custrin. 

Bellingham,  i.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  14  ra. 
N.  Hexham. 

Bellingham,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  26  m.  S.  W. 
Boston,  20  N.  Providence.     Pop.  766. 

Bellingham''  s  Bail,  on  the  W.coast  of  America,  in 
the  gulf  of  Georgia.  It  evei-y  Avhere  affords  good 
and  secure  anchorage.  Lon.  of  the  E.  extremity, 
237°  50'  E.  Lat.  48°  36'  to  48°  48'  N. 

Bellingwolder-Zyl,  fort,  Netherlands,  in  Gro- 
ningen,  7  m.  E.  Winscoten. 

Bellinzona,  t.  Switzerland,  canton  of  the  Tici- 
no,  25  m.  N.  N.  W.  Como,  40  S.  Zurich. 

Bellisle,  r.  New  Brunswick,  runs  into  the  St. 
Johns  from  the  E. 

Bellisle,  Straits  of,  between  Newfoundland  and 
the  coast  of  Labrador. 

Bellona.     See  Leroy. 

Bellows  falls,  in  Connecticut  river,  at  Walpole, 
N.  H.  In  the  midst  of  the  channel  worn  in  the 
rocks,  a  huge  rock  remains,  on  each  side  of  which 
is  a  passage  for  the  water.  As  the  E.  side,  how- 
ever, is  more  elevated,  the  water,  except  when 
the  river  is  high,  does  not  pass  over  it;  and  the 
whole  Connecticut,  which  above  is  about  350  feet 
wide,  and  25  feet  deep,  shoots  through  a  space  of 
16  feet  by  2i,  and  descends,  by  successive  pitches, 
iu  the  course  of  lia-lf  a  mile,  4'i  feet.     On  the 


steep  sides  of  thia  rock,  arm-chairs  are  hung,  hi 
which  the  fishermen  sit  securely  with  nets  tc- 
catch  the  salmon  that  pass  up  the  falls.  A  bridge, 
is  thrown  over  the  river,  supported  in  the  middle 
by  the  rock.  The  village  of  Bellows-Falls  con- 
tains a  post-office  and  several  mills. 

Bellpuch,  or  Belpuig,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  16 
m.  E.  Lerida. 

Bell  Rock,  or  Inch  Cape,  a  dangerous  rock  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Scotland,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Tay,  12  m.  S.  W.  Aberbrothock,  in  the  direct  track 
of  all  vessels  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  of  the 
east  coast  of  Scotland.  A  light-house  is  erected 
on  it. 

Bellunese,  II,  a  mountainous  district  of  Upper 
Italy,  in  Lombardy,  It  is  rich  in  corn,  wine,  and 
all  sorts  of  fruit,  has  excellent  pastures  and  thri^ 
ving  cattle ;  but  its  principal  wealth  lies  in  the 
extensive  forests  on  the  sides  of  the  mountains,  the 
wood  of  which  is  transported  in  floats  on  the  Pi- 
ave  to  the  Lagunes  of  Venice.     Pop.  47,500. 

Belluno,  the  capital  of  Bellunese,  stands  on  a 
hill  between  the  Ardo  and  Piave.  It  has  a  large 
suburb,  called  Campedelh,\A  churches,  5  cloisters, 
and  a  large  aqueduct.  The  main  source  of  sub- 
sistence is  the  trade  in  wood.  Pop.  7,400.  43  m. 
N.  Venice,  48  E.  Trent. 

Belmont,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Syria,  8  m.  S.  Tri- 
pol. 

Belmont,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  14  m.  N.  E.  Ro» 
anne ;  one  in  Aveyron,  12  m.  S.  W.  St.  Afrique. 

Belmont,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  on  the 
Tuscan  sea,  11m.  W.  S.  W.  Cosenza ;  one  in  Ter- 
ra di  Lavoro,  10  m.  N.  E.  Ponte  Corvo. 

Belmont,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  20  m.  W. 
Castine. 

Belnvont,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  in  1819. 
16,725.    Chief  t.  St.  Clairsville. 

Belneda,  t.  Italy,  in  Friuli,  4  m.  N.  Udine. 

Beloeil,  seigniory,  Surrey  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  river  Sorel,  15  m.  E.  Montreal. 

Belona,  i.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  10  m.  N. 
Garda. 

Beloochistan,  a  country  of  Asia.  In  its  most 
comprehensive  acceptation,  it  includes  the  whole 
space  within  lat.  24°  50'— 30°  40'  N.  and  lon.  58<> 
55'— 67°  30'  E.  bounded  N.  by  Seistan  and  the 
country  of  the  Afghans,  S.  by  the  Indian  ocean, 
W.  by  Kerman,  and  E.  by  Sinde.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  country  is  mountainous.  Water  is 
generally  scarce ;  the  principal  rivers  being  little 
else  than  mountain  torrents,  losing  themselves  in 
the  sands,  or  finding  their  way  in  shallow  streams 
to  the  sea.  There  are  two  great  classes  of  inhab- 
itants, the  Belooches  and  Brahooes,who  differ  from 
each  other  in  their  outward  appearance,  as  well 
as  in  their  manners.  The  Belooches  are  tall, 
handsome,  and  active.  They  are  lawless  robbers, 
and  undertake  distant  excursions  in  quest  of 
booty,  or  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  off  the  in- 
habitants of  other  countries  for  slaves.  They  are 
Mahometans  of  the  Soonee  faith,  and  entertain  a 
great  antipathy  to  other  sects.  The  Brahooes 
have  short  thick  bones,  round  faces,  and  flat  fea- 
tures. They  are  a  quiet  and  industrious  race, 
and,  although  equally  brave,  free  from  the  preda- 
tory pursuits  of  the  Belooches, 

The  chief  town  of  Beloochistan  is  Kelat,  where 
the  khan  or  sovereign  of  the  whole  country  re- 
sides. His  power  has  declined  of  late,  in  conse- 
quence of  some  of  the  tributary  chiefs  having  de- 
clared themselves  independent.  The  total  num- 
ber of  troops  which  Uie  khan  can  raise  is  about 


BEN 

90,000.  Hindoos  reside  throughout  Beloochistanj 
and  occupy  4  or  500  of  the  best  honses  in  the  cap- 
ital, under  the  protection  of  government.  They 
are  all  occupied  in  commercial  concerns,  and 
!iave  become  the  wealthiest  class  in  the  whole 
country. 

Belota,  t.  Lombardo- Venetian  kingdom,  8  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Bergamo. 

Belpeck,  i.  France,  in  Aude,  7  m.  N.  W.  Mire- 
poix. 

Belper,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbphire.  Pop.  5,778.  8 
m.  fr.  Derby. 

Belpre,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  riv- 
er, 14  m.  S.  W.  Marietta. 

Belrigvardo,  2  towns  in  Italy :  one  in  the  Lom- 
bardo-Venetian  kuigdom,  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Milan; 
the  other  in  the  Papal  legation  of  Ferrara,  8  m. 
S.  E.  Fernira. 

Belsito,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  6  m.  S. 
Cosenza, 

Belt,  Great  and  Litlle^  the  name  of  two  narrow 
straits,  which  connect  the  Baltic  with  the  Catte- 
gat.  The  former  lies  between  the  islands  of  Zea- 
land and  Funen,  and  the  latter  between  the  island 
of  Funen  and  the  coast  of  Jutland. 

Belra,  r.  Afi'ica,  falls  into  the  Atlantic.  Lat. 
26°  40'  N. 

Belturbet,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  Erne,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Cavan. 

Belvedere,  t  Eu.  Turkey,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Morea,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Elis,  65  m. 
W.  Corinth. 

Belvedere,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  d'Otranto,  5  m. 
E.  Taranto  ;  one  in  Parma,  17  m.  S.  Parma ;  one 
in  Calabria  Citra,  15  m.S.  E.  Scalea. 

Belvedere  Shoal,  about  24  m.  N.  of  the  island  of 
Banca.     Lon.  107°  E.  Lat.  2°  12'  S. 

Belvez,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  28  m.  S.  Peri- 
jueux. 

Belvidere,  t  Franklin  co.  Vt.  40  m.  N.  Mont- 
pelier.     P»p.2l7. 

Belvidere,  p-t  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Dela- 
ware, 11m.  above  Easton. 

Belur,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  100  m.  E.  Badak- 
?han. 

Belur  Tagh,  the  ancient  Imaus,  a  mountain  of 
Asia,  which  forms  the  boundary  of  Little  Buk- 
haria, E.  of  Belur. 

Beminster.     See  Beaminster. 

Bena,  t.  Piedmont,  28  m.  S.  Turin.  Pop.  5,020. 

Benadky,  or  Benalek,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Jung  Buntzlau,  22  N»  E.  Prague. 

Benaist,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  9  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Saumur. 

Benar,  v.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  near  Si- 
erra Leone. 

Benares,  a  large  and  valuable  district,  Hindos- 
tan,  on  both  sides  of  the  Ganges,  between  23°  and 
27°  N,  lat  containing  1200  square  miles  of  fer- 
tile soil,  which  produces  all  kinds  of  grain,  and 
a  quantity  of  sugar,  indigo,  and  opium.  It  is  ex- 
ceedingly populous.  In  1775  the  sovereignty  of 
this  district  was  ceded  to  the  British. 

Benares,  city,  Hind.  cap.  of  Benares  district,  on 
tlie  N.  bank  of  the  Ganges  ;  in  lon,  83°  E.  lat.  25° 
30'  N.  460  m.  N.  W.  Calcutta.  It  is  the  ancient 
^eat  of  Brahminical  learning,  and  denominated 
"  the  Holy  City."  The  Hindoos  conceive  that  a 
person  dying  at  Benares,  is  certain  of  paradise,  a 
notion  which  contributes  to  the  increase  of  its 
population.  It  contains  12,000  stone  and  brick 
houses,  from  one  to  six  stories,  high ;  and  above 
16,000  mud  houses.    Pop.  in  1803,  582,000:  dn- 


B  E  N 


99 


ring  the  festivals,  the  concourse  is  beyond  all  cal- 
culation.  The  residence  of  the  English  judge, 
and  civil  establishment,  is  at  Secrole,  a  pleasant 
village,  about  2  miles  from  the  city,  where  there 
is  a  military  cantonment  for  a  battalion  of  sepoye. 
This  city  carries  on  a  very  extensive  trade  with 
all  parts  of  India.  It  is  the  principal  mart  for  the 
diamonds  found  in  the  mines  of  Eundelcund,  and 
its  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  lace,  silks,  and 
brocades,  are  carried  to  all  parts  of  the  East.  The 
Church  Missionary  Society  have  lately  sent  seve- 
ral missionaries  here,  with  a  printing  establish- 
ment. They  have  also  the  superintendtmce  of  h 
charit}'^  school,  which  has  been  very  liberally  en- 
dowed, by  a  native  Hindoo  with  the  sum  of  88,000 
rupees,  or  11,000/.  In  1819,  the  number  in  the 
school  was  121,  of  whom  63  were  studying  Eng- 
lish, 32  Persian,  11  Hindee  and  Sanscrit,  and  15 
Bengalee. 

Benatek.     See  Benadky. 

Benavarre,  t.  Spain  in  Arragon,  18  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Balbastro. 

Benarente,  t.  Spain,  in  Ijeon,  36  m.  S.  Leon. 

Benbecula,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  between  North 
and  South  Uist.    Lon.  7°  18'  W.     Lat  57°  26'  N. 

Bencoolen,  the  only  British  settlement  on  the 
island  of  Sumatra.  For  a  few  years  it  was  a  dis- 
tinct presidency,  but  is  now  incorporated  with 
that  of  Bengal.  The  culture  of  pepper  is  the 
professed  and  only  object  of  the  whole  settlement, 
and  it  yields  about  1000  tons.  Lon.  102°  16'  15' 
E.  Lat.  30  49'  16"  S. 

Ben-Cowse,  or  JVic  Cause,  v.  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  Algerine  territory,  63  m.  S.  W.  Constantina. 

Benda.     See  Bandn. 

Bend  Emir,  r.  Persia,  flows  into  lake  Batkegan. 

Bender,  a  regularly  fortified  t.  of  Eu.  Russia,  in 
Bessarabia,  on  the  Dniester.  In  1770,  the  Rus- 
sians took  it  from  the  Turks,  but  restored  it  at  the 
peace  of  Kaynaidgi.  They  got  possession  of  it  a 
second  time  ;  restored  it  at  the  peace  of  Jassy  ; 
again  made  themselves  masters  of  it  in  the  last 
war,  and  retained  it  at  the  peace  of  1812.  100 
m.  E.  Jassy,  and  100  W.  Oczakoy.  Lon.  29°  36' 
E.  Lat  46°  50'  32"  N.     Pop.  about  30,000. 

Bender  Abassi.     See  Gombroon. 

Bender  Boshavir.     See  Bushire. 

Bender  Rigk,  s-p.  Persia,  in  Far?,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Persian  gulf,  35  m.  N.  Bushire.  The  fort 
Bender  Risher,  is  18  m.  S.  E.  Bushire. 

Bcndorf,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Rhine,  5  m.  N.  Coblentz.     Pop.  1,500. 

Bendschin,  or  Bensche,  t  Austrian  Silesia,  7  m, 
S.  W.  Jagerndorf.  Lon.  17°  35'  E.  Lat.  49^ 
53'  N.  . 

Benedict,  p-t  Charles  co.  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Patuxent  river,  47  m.  E.  Washington. 

Bener,  or  Bembher,  district,  Hind,  in  Cabul,  on 
the  Indus,  about  lat.  24°  N. 

Benerento,  duchy,  Italy,  included  in  principato 
Ultra,  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  but  belonging  to 
the  States  of  the  Church.  It  consists  of  the  city 
of  Benevento  and  a  small  district  around  it,  about 
11  miles  square.     Pop.  20,350. 

Benerento,  city,  Italy,  included  in  the  kingdom 
of  Naples,  but  in  reality  the  capital  of  a  small 
duchy  belonging  to  the  States  of  the  Church.  No 
place  in  Italy,  with  the  exception  of  Rome,  con- 
tains so  many  interesting  remains  of  antiquity  as 
Benevento.  25  m.  E.  Capua,  30  N.  E.  Naples, 
109  S.  E.  Rome  Lou  14°  38'  E.  Lat.  41°  7  N. 
Pop.  14,000. 


100 


BEN 


BEN 


Benfelden,  t  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  15  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Strasburg. 

Bengal,  an  extensive  and  valuable  province  of 
Ilindostan,  400  miles  long  and  300  broad,  situated 
between  21°  and  27°  N.  Lat.  and  between  86° 
and  92°  E.  Lon.  On  the  N.  and  E.  it  is  bounded 
by  the  mountains  of  Nepaul,  Assam,  and  Ava;  on 
the  S.  by  a  line  of  inhospitable  and  dangerous  sea 
coast ;  on  tlie  W.  it  joins  Bahar  and  Oude.  Its 
soil  produces  every  thing  requisite  for  the  suste- 
nance of  life,  and  in  such  abundance,  that  the  crops 
of  one  year  are  sufficient  for  the  consumption  of 
its  inhabitants  for  two.  The  revenues  consist 
chiefly  of  rents  paid  to  tlie  government  for  land. 
In  the  years  1811-12,  they  amounted,  including 
those  of  Bahar  and  Orissa,  to  2,590,000  /.  sterling. 
The  exports  of  Bengal  are  principally  rice,  cotton 
and  silk,  both  raw  and  manufactured ;  indigo,  su- 
gar, saltpetre,  ivory,  tobacco,  and  drugs  of  various 
kinds.  Its  imports  are  gold  and  silver,  copperand 
bar  iron,  woollen  cloths  of  every  description,  tea, 
salt,  glass  and  china  ware.  The  south-east  dis- 
tricts produce  elephants,  which  are  used  by  the 
opulent  natives,  for  state  or  riding,  and  also  for 
carrying  the  camp  equipage  of  the  army.  Ben- 
gal is  intersected  by  the  Gauge?,  the  Brahmapoo- 
tra, Dummooda,  and  several  other  rivers,  so  con- 
nected by  various  streams,  and  the  annual  inun- 
dations, that  there  is  scarcely  a  town  which  does 
not  enjoy  the  benefits  of  an  inland  navigation. 
The  greater  proportion  of  the  inhabitants  are  Hin- 
doos :  they  are  very  dark,  but  not  so  black  as  Af- 
ricans. They  are  small  and  delicate  in  their  per- 
sons, of  a  timid  temper,  and  excessively  litigious. 
The  Mahometans,  who  constitute  about  one  tenth 
of  the  population,  are  the  descendants  of  the  Af- 
ghan and  Mogul  conquerors,  and  Arabian  mer- 
cliants.  The  descendants  of  the  Portuguese  are 
inimerous.  The  climate  of  Bengal  is  found  to 
agree  very  well  with  European  constitutions. 
The  year  is  there  divided  into  three  seasons,  viz, 
the  hot,  the  rainy,  and  the  cold  ;  the  former  be- 
gins in  March  and  ends  in  June  ;  the  rains  then 
commence,  and  continue  till  October,  after  which 
it  becomes  cool,  and  the  weather  continues  pleas- 
ant for  four  months.  This  province  in  1757,  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who  have  gradually 
changed  its  form  of  government,  and  introduced  a 
code  of  regulations  founded  on  the  Hindoo,  Ma- 
hometan, and  English  laws,  by  which  impartial 
justice  is  administered  to  all  the  inhabitants,  and 
toleration  granted  to  all  religions ;  owing  to  which 
the  country  improves,  and  the  population  increa- 
dfes.  Calcutta  is  the  seat  of  government.  The 
_  military  establishment  of  Bengal  consists  of  3  bat- 
talions of  European  artillery,  with  a  number  of 
natives  attached,  for  the  subordinate  departments; 
I  regiment  of  European  infantry ;  60  battalions 
of  native  infantry,  and  8  regiments  of  native  cav- 
alry :  to  each  company  of  native  infantry  and  troop 
of  cavalry,  an  European  officer  i?  attached.  Ex- 
clusive of  the  above,  there  are  always  some  of  the 
king's  regiments  employed  under  the  Bengal  gov- 
ernment. 

Bengal,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  Lake, 
W.  of  Rome,  adjoining.     Pop.  454. 

Bengal  Passage,  between  Pulo-Brasse  and  Pulo- 
Way. 

Bengo,  r.  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  lat. 
8P50'S. 

Bengore  Head,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Antrim.     Lon.  6°  19'  W.  Lat.  55°  15'  N. 

Benguela,  territory  of  W.  Africa,  S.  of  Congo 


and  Angola.  Its  coast  extends  from  10»  30.'  to  16? 
15'  S.  lat. 

Benguela,  JVeiv,  s-p.  in  Benguela,  on  Cow's  bay, 
which  affords  very  safe  and  convenient  anchorage. 
Lon.  13°  30'  E.  Lat.  12°  28'  S. 

Bent,  r.  Peru,  runs  W.  into  the  Ucayale. 

Benicarlo,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  85  m.  N.  E.  Va- 
lencia. 

Beni-Meszar,  district,  S.  part  of  Algiers.  The 
chief  town  is  Gardeiah. 

Beyiin,  a  kingdom  of  W.  Africa,  the  limits  of 
which  are  not  precisely  known.  Benin,  the  cap- 
ital, is  in  lon.  5°  5'  E.  lat.  6°  15'  N. 

Benisuef,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  60  m.  S.  Cairo. 

Benizelte,  v.  on  the  coast  of  Piedmont. 

Benlomond,  mountain,  Scotland,  rises  from 
Lochlomond,  to  the  height  of  3,240  feet- 

Benneckenstein,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  13  m. 
N.  Nordhausen,  18  S.  W.  Halberstadt. 

Ben-Nevis,  mountain,  Scotland,  in  Dumbarton 
CO.  the  highest  in  Great  Britain,  being  4370  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Bennington,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Vermont, 
bounded  N.  by  Rutland  co.  E.  by  Windham  co. 
S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  New- York.  Chief 
town,  Bennington.     Pop,  15,893. 

Bennington,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  37  m.  N.  E.. 
Albany,  132  W.  N.  W.  Boston,  68  S.  W.  Windsor. 
Pop.  in  1810,  2,524.  It  lies  on  tlie  New-York 
line,  and  is  surrounded  except  on  the  east,  with  a 
fine,  fertile  farming  country.  Foreign  goods  are 
generally  procured  from  Troy  on  the  Hudson. 
Two  famous  battles  were  fought  here,  August 
16th,  1777,  in  which  General  Stark,  at  the  head 
of  800  American  militia  defeated  the  British. 

Bennington,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  W. 
Batavia. 

Bennington,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  on  the  Shenango 
river,  60  m.  N.  N.  W.  Pittsburg. 

Bennington,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Bennisch.     See  Bendschin. 

Benodet.     See  Boyne  Islands. 

Bcnoit.     See  Aniane. 

Benowm,  t.  and  cap.  of  Ludamar,  in  central  Af- 
rica.    Lon.  7°  10'  W.  Lat.  15°  5'  N. 

Bensalem,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware, 
above  Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,434. 

Bensberg,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  Lower 
Rhine,  7  m.  E.  Mulheim. 

Bensboro,  p-v.  Pitts  oo.  N.  C.  about  60  m.  S.  E. 
Raleigh. 

Bensheim,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  prin- 
cipality of  Starkenburg,  8  m.  S.  Darmstadt,  20  N. 
Heidelberg.     Pop.  3,100. 

Bensinglon,  or  Benson,  v.  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire, 
4t)  m.  from  London. 

Benson,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  57  m.  N.  Bennington.     Pop.  1,561. 

Bent  creek,  p-v.  Buckingham  co.  Va,  112  m.  W. 
Richmond. 

Bentheim,  a  county  of  Germany,  included  in 
tlie  kingdom  of  Hanover.  It  contains  440  square 
miles  and  24,000  inhabitants. 

Bentheim,  the  chief  town  in  Bentheim  county, 
32  m.  N.  W.  Munster,  38  W.  Osnabruck.  Loq. 
7°  5' E.  Lat.  52°  20' N.     Pop.  1,650. 

Bentinck  Point,  the  N.  E.  point  of  Hinchinbrook 
island,  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  214°  24'  E, 
Lat.  60°  28' N. 

Bentinck'' s  Arms,  2  branches  of  an  inlet  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  203°  to  233°  21' 
E.  Lat.  52°  to  52°  25'  N. 


B  E  R 

•    Bentlci/sville,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  about  50  m. 
E.  Raleigh. 

Benton,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Seneca  Lake  ;  S.  W.  Canandaigupi.  Pop. 
3,339. 

Benwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  2  m.  W. 
Newcastle. 

£era,  district  of  Celebes,  on  the  sea-coast,  ex-, 
tends  E.  from  the  river  Bampang,  to  the  point  of 


B  E  R 


101 


BercEa,  t.  Syria,  7  m.  N.  Acre. 

Beratf  or  Ardauth  Belgrade,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  40  m.  N.  E.  Aulona.     Pop.  12,000. 

Beraun,  t.  Bohemia,  14  m.  S.  W.  Prague. 

Berawa.     See  Brava. 

Berbera,  district,  Africa,  sxtending  from  the 
straits  of  Babelmandeb  to  Cape  Guardafui.  It  is 
the  native  country  of  myrrh,  incense,  and  gums, 
which  are  exported  thence  to  all  quarters  of  the 
world. 

Berbera,  t.  Africa,  capital  of  the  Bei*)era  dis- 
trict. Here  a  large  lair  is  annually  held,  which  is 
resorted  to  by  caravans  from  a  great  distance  in 
the  interior.  The  articles  sold  are  gum  arable, 
myrrh  and  frankincense. 

Berbice,  r.  S.  America,  in  Guiana.  It  enters 
the  Atlantic  in  lat.  6=*  20'  N.  Ion.  57°  16' W.  A  bar 
of  sand  prevents  any  vessel  drawing  more  than  14 
feet  water,  from  entering  the  river. 

Berbice,  a  district  of  Guiana,  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  Dutch,  but  is  now  in  possession  of 
Britain,  having  been  finally  ceded  by  the  peace  of 
Paris  in  1814.  It  extends  along  the  sea-coast,  150 
miles  from  Abarry  creek  on  the  W.  to  Couran- 
tine  river  on  the  E.  The  coast  is  low  and  marshy, 
and  except  at  the  settlements,  is  inundated  from 
the  sea.  All  the  plantations  are  strongly  diked. 
The  land  is  continually  encroaching  upon  the  sea. 
On  many  parts  of  the  coast,  it  has  advanced  two 
miles  within  20  years.  The  soil  is  a  rich  clay,  and 
yields  maize,  sugar  cane,  cocoa,  all  the  tropical 
fruits,  and  all  the  necessaries  and  luxuries  of  life. 
The  climate  is  veryunilbrm,  the  range  of  the  ther- 
mometer being  from  76°  to  84°  ;  and  is  much 
healtliier  than  formerly.  The  population  of  Ber- 
bice in  1811,  according  to  official  returns,  was 
25,959,  of  whom  550  were  whites  and  the  rest  ne- 
groes. Within  a  few  ycarb,  however,  many  of  the 
estates  have  been  broken  up,  and  the  slaves  trans- 
ferred to  Demerara.  The  population  at  present 
is  about  18,000.  The  exports  are  sugar,  rum, 
molasses,  cocoa,  &c.  The  value  of  exports  in 
1810,  was  51,785  /.  and  of  the  imports,  191,566  I. 
New  Amsterdam  is  the  capital. 

Berchem,  v.  Prussian  states,  in  the  Lower 
Rhine,  12  m.  W.  Cologne. 

Berching,  t.  Bavaria,  26  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ratis- 
bon. 

BerchtohgadSkn,  t.  of  the  Austrian  empire,  13 
m.  S.  Saltzburg.     Pop.  3,000. 

Berckel,  r.  Germany,  runs  into  the  Yssel,  at 
Zutphen. 

Berdicsow,  t.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  324  m.  S.  E. 
Warsaw. 

Berea,  in  Sac.  Geog,  city  of  Macedonia,  near 
Pella,  between  the  rivers  Lydia  and  Haliacmon, 
afterwards  called  Trenopolis;  and  now  by  the 
Turks,  Boor. 

Berdoa.     See  Burgu. 

Bereahton,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  Devonshire,  5 
m.  from  Tavistock. 

Berf^gh,  county,  on  the  N.  side  of  tlie  They??, 
in  Hungary. 


Bereguardo,  t.  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom,  N. 
of  Pavia. 

Berelos.     See  Bourlos. 

Bereiford's  Islands,  probably  the  same  as  the 
Sartine  islands,  in  the  Pacific.  "  Lon.  129°  57'  W. 
Lat.  50°  52'  N. 

Beresow.     See  Berezov. 

Bereseuka,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Volga,  124  m.  S. 
Saratov. 

Berezina,  t.  Russia,  in  .Minsk,  44  m.  N.  E. 
Minsk. 

Berezina,  r.  Russia,  famous  for  the  disastrous 
passage  of  the  French  in  their  retreat  from  Rus- 
sia, in  1812.  It  falls  into  the  Dnieper,  near  Ret- 
ehitza. 

Berezinskoi,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Irtisch,  40  m.  E. 
Tobolsk. 

Berezov,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Soswa,  18  m.  from  its 
confluence  with  the  Ob.     Lat.  64°  N. 

Berezorskoi,  t,  Russia,  on  the  Ural,  140  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Orenburg. 

Berg,  formerly  a  duchy  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Westphalia,  bounded  N.  by  the  duchy  of 
Cleves,  E.  by  the  county  of  Mark  and  the  duchy 
of  Westphalia,  S.  by  the  Westerw^ald,  and  W.  by 
the  Rhine.  It  belonged  to  the  elector  of  Bava 
ria  previous  to  1815.  It  now  belongs  to  Prussia, 
and  is  included  in  the  province  of  Juliers-Cleves- 
Berg, 

Berg,  a  county  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Guelder- 
land,  district  of  Zutphen. 

Berg,  r.  Africa,  falls  into  St.  Helena  bay.  Lat. 
32°  la  S. 

Berga,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  Elster, 
12  m.  N.  E.  Neustadt. 

Bergamasco,  a  district  in  Upper  Italy,  now  in- 
cluded in  the  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Valteline,  E.  by  the  Bresciano, 
S.  by  the  Cremonese,  and  W,  by  the  Milanese. 
Pop.  366,000. 

Bergamo,  city.  Upper  Italy,  cap.  of  Bergamasco^ 
between  the  rivers  Brembo  and  Serio.  It  is  pro- 
tected by  a  castle  and  walls.  There  is  a  fair  on 
the  24th  of  August  which  is  frequented  by  mer- 
chants from  Italy,  Germany,  and  Switzerland. 
The  great  trade  of  the  town  is  in  silk,  which  is  ex- 
ported to  Germany,  France,  and  England.  The 
imports  are  fine  cloth  from  England,  France,  and 
Holland,  camlets  from  Holland  and  Flanders, 
coarse  cloths,  spiceries  and  drugs,  from  Germany, 
and  corn  from  the  Milanese.  28  m.  N.  E.  Milan, 
28  N.  W.  Brescia,  38  N.  W.  Cremona.  Lon.  Q'^ 
38'  E.  lat.  45°  42'  N.     Pop.  25,000. 

Bergedorf,  t.  Germany,  territory  of  Hamburg, 
9  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hamburg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Bergen,  t.  Norway,  capital  of  the  bishopric  and 
government  of  Bergenhuus.  It  lies  at  the  bottom 
of  a  long  bay,  which  is  inclosed  on  all  sides  by  rug- 
ged and  barren  rocks.  The  harbor  is  secure  but 
the  access  is  attended  with  considerable  danger. 
The  inhabitants  are  employed  chiefly  in  naviga- 
tion, trade,  and  fishing.  Dried  fish  and  train  oil 
are  exchanged  with  the  Dutch,  English,  Swedes, 
and  other  nations,  for  corn,  and  the  necessaries  of 
life.  180  m.  N.  Stavanger,  and  270  S.  W.  Dron- 
theim.  Lon.  7°  14'  E.  lat.  60°  10'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Bergen,  t.  Netherlands,  3  m.  N.  Alkmaer. 

Bergen,  t.  Germany,  3  m.  N.  E.  Frankfort  on 
the  Main. 

Bergen,  t.  capital  of  the  island  of  Rugen,  in  the 
Baltic',  13  m.  N.  E.  Stralsund.  Lon.  13°  34'  E. 
M.  54°  28'  N. 


102 


B  E  R 


Bergeriy  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  N.  E.  Ba- 
tevia. 

Bergen,  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson  opposite  New- 
York.     Pop.  16,603.     Chief  t.  Hackensac. 

Bergen,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  3  m.  W.  New- York ; 
Pop.  2,690.  Here  is  an  academy.  Bergen  neck  is 
the  peninsula  extending  from  Bergen  S.6  miles,  be- 
tween New- York  bay  on  the  E.  and  Newark  bay  : 
the  estuary  of  the  Hackensac  and  Passaic,  on  the  W. 
and  is  divided  by  a  strait  on  the  S.  from  Stateu  Isl- 
and. 

Bergenhuns,  province,  Norway,  bounded  N.  by 
Drontheim,  E.  by  Aggerhuus,  S.  by  Christiansand, 
and  W.  by  the  German  ocean.  The  capital  is 
Bergen. 

Bergen-op-Zoom,  or  Berg-op-Zoom,  t.  and  fort, 
Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Brabant,  near  the  East 
Scheldt,  with  which  it  has  communication  by  a 
canal.  18  m.  N.  N.  W.  Antwerp.  Lon.  4°  8'  E. 
lat.  51°  32'  N.     Pop.  4,800. 

Bergerac,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne ;  on  the  river 
Dordogne.  Pop.  about  8,600.  It  was  one  of  the 
principal  strong-holds  of  the  Huguenots.  48  m. 
JE.  Bordeaux. 

Bergheim,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  5  m.  S. 
W.  Schelegtat. 

Bergoo,  territory  in  the  interior  of  Africa, 
bounded  E.  by Darfur,  W.by  Begherme,  and  N.  by 
Bomou,  to  which  it  is  tributary. 

Berg-Reichenstein-Kaschperschbe-Hory,  mining 
t.  Bohemia,  20  m.  W.  Prachatitz.  Lon.  13°  26' 
E.  lat.  49°  6'N. 

Bergues  St  Winoe,  t.  France,  in  North,  on  the 
Colme,  between  Dunkirk  and  Mont-Cassel.  Pop. 
5,100.     5  m.  S.  Dunkirk. 

Bergzabem,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Rhine,  6  m.  S.  S.  W,  Landau.  Lon.  8°  E.  lat. 
49°  6'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Berhampore,  fort,  Bengal,  5  m.  from  Moorshe- 
dabad. 

Bcrimgon.    See  Beering''s  Island. 

Berkd,  t.  Saxony,  9  m.  N.  Eisenbach. 

Berkhamstead,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  9  m.  S. 
W.  St.  Albans.     Pop.  1,963. 

Berkley,  t.  Eng.  Gloucestershire,  on  the  Little 
Avon. 

Berkley,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  Taunton  river, 
opjiosite  Taunton,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation  ; 
36  m.  S.  Boston.     Pop.  1,014. 

Berkley,  or  Sandtown,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
14  m.  fr.  Philadelphia. 

Berkley,  co.  Va.  on  th£  Potomac,  W.  of  the 
Blue  ridge;  Pop.  11,479.  Slaves,  1,529.  Chief 
t.  Martinsburg. 

Berkley'' s  Sound,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  70 
m.S.  E.Nootka  Sound. 

Berkley  springs,  p-v.  Berkley  co.  Va.  on  the  Po- 
tomac, lio  m.  above  Washington.  The  waters  of 
the  springs  are  warm,  and  though  weakly  mineral- 
ized are  much  resorted  to,  being  in  a  populoxis 
country  and  provided  w^ith  accommodations  .for 
visitors. 

Berks,  or  Berkshire,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by 
Oxford  and  Buckingham,  E.  by  Surrey,  S.  by 
Hampshire,  and  W.  by  Wiltshire.  It  contains 
476,160  acres,  or  nearly  744  square  miles.  Pop- 
ulation in  1811,  118,277;  families,  25,051  of 
which  number,  13,409  were  engaged  in  agricul- 
ture, and  7,584  in  commerce. 

Berks,  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill;  Pop. 43,146. 
Chief  t.  Reading. 

Berkshire,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the  Missisque 
river,  39  m.  N.  Burlington.    Pop.  918. 


B  E  R 

Berkshire,  co.  Mass,  the  W.  part  of  the  State  ; 
Pop.  35,907.  Chief  t.  Lenox.  It  is  crossed  from  N. 
to  S.  by  the  Green  Mountains.  Quarries  of  mar- 
ble are  opened  in  Stockbridge,  Sheffield,  Lanesbo- 
rough  and  other  places. 

Berkshire,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  160  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,105. 

Berkshire,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E; 
Delawai-e,  23  N.  Columbus. 

Berkshire  valley,  p-v.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Berlaimont,  t.  France,  in  North,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Avesnes. 

Berleburg,  t.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  on  the  Berlenbach,  20  m.  N.  W.  Mar- 
burg, 70  E.  Cologne. 

Berlin,  the  capital  of  the  Prussian  states,  is  on 
the  Spree,  in  the  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  of  Europe. - 
The  circumference  of  its  walls  and  pallisades  is  11 
miles,  and  the  entrance  is  through  15  gates.  The 
streets  are  for  the  most  part  broad  and  straight^ 
and  the  squares  regular  and  spacious.  The  popu  - 
lation  made  a  rapid  progress  during  the  last  cen  - 
tury.  In  1661  it  was  only  6,500,  while  in  1803  it 
was  153,000.  Berlin  is  indebted  for  its  chief  em- 
bellishments to  the  celebrated  Frederick  II.  who 
is  supposed  to  have  expended  yearly  in  the  im- 
provement of  this  city  400,000  dollars.  The  city 
is  made  up  of  5  distinct  towns.  I.  Berlin  Proper; 
Among  the  remarkable  buildings  in  this  part  of 
the  city  are  the  governor's  house,  and  the  council 
chamber;  the  royal  arsenal,  from  which  the 
whole  Prussian  army  is  supplied  with  clothing  ; 
Frederick's  hospital,  in  which  above  800  children 
are  gratuitously  educated.  II.  Coin,  or  Cologne 
on  the  Spree,  The  most  remarkable  edifice  here 
is  the  royal  castle,  430  feet  in  length,  and  276  in 
breadth.  In  it  is  the  king's  library,  which  con- 
tains upwHi-ds  of  200,000  volumes,  and  receives  a 
frequent  increase,  as  two  copies  of  every  new 
book  must  be  deposited  in  it  by  the  publishers. 
III.  Frederickswerder,  or  Frederick's  Island,  con- 
taining the  medical  college,  the  old  custom-house, 
the  old  mint,  the  royal  arsenal  and  fouudery,  the 
stamp-office,  &c.  IV.  Dorotheenstadt,  or  JVew 
Town,  containing  among  others  the  royal  acade- 
my of  sciences,  with  its  elegant  hall,  library,  and 
cabinet  of  medals,  the  observatory,  the  anatomical 
theatre,  &c.  V.  Fredericksfadt,  the  largest  of  the 
5  towns.  Here  are  situated  the  principal  courts 
of  law,  the  porcelain  manufactory,  the  magnifi- 
cent padace  of  the  grand  master  of  the  order  of 
Malta,  &ic.  The  principal  manufactures  of  Ber- 
lin, are  in  silk,  serge,  fustian,  muslin,  camlets, 
and  other  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  stuffs  ;  also 
stockings,  carpets,  embroidery,  jewellery,  bronze, 
iron  and  steel,  black  and  white  lead,  borax,  vitri- 
ol, dye-stuffs  (particularly  Prussian  blue,)  tobac- 
co, wax,  starch,  powder,  soap,*  leather,  hats, 
clocks  and  watches. 

Berlin  was  taken  by  the  Austrians  and  Russians 
in  1760,  and  was  occupied  by  Bonaparte  in  1806, 
after  the  battle  of  Jena.  25  m.  E.  Brandenburg, 
45  N.  W  Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  75  S.  W.  SteUin, 
300  N.  by  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  13°  22'  E.  lat.  52» 
31'45"N. 

Berlin,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  river, 
opposite  Montpelier  ;  Pop.  1,067. 

Berlin,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m.  N.  E, 
Worcester,  34  W,  Boston ;  Pop,  591. 

Berlin,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  11  m.  S.  Hartford. 
23  N.  New-Haven ;  Pop.  2,798.  It  is  the  princi- 
pal seat  of  the  tin-mauufacture »  the  tin- ware  is 


B  E  R 

s:okl  by  the  pedlars  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
ctnd  in  Florida,  Louisiana  and  Canada. 

Berlin,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  32  m.  E.  Albany, 
19  S.  E.  Troy.     Pop.  3,012. 

Berlin,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Pa.  on  Conewaga  creek, 

13  m.  W.  York,  100  W.  Philadelpliia. 

Berlin,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  25  m.  W.  Bedford. 
Pop.  330. 

Berlin,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Berlinchen,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  New 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  36  m.  N.  N.  E.  Custrin, 
80E.N.  E.Berlin. 

Berlinsville,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Bermuda  hundred,  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  a  small 
village  on  the  point  of  land  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Appomattox  with  James  river.   On  this  peninsula, 

2  m.  S.  W.  of  the  village  is  City-point,  which  see. 
Bermudas,  or  Somers'  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small 

islands  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  iji  number  about 
400,  but  for  the  most  part  so  small  and  barren, 
that  they  have  neither  inhabitants  nor  name.  200 
leagues  distant  from  Cape  Hatteras,  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, which  last  is  the  nearest  land  to  them.  They 
extend  from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  about  45  miles.  Their 
whole  coast  is  surrounded  with  rocks.  The  north 
point  of  the  islands  lies  in  lat.  32°  34'  N.  Ion.  63°  28' 
W.  The  largest  of  these  islands  are  St.  George, 
whichis  16mileslong,and2broad;  St, David, Coop- 
•er,  Ireland,  Somerset,  Long  island.  Bird  island,  and 
Nonesuch.  On  the  first  there  is  a  town,  contain- 
ing 500  houses  ;  the  two  following  have  some  vil- 
lages, and  throughout  the  others  there  are  only 
scattered  farms.  The  winter  is  hardly  percepti- 
ble here.  The  fields  and  trees  are  clad  in  perpet- 
ual green,  and  so  salubrious  is  the  air,  that  inva- 
lids frequently  come  hither  for  the  recovery  of 
their  health.  But  these  advantages  are  counter- 
balanced by  tempests  of  thunder  and  lightning,  to- 
gether with  hurricanes,  which  are  at  times  tre- 
mendous. The  Bermudas  contain  from  10,000  to 
12,000  acres  of  poor  land,  of  which  nine  parts  in 
ten  are  either  uncultivated  or  reserved  in  woods 
for  the  supplying  of  timber  for  building  small 
ships,  sloops,  and  shallops  for  sale  ;  this  being  the 
principal  employment  of  the  inhabitants.  Pop.  es- 
timated at  5,462  whites,  4,919  blacks.  They 
have  two  harvests  of  Indian  corn  in  the  year,  one 
in  July,  the  other  in  December.  They  likewise 
cultivate  tobacco,  legumes,  and  fruit  sufficient  for 
their  wants.  The  imports  in  1809  amounted  to 
11,648/.  and  the  exports  to  34,279/. 

Bern,  or  Berne,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  for- 
merly the  largest  in  the  republic.  Its  present 
boundaries  are  Uri,  Unterwalden,  and  Lucerne 
on  the  E.  Aargau  and  Solothurn  on  the  N.  the 
Jura  mountains,  Fribourg,  and  Vaud  on  the  W, 
and  the  Valais  on  the  S,  It  comprehends  3,872 
square  miles,  and  215,000  inhabitants. 

Bern,  the  capital  of  the  canton  of  Berne,  stands 
on  the  declivity  of  a  hill  near  the  Aar,  which  wash- 
es three  sides  of  the  town.  It  is  large,  and  in  part 
fortified.  The  scenery  of  the  environs  is  very  ro- 
mantic. It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1798,  af- 
ter several  bloody  skirmishes,  50  m.  S.  W,  Zu- 
rich, 75  N.  E.  Geneva.  Lon.  7°  26'  E,  lat.  46° 
56'  55"  N.     Pop.  13,340. 

Bern,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  20  m,  W.  Albany, 

14  from  Schoharie.     Pop.  5,135. 

Bern,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  14  m,  N,  W.  Reading. 
Bern,  t,  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Hockhocking, 

3  m.  W.  Lancaster. 

Bernang,  or  Bernegg,  district  and  v.  Switrer- 
!and.  in  St.  Gall,  8  m.  E.  N,  E.  AppeiweL 


B  E  R 


103 


Bernard'' s  Castle.     See  Barnard's. 

Bemardston,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  5  m.  N. 
Greenfield. 

Bernardstown,  t.  Somerset  co,  N.  J.  Pop.  1,870. 

Bernau,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  Middle  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 14  m.  N.  E.  Berlin,     Pop.  1,600. 

Bernau,  t.  Bavaria,  28  m.  N.  E.  Amberg. 

Bernacille,  t.  France,  iu  Somme,  15  m.  N.  A- 


Bemay,  t.  France,  in  Eure.  Pop.  6,470.  28 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Evreux. 

Bernburg,  a  portion  of  the  principality  of  An- 
halt,  in  Germany,  containing  330  square  miles, 
with  36,000  inhabitants,  and  yielding  a  revenue 
of  upwai'ds  of  200,000  dollars.  Bemberg  the 
chief  town  is  on  the  Saale,20  m.  W.  Dessau,  24 
S.  Magdeburg.     Lon.  1 1°  52'  E,  Lat.  51°  50'  N. 

Berncastel,  t,  Prussian  states,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
on  the  Moselle,  18  m,  E.  N,  E.  Treves. 

Berne.     See  Bern. 

Berneck,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bayreuth. 

Berners  Bay,  on  the  N.  VV.  coast  of  America^ 
between  Point  Bridget  and  Point  St.  Marv.  Lat. 
58°  43i'  N. 

Berniers  Island,  on  the  W,  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lat.  24°  50'  S. 

Bernstadl,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Weida,  20  m.  E. 
Breslau. 

Bernstadt,  t.  Saxony,  9  m.  S.  W.  Gorlitz.  Lon. 
14°  54'  E.  Lat  51°  2'  N, 

Berre,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  IS, 
m.  N.  W.  Marseilles. 

Berry,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  of 
France,  bounded  S.  by  La  Marche,  W,  by  Tour- 
aine  and  Poitou,  N,  by  Blaisois,  Sologne,  Orlean- 
nois  proper,  and  Gatinois,  and  E,  by  Nivernois 
and  Bourbonnois, 

Berry-hill-bluff,  p-v,  Putnam  co.  Geo. 

Berryslick,  p-v.  Logan  co.  Ken. 

Berrysville,  p-v.  Charles  co.  Md. 

Berrysville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

Bersch,  t.  France,  16  m.  W.  Strasburg. 

Berschete,  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  Adriatic, 
38  m.  S,  E.  Trieste,    Lat  45°  27'  N. 

Bersel,  t.  Turkey,  in  Marasch,  on  tlie  Euphra- 
tes, 50  m.  S.  Malatia. 

Bersello,  t  Italy,  in  Reggio,  on  the  Po,  10  m.  N. 
E.  Parma. 

Berthier,  v.  and  seigniory,  Warwick  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St  Lawrence,  46 
m.  N.  E,  Montreal,  50  S.  W.  Three-Rivers.  The 
village  contains  at  least  80  houses,  and  many 
granaries,  and  store-houses  of  British  manufac- 
tured goods.  The  neighbouring  country  is  thriv- 
ing and  populous,  and  from  it  large  quantities  of 
grain  are  annually  exported.  Pop.  of  the  seigniory, 
5,000. 

Berthier,  seigniory,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  tJie  St.  Lawrence,  25  m.  E. 
Quebec. 

Bertie,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lalie 
Erie  at  its  eastern  extremity,  having  Niagara  riv- 
er on  the  east. 

Bertie,  co.N.  C,  on  the  Roanoke,  at  its  entrance 
into  Albemarle  Sound,  Pop.  11,218.  Slave?, 
6,059.     Chief  t  Windsor. 

Bertincourt,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calai?. 

Bertinoro,  t.  Italy,  States  of  the  Church,  15  m. 
S.  Ravenna.     Lat.  44°  9'  N. 

Bertiola,  s-p.  Brazil,  15  m.  S.  St  Sebastian. 

Bervie,  or  Inverbervie,  t.  Scotland,  Kincardine- 
shire, on  the  sea-coast,  13  m.  N.  E.  Montrose. 

Berwick,  a  county  of  Scotland,  bonn'l^'d  \",  bv 


104 


B  E  S 


Haddington,  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  VV.  by  Mid 
Lothian,  and  S.  by  Roxburghshire  and  the  Tweed. 
K  contains  about  446  square  miles,  or  285,440 
English  acres,  of  which  upwards  of  100,000  are 
arable,  and  185,000  are  in  hill  and  pasture.  The 
population  in  1811  was  30,779  ;  families,  6,867,  of 
whom  3,124  were  engaged  in  agriculture,  and 
2,013  in  commerce. 

Berivick-upon-Tweed,  t.  and  county  in  itself,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Tweed,  within  half  a  mile  of  its 
confluence  with  the  German  ocean.  It  formerly 
belonged  to  "Scotland,  and  was  the  chief  town  in 
the  county  of  Berwick,  and  the  theatre  of  many 
sanguinary  conflicts  between  the  English  and 
Scottish  armies.  It  was  finally  ceded  to  England 
in  1502  ;  and  by  a  treaty  between  Edward  VI. 
and  Mary  queen  of  Scotland,  it  was  declared  to  be 
a  free  town,  independent  of  both  rtates.  Many 
privileges  still  remain,  peculiar  to  the  town  and 
its  liberties.  Its  chief  trade  consists  in  exporting 
•orn,  pork,  eggs,  and  salmon.  The  salmon  fishe- 
ry employs  about  70  boats  and  300  men.  The 
Berwick  smacks  that  sail  between  London  and 
that  town,  have  long  been  famed  for  their  accom- 
modation, safety,  and  expeditious  sailing,  and 
for  many  years  engrossed  the  carrying  trade  for 
the  Eastern  district  of  Scotland.  Pop.  7,746.  336 
m.  N.  W.  London,  54  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Berwick,  JVorth,  t.  Scotland,  Haddington  co.  on 
the  Frith  of  Forth,  22  m.  E.  Edinburgh.  Pop. 
1,727. 

Berwick,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Salmon-fall 
river,  14  m.  N.  W.  York. 

Beruick,  South,  p-t,  York  co.  Maine,  on  Sal- 
mon-fall river,  12  m.  N.  W.  York,  17  N.  by  W. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  in-  1810,  4,455.  At  the  land- 
ing at  the  foot  of  the  falls  is  a  flourishing  village. 

Berwick,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah,  opposite  the  falls  in  Nesco- 
peck  creek.  22^  m.  above  Sunbury. 

Berwick.     See  Abbolstoum. 

Besagno,  r.  Italy,  runs  intothegulf  of  Genoa. 

Besalu,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15  m.  N.  Gero- 
na. 

Besancon,  a  large,  ancient,  and  well  built  city, 
France,  formerly  capital  of  Franche  Comte,  now 
of  the  department  of  the  Doubs.  It  is  on  the 
Doubs,  which  nearly  surrounds  it.  It  was  strong- 
ly fortified  by  Louis  XIV.  Its  citadel  is  on  a  sharp 
rock.  56  m.  E.  Dijon,  235  S.  E.,  Paris.  Lon.  6° 
2'  45"  E.  Lat.  47°  13'  45"  N.     Pop.  28,200. 

Besborough  Island,  in  Norton-Sound,  on  the  N. 
W.  coastof  America.    Lat.  64°  10'  N. 

Beschlan,  or  the  Five-Mounlaim,  Asm,  in  Cau- 
casus, the  most  northern  range  of  the  Caucasian 
chain.  There  is  an  establishment  of  British  mis- 
sionaries at  its  base,  over  which  a  native  of  Scot- 
land presides ;  and  there  is  a  printing  press  be- 
longing to  it,  from  whence  many  religious  tracts, 
in  the  Eastern  languages,  have  issued.  30  m,  fr. 
Georgiefsk. 

Bescon,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  7i  m. 
W.  Angers. 

Besigheim,  t.  Wirtemburg,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Enz  into  the  Neckar,  23  m.  N.  Stutgard. 

Besor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  brook,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of 
Palestine,  runs  into  the  Meditepranean,  N.  of 
Gaza. 

Besos,  r.  Spain,  falls  into  the  Mediterranean, 
near  Barcelona. 

Bessan,  t.  Prance,  in  Herault,  10  m.  E.  Beziers. 

Bessarabia,  or  Budsiac  Tarlary,  province,  Rus- 
?i3-  crn  the  BJar-k  St^ti,  between  the  Danube  and 


B  E  T 

the  Dueister.  It  was  formerly  in  the  hands  of  the 
Turks,  but  in  1812  was  ceded  to  Russia.  The 
Budziac  Tartars  formerly  inhabited  this  country, 
but  many  of  them  have  emigrated  to  the  banks  of 
the  Kuban. 

Bessasfader,  t.  Iceland,  on  a  peninsula,  on  the 
VV.  coast. 

Bessau,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  coast. 
Lon.  9°  40'  \V.  Lat.  5°  50'  N. 

Besse,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  24  m.  S. 
Clermont-Ferrand . 

Besse,  t.  France,  in  Var.  18  m.  N.  E.  Toulon. 

Besse-Courtenvaux,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  3  m.  S. 
St.  Calais. 

Bessines,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  18  m.  N. 
Limoges.     Pop.  2,510. 

Betah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Syria,  province  of  Syria- 
zobah. 

Betamore  Head,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Skye. 
Lon.  6°  43'  W.  Lat.  57°  26'  N. 

Beianzos,  the  Flavium  Brigantium,  or  Flavio- 
briga  of  the  Romans,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  7  m.  S. 
E.  Corunna. 

Beteskoe,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Irtisch,  230  m.  S.  E. 
Tobolsk. 

Beihabara,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  same  as  Bethany. 
According  to  others,  a  place  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Jordan  at  the  outlet  of  the  sea  of  Tiberias,  N.  N. 
E,  Jerusalem. 

Beihabara,  Moravian  settlements,  Stokes  co- 
N.  C.  4  m.  S.  E.  Bethany. 

Bethany,  v.  Palestine.  Here  is  shown  a  grotto 
which  is  pretended  to  be  the  sepulchre  of  Laza- 
rus. It  is  3  m.  S.  Jerusalem.  Another,  15  m.  N. 
Jerusalem. 

Bethany,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  S.  Batavia. 

Bethany,  p-t.  and  cap.  W^ayne  co.  Peu  50  m.  N. 
E.  Wilkesbarre. 

Bethany,  p-t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  settled  by  Mora- 
vians,  9  m.  N.  W.  Salem.  It  contains  about  60 
houses.     See  TVachovia. 

Bethany,  a  settlement  in  S.  Africa,  in  Great 
Namaqualand,  formerly  called  Klip  fountain,  55 
m.  N.  of  the  Great  river ,  about  550  fr.  Cape- 
town. The  London  Society  has  a  missionary 
here. 

Beth-aven,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Ben- 
jamin, near  Bethel,  called  by  the  prophet  Hosea 
Bethel,  i.  e.  idolatrous. 

Bethbara,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Bethabara. 

Bethel,  in  Sac.  Geog.  at  first  called  Lus,  city,  10 
m.  N.  Jerusalem,  1  W.  Ai. 

Bethel,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, 1 8  m.  N.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  975. 

Bethel,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  29  m.  N.  W.  Wind- 
sor.     Pop.  1,041. 

Bethel,  p-t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware  riv- 
er, W.  of  Thompson.     Pop.  733. 

Bethel,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,095. 

Bethel,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

Bethel,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  299. 

Bethel,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,091. 

Bethel,  p-t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.  Wil- 
liamsburg.     Pop.  in  1815,  100. 

Bethel,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  810. 

Bethelsdorp,  a  Hottentot  settlement,  in  S.  Africa, 
about  500  miles  east  of  Cape-town.  It  consists  of 
about  1200  persons.  The  Missionaries  of  the 
London  Society  have  labored  here  since  1802,  and 
with  great  success.  Hundreds  of  Hottentots 
have  been  converted  to  Christianity,  and  their 
improvement  in  civilization  is  great.  They  how 
practice  bo  less  than  16  trades. 


BET 

Bethesda,  in  Sac.  Geog:.  a  pool  near  the  temple 
-:it  Jerusalem,  with  a  building  erected  upon  it.  It 
is  said  to  be  now  120  paces  long,  40  broad,  and  8 
deep,  but  empty  of  water. 

Bethesda.  a  settlement  in  S.  Africa,  on  the  great 
Orange  river,  formerly  called  Orlam's  Kraal, 
about  700  miles  from  Cape  town.  The  London 
Society  has  a  missionar}"  here. 

Beth-horon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t  in  the  tribe  of 
Ephraim.  Bellioron,  the  lower,  t.  also  in  the 
tribe  of  Ephraim,  on  the  confines  of  the  tribe  of 
Benjamin.  It  is  on  a  hill,  and  the  road  leading  to 
it  so  narrow,  that  2  camels  cannot  go  abreast. 

Beth-jesimoth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  the  Reu- 
benites,  not  far  from  the  Dead  sea,  E.  of  Jordan, 
10  m.  S.  Jericho. 

Bethlehem,  t.  Palestine,  on  a  mountain  covered 
with  vines  and  olives,  6  m.  S.  Jerusalem.  It  is 
remarkable  as  the  birth  place  of  Christ.  The 
manger  wherein  he  was  laid,  is  pretended  to  be 
shown.  The  convent  over  it  is  a  solid  stone  struc- 
ture, and  includes  three  religious  houses,  for 
Franks,  Greeks,  and  Armenians.  Bethlehem 
contains  at  present  about  500  families, 

Bethlehem,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Penn.  on  the 
Lehigh,  12  m.  S.  W.  Easton,  53  N.  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,436.  It  is  a  settlement  of  the  Moravians 
or  United  Brethren.  The  situation  is  healthful 
and  pleasant,  and  in  summer  is  frequented  by 
gentry  from  different  parts .  There  are  two  board- 
ing schools,  one  for  young  ladies,  and  the  other  for 
boys,  which  are  in  high  repute,  and  receive  many 
scholars  from  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  other 
parts  of  the  United  States. 

Bethlehem,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  69  m.  N.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  422. 

Bethlehem,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
8  m.  below  Albany.     Pop.  4,430. 

Bethlehem,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on  a  branch 
of  the  Raritan.     Pop.  1,738. 

Bethlehem,  East,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Monongahela.     Pop.  1,849. 

Bethleliem,  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  460. 

Bethlehem,  p-v.  Clarke  co.  Indiana. 

Bethleliem' s  creek,  or  Vlaman's  kill,  N.  Y.  runs 
into  the  Hudson,  7  m.  below  Albany. 

Bethlehem-cross-roads,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

Bethlem,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.  S.  Litch- 
field, 32  N.  N.  W.  New  Haven.     Pop.  1,118. 

Bethnall,  or  Bednull-Green,  parish,  Eng.  ad- 
joining London. 

Betli-pli'ige,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  tract  of  land  on 
Mount  Olivet,  2  ra.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Bethsaida,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  name  of  two  pla- 
ces mentioned  in  the  Bible  :  Bethsaida  of  Galilee, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  sea  of  Tiberias,  near  Ca- 
pernaum; and  Bethsaida,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
same  sea,  at  thti  influx  of  the  Jordan. 

Bethshean,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Ma- 
nasseh,  W.  of  the  Jordan,  60  m.  N.  E.  Jerusalem, 
afterwards  called  Sci/thopolis. 

Bethshem^sh,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  belonging  to  the 
Levites,  in  the  tribe  of  Judah,  near  the  borders 
of  the  Philistines,  W.  of  Kirjath-jearim;  another, 
in  the  tribe  of  Naphtali ;  another  in  Issachar  or 
Zebulon  ;  another,  the  same  as  On,  or  Heliopolis, 
in  Egypt. 

Beth-tappuah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  tlie  name  of  two 
towns  mentioned  in  the  Bible :  one  in  the  tribe  of 
Judah;  the  other,  on  the  borders  of  the  tribes  of 
Ephraim  and  Manasseh. 

Bcthme,  t.  France,  in   Pas-de-Calais.      Pop. 


B  E  W 


lOp 


about  7,000.  20  m.  N.  W.  Arra^,  134  N.  Parig. 
Lon.  2°  44'  E.  Lat.  50°  32'  N. 

Beth-zur,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  on  the  mountains  in 
the  tribe  of  Judah,  between  Jerusalem  and  He- 
bron. 

Belley,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafibrdshire,  4  m.  fr,  Newcas- 
tle-under-Line. 

Betlis,  t.  A.  Turkey,  near  Lake  Van,  100  m.  N. 
Mosul,  110  E.  Diarbekir.  The  population  of  the 
town  and  neighbouring  villages  is  computed  at 
26,000  Kurds,  Turks,  Armenians,  and  Syrians. 
Lon.  42°  31'  E.  Lat.  37°  45'  N. 

Bettenhausen,  v.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meiningen, 
6  m.  W.  Meiningen.     Pop.  6,520. 

Bettenhoven,  i.  Prussian  states,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
8  m.  E.  Juliers. 

Bet  Hah,  district.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  between  lat. 
27°  and  28°  N.  bounded  W.  by  the  river  Gun- 
duck,  E.  by  the  district  of  Tyrhoot.  Bettiah  city 
is  the  capital.     Lon.  84°  26'  E.  Lat.  27°  3'  xN. 

Betton's  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast  of 
Revilla-Gigedo.   Lon.  228°  28'  E.  Lat.  55°  21'  N. 

Betlooriah,  district.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  100  mi^es 
long  by  about  20  broad,  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  the 
Ganges. 

Bettsburg,  p-v.  in  Jerusalem,  Chenango  co. 
N.  Y. 

Bets,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  13  m.  S.  E.  Senlis. 

Betzkow,  t.  Hungary,  18  m.  W.  Topoltzan. 

Bevagna,  t.  Pope's  dominions,  in  the  duchy  of 
Spoleto,  15  m.  N.  W.  Spoleto. 

Beveland,  Kortli.  and  South,  two  islands  of  Neth- 
erland?,  in  Zealand,  formed  by  the  branches  of 
the  Scheldt. 

Becer,  r.  Hanover,  falls  into  the  Ems,  between 
West  Bevern  and  Munster. 

Bei-ercn,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  15  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Dendermonde.     Pop.  4,930. 

Beverley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.  Its  principal 
trade  is  in  corn  and  coal.  9  m.  N.  W.  Hull,  30 
E.  S.  E.  York,  128  N.  London.     Pop.  6,035. 

Beverly,  i.  Y^ork  co.  Upper  Canada,  S.  W.  York. 

Beverly,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  li  m.  N.  Salem, 
16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  4,608.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Salem  by  a  handsome  bridge,  1500 
feet  long.  It  has  a  bank ;  and  4  meeting-houses  : 
3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The 
inhabitants  are  extensively  engaged  in  the  fishe- 
ries. 

Beverly,  p-t.  and  cap.  Randolph  cp.  Va.  254  m. 
N.  W.  Richmond. 

Bevern,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick, 20  m.  W.  Eimbeck.     Pop.  1,050. 

Bevcrungen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Paderborn,  on  the  Weser,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Bever,  24  m.  S.  E.  Paderborn. 

Beverwyck,  v.  Netherlands,  9  m.  N.  Haarlem. 

Bevilacqua,  t.  Italy,  iu  Verona,  28  m.  S.  W. 
Padua. 

Bevry,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais. 

Beuielspach,  t.  Wirtemberg,  8  m.  S.  E.  Stut- 
gard.     Pop.  1,560. 

Beufhen,  Upper,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  Si- 
lesia, 40  m.  S.  E.  Oppeln.  Lon.  18°  53'  E.  Lat, 
50"  18'N.     Pop.  1,900. 

Beuthen,  Lower,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  13  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Great  Glogau.  Pop.  2,730.  Lon.  15" 
50' E.  Lat.  51°  42' N. 

Beutschen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Posen,  44  m.  W.  Posen. 

Beuseville,  v.  France,  in  Eure,  38  m.  N.  W. 
Evreux. 

Bevdley,  t.  Eng.  in  Worre«terphire,onthe  Ser- 


106 


B  I  C 


B  I  G 


eYn,  33  m.  W.  Kidderminster,  14  N.  Worcester. 
Pop.  3,454.  , 

Bex,  V.  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  43  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Bern. 

Beyenjletk,  v.  Denmark,  in  tlie  duchy  of  Hol- 
itein,  5  m.  N.  W.  Gluckstadt. 

Beyhar,  t.  Bengal,  cap.  of  Cooch  Behar,  on  the 
banks  ol  the  Torssha,  in  lat.  26°  18'  N.  Ion.  89° 
22'  E. 

Beyla,  v.  Africa,  60  m.  N.  E.  Scnnaar. 

Bcypour,  t.  Iliud.  on  tlic  coast  of  Malabar,  16 
m.  S.  Calicut. 

Beyramitch,  city,  Asia  Minor,  cap.  of  Troas, 
60  m.  fr.  the  Dardanelles. 

Bezek,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  S.  of  Bethlehem. 

Beziers,  t.  France,  on  the  canal  of  Languedoc. 
Pop.  12,500.  14  m.  N.  E.  Narbonne,  38  S.  W. 
Montpelier. 

Bezoara,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Kiishna,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Condapilly. 

Bhadrinathf  t.  Hind,  in  Serinaghur,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Alcanunda  river.  The  concourse  of 
persons  is  said  to  be  annually  50,000,  who  make 
their  offerings  at  the  shrine  of  the  temple  here. 
Lon.  79°  38'  E.  Lat.  30°  43'  N. 

Bhalg07ig,  city,  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  It  contains 
12,000  houses  of  brick,  and  is  the  residence  and 
seat  of  learning  of  tlie  Brahmins  of  Nepaul. 

Bhurtpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  cap.  of  the  Jaut 
chief.     Lon.  77°  28'  E.  Lat.  27°  13'  N. 

Biafara,  district,  Africa,  S.  E.of  Benin. 

Biafaras.     See  Bissagos. 

Biala,  r.  separates  Bilitz,  in  Austrian  Silesia, 
from  Galicia,  and  falls  into  the  Vistula ;  another, 
runs  into  the  Dunajetz. 

Biala,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  Galicia,  16  m.  N. 
E.  Fescher.     Pop.  2,720. 

Biala,  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  16  m.  S.  W. 
Brzesc.     Pop.  2,720. 

B  ialocerkiev,  t.  Russia,  60  m.  S.  S.  W.  Kiev. 
Lon.  30°  10'  E.  Lat.  49°  44'  N. 

Bialogrod,  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  8  m.  S.  E.  Lida, 

Bialykamen,  t.  Austria,  in  Galicia,  near  the 
:50urce  of  the  Bug,  25  m.  E.  N.  E.  Lemberg. 

Bialystock,  t.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  24  m.  N.  Bi- 
elsk.    Lon.  22°  30'  E.  Lat.  53°  2'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Biaiia,  ancient  city  of  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  77° 
W  E.  Lat.  26°  56'  N. 

Bianco,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coast  of 
Istria.    Lon.  13^^  39'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N. 

Bianco,  Lo,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Bova. 

Biantrate,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  W.  Novara. 

Bibbiena,  t.  Tuscany,  15  m.  N.  Arezzo,  26  E. 
Florence. 

Biber,  r.  Suabia,  falls  into  the  Danube,  near 
Leipheim. 

Biberach,  t.  in  Wirtemberg,  in  the  district  of 
the  Danube,  in  a  fertile  and  agreeable  valley  on 
the  river  Riess.  It  is  not  ibrtihed,  but  has  suf- 
fered severely  in  the  wars  of  the  I7th  and  18th 
centuries.  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ulm,  48  W.  S.  W. 
Augsburg.  Lon.  9°  47' E.  Lat.  48°  7'N.  Pop.  4,350. 

Biberbach,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the  Upper 
Danube,  9  m.  fr.  Augsburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Biberist,  v.  Switzerland,  in  Solothurn. 

Biberstein,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Bern. 

Bibiana,  v.  Piedmont,  near  Lucerna. 

Bic,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  153  m.  below 
Quebec. 

Bicaneer,  district,  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  between 
lat  28"^  and  30°  N.  and  lon.  72°  and  75°  E. 


Bicester,  t.  Eng.  Oxfordshire,  58  m.  W.  N.  W. 
London.     Pop.  1,921. 

Bichao,  r.  falls  into  the  Orinoco  from  the  W, 
near  the  falls  of  Atures. 

Bickcrstaff]  1.  Eng.  Lancashire,  3  m.fr.  Ormskirk. 

Bickerloii' s,  or  Latlai  Island,  in  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  174°  48'  W.  Lat.  18°  47'  S. 

Bicocca,  V.  Lombardo- Venetian  kingdom,  2  m. 
N.  E.  Milan. 

Bidache,  t.  France,  16  m.  E.  Bayonne.     Pop. 


Bidassoa,  r.  separates  Spain  from  France ;  and 
falls  into  the  bay  of  Biscay,  between  Andaye  and 
Fontarabia. 

Biddeford,  s-p.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river, 
opposite  Saco,  28  m.  N.  E.  York.     Pop.  1,563. 

Biddle  Lake,  the  S.  W.  head  of  Bighorn  river. 

Bideford,  s-p.  Eng.  Devonsliire,  9  m.  fr.  Barn- 
staple.    Pop.  3,244. 

Bidourle,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean, E.  of  Montpelier. 

Bidouse,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  Adour,  near 
Bayonne. 

Bidumi,  district,  Syria,  bounded  N.  by  Pales- 
tine, W.  by  Egypt,  and  E.  and  S.  by  Arabia. 

Biedenkopf,  t.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  15 
m.  N,  W.  Marburg.     Pop.  2,600. 

Bieka,  or  Crab,  one  of  the  Virgin  islands,  9  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Porto-Riro.  Lon.  65°  15' W.  Lat.  18°  N. 

Bielefeld,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Westphalia.  The  chief  trade  is  in  linen. 
22  m.  N.  Lippstadt,  25  E.  Munster.  Lon.  8°  27' 
E.     Lat.  51°  53'  N. 

Bielew,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Oka,  65  m.  ^^\  S.  W. 
Thoula. 

Bielgorod,  t.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  68  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Kursk.     Lon.  35°  54'  E.  Lat.  50°  55'  N. 

Biella,  or  Bioglio,  t.  Piedmont,  2ji  m.  N.  W. 
Vercelli,  35  N.N.  E.  Turin.    Pop.  8,250. 

Bieloi,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  sea  of  Karskoe.  Lon. 
69°  14' E.  Lat.  73^-40' N. 

Bieloi,  t.  Russia,  in  Smolensko,  50  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Smolensko. 

Bido-Ozero,  lake,  Russia,  in  Novgorod;  the 
Scheksna  flows  from  it  S.  to  the  Volga. 

Bielopolje,  t.  Russia,  in  Charkov,  88  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Charkov.     Pop.  9,050. 

Bielosersk,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  on  lake  Bie- 
lo-Ozero,  64  m.  N.  E.  Vologda.  Lon.  38°  14'  E. 
Lat.  59°  52  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Bielsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  108  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Warsaw.  Lon.  23°  15'  E.  Lat.  52°  40'  N.  Pop. 
2,830. 

Bien7ie,  or  Biel,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Bern,  15  m. 
N.  W.  Bern. 

Bientina,  t.  Tuscany,  15  m.  E.  Pisa. 

Bierjliel,  t.  Netherlands,  on  an  island  in  the 
West  Scheldt,  12  m.  N.  E.  Sluys,  20  N.  Ghent. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Bierley,  J^orth,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  2  m.  from 
Bradford.     Pop.  4,766. 

Biesbosch,  a  large  lake  or  arm  of  the  sea,  be- 
tween Dort  and  Gertruydenburg,  in  S.  Holland, 
which  was  formed  in  the  year  1421,  by  the  burst- 
ing of  the  dykes. 

Bicrsenthall,  t.  Prussia,  18  m.  N.  E.  Berlin. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Bielighcim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Metter  and  the  Enz.  15  m.  N.  Stutgard. 
Pop.  2,200. 

Biferno,  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Venice^, 
near  Termoli. 

Bigbajj-setllemcnt,  p-v.  Johnson  co.  Illinois. 


B  I  K 


B  I  L 


107 


Sigbearer  creek.    See  Mahoning. 

Bigblack,  r.  Missisippi,  runs  S.  W.  170  miles, 
und  falls  into  the  Missisippi  at  the  Great  Gulf  j 
oO  m.  above  Natchez.  It  is  navigable,  in  wet  sea- 
sons, 70  miles. 

Bigblue,  V.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Ohio,  about  16 
m.  W.  Corydon. 

Bighone  creek,  Ken.  runs  N.  into  the  Ohio  in 
Boone  co.  Big-bone-Licks  is  8  miles  above  its 
moutli,  and  is  a  tract  of  land  on  each  side  of  the 
river,  furrowed  by  the  tongues  of  the  buffaloes 
and  deer,  who  lick  it  for  the  salt  with  which  it  is 
impregnated.  Bones  were  found  here,  [among 
them  a  thigh-bone  49  inches  long,]  of  some  animal, 
inferred  to  be  5  or  6  times  larger  than  the  elephant, 
and  to  becarniverous,  from  an  examination  of  the 
tusks.  In  Yale  college,  Connecticut,  a  tooth  of 
the  animal  is  deposited. 

Big-dry,  r.  North- America,  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 160  m.  above  the  Yellow  Stone. 

Big-fiats,  p-v.  in  Elmira,  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

Bighorn  River,  North  America,  rises  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the  Platte, 
and  falls  into  the  Yellow  Stone,  at  Manuel's  fort. 
Its  length  is  800  miles.  In  its  course  it  receives 
two  considerable  rivers,  one  from  the  W.  and 
one  from  the  S.  called  little  Bighorn  river.  It  is 
unobstructed  by  falls,  and  is  navigable  to  a  great 
distance  in  canoes,  Oirough  a  rich  open  country. 

Biggar,  t.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  27  m.  S.  W. 
Edinburgh.     Pop.  1,376. 

Bigglcsuade,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire,  on  the 
Ivel,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place.  45  m.  N. 
liOndon.     Pop.  1,89.5. 

Big-lick,  p-v.  Botetourt  co.  Va. 

Bigprairic,  t.  New  Madrid  co.  Missouri. 

Bigriver,  t.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Missouri. 

Bigriver,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Missouri. 

Bigrock,  t.  Arkansaw  territory,  extends  80  miles 
along  Arkansaw  river. 

Big-Sajtdy,  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Oconee, 
about  20  miles  above  Dublin. 

Big  Sandy,  r.  rises  in  the  Alleghany  mountains, 
near  the  heads  of  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland 
rivers,  and  falls  into  the  Ohio  between  Virginia 
and  Kentucky.  It  is  the  boundary  between 
these  States  for  nearly  200  miles.  It  is  nav- 
igable to  tiie  Wascioto  mountains.  The  east 
branch  joins  the  South  or  main  stream  40  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio.  The  mouth  of 
Little  Sandy  river  is  20  miles  below  that  of  Big 
Sandy. 

Big  Scioux,  r.  falls  into  the  Missouri  from  the 
north,  882  miles  aliovc  its  mouth. 

Big  springs,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Md. 

Big-Muddy-creck,  p-v.  Randolph  co.  Illinois. 

Biguba,  a  small  kingdom  of  West  Africa,  on  the 
Rio  Grande. 

Big-Walnut,  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Scioto,  12  m.  below  Columbus. 

Bihar,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bordering  upon 
Transylvania  on  the  east. 

Bija,  r.  Russia,  issues  from  the  lake  Teletskoi, 
in  Kolhyvane,  and  joining  the  Katunia  at  Katun- 
skaia,  is  called  the  Ob,  or  Oby. 

Bijaghur,  fort,  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  83° 
10'E.Lat.24°3rN. 

Bijore,  a  small  Afghan  district,  in  Cabul. 

Bijore,  cap.  Bijore  district,  53  m.  from  the  riv- 
er Indus.     Lon.  70°  43'  E.  Lat.  34°  8'  N. 

Bijugas.     See  Bissagos. 

Bikbulakova,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha,  on  the  Ik.  80 
m.  N.  E.  Orenburg. 


Btkillam,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  24  m.  from  tlu; 
Arabian  coast.     Lat.  16°  18' N. 

Bilboa,  or  Bilbao,  t.  Spain,  the  capital  of  Biscay 
proper,  is  on  the  Ybaiclialbal,  6  m.  from  the  sea. 
It  is  well  built,  has  a  spacious  harbour,  and  15,000 
inhabitants.  It  carries  on  an  extensive  com- 
merce, the  wool  of  Spain  being  mostly  exported 
through  this  channel  to  England,  France,  Hol- 
land, and  other  countries,  whde  the  whole  of  the 
north  of  Spain  is  supplied,  through  it,  with  foreign 
merchandize.  The  imports  are  stock-fish,  Baltic 
hemp,  materials  for  ship-building,  ship  stores, 
cocoa,  sugar,  coffee,  linen,  English  woollen  manu- 
factures, drugs,  French  wines,  &:c.  There  are 
generally  imported  about  160  cwt.  of  salt  fish,  and 
6000  barrels  of  train  oil.  The  number  of  vessels^ 
great  and  small,  that  visit  the  harbour  yearly,  ir^ 
between  500  and  600.  220  m.  N.  Madrid.  Lon, 
2'='  42'  W.  Lat.  43°  14'  15"  N. 

Biledulgerid,  the  usual  name  given  to  an  exten- 
sive region  of  Africa,  situated  immediately  S.  of 
Algiers  and  Tunis.  It  forms  the  transition  from  the 
fertile  plains  of  Barbary,  to  that  desert  of  sand  which 
covers  interior  Africa.  The  only  produc't  is  dates, 
which  supplies  the  inhabitants  with  food,  aiid  ena- 
bles them,  by  exchange,  to  procure  the  small 
quantity  of  foreign  commodities  of  which  they 
make  use.  These  tribes  are  under  a  species  of 
nominal  subjection  to  the  neighbouring  states  of 
Algiers  and  'I'uni.-,  tiiough  it  scarcely  amounts  to 
more  tlian  the  payment  of  an  annual  tribute, 
which  some  of  them  even  refuse  to  pay. 

Bilgam,  s-p.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ceylon  Lou« 
80°  32'  E.  Lat.  6°  N. 

Bilitz,  a  small  principality  in  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  borders  of  Poland.  The  town  of  Bilitz  is  on 
the  river  Bialy,  15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Testhen.  Lou. 
18°  59' E.  Lat.  49°  48' N. 

Bill-Birds- Key,  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  on  the 
Mosquito  shore.     Lon.  82°  54'  W.  Lat.  12°  16'  N. 

Bille,  r.  Germany,  falls  into  the  Elbe  near  Ham- 
burgh. 

Billeniay,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  24  m.  E.  London. 

Billerica,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  19  m.  N. 
Boston.     Pop-l>289. 

Billesdon,  i.  Eng.  8  m.  E.  Leicester. 

Bilkton,  isl.  between  Sumatra  and  Borneo. 
Lon.  108°  E.  Lat.  3°  S. 

Billighcim,  t.  of  the  Bavarian  dominions,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Rhine,  4  m.  S.  Landau,  16  S.  W. 
Spires.     Pop.  1,000. 

Billington,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  fromi 
Blackburn. 

Billon,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  12  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  5,200. 

Billounjah,  district.  Hind,  in  Gundwana.  Lat. 
24°  and  25°  N.  Lon.  84°  and  85°  E. 

Bills,  rock  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lon.  10°  1'  W.  Lat.  53°  52'  N. 

Billimead,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  38  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  433. 

Bilma,  a  desert  of  Africa,  between  Bornou  and 
Fezzan.     Caravans  are  ten  days  in  crossing  it. 

Bilsah,  t.  Hind,  in  Mulwah,  on  the  river  Bet- 
wah.     Lon.  77°  50'  E.  Lat.  23°  33'  N. 

Bilsen,  t  Netherlands,  14  m.  N.  Liege.  Pop. 
1,950. 

Bilskoi,  t.  Siberia,  on  the  Balaia,  90  m.  N.  W. 
Irkutsk. 

Bilstein,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province  of 
Westphalia,  42  m.  E.  Cologne.  Lon.  8°  8'  E. 
Lat.  51°  N. 

Bilston,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire.  Near  it  are  val- 


lOS 


B  I  R 


B  I  R 


uable  quarries  of  free  stone  ;  aUo  productive  mines 
of  coal  and  ironstone,  and  furnaces  are  erected  for 
smelting  iron  ore.  Here  are  manufactories  for 
japanned  enamelled  goods,  and  iron  ware.  1 1  m. 
N.  W.  Birmingham,  121  N.  W.  London.  Pop. 
9,646. 
Bilslon,  t.  Eng.  in  Suflfolk,  9  m.  from  Ipswich, 

11  N.  E.  Sudbury. 

Bima,  t  on  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  the  island  of 
Sunibava,  ou  a  fine  basin.  The  British  have  ap- 
pointed a  resident  hei-e.  Lon.  118°  51'  E.  Lat.  8° 
!24'  S. 

Bime,  temple  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Nagercote. 
Lon.  75°  42'  E.  Lat.  32°  20'  N. 

Bimini,  one  of  the  Bahama  Isles.  Lon.  79°  30' 
W.  Lat.  250  jj. 

Bimlipatam,  s-p.  Hind,  in  the  Northern  Circars, 

12  or  15  m.  from  Vizagapatam. 

Bina,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Ogiio,  10  m.  N.  E.  Cre- 
mona. 

Binaros,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Valencia^  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 30  m.  S.  E.  Tortosa. 

Binasco,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  S.  E.  Milan. 

Binbrook,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Binche,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the 
Haye.     Pop.  3,800.     12m.  S.  E.  Mons. 

Bingazi,  s-p.  Barca,  in  Africa,  formerly  a  large 
and  beautiful  city,  but  now  much  reduced.  It 
has  a  harbour  for  ships  of  200  tons  burden,  and  is 
defended  by  a  wall  and  castle.  Lon.  20°  E.  Lat. 
32°  20'  N.  Pop.  5,000. 

Bingen,  t.  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  on  the 
Pihine,  near  the  influx  of  the  Nahe,  19  m.  W. 
JVIentz,  30  S.  Coblentz,  54  E.  Treves.  Lon.  7° 
48'  E.  Lat.  49°  55'  N. 

Bingenheim,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  12 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Giessen,  16  N.  N.  E.  Frankfort  on  Uie 
Maine. 

Bingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottingham  co.  9  m.  E. 
Nottingham.     Pop.  1,326. 

Bingham,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  Ken- 
nebec, 26  m.  N.  Norridgewock. 

Bingham  Point,  the  N.  W.  point  of  King 
George  I  lid's,  archipelago.  Lon.  223°  44'  E.  Lat. 
58°  4'  N. 

Binghamfon,  p-v.  and  cap.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  at 
4he  junction  of  tlie  Chenango  and  Unadilla  rivers ; 
40  ra.  S.  W.  Norwich,  148  S.  W.  Albany. 

Bingley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  16  m.  N.  Leeds. 
Pop.  4,782 

Bintang,  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of  Malacca,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  straits  of  Sincapore.  Lon.  104° 
30'  E.  Lat.  1°  2'  N. 

Biobio,  r.  Chili,  rises  in  the  Andes,  and  enters 
the  South  sea,  2  leagues  fr.  tlie  bay  of  Conception. 

Biograd,  decayed  place  in  Dalmatia.  Its  har- 
bor is  capacious  and  secure,  18  m.  S.  E.  Zara. 

Biollc,  t.  Savoy,  12  m.  N.  Chamberry. 

Biollio,  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  E.  Biella. 

Bionuborg,  s-p.  Russian  Finland,  on  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia,  65  m.  N.  of  Abo.  Lon.  2°  43'  E.  Lat. 
610  30'N. 

Bir.     See  Beer. 

Birbhoom,  district,  Bengal,  85  miles  long,  by  30 
broad.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Monghir  and  Piaje- 
mahl,  S.  by  Burdwan  and  Pachete,  E.  by  Rajishy, 
and  W.  by  Pachete.  Nagore  was  formerly  tlie 
capital,  but  the  civil  authorities  now  reside  at 
Surool. 

Birch  Bay^  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  in 
the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  33'  E.  lat.  48°  53' 
N. 

Birchin^ion,  s-p.  Eng.  in  isle  of  Thanet,  coun- 


ty of  Kent,  a  member  of  the  port  of  Dora',  4  m;^ 
W.  Margate. 

Bird,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

Bird,  island,  in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean,  lon.  19&^ 
8'  E.  lat.  23°  6'  N.  another  in  the  S.  Pacific,  lon. 
216°  24'  E.  lat.  17°  48'  S.  another  on  the  coast  of 
Ireland,  lon.  5"  28'  W.  lat.  54°  28'  N.  another  on 
the  same  coast,  lon.  9°40'  W.  lat.  51°  28' N.  another 
near  the  coast  of  Sumatra,  lon.  97°  25'  E.  lat.  1" 
39'  N.  another  in  the  S.  Pacific,  lon.  38°  22'  W. 
lat.  54°  S.  another  in  the  Indian  sea,  lon.  54°  40' 
E.  lat.  3°  40'  S.  another  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  lat. 
24°  20'  S.  another  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawi'ence,  lon. 
60°  45'  W.  lat.  47°  55'  N.  another  in  tlie  Caribbe- 
an sea,  lon.  64°  W.  lat.  15°  40'  N. 

Bird  islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  tlie  Carib- 
bean sea,  lon.  66°  50'  W.  lat.  12°  N.  another,  lon. 
67°  46' W.  lat.  11°50'N. 

Birdsborough,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Schuylkill,  8  m.  below  Reading. 

Birdsville,  p-v.  Burke  co.  Geo. 

Biredgick.     See  Beer. 

Birkenfeld,  v.  of  the  Prussian  states,'  in  Vne 
grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  25  m.  E.  S.  E, 
Treves,  30  N.  N.  W.  Deux-Ponts.  Lon.  6°  59'  E. 
Lat.  49°  35'  N.     Pop.  1,060. 

Birket-el-Cairun.     See  Caroon. 

Birket-el-Marioub.     See  Marcotis. 

Birkin  Islands,  in  the  North  sea,  E.  of  Lewis. 
Lon.  6°  20'  W.  lat.  58°  6'  N. 

Birmah,  Burmah,  or  Binnan  empire,  a  power- 
ful empire  of  Asia,  the  limits  of  which  are  not  ac- 
curately known,  but  it  is  supposed  to  extend  from 
lon.  92°  to  102°  E.  and  from  lat.  9°  to  26°  N.  It 
is  bounded  N.  by  Assam  and  Thibet ;  E.  by  Laos 
and  Siam ;  S.  by  Malaya ;  W.  by  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal, and  a  range  of  mountains,  which  separates  it 
from  British  India.  It  is  about  1,200  mdes  long 
from  N.  to  S.  but  varies  much  in  breadth.  This 
empire  is  of  modern  origin,  and  includes  the  an- 
cient kingdoms  of  Ava,  Pegu,  and  Arracan.  It  is 
situated  niostly  between  the  tropics,  but  being  a 
hilly  country  does  not  suffer  from  heat  or  from  in- 
undations like  Hindoostan,  and  is  therefore  more 
favorable  to  European  constitutions.  The  soil 
produces  all  kinds  of  grain  and  vegetables,  and  all 
the  tropical  fruits  ;  but  its  principal  production  is 
the  celebrated  teak  timber,  or  Indian  oak,  which 
is  said  to  be  more  durable,  and  to  resist  the  worms 
better,  than  any  wood  that  is  known.  The  manu- 
factures consist  chiefly  of  cotton  and  silk  goods, 
saltpetre,  gunpowder,  and  various  kinds  of  pottery. 

The  principal  river  is  the  Irawaddy.  The 
principal  ports  are  Arracan,  Negrais,  Rangoon, 
Sjrriam,  Tavoy  and  Merguis  ;  but  tlie  government 
is  so  jealous  of  foreigners,  that  all  commerce  with 
Europeans  is  confined  to  Rangoon.  The  ancient 
capital  was  Ava.  The  present  capital  is  Umra- 
poora,  on  the  Irawaddy,  400  miles  from  its  mouth. 

The  population  of  Birmali  is  uncertain,  but  ha"? 
been  estimated  at  17,000,000.  The  army  in 
peace  consists  of  only  a  few  thousand  cavalry,  but 
on  any  emergency,  every  village  is  obliged  to  fur- 
nish soldiers  according  to  its  population.  The 
principal  strength  of  the  Birmans  consists  of  war 
boats,  built  very  long  and  naiTow,  carrying  from 
30  to  60  armed  men,  and  having  a  piece  of  canno» 
on  their  prow. 

The  government  is  despotic.  In  religion,  thje 
Birmans  are  followers  of  Boodh,  and  have  numer- 
ous temples  and  idols.  The  character  of  the  Bir- 
mans is  very  different  from  that  of  their  neighbors, 
the  Hindoos.   They  are  a  lively,  passionate  and  in- 


B  I  R 

telligent  race  of  men.  Their  mode  of  punishin* 
crimes  is  of  the  most  horrid  kind.  Among  the 
modes  of  inflicting  capital  punishment  are,  be- 
heading, crucifying,  starving  to  death,  ripping 
open  the  body,  sawing  it  in  two,  pouring  red  hot 
lead  down  tlie  throat,  plunging  into  hot  oil,  and 
roasting  to  death  by  a  slow  fire.  The  milder  pun- 
ishments are  putting  out  the  eyes,  cutting  off  the 
tongue,  the  hands,  feet,  ears,  nose,  &c.  The 
lives  and  property  of  travellers  are  very  insecure 
in  this  country,  the  principal  roads  and  rivers  be- 
ing infested  with  robbers  and  murderers. 

The  American  Baptists  have  supported  a  mis- 
sion at  Rangoon  in  this  country  since  1814,  but  its 
continuance  is  very  uncertain.  Obstacles  have 
been  thrown  in  the  way  of  the  missionaries  by  the 
government,  and  an  application  which  they  made 
to  the  emperor, in  1820,  for  permission  to  preach 
the  Gospel,  was  rejected. 

Birmingham.,  a  market  t.  England,  in  War- 
wiclishire,  62  m.  N.  W.  Oxford,  87  N.  Bristol,  and 
109  N.  N.  W.  London.  It  is  one  of  the  first  manu- 
facturing towns  in  Europe,  and  is  particularly 
celebrated  for  articles  of  hardware.  It  is  hard- 
ly possible  to  describe  the  various  processes  adopt- 
ed in  this  wealthy  and  populous  place,  for  abridg- 
ing labour.  They  comprehend  every  complica- 
ted and  ingenious  contrivance,  from  the  most 
ponderous  machines,  such  as  steam  engines,  down 
to  those  which  are  framed  for  operations  of  the 
most  nice  and  minute  accuracy.  Under  the  in- 
fluence of  this  powerful  machinery,  the  rude  ma- 
terial of  iron  is  manufactured  into  all  sorts  of  use- 
ful implements.  A  coining  mill  was  erected  here 
in  1788,  which  has  since  been  improved  so  as  to 
work  eight  machines,  and  is  now  capable  of  strik- 
ing between  30,000  and  40,000  pieces  of  money  in 
the  space  of  an  hour.  Muskets  occupy  a  consid- 
erable number  of  workmen,  and  no  less  than 
14,500  have  been  delivered  per  week  into  the 
ordnance  office  for  the  use  of  government. 
Buttons  of  all  descriptions  are  manufactured  ; 
and  it  is  said,  that  at  the  pin- works  12,000  pins 
can  be  cut  and  pointed  in  an  hour.  Steel  screws, 
watch  chains,  and  vast  quantities  of  toys  are  like- 
wise manufactured ;  and  human  industry  is  turn- 
ed to  such  account,  that  not  only  great  numbers 
of  women  find  employment,  but  children  only  a 
few  years  old,  can  assist  in  some  of  the  operations. 
There  are  very  extensive  brass  founderies,  manu- 
factories for  whips,  and  many  others  too  numerous 
to  be  mentioned.  Commerce  is  much  assisted  by 
several  canals,  which  are  of  the  most  essential  ser- 
service,  by  enabling  the  town  to  carry  on  a  direct 
intercourse  with  distant  countries,  instead  of  tra- 
ding with  them  through  the  medium  of  the  me- 
tropolis. 

Birmingham  is  not  an  incorporated  town,  and, 
notwithstanding  its  size  and  importance,  has  no 
representation  in  parliament.  Population  85,753. 
The  average  of  intennents  for  six  years,  ending 
1801,  was  found  to  be  as  1  to  59,  whereas  in  Lon- 
don it  was  as  1  to  31,  and  in  Manchester  as  1  to  37. 
Dr.  Price  considered  Birmingham  one  of  the 
healthiest  towns  in  England.  Birmingham  has  3 
churches  and  5  chapels  connected  with  the  estab- 
lishment, and  2  places  of  worship  for  Unitarians,  3 
for  Independents,  4  for  Baptists,  3  for  Methodists, 
2  for  Roman  Catholics  and  2  for  Jews.  Among 
the  public  institutions  are  several  flourishing 
schools,  a  work  house  on  a  large  scale,  a  general 
hospital, »  dispeunary  for  the  relief  of  indigent  sick 


B  I  S 


100 


persons,  a  society  for  the  relief  of  deaf  and  dumb 
children,  an  institution  for  the  relief  of  persons  la- 
boring under  bodily  deformities,  and  a  handsome 
theatre. 

Birmingham,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  Brandy- 
wine  creek ;  Pop.  586. 

Birmingham^  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

Birmingham,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop.  290. 

Birmingham,  p-t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  18  m.  N. 
AV.  Huntingdon. 

Birna,  r.  Asia,  forms  the  southern  boundary  of 
Pera,  and  flows  into  the  straits  of  Malacca. 

Bimam,  hill,  Scotland,  in  Perthshire. 

Biron,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  73  m.  E.  Bour- 
deaux. 

Birr,  formerly  called  Parsons'  Town,  Ireland, 
King's  CO.  34  m.  N.  E.  Limerick. 

Birs,  r.  Switzerland,  falls  into  the  Rhine  near 
Basle. 

Birsen^  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  45  m.  S.  E.  Mittau. 

Birstein,  t.  Austrian  dominions,  27  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Frankfort  on  the  Maine. 

Birt,  or  Biridgek,  t.  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates. 
Pop.  3  or  4,000.     60  m.  fr.  Orfa 

Birt.     See  Brit. 

Birlhin,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Usk,  in  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

B'irtley,  t.  Eng.  9  m.  fr.  Durham. 

Bisaccia,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Ultra,  40  m. 
E  Benevento. 

Biscara,  t.  Algiers,  150  m.  S.  S.  E.  Algiers. 

Biscay,  a  province  of  Spain ;  in  the  most  ex- 
tended sense,  it  comprises  the  3  provinces  of  Alava, 
Guipuscoa,  and  Biscay  proper,  and  is  bounded  E. 
by  France,  N.  by  the  bay  of  Biscay,  W.  by  Las 
Montanas  de  Santander,  and  S.  by  Burgos.  Bis- 
cay preserves  a  marked  distinction  from  the  rest 
of  Spain,  and  though  each  of  its  component  parts 
has  its  own  constitution,  the  whole  forms  a  kind  of 
separate  state,  governed  by  a  provincial  assembly, 
according  to  ancient  laws  and  usages.  The  king 
of  Spain,  who  is  simply  styled  lord  of  Biscay,  haa 
no  right  to  impose  taxes,  but  a  demand  is  made  in 
his  name,  and  the  supply  is  granted  in  the  shape  of 
adonative,  or  free  gift;  the  manner  of  raising  it  re- 
maining with  the  provincial  states.  So  jealous 
are  the  Biscayans  of  their  liberties,  that  no  cus- 
tom-house was  allowed  till  lately  within  the  prov- 
ince. Population,  310,758  Chief  places,  Bil- 
boa,  in  Biscay  proper ;  Vittoria,  in  Alava ;  and 
St.  Sebastian,  in  Guipuscoa. 

Biscay  Proper,  a  district  of  the  foregoing  prov- 
ince, is  inclosed  by  the  bay  of  Biscay,  Old  Castile, 
Alava,  and  Guipuscoa.  Pop.  120,000.  The 
coast  is  inhabited  by  seafaring  people  and  fish- 
ermen ;  and  in  the  interior,  immense  quanti- 
ties of  iron  are  extracted  from  the  ore,  and 
wrought  into  different  articles.  The  foreign  trade 
of  the  province  is  carried  on  at  Bilboa. 

Biscay,  Bay  of,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  ocean 
which  lies  between  the  island  of  Ushant  in 
France,  and  Cape  Ortegal  in  Spain.  It  washes 
the  west  coast  of  France,  and  the  north  coast  of 
Spain. 

Biscay,  Bay  of,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
between  Cape  Race  and  Cape  Pine.  Lon.  53°  6' 
W.lat.  46O50'N. 

Biscay,  JVew,  formerly  a  province  of  New 
Spain,  and  now  forming  part  of  the  intendancy  of 
Durango. 

Biscayno,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Florida.  Lon.  80'^ 
23'  W.  lat.  25°  55'  N. 


110 


B  I  S 


B  L  A 


Bischofsheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the 
Tauber,  32  m.  E.  Heidelberg,  64  S.  E.  Mentz. 
Lon.  9°  40.  E.  lat.  49°  34'  N. 

Bischofsheim,  v.  Germany,  in  the  territory  of 
Frankfort  on  the  Maine,  6  m.  E.  N.  E.  Franldbrt. 

Bischofsheim-am-Hamn,  v.  France,  in  Lower 
Rhine,  2  m.  N.  Strasburg. 

Bischofstein,  t.  E.  Prussia,  42  m.  S.  Konigsberg. 

Bischofswerda,  t.  Saxony,  on  an  island  in  the 
river  Wesenitz,  20  m.  E.  Dresden. 

Bischofswerder,  t.  Prussia,  63  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dant- 
zic. 

Bischofs-Zell,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Thurgau,  12  m. 
S.  Constance. 

Bischweiler,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  10  m. 
N.  Strasburg.     Pop.  3^400. 

Biseglia,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Bari,  near  the 
Adriatic.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Pop.  10,600. 
6  m.  E.  of  Trani. 

Bisentina,  isl.  Italy,  in  the  lake  of  Bolsena. 

Biseniz,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  S.  W.  Hradisch. 
Pop.  2,350. 

Biser,  r.  Russia,  in  Perm. 

Bisert,  t.  Russia,  80  m.  S.  S.  E.  Perm. 

Bishbesh,  t.  Egypt,  40  m.  N.  E.  Cairo.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  the  ancient  Bubaste,  celebrated  for  its 
religious  rites  and  Bacchanalian  orgies.  The  re- 
mains are  still  stupendous. 

Bishop  and  his  Clerks,  rocks  off  the  coast  of 
Wales,  at  the  entrance  of  St.  George's  channel. 
Lon.  5°  20'  W,  lat.  51°  54'  N. 

Bishop's  Castle,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  16  ra.  S.  S.  W. 
Shrewsbury.     Pop.  1,367. 

Bishop'' s  Island,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon. 
9°  35'  VV.  lat.  52°  38'  N. 

Bishop'' s  Islands,  among  the  Hebi'ides.  Lon.  7° 
35'  W.  lat.  56°  48'  N. 

Bishopside,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3m.  fi*.  Rippon. 

Bishop  Stortford,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  on  a 
canal,  which  communicates  with  the  Lea,  30  m. 
N.  London.     Pop.  2,680. 

Bishop'' s  Waltham,  t.  Eng.  in  Southampton,  10 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Winchester.     Pop.  1,530. 

Bishop  Wearmouth,  parish,  Eng.  in  Durham. 
Pop.  7,000.     1 2i  m.  fr.  Durham. 

Bisignano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  14  m. 
N.  Coscnza.     Lon.  16°  33'  E.  lat.  39°  32'  N. 

Bislcy,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire.  Pop.  4,757. 
10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Gloucester. 

Bisnagar,  or  Annagoondy,  city,  Hind,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  river  Toombudra  ;  formerly  populous, 
but  now  in  ruins.  260  m.  fr.  Seringapatam,  386 
fr.  Madras.     Lon,  76°  34'  E.  Lat.  15°  14' N. 

Bisnee,  district.  Hind,  lying  between  Bengal 
and  Assam,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Brahmapootra 
river,  between  26°  and  27°  N.  lat. 

Bisnee,  t.  Boo  tan,  near  the  borders  of  Bengal, 
186  m.  N.  E.  Moorshedabad.  Lon.  90°  46'  E.  Lat. 
26°  28'  N. 

Bissagos,  a  group  of  small  islands,  which  lie  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  Grande.     See  Bvlama. 

Bissao,  one  of  the  Bissagos  islands,  40  miles 
long  by  30  wide.  Lon.  14°  10'  W.  Lat.  11° 
24'  N. 

Bissolee,  t.  Hind,  capital  of  a  district,  in  the 
province  of  Lahore,  on  the  Ravy.  It  is  fortified, 
and  commands  the  road,  to  the  Northern  moun- 
tains.    Lon.  74°  42' E.  Lat.  32°  22'  N. 

Bissuntpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Dewah  and  Ganges.  Lon.  84°  40'  E. 
Lat.  23°  40'  N. 


Bissunlpore  Golahy  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Gaiigen 
Lon.  87°  52'  E.  Lat.  25°  20'  N. 

Bisiineau,  lake,  Louisiana,  communicates  ou 
the  South  with  Red  river,  and  receives  Dacheet 
river  on  the  North. 

Bislrianka,  t.  Russian  Tartary,  on  the  Don,  100 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Azoph. 

Bistritz,  r.  runs  between  Transylvania,  Buko- 
wine,  and  Moldavia,  and  falls  into  the  Sereth. 

Bistritz,  roval  free  town  in  I'ransylvania,  42  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Clausenburg,  236  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  23° 
54'  E.  Lat.  47°  14'  N,     Pop.  4,000. 

Bistritza,  r.  Austrian  Gaiicia,  falls  into  the 
Dniester  at  Mariempol. 

Bisuga,  r.  Russian  Tartary,  runs  into  the  sea  of 
Azoph,  48  m.  S.  W.  Eiskoi. 

Bifello,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Bari,  10  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Bari.     Lon.  16°  46'  E.  Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

Bitford,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire,  on  the  Avon, 
7  m.  W.  S.  W.  Stratford. 

Bithynia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  province  of  Lesser 
Asia,  bordering  on  Phrygia  and  the  Euxine  sea. 
Its  principal  cities  are  Prusa,  Nice,  and  Nico- 
media. 

Bilonto,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Bari,  8  m.  S. 
Bari.  Lon.  16°  40'  E.  Lat.  41°  12'  N.  Pop. 
13,700. 

Bitsch,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges  mountains.  It  was  fortified  by  Vauban, 
and  was  one  of  the  barrier  fortresses  delivered 
over  for  a  limited  time  to  the  Allies,  by  the  con- 
vention of  Paris  in  1815.  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Sai-gue- 
mines,  18  E.  Weissembourg.  Lon.  7°  30'  E.  Lat. 
49°  4'  N. 

Bittburg,  {Beda,')  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
the  Lower  Rhine,  30  m.  N.  E.  Luxemburg. 

Biiterfeld,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  Mul- 
da,  16  m.  S.  Dessau.  Lon.  12°  23'  E.  Lat.  51° 
39'  N. 

Bivoras,  or  Pedro  Shoals,  on  the  Spanish  main, 
30  m.  S.  Jamaica.  Lon.  77°  to  78°  20'  W.  Lat. 
17°  18'  N. 

Bizarre  Isle,  at  the  entrance  of  Ottawa  river 
into  the  St.  Lawrence,  N.  of  Montreal. 

Bizerta,  t.  Tunis,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Hippo,  30  m.  N.  Tunis.  Lon.  9°  48'  E.  Lat.  37° 
10'  N. 

Blackburn,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  on  the  Der- 
went.  The  manufactory  of  cotton  goods  is  very 
extensive ;  about  25,000  pieces  are  made  weekly, 
which  gives  employment  to  13,000  persons.  The 
Leeds  and  Liverpool  canal  passes  by  this  town, 
and  is  of  essential  service  to  its  trade.  Pop.  in 
181 1,  15,083.     42  m.  N.  E.  Liverpool. 

Blackburn-Springs,  p-v.  Jackson  co.  Ten. 

Black  creek,  S.  C.  runs  into  the  Pedee  in  Libcir- 
ty  county. 

Blackfoot  Indians,  about  5,500  in  number,  near 
the  source  of  the  Missouri,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains ;  and  wandering  over  them  to  the 
West. 

Blackford,  t.  Posey  co.  Indiana. 

Blackliall  Head,  the  N.  cape,  at  the  entrance  of 
Banlry  bay.     Lon.  9°  55'  W.  Lat.  51°  32'  N. 

Blackhead,  the  S.  cape  of  Galway  bay.  Lon.  9° 
11'  W.  Lat.  53°  7'  N. 

Blackhedth,  hamlet,  Eng.  on  an  open  and  ele- 
vated situation,  at  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  the 
county  of  Kent. 

Blackhealh,  p-t.  Randolph  co.  Illinois. 

Blackhorse,  p-v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  12  m.  fr. 
Trenton. 


B  L  A 


B  L  A 


111 


—   Black-horse-tavern,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Black  Lake,  or  Oswegatchie,  N.  Y.  iu  St.  Law- 
rence CO.  It  IS  about  20  miles  long,  and  1  or  2 
wide.  It  is  the  expansion  of  Indian  river,  and 
eoniinnnicates  by  an  outlet  3  miles  long,  with  Os- 
wegatchie river,  7  miles  above  its  enti-aoce  into 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Black  Lake,  r.  Louisiana,  rises  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  state,  passes  through  Black  Lake, 
which  is  15  or  20  miles  long,  and  joins  the  Saline, 
8  m.  i\.E.  Natchitoches,  to  form  the  Rigolet  de 
bon  Dieu. 

Blackley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  N.  E. 
Manchester.     Pop.  2,389. 

Black  Lick,  p-t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  965. 

Black  Lick,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Big  Walnut  9  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Scioto,  and  10  S.  E. 
Columbus. 

Blackness,  v.  Scotland,  in  Linlithgow,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  t!ie  Forth,  15  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Block  Kib,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  5°  24'  W.  Lat.  54°  21'  N. 

Black  River,  Vt.  runs  into  Lake  Memphrama- 
gog;  another,  runs  into  the  Connecticut  at  Spring- 
field. 

Black  river,  N.  Y.  runs  into  Lake  Ontario 
above  Sacketts-harbor,  in  Hungry-bay,  after  a 
northerly  course  of  120  miles.  At  the  junction 
of  Moose  river,  it  falls  over  a  precipice  63  feet 
high.  Long  Falls  is  45  miles  below,  and  is  the 
descent  of  the  river  by  successive  pitches  of  14, 
12,  and  24  feet,  in  a  course  of  14  miles.  Over  the 
last  descent,  at  Brownville,  mills  are  erected. 
The  Black  river  country  is  fertile,  and  rapidly 
settling. 

Black  river,  N".  C.  joins  Cape  Fear  river,  on  the 
E.  23  m.  above  Wilmington. 

Black  river,  Ohio,  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  30  m.  E. 
Saudusky-bay. 

Black  river,  Michigan  territory,  runs  into  Lake 
Michigan,  north  of  the  river  St.  Joseph's 

Black  river.  Big,  rises  in  the  heights  near  the 
sources  of  the  Gasconade,  and  falls  into  White 
river,  50  miles  below  the  town  of  Lawrence,  in 
about  W.  lon.  92°,  N.  lat.  36°.  It  is  navigable 
500  miles,  and  in  its  course  receives  several  large 
streams  from  the  West.  The  country  on  this  riv- 
er is  said  to  be  very  fertile,  producing  wheat, 
corn,  rye,  oats,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  Iron  ore, 
lead,  and  salt,  are  every  where  abundant. 

Black  river,  t.  Wayne  co.  Missouri. 

Black  River.     See  Wachita. 

Black  Rock,  isl.  in  St.  George's  channel.  Lon. 
6°  27  W.  Lat.  52°  10'  N. 

Black  Rock,  harbor,  in  Fairfield,  Ct. 

Blackrock,  p-v.  IN  iagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Niag- 
ara, 2  m.  below  Buffalo.  It  is  the  station  for  the 
steam  boats  and  other  vessels  employed  in  the 
navigation  of  Lake  Erie  and  the  Lakes  above. 
Buffalo  has  no  harbor;  but  the  enterprizinginhabi- 
tants  are  engaged  in  forming  one  by  projecting  a 
pier  into  the  Lake. 

Blackrode,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire,  5  m.  S.  Chorley. 
Pop.  2,111. 

Blacksod  Point,  Ireland,  the  S.  cape  of  the  Mul- 
let.    Lon.  9°  52'  W.  Lat.  54°  61'  N. 

Blackstone  river.     See  Patucket. 

Black  Slocks,  p-v.  Clicster  district,  S.  C. 

Black  Swamp,  p-v.  St.  Peter's  parish,  S.  C. 

Blackwall,  hamlet,  Eng.  adjoining  London,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Thames.  Here  are  very  ex- 
tensive dock?  and  yards  for  shipping.     The  wet 


docks  are  the  most  spacious  and  the  best  con- 
structed of  any  in  Great  Britain. 
Black  Walnut,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 
Black  Warrior,  or  Cabo,  r.  Alabama,  enters  the 
Tombigbee  from  the  E.  80  miles  above  St.  Ste- 
phens, It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  the  falls  neai- 
iLs  source :  500  miles  by  water  from  Mobile  ; 
thence  to  Huntsville  is  120  miles,  over  a  good 
road.  Goods  have  been  brought  from  Mobile  to 
Huntsiille  in  30  days. 

Blackwatcr,  r.  Eng.  joins  the  Chelmer  at  Mai- 
den, and  flows  into  Blackwuter  bay. 

Blackwatcr,  r.  Ireland,  falls  into  the  sea  at 
Youghall  bay. 

Blackwatcr,  t.  Ireland,  5  m.  N.  N.  W.  Armagh. 
Blackwatcr,  r.  N.  H.  (lows  into  the  Contacook, 
in  Hopkinton. 

Blackwatcr,  r.  Va.  joins  Nottaway  river,  5  m. 
above  the  boundary  of  N.  Carolina. 

Bladen,  co.  N.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  Cape  Fear 
river.  Pop.  5,671,  Slaves,  1,985.  Chief  tEliz- 
abethtown. 

Bladensburg,  p-t.  Prince  George's  co.  Md.  on 
the  E.  branch  of  the  Potomac  at  the  forks,  6  m. 
above  Washington  city. 

Blainville,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  5  m.  W. 
Coutances. 

Blainville  sur  VEau,  t.  France,  on  the  Meurthe, 
12  m.  S.  E.  Nancy. 

Blair  Athol,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  28  m. 
fr.  Perth. 

Blair  Gowrie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  17  m, 
fr.  Perth. 

Blairsville,  p-v.  York  district,  S.  C. 
Blaisois,  district,  of  Old  France,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Loire.     Blois  was  the  capital. 

Blaison,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  9  m.  S.  E.  Angers.  ' 

Blaize,  Cape,  W.  Florida,  between  the  bays  of 
Apalache  and  St.  Joseph. 

Blakely,  p-t.  Mobile  co.  Alabama,  on  the  Ten- 
saw  or  eastern  outlet  of  Mobile  river,  6  m.  from 
Mobile  bay,  10  E.  N.  E.  Mobile.  Lat.  30°  43'  N. 
It  is  a  new  town,  laid  out  in  1813,  and  will  proba- 
bly become  the  emporium  for  the  commerce  of 
Alabama,  and  some  portions  of  the  adjoining 
states.  At  present,  there  is  a  vigorous  rivalry 
between  this  town  and  Mobile,  but  Blakely  has 
some  decided  advantages.  The  same  wind  that 
enables  a  vessel  to  enter  Mobile  Bay,  will  carry 
her  to  the  wharves  of  Blakely,  which  is  not  the 
case  with  Mobile.  Another  advantage  is  an  open 
road  to  the  rapidly  improving  country  on  Alabama 
river.  Vessels  drawing  12  feet  of  water  can  en- 
ter the  port  at  full  tide.  The  town  is  abundantly 
supplied  with  excellent  water. 

Blakesburg,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N. 
Bangor. 

Blamont,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  16  m.E.  Lune- 
ville.     Pop.  1,860. 

Blamont,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  35  m.  E.  Besan- 
con. 

Blanc,  Mont.     See  Mont  Blanc. 
Blanc-en-Berry,  Le,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  on  the 
Creuse,  32  m.  W.  S.  W.  Chateauroux.    Lon.  V^ 
8'  E.  Lat.  46°  38'  N. 

Blanchardsfork,  r.  Ohio,  the  E.  branch  of  the 
Auglaize. 

Blanckenbergh,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  9 
m.  N.  Bruges. 

Blanco,  Cape,  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
the  Morea.    Lou.  21°  56'  E.  Lat.  36°  44'  N. 


112 


B  L  A 


B  L  O 


Blanco,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon. 
13°  10'  E.  Lat.  35°  28'  N. 

Blanco,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain,  in  As- 
turias.    Lon.  6°  54'  W.  Lat.  43°  35'  N. 

Blanco,  Cape,  Naples,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cala- 
bria.    Lon.  17°  25'  E.  Lat.  38°  59'  N. 

Blanco,  Cape,  W.  Africa.  Lon.  16°  58'  E.  Lat. 
20°  47'  N. 

Blanco,  Cape,  Peru,  tlie  S.  point  of  the  gulf  of 
Tumbez,  or  Guayaquil.  Lon.  81°  6'  W.  Lat.  4° 
18' S. 

Blanco,  Cape,  S.  America,  the  W.  point  of  tlie 
bay  of  Salinas,     Lat.  10°  N. 

Blanco,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New  Al- 
bion.    Lat.  43°  23'  N.     Lon,  235°  50'  W. 

Blandford,  t,  Eng.  in  Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  23 
xn.  W,  Salisbury,  103  W.  London.     Pop.  2,425. 

Blardford,  t.  Oxford  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  the 
Thames. 

Blandford,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  16  m,  W. 
Springfield,     Pop.  1,613, 

Blandford,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Va.  It  is  inclu- 
ded in  the  borough  of  Petersburg,  and  is  on  the 
Appommatox,  below  the  town,  and  separated  from 
it  by  a  small  creek. 

B lanes,  (anciently  Blanda,)  s-p.  Spain,  in  Cat- 
alonia, on  the  Mediterranean,  34  m.  N.  E,  Barce- 
lona.    Lat.  41°  42' N. 

Blangy,  t,  France,  in  Calvados,  28m,  E,  Caen; 
another  in  Lower  Seine,  16  m.  E.  Neufchatel. 

Blankenberg,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the 
duchy  of  Berg,  on  the  Sieg,  12  m.  W,  Bonn,  20  S. 
E.  Cologne. 

Blankenburg,  a  district  of  Germany,  in  Uie 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  containing  143  square  miles 
and  12,000  inhabitants.  The  principal  sources  of 
revenue  are  the  iron  mines,  the  forests,  and  the 
marble  quarries.  Blankenburg,  the  chief  town,  is 
at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  on,  which  stands  a 
castle.  Pop.  2,700.  7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Wernigerode, 
9  S.  Halberstadt,  Lon.  10°  57'  E.  Lat.  51° 
48'  N 

Blankenburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality 
of  Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt,  5  m.  N.  W,  Saalfeld, 
Lon.  11°  21'  E.  Lat.  50°  39'  N, 

Blankenese,  v.  Denmark,  in  the  duchy  of  Hol- 
stein,  on  the  Elbe  ;  9  m,  from  Hamburgh,  Pop. 
2,000. 

Blankenhayn,  t.  Saxony,  Pop.  1840.  9  m.  S. 
W.  Jena,  16  S,  E.  Erfurt.  Lon,  11°  20'  E,  Lat. 
50°  51'  N. 

Blannerhasset'' s  island,  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
island  of  about  300  acres,  in  the  Ohio  river,  oppo- 
site Belpre,  13  m.  below  Marietta. 

Blanquefort,  t.  France,  in  Giroude,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Bourdeaux. 

Blansar,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  12  m,  S.  W. 
Angouleme. 

Blanfi/re,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  2  m.  from 
Hamilton.     Pop.  2,092. 

Blaringhem,  v.  France,  in  North,  33  m,  N.  W. 
Douay, 

Blarney,  v,  Ireland,  Cork  co,  25  m,  W.  Cork. 

Bias,  cape,  S.  America,  on  the  coast  of  Darien, 
18  m.  from  Porlo  Bello,  62  from  Carthagena. 

Blaskets,  or  Ferrlins  Islands,  at  the  entrance  of 
Dingle  bay,  Ireland,  Lon.  10°  22'  W.  Lat.  52° 
5'  N, 

Blatchingworth,  t.  Eng.  adjoining  Huddersfield, 
in  Lancashire.     Pop.  2,480. 

Blatna,  t.  Bohemia,  44  m.  S.  S.  W,  Prague. 

BkLubeuren,  t.  Wirtemberg,  7  m.  W.  V\m.  Lon. 
9°  48'  E,  Lat.  48°  46'  N.     Pop.  1,7  >o. 


Blaye,  t.  France,  on  the  Gironde.  Its  harboui 
is  capacious,  and  much  frequented.  Wine,  bran  - 
dy  and  corn  are  exported  to  a  considerable  amount. 
Pop-  4,700.  21  m.  N.  Bourdeaux.  Lat.  45- 
8'  N. 

Blechingley,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  20  m.  S.  Lon- 
don, 

Blechington,  v.  Eng.-  Oxfordshire,  6  m,  N.  Ox- 
ford. 

Bleckede,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Elbe,  20  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Luneburg. 

Bledsoe,  co,  East-Tennessee,  Pop,  8,839.  Chief 
town,  Pikeville. 

Bleicheroda,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  pi'ovince 
of  Saxony,  9  m.  S.  W.  Noi-dhausen,  20  N.  Muhl- 
hausen.  Lon,  10°  35'  E,  Lat.  51°  26'  N.  Pop. 
1,900. 

Bleistein,  t.  Bavaria,  2?  m.  E.  N,  E,  Amberg, 
Lon,  12°  21'  E,  Lat,  49°  38'  N,     Pop.  2,650. 

Blekingen,  district  of  Sweden.  It  has  Sraaland 
on  the  N,  Schonen  on  the  W,  and  the  Baltic  on 
the  S.  and  E.  Pop,  67,200,  Carlscrona  is  the 
capital. 

Bleneau,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  28  m.  W.  Aux- 
erre, 

Blenheim,  v,  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the  Up- 
per Danube,  It  is  on  the  Danube,  and  will  for 
ever  remain  famous  for  the  great  victory  obtained 
in  its  vicinity,  ou  the  13th  of  August,  1704,  by  the 
Etiglish  and  Imperialists,  under  the  duke  of  Marl- 
borough and  prince  Eugene,  over  the  French  and 
Bavarians,  commanded  by  marshals  Tallard,  Mar- 
sin,  and  the  elector  of  Bavaria.  The  loss  of  the 
French  and  Bavarians  exceeded  30,000  men  ; 
that  of  the  allies  was  12,000.  2  m.  N.  E.  Hoch- 
stadt,  8  S.  W.  Donawert. 

Blenheim,  i.  Oxford  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Blenheim,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  Schoha- 
rie.    Pop.  1,319, 

Blerancourt,  t,  France,  in  Aisne,  10  m,  N.  W. 
Soissons. 

Blcre,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  15  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Tours.     Pop.  2,550. 

Blese,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  39  m.  N,  W. 
Le  Puy. 

Bleurie,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  river  Sorel,  25  m.  S.  E,  Montreal. 

Bliesscaslell,  a  lordship  of  the  Prussiac  states, 
in  the  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  The 
town  of  Bliesscastell  is  on  the  river  Blies,  5  m.  W. 
Deux-Ponts,  10  E.  Sarrebruck. 

Bligh's  Island,  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  213°  43'  E. 
Lat.  60°  52'  N. 

Bligny  sur  Ouches,  t,  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  22 
m.  S.  W.  Dijon. 

Blithe,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Trent,  4  m.  N.  E 
Litchfield. 

Block  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Rhode  Island,  24 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Newport,  21  E.  by  N.  from  Montauk 
point  on  Long-Island.  It  constitutes  the  town  of 
J^ew  Shoreham,  in  Newport  county.  It  is  about  7 
miles  long  and  4  broad.  Pop.  722,  Lon,  71°  30' 
W.  Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

Blockley,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill, 3  m.W.  Philadelpliia.     Pop.  1,618. 

Blocksberg,  or  the  Bracken,  {Mons  Bructerus.) 
the  principal  mountain  of  the  Hartz,  in  the  Prus- 
sian states,  not  far  from  Elbingerode.  Its  height 
is  3,600  feet.  Lon.  10°  36'  35"  E.  Lat.  51°  48' 
29"  N. 

Blockziel,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  28  m,  S,  Leuwarden, 


B  L  U 


BOG 


113 


32  W.  N.  W.  Coevorden.  Lon.  5°  52'  E.  Lat.  52° 
45'  N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Blois,  an  ancientcity  of  France,  capital  of  Loire 
and  Cher,  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Loir?.  The  trade  of  the  town  con- 
sists in  wine,  brandy,  com,  wood,  and  fruit ;  there 
are  manufactures  of  serge,  stamine,  and  other 
cloths,  as  well  as  of  hardware  and  glass.  The 
surrounding  country  is  fertile  and  agreeable  ;  and 
the  prospect  from  the  hill,  on  which  the  town 
stands,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  France.  36 
m.  S.W.Orleans,  36  N.  E.Tours,  109  S.S.  W.Pa- 
ris.    Lon.  1°  20  E.  Lat.  47°  34'  N.      Pop.  14,900. 

Blonilsa,  or  Bloniza,  a  small  river  of  Silesia,  in 
the  principality  of  Oppeln,  which  falls  into  the 
Oder,  about  7  miles  below  the  town  of  Oppeln. 

Blood  Indians,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
BlackfeetjMandan,  and  other  tribes,  N.  of  Missouri 
river,  in  the  extensive  prairie  country,  near  the 
Rocky  mountains. 

Bloody-run,  p-t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

Bloom,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,285. 

Bloom,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  W.  Lan- 
caster; another  in  Scioto  co.  16  m,  E.  Ports- 
mouth. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  7  m.  E.  Nor- 
ridgeM'ock. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  It  is  divided 
into  Eas't  and  West  Bloomfield.  East  B.  is  6,  and 
W.  B.  12  m.  ^\.  Canandaigua.     Pop.  4,425. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  .1.  5  m.  N.  W.  New- 
ark.    In  its  vicinity  are  quarries  of  free  stone. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  114. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Oliio,  15  m.  N. 
Warren  ;  another,  t.  Jefferson  co.  14  m.  W.  Steu- 
benville;  another,  p-t.  Pickaway  co.  8  m.  N.  Cir- 
eleville ;  another,  t.  Jackson  co. ;  another,  t.  Knox 

CO. 

Bloomingburg,  p-v.  in  Mamakating,  Sullivan  co. 

Bloomingdale,  v.  on  the  Hudson,  7  ni.  N.  New- 
York  city. 

Bloominggrove,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  W. 
West-Point.     Pop.  1,759. 

Bloominggrove,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Bloomingsburg,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

Bloomington,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Indiana. 

Bloomingville,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Bloomshurg,  p-v.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Bloonisburg,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

Bloomshurg,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

Blore  Heath,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  famous 
for  the  battle  fought  September  1459,  between  the 
adherents  of  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster. 

Blount,  CO,  Alabama,  on  the  Tuscaloosa  riv- 
er. 

Blount,  CO.  East  Tennessee,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Holston  river.     Pop.  3,259.    Chief  t.  Marysville. 

Blountsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co.  E.  Ten- 
nessee, 130  m.  N.  E.  Knoxville. 

Blue  earth,  r.  Louisiana,  runs  into  the  Kansas. 

Bluefield's  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  78°  W.Lat.  18°  10'  N. 

Bluehill,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Castine.  It  is  at  the  head  of  Bluehill  bay.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

Blue  Lick,  Upper,  p-v.  Fleming  co.  Ken.  on 
Licking  river. 

Blue  Lick,  Lower.     See  Ellisville. 

Blue  Mud,  and  Long  Hailed  Indians,  on  the 
head  waters  of  Columbia  ri vr  r , 

15 


Blue  Ridge,  the  eastern  range  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains.  It  extends  from  the  higlilands  on  the 
Hudson  at  West-Point,  S.  W.  to.  N.  Carolina, 
where  it  joins  the  main  range.  Among  its  sum- 
mits are  the  Peaks  of  Otter,  which  see.  The 
Limestone  valley  is  the  valley  between  these  ran-* 
ges,  and  is  from  50  to  100  miles  wide. 

Blucrock,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  Musking- 
um river,  8  m.  below  Zanesville. 

Blue  stone,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Kanhawa,  in 
Giles  county. 

Bluewater,  r.  Missouri,  runs  N.  into  the  Missou- 
ri, 9  m.  below  Kansas  river. 

Bluff  springs,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Missisippi. 

Blvflon,  t.  Howard  eo.  Missouri. 

Blumberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Lippe-Detmold,  22 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Paderborn. 

Blumberg,  t.  in  Baden,  10  m.  N.  Schaffhausen. 

Blumetiau,  t.  Moravia,  in  Olmutz,  4  m.  W. 
Prosnitz. 

Blumensiein,  v.  Switzerland,  1 1  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bern. 

Blumenlhal,  v.  Hanover,  12  m.  N.  W,  Bremen. 

Blythborough,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  4i  m.  from 
Southold. 

Bl^tlie,  t.  Eng.  3  m.  N.  Nottingham. 

Blythe,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Blythe,  12  m.  fr.  North-Shields,  14 
fr.  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Bo  islands,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  E.  S.  E.  Gilolo, 
Lon.  1269  25' E.  Lat.  1°  17' S.      . 

Boad,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  on  the  Mahanuddy. 
Lon.  84'^  18' E.  Lat.  20"  50'  N. 

Boardman,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Warren. 

Boatrun,  p-v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Boat-yard,  p-v.  Sullivan  co.  Tennessee. 

Bohbio,  t.  Upper  Italy,  in  Sardinia,  in  the  liol- 
low  of  the  Appennines,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Treb- 
bia,  24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pavia,  30  N.  E.  Genoa.  Lon. 
9*  12'  E.  Lat.  44°  45'  N.     Pop.  3,0tl0. 

Bobbio,  V.  Piedmont,  nearLucerna. 

Bobenhausen,  t.  in  Hesse,  13  m.  N.  E.  Darm- 
stadt. 

Bober,  v.  Silesia,  rises  on  the  Bohemian  fron- 
tier, and  falls  into  the  Oder,  near  Crossen. 

Bobersherg,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  New  Mark  of 
Brandenburg,  on  the  Bober,  6  m.  S.  Crossen,  70 
E.  S.  E.  Berlin. 

Bobilee,  t.  and  fortress  of  Hindostan,  32  m.  W. 
Cicacole,     Lon.  83°  28'  E.  Lat.  18°  27'  N. 

Bobingen,  t.  Bavaria,  9  m.  S.  Augsburg. 

Bobrownicki,  t.  Poland,  24  m.  W.  N.  W.  Lub- 
lin. 

Bobrysk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Berezina,  in  Minsk, 
32  m.  W.  Rogutchev. 

Boca  del  Drago,  the  W.  entrance  into  Almirante 
bay.     Lon.  82°  20'  W.  Lat.  9°  8'  N. 

Boca  Escondida,  bay,  in  the  bay  of  Campeachy, 
on  the  coast  of  Yucatan.     Lat.  1 8°  50'  N. 

Bora  de  Pan,  r.  Peru,  runs  into  the  bay  of  Tum- 
bez. 

Boca  del  Toro,  the  entrance  into  Almirante  bav, 
E.  of  the  island  of  Bocaloro.  Lon.  82°  8'  W.  La'f . 
90  6'  N. 

Bocalieu,  island  near  the  east  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  52®  26'  W.  Lat.  48°  1.5'  N. 

Bocaloro,  isl.  at  the  entrance  into  Almirante 
bay.     Lon.  82°  16'  W.  Lat.  9°  12'  N. 

BocauWs  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Lon. 
71°  6'  W. 

Bceca,  t.  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom,  5  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Sabionetta. 

Bocca  Tigris,  the  mouth  of  the  river  Pe-kiang 


114 


BOG 


B  O  II 


of  China,  through  which  vessels  pass  to  Canton. 
It  is  about  a  musket  shot  across. 

Boccheta,  La,  pass  of  the  Appennines,  in  the 
ridge  which  divides  Genoa  from  Lombardy. 

Bochnia,  t.  Austrian  Galicia,  20  m.  E.  Cracow. 
It  is  famous  for  its  mines  of  salt,  which  employ 
above  1000  workmen,  and  yield  annually  900,000 
crwt.     Pop.  3,200. 

Bockau,  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
the  Erzgebirge,  20  m.  S.  W.  Chemnitz. 

Bockenem,  t.  Hanover,  14  m.  E.  Hildesheim. 

Bockenheim,  v.  Germany,  2  m.  fr.  Frankfort  on 
the  Maine. 

Bockholt,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  36  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Munster,  24  E.  Cleves.  Lon,  6°  42'  E.  Lat. 
51°  55'  N. 

Backing,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  40  m.  E.  London. 
Pop,  2,544. 

Booklet,  V.  Bavaria,  14  m.  N.  Kissingen. 

Bockum,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  24  m.  N.  E.  Dussel- 
dorf,  35  N.  Cologne. 

Boczki,  t.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  6  m.  S.  W.  Bielsk. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Bodeau,  lake,  Louisiana,  communicates  with 
Red  river,  and  receives  Bodeau  river  at  its  N.  end. 

Bodega,  Port,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  38°  21'  N.  The  Russians  hav6  had  a  settle- 
ment at  this  post,  since  1817, 

Bodenfdde,  t.  Ilanover,  15  m.  N.  W.  Gottingen. 

Bodenhausen,  v.  Germany,  in  Lower  Hesse,  18 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Cassel. 

Bodenliebe.     See  Kissingen. 

Bodenwerder,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  8  m;  N. 
Bevern. 

Bodmann,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  lake  of  Con- 
stance, which  is  called  from  it  the  Bodmersee. 

Bodmin,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  Cornwall  co.  9  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Camelford.     Pop.  2,0'50. 

Bodrog,  r.  Hungary,  falls  into  the  Theyss  at 
Tokay. 

Bodrog,  county,  Hungary,  v/hich  has  been  uni- 
ted since  the  year  1747  with  that  of  Batsch.  It 
lies  at  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  the  kingdom,  be- 
tween  the  Danube  and  the  Theyss. 

Bodrum.     See  Boodroom. 

Bodrun,  s-p.  and  fort,  A.  Turkey,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  Scalanova,  15  m.  S.  Smyrna, 
Lon.  26<=3.5'  E.  Lat.  38^  16'  N. 

BodHngen,  Great,  t.  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Schwarfciburg-Sondershausen,  5  m.  N. 
Blcicheroda, 

Boedgcroens,  islands,  near  the  N,  coast  of  New 
Guinea,     Lon,  135°  33'  E,  Lat.  2°  25'  S. 

Boen,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  35  m.  W.  Lyons. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Boevf,  Le,  lake,  Erie  co.  Pa.  communicates 

with  French  creek,  a  source  of  the  Ohio.  ,  The 

portage  to  Presq'isleon  lake  Erie,  is  14  miles;  2 

m.  E.  lake  Le  Boeuf,is  the  siteof  an  old  French  fort. 

Boeuff,  t.  Franklin  co.  Missouri. 

Bofo.     See  Baffu. 

Bog,  or  Boug,  r.  Russia,  rises  in  Podolia,  and 
joins  the  Dnieper  near  Otchakov.     It  is  not  navi- 
gable on  account  of  its  many  rocks  and  sand  banks. 
Bogarovskoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  136  m.  N.  Tobolsk. 
Bogus,  t.  Lower  Egypt,  at  the  moutli  of  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Nile,  3  m.  S.  Damietta. 

Bogdonoitka,  or  MclUopoUs,  I.  Russia,  in  Tau- 
rida,  inhabited  by  the  sect  called  Ducfioborski,  or 
Melitopolites.    Number  of  males,  1,150. 

Bogdo,  mountain  of  Asia,  in  tlie  Altaian  chain. 
loc,  93°  E.  Lat.  47°  N. 


Bogdoi,  country  of  Tartary,  N.  of  China,  and 
subject  to  the  Chinese. 

Bogensee,  t.  Denmark,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Fu- 
nen,  15  m.  N.  W.  Odensee. 

Boggah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  84°  SC  E-. 
Lat.  27°  10'  N. 

Bogie,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Deveron. 

Bogilcund,  district,  in  Allahabad,  about  24°  N. 
lat. 

Boglion,  t.  of  the  Austrian  empire,  27  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Trieste. 

Boglipore,  district.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  intersected 
by  the  Ganges.  Till  lately  it  was  called  Monghirj 
which  see. 

Bogliporf.,  cap.  of  Boglipore  district.  Lon.  86® 
50'  E.  Lat,  25°  11'  N. 

Bogmutly,  r.  Asia,  runs  into  the  Ganges  near 
Monghir. 

Bognor,  v.  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  Sussex,  6^  m.  Si. 
Chichester. 

Bogoduckoic,  t.  Russia,  84  m.  N.  N.  W.  Char- 
kov.     Pop.  6,800. 

Bogoroditsk,  t.  Russia,  16  m.  E.  Thoula.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Bogorodsk,  t.  Russia,  28  m.  E.  Moscow. 

Bogota,  Rio  de,  r.  New  Granada,  rises  near  the 
city  of  Santa  Fe,  breaks  through  the  mountains 
S.  W.  of  it,  and  joins  the  Magdalena.  It  is  re- 
markable for  its  fall,  called  the  cataract  of  Te- 
quendama.  The  river,  which  above  is  140  feet 
wide,  passes  through  a  crevice  in  the  rocks,  from 
30  to  35  feet  wide,  and  itiAs,  in  two  successive 
pitches,  about  570  feet  The  vapour  rises  like  a 
cloud,  and  is  seen  from  the  walks  around  Santa 
Fe,  at  the  distance  of  15  miles,  reflecting  the 
colours  of  the  rainbow  in  ever  varying  beauty. 

Boguslaw,  t.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  32  m.  S.  E.  Biala- 
cerkiev. 

Bogwangola,  t.  Bengal,  in  Moorshedabad,  on 
the  Ganges.     Lon.  88°  29'  E.  Lat.  24°  21'  N. 

Bohain,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  St. 
Quentin. 

Bohanj,  t.  Hind.  27  m.  E.  Surat 

Bohatteba,  t.  Palestine,  near  Acre. 

Bohemia,  a  kingdom  in  Germany,  forming  part 
of  the  Austrian  dominions.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
the  kingdom  of  Saxony;  E.  by  Silesia  and  Mora- 
via ;  S.  by  Austria  proper ;  and  W.  by  Bavaria. 
It  extends  from  lat.  48°  30'  to  51°  5'  N.  and  from 
lon.  12°  to  16°  50' E.  Its  greatest  length  is  200 
miles,  its  greatest  breadth  180,  and  its  super- 
ficial extent  20,922  square  miles.  It  is  separated 
by  the  river  Moldau  into  two  parts  nearly  equal, 
and,  exclusive  of  the  metropolis,  is  divided  into 
the  16  following  circles;  which  take  their  names 
from  their  chief  towns — Buntzlau,  Konigsgratz, 
Bitschow,  Chrudim,  Czaslau,  Budweis,  Tabor, 
Prachin,  Pilsen,  Klattau,  Saatz,  Elnbogen  (inclu- 
ding the  small  district  of  Egra),  Leutmeritz,  Ra- 
konitz,  Beraun,  and  Kaurzim. 

Bohemia  resembles  a  great  basin,  being  sur- 
rounded on  every  side  by  high  mountains ;  it  has 
the  Sudetian  chain,  and  the  Riesengebirge  on  the 
N.  E. ;  the  mountains  of  Moravia  on  the  S.  E.  and 
S.  ;  the  Bohmerwald  on  the  W. ;  and  the  Erzge- 
birge on  the  N.  The  principal  river  is  the  Elbe, 
which  receives  in  its  course  the  Auxa,  Erlitz, 
Dobrawa,  Iser,  Moldau,  Eger,  and  others.  The 
soil  yields  corn,  pulse,  hops,  flax,  hemp,  fruit,  and 
all  kinds  of  garden  vegetables  in  abundance. 
Few  countries  are  richer  in  mineral  productions 
than  Bohemia.    Here  are  found  rflver,  tin,  iroDj 


B  O  L 


B  O  L 


US 


quicksJlverr,  cobalt,  zinc,  arsenic,  bismuth,  cala- 
mine, antimony,  sulphnr,  saltpetre,  vitriol,'  alum, 
and  pit  coal ;  salt  is  no  where  met  with.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  yarn,  linen,  cambric, 
veils,  thread,  lace,  stockings,  ribbons,  printed 
linen,  wax-cloth,  woollen  stuffs,  and  glass.  The 
principal  imports  are  salt,  wine,  spirituous  li- 
quors, silk,  Spanish  wool,  cotton,  quicksilver,  iron, 
lead,  hardware,  jewels,  trinkets,  and  dye-stuffs. 
Tlie  principal  places  through  which  commerce 
18  carried  on,  are  Vienna,  Trieste,  Leipzig,  and 
Hamburg. 

The  language  is  the  Bohemian,  or  Crecheisch 
dialect  of  the  Sclavonic,  and  is  nearly  allied  to 
£he  Polish,  but  contains  more  words  of  German 
origin.  The  population  is  3,183,364,  of  which 
number  3,092,393  are  Roman  Catholics.  About 
50,000  Jews,  and  the  remainder  Calvinists,  Lu- 
therans, and  Hussites.  The  revenue  is  estimated 
at  2,000,000/.  Bohemia  is  a  part  of  the  Austrian 
empire.  It  has  an  assembly  of  states,  but  their 
power  is  merely  nominal. 

Bohrni^rf,,  r.  Md.  runs  into  Elk  river,  11m.  be- 
low Elkton, 

Bohmerwald,  i.  e.  TJiP  Bohemian  Forest,  a  ridge 
of  mountains  in  Germany.  It  separates  Bohemia 
from  the  Upper  Palatinate  ;  and  extends  through 
a  part  of  Bavaria  proper  and  Passau. 

Bohol,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  90  m.  N. 
Mindanao. 

Bohrau  on  the  Lake,  t.  Silesia,  16  m.  S.  Breslau, 

Bohus,  or  Bahus,  a  government  of  Sweden,  now 
forming  the  greater  part  of  the  province  of  Got- 
tenburg. 

Bajador,  Cape,  W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lon.  14° 
20"  W.  lat.  26°  16'  N. 

Bqjano,  t.  Italy,  42  m.  N.  Naples. 

Bojanowa,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Posen,  near  the  frontier  of  Silesia. 

Boinak,  district,  Persia,  in  Daghestan,  on  the 
Imtsche.  The  town  Boinak  is  near  the  Caspian 
sea,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Derbend. 

Boiyiits,  t.  Hungary,  11m.  W.  N.  W.  Kremnitz. 

Baire,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  7  m.  W.  Sable. 

Bois  blanc,  isl.  at  the  lower  end  of  Gros  Isle  in 
the  mouth  of  Detroit  river.  The  eastern  channel, 
between  it  and  the  Canada  shore,  is  about  i  of  a 
mile  wide,  and  is  deep  enough  for  the  largest  ves- 
sel ;  the  Western  is  much  wider,  but  is  shallow, 
and  full  of  small  islands. 

Bois  Blanc,  Lake,  N.  America,  between  Lake 
Superior  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Bois-Commun,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  24  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Orleans. 

Bois-le-Duc,  or  Bosch,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch 
Brabant,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Dommel  and  Aa. 
It  is  surrounded  with  walls,  flanked  by  seven  bas- 
tions. Pop.  13,347.  18  m,  E.  N.  E.  Breda,  42  S. 
S.  E.  Amsterdam.     Lon.  5°  9'  E.  lat.  51°  40'  N. 

Boissesson  d'Aumontel,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  Bm. 
E.Castres.     Pop.  3,100. 

Boilzenburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  38  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hamburg. 

Boka,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  23  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ho- 
deida. 

Bokhara.     See  Bukharia. 

Bokla.     See  Backerirunge. 

Bolabola,  one  of  the  Society  islands,  about  24  m. 
in  circumference.  Lon.  151°  52'  W.  lat.  16°  32' 
N. 

Bolas,  r.  S,  America,  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Guayaquil. 

Bolafr.  t.Italv,  6  m.  N.  W.  M-ilai?, 


Bolcan,  t.  S.  America,  in  Tucuman,  20  m.  N. 
Jujui. 

Bolch,  mouutain,  France,  in  Upper  Rhine, 
3,800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  being  the 
highest  of  the  V'osges. 

Bolchmc,  t.  Russia,  in  Orel,  on  the  Nugr,  32  m. 
N.N.  W.Orel.     Pop.  5,400. 

Bold,  t.  Eng.  Lancashire,  2  m.  fr.  Prescot. 

Bold  fountain,  p-v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

Boldo,  t.  Syria,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  PaltoSy 
16  m.  fr.  Latakia. 

Boli,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  74  m.  N.  W.  An^ 
gora,  140  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  31°  20'  E.  lat. 
41°  30.  N. 

Bolingbroke,  t.  Eng.  i»  Lincoln,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Boston. 

Bolingbroke,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  Bolingbroke  creek  with  the  Choptank,  5 
m.  E.  Oxford. 

Bolipleika,  t.  Russia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Vol- 
ga, 124  m.  S.  Saratov. 

Bolkenhayn,  t.  Silesia,  the  capital  of  a  circle  in 
the  principality  of  Schweidnitz,  10  m.  N-  W. 
Schweidn^tz,  40  S,  W.  Breslau.  Lon.  16°  5'  E. 
Int. 50°  46' N.     Pop.  1,350. 

Bolkowitz,  t.  Silesia,  in  the  principality  of  Glo- 
gau,  15  m.  S.  Glogau. 

Boll,  t.  and  district  Switzeiland,  10  m.  S.  Fri- 
bourg. 

Bollebec,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,'  17  m.  W. 
Havre.     Pop.  5,000. 

Bollene,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  10  m.  N.  Or- 
ange.    Pop.  4,000. 

BoUense,  Palenzcrthal,  or  Vallc  di  Bregno,  one 
of  the  most  fertile  vallies  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
canton  of  the  Ticino: 

Bolina  de  Faldelora,  t.  Piedmont,  25  m.  N.  of 
Nice.     Pop.  1,000. 

Bollington,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire.  Pop.  1,518. 
3  m.  N.  Macclesfield. 

Bologna,  anciently  Bononia,  the  second  city  in 
magnitude  and  opulence  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
states,  is  at  the  foot  of  the  Appenines,  between  the 
Savena  and  Rino,  in  a  rich  and  fertile  valley. 
The  churches  are  of  ingenious  and  costly  archi- 
tecture, and  are  adorned  in  the  interior  with 
beautiful  paintings.  Fifty  of  these  were  carried 
off  by  Bonaparte  in  1796,  but  were  restored  with 
the  other  Italian  works  of  art,  in  1815.  Here  is 
a  famous  university.  It  consists  of  five  faculties, 
theology,  canon  law,  Roman  law,  medicine,  ana 
philosophy.  The  Spaniards,  Germans,  Hungari- 
ans, lUyrians,  Flemish,  Piedmontese,  and  other 
nations,  have  each  their  particular  college.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  cloth,  silk  stockings, 
and  other  stiiffs  ;  satins,  damasks,  taffeta,  velvet, 
gauze,  crape,  and  linen,  Avhich  give  occasion  to 
an  active  trade  with  Genoa,  Leghorn,  and  Ven- 
ice, the  most  important  branch  of  which  is  in 
twisted  silk.  In  1799,  Bologna  was  taken  by  the 
Austrian  general  Klenau  ;  but  after  the  battle  of 
Marengo,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French.  It 
is  now  restored  to  the  pope.  24  m.  S.  E  Modena, 
26  S.  E.  Ferrara,  48  N.  Florence,  180  N.  N.  W. 
Rome.  Lon.  1 1°  21'  30"  E.  lat.  44°  30'  12"  N.  " 
Bologna,  v.  Italy,  in  Marca  d'Ancona,  territory 
of  Camerino. 

Bolognese,  or  Legation  of  Bologna,  a  province 
of  Italy,  in  the  pope's  dominions,  having  the  Fer- 
rai'ese  on  the  N.  Romagna  on  the  E.  Tuscany  ou 
the  S.  and  Modena  on  the  W.  Pop.  200,000. 
The  inhabitants  have  long  had  the  reputat^ion  of 
being  lovers  of  learuiB^  and  the  arts. 


116 


B  O  M 


BON 


Bdschaia,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Irti^ch,  240m.  E.  S. 
E.  Tobolsk. 

Bolschaia  Reka,  or  the  Great  Rwer,  Kamtschat- 
ka,  after  a  course  of  120  miles,  falls  into  the  sea  of 
Okhotzk,  in  lat.  54°  52'  N. 

BohckereUk,  t.  and  fort,  Kamtschatka,  on  the 
Bolschaia  Reka,  20  m.  from  its  mouth.  Lon.  157° 
£.  lat.  53°  N. 

Bolstna,  t.  Italy,  in  the  poise's  dominions,  8  m. 
S.  Orvieto.    Lon,  11°  54'  E.  lat.  42°  37'  N. 

Bolsover,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  5  m.  E.  Ches- 
terfield. 

Bolswaard,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Friesland, 
7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Harlingen,  13  S,  W.  Leuwarden. 
Lon.  5°  27'  E.  lat.  53°  7'  N. 

Bolt  Head,  promontory,  on  the  coast  of  Eng.  19 
m.  S.  E.  Plymouth.     Lon.  3°  48'  W.  lat.  50»  13'  N. 

B«lton,  V.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10  m.  S.  E.  Rich- 
mond. 

Bolton,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Lake 
Memphremagog,  S.  E.  Montreal.     Pop.  800. 

Bolton,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  river, 
18  m.  N.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  249. 

JBo^/on,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m.  N.'E. 
Worcester,  33  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,037. 

Bolton,  p-t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  14  m.  E.  Hartford. 
Pop.  700. 

Bolton,  p-t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  George, 
14  m.  N.  Caldwell.     Pop.  726. 

Bolton  le  Moor,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  consist- 
ing of  two  townships.  Great  and  Little  Bolton. 
Pop.  24,149:  viz.  of  Great  Bolton  17,070;  of  Lit- 
tle Bolton  7,079.  11  m.  N.  Manchester,  197  N. 
N.  W.  London. 

Bolus-Head,  cape,  Ireland.  Lon.  10°  12"  W. 
lat.  51°  44'  N. 

Boluxas  Indians,  100  in  number,  60  ra.  below 
Natchitoches. 

Bomba  Anjov,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Zaire.     Lat.  6"  10' S. 

Bombay,  isl.  on  W.  coast  of  Hindostan,  contain- 
ing the  city  of  Bombay,  which  is  the  capital  of  all 
the  British  settlements  on  that  side  of  the  peninsu- 
la. The  island  is  6^  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and 
about  1  mile  broad  near  the  fort.  It  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  strait,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  neighboring  island  of  Salsettc  by  a 
causeway.  177  m.  S.  W.  Sural.  Lon.  72°  38'  E. 
lat.  18^  58'  N. 

The  city  is  about  a  mile  in  length,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  in  breadth,  and  is  surrounded  by  fortifi- 
cations. In  the  centre  is  the  Green,  a  large  open 
spare,  which  is  surrounded  with  many  large  and 
well  built  houses.  Here  is  the  English  church. 
On  the  right  of  the  church  gate  is  the  bazar  or 
market-place,  which  is  crowded  and  populous, 
and  is  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  merchandize 
and  provisions.  The  bazar  is  the  residence  of  the 
native  merchants.  Besides  the  English  church, 
there  are  numerous  temples  for  the  Hindoos, 
and  mosques  for  the  JMahometans,  a  synagogue 
for  the  Jews,  chapels  for  the  Portuguese  Roman 
Catholics,  and  a  Presbyterian  church. 

Bombay  commands  an  extensive  commerce 
with  the  countries  on  the  Persian  and  Arabic 
gulfs,  with  the  west  and  east  coasts  of  India,  the 
islands  in  the  Eastern  ocean,  and  China.  With 
Europe  also,  and  with  different  parts  of  America, 
it  carries  on  a  considerable  trade.. 

Ship-building  is  carried  to  great  perfection  by 
the  Persees  ;  and  for  this  employment  Bombay  is 
well  fitted,  on  account  of  the  immense  teak  forests 


■which  lie  along  the  W.  side  of  the  Ghaut  moun- 
tains. Here  are  rope-walks  equal  to  any  in  Eng- 
land, with  the  exception  of  the  king's  yard  at 
Portsmouth,  a  large  and  magnificent  dock-yard, 
and  forges  for  all  kinds  of  smith's  work.  With  all 
these  advantages,  Bombay  has  become  an  impor- 
tant naval  arsenal ;  and  within  these  few  years 
ships  of  from  600  to  1,000  tons  have  been  built  in 
its  yards,  equal  in  durability  and  beauty  of  con- 
struction to  any  in  the  world. 

The  population  is  estimated  at  220,000,  of  whom 
about  three-fourths  are  Hindoos,  8,000  Persees, 
8,000  Mahometans,  3  or  4,000  Jews,  and  Portu- 
guese in  considerable  numbers. 

Bombay  has  been  in  possession  of  the  English  E. 
India  company  since  1688.  The  administration 
is  vested  in  a  governor  and  three  councillers,  who 
are  placed  under  the  control  of  the  supreme  gov- 
ernment of  Bengal.  The  climate  of  Bombay  often 
proves  fatal  to  Europeans  ;  the  liver  complaint  be- 
ing more  frequent  here  than  in  any  other  part  of 
India. 

The  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  For- 
eign Missions  have  employed  several  Missionaries 
in  this  city  and  its  neighborhood  since  1814.  In 
1820  the  number  of  missionaries  was  5  j  holding 
their  primary  seat  in  Bombay,  and  occupying  a 
station  at  Mahim,  distant  6  miles  on  the  N.  part  of 
the  same  island,  and  another  at  Tannah,  distant 
25  miles,  on  the  island  of  Salsette,  of  which  it  is 
the  chief  town.  Their  principal  and  daily  work 
is  preaching  the  gospel  to  the  heathen.  In  pi'ose- 
cution  of  it  they  not  only  visit  the  temples  and  pla- 
ces of  resort  in  the  city,  but  make  circuits  upon 
the  islands,  and  in  the  provinces  of  the  continent. 
They  have  also  engaged,  in  the  translation  of  the 
Scriptures.  In  1819  they  had  translated  the 
whole  of  the  New  Testament  and  a  considerablt- 
part  of  the  Old,  into  the  Mahratta  language, 
which  is  spoken  not  only  in  Bombay,  but  by  many 
millions  on  the  neighboring  continent.  There  is 
a  printing  press  attached  to  the  mission,  and  large 
editions  of  select  portions  of  the  Bible,  and  numer- 
ous tracts  have  already  been  published.  Another 
object,  on  which  the  Missionaries  have  bestowed 
much  attention,  is  the  education  of  native  chil- 
dren. In  1819,  the  total  number  enrolled  in  their 
schools,  as  regular  pupils,  was  more  than  1,000. 
and  funds  only  were  wanting  to  increase  the  num- 
ber almost  indefinitely.  In  all  the  schools,  those 
who  can  read,  are  daily  employed  in  reading  or 
f;ommittingto  memory  portions  of  the  Bible  or  re- 
ligious tracts. 

Bombny-hook,  isl.  in  Delaware  bay,  at  the 
moixth  of  Duck  creek,  9  m.  S.  Reedy-island.  By 
a  canal  of  1 1  miles,  the  water  of  the  Chesapeake 
and  Delaware  might  be  connected  at  this  point. 

Bombichi,  t.  Syria,  44  m.  E.  N.  E.  Aleppo. 

Bommel,  t.  Dutch  Guelderland,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Maese  and  the  Waal.  Pop.  2,900. 
7  m.  N.  Bois-le-Duc,  60  N.  E.  Antwerp.  Lon.  4° 
55'  E.  Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Bommelwaert,  isl.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Gueld- 
erland, formed  by  the  Maese  and  the  Waal,  and 
about  15  miles  long,  and  6  broad. 

Bomransepollam,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  50 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Madras. 

Bona,  s-p.  Algiers,  called  by  the  Arabs  Blaid- 
el-Aneb.  It  has  a  capacious  harbor.  It  was  one 
of  the  settlements  of  the  French  African  compa- 
ny, established  during  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 
They  exported  large  quantities  of  wool,  wax,  bul- 


ml. 


BON 

iocle'  hides,  and  corn.  In  1805  it  was  ceded  to 
the  English.  66  m.  N.  N.  E.  Constantina.  Lon. 
7°  45'  E.  Lat.  36°  52'  N. 

Bona,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the  bay  of  Cam- 
peachy. 

Bonaa,  isl.  off  Ceram.  Lon,  128°  5'  E.  Lat.  3° 
3'S. 

Bonacca,  or  GuanajOy  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras.   Lon.  86°  23'  W.  Lat.  16°  30'  N. 

Bonamas,  or  Bonias,  t.  Germany,  3  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Frankfort. 

Borutndrea,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  Scarpanto 
island. 

Bonanza,  t.  Spain,  on  the  Guadalquivir,  near 
its  mouth.  Large  vessels  unload  their  cargoes 
here,  for  the  city  of  Seville. 

Bonarbashy,  v.  Asia  Minor,  the  site  of  the  hot 
springs  in  the  plain  of  Troy. 

Bonaveniure  Island,  Lower  Canada,  at  the  N. 
entrance  into  Chaleur  bay. 

Bonavista,  one  of  the  Cape  de  Verd  islands,  48 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  22°  59' E.  Lat.  16° 
ITN. 

Bonavista,  Cape,  on  the  E.  side  of  Newfound- 
land, in  W.  lon.  52=  32'.  N.  lat.  48'?  15'. 

Bond,  CO.  Illinois,  on  Kaskaskia  river.  Chief 
f.  Independence.     Pop.  in  1818,  1,382. 

Bondanello,  v.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Modena. 

Bonden,  reef  of  rocks  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Lat.  63°  33'  N. 

Bondeno,  t.  Italy,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pa- 
naro  and  the  Po  d' Argento,  9  m.  W.  Ferrara. 

Bondorf,  t.  in  Baden,  28  m.  N.  Zurich.  Lon. 
8°20'E.  Lat.47°52'N. 

Bondou,  a  kingdom  of  central  Africa,  bounded 
E.  by  Bambouk,  S.  E.  and  S.  by  Tenda  and  the 
wilderness  of  Simbani,  S.  W.  by  Woolli,  W.  by 
Foota  Torra,  and  N.  by  Kajaaga.  The  inhabi- 
tants trade  with  Gedumah,  and  other  Moorish 
countries. 

Boriff,  t.  Netherlands,  9  m.  N,  Namur. 

Bonghir,  t.  and  district,  Hind,  in  Hyderabad, 
n.  79°  5'  E.  Lat.  17°  18'  N. 

Bonhampton,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  6  m.  N.  E. 
New- Brunswick. 

Bonhomme,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri. 

Boni  Bay,  called  Setpa  by  the  natives,  and 
Buggess  by  the  Europeans,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Celebes.     Lon.  121°  20'  E.  Lat.  4°  S. 

Bonifacio,  s-p.  Corsica,  on  the  strait  which 
separates  this  island  from  Sardinia,  and  is  called 
Straits  of  Bonifacio.  Lon.  9°  9'  16"  E.  Lat.  41° 
23'  10"  N. 

Bonafacio,  Capo  di,  the  S.  E.  point  of  Corsica. 

Bonn,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine.  The  court  of  the  Elector  of  Co- 
logne was  formerly  held  here.  14  m  S.  S.  E.  Co- 
logne, 30  E.  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Lon.  7°  6'  E.  Lat. 
50°  40'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Bonnat,  t.  France,  in  Creuse,  12  m.  N.  Gueret. 
Bonne,  t.  Savoy,  10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Geneva. 

Bonnefemme,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 
Bonnet,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  Lough  Gill. 
Bonnet  Islands,  in  the  Mergui  archipelago.  Lat. 
10°  29'  N. 

Bonnetable,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  4,600. 

Bonneval,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loire,  20  m. 
S.  Chartres. 

Bonneville,  t.  Savoy,  14 m.  N.  E.  Annecy.  Lon. 
60  21'  E.  Lat.  46°  4'  N. 

Bonnieres,  t.  France,  in  Spine-aud-Oi'e,  25  m. 
N.  W.  Versailles, 


BOO 


117 


Bonny,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  45  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Orleans. 

Bono,  isl.  in  the  English  channel.  Lon.  3°  32' 
W.  Lat.  48°  53'  N. 

BorM,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Indiana,  15  m.  N.  Paoli. 

Bonsall,  t.  Eng.  Derbyshire,  3  ra.  N.  Wirks- 
worth. 

Bonsecours,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower- 
Canada,  37  m.  N.  E.  Montreal. 

Bonsecours,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower- 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  22  m. 
S.  W.  Quebec. 

Bonsecours,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower-Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41  m.  N. 
E.  Quebec. 

Bonthain,  t.  and  district  of  Celebes,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  island.  Lon.  120^^  9'  E.  Lat.  5° 
20'  S. 

Bonum,  settlement,  Missouri,  10  m.  S.  St. 
Charles,  20  W.  St.  Louis.  It  extends  not  less  than 
15  miles  east  and  west,  and  from  6  to  10  north  and 
south.     The  land  is  fertile  and  well  watered. 

Boobcrcu:k,  r.  Algiers,  runs  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean, a  little  W.  of  Dellys. 

Boobooan,  isl.  of  the  Sooloo  archipelago.  Lon. 
122°  9'  E.  Lat.  6°  17'  N. 

Booby  Island,  near  the  N.  coast  of  New-Hol- 
land.    Lon.  141°  56'  E.  Lat.  10«  36'  S. 

Booby  Island,  W.  Indies,  near  St.  Christopher's. 

Booby  Rock,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  New  Ireland. 
Lon.  159°  24'  E.  Lat.  21°  24'  S. 

Boodicotta,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Bangalore. 

Boodroom,  or  Boudrun,  t.  Asia  Minor,  in  Cara- 
mania,  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Halicarnassus.     Lon.  27°  20'  E.  Lat.  37°  N. 

Booferjoone,  v.  Algiers,  125  m.  S.  S.  E.  Sher- 
shell. 

Boogebooge,  t.  Hind.  cap.  of  Cutch.  Lon.  69° 
45'  E.  "Lat.  23°  15'  N. 

Boojemali,  r.  Algiers,  joins  the  Seibouse,  near 
Bona. 

Bool,  or  Bulluw,  district,  Hind,  in  Canara. 
Lat.  13°  N. 

Bool .     See  Bohol. 

Boolecambra,  t.  and  district,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Celebes.     Lon.  120°  50'  E.  Lat.  5°  27'  S. 

Boom,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  S.  Antwerp. 

Boonah,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Black  sea.  Lon. 
38°  E.  Lat.  40°  44'  N. 

Boondy,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75°  35'  E. 
Lat.  25°  26'  N. 

Boone,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  3,608. 
Slaves,  656.     Chief  t.  Burlington. 

Booner-Schanz,  fort,  Netherlands,  15  m.  S. 
Embden. 

Booneshoro,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Md. 

Boonesboro,  t.  Madison  co.  Ken.  on  Kentucky 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Lexington.     Pop.  68. 

Booneslick,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 

Boone'' s  mills,  p-v.  White  co.  lUinoie. 

Boone'' s  settlement.     See  Hotvard  county. 

Booneton,  p-v.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Boonville,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  on  Black  river,  2T 
m.  N.  Utica.     Pop.  393. 

Boo-Shatter,  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Vticrt. 
20  m,  N.  Tunis. 

Boosnah,  t.  and  district.  Hind,  in  Bengal.  Lon. 
89°  39'  E.  Lat.  23°  32'  N. 

Bootan,  country,  Asia,  lying  between  Bengal 
and  Thibet,  between  26°  and  28°  N.  lat.  It  is^ 
Tery  raountaiuous.     The  prince  of  this  conntry  h 


118 


B  O  R 


tributary  to  the  grand  Lama  of  Thibet,  and  veiy 
jealous  of  intercourse  with  Bengal. 

Boothbay,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Wiscasset.  The  bay  extends  12  miles  inland, 
and  affords  a  bold  and  safe  harbor  of  9  fathoms 
water.     The  soil  of  Boothbay  is  rocky. 

Booth  Goldshau;  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  8  m.  fr. 
Burnley.  Booth  Higher,  adjoins  Booth  Gold- 
shaw.  Pop.  2,368.  Booth  Lower,  adjoins  Booth 
Higher. 

Booth,  t.  Eng.  2  m.  fr.  Liverpool. 

Bopal,  t.  and  territory,  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lat. 
23°  16'  N.  Lon.  77°  37'  E. 

Bopfingen,  t.  Wirtemberg.  28  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ulm. 
Lon.  10°  22'  E.  Lat.  48°  48''N. 

Boppart,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine, 

8  m.  S.  Coblentz. 

Boques  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  Scioto  river,  5  m. 
W.  Delaware. 

Borah,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  30  m.  6.  W.  Se- 
ronge. 

Borang,  isl.  Sumatra,  in  the  river  Palambang, 
20  m.  beloAV  the  city  Palambang. 

Boras,  t.  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland,  prbvince 
of  Elfsborg,  10  m.  S.  W.  Ulricaham. 

Borba,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  7  m.  E.  Estre- 
moz. 

Borbo,  r.  Piedmont,  falls  into  the  Tanaro  at 
Asti. 

Borckeloe,  v.  Netherlands,  on  the  Berckel,  12 
ji.  E.  N.  E.  Zutphen. 

Bord,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  on  the  Dordogne, 
32  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tulle. 

Bordentown,  p-t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  Dela- 
ware river,  6  m.  below  Trenton,  24  above  Phila- 
delphia. It  contains  about  100  houses,  and  is  the 
seat  of  an  academy. 

Bords,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Foix. 

Bordesholm,  v.  of  the  Danish  states,  35  m.  N. 
Hamburgh. 

Bordigkera,  t.  Genoa,  8  m.  E.  Albenga. 

Bore,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Slaney. 

Borghetto,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  Trent,  8  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Roveredo. 

Borghetto,  t.  Italy,  in  Lodi,  on  the  Lambro. 

Borghetto,  v.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  on  the 
Mincio,  opposite  \'aleggio,  and  N.  of  Mantua. 

Borgholm,  fort,  Sweden,  on  the  Island  of  Oe- 
'and. 

Borgne,  Lake,  Louisiana,  connected  on  the  W. 
with  lake  Ponchartrain  by  the  Rigolets,  and  on 
the  E.  with  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  about  40 
miles  long  and  15  broad. 

Borgo,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of 
Finland.     Lon.  25°  40'  E.  Lat.  60°  23'  N. 

Borgo,  three  military  villages  in  Transylvania, 

9  m.  N.  E.  Bistntz. 

Borgo,  St.  Donnino,  t.  Italy,  12  m.  N.  W.  Par- 
ma. 

Borgo  d''Osma,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  40  m. 
3.  E.  Burgos.     Lon.  2°  57'  W.  Lat.  41°  46'  N. 

Borgo  di  St.  Angelo,  formerly  Citta  Vitloriosa, 
fort,  Malta,  near  La  Valetta. 

Borgfi  di  St.  Sepolcro,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  48  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Florence.     Lon.  12°'  8'  E.  Lat.  43"^  35'  N. 

Borgo  di  Sesia,  t.  Italy,  in  Milan,  50  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Turin.     Lon.  8°  16'  E.  Lat.  45°  43'  N. 

Borgo  di  Val  di  Taro,  t.  Italy  in  Parma,  23  m. 
S.  W.  Parma,  35  S.  Cremona. 

Borgo  di  Val  Sugana,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in 
Tyrol,  on  the  Brenta,  near  the  Italian  frontier. 


B  O  R 

Borgofvrte,  t.  Italy,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mautua. 

Borgo  Franco,  t.  Piedmont,  3  m.  N.  Ivrea. 

Borgo  Kanuzzi,  States  of  the  Church,  in  Bol(^- 
na,  on  the  Reno. 

Borgo  St.  Dalmazio,  v.  Piedmont,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Coni.     Pop.  4,000. 

Borgo  Vercelli,  t.  Piedmoirt,  in  the  Novarese,  3 
m.  N.  E.  Vercelli. 

Borja,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  34  m.  W.  N.  W» 
Saragossa. 

Borissoglebsk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Wolga,  20  m.  W. 
Jaroslav. 

Borissoglebsk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Worona,  72 ra.  S'. 
S.  E.  Tambov. 

Borissov,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Beresina,  38  m.  E". 
Minsk. 

Borken,  t.  Germany,  30  m.  W.  Munster.  Lon. 
6^  48'  E.  Lat.  52°  51'  N. 

Borkum,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  East  Friesland. 

Borla,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  supposed  to  be 
the  ancient  Bithynium. 

Bonnes,  U  France,  in  Var,  24  m.  N.  W.  Fre--- 
jus. 

Bormia,  or  Bormida,  r.  Piedmont,  runs  into  the 
Tanaro  near  Alexandria. 

Borniio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Fredolfo  into  the  Adda,  45  m.  N.  W.  Trent.  Lon. 
10°  22'  E.  Lat.  46°  17'  N. 

Borna,  t.  Saxony,  12  S.  S.  E.  Leipzig. 

Borne,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Tame. 

Borneo,  an  island  of  Asia,  which,  next  to  New 
Holland,  is  the  largest  in  the  world,  being 
800  miles  long  by  700  broad.  The  coast,  for  10 
or  15  miles  inland,  is  mostly  marshy,  and  its  cli- 
mate unhealthy  to  Europeans.  On  this  island  are 
found  fine  diamonds,  some  of  which  weigh 
20,  30,  or  40  carats ;  iron,  copper  and  tin,  and 
pearls.  Among  the  vegetables  are  delicious 
fruits,  pepper,  and  the  camphor  tree.  Pep- 
per is  the  staple  product,  and  of  camphor  about 
4375  pounds  are  annually  exported.  Flocks  of 
deer,  and  wild  hogs,  feed  on  the  spacious  plains  ; 
but  its  most  singular  quadruped,  is  the  ouran- 
outang.  Borneo  is  inhabited  by  various  races  of 
men.  Some  are  said  to  be  mild  and  tractable, 
especially  those  dwellir)g  on  the  coast ;  others  in 
the  interior  are  represented  as  a  wild  and  savage 
people.  Many  Chinese  are  settled  here,  who  car- 
ry on  a  very  active  commerce,  and  engross  the 
whole  trade  of  the  island  ;  and  the  coast  is  inhab- 
ited by  a  mixture  of  Malays,  Javanese,  and  the 
natives  of  Celebes.  The  total  population  is  cal- 
culated at  three  millions.  Among  the  principal 
towns  is  Banjarmassing,  towards  the  southern  ex- 
tremity, where  the  Dutch  have  a  fort  and  factory. 
A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  between  Bor- 
neo and  various  parts  of  the  east.  The  imports 
consist  of  opium,  scarlet  cloth,  India  piece  goods, 
brass  wire,  cutlery,  arms,  and  gunpowder.  Span- 
ish dollars  are  the  current  coin.  Several  of  the 
European  powers  have  endeavoured  to  establish 
colonial  settlements  in  Borneo,  but  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Dutch,  none  of  these  has  had  any 
permanent  success.  Lon.  from  109°  to  119°  E. 
Lat.  4°  N.  to  7°  25'  S. 

Borneo,  s-p.  and  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Borneo, 
in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  island,  10  m.  from 
the  sea.  The  sultan  of  Borneo  resides  here.  Lon, 
114°44'E.  Lat.  4°56'N. 

BornJieim,  t.  Netherlands,  8  m.  N.  E.  Dender- 
monde. 

Bornhnlm,  isl.  Denmaf  k,  io  the  Baltic.    lo  the 


BOS 


BOS 


119 


iiitefior  there  are  quarries  of  marble,  lime,  sand- 
stone, and  free  stone,  coalmines,  and  vitriol  works, 
Lon,  13°  E.  Lat.  55°  10'  N. 

Boriiuu,  an  extensive  kingdom  in  the  interior 
of  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the  desert  of  Bilma  and 
of  Lybia, ;  E.  by  countries  unknovi^n  ;  S.  by 
Bergoo  and  Bergherme  ;  W.  by  Cassina  and  As- 
hen. The  emperor  is  one  of  the  most  powerful 
sovereigns  in  the  interior  of  Africa.  Bergoo,  Beg- 
herme,  Wangara,  and  Cassina,  are  his  tributaries. 
The  chief  grain  is  Indian  corn.  The  whole  coun- 
try is  traversed  by  a  great  river  called  the  Wed- 
el-Gazel,  which  runs  from  south  to  north,  and  is 
lost  in  the  desert  of  Bilma.  The  commerce  of 
Bornou  is  cliietly  carried  on  by  the  merchants  of 
Mourzouk,  in  Fezzan,  which  forms  a  central  point 
for  the  interior  commerce  of  Africa.  The  im- 
ports consist  of  brass  and  copper  ;  red  woollen 
caps,  check  linens,  light  coarse  cloth,  baize,  car- 
pets, silk  ;  sabre  blades,  Dutch  knives,  sciseai-s, 
coral  beads,  small  looking-glasses,  and  Gooroo 
nuts,  from  the  south  of  Niger.  The  exports  are 
slaves,  gold,  and  civet. 

BornoiL,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Bornou  is  about 
a  day's  journey  from  the  Wed-el-Gazel.  It  is 
said  to  be  a  large  city.  It  is  placed  by  major  Ren- 
nell,  in  lon.  22°  57'  E.  lat.  24°  32'  N. 

Borodino,  v.  Russia,  near  the  river  Moskwa,  90 
m.  W.  Moscow,  remarkable  for  the  great  battle 
fought  there,  on  7th  Sept.  1812,  between  the 
French  and  Russians. 

Boroughbridge,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire,  17  m.  N.  W. 
York. 

Borovits-chi,  t.  Russia,  8,5  m.  E.  S.  E.  Novgo- 
rod. 

Borowsk,  t.  Russia,  60  m.  S.  W.  Moscow. 

Borriana,  t.  Spain,  21  m.  N.  Valencia. 

Borromei  Islands.     See  Logo  Maggiore. 

Borrowslownness,  s-p.  Scotland,  ou  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Forth,  18  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Borselen,  v.  Netherlands,  on  the  island  of  South 
Beveland. 

Bosa,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lon. 
8°  42'  E.  Lat.  40°  18'  N. 

Boscastle,  or  Botercaiix,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on 
the  Bristol  channel,  16  m.  W.  N.  W.  Launceston. 

Boscawen,  p-t  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  th.e 
Merrimack,  8  m.  N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,829. 

Bosch,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  oiTGroningen.  Lon. 
5°  53'  E.  Lat.  53°  33'  N. 

Bosco,  or  Boschi,  t.  Piedmont,  5  m.  S.  E.  Ales- 
sandria. 

Bosham,  or  Bosenham,  v.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  an 
arm  of  the  sea,  3  m.  W.  Cliicliester. 

Boshavir.     See  Bushire. 

Boshuanas,  numerous  tribes  in  the  interior  of 
S.  Africa,  whose  territory  cxtendslrom  25°  to  20° 
S.  lat. 

Bosjesmans.     See  Hottentots. 

Boskowitz,  t.  Moravia,  22  m.  W.  Olmutz. 

Bosna,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  runs  into  the  Save,  50^. 
fr.  Bosna-Serajo. 

Bosna-Serajo,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  cap,  of  Bosnia, 
1 18  m.  W.  Belgrade,  230  S.  Vienna.  Lon.  18°  5' 
E.  Lat  44°  25' N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Bos7iia,  country,  Eu.  Turkey,  separated  from 
Sclavonia  on  the  N.  by  the  Save,  from  Servia  on 
the  E.  by  the  Drino,  from  Dalmatia  on  the  S.  by 
a  ridge  of  mountains,  and  from  Croatia  on  the  W. 
by  the  Verbas.  It  is  full  of  mountains,  but  con- 
tains fruitful  fields  and  vineyards.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  of  Sclavonian  origin.  They  are  gener- 
ally.of  the  Greek  religion. 


Bosphorus,  or  Strait  of  Constantinople,  the  strait 
between  the  Black  sea  and  the  sea  of  Marmora^ 
about  1  or  li  mile  broad,  and  20  miles  long.  It  is 
called  Bogas  by  the  Turks. 

Bossiney,  or  Trevenna,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in 
Cornwall,  on  the  Bristol  channel,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Camelford. 

Bossut,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  6  m.  from 
Mons. 

Bost,  city,  Persia,  60  m.  S.  W.  Candahar.  Lon. 
64°45'E.  Lat.  32°  30' N. 

Bosian,  or  Olukisla  el  Bostan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  50  m.  N.  N.  W^.  Marasch. 

Boston,  s-p.  Eng.  Lincoln  co.  on  the  Witham, 
119  m.  N.  London. 

Boston,  s-p.  and  cap.  Mass.  in  Suffolk  co.  and 
the  largest  town  in  New-England,  115  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Portland,  56  S.  by  W.  Portsmouth,  40  N.  N.  E. 
Providence,  100  E.  N.  E.  Hartford,  210  N.  E. 
New  York,  300  N.  E.  Philadelphia,  436  N.  E. 
Washington,  and  300  S.  S.  E.  Montreal. 

It  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  bottom  of  Massa- 
chusetts-bay, on  a  peninsula  of  an  uneven  surface^ 
2  miles  long,  and  in  the  widest  part  about  1  mile 
wide.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  United 
States.  It  has  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  the 
largest  vessels  at  all  times  of  tide,  and  is  accessible 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  It  is  safe  from  every 
wind,  and  so  capacious  that  it  will  allow  500  ves- 
sels to  ride  at  anchor,  while  the  entrance  is  so 
narrow  as  scarcely  to  admit  2  ships  abreast.  The 
entrance  is  well  defended  by  Fort  Independence 
and  Fort  Warren. 

Boston  is  very  extensively  engaged  in  com- 
merce. There  are  probably  few  cities  in  the 
world  where  there  is  so  much  wealth  in  propor- 
tion to  the  population.  The  amount  of  shipping 
owned  here  in  1815,  was  143,420  tons;  a  greater 
amount  than  belonged  to  any  other  port  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  except  New  York.  The  country  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  is  fertile  and  populous,  and 
connected  witli  the  capital  by  fine  roads.  The 
Middlesex  canal  opens  a  water  communication 
with  the  interior  of  New-Hampshire. 

Among  the  literary  institutions  are  the  Boston 
Athenaeum,  which  contains  about  18,000  volumes, 
the  Boston  library,  which  has  5  or  6,000,  and  sev- 
eral other  libraries  belonging  to  literary  societies. 
Among  the  benevolent  institutions  are  the  Gene- 
ral Hospital,  founded  in  1818,  which  has  been  rich- 
ly endowed  by  the  libei-ality  of  the  State  and  of 
individuals,  and  a  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  the 
buildings  of  which  are  situated  in  Charlestown. 

There  are  four  bridges  connecting  Boston  with 
the  adjacent  towns.  Charles  river  bridge,  Avhich 
connects  it  with  Charlestown  on  the  north,  is 
1,503  feet  long,  42  broad,  and  stands  on  75  piers. 
West  Boston  bridge,  connecting  it  with  Cam- 
bridge-port on  the  west,  is  3,483  feet  long,  and 
stands  on  180  piers.  Cragie's  bridge  is  between 
these  two,  and  connects  it  with  Cambridge.  A 
brieve  and  dam  were  commenced  in  1818  across 
the  bay  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  the  town,  the  ob- 
ject of  which  is  to  open  a  new  avenue,  and  also 
to  create  a  water  power  sufficient  to  put  in  opera- 
tion extensive  tide  mills,  and  other  water  worlcs. 

The  houses  in  the  older  part  of  the  town  are 
plain,  and  the  streets  generally  narrow  and  crook- 
ed ;  but  in  West  Boston  and  in  several  streets  re- 
cently laid  out,  the  private  buildings  are  more 
splendid  than  in  any  other  town  in  the  United 
States.  In  1817  there  was  erected  on  each  side 
of  Market-street,  a  block  of  brick  stores  more  than 


120 


B  O  T 


B  O  U 


400  feet  in  length,  and  4  stories  high ;  and  ou 
Central  Wharf,  another  immense  pile  of  buildings 
was  completed  the  same  year,  1,240  feet  long, 
coiataining  54  stores,  4  stories  high,  having  a  spa- 
cious hall  in  the  centre,  over  which  is  erected  an 
elegant  observatory. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  State  house, 
which  is  built  ou  elevated  ground,  and  com- 
mands a  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country ; 
the  new  court  house,  built  of  stone,  at  an  expense 
of  $92,000  ;  Faneuil  hall,  where  all  town  meet- 
ings are  held ;  a  theatre ;  an  alms-house ;  a  cus- 
tom-house, and  28  places  for  public  worship,  11  of 
which  are  for  Congregationaliets,  4  for  Episcopa- 
lians, 4  for  Baptists,  2  for  Methodists,  3  for  Univer- 
salists,  1  for  Roman  Catholics,  1  for  Friends,  a 
New-Jerusalem  church,  and  the  seamens'  chapel. 

The  population  in  1800  was  24,937,  in  1810, 
33,250  and  in  1820,  more  than  43,000.  The  vi- 
cinity of  Boston  is  very  populous.  The  inhabi- 
tants have  long  been  celebrated  for  their  enter- 
prize  and  intelligence,  and  for  the  liberality  with 
which  they  support  religious,  literary,  and  hu- 
mane institutions. 

The  country  around  Boston  is  the  admiration  of 
every  traveller  of  taste.  The  view  from  the 
dome  of  the  State  house  surpasses  any  thing  of  the 
kind  in  this  country,  and  is  not  excelled  by  that 
from  the  castle  hill  of  Edinburgh,  or  that  of  the 
bay  of  Naples,  from  the  castle  of  St.  Elmo.  Here 
may  be  seen  at  one  view,  the  shipping,  the  harbor, 
variegated  with  islands  and  alive  with  business ; 
Charles  river,  and  its  beautiful  country  ornament- 
ed with  elegant  country  seats  ;  and  more  than  20 
flourishing  towns.  The  hills  are  finely  cultivated, 
and  rounded  by  the  hand  of  nature,  with  singular 
felicity. 

Bogfon,  t.  Niagara  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  Buffalo. 

Boston,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuyahoga  river, 
18  m.  N.  W.  Ravenna. 

Bosworth,  t.  Eng.  11m.  W.  Leicester. 

Botavy  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  discovered  by  capt.  Cook  in  1770.  It 
has  been  since  converted  into  a  British  settlement 
for  the  reception  of  exiled  criminals.  The  climate 
is  salubrious,  the  soil  fertile,  and  the  settlement 
flourishing.  In  1810,  the  population  was  10,454, 
viz.  5,513  men,  2,230  women,  2,721  children. 
The  colony  consists  of  four  districts,  Sidney,  Para- 
matta, Hawkesbury,  and  Newcastle,  and  it  has 
two  dependencies,  Hobart's-town  and  Port  Dal- 
rymple,  on  Van  Diemcn's  land,  about  300  miles 
distant.  The  chief  commerce  is  in  seal-skins,  oil, 
and  whalebone,  and  a  profitable  contraband  trade 
is  carried  on  with  China  and  the  South  Sea  isl- 
ands.    See  New  Holland. 

Botany  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
168°16'E.  Lat.  22°26'S. 

Botesdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  5  m.  fr.  Eye. 

Botetourt,  co.  Va.  W.  of  the  Blue-ridge.  Pop. 
13,301.     Slaves,  2,275.     Chief  t.  Fincastle. 

Bothnia,  an  extensive  province  in  the  north  of 
Europe,  which  is  divided  into  East  and  West,  by 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  The  whole  was  formerly  in 
the  possession  of  Sweden,  but  the  east  division  was 
ceded  to  Russia  in  1809.  West  Bothnia  belongs 
under  the  title  of  a  county,  to  the  Swedish  prov- 
ince of  Norland,  and  is  divided  into  the  four  dis- 
tricts of  Umea,  Pitea,  Lulea,  and  Tornea. 

Bothnia,  Gvlfof,  that  part  of  the  Baltic  which 
separates  Sweden  from  Finland.  It  extends  from 
lat.  60°  20'  to  65''  50'  N. 


Bolhoa,  t.  France,  in  Cote  du  Nord,  16  m.  S. 
Guingamp. 

Bolhwell,  V.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  on  the  Clyde, 
9  m.  fr.  Glasgow. 

Bolicelli,  BeitGiala,  or  Bollesham,  v.  Palestine, 
8  m.  N.  W.  Bethlehem. 

Botol  Tabacosima,  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea.  Lon. 
117°  12' E.  Lat.  21°  57  N. 

Botta,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Po,  4  m.  N.  N.  W.  Pla- 
centia. 

Bottlehill,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  16  m.  N.  W. 
Elizabethtown. 

Bottomless  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  S.  America. 
Lat.  41°  50'  S. 

Bottwar,  t.  Wirtemberg.  Lon.  9°  24'  E.  Lat. 
49°  1'  N. 

Botzen,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  the  Tyrol,  27  m. 
N.  of  Trent.     Lon.  11°  10'  E.  Lat.  46°  32'  N. 

Botzenburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  47  m.  N.  Berlin. 

Bova,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Reggio.     Lon.  16°  19'  E.  Lat.  37°  56'  N. 

Bouc,  isl.  on  the  S.  coast  of  France.  Lon.  4° 
58'  49"  E.  Lat.  43^  23'  31"  N. 

Bouchain,  t.  France,  on  the  Scheldt,  in  the  dep. 
of  the  North.  The  fortifications  are  of  great 
strength.  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cambray,  9  S.  W.  Va- 
lenciennes. 

Bouchard,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  W.  Tours. 

Boucherville,  seigniory,  Kent  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite 
the  island  of  Montreal,  and  about  10  m.  E.  of  the 
city. 

Boudef,  r.  runs  into  Lake  St.  Francis,  near  the 
boundary  between  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 

Botidry,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  Reuse.  14  m.  S. 
W.  Nenfchatel. 

Bovense,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Funen. 

Boves,  t.  Piedmont,  4  m.  S.  Coni. 

Bovey  Tracey,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  5  m.  fr. 
Ashburton. 

Bougainville''  s  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellaa. 
Lon.  72'^  9'  W.  Lat  53°  50'  N. 

BougainriUe's  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  155°  20'.  E.  Lat.  6°  S. 

Bougainville'' s  Straits,  between  Bougainville', 
island,  and  one  of  Solomon's  islands.  Lon.  156  ' 
E.  Lat.  6°  50'  S. 

Bougechito,  r.  rises  in  Mississippi,  and  running 
S.  E.  joins  Pearl  river  in  Louisiana. 

Boujeiah,  or  Bugia,  s-p.  Algiers,  80  m.  E.  Al- 
giers.    Lon.  5°  10'  E.  Lat.  36°  42'  N. 

Boujcpore,  t.  and  district.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon. 
84°  9''E.  Lat.  25°  36'  N. 

Bouille  Menard,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire, 
6  m.  N.  W.  Segre. 

Bouillon,  duchy,  Netherlands,  between  the 
grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg  and  the  principalitj' 
of  Liege.  Prince  Charles  of  Rohan  now  posses- 
ses it  under  the  sovereignty  of  the  king  of  the 
Netherlands.  It  is  about  18  miles  long  and  9  broad. 

Bouillon,  cap.  of  the  duchy  of  Bouillon,  50  m. 
S.  E.  Namur.     Lon.  5°  8'  E.  Lat.  49°  48' N. 

Bouin,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  France. 

Bovines,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  E.  Lille. 

Borino,  t.  Naples,  28  m.  E.  N.  E.  Benevento. 

Bouka,  or  Lord  Jlnson's  Island,  in  the  S.  Pa- 
cific ocean.    Lat.  5°  S.  Lon.  154°  34'  E. 

Boulay,  t.  France,  12  m.  E.  by  N.  Metz. 

Boulle,  La,  t.  France,  8  m.  S.  W.  Rouen. 

Boulogne,  s-p.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais.  The 
harbor,  formerly  among  the  best  on  the  coast,  is 
now  nearly  choked  up  with  sand.    Boulogne  has 


B  O  U 

always  been  a  favourite  place  of  resort  lor  Eng- 
lish emigrants,  22  m.  S.  Calais.  45  N.  Abbevilie, 
154  N.  by  W.  Paris.     Pop.  10,140. 

Bologne,  t.  France,  40  m.  S.  W.  Toulouse. 

Bouloire,  t.  France,  8  m,  W.  N.  W.  St.  Calais, 

Boundbrook,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Raritan,  7  m.  above  New-Brunswick. 

Bovolenta,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Baccliiglione,  7  m.  S. 
E.  Padua. 

BouquenoTH,  t.  France,  45  m.  E.  Metz.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Bourbon,  an  island  in  the  Indian  ocean,  about 
400  m.  E.  Madagascar.  It  is  48  miles  long,  and 
36  broad,  and  is  composed  of  two  mountains.  In 
the  smallest  or  southern  one,  volcanic  fires  are 
still  raging.  Coffee  has  long  been  the  staple  pro- 
duct of  Bourbo.i.  The  tobacco  grown  here  is  of 
good  quality.  The  forests  contain  wood  fit  for 
ship-building;  also  aloes,  ebony,  palm,  with  a  va- 
riety of  trees  that  afford  odoriferous  gums  and  res- 
ins. Earthquakes  are  unknown  here  ;  but  it  is 
subject  to  violent  hurricanes,  which  injure  the 
crops,  often  throw  down  houses,  root  up  trees, 
and  occasion  the  destruction  of  shipping.  The 
population  has  been  variously  stated  from  20,000 
to  90,000.     Lon.  55°  20'  E.  Lat.  21°  S. 

Bourbon,  co.  Ken.  lying  between  Licking  and 
Kentucky  rivers.  Pop,  18,009.  Slaves,  4,169. 
Chief  t.  Paris. 

Bourbon  V Archambaud.,  t.  France,  14  m.  W. 
Moulins. 

Bourbon  L'Ancy,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire, 
36  m.  S.  W.  Autun. 

Bourboi\ne  les  Bains,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Marne,  30  m.  S.  E.  Chaumont.  Lon.  5°  50'  E. 
Lat.  47°  57'  N. 

Bourbonnois,  a  province  of  Old  France,  now 
forms  the  department  of  the  Allier. 

Bourbon'' s  river,  a  branch  of  the  Maramek,  in 
St.  Louis  co,  Missouri, 

Bourbon-Vendee,  t,  France,  cap.  of  Vendee,  on 
the  Yon,  33  m.  N,  W.  Fontenay  le  Peuple,  266  S. 
W.  Paris. 

Bourbourg,  t.  France,  2^  m.  S.  E.  Gravelines, 
14  N.  W.  St.  Omer. 

Bourbriac,  t.  France,  in  Cote  du  Nord,  18  m. 
W.  St.  Brieux, 

Bourchemin,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower 
Canada,  33  m.  E.  Montreal. 

Bourdeaux,  city,  and  s-p.  France,  cap.  of  Gi- 
ronde,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  16  leagues 
from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  university  founded  in 
1441 ;  an  academy  of  arts  and  sciences,  instituted 
in  1712,  which  has  a  librarj'  of  20,000  volumes  ; 
and  an  academy  of  painting,  sculpture,  and  ar- 
chitecture, founded  in  1670. 

The  inland  commerce,  carried  on  through  the 
Garonne  and  Dordogne,  is  very  extensive  ;  and 
the  maritime  commerce  is,  next  to  that  of  filar- 
seilles,  the  greatest  in  France.  The  tide  rises  to 
the  height  of  12  feet,  so  that  large  merchant  ves- 
sels, and  even  frigates,  can  come  up  close  to  the 
town.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  wine  and 
brandy,  with  Britain,  Ireland,  Holland,  Sweden, 
Denmark,  the  Hanse  towns,  and  other  northern 
states.  The  principal  imports  are,  from  England, 
woollen  stuffs,  tin,  lead,  coal,  herrings,  salted 
flesh,  leather,  dye  stuffs,  and  different  kinds  of 
provisions ;  from  Holland,  Denmark,  and  Swe- 
den, staves,  deals,  timber  for  ship  building,  hemp, 
pitch,  copper  and  cheese.  The  intercourse  with 
t.lre.  United  State?  is  very  frequent,  and  is  yearly 


16 


B  O  U 


121 


en  the  increasa     325  m.  S.  W.  Paris.    Lon.  0° 
33'  59"  W.  Lat.  44°  50'  15"  N.     Pop.  92,374. 

Bourdeaux,  v.  France,  28  m.  S.  E.  Valence. 

Bourdeiile,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  W.  Perigueux. 

Bourg  Jirgental,  t.  France,  35  m.  S.  W,  Lyons. 

Bourgd'AuK,  s-p.  France,  18  m.  W.  Abbeville. 

Bourg  en  Bresse,  t.  France,  in  Ain.  Pop, 
7,300.  ^20  m.  E.  Macon.  Lon.  5°  13'  45"  E.  Lat. 
46°  12'  26"  N. 

Bourg-Deols,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Indre,  i 
league  N.  Chateaureux. 

Bourg-Lastie,  t.  France,  25  m.  W.  Clermont- 
Ferrand. 

Bourglois,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co,  Lower- 
Canada,  25  m.  W.  Quebec. 

Bourgmarie,  East,  seigniory,  Buckingham  and 
Richlieu  counties,  Lower-Canada,  36  m.  S.  Three- 
Rivers. 

Bourgmarie,  West,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co. 
Lower-Canada,  35  m.  N.  E.  Montreal, 

Bourg  sur  M^r,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Dordogne  and  Garonne,  15  m.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux, 

Bourg  d' Oisaiii,  t.  France,  16  m.  S.E.  Grenoble. 

Bourg  de  Pcage,  t.  France,  1  m.  N.  Valence. 

Bourganeuf,  t.  France,  25  m.  E.  N.E,  Lijnogae. 
Lon.  1°  50'  E.  Lat.  45°  57' N. 

Bourg es,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Cher,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Evre  and  Auron.  It  has  manufactures  of 
silk,  woollen,  and  cotton  stuffs,  stockings,  caps, 
and  other  articles  of  clothing.  The  chief  object* 
of  trade  are  corn,  wine,  cattle,  wool,  hemp,  and 
cloth.  It  was  anciently  called  Avaricum,  and  Bf- 
ierw3.rds  Biturigo'..  36m.N.W.  Nevers,  155  S.  Pa- 
ris. Lon.  2°  23' 55"  E.  Lat.  47°  5'  4"  N.  Pop.16,400, 

Bourget,  t.  Savoy,  4  m.  S.  W.  Aix,  7  N.  E. 
Chamberry. 

Bourgnevf,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  22  m, 
S.  W.  Nantes. 

Bourgoin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  25  m.  E,  S,  E. 
Lyons. 

Bourgueif,  t.  France,  25  m.  S.  W,  Tours.  Lon, 
0°  15' W.  Lat.  47°  17' N. 

Bourlos,  lake,  Egypt,  between  theDamietta  and 
Rosetta  branohes  of  tlie  Nile,  about  40  miles  long. 
The  town  Bourlos,  is  30  m.  E.  Rosetta.  Bourlos 
Cape,  is  opposite  the  E.  extremity  of  the  lake. 
Lon.  31°  16'  E.  Lat.  31°  29'  N. 

Bourmonf,  t.  France,  on  the  Maese,  22  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Chaumont. 

Bournabat,  v.  A.  Turkey,  3  m.  fr.  Smyrna. 

Bourne,  t.  Eng.  36  m.  S.  Lincoln. 

Bourne,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Avon,  at  Salis- 
bury. 

Bouro,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  75  miles 
long,  by  38  broad,  and  exceedingly  fruitful  in  rice, 
sago,  flour,  oranges,  lemons,  citrous,  other  fruits, 
pepper,  and  the  cayuputi  tree,  from  which  the  na- 
tives obtain  much  cayuputi  oil  by  distilling  the 
leaves.  Fine  timber  grows  on  this  island,  and 
many  kinds  of  beautiful  wood,  besides  black  and 
white  ebony,  which  are  sought  by  the  Dutch  cab- 
inet makers.  On  the  N.  E.  coast  there  is  a  spa- 
cious bay,  Avith  a  good  harbor,  called  Cayeli  Road, 
much  frequented  by  English  whalers,  55  m.  W. 
Ambovna.  The  Dutch  fort  stands  in  lon.  12°  4' 
E.  lat.  3°  24'  S. 

Bourtang,  t.  and  fort,  Netherlands,  in  Groning-  . 
en,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Winschoten. 

Bourth,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  6  m.  N.  W.  Ver- 
neuil. 

Boussa,  t.  central  Africa,  on  the  Ni^er,  E.  of 
Tombuctoo. 

Boiissac,  t.  Fcau«e.  18  m.  W.  M«nt-I.uson 


122 


B  O  Z 


BousSille,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  25m.  W.  An- 
gers. 

Bouton,  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Celebes,  85 
miles  long,  by  20  to  30  broad.  The  town  of  Bou- 
ton is  in  Ion.  122°  30'  E.  lat.  5°  28'  S. 

Boutonne,  r.  France,  joins  the  Charente,  6  m. 
E,  Rochefort. 

Boutteville,  t.  France,  45  ni.  E.  Orleans. 

Bouzonville,  t.  France,  19  m.  N.  E.  Metz. 

Bou;  or  Stratford  le  Bow,  v.  Eng.  iu  Middlesex, 
on  the  Lea,  4  ra.  E.  London. 

Bom?,  t.  Rockingham  co.  on  the  Merrimack,  6  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Concord.     Pop.  729. 

Baivdoin,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  20  m.  W. 
Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,649. 

Bowdoinham,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  15  m.  W. 
Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,412. 

Bowerbank,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N. 
W.  Bangor. 

Bowers,  p-v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

Boioers,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

Bowes,  t.  Eng.  Yorkshire. 

Bow  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  141° 
12- W.  Lat.  18°  23' S. 

Bowling,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.     Pop.  2,226. 

Bowling-green,  p-v.  and  cap.  Caroline  co.  Va. 
48  ra.  N.  Richmond. 

Bowling-green,  p-v.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Ken. 
about  30  m.  E.  Russelville.  It  has  a  bank.  Pop. 
155. 

Bowlinggreen,  t.  Licking  co,  Ohio,E.  of  Newark. 

Bowness  or  Bullness,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  10 
m.  from  Carlisle. 

Bowyer^s  bluff,  the  W.  point  of  Washington  har- 
bour in  Green  bay,  Lake  Michigan,  85  m.  N.  E. 
Fort-Howard,  99  S.  W.  Mackinaw.  The  bankfor 
many  rods  in  extent  presents  a  surface  of  naked 
lime-stone,  rising  perpendicularly  from  the  lake 
to  the  height  of  40  or  50  feet.  Recesses  are  worn 
in  it  by  the  waves,  and  its  base  is  strewed  with 
fragments  of  rocks,  so  that  it  resembles  the  ruins 
of  an  ancient  cattle. 

Bowyersiille,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va, 

Box,  v.  Eng.  Wiltshire,  7  m.  from  Chippenham. 

Boxborough,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  30  m.  N.  W. 
Boston.     Pop.  388. 

Boxford,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  5  m.  from  Sudbury. 

Boxford,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Merrimack,  14  ni.  above  Newburyport,  15  N. 
W.  Salem.     Pop.  880, 

Boxmeer,  v.  Netherlands,  24  m,  E.  Bois-le-Duc. 

Boxtel,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Brabant,  on 
the  Dommel,  5  m.  S.  Bois-le-Duc. 

Boyd's  creek,  p-v.  Sevier  co.  Ten. 

Boyd's  creek,  Louisiana,  runs  into  tlie  Missisip- 
pi,  lat.  31°  50'  N. 

Boyd' s-Janding,  p-v.  Caldwell  co.  Illinois. 

Boydstown,  p-v.  and  cap.  Mecklenburg.  Va. 

Boyle,  i.  Ireland,  in  Roscommon,  18  m.  S.  Sli- 

Boyle,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee  river, 
15  m.  N.  W.  Canandaigua.     Pop.  2,860. 

Boylston,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  7  m.  N.  E. 
Worcester.     Pop.  800. 

Boylston,  West,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  7  m.  N. 
Worcester,  44  W.  Boston.     Pop.  632. 

Boyne,  r.  Ireland,  falls  into  the  Irish  channel  4 
m.  below  Drogheda. 

Boyne  Islands,  or  Island  of  Benodet,  near  Ker- 
gueleu's  Land.     Lon.  68°  47*^  E.  Lat.  49°  49'  S. 

Boyolallie,  t.  Java,  44  m.  from  Samarang. 

Bozrah.  or  Bczer,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  Reu- 
benites  ;  another,  the  capital  of  Edom. 


BRA 

Bozrah,  t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  about  5  m.  W. 
Norwich.     Pop.  960. 

Boszo,  r.  Italy,  in  Milan,  issues  from  the  Lago 
Maggiore,  and  runs  into  the  lake  of  Chivra. 

Bozzolo,  t.  Italy,  in  Mantua,  on  the  Oglio,  IS 
m.  W.  Mantua,  26  E.  Cremona.  Lon.  10°  29'  36" 
E.  Lat.  45°  6'  N. 

Bra,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Stura,  opposite  Che- 
rasco.  Pop.  in  1802,  10,400  :  10  m.  S.  E.  Car- 
riiagnola.    Lon.  7°  53'  E.  Lat.  44°  43'  N. 

Brabant,  Duchy  of,  province,  Netherlands, 
bounded  N.  by  Holland  and  Guelderland,  W.  by , 
Zealand  and  Flanders,  S.  by  Hainault  and  Namur, 
E.  by  Liege  and  Guelderland.  It  formerly  be- 
longed partly  to  the  house  of  Austria,  and  partly 
to  the  United  Provinces,  and  was  divided  into 
Spanish  or  Austrian,  and  Dutch  Brabant.  The 
south  part  of  it  is  known  by  the  name  of  Walloon- 
Brabant  :  in  it  the  prevailing  language  is  a  spe- 
cies of  corrupted  French,  while  in  the  northern  di- 
vision the  common  people  use  the  Flemish ;  but 
the  higher  classes  throughout  speak  pure  French. 
Brabant  is  divided  into  the  quarters  of  Louvain, 
Brussels,  Antwerp,  and  Bois-le-Duc. 

Braborg,  v.  Sweden,  in  E.  Gothland,  24  m.  E. 
Nordkoping. 

Bracadale,  v.  Scotland,  in  the  isle  of  Skye. 
Lon.  6°  23'  W.  Lat.  57°  22'  N. 

Bracciano,  t.  Ecclesiastical  states,  on  the  lake 
of  Bracciano.     Lon.  12°  15'  E-  Lat.  42°  5'  N. 

Bracevilky  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.  W 
Warren, 

Bracht,  v.  Prussian  states,  6  m.  W.  Cologne. 

Brackenheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  18  m.  N.  Stutt- 
gard. 

Bracken,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  3,706  ; 
slaves  358.     Chief  t.  Augusta. 

Brackley,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton,  13  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Northampton. 

Bradano,  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Ta- 
ranto. 

B ruddock'' s field.  Pa.  the  place  where  Braddock 
was  slain  in  an  ambush  of  Indians,  July  1755,  on 
Turtle  cAek,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Pittsburg. 

Braddock' s  bay,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario, 
up  5  m.  W.  of  the  entrance  of  Genesee  river.  It  sets 
about  4  miles  into  the  towns  of  Gates  and  Parma. 

Brad/ield,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  W.  Shef- 
field.    Pop.  4,354. 

Bradford,t  Eng.  in  Wilts,  on  the  Avon,  7  m.  S.  E, 
Bath.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  su- 
perfine broad  cloth.     Pop.  6,435. 

Bradford  orBradforth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10 
m.  W.  Leeds.  Manufactures  of  worsted  stuffs  are 
carried  on  here,  more  extensively  than  in  any 
other  part  of  the  kingdom.     Pop.  7,767. 

Bradford,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  20  m.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,034. 

Bradford,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  7  m.  below  Newbury.     Pop.  1,302. 

Bradford,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Merrimack,  opposite  Haverhill,  10  m.  above 
Newburyport ;  28  N.  Boston.  Pop.  1,369.  Ves- 
sels of  considerable  burthen  are  built  here.  Great 
quantities  of  leather  shoes  are  made  for  exporta*- 
tion.  Bradford  academy  is  highly  respectable, 
and  contains  at  present  about  120  pupils. 

Bradford,  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susquehannah.  Chief 
t.  Meansville. 

Brading,  v.  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isle  of  Wighti 

Bradleyhall,  p-v.  Prince- William  co.  Va. 

Bradley,  JS'orth,  t.  Eng.  Wiltshire.,  3  m.  S. 
Trowbridge. 


BRA 


BRA 


123 


BrttdleyvUle,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  40  in.  N.  E. 
Montpelier. 

BradleysviUe,  p-v.  Litchfield  co  Ct. 

Brudninch,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Exeter. 

BradshaWf  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire. 

Bradwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  3  m.  fr.  Tides- 
■well. 

Braemar,  a  mountainous  district,  Scotland,  in 
the  S.  W.  part  of  Aberdeen  county. 

Braga,  city,  Portugal,  capital  of  Entre-Douro- 
e-Minho,  on  the  Este.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  arch- 
bishop, who  is  primate  of  the  kingdom.  Its  hat- 
manufactory  supplies  a  great  part  of  Portugal.  27 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Porto,  80  N.  Coimbra.  Lon.  8°  5'  W; 
Lat.  41°  33'xN.     Pop.  13,000. 

Braga,  Archbishopric  of,  forms  the  third  divis- 
ion of  the  province  of  Entre-Douro-e-Minho,  in 
Portugal.     Pop.  in  1810,  638,102. 

Braganza^  i.  Portugal,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
kingdom,  is  situated  on  the  Fervensa,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Tras-los-Montes,  30  m.  N.  W.  Miranda- 
de-Duero.  Lon.  6°  23'  W.  Lat.  41°  44'  N.  Pop. 
2,900. 

Bragansa,  J^ova.     See  Aveiro. 

Brahestadt,  t.  Russia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Both- 
nia, 33  m.  S.  S.  W.  Uleaborg.     Lat.  64°  41'  N. 

Brahilow,  t.  Turkey,  in  Walachia,  with  a  strong 
citadel  on  the  Danube,  130  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bender. 
Lon.  28°  16'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N. 

Braidalbin,  district,  Scotland,  in  Perthshire, 
about  33  miles  long,  by  31  broad. 

Brainerd,  one  of  the  missionary  stations  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners,  among  the 
Cherokees.  It  is  in  the  state  of  Tennessee,  on 
the  Chickamaugah  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river,  50  m.  S.  S.  W.  Washington  in  Ten. 
100  E.  N.  E.  Huntsville,  140  W.  S.  W.  KnoxviUe. 
Lat.  350  2'  N.  Lon.  85°  25'  W.  The  establishment 
was  made  in  1817,  and  has  been  remarkably  pros- 
pered. In  1820,  houses  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  missionaries,  a  school-house,  a  ware-house, 
and  other  buildings,  had  been  erected,  and  a  farm 
of  60  acres  brought  under  cultivation.  Besides 
instruction  in  reading  writing,  arithmetic,  and 
thei  principles  of  religion,  the  young  Cherokees 
are  here  taught  the  most  useful  arts  of  civilized 
life.  The  boys  learn  the  use  of  the  hoe  and  axe  ; 
while  the  girls  employ  themselves  at  the  spinning 
wheel  and  the  needle.  They  manifest  a  facility 
in  acquiring  knowledge,  good  order  in  their  be- 
haviour, and  gratitude  to  their  instructors.  See 
Cherokees. 

Brainerd' shridge,  p-v.  in  Nassau,  Rensselaer  co. 
N.  Y. 

Braine,  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  Soissons. 

Braine  VAUu,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Braine  le  Comte. 

Braine  le  Comte,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault, 
15  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mons,  16  S.  S.  W.  Brussels. 

Braintree,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  11  m.  N.  E.  Chelms- 
ibrd. 

Braintree,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  21  m.  S.  Montpc- 
Uer.     Pop.  850. 

Braintree,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  on  a  bay,  8  m. 
S.  Boston.  Pop.  1,351.  It  is  the  birth-place  of 
John  Adams,  the  second  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Braintree,  (JVew,)  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
W.Worcester,  58  W.  Boston.     Pop.  912. 

Braintrem,  p-v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa,  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  50  m.  above  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  904. 


Bralin,  t.  Silesia,  8  m.  E.  Warte^iberg.  Lon, 
17°  55'  E.  Lat.  55°  18'  N. 

Bramant,  t.  Savoy,  on  tlie  riv^r  Arc,  42  m.  E. 
by  S.  Chamberry. 

Bramber,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  Sussex. 

Bramham,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  Weth. 
erby. 

Bramley,  i.  Eng.  in  Surrey. 

Bramley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  from  Leeds. 

Brampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,'  6  m.  N.  Cai'- 
lisle. 

Brampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  4  m.  W.  Ches- 
terfield. 

Brampton  Bieralow,  t.Eng.  Yorkshire,  5  m.  from 
Rotherham. 

Bramstede,  v.  Denmark,  21  m.  N.  Hamburg. 

Bran,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Tay  near  Dun- 
keld. 

Brancaleone,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  9  m. 
S.  E.  Bova. 

Brancaster,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk. 

Branco  de  Malambo,  t.  New  Grenada,  on  the 
river  Madalena,  75  m.  N.  Carthagena.  Lon.  75° 
30' W.  Lat.  11°  40' N, 

Brand,  t.  Saxony,  2  m.  S.  Freyberg. 

Brandeis,  t,  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  13  m.E.  N. 
E.  Prague. 

Brandenburg,  Mark,  or  Marquisate  of,  tlie  most 
important  of  the  Prussian  states,  and  the  basis  of 
the  monarchy,  has  Brunswick  and  Hanover  on 
the  W.  Mecklenburg  and  Pomerania  on  the  N.  the 
grand  duchy  of  Posen  on  the  E.  and  Silesia,  with 
a  part  of  Saxony,  Anhalt,  and  Magdeburg,  on  the 
S.  It  is  divided  into  the  electoral  and  the  New 
Mark  ;  the  former  comprehends  the  Old  Mark, 
the  Priegnitz,  the  Middle  Mark,  and  the  Ucker 
Mark.  The  principal  towns  are,  in  the  Old  Mark, 
Stendal  ;  in  the  Middle  Mark,  Berlip,  Branden- 
burg, Potsdam,  and  Frankfort  on  the  Oder ;  in 
the  Ucker  Mark,  Prenzlau  ;  in  the  New  Mark, 
Custrin,  and  in  the  Mark  of  Priegnitz,  Perleberg. 
The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  Lutherans, 
the  remainder  Calvinists.  Pop.  in  1801,  inclu- 
ding the  military,  1,100,000.  The  arts  and  sci- 
ences are  more  cultivated  here  than  in  any  other 
part  of  the  Prussian  monarchy.  Berlin  is  both 
the  residence  of  the  court  and  the  centre  of  lite- 
rary establishments. 

Brandenburg,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  Middle  Mark 
of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Plavel,  31  m.  W.  Berlin* 
Pop.  13,000. 

Brandts,  t.  Saxony,  9  m.  E.  Leipsic. 

Brandis,  v.  Switzerland,  11  m.  E.  N.  E.  Berne. 

Brandon,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  5  m.  from  Thet- 
ford. 

Brandon,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek, 
12  m.  N.  Rutland,  40  S.  W.  Montpelier!  Pop- 
1,375. 

Brandsoe,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt.  Lon. 
9°  44'  E.  Lat.  55°  22'  N. 

Brandy  Pots,  islands  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  103 
m.  below  Quebec,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  Sa- 
guenay  river. 

Brandywine,  t.  Cl>ester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,257. 

Brandywine  hundred,  New-Castle  co.  Del.  Pop. 
2,257. 

Brandywine  creek,  Delaware,  runs  S.  40  miles, 
and  joins  Christiana  creek  at  Wilmington.  In  the 
course  of  25  miles  it  descends  300  feet.  The  Bran- 
dywine flour  mills  are  at  a  small  village  3  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  creek.  They  are  12  in 
number,   capable  of  grinding  annually  400,000 


124 


BRA 


B  R  E 


bushels  of  grain,  and  employ  about  200  persons. 
By  machines,  the  wheat  is  raised  from  the  vessel's 
deck  to  the  upper  loft  of  the  mill,  and  is  returned 
in  flour  on  the  lower  floor.  A  cargo  is  often  laden 
at  the  mills,  and  carried  to  Philadelphia,  27  miles, 
in  one  day.  The  Brandywine  gunpowder  is  cele- 
brated. The  whole  No.  of  mills  on  this  creek  in 
1810,  was  130.  A  battle  was  fought  at  Chadd's- 
ford  between  the  British  and  Americans,  Sept.  11, 
1777,  after  which  the  Americans  retreated. 

Branford,  p-t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  on  Long- 
Island  Sound,  10  m.  E.  New-Haven.     Pop.  1,932. 

Branzk,  t.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  16  m.  W. 
Bielsk. 

Braniome,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Perigueux. 

Branton.     See  Braunton. 

Braschiri's  creek,  Ken.  runs   into  Salt  river,  in 
Shelby  county. 
.  Brasil.     See  Brazil. 

Braslur,  t.  Russia,  76  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wilna. 

Braspars,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  8  m^.  N.  Cha- 
teau-Lin. 

Brassay.    See  Bressay. 

Brassac,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  9  m.  S.  Is- 
soire ;  another  in  Tarn,  1 1  m.  E.  Castres. 

Bratsos,  r.  Mexico,  rises  in  34°  N.  lat.  and  105° 
W.  Ion,  and  entering  the  province  of  Texas,  dis- 
charges itself  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico  in  28°  40'  N. 
lat.  after  a  course  of  700  miles. 

Bratskoi,  t.  Siberia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Angara, 
140  m.  N,  E.  Nischney  Udinsk. 

BraUian,  t.  West  Prussia,  48  m.  E.  Culn. 

Brattleboro,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  36  m.  E.  Bennington,  41  above  North- 
ampton, 96  W,  N.  W,  Boston.  Pop.  1,891. 

Bratton,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  3  m.  E.  N.  £. 
Westbury. 

Bratzlav,  t.  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bog. 
ton.  28°  55' E.  Lat.  48°  50'  N. 

Brava,  s-p.  E.  Africa.  Lon.  44°  10'  E.  L  at.  1° 
12- N. 

Braubach,  i.  Germany,  on  the  Rhine,  10  m.  W. 
^Nassau. 

Braughin,  v.  En^.  in  Hertfordshire,  28  m.  N. 
London. 

Braulio,  the  highest  of  the  Rhcetian  Alps,  near 
Bormio,  on  the  borders  of  the  Tyrol. 

Braunau,  fortified  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the 
Inn,  60  m.  N.  E.  Munich.  Lon.  12°  56'  45"  E. 
Lat.  48°  14'  N. 

Brau7iau,  t.  Bohemia,  25  m.  E.  Koningsgratz. 
Lon.  16°  9'  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Braunsdorf,  t.  Saxony,  11  m.  N.  E.  Freyberg. 

Brawiseiffen,  t  Moravia,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ol- 
mutz. 

Braunton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Barnstaple. 

Bravo  Rio.     Sec  Norte,  Rio  del. 

Bray,  v.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  on  the  Thames,  25 
m.  from  London. 

Bray,  s-p.  Ireland,  10  m.  from  Dublin. 

Bray  sur  Seine,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  10  m. 
•S.  S.  W.  Provins. 

Bray  sur  Somme,  t.  France,  15  m.  E.  Amiens. 

Brasil,  an  extensive  country  of  S.  America,  ex- 
tending from  the  Amazon,  almost  to  the  La  Plata. 
It  includes  more  than  one  third  of  South  America, 
and  is  bounded  N.  by  Guiana  and  the  Atlantic  ; 
E.  by  the  Atlantic  ;  on  the  S.  it  comes  to  a  point ; 
on  the  W.  are  Peru  and  Buenos  Ayres.  It  is  di- 
vided info  ]  1  districts,  called  capitanias,  viz.  Para, 
Maranham,  Seara,  Pemambuco,  Bahia,  Minas 
Geraes,  Rio  Janeiro,  St,  Paul,  Rio  Grande,  Goy- 


az,  and  Matto  Grosso.  A  ridge  of  mountains  runs 
along  the  coast  from  lat.  10°  to  lat.  30°  S.  The 
interior  of  the  country  is  clothed  with  the  most 
luxuriant  vegetation,  and  covered  in  many 
parts  with  an  almost  impenetrable  forest.  The 
principal  rivers  are  branches  of  the  Amazon  and 
La  Plata.  The  ridge  of  mountains  along  the  coast 
prevents  their  entrance  into  the  ocean  by  a  more 
direct  course.  The  population  is  estimated  at 
2,000,000.  It  is  composed  of  whites,  negroes,  In- 
dians, mulattoes,  and  mestizoes.  This  country 
was  formerly  a  colony,  dependent  on  Portugal,  and 
governed  by  a  viceroy  ;  but  since  1807,  the  royal 
family  of  Portugal  have  resided  here.  The  north- 
ern provinces  produce  cotton,  sugar,  coffee,  and 
tobacco  ;  the  middle  contain  the  gold  and  diamond 
districts  ;  the  southern  produce  wheat  and  cattle 
in  abundance.  The  forests  abound  with  various 
kinds  of  wood  useful  for  dyeing  and  cabinet  work. 
The  gold  and  diamonds  are  found  principally  in 
the  beds  of  the  mountain  torrents.  The  head  wa- 
ters of  the  Parana,  the  Francisco,  and  all  the  great 
rivdrs  which  flow  north  into  the  Amazon,  are  pro- 
ductive of  gold.  The  principal  diamond  district 
is  400  miles  N,  of  Rio  Janeiro.  While  Brazil 
was  a  colony,  its  commerce  was  subjected,  by  the 
government  at  home,  to  all  the  usual  restraint* 
imposed  by  the  colonial  system  of  Europe.  But 
since  the  emigration  of  the  Portuguese  court  to 
this  country,  the  old  restrictions  have  been  done 
away.  A  commercial  treaty  has  been  concluded 
with  Great  Britain,  by  which  all  the  ports  of  the 
covmtry  are  opened  to  British  vessels  and  produce, 
on  payment  of  a  duty  of  15  per  cent.  British  man- 
ufactures of  every  description  are  now  imported 
to  a  great  extent.  Portugal  continues  to  send  oil, 
wine,  brandy,  linens,  cottons,  &c,  India  and 
China  goods  are  in  great  plenty.  From  the  Uni- 
ted States  are  imported  flour,  salt  provisions,  tur- 
pentine, tar,  staves,  household  furniture,  &;c.  The 
principal  exports  are  hides,  tallow,  horn,  hair, 
feathers,  sugar,  cotton,  cofiiee,  tobacco,  and  Brazil 
wood. 

Brazza,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  opposite  Spalatro, 
in  Dalmatia,  belonging  to  Austria.     Pop.  15,000. 

Breage,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall.  Pop.  2,888.  3 
m.  N.  W.  Helston. 

Breaute,  t.  France,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Rouen. 

Brebers.     See  Barbary. 

Brecey,  t,  France,  in  La  Manche,  8  m.  N.  E. 
Avranches.     Another  7  m.  N.  W.  Mayenne, 

Brechin,  t.  Scotland,  in  Forfar  or  Angus  co.  83 
m.  N.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  2°  18'  E.  Lat.  56°  40'  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Breckenridge,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  intersected 
by  Green  river.  Pop.  3,430.  Slaves,  505.  The 
court-house  is  44  m.  fr.  Corydon,  in  Indiana. 

Breckerfeld,  t.  Prussian  states,  26  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Cologne. 

Brecknock,  co.  S.  Wales,  bounded  N,  by  Rad- 
nor, W.  by  Cardigan  and  Caermarthen,  S.  by 
Monmouth  and  Glamorgan,  and  E.  by  Hereford. 
It  contains  731  square  miles,  a  third  of  which  is 
unfit  for  cultivation.  Pop.  37,735.  Families, 
7,919,  of  which  number  4,667  are  engaged  in  ag- 
riculture, and  2,239  in  manufactures. 

Brecknock,  or  Brecon,  t.  and  cap.  of  Brecknock- 
shire, Wales,  is  at  the  confluence  of  the  Uske  and 
Honddu,  168  m.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  12'  W. 
Lat.  51°  54'  N.     Pop.  3,196. 

Brecknock,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  89Q. 

Brecknock,  t,  Berks  co.  Pa.  Pop.  495. 

Breda,  a  strong  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 


BRA 

Dutch  Brabant,  on  the  navigable  river  Merck, 
near  the  influx  of  the  Aa,  22  m.  S.  S.  E.  Rotter- 
dam.   Lon.  4°  46'  36"  E.  Lat.  51°  35'  23"  N. 

Brede,  r.  Eng.  joins  the  Rother,  near  Winchel- 
sea. 

Breda,  La,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  10  m.  S. 
Bourdeaux. 

Bredstedt,  t.  Denmark,  21  m.  W.  N.  W.  Sles- 
wick. 

Bree,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  10  m.  N.  E.  Laval. 

Breevort,  or  Bredevoort,  t.  Netherlands,  27  m. 
S.  E.  Zutphen 

Brecancon,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  6° 
19'  21"  E.  Lat.  43°  5'  28"  N. 

Bregentz,  co.  Germany,  on  the  lake  of  Con- 
stance, belonging  to  Austria.  Pop.  36,000.  Bre- 
gentz,  the  chief  town,  is  4  m.  S.  E.  Lindau.  Lon, 
9°  43'  55"  E.  Lat.  47°  30'  30"  N.  The  river  Bre- 
gentz,  falls  into  the  lake  of  Constance. 

Breglio,  t.  Sardinian  states,  18  ra.  N.  E.  Nice. 

Brdial,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  E.  Grandville. 

Brehar,  one  of  the  Scilly  islands.  Lon.  6°  47' 
VV.  Lat.  50°  2'  N. 

Brehemont,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire.,  15 
ni.  W.  Tours. 

Brehna,  t.  Prussia,  62  m.  N.  W.  Dresden. 

Breirach,  mt.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  4,220 
feet  high. 

Breitenbach,  t.  Saxony,  14  m.  S.  Erfurt. 

Breitenfeld,  v.  Saxony,  6  m.  N.  Leipsic. 

Brem,  t.  Austria,  18  m.  E.  Trieste. 

Brembato  di  Sotto,  t.  Italy,  6  m.  W.  Bergamo. 

Brembo,  r.  Italy,  joins  the  Adda,  8  m,  fr.  Ber- 


B  R  E 


125 


Bremen,  a  duchy  in  the  kingdom  of  Hanover, 
between  the  Weser  and  the  Elbe,  having  Hadeln 
on  the  N.  and  Luneburg  with  Verden  on  the  S. 
It  contains  2,200  square  miles,  and  168,504  inhab- 
itants. 

Bremen,  one  of  the  four  free  cities  of  Germany, 
lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Weser,  near  the  centre 
of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  It  was  formerly  a 
leading  member  of  the  Hanseatic  league,  and  has 
had,  since  1529,  a  celebrated  academy,  partly  Lu- 
tlierau,  partly  Calvinist.  The  trade  of  Bremen 
is  in  part  founded  on  its  manufactures  of  refined 
sugar,  cotton,  woollen  cloths,  dye  stuffs,  &:c, ;  but 
chiefly  on  the  exportation  of  the  products  of  the 
country  on  the  Weser,  and  the  importation  of 
such  foreign  goods  as  find  a  market  in  these  parts 
of  Germany.  The  city  contains  37,400  inhabi- 
tants, or  including  the  small  territory  annexed, 
48,500.  54  m.  S.  W.  Hamburgh.  Lon.  8°  48'  3" 
E.  Lat.  53°  4'  45"  N. 

Bremgarten,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  on  the 
Reuss,  10  m.  W.  Zurich,  20  N.  Lucerne. 

Brenchley,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  7  jn.  S.  E.  Tun- 
bridge. 

Brendola,  t.  Italy,  on  the  river  Bacchiglione,  7 
m.  S.  W.  Vicenza. 

Brenets,  v,  Switzerland,  10  m.  N.  W.  Neuf- 
chatel. 

Brenner,  one  of  the  Tridentine  Alps  in  the  Ty- 
rol, between  Inspruck  and  Storzing. 

Breno,  or  Bree,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Oglio,  32  m.  N. 
Bresciano,  25  S.  Bormio. 

Brent,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Thames  at  Brent- 
ford. 

Brent,  or  South  Brent,  t.  Eng.  Devonshire,  16 
m.  E.  Plymouth. 

Brenta,  r.  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps  and  runs  into 
the  Adriatic  a  little  S.  of  Venice. 

Brentford,  t.  Eng,  in  Mid<llesex,  on  the  Thames, 
7  m.  W.  Londop. 


Brentwood,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  15  m.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  905. 

Brentwood,  or  Burntwood,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  18 
m.  E.  London. 

Brentz,  r.  Wirtemberg,  runs  into  the  Danube 
at  Laujmgen. 

Breschat,  v.  Dutch  Brabant,  6  m.  fr.  Antwerp. 

Brescia,  city,  Italy,  cap.  of  the  iiresciano,  in  a 
beautiful  plain  on  the  Garza.  Tliis  town  is  sur- 
rounded with  walls,  ditches,  and  bastions.  The 
manufactures  are  linseed  oil  and  fire  arms.  The 
other  articles  of  trade  are  silk,  flax,  wool,  linen, 
and  wine.  Pop.  48,000.  30  m.  S.  E.  Bergamo, 
54  N.  Paxma,  and  106  W.  Venice.  Lon.  10°  14' 
E.  lat.  45°  32'  N. 

Bresciano,  a  district  of  Upper  Italy,  in  Lombar- 
dy,  bounded  N.  by  Bormio  and  Trent,  E.  by  the 
lake  of  Garda,  the  Veronese,  and  the  duchy  of 
Mantua ;  S.  by  the  same  duchy  and  the  Cremon- 
ese,  and  W.  by  the  Cremasco,  the  Bergamaaco, 
and  the  Valteline.     Pop.  500,000. 

Bresins,  isl.  off  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England 

Breslau,  one  of  the  four  districts  of  the  province 
of  Silesia.  It  contains  3,674  square  miles,  and 
476,000  inhabitants.     Breslau  is  the  chief  town. 

Breslau,  cap.  of  Silesia,  is  on  the  Oder,  130  m. 
E.  Dresden.  Lon.  17°  2'  18"  E.  Lat.  51°  6'  N.  It 
is  surrounded  with  strong  walls  and  other  fortifi- 
cations. Here  are  26  Catholic  and  8  Lutheran 
churches,  and  a  Catholic  University,  which  has 
14  professors  and  400  students.  The  trade  is  very 
considerable.  The  staple  article  is  linen,  after 
which  come  printed  cottons,  calico,  chintz,  wool- 
len stuffs,  silk,  Turkish  yarn,  and  thread.  Pop.  in 
1812,  62,789,  of  whom  3,650  were  Jews. 

Bresle,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  English  Channel 
at  Treport. 

Bresle,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  8  m.  E.  Beauvais, 

Bressay,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  about  4iJ 
miles  long  and  3  broad,  separated  from  Shetland 
by  Bressay  sound,  a  fine  harbor,  where  the  Green- 
land whale  ships  and  Dutch  herring  vessels  fre- 
quently rendezvous.  Lon.  1°  12'  W.  Lat.  60°  14* 
N. 

Bresse,  a  province,  France,  included,  since  the 
revolution,  in  the  department  of  the  Aisne. 

Bressuire,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  14  m.  S. 
E.  Chatillon. 

Brest,  s-p.  France,  in  Finisterre,  the  chief  sta- 
tion of  the  French  marine,  and  one  of  the  best 
harbors  in  Europe.  The  road  can  afford  anchor- 
age for  at  least  500  men  of  war.  The  harbor  is  in 
form  of  a  long  canal,  and  is  defended  by  a  citadel 
which  stands  on  a  steep  rock  at  the  entrance,  and 
towards  the  land  by  strong  outworks.  The  en- 
trance, which  is  from  the  southwest,  is  a  very 
narrow  and  difficult  passage.  One  of  the  cliief 
advantages  of  the  harbor  of  Brest  is,  that  vessels 
can  go  out  with  almost  any  wind.  The  principal 
public  buildings  are  the  barracks,  rope-walks, 
cloth  manufactories,  forges  and  founderies ;  the 
immense  naval  arsenal  and  dock-yard ;  the  two 
quays  which  encompjiss  the  harbor.  Pop.  24,180- 
127  m.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  4°  28'  45"  W.  Lat.  48°  23' 
14"  N. 

Breteuil,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  17  ra.  S.  W. 
E%'reux. 

Breteuil,  t.  France,  20  m.  S.  Amiens. 

Bretlgny,  v.  France,  in  Eure  and  Loire,  3^m.  fr. 
Chartres. 

Breton,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Stour,  near  Had- 
leigh. 

Breton.    See  Cape  Breton. 

Bretomvoods,  t.Coosco.N.  H.  70  m.  N.  Concord. 


136 


B  R  I 


B  R  I 


Brett,  r.  Eng.  in  Essex,  falls  into  the  Stour. 

Brett,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Isl- 
ands, in  New-Zealand.  Lon.  183°  24'  W.  Lat. 
35°  10'  S. 

Brttten,  or  Brettheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden, 
18  m.  S.  E.  Spires,  and  21  S.  Heidelberg.  - 

Bretton,  Monk,  t,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1^  m.  fr. 
Barnsley.     Bretton,  West,  6  m.  fr.  Barnsley. 

Brevelle,  p-L  Natchitoches  co.  Louisiana. 

Breusch,  r.  France,  runs  into  the  111. 

Brewer,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on  Penobscot 
river,  5  m.  S.  E.  Bangor. 

Brexcers  Lagoon,  bavon  the  coast  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  84°  40'  W:  Lat.  15°  48'  N. 

Brewood,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  7  m.  N.  Wol- 
verhampton. 

Brewster,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass,  on  Barnsta- 
ble-bay,  16  m.  E.  Barnstable.     Pop.  1,112. 

Brewton.     See  Bruton. 

Brese,  t.  France,  in  Maine-q^d-Loire,  5  m.  S. 
Saumur. 

BrezoUes,  t.  France,  in  the  Eure-and-Loire,  22 
m.  N.  W.  Chartres. 

Briaden,  t.  Syria,  100  m.  N.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Briam-on,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps.  Being 
seated  on  the  principal  road  across  the  Alps  from 
France  to  Piedmont,  it  is  a  barrier  fortress  of  the 
first  importance,  and  is  considered  impregnable. 
60  m.  E.  S.  E.  Grenoble.  Lon.  6°  43'  E.  Lat. 
44°  54'  N. 

Brianconnet,  t.  Savoy,  on  the  Isere,  near  Mou- 
tiers. 

Briansk,  t.  Russia,  in  Orel,  95  m.  N.  W.  Orel. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Briar  creek,  G  eo.  rises  about  40  m.  W,  Augus- 
ta, and  runs  S.  E.  into  Savannah  river,  about  half 
way  between  Augusta  and  Savannah. 

Briare,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  33  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Orleans. 

Briceland  cross-roads,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

Bricherasco,  t.  Piedmont,  3  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pignerol. 

Brick,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Cashin,  10  m. 
N.  Tralee. 

Brickhoitse,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Brick-meetinghouse,  p-v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

Bricky,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  bay  of  Dun- 
garvan. 

Bride,  r.  Ireland,  falls  into  the  Black- water. 

Bridgebranch,  or  Bridgeville,  p-v.  Sussex  co, 
Del. 

Bridgeford,  v.  Eng.  10  m.  E.  N.  E.  Nottingham. 

Bridgehampton,  p-v.  in  Southampton,  Suffolk 
CO.  N.  Y. 

Bridgend,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan,  20  m.'W. 
Cardiff. 

Bridgeness,  s-p.  Scotland,  on  the  Frith  of  Forth, 
17  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Bridgenorfh,  t.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  on  the  Sev- 
ern. It  is  an  ancient  royal  borough,  and  sends 
two  members  to  parliament.  20  m.  E,  S.  E. 
Shrewsbury.  Lon.  2°  80'  W.  Lat.  52°  38'  N. 
Pop.  4,179. 

Bridgeport,  s-p.  and  bor.  in  the  township  of 
Stratford  Ct.  on  Long-Island  Sound,  3i  m.  W. 
Stratford,  I7i  S.  W.  New-Haven.  Pop.  1,089.  It 
has  a  bank,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for Congregationalists.  Ship- 
ping in  1815,  1,414  tons, 

Bridgeport,  p-v.  Harrison  co,  Va. 

Bridgeport,  t,  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Mononga- 
hela,  separated  by  Dunlap's  creek,  from  Browns- 
ville, which  see. 

Bridgetown,  cap.  of  Barbadoes,  on  the  S.  W. 


soast  of  the  island,  on  the  bay  of  Carlisle,  which 
is  large  enough  to  contain  500  ships.  It  is  esteem- 
ed one  of  the  finest  cities  in  the  West  Indies,  but 
has  suffered  severely  at  different  times  both  from 
fires  and  hurricanes,  especially  from  the  dreadful 
storm  of  the  10th  October,  1780,  in  which  above 
4000  of  the  inhabitants  perished.  Lon.  58°  38^ 
W.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 

Bridgetown,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  39  m. 
N.  W.  Portland. 

Bridgetown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
on  Cohauzie  creek,  20  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
Delaware  bay,  50  m.  S.  S.  E.  Philadelphia.  The 
river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  100 
tons.  Shipping  in  1815,  14,493  tons.  Here  arc 
a  courthouse  and  jail,  a  bank,  and  an  academy. 

Bridgetown,  t.  Queen- Anne  co.  Md.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Tuckahoe,  8  m.  E.  Centreville. 

Bridgetown,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  Chester  river, 
18  m.  above  Chester,  45  E.  Baltimore. 

Bridgewater,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  on  the 
Parret,  12  miles  from  the  sea.  The  river  is  navi- 
gable to  this  place  for  vessels  of  200  tons..  44  m. 
S.  W.  Bristol.  Lon.  2°  59'  W.  Lat  51°  7'  N. 
Pop.  4,911. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Mer- 
rimack, 28  m.  N.  N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,102. 

Bridgewater,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  17  m.  N.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,154. 

Bridgewater,  p-t  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  22  m.  S. 
Boston.  Pop.  5,155.  Large  quantities  of  hard- 
ware, nails,  &c.  are  manufactured  here.  There 
is  an  academy  in  the  south  Parish. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S. 
Utica.     Pop.  1,170. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,418. 

Bridgewater,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  3  m,  N. 
Boundbrook.     Pop.  2,906. 

Bridlington.     See  Burlington. 

Bridport,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire.  Its  chief 
manufactures  are  cordage,  sailcloth,  nets,  and 
twines  of  all  descriptions.  15  m.  W.  Dorchester. 
Lon.  2°  51'  W.  Lat  50°  41'  N. 

Bridport,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  lake  Cham- 
plain,  opposite  Crown-Point,  5  m.  W.  Middlebury. 
Pop.  1,520. 

Brie,  district  of  Old  France,  now  included  in 
the  department  of  tlie  Seine  and  Marne. 

Brie,  Comts-Robert,  t  France,  16  m.  E.  Paris. 
Pop.  2,600. 

Briec,  t.  France,  in  Finisterrc,  6  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Quimper. 

Brieg,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Oder.  The  commerce 
of  the  town  is  considerable,  as  are  its  manufac- 
tures of  hats,  stockings,  and  woollen  stuffs,  24  m. 
S.  E.  Breslau.  Lon.  17°  30'  E.  Lat  50°  48'  N. 
Pop.  8,700. 

Brieg,  t.  in  the  Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  28  m.  E. 
Sion. 

Briel,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  N.  side  of  tlie  isl- 
and of  East  Voorn,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Maese. 
It  has  a  large  and  commodious  harbor.  13  m.  S. 
W.  Rotterdam .     Pop.  3,200. 

Brienne,  t  France,  in  Aube,  14  m.  N.  W.  Bar. 

Brieno,  v,  Italy,  on  the  lake  of  Como. 

Brientz,  v.  Switzerland,  22  m.  S.  E.  Bern. 

Brietzen,  i.  Prussia,  on  the  Oder,  32  m.  E.  Bei  - 
lin.     Pop.  4,000. 

Brietzen,  t.  Prussia,  34  m.  S.  W.  Berlin. 

Brig.     See  Glandford  Brig. 

Briga,  La,  t.  Sardinian  states,  22  m.  N.  E. 
Nice. 

Brighthelmstone,  or  Brighton,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Sue- 


B  R  I 

sex,  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay  formed  by  Beachy 
Head  and  Worthing  Point,  in  the  English  chan- 
nel. It  is  one  of  the  most  fashionable  places  of 
resort,  particularly  for  sea-bathing,  in  the  king- 
dom. The  inhabitants  subsist  chiefly  by  the  re- 
sort of  company  and  the  produce  of  the  fishery. 
54  m.  S.  London.     Pop.  12,012. 

Brighton,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  5  m.  W.  Bos- 
ton. Pop.  608.  Here  the  cattle  are  driven  for 
the  supply  of  Boston  market.  The  Brighton 
Cattle-show  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural  Society.  Stalls  are  erected 
for  the  cattle,  and  a  building  70  feet  by  36  for  the 
exhibition  of  Domestic  Manufactures.  Brighton 
has  many  elegant  country-seats. 

Brighton,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Genesee  river,  at  its  mouth,  24  m,  N.  W.  Ca- 
nandaigua.  In  this  town  is  the  new  village  of 
Carthage,  and  part  of  Rochester. 

Brighton,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  at  the  fells  of  Big- 
beaver  creek. 

Brightside  Bierlow,  or  Brightside  Ecclesall,  t. 
Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  adjoining  Sheffield.  Pop. 
6,569. 

Brignais,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  Lyons. 
Brignolles,  t.  France,  in  Var,  20  m.  N.  Toulon. 
Pop.  9,000. 

Brihuega,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  40  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Madrid. 

Brilon,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  province 
of  Westphalia,  70  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cologne. 

Brimjield,  p-t..  Hampden  co.  Mass.  19  no,  E. 
Springfield,  70  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,325. 

Brindisi,  the  ancient  Brunditsium,  s-p.  Naples, 
in  Terra  d'Otranto,  near  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  Venice,  35  m.  N.  W.  Otranto.  Lon.  17°  40'  E. 
Lat.  40°  48'  N.     Pop.  5,900. 

Brindle,  L  Eng,  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  W.  Black- 
burn. 

BrinkleysvUle,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 
Brinon  VArcheveque,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  4  m. 
W.  St.  Florentin. 

Brioni,  3  islands  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  13°  33' 
E.  Lat.  45°  3'  N. 

Brionde,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Loire,  39  m.  S.  E. 
Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  5,000. 

Briqueras,  v.  Piedmont,  5  ra.  S.  Pignerol. 
Brisach,  Old,  t.  Baden,  on  the  east  banlc  of  the 
Rhine,  between  Bale  and  Strasburg,  33  m.  S. 
Strasburg. 

Brisach,  Mic,  t.  and  strong  fortress,  France,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Rhine,  opposite  Old  Brisach, 
in  Baden,  8  m.  E.  Colmar,  33  S.  Strasburg. 

Brisgau,  an  extensive  country,  in  Germany, 
belonging,  for  the  most  part,  to  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  and  now  distributed  among  the  circles 
of  the  Wiesen,  the  Treisam,  and  the  Kinzig. 
Brissac,  t.  France,  11  m.  S.  Angers. 
Brissarthe,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Angers. 
Bristol,  city,  and  county,  Eng.  between  the 
counties  of  Gloucester  and  Somerset,  on  the 
Avon,  which  hei-e  receives  the  Frome,  and  is 
navigable  for  ships  of  great  burthen.  'This  city 
has  k>ng  been  celetirated  for  its  many  well  con- 
ducted and  extensive  charities.  Amongst  these 
are  a  spacious  infirmary,  a  Magdalen,  a  Blind  asy- 
lum, a  Friend  and  Samaritan  society,  and  many 
large  almshouses  and  charity  schools.  Among  the 
public  buildings,  are  the  exchange  in  corn-street ; 
the  commercial  rooms,  after  the  plan  of  Lloyd's 
coffee-house  in  London ;  the  merchant's  hall, 
council-house,  and  guild-hall.  It  has  manufacto- 
ries of  glass  a.nd  sugar,  and  large  distiiieries.    Its 


B  R  I 


127 


brass  works  are  the  largest  in  England,  and  near 
the  city  is  a  manufactory  of  pins,  on  a  great  scale. 
It  has  long  been  engaged  in  a  very  extensive 
foreign  trade,  chiefly  with  the  West  Indies.  Us 
commerce  with  Ireland  is  very  extensive.  Bristol 
returns  two  members  to  parliament.  About  a 
mile  W.  of  the  city,  is  the  village  of  the  Hot 
Wells,  celebrated  for  a  tepid  spring  which  has 
been  found  a  powei'ful  specific  in  various  mala- 
dies. Bristol  has  a  fine  harbor,  but  formerly  suf- 
fered great  inconvenience  from  ships  being  oblig- 
ed to  lie  aground  at  the  quays,  at  the  influx  of  ev- 
ery tide.  Within  a  few  years,  however,  this 
difficulty  has  been  completely  removed,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  nearly  600,000/.  Pop.  76,433,  but,  in- 
cluding the  out-parishes,  100,000.  117  m.  W. 
London. 

Bristol,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  13  m.  E-  Wis- 
casset.     Pop.  2,753. 

Bristol,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  25  m.  S.  W.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  1,179. 

Bristol,  CO.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by  Norfolk  co.  E, 
by  Plymouth  co.  S.  by  Buzzard's  bay,  W.  by 
Rhode-Island.  Pop.  37,168.  Chief  towns,  Taun- 
ton and  New-Bedford. 

Bristol,  CO.  R.  I.  bounded  N.  andN.  E.by  Mas- 
sachusetts, W.  by  Narraganset-bay,  E.  by  Mount 
Hope  bay.     Pop.  5,072.     Chief  t.  Bristol. 

Bristol,  s-p.  and  cap.  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Narraganset  bay,  13  m.  N.  Newport,  15 
S.  Providence.  Lat.  41°  35'  N.  Pop.  2,693.  It 
has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  and  is  a  place 
of  considerable  trade.  Shipping  in  1815,  6,944 
tons. 

Bristol,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  16  m.  W.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  1,428. 

Bristol,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  W.  Ca- 
nandaigua.     Pop.  1,540. 

Bristol,  bor.  and  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  Dela- 
ware river,  opposite  Burlington,  20  m.  above 
Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,636. 

Bristol,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  War- 
ren. 

Bristol  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
formed  by  the  peninsula  of  Alaska  on  the  S.  and 
Cape  Newnham  on  the  N.     Lat.  58°  20'  N. 

Bristol  Channel,  between  the  S.  coast  of  Wales, 
and  the  county  of  Somerset,  Devon,  and  Corn- 
wall, in  England. 

Britain,  commonly  called  Great  Britain,  lies 
between  50°  and^58A°  N.  lat.  It  is  bounded  N, 
by  the  North  sea,  'E.  by  the  German  ocean,  S.  by 
the  English  channel,  and  W.  by  St.  George's 
channel  and  the' Atlantic.  From  N.  to  S.  it  ex- 
tends  about  580  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  from 
the  North  Foreland  in  Kent,  to  the  Land's  end  in 
Cornwall,  is  about  370,  and  it  contains  87,50'.; 
square  miles. 

The  northern  part  of  the  island  is  mountainous 
The  principal  minerals  are  coal,  iron,  tin,  cop- 
per, and  lead.  The  annual  value  of  the  mineral 
products  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  is  com- 
puted at  9,000,000/. ;  and  the  annual  value  of  the 
fisheries  at  1,500,0007.  The  manufactures  com- 
prehend every  variety  of  fabric;  particularly, 
wool,  cotton,  linen,  silk,  leather,  glass,  pottery, 
iron,  and  the  various  metals.  In  1814,  the  amount 
of  foreign  wool  imported,  was  15,712,517  pounds, 
and  the  value  of  woollen  goods  exported, 
8,404,481/.  The  commerce  of  Britain  consists  al  • 
most  wholly  in  the  exchange  of  her  manufacturer 
for  the  rude  produce  of  Europe  and  America.  In 
1815,  the  value  of  the  exports  was  60j983.8!?lf. 


m 


B  R  I 


B  R  O 


The  revenue  in  1816  was  67,926,899<.  During 
the  late  war  the  army  amounted  to  640,500  men, 
and  the  navy  consisted  of  more  than  1,000  ships, 
manned  by  184,000  seamen.  The  population  in 
1810,  including  the  Hebrides,  Orkney,  and  Shet- 
land islands,  was  12,596,803;  families  2,544,215, 
of  which  1,129,049  were  employed  in  trade,  man- 
ufactures, or  handicraft,  895,998  in  agriculture, 
and  519,168  in  other  ways. 

Colonies  in  all  quarters  of  the  world  are  de- 
pendent on  the  British  islands.  Of  these,  the 
principal  are  two  military  posts  in  Europe  :  Gib- 
raltar and  Malta ;  in  Asia,  the  whole  Indian  pe- 
ninsula, from  about  23°  N.  lat.  to  Cape  Comorin, 
the  island  of  Ceylon,  New  Holland,  and  others  in 
the  Eastern  and  Southern  oceans ;  the  Canadian 
territories,  Newfoundland,  and  West  India  islands 
in  America ;  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Sierra  Le- 
one, and  Goree,  in  Africa.  The  population  of  the 
British  islands  and  their  dependencies  is  calcu- 
lated to  exceed  60  millions  of  men,  of  whom  about 
40  millions  inhabit  the  Eastern  hemisphere. 

Britain,  JVew,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon. 
148°  5'  W.  Lat.  6°  50'  S,  It  is  separated  from 
Jfew  Ireland  on  the  north  by  a  narrow  channel. 

Britain,  JVew.  The  country  lying  round  Hud- 
son's bay,  or  the  country  of  the  Esquimaux,  com- 
prehending Labrador,  New  Nortli  and  South 
Wales,  has  obtained  the  general  name  of  New 
Britain,  and  is  attached  to  the  government  of 
XiO%ver  Canada. 

It  is  a  dreary,  desolate  country.  The  surface, 
to  a  great  extent,  is  naked  rock.  The  climate  is 
so  cold,  and  the  soil  so  barren,  that  nothing  of  the 
vegetable  kind  can  flourish  here.  Wild  animals 
are  abundant.  The  j^rincipal  are  beavers,  bears, 
deer,  raccoons,  and  musquashes,  and  the  fur  trade 
is  carried  on  with  great  spirit.  On  all  the  princi- 
pal lakes,  and  at  the  mouth  and' forks  of  nearly  all 
the  considerable  rivers,  there  are  trading  houses 
established  by  the  English.  Here  the  Indians 
bring  the  furs  of  the  animals,  which  they  kill  in 
hunting,  and  sell  them  for  blankets,  guns,  pow- 
der, beads,  &c.  The  trade  is  carried  on  by  two 
companies  of  merchants  :  the  Hudson'' s  Bay  com- 
pany, and  the  JVorth-West  company.  The  trade 
of  the  former, is  confined  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
Hudson's  bay;  that  of  the  latter  extends  from 
lake  Winnipeg  to  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the 
Frozen  ocean.  The  North- West  company  is 
composed  of  Montreal  merchants.  The  usual  mode 
of  travelling,  in  tliis  country,  is  in  birch  bark  ca- 
noes. With  these  the  inhabitants  pass  up  and 
down  the  rivers  and  lakes,  and  when  they  meet 
with  a  rapid,  or  wish  to  pass  from  one  river  to  an- 
other, they  get  out  of  the  canoe  and  carry  it  on 
their  shoulders.  In  this  way,  the  men  engaged  in 
the  fur  trade  travel  thousands  of  miles,  and  carry 
all  their  goods. 

Briltany,  or  Bretagne,  before  the  revolution, 
one  of  the  largest  provinces  of  France.  It  occu- 
pied the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  kingdom,  and  was 
bounded  S.  E.  by  Poitou,  E.  by  Anjou  and  Maine, 
N.  E.  by  Normandy.  It  contained  1,775  square 
leagues,  and  2,300,000  inhabitants.  It  is  now  di- 
vided into  the  departments  of  Lower  Loire,  llle- 
et-Vilaine,  Finisterre,  Morbihan,  and  Cotes  du 
Nord. 

Britten,  isl.  in  the  Frozen  ocean.  Lon.  35°  15' 
E,  Lat.  71^6' N. 

Bnres,  t,  France,  la  Correze,  14  ra.  S.  W. 
Tulle. 


Brivesai;  x.  France,  in  Correze,  18  m.  E. 
Brives. 

Briviesca,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  21  m.  N.  E. 
Burgos. 

Brivio,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Milan. 

Brix,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Bila,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Prague.     Lon.  13^  40'  E.  Lat.  50°  30'  N. 

Brix,  t.  France,  5  m.  W.  Valognes. 

Brixen,  a  secularised  bishopric,  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  now  forming  part  of  Upper  Austria,  Its 
extent  is  about  374  square  miles.     Pop.  26,800. 

Brixen,  t,  Austrian  empire,  in  Tyrol,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Rienz  and  Eisach,  39  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Trent.  Lon.  11°  37'  15"  E.  Lat  46°  40'  N.  Pop. 
3,800. 

Brixenstadt,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  E.  N.  E.  Wurtz- 
burg. 

Brixham,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Torbay.     Pop.  4,341. 

Brizembourg,  t.  France,  12  m.  E.  St  Jean  d' Au- 
gely. 

Broach,  district.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  between  21'* 
and  32°  N.  lat.  on  the  gulf  of  C'ambay.  Broach, 
the  capital  is  in  lon.  73°  6'  E.  lat.  21°  41'  N. 

Broadalbin,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  38  m. 
W.  Albany.     Pop.  2,238. 

Broadcreek,  p-v.  Queen  Ann  co.  Md. 

Broadcreek,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del. 

Broadcreek,  Md.  runs  into  the  Potomac,  in 
Prince  George  co.  5  ra.  below  Alexandria. 

Broadjield,  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va.  90  m.  S. 
Washington. 

Broadhaven,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  42'  W.  Lat.  54°  17'  N. 

Broadhead^s  creek,  Pa.  runs  into  the  Delaware 
in  Smithfield,  Northampton  co. 

Broadkill,  p-t.  and  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Del.  on 
a  creek  which  runs  into  Delaware-bay,  10  m. 
N.  Lewiston. 

Broad  river,  S.  C.  is  formed  by  the  union  of  En- 
noree,  Tiger  and  Packolet  rivers,  and  after  flow- 
ing 40  miles  joins  the  Saluda  above  Columbia,  to 
form  the  Congaree. 

Broad  river,  Geo.  runs  E.  into  Savannah  river, 
between  Petersburg  and  Lisbon.  The  North 
fork  rises  in  Franklin  county,  and  unites  with  the 
South  fork,  6  m.  S.  W.  Elberton. 

Broad-Stairs,  v.  Eng.  in  tlie  isle  of  Thanet,  2 
m.  N.  Ramsgate. 

Broadwater,  v.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  1  m.  fr.  "Wor- 
thing. 

Brockdorf,  v.  Denmark,  on  the  Elbe,  6  m.  fr. 
Gluckstadt. 

Brockville,  v.  cap.  of  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  ;  16  m.  above  Prescott.  It  is  a 
flourishing  commercial  place,  in  a  well  cultivated 
and  populous  country. 

Brod,  t.  and  fort,  Austrian  empire,  on  the  Save, 
110  m.  W.  of  Belgrade.  Lon.  18°  10'  E.  Lat. 
45°  20'  N. 

Brad,  t.  Bohemia,  18  m.  E.  Prague. 

Brod,  t.  Bohemia,  60  m.  S.  E.  Prague. 

Brod,  t.  Moravia.  Lon.  17°  39'  E.  Lat.  49°  2' 
N. 

Brodecz,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Iser,  5  m.  S.  Jung 
Buntzlau. 

Brodera,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  24'  E. 
Lat.  22°  13'  N. 

Brody,  t.  Austrian  Galicia.  It  carries  on  an 
extensive  commerce  with  Moldavia,  Walachia, 
the  Crimea,  and  other  parts  of  Turkey  and  Rus- 
sia. 30  m.  S.  Lucko,  Pop.  15,000,  of  whom 
13,000  aj-eJewg. 


B  R  O 

Brodsiee,  t.  Russia,  48  m.  E.  Minsk. 

Broek,v.  Netherlands,  3ni.  W.  Monikeendam. 

Broglio,  t.  Sardinian  states,  15  m.  N.  E.  Nice. 

Broje,  or  Bruice,  r.  Switzerland,  flows  through 
tiie  lake  of  Morat  into  that  of  Ne«fchatel, 

Brok,  t.  Poland,  45  m.  E.  S.  E.  Warsaw. 

Broken  Bay,  New  Holland.  Lon,  151°  27'  E. 
Lat.  33°  34'  S. 

Broken-straw,  t.  Warren  co.  Pa.     Pop.  379. 

Broken-straiv-creck,  p-v.  Crawford  oo.  Pa. 

Broken-slrau',  creek.  Pa,  runs  into  the  Allegha- 
ny, 8  m.  W.  Warren. 

Bromberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Posen,  capital  of  the  district  of  the  Netze,  and 
of  a  department  and  circle  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  Brahe.  A  canal  connects  the  Brake,  near 
Bromberg,  with  the  Netze,  near  Nackel.  It  is  a 
work  of  great  importance,  as  completing  the  com- 
munication between  the  Vistula,  the  Oder,  and 
the  Elbe.     30  m.  N.  W.  Thorn. 

Brome,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  S.  E. 
Montreal.     Pop.  600. 

Bromham,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire.  4  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Devizes. 

Bromley,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  London. 

Bromley'' s  Isles,  near  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria. 
Lon.  136°  33' E.  Lat.  11°  52' S. 

Bromplon.,  v.  Eng.  1  m.  fr.  London. 

Brompton,  v.  Eng.  in  Yoi-kshire. 

Brampton,  t,  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  St.  Francis  river,  55  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Brompton  on  Swale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire. 

Bromsebro,  t.  Sweden,  12  m.  fr.  Christianople. 

Bromsgrove,  t.  Eng.  12 ni.  N.  N.  E.  Worcester. 

Bromwick,  West,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire. 

Bromyard,  t.  Eng.  in  Herefordshire. 

Bromhorsl,  t.  Netherlands,  5  m.  N.  Zutphen. 

Bronddragene,  Danish  isl.  in  the  Baltic.  Lon, 
11°  27' E.  Lat.  54°  37' N. 

Brondolo,  t.  Lombard©- Venetian  kingdom,  12 
m.  S.  Venice. 

Broni,  t.  Sardinian  states,  10  m.  S.  W.  Pavia. 

Bronnikov,  t.  Russia,  2  m.  N.  Tobolsk. 

Bronte,  t.  Sicily,  near  Mount  Etna. 

Bronx  creek,  N.  Y.  runs  S.  28  miles,  and  falls 
into  East  river,  in  Westchester. 

Brooke,  co.  N.  W.  corner  of  Va.  bounded  N.  and 
W.  by  Ohio,  E.  by  Pennsylvania,  S.  by  Ohio  coun- 
ty. Pop.  5,843.  Slaves  332.  Chief  t.  Wells- 
burg. 

Brookjield,  i.  Stratford  co.N.  H.  31  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  657. 

Brookjield,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  17  m.  S.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  1,384. 

Brool^eld,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m.  W. 
Worcester,  58  W.  Boston.  Pop.  3,170.  It  is  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  popidous  towns  in  the  coun- 
ty. It  contains  two  parishes.  West  Brookjield  is 
4  m.  W.  of  the  East  parish,  and  contains  a  print- 
ing office. 

Brookjield,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  6  m.  N.  E.  Dan- 
bury,  33  N.  W.  New-Haven.     Pop.  1,037. 

Brookjield,  p-t.  xMadison  co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S.  Uti- 
ca.     Pop.  4,042. 

BrooJ0eld,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  E. 
Warren.     Pop.  345. 

Brookhaven,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long-Isl- 
and. It  extends  from  the  Sound  to  the  Atlantic, 
between  Riverhead  and  Southampton  E.  and  Islip 
and  Smithtown  W.  and  contains  9  post-offices,  viz. 
Brookhaven,  Setauket,  Stony-brook,  Middletown, 
Patchogue,  Fireplace,  Forge,  Drowned-Meadow, 
2,uCl  Morrifhd'.     Pop.  4.176. 

17 


B  R  O 


I2d 


Brook-hill,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Tennesee. 

Brookline,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  New-Hampshire, 
33  m.  S.  by  W.  Concord.     Pop.  538. 

Brookline,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  40  m.  S.  Windsor. 
Pop.  431. 

Brookline,  t.  Norfolk  co.  ?.Iass.  5  m.  S.  W.  Bos- 
ton. Pop.  784.  Here  are  many  elegant  country- 
seats.  Across  the  bay  which  sets  up  from  Charles 
river  between  this  place  and  Boston,  a  mill-datm 
is  erected. 

Brooklyn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Quiuebaug,  .20  m.  N.  Norwich. 
'Pop.  1,200. 

Brooklyn,  p-t.  Kings  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long-Island, 
opposite  N.  York  city,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  East  river,  J  of  a  mile  wide.  Pop.  4,402.  The 
Wallabout  is  a  tract  of  land  on  the  N.  E.  of  the 
village,  round  a  small  bay.  It  is  the  site  of  one  of 
the  United  States  navy-yards.  A  battle  was 
fought  in  this  town,  Aug.  27,  1776,  when  the 
Americans  were  defeated  by  the  British. 

Brooks,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine. 

Brooksrillc,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine. 

Brookville,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Patuxent,  22  m.  N.  Washington. 

Brookville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Indiana,  in 
the  forks  of  White- water  river,  20  m.  N.  Lawrence- 
burg,  and  42  N.  W.  Cincinnati,  on  the  Ohio.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1811,  and  already  contains  nearly 
100  buildings,  a  market-house,  a  brick  court- 
house and  jail.  The  river  can  be  easily  made 
navigable  to  Brookville,  which  will  be  the  empori- 
um of  trade  lor  an  extensive  fertile  country. 

Broome,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehannah.  Pop. 
8,129.     Chief  t.  Chenango, 

Broome,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  N,  York,  35  m,  S. 
W,  Albany.     Pop.  1,942. 

Broons,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  W.  Dinant.  Lorn 
2°  7' W,  Lat.  48°  15' N. 

Broos,  t,  Transylvania,  near  the  Marosch,  S. 
W,  Weissenburg, 

Brora,  lake,  Scotland,  in  Sutherland  county. 

Broseley,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  on  the  Severn,  5  m. 
N.  W.  Bridgennorth.     Pop.  4,850. 

Brossac,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  W,  Angouleme. 

Brothers-Valley,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,314. 

Brotherton,  t,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  ra.  from  Pon- 
tefract. 

Brotherton,  Indians,  400  in  No.  near  Oneida 
Lake,  N,  Y, 

Brothic,  r.  Scotland,  runs  into  the  sea  at  Aber- 
brothock. 

Brotterode,  v.  Germany,  3  m.  N.  SmalkalcL 

Brou,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  W.  Chateau-Dun. 

Brouette,  r.  Indiana,  joins  the  Wabash  from  the 
N.  above  Fort  Harrison. 

Brouage,  t.  France,  between  the  mouths  of  the 
Garonne  and  Charente. 

Brought  on,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
36  m.  S.  Quebec. 

Broughton,  Great,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire. 

Broiighton  in  Fumess,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  10 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Ulverstone. 

Broughton,  t.  Eng.  2  m.  S.  W.  Stockbridge. 

Broughton' s  Archipelago,  islands  of  the  Pacific, 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  232^  56'  to 
233°  40'  E.  Lat.  50°  33'  to  51°  N. 

Brmghty  Ferry,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Tay,  4  m. 
E.  Dundee. 

Broi's.fp,  ^.  Trance.  20  m.  E.  Clermont-Fer- 
rand. 


130 


B  R  U 


B  R  U 


Browersliaven,  t.  Netherlands,  8  ni.  !S.  W.  Hei- 
voetsluys.     Lon.  3°  48'  E.  Lat.  5 1°  44'  N. 

JSrown,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  between  Adams 
and  Clermont  cos.     Chief  t.  Ripley. 

Brown,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Top.  in  1819, 300. 

B rownjield,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  riv- 
er, 28  m.  S.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  388. 

Browningion,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  55  in.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  236. 

Brow7isburg,p-t.  Rockbridge  co.  Pa.  12  m.  N. 
E.  Lexington. 

Brownsburg,p-v.  Washington  co.  Ten. 

Brown  s  comer,  p-v.  Kennebec  co.  Maine. 

Brown'' s  cross  roads,  p-v.  Pike  co.  Oliio,  15  m. 
N.  VV.  Piketon,  24  S.  W.  Chilicothe. 

Brown's  Passage,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  be- 
tween Dundas  and  Stephen's  islands,  leading 
into  Chatham's  sound. 

Brown'' s  Point,  cape  at  the  S.  end  of  Tobago. 
Lon.  60°  40'  W.  Lat.  11°  10'  N. 

Brown'' s  Smind,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
ih  lat.  55^-  18'  N.  lon.  132''  20'  W. 

Brownstown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Indiana, 
60  m.  N.  Corydon. 

Brotcnsville,  bor.  and  p-t.  Fayetty  co.  Pa.  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Monongahela,  33  m.  S.  Pittsburg, 
12  N.  W.  Union,  57  E.  S.  E.  Wheeling.  Pop. 
(including  Bridgeport,)  estimated  in  1817  at  3  or 
4,000.  Nextto  Pittsbui'g,  it  isthe  most  consider- 
able place  in  the  western  part  of  the  State.  It 
has  a  bank,  and  printing  office,  and  in  its  vicinity 
numerous  mills  and  abundance  of  coal.  Above 
100  boats,  each  of  100  tons  burthen,  are  annually 
made  here  for  the  trade  on  the  Ohio.  The  town 
is  built  on  the  side  of  a  hill  rising  300  feel  above 
the  level  of  the  Monongahela.  Here  is  a  steel 
manufactory,  capable  of  making  annually  70  tons 
of  steel. 

Brownsville,  p-v.  Marlborough-district,  S.  C. 

Brownsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Illinois,  on 
Muddy  river,  40  m.  S.  E.  Kaskaskias. 

Brownville,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N. 
Bangor.  Pop.  136.  In  1810,  the  country  between 
Brownville  and  the  Chaudiere  was  explored,  and 
the  distance  to  St.  Francois,  on  that  river,  found  to 
be  100  miles. 

Brownville,  p-t.  Jefferson  go.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river,  5  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Broyle,  harbour,  cape,  and  settlement  oh  the  E. 
aide  of  Newfoundland,  15  m.  N.  E.  Aquafort,  30 
S.  W.  St.  John's. 

Bruca,  r.  Sicily  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Catania. 

Bruc  de  Grignols,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  W.  Peri- 
^eux. 

Braceville,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Indiana. 

Bruchhausen,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Weser,  6  m. 
W.  Hoya. 

Bmrhsal,t.Ba.den,  11  m.  S.  E.  Spires.  Lon. 
8°  55'  E.  Lat.  49°  8'  N. 

Bruck,  or  Brngg,  t.  Switzerland,  21  m.  S.  Basle. 
Bruck,  t.  Bavaria,  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Anspach.  ' 
Bruek,  t.  Prussia,  10  m.  S.  W.  Potsdam. 
Bruck,  t.  Bavaria,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ratisbon. 
Bruck  on  the  Sniper,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  W.  Munich. 
Bruck  on  the  Leylha,  t.  Austria,  20  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Vienna. 

Bruck  on  the  Mur,  t.  Austrian  empire,  70  m.  S. 
'VV.  Vienna. 

Bruchenau,  t.  Germany,  14  m.  S.  Fulda. 
Brue,  or  Brutt,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  £he   Bristol 
channel. 

Bruges,  a  large  and  opulent  city  of  Netherlands, 
situated  in  a  spacious  and  beautiful  plain,  about  6 


miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  intersected  by  a  great 
number  of  canals.  The  principal  are  those  lead' 
ing  to  Sluys  and  Ostend.  In  the  14th  century,  it 
was  one  of  the  greatest  places  of  commerce  in  Eu- 
rope, forming  an  important  branch  of  the  Hanse- 
atic  confederacy ;  but  towards  the  end  of  the  15th 
oentury  it  began  to  decline,  and  Antwerp  became 
its  rival.  It  still  carries  on  a  considerable  trade 
with  Ostend,  Sluys,  Ghent,  and  the  North  of  Eu- 
rope. The  principal  public  buildings  are  the 
town-house,  the  exchange,  and  lycee,  and  the 
church  of  Notre  Dame,  with  its  elevated  spire  ; 
12  m.  E.  Ostend,  22  N.  E.  Ghent,  33  N.  E.  Dun- 
kirk. Lon.  3°  13'  33"  E.  Lat.  51°  12'  33"  N.  Pop. 
45,000. 

Bruggen  or  Bruck,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
the  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Ruremonde. 

Bruggen,  v.  Hanover,  12  m.  S.  W.  Hildesheim. 
Brughan,  r.  Wales,  flows  into  the  Severn. 
Brugnelto,  v.  Sardinian  states,  35  E.S.  E.  Genoa- 
Bruguiere,  La,  l.  France,  5  m.  S.  Castres. 
Brii/d,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand  duchy  oi 
the  Lower  Rhine,  6  m.  S.  Cologne. 

Bruko,  t.  West  Africa.  Lon.  13°  49'  W.  Lat. 
13°  18'  N. 

Brule  river,  N.  W.  Territory,  runs  into  Lake 
Superior  from  the  S.  W.  It  has  a  communication, 
though  precarious  and  difficult,  with  the  St.  Croix 
of  the  Mississippi. 

Brunswick,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  65  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  143. 
Brulon,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Sable. 
Brullos.     See  Bourlos. 
Bnimalh,  t.  France,  11  m.  N.  Strasburg. 
Brunegg,  t.  Austrian  empire,  16  m.  N.  E.  Brix- 
en.     Lon.  1 1 »  58'  E.  Lat.  46°  45'  N. 
Brunett,  fort.  Piedmont,  near  Susa. 
Brvniquel,  t.  France,  24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Cahors. 
Brunn,  cap.  of  Moravia.     It  is  fortified  with 
trenches  and  bastions.     It  is  the  seat  of  the  gov- 
ernment offices  for  the  whole  of  Moravia.     Plerft 
are  manufactures  of  fine  cloth,   silk  stuffs,    hair 
cloth,  and  soap.     The  states  meet  here  and  at  Ol- 
mufz  alternately.     32  m.  S.  W.  Olmutz,  100  S.  E. 
Prague,  156  S.  E.  Dresden.    Lon.  16°  35'  21"  E. 
Lat.  49°  11'28"N. 

Brunn,  t.  Lower  Austria,  8  m.  W.  Ebenfurt. 
Brunnen,  t.  Switzerland,  2i  ra.  S.  W.  Schweitz. 
Bruno,  r.  Tuscany,  runs  into  the  lake  of  Cas- 
tiglione. 

Brunshultel,  v.  Denmark,  40  m.  N.  W.  Ham- 
burgh. 

Brunshausen,  v.  Hanover,  on  the  Elbe,  6  m.  N. 
Stade. 

Brunswick,  duchy  of,  or  as  it  is  sometimes 
called,  Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel,  to  distinguish  it 
from  Brunswick-Luneburg,  consists  of  two  nar- 
row and  detached  territories,  stretching  from  N. 
E.  to  S.  W.  in  the  southern  part  of  the  kingdom  of 
Hanover,  by  which  it  is  nearly  surrounded.  It 
contains  1,572  square  miles,  209,600  inhabitants, 
and  in  the  new  constitution  of  Germany  it  has  2 
votes  in  the  general  assembly,  and,  united  with 
Nassau,  1  in  the  federative  diet.  Brunswick- 
Luneburg,  was  formerly  an  independent  prin- 
cipality, but  now  forms  a  province  in  the  kingdom 
of  Hanover.     See  Hanover  and  Luneburg. 

Brunswick,  fortified  t.  and  cap.  of  the  principality 
of  Wolfenbuttel,  on  the  Ocker.  Its  celebrated  Col- 
legium  Carolinum  was  founded  in  1745,  and  affords 
instruction  in  the  languages,  ai'ts,  sciences,  and 
polite  exercises.     The  principal  mamifactitres  are. 


B  R  U 


B  R  Z 


131 


wool,  yam,  linen,  porcelain,  paste-board,  arid  pa- 
3er-hang:ings.  The  traffic  in  home  produce,  as 
well  as  the  carrying  trade,  is  of  some  consequence, 
and  the  great  Brunswick  fairs  rank  next  to  tlK)se  of 
Leipsic  and  Frankfort  Pop.  29,650.  7  m.  N. 
Wolfenbuttel,  47  W.  N.  W.  Magdeburg.  I.on. 
10°  29'  30"  E.  Lat.  52°  15'  43"  N. 

Brunswick,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the 
S.  W.  side  of  the  Androscoggin,  30  m.  N.  E.  Port- 
land. Pop.  in  1810, 2,682.  The  falls  of  the  Andros- 
coggin furnish  many  valuable  seats  for  mills  and 
manufactories. 

Bowdoin  college  was  founded  in  this  town  by 
the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and  endowed  by 
them  with  grants  of  land  in  Maine.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1794,  and  went  into  operation  in  1802. 
Its  name  was  given  it  in  honour  of  Gov.  Bowdoin, 
its  most  liberal  benefactor.  It  resembles  Harvard 
college  in  its  mode  of  instruction  and  government. 
It  has,  a  president,  2  professors,  and  2  tutors.  The 
number  of  scholars  is  between  50  and  60.  A 
chemical  apparatus,  an  excellent  philosophical 
apparatus,  and  a  very  respectable  mineralogical 
cabinet  belong  to  the  college.  Its  funds  were  es- 
timated in  1812,  at  about  88,000  dollars,  of  which 
53,000  were  in  real  estate.  The  income  was 
about  3,000  dollars.  The  library  contains  be- 
tween 4,000  and  5,000  volumes. 

,  Brunswick,  JVew,  one  of  the  four  British  prov- 
inces in  N.  America,  bounded  S.  by  the  bay  of 
Fundy,  W.  by  the  United  States,  N.  by  Canada, 
and  E.  by  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  lands 
on  the  rivers,  especially  on  St.  John's  river,  are 
very  fertile.  The  tjmber  with  which  the  uplands 
are  covered,  and  the  codfish,  salmon,  and  herring, 
which  abound  in  the  rivers  and  on  the  coast,  are 
the  principal  productions  of  the  country,  and  are 
exported  in  considerable  quantities.  Pop.  about 
60,000. 

Brurksivick,  (JVew,)  city,  New-Jersey,  Middle- 
sex CO.  on  the  S.  W.  bank  of  the  Raritan,  16  m. 
N.  E.  Princeton,  33  S.  W.  New- York,  57  N.  E. 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  in  1810,  including  the 
township,  6,312.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail, 
college  edifice,  and  5  houses  for  public  worship  ; 
1  for  Dutch  Reformed,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 
The  situation  of  the  town  is  low,  but  not  unhealthy. 

Qween's  college  was  founded  in  this  city  by  min- 
isters of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church,  for  the  ed- 
ucation of  their  clergy,  and  incorporated  in  1770. 
For  a  long  period,  its  prospects  were  gloomy,  and 
its  success  discouraging.  In  1810,  a  Theological 
seminary  was  established  in  the  city  by  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  churches,  and 
to  a  certain  extent  connected  with  the  college. 
The  two  departments,  however,  are  maintained 
wholly  by  different  funds,  and  are  amenable  to  dif- 
ferent tribunals.  The  college  edifice  is  of  stone,  3 
stories  high,  and  unfinished.  The  exercises  of  the 
college  have  for  some  time  past  been  suspended, 
and  the  building  appropriated  to  the  accommoda- 
tion of  theological  students.  The  library  contains 
700 or  800  volumes.  The  Theological  department 
has  2  professors,  and  about  15  students. 

Brunswick,  t.  Essex  co,  Vt.  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er, 65  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  148. 

Brunswick,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  E.  Troy. 
Pop.  2,302 . 

Brunswick,  co.  Va.  between  Nottaway  and 
Meherrin  rivers.     Pop.  15,411.     Slaves,  9,368. 

Brunswick^  co.  N.  C.  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the 


mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river.     Pop.  4,778.     Slaves; 
2,254.    Chief  t.  Smithville. 

Brunswick,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,770. 
Brunswick,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C.  on  Cape 
Fear  river,  30  ra.  above  its  mouth,  17  below  Wil- 
mington. 

Brunwsick,  s-p.  and  cap.  Glynn  co.  Geo.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  Turtle  river,  about  10  m.  S.  Darien, 
80  S.  S.  W.  Savannah.  Lat.  31°  10'  N.  It  has 
only  2  or  3  houses,  but  its  harbor  is  safe,  and  spa- 
cious enough  to  contain  a  large  fleet,  and  the 
depth  of  water  on  its  bvis  sufficient  for  the  larg- 
est vessel.  It  has  been  proiX)sed  to  connect  it  by 
a  canal  with  the  Alatamaha  river.  Shipping  in 
1815,  1,049  tons. 

Brunys  hie,  S.  E.  coast  of  Van  Dieman's  land. 
On  the  E.  it  is  penetrated  almost  to  the  centre  by 
Adventiu-e  bay.     Lon.  147^^  29'  E.  Lat.  43°  21'  S. 

Bruree,  v.  Ireland,  15  m.  S.  Limerick. 

Brus,  r.  Switzerland,  empties  into  lake  Lu- 
cerne. 

Brush  creek,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  Mus- 
kingum river,  4  m.  below  Zanesville. 

Brush  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio,  in  Ad- 
am's county.  It  has  good  mill  seats;  ironworks 
are  erected  on  it,  and  a  vast  quantity  of  hollow 
iron  ware  is  made. 

Brussels,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  partly 
in  a  plain,  and  partly  on  a  hill,  at  the  foot  of  which 
flows  the  Senne.  It  is  the  richest  and  gayest  city 
of  Brabant,  and  one  of  the  most  splendid  in  Eu- 
rope. In  the  great  market  place  stands  the  Hotel 
de  Ville,  an  old  edifice  in  the  Gothic  style ;  with  a 
turret  364  feet  high,  and  surmounted  by  a  gi- 
gantic figure  of  St.  Michael,  in  copper,  17  feet 
high.  I'he  church  of  St.  Gudule  is  a  magnificent 
structure,  adorned  with  beautifid  paintings.  The* 
chapel  of  Notre  Dame  is  likewise  an  elegant 
building,  and  the  chui'ch  of  the  Capuchins  was 
one  of  the  finest,  that  order  possessed  in  Eu- 
rope. There  are  several  elegant  mansions  be- 
longing to  noblemen,  mo.=tof  which  contain  valua- 
ble paintings.  But  the  chief  oinaments  of  Brus- 
sels, are  its  public  walks,  which  are  not  surpassed 
in  beauty  by  those  of  any  city  in  Europe. 

The  manufactures  of  this  city  are  veiy  cele- 
brated, particularly  its  lace,  camlets,  and  car- 
pets; also  its  carriages,  which,  for  cheapness  and 
elegance,  surpass  even  those  of  London  and  Paris. 
It  carries  on  considerable  trade,  by  means  of  the 
canals  which  connect  it  with  the  Scheldt.  23  m.  S. 
Antwerp,  26  S.  E.  Ghent,  155  N.  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon. 
4°  22'  15"  E.  Lat.  50°  50' 59"  N.  Pop.  in  1817, 
80,000. 

Bnissou;  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the  Ucker 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  12  m.  N.E.  Prenzlow. 

Bruton,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Frome. 

Brutus,  p-t.  Cayuga  CO.  N,  Y.  on  the  Erie  canal, 
5  m.  N.  E.  Auburn.     Pop.  2,030. 

Bruyercs,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  St.  Diey. 

Bruyerrs,  t.  France,  3  m.  S.  E.  Laon. 

Bryan,  co.  Geo.  on  the  sea  coast,  separated 
from  Chatham  co.  by  Ogechee  river.   Pop.  2,827. 

BryanCs  cross-roads,  p-v.  Northampton  co. 
N.  C. 

Bryant  slick,  a  S.  E.  branch  of  Green  river.  Ken. 

Brzcsc,  or  Brsestz  Liter,  t.  Russia,  cap.  of  a 
circle  in  Grodno,  at  the  influx  of  the  Muchawiec 
into  the  Bug,  100  m.  E.  Warsaw.  Lon.  23°  SOT 
E.  Lat.  52°  2'  N. 

Breesc,  t.  Poland,  80  m.  W.  N.  W.  Warsaw 

Brzeznitz.  t.  Bohemia,  33m.  S.  Prachiu. 


132 


BUG 


B  U  K 


JBwa,  or  The  Isle  of  Partridges,  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  Adriatic.    Lon.  16°  30'  E.  Lat,  43°  20'  N. 
Buarcos,  t.  Portugal,  21  m.  S.  W.  Coinibra. 
Bucalena,  t.  Chili,  60  m.  S.  Valparaiso. 
Buccari,  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  gulf  of  Venice.    It  has  a  capacious  harbor  ;  6 
m.  E.  Fiume. 

Buccheri,  t.  Sicily,  20  m.  N.  W.  Syracuse. 
Buck,  Tete  de,  t  France,  32  m.  S.  by  W.  Bor- 
deaux. 

Buchan,  district,  Scotland,  comprehending  part 
of  the  counties  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff. 

Buchan-JVess,  the  most  eastern  point  of  land  in 
Scotland.  Lon.  1°  43'  W.  Lat.  57°  25'  N. 
Bucharia.  See  Bukkaria. 
Bucharest,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  cap.  of  Walachia. 
It  lies  on  the  Dembrowitza,  and  is  partly  forti- 
fied. The  houses  are,  for  the  most  part,  wretched 
clay  huts,  and  the  common  pavement  of  the 
streets  is  of  wooden  logs.  Tlie  prevailing  religion 
is  the  Greek,  and  the  town  is.  the  seat  of  an  arch- 
bishop. 250  m.  N.  N.  W.  Constantinople.  Loa. 
25°  51'  E.  Lat.  44°  29'  N.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Buchav,  t.  Germany,  24  m.  S.  W.  Ulm.     Lon. 
9°  SS"  E.  Lat.  48°  6'  N. 

Buchau,  t.  Bohemia,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Carlsbad. 
Buchcn,  t.  in  Baden,  22  m.  E.  Heidelburg. 
Buchenberg,  t.  Bavaria,  5  m.  W..  S.  W.  Kemp- 
ten. 

Buchholtz,  V.  Prussia,  23  m.  S.  S.  E.  Berlin. 
Buchloe,  t.  Bavaria,  18  m.  S.  S.  W^.  Augsburg. 
Buchorn,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  lake  of  Con- 
stance, 13  m.  E.  Constance. 

Buchiceiler,  t.  France,  13  m.  W.  Haguenau. 
Bitchy,  V.  France,  12  m.  N.  E.  Rouen. 
Buck,  t.  Prussian  states,  15  m.  S.  W.  Posen. 
Buckau,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Howakil,  Abyssinia. 
Lon.  40°  30'  E.  Lat.  15°  N. 

Buckeburg,  t.  Germany,  3  m.  E.  Minden. 
Buckenham,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Norwich. 

Buckjield,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  6  m.  S.  Paris. 
Pop.  1,251. 
Buckhanan,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Va. 
Biickhareti,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fife,  situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Forth. 

Buckhead  creek,  r.  Geo.  runs  S.  into  the  Oge- 
chee,  about  60  miles  below  Louisville. 
Buckhorn-falls,  p-v.  Chatham  co.  N.  C. 
Bv/^kie,  i.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  5  m.  W.  CuUen. 
Buckinghanh,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.by  Northamp- 
tonshire,  E.  by  Bedford,  Hertford,  and  Middle- 
sex, S.  by  Berkshire,  and  W.  by  Oxford.     It  con- 
tains 748  square  miles,  or  478,720  acres,  of  which 
328,000  are  arable  and  in  pasture,  and  20,000  in 
wood.     It  is  celebrated  for  corn  and  cattle.     Poj>. 
in    1811,    117,650;    families    25,201,    of  which 
13,933  are  engaged  in  agriculture,  and  8,424  in 
trade  and  manufactures. 

Buckingham,  t.  Eng.  cap.  of  Buckinghamshire, 
on  the  Ouse.  The  principal  manufacture  is 
white  thread  lace.  Pop.  3,500.  57  m.  W.  N.  W. 
"London. 

Buckingham,  co.  Lower  Canada,  chiefly  in  the 
district  of  Three-Rivers,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence. 

Buckingham,  t.  York  co.  Lower-Canada,  on 
Ottaway  river,  N.  W.  Montreal. 

Buckingham,  co.  Va.  on  James  river,  and  ex- 
tending S.  to  the  Appomatox.  Pop.  20,059.  Slaves, 
11,675.     Chief  t.  New-Canton. 

Buckingham,  p-t.  Bucks  c^.  Pa.    Pop.  1,715. 
Buckingham,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  153. 


Biwkland,  t.  Hertford  co.  Lower-Canada,  18  m. 
S.  E.  Quebec. 

Bucklnnd,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m.  S.  W. 
Greenfield.     Pop.  1,097. 

Buckland,  p-t.  Pi'iace  W^illiam  co.  Va.  40  m.  S. 
W.  Washington.  ' 

Bucklestown,  t.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  8  m.  fr.  Mar- 
tinsburg. 

Buckmi,  t  Prussia,  28  m.  E.  Berlin. 
Bucks,  CO.  Pa.  on  Delaware  river.     It  has  Phil- 
adelphia and  Montgomery  counties  S.   W.  and 
Northampton  co.  N.  W.     Pop.  32,371.    Chief  t, 
Bristol. 

Buckskin,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  W.  Chili- 
cothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,080. 

Bucksport,  formerly  Buckstown,  p-t.  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Penobscot,  25  m. 
E.  Castine. 

Bucktown,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 
shore,  8i  m.  S.  Cambridge. 

Buda,  city,  and  cap.  of  Lower  Hungary,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Danube.  It  has  communica- 
tion by  an  immense  bridge  of  boats,  with  the  op- 
posite town  of  Pest.  It  is  the  first  commercial 
city  in  Hungarv.  It  is  also  famous  for  its  hot 
baths.  125  m.  E.  S.  E.  Vienna,  150  N.  N.  W. 
Belgrade.  Lon.  19°  2'  30"  E.  Lat.  47°  29'  44"  N. 
Pop.  30,000. 

Budarin,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  Ural,  36 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Uralsk. 

Budaron,  t.  and  district  of  Hind,  in  Delhi.  The 
town  is  in  lon.  79°  4'  E.  lat.  28°  3'  N. 

BuMaruck,  or  Badruck,  t  Hind.  33  m.  S.  W. 
Balasore. 
Budderwas,  t.  Hind.  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Budawur. 
Buddersdale.     See  Botedale. 
Bude,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cornwall.    Lon.  4°  45'  W. 
Lat.  50°  56'  N. 

Budelich,  t.  Prussian  states,  11  m.  E.  Treves. 
Buderich,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine,  20- 
m.  S.  E.  Cleves. 

Budianoivcze,  v.  Austrian  empire,  14  m.  from 
Carlowitz. 

Budin,  t.  Bohemia, 20m.  N.Prague. 
Budincze,  v.  Sclavonia,  1 1  m.  E.  Ruma. 
Budingen,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  E.  N.  E.  Frank? 
fort  on  the  Maine. 

Budissan,  t.  Moravia,  20  m.  S.  E.  Iglan. 
Budleigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  12  m.  S.  Ex- 
eter. 

Budneera,  t.  Hind.  36  m.  E.  S.  E.  Burhampour. 
Budoa,  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  coast  of  Dal- 
matia.     Lon.  18°  59'  E.  Lat.  42°  31'  N. 

Budnwk,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  86°  44'  E. 
Lat.  21°  5'  N. 

Budweis,  a  circle  of  Bohemia,  separated  from 
Austria  by  a  chain  of  high  mountains.  Pop. 
170,000.  Budweis,  the  chief  town,  is  on  the 
Moldau,  66  m.  S.  Prague,  and  contains  4,600  in- 
habitants. 

BvAweilz,  t.  Moravia,  15  m.  N.  W.  Znaym. 
Budziac  Tartars.     See  Bessarabia. 
Bueib,  el,  v.  Egypt,  20  m.  N.  E.  Cairo. 
Buenaire,  isl.  in  W.  Indies,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch.    Itis52m.  E.Curacoa.   Lon.  67°  36' W. 
Lat.  12°  26'  N. 

Buenaventura,  a  Spanish  settlement  on  the 
coast  of  New  California.     Lat.  34°  16'  N. 

Buenaventura,  s-p.  S.America,  200m.  W.  Santa 
Fe  de  Bogota.     Lat.  3^  56'  N. 

Buenos  Ayres,  formerly*  a  viceroyalty,  in  S. 
America,  under  the  dominion  of  Spain,  but  now 
independent,  under  the  title  of  the  ITniled  Provtn- 


B  U  E 


B  U  H 


138 


Kes  of  South  America.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Peru 
and  Brazil,  E.  by  Brazil,  S.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S. 
by  Patagonia,  and  W.  by  the  Andes  which  sepa- 
rate it  from  Chili  and  Peru.  It  is  about  1,600 
miles  long,  and  1,000  broad,  containing  1,300,000 
square  mUes.  The  northern  and  central  parts, 
embracing  one  half  the  territory,  are  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Indians. 

This  country  is  watered  by  the  great  river  La 
Plata  and  its  numerous  branches.  The  western 
provinces  bordering  on  the  Andes,  are  mountain- 
ous ;  the  territory  east  of  the  Paraguay  and  Pa- 
rana, is  a  fine,  waving,  well  watered  country, 
while  the  intermediate  district  lying  between  the 
Paraguay  and  the  mountains,  and  extending  from 
N.  to  S.  through  the  whole  length  of  the  country, 
consists  of  extensive  plains.  The  principal  pro- 
ductions are  cattle  and  the  precious  metals.  Ag- 
riculture is  neglected,  although  the  soil  is  fertile, 
and  would  yield  wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  &c. 
in  abundance.  The  vast  plains  and  pampas  are 
covered  with  immense  herds  of  horses,  mules  and 
cattle,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  population  are 
constantly  employed  in  tending  them.  Gold  and 
silver  mines  are  found  in  all  the  provinces  border- 
ing on  the  Andes.  The  richest  is  the  silver  mine 
of  Potosi,  which  has  been  wrought  nearly  3  cen- 
turies, and  yields  several  millions  of  dollars  annu- 
ally. The  principal  exports  are  gold,  silver, 
hides,  beef  and  tallow.  The  imports  are  manu- 
factured goods,  principally  from  Great  Britain. 
Mules  in  immense  droves  are  collected  every  year 
at  Salta,  from  the  southern  provinces,  and  thence 
sent  over  the  Andes  to  Peru.  The  population  is 
estimated  at  2,000,000,  of  which  number  700,000 
are  civilized  Indians.  The  number  of  independ- 
ent Indians  is  unknown.  The  government  of  this 
counti-y,  for  several  years  has  bcjn  in  an  unset- 
tled state  ;  the  different  provinces  having  been  at 
war  with  each  other,  as  well  as  with  the  mother 
country. 

Buenos  Ayres  city,  S.  America,  and  cap.  of  the 
province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  is  agreeably  situated 
in  a  plain,  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  the  river  Plata,  200 
miles  from  its  mouth.  Lon.  57°  24'  W.  Lat.  34° 
35'  S.  It  is  built  with  great  regularity,  and  the 
principal  streets  display  both  taste  and  opulence. 
The  houses  are  generally  built  of  brick,  with  flat 
roofs,  and  some  of  the  public  buildings  are  large 
and  splendid.  There  is  no  harbor  at  Buenos 
Ayres,  nor  so  much  as  a  mole  to  facilitate  the 
landing  of  boats.  Ships  can  only  come  within  3 
leagues  of  the  town  ;  there  they  unload  their  goods 
into  boats,  which  carry  them  into  a  little  river 
named  Rio  Chuels,  whence  they  are  transported 
in  carts  to  the  town.  The  navigation  of  the  river 
Plata  to  Buenos  Ayres  is  very  dangerous,  owing 
to  rocks  and  shallows,  and  also  to  the  winds  which 
rush  from  the  vast  plains  S.  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
with  unequalled  fury. 

This  city  is  the  outlet  for  the  produce,  not  only 
of  the  country  watered  by  the  river  Plata  and  its 
branches,  but  also  of  that  of  the  mining  districts 
of  Peru  and  Chili ;  and  the  same  extensive  terri- 
tory is  furnished  with  foreign  goods  from  this  city. 
This  trade  is  carried  on  principally  by  land.  The 
abundance  of  cattle,  horses  and  nuiles,  furnisji  fa- 
cilities for  transportation,  not  to  be  found  in  any 
other  country.  Wood  is  very  scarce  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Buenos  Ayres.  The  population  is  es- 
timated at  from  60  to  70,000. 

Buen  Retiro.    See  Madrid. 

Buero.    See  Bouro. 


Biifalo,  Porto,  s-p.  Turkey,  on  the  S.  W.  coa* 
of  NegK)pont.     Lon.  24°  15'  E.  Lat.  38°  13'  N. 

Bufalora,  v.  Lombardo- Venetian  kingdom,  15 
m.  W.  Milan. 

Buffaloe  Lake,  North  America,  near  Copper- 
mine river,  in  lon.  11 1°  W.  lat  67°  12'  N. 

Buffalo,  p-t.  port  of  entry  and  cap.  Niagara  co. 
N.  Y.  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Erie,  22  m  S.  Niagara 
falls,  80  N.  E.  by  E.  Erie,  240  E.  Sandusky, 
302  E.  Detroit,  222  N.  N.  E.  Pittsburg,  291  W. 
Albany.  Pop.  1,508.  Being  situated  on  the  best 
channel  of  intercourse  between  the  Atlantic  and 
the  regions  of  the  West,  it  is  destined  to  become  a 
great  emporium  of  trade.  The  depth  of  water  in 
Buffalo  creek  is  sufficient  for  a  harbor,  being  12  or 
14  feet,  for  a  mile  from  its  mouth,  and  the  breadth 
is  from  12  to  16  rods.  Its  only  obstruction  is  the 
sand  and  gravel  at  its  mouth,  driven  in  by  gales  of 
wind.  It  is  proposed  to  remedy  this  by  construct- 
ing a  pier,  or  mole.  At  present,  the  vessels  on  the 
Lake,  harbor  at  Black- Rock,  2  miles  down  the  Ni- 
agara. Buffalo  was  burnt  by  the  British  during 
the  late  war,  but  has  been  since  rebuilt. 

Buffalo,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  570. 

Buffalo,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,416. 

Buffalo,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,150, 

Buffalo,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  375. 

Buffalo,  p-v.  Mason  co.  Va. 

Buffalo,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on  Wills  creek, 
6  m.  S.  Cambridge. 

Buffalo,  t.  Pike  co.  Missouri. 

Buffalo,  r.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  runs  into  Lake 
Erie  at  Buffalo.  \ 

Buffalo,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Susquehannah,  above  Lewisburg. 

Buffalo  creek,  Va.  runs  into  the  Ohio  above 
Wheeling. 

Buffalo  creek,  rises  in  N.  C.  and  runs  into  Broad 
river,  in  S.  Carolina. 

Buffalo  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Oconee,  30  or 
40  m.  below  Milledgeville. 

Buffalo,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  into  the  Mississippi, 
2  m.  above  Fort  Adams,  at  Loftus'  heights. 

Buffalo  fork,  Arkansaw  territory,  rises  near  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansaw,  and  running  180  miles 
N.  E.  joins  White  river  700  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Bug,  or  Bog,  r.  Poland,  has  its  source  in  Gali- 
cia,  and  falls  into  the  Vistula  a  little  above  the 
town  of  Zakroczyn,  N.  W.  of  Warsaw.  It  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  kingdom  of  Poland  and 
the  Russian  governments  of  Volhynia  and  Grodno. 

Buga,  city,  S.  America,  15  leagues  N.  E.  Po- 
payan.    Lat.  2°  58'  N. 

Bugano,  isl.  off  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  102°  25'  E.  Lat.  5°  20'  S. 

Bugden,  or  Buckden,  t.  Eng.  in  Huntingdon,  30 
S.  Stamford. 

Bugeij,  formerly  a  province  of  France,  which 
lay  between  Franche  Comte,  Bresse,  Dauphiny, 
and  Savoy,  now  included  in  the  department  of  the 
Ain. 

Buggess.     See  Boni  Bay. 

Bugia.     See  Boujeiah. 

Bugie,  V.  A.  Turkey,  3  m.  S.  Smyrna. 

Bugie,  s-p.  Egypt,  on  the  Red  Sea.  Lon.  38' 
40'  E.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. 

Buglowton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire. 

Bvgue,  Le,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Perigueux. 

Bngulma,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha.  Lon.  52°  24'  E. 
Lat.  .54°  39'  N. 

Buguruslansk,  t.  Russia,  140  m.  W.  S.  W.  Upha. 

Buhawulpore,  district  Hind,  on  both  sides  of 
the  Hyphasis,  oz  Ghurra,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by 


134 


B  U  L 


B  D  M 


Biccanee,  W.  and  N.  by  Moultan.  Jjufuiwulporc, 
the  cap.  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hyphasis,  in  lat. 
30°  40'  N.  Ion.  71°  45.  E.  70  m.  fr,  Moultan. 

Buhl,  t.  in  Baden,  9  m  S.  S.  VV.  Rastadt.  Lon. 
8°  12'  E.  Lat.  48°  44'  N. 

Bujalance,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10  m.  E.  Cor- 
dova. 

Bvjana,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  7l<^  25'  E. 
Lat.  22°  55.  N. 

Buillh,  t.  Wales,  in  Brecknock  co.  on  the  Wye, 
14  m.  l"r.  New  Radnor. 

Buinaah,  Point,  Ireland,  tlie  S.  cape  at  the  en- 
trance of  Newport  bay.  Lon.  9°  43'  W.  Lat.  43° 
46' N. 

Buis,  Le,  t.  France,  45  in.  S,  E.  Valence.  Lon . 
S°  21'  E.  Lat.  44°  17'  N. 

Buisaco,  r.  Quito,  enters  the  Juanambu. 

Buiirago,  t.  Spain,  36  m.  N.  Madrid.  Lon.  3° 
53"  W.  Lat.  41°  1'  N. 

Bukharia,  Bukhara,  or  Bokhara,  said  to  signify 
the  Country  of  Learned  Men,  a  country  of  Asia, 
whose  limits  are  not  exactly  defined  by  modern 
geographers.  It  is  commonly  called  Great  Buk- 
haria, in  contradistinction  to  a  country  called  Lit- 
tle Bukharia,  which  bounds  it  on  the  east.  On 
the  N.  and  W.  it  seems  to  be  bounded  by  Karasm 
and  Turkestan,  and  on  the  S.  by  Persia  and  Nor- 
thern Hindostan.  It  extends,  according  to  the 
most  accurate  estimate,  about  700  miles  from  N. 
to  S.  and  350  from  E.  to  W.  It  is  believed  to  be 
divided  into  three  provinces  (though  they  are  cer- 
tainly not  ruled  by  the  same  government,)  Buk- 
haria proper,  Samarcand,  and  Bulkh.  The  coun- 
try is  v/atered  by  the  Sihoon  on  the  N.  the  Amu, 
or  Oxus,  on  the  S.  and  the  Sogd.  It  is  inhabited 
by  two  distinct  races,  one  called  Taujiks,  Tajiks, 
or  Taujets,  and  the  othei",  Usbecks,  a  principal 
tribe  of  Tartars.  This  country  was  called  by  the 
ancients  Sogdiana. 

Bukharia,  Bok/iara,  or  Bogar,  a  city  of  Asia, 
cap.  of  Great  Bukharia,  on  a  branch  of  the  Oxus, 
from  which  latter  it  is  distant  about  50  miles.  It 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  study  of  theology 
and  Mahometan  law ;  and  tlie  inhabitants  are 
more  civilized  than  those  of  the  neighboring  coun- 
ti'ies.  They  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  yarn,  calicoes  and  soap,  which  are  chiefly 
exported  to  Persia.  Merchants  of  all  kinds  meet 
with  great  encouragement,  and  all  religions  are 
■^;olerated.  The  population  is  supposed  to  exceed 
100,000.     Lon.  62°  45'  E.  Lat.  39°  27'  N. 

Bukharia,  Little,  a  country  of  Asia,  no  better 
known  to  Europeans  than  Great  Bukharia.  It 
appears  to  lie  amidst  desert?,  and  is  bounded  N. 
by  the  country  of  the  Kalmucks  and  Eygur,  E.  by 
the  desert  of  Kobi,  S.  by  the  mountains  of  Thibet, 
and  W.  by  Great  Bukharia.  The  productions  of 
the  country  are  gold,  silver,  and  all  sorts  of  pre- 
cious stones,  which  are  sent  to  India,  China,  and 
Tobolsk  in  Siberia.  The  Bukharians  are  Ma- 
hometans, but  so  far  depart  from  the  purity  of  the 
faith,  that  they  tolerate,  in  the  most  liberal  man- 
ner, every  other  species  of  worship.  This  country 
formerly  consisted  of  2  kingdoms,  Kashgar  in  the 
west,  and  Kalis  in  the  east.  Since  1759,  the  whole 
has  been  tributary  to  China.     Lat.  36°  to  43°  N. 

Bukorest.     See  Bucharest. 

Bukowine,  province  in  the  Austrian  empire, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Dniester,  E.  and  S.  by  Molda- 
via, and  W.  by  Transylvania  and  Galicia.  It 
contains  4,000  square  miles.     Pop.  190,000. 

Bulach,  t.  Switzerland,  8  ni.  N.  Zurich. 


Bulach,  V.  Black  Forest  in  Suabia,  20  m.  W.  ^. 
W.  Stutgard. 

Bulak,  V.  Egypt,  2  m.  W.  Cairo,  to  which  city- 
it  serves  as  a  harbor.  It  contains  a  custom-house, 
magazines,  and  a  large  bazar. 

Bulama,  one  of  the  Bissagos  islands,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa.  In  1792  a  company  was  formed 
in  England  with  the  view  of  colonizing  tliis  island, 
and  the  island  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  ;  but 
owing  to  the  bad  choice  of  the  colonists,  defects  of 
the  climate,  and  hostility  of  the  neighboring  peo- 
ple, it  was  abandoned. 

Bularskaia,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Irtisch,  opposite 
Tobolsk. 

Bulgaria,  Little,  a  province  of  Turkey  in  Eu- 
rope, which  extends  from  the  Black  sea  to  Servia. 
The  Danube  divides  it  from  Beasarabia,  Molda- 
via, and  Walachia,  while  the  Sardinian  moun- 
tains and  the  river  Kamtchi  separate  it  on  the  S. 
from  Macedon  and  Romelia  proper.  Pop.  estima- 
ted at  1,500,000.  The  inhabitants  speak  the 
Sclavonic  language,  and  profess  partly  the  Greek, 
and  partly  the  Mahometan  religion. 

Bulgin,  t.  Siberia,  3  m.  fr.  Okhotzk. 

Bulgueville,  t  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Neufchateau. 

Bulitaga,  a  rang*  of  mountains  in  central  Asia, 
extending  from  Lon.  72°  to  73°  E.  Lat.  48°  30'  to 
51°  N. 

Bulkh,  or  Balk,  a  country  of  Asia,  dependent  on 
the  kingdom  of  Cabul.  Its  extent  cannot  be  ac- 
curately defined ;  it  has  the  Oxus  on  the  N.  the 
mountains  of  Hindoo  Coosh  on  the  S.  and  a  desert 
country  on  the  W.  It  is  about  250  miles  long  and 
100  broad.  The  country  surrounding  the  towns 
is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  It  is  inhabited  by 
Usbeck  Tartars,  Taujiks  and  Arabs,  who  dwell 
partly  in  towns  and  partly  in  tents.  Pop.  about 
1,000,000. 

Bulkh,  cap.  of  the  province  of  that  name,  on  the 
Dehast,  in  a  flat,  fertile  and  well  cultivated  coun- 
try, watered  by  eighteen  canals.  It  is  the  Bac- 
t7-ia  of  the  Greeks  ;  its  history  belongs  to  the  high- 
est antiquity,  and  all  Asiatics  are  impressed  with 
the  idea  of  its  being  tlie  oldest  city  in  the  world. 
Pop.  6,000  or  7,000.  Lon.  65°  16'  E.  Lat.  36°  28' 
N. 

Bull,  isl.  ofl"  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon. 
10"9' W.  Lat.  51°33'N. 

Bull,  rock,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon.  6° 
12'  W.     Lat.  55°  19'  N. 

Bullan  Bay,  between  the  island  of  Achil  and 
W.  coast  of  Ireland.    Lop.  9°  43'  W.  Lat.  54°  N. 

Bulk,  t.  Switzerland,  10  m.  S.  Fribourg. 

Bulks,  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  N.  E.  Beauvais. 

Bullet,  CO.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  4,311. 
Slaves,  976. 

Bulletsbiirg,  p-t.  Boone  co.  Ken. 

Bull  Island,  S.  C.  on  the  N.  side  of  Charleston- 
harbor. 

Bulloah,  t.  Bengal,  12  m.  S.  E.  Luikipoer. 

Bulloch,  CO.  Geo.  between  Ogeechee  and  Ca- 
noochee  rivers.  Chief  t.  Statesboro'.  Pop.  2,305. 
Slaves,  426. 

BulVs  Bay,  or  Boboul  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Newfoundland.     Lat.  47°  2l"'  N. 

Bull's  Head,  cape,  Ireland.  Lon.  10°  4'  W. 
Lat.  52°  6'  N. 

Bullskin,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Youghiogeny, 
Pop.  1,439. 

Bulstrode,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
20  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Bumm,  city,  Persia,  cap.  of  Kerman.  It  is 
strongly  fortified.     Lon.  58°  E.  liat.  2f)°  17'  N. 


BUR 


BUR 


135 


Bumosa,  or  ^bi,  isl.  in  the  Persian  guif.  Lon. 
S4°  E.  Lat26°  15' N. 

Bunawe,  s-p.  Scotland.  Lon.  5°  16'  W.  Lat. 
66°  24'  N. 

Bunbury,  v.  Eng.  6  m.  from  Nantwich. 

B  unclody.     See  J^ew-  Tawn  Barry. 

BujLcombe,  co.  N.  C.  the  W.  corner  of  the  state. 
Pop.  9,277.  Shives,  695.  Chief  t.  Morristown. 
in  this  county  are  Black,  Bald,  and  Smoaky 
mountains,  lofty  peaks  of  the  Blue  ridge.  Here 
are  the  head-waters  of  Santee  river. 

Bunde.  t.  Prussian  states,  28  m,  N.  Munster. 

Bundekund^  an  extensive  district,  Hind,  in  the 
province  of  Allahabad,  lying  between  24°  and  26° 
N.  lat.  Its  capital  is  Callinger.  Since  1804,  it 
has  belonged  to  the  British. 

Bunder  Reig.     See  Bender  Rigk. 

Buncau,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Wavcney, 
wliich  is  navigable  by  baizes  to  Yarmouth  :  38  m. 
^.  N.  E.  Ipswich. 

Bungo,  kingdom  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Xi- 
rao. 

Bu7ipoor,  t.  Persia,  in  Mckran.  It  has  a  strong 
fortress.     Lon.  60°  10'  E.  Lat.  27°  50'  N. 

Bunree,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Moy, 

Bmirow,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  Donegal  bay. 

Bimlingford,  i.  Eng.  11  m.  N.  HerUoid.  " 

Buntwali,  t.  Hind.  14  m.  E.  Mangalore.  Loik 
75°  9'  E.  Lat.  12°  48'  N. 

Buntzlau,  Circle  of,  hi  Bohemia,  bounded  E.  by 
Koningsgratz,  S.  by  Kaui'zim,  W.  by  Leutmeritz, 
and  N.  by  Silesia  and  Lusatia.     Pop.  280,000. 

Buntzluii,t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Iser,  28  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Prague. 

Buntzlau,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Bober,  26  m.  N.  W. 
Jauer.     Lon.  15°  37' E.  Lat.  51°  13' N. 

Bumcoot,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Mindanao,  be- 
longins:  to  the  English  East  India  company.  Lon. 
124°  30'  E.  Lat.  7°  12'  N. 

Buonconvento,  t.  Tuscany,  10  m.  S.  E.  Siena. 

BuonOy  r.  Chili,  enters  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  40° 
37' S. 

Burampour,  t.  Hind.  80  m.  N.  E.  Cicacole. 

Burburafa,  t.  Venezuela,  52  m.  W.  Coro.  Bur- 
burata  islands  are  opposite  to  it,  in  the  Caribbean 
sea. 

Burdalik,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  on  the  .Tihon,  45 
m.  S.  W.  Bokhara. 

Burdee,  t.  Hind.  Lon.  82°  27'  E.  Lat.  24°  37' 
N. 

Bvrdislan,  mountain,  Persia,  near  Schiraz. 

Burdwan,  district  of  Bengal,  betweeen  22°  and 
24°  N.  lat  and  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Hoogly. 

Burdwan,  the  capital,  is  a  large  town,  on  Dum- 
moodah  river,  50  m.  N.  Calcutta.  Lon.  87°  57' 
E.  Lat.  23°  15'  N.  The  Church  Missionary  So- 
ciety have  selected  this  place  for  one  of  their  sta- 
tions, and  in  1820,  they  had  13  flourishing  schools 
under  their  direction,  in  which  1300  children 
were  receiving  instruction. 

Burela,  Cape,  Spain.  Lon.  7°  26'  W.  Lat.  43° 
41' N. 

Burello,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  9  m.  E. 
Nicotera. 

Buren,  t.  Netherlands,  6  m.  S.  E.  Utrecht. 

Buren,  t.  Prussian  states,  13  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pa- 
derborn. 

Bures,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour. 

Burford,  t.  Eng.  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Oxford. 

Burford,  t.  Oxford  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Burg,  t.  Prussian  states,  4  m.  N.  E.  Magdeburg. 
Pop.  7,000. 

Burg,  t.  Netherlands,  12. m.  S.  S.  E.  Zutphen. 


Burgas,  t.  Turkey,  on  the  Black  sea,  112  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Constantinople.  Lon.  27°  29'  E.  Lat. 
42°  31' N. 

Biirgau,  formerly  a  margraviate  of  Suabia,  now 
included  in  the  Bavarian  circl«3  of  the  Upper 
Danube  and  the  Iller. 

Burgau,  t.  Bavaria,  19  m.  N.  W.  Augsburg,  20 
E.  N.  E.  Ulm. 

Burg-Burnheim,  t.  Bavaria,  14  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Anspach. 

Burgdorf,  t.  Switzerland,  10  m.  N.  E.  Bern. 

Burgdorf,  t.  Hanover,  9  m.  S.  Zell.  Lon.  10° 
7'  E.  Lat.  52°  28'  N. 

Burg-Ebrack,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m,  S.  W,  Bamberg. 

Burgel,  t.  Germany,  15  m.  3.E.  Weimar.  Lon. 
11°44'E.  Lat.  50°  55' N. 

Burgess,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Burgetstown,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

Burgh,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln,  5  m.  N.  W.  Wain- 
fleet. 

Burg  TIamza.     See  Hamza. , 

Burgkattstn,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Salza,  near  its 
influx  into  the  Inn,  50  ra.  E.  Munich.  Lon.  12° 
47' E.  Lat.  48°  7' N. 

Burgh  Head,  cape,  Scotland.  Lon.  3°  24'  W. 
Lat.  57°  41'  N. ;  another,  in  lat.  54°  44'  20"  N. 

Burgk-upon-Sands,  v.  Eng.  5  m.  N.  W. Cat- 
lisle. 

Burglen,  v.  Switzerland,  4  m.  N.  N.  W.  St 
Gall. 

Burglengenfeld,  t.  Bavaria,  12  m.  N.  W.  Rat- 
isbon.     Pop.  1,400. 

Burgos,  city,  Spain,  cap.  of  Old  Castile,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Arlanzon.  It  was  very  flour- 
ishing in  former  times.  1 12  m.  N.  Madrid.  Lon. 
2°  40'  15"  W.  Lat.  42°  50'  29"  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Burgstadt,  t.  Saxony,  3  m.  fr.  Penig. 

Burgu,  district,  Africa,  on  the  S.  border  of  the 
Lybian  desert,  probably  the  same  as  Berdoa. 

'Burguetta,  El,  t.  Spain,  24  m.  E.  N.  E.  Pampe- 
luna. 

Burgundy,  Circle  of,  one  of  the  ten  circles  of 
the  German  empire.  Originally  it  was  very  ex- 
tensive, and  comprised,  besides  the  free  county 
{Framhe  Comtt)  of  Burgundy,  the  whole  17  prov- 
inces of  the  Netherlands;  but  after  the  Dutch 
provinces  declared  their  independence,  and  the 
southern  part  of  the  circle  was  gradually  acquir- 
ed by  France,  it  consisted  only  of  the  Spanish  or 
Austrian  Netherlands. 

Burguruly,  Duchy  of,  otherwise  called  Bur- 
gundy  Proper,  or  Lower  Burgundy,  to  distinguish 
it  from  Franche  ComU,  or  Upper  Burgundy,  for- 
merly a  province  in  the  east  of  France.  The 
principal  product  of  the  country  is  its  wine,  which 
isknownand  esteemed  throughout  Europe.  Atthe 
revolution,  it  was  divided  into  the  departments 
of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  the  Cote  d'Or,  and  the 
Yonne ;  part  of  it  also  lies  in  those  of  the  Nievre, 
the  Aube,  the  Upper  Marne,  and  the  Ain.  The 
principal  towns  after  Dijon,  are  Macon,  Autun, 
Chalons  sur  Saone,  Auxerre,  and  Sens. 

Burgundy.     See  Jirelat. 

Burhalia,  t.  Syria,  10  m.  N.  W.  Damascus. 

Burhampaur,  city.  Hind.  cap.  of  Candeish,  or 
the  Tatee,  100  m.  N.  Aurungabad,  452  S.  Delhi. 
Lon.  76°  20'  E.  Lat.  21°  22'  N. 

Buriana,  t.  Tuscany,  near  the  lake  of  Castig- 
lione,  16  m.  S.  Montieri. 

Burias,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands.  Lon.  122° 
43'  E.  Lat.  12°  46'  N. 

Burials,  a  tribe  of  Tartars,  widely  dispersed 
tbroughoi'.*-  the  governirient  of  Irkutsk,  in  Sib" 


136 


BUR 


BUR 


ria.  Tlieir  features  bear  much  resemblance  to 
those  of  the  Kalmucks.  They  inhabit  the  banks 
of  the  lake  Baikal,  and  of  the  rivers  Angara  and 
Lena. 

Burie,  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  Saintes. 

Burka,  or  Varaque,  s-p.  Arabia,  the  residence 
of  the  Iman  of  Muscat,  40  m.  N.  W.  Muscat.  Lat. 
^3°  48'  N. 

Burke,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  459. 

Burke,  co.  N.  C.  on  Catawba  river,  among  the 
mountains  of  the  Blue  ridge.  Pop.  11,007.  blaves, 
1,433.     Chief  t.  Morgantown. 

Burke,  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river.  Pop.  10,858 
Slaves,  4,691.     Chief  t.  Waynesboro. 

Burken,  v.  Baden,  Ti  m.  E.  Heidelberg. 

Burkersdorf,  v.  Saxony,  in  Misnia.     Pop.  1,000. 

Burke^s  Canal,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  formed  by  King's  island  on  the  N.  ami 
New  Albion  on  the  S.  Lon.  232°  10'  E.  Lat.  51« 
57'  N. 

Burkesiille,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Ken. 

Burlats,  t  France,  4  ni.  E.  Castres. 

Burley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  fr.  Otley. 

Burley  on  the  Hill,  v.  Eng.  in  Rutland  co. 

Burlington,  or  Bridlington,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Yoi-k- 
aliire,  on  Burlington  bay.  Burlington  Q,uaif  is 
situated  on  the  coast.  It  is  formed  by  a  pier, 
which  extends  a  considerable  way  into  the  bay, 
and  is  defended  by  two  batteries.  Considerable 
trade  is  carried  on  here.  There  is  a  custom- 
house, which  is  dependent  on  Hull.  The  Quay 
is  much  resorted  to  for  sea  bathing.  Pop.  of  Bur- 
lington and  Burlington  Quay,  3,741.  20  m.  from 
Scarborough.     Lon.  0°  8'  W.  Lat.  54°  8'  30"  N. 

Burlington,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N. 
"W.  Boston.     Pop.  471. 

Burlington,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Chit- 
tenden CO.  Yt.  delightfully  situated  on  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  in  lake  Champlain,  34  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Montpelier,  110  S.  Montreal,  198  N.  W.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,690.  The  village  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
in  the  state.  It  occupies  the  side  of  a  hill,  as- 
cending nearly  a  mile  from  the  bay.  Here  are 
two  handsome  Congregational  meeting-houses,  a 
courthouse,  jail,  academy,  and  a  spacious  college 
edifice.  Within  the  limits  of  the  township,  a 
mile  N.  E.  of  the  village,  are  the  falls  of  Onion 
river,  around  which  are  several  valuable  mills 
and  manufacturing  establishments.  About  20 
vessels  navigate  lake  Champlain,  most  of  which 
are  owned  in  this  place. 

The  University  of  Vermont  is  located  in  this 
town.  It  was  incorporated  in  1791,  and  has  been 
liberally  patronized  by  the  state.  It  has  a  presi- 
dent, 5  professors,  2  tutors,  a  library  of  about 
1,000  volumes,  and  a  philosophical  apparatus, 
which  is  tolerably  complete.  The  funds  consist 
principally  of  lands,  amounting  to  about  40,000 
acres,  and  yield  at  present  an  income  of  about 
1200  dollars.  The  number  of  students  in  1818 
was  28.  The  college  edifice  is  a  beautiful 
brick  building,  160  feet  long,  and  4  stories  high. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  the  village,  a 
mile  from  the  lake,  and  elevated  more  than  300 
feet  above  its  surface.  From  the  top  of  the  col- 
lege there  is  a  noble  view  of  the  lake  and  the  ad- 
jacent country. 

Burlington,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  16  m.  W.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  1,467. 

Burlington,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  W. 
Cooprrstowo'.     Pop.  3.196. 


Burlington,  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Atlantic,  and  ex- 
tending N.  W.  to  Delaware  river.  Pop.  24,979. 
Chief  towns,  Mount-Holly  and  Burlington. 

Burlington,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Bur- 
lington CO.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  river,  opposite  Bris- 
tol, 11  m.  below  Trenton,  17  above  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  2,419.  The  most  populous  part  is  on  an  isl- 
and in  the  Delaware,  to  which  there  are  4  en- 
trances by  bridges.  It  was  settled  in  1677.  It 
contains  n  courthouse  and  jail,  4  houses  of  public 
Avorship,  an  academy,  a  public  librar}',  and  has 
some  manufactures.  Its  harbor  is  sale  and  com- 
commodious.     Shipping  in  1815,  1,592  tons. 

Burlington,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  661. 

Burlington,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
4  m.  above  Wheeling,  Kentucky,  10  N.  E.  St, 
Clairsville.  Another,  in  Licking  co.  Another, 
p-t.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
75  m.  S.  E.  Chilicothe,  120  fr.  Columbus. 

Burlington-bay,  Up.  Canada,  the  W.  end  of 
lake  Ontario.  This  bay  is  both  spacious  and  se- 
cure, but  the  entrance  is  narrow,  and  so  shallow 
that  only  boats  can  pass,  and  there  is  a  bridge 
thrown  across  it. 

Burmah.     See  Birmah. 

Bumioul,  v.  of  Cuttack,  in  Hind.  It  is  fortified, 
and  commands  a  pass  into  the  district.  Lon.  85^ 
10'  E.  Lat.  20°  21'  N. 

Burney''s  Islmid,  in  the  Frozen  ocean.  Lon. 
182°  30' "E.  Lat.  67°  45' N. 

Burnham,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  48  m.  fi-.  London. 

Biamham,  or  Market  Burnham,  t.  Eng.  in  Nor- 
folk, 34  m.  N.  W.  Norwich. 

Burnleij,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  23  m.  N.  Man- 
che.'ter.  *  Pop.  4,368. 

Burnt-corn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Burntisland,  a  roval  burgh  and  parish,  Scot- 
land, on  the  Frith  of  Forth,  6  ra.  N.  N.  W.  LeitJi. 

Burnt  Island,  oS"  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cape  Ray.  Lon.  58°  50'  W.  Lat. 
47°30'N. 

Burnt riier.     See  Montreal  river. 

Bumtwood.     See  Brentwood. 

Buronzo,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  N.  W.  Vercelli. 

Burr,  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea.  Lon.  5°  21'  W.  Lat. 
54°  28'  N. 

Burramootee,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapour.  Lon.  74^^ 
31' E.  Lat.  18°  14' N. 

Burray,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands.  Lon.  2^ 
47' W.  Lat.  60°  44' N. 

Burray,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands.  Lon.  1° 
39'  W.  Lat.  60°  5'  N. 

Burrilville,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  1.  24  m.  from 
Providence.  Pop  1,834.  It  contains  a  bank,  and 
several  cotton  factories. 

Burrow  Head.     See  Burgh  Head. 

Burrowbridge.     See  Boroughbridge. 

Burrowstouness.     See  Borrowstownncss. 

Bursa,  city,  A.  Turkey,  in  a  spacious  plain  at 
the  foot  of  mount  Olympus.  The  population  cour 
sists  of  Turks,  Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Jews.  Va- 
rious manufactures,  and  considerable  trade  are 
carried  on  here.  Great  variety  of  satins,  chiefly 
striped,  are  made,  for  the  short  under  garments  of 
the  Turkish  habit;  there  are  besides  manufac- 
tures of  silk  stufls  and  gauze,  and  quantities  of 
raw  silk  are  exported  to  Smyrna  and  Constanti- 
nople. The  caravans  passing  from  Smyrna  and 
Aleppo  to  the  capital,  promote  its  commerce. 
Bursa  was  once  the  capital  of  the  Turkish  em- 
pire. Pop.  about  60,000.  75  m.  S.  Constantino- 
ple.    Lon.  29°  12'  E.  Lat.  40°  11'  N. 


BUS 

Bur-Salvm.    See  Salum. 

Burscheid,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  gi-and  duchy 
of  the  Lower-Rhine,  near  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

Burscough,  t.  En».  in  Lancashire,  on  tlie  Liv- 
erpool and  Leeds  canal. 

Bur-Sin.    See  Sin. 

Burskdon,  t.  Eog.  5  ra.  E.  Southampton. 

Burslem,  t.  Eng,  in  Staffordihire,  3  m.  N.  New- 
wistle-under-Line.  It  has  extensive  potteries. 
Pop.  8,625. 

Bursool  t.  Hind.  12  m.  S.  E.  Burdwan. 

Btirton,  or  Burton  in  Kendal,  t.  Eng.  in  West- 
moreland. 

Burton,  t.  Sunbury  co.  New-Brunswick,  on  the 
W.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Burton,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  50  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Concord.     Pop.  194. 

Burton,  p-t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

Burton,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Burton  upon  Stather,  t.  Eng.  31  m.  N.  Lincoln. 

Burton  upon  Trent,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  cele- 
brated for  its  excellent  ale,  of  which  vast  quan- 
tities are  made,  both  for  home  consumption  and 
for  exportation.  Pop.  3,979.  11  m.  S.  W.  Derby, 
124  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  36'  W.  Lat.  52° 
50' N. 

BurtonsvUle,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

Burton  Wood,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire. 

BurtusJi,  harbor  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New- 
Brunswick,  15  or  20  m.  from  the  S.  extremity. 

Burwa,  district  of  Bengal,  adjoining  Palamow. 

Burwah,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  28  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cut- 
tack. 

Burwash,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  49  m.  fr.  London. 

Burl/,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  9  m.  N.  Manches- 
ter.    Pop.  8,762. 

Bury,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  70  or 
80  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Bury  St.  Edmunds,  t.  Eng,  in  Suffolk,  on  the 
Lark.  This  town  is  a  borough,  and  returns  two 
representatives  to  parliament.  Here  are  the  re- 
mains of  an  abbey,  anciently  one  of  the  most 
wealthy  and  magnificent  in  Britain.  Pop.  7,986. 
43  m.  S.  S.  W.  Norwich,  72  N.  N.  E.  London. 
Lon.  0°  50'  E.  Lat.  52°  20'  N. 

Burzet,  t.  France,  15  m.  N.  Argentiere. 

Busaco,  a  convent  in  Portugal,  in  Beira,  30  m. 
N.  E.  Coimbra,  memorable  for  an  action  fought 
here  on  27th  Sept.  1810,  between  Massena  and 
Lord  WeUington. 

Bmh  river,  Md.  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
several  creeks  at  Harford,  and  runs  into  the  Ches- 
apeake 10  miles  below. 

Bush  creek.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Delaware  in 
Wayne  county. 

Bush,  T.  Ireland,  flows  into  the  sea,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Bengore  Head. 

Busheab,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf.  Lon.  53° 
4'E.     Lat.  27<^2'N. 

Bushire,  Abuschehr,  or  Bender  Boshavir,  s-p. 
Persia,  in  Fars,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Persian  gulf. 
Provisions  and  fruits  are  cheap  and  excellent  in 
Bushire;  but  the  water  is  bad.  A  considerable 
trade  is  carried  on  here.  The  exports  are  Persian 
commodities,  such  as  carpets,  wine  of  Shiraz,  rose- 
water,  drugs  ;  and  the  imports  are  Indian  goods 
of  different  kinds,  and  English  broadcloth.  The 
English  East  India  company  have  a  factory  at  thia 
place.  Pop.  5,000.  100  m.  W.  S.  W.  Shiraz.  Lon. 
50°  43'  E.  Lat.  28°  59'  N. 

Bush  toivti.     See  Harford,  Md. 

Bushwick,  t.  Kings  co.  Long-Island,  N.  Y.  on 
East-river,  3  m..  fr.  New- York  city.  Pop.  798. 

18 


B  U  X 


137 


Busir.     See  Abusir. 

Busk,  t.  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Bug.  25  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Lemberg. 

Buskirk's  bridge,  p-v.  Washington  co.  N.  Y, 

Busowrah,  t.  Hind.  25  m.  S.  S.  W.  Burb^m- 
pour. 

Busseto,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  S.  Cremona. 

Bussiere-Badil,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Nontron. 

Bussiere-Poifevine,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  N.  W; 
Bellac. 

Bussolin,  t.  Piedmont,  3  m.  S.  Susa. 

Bustard  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New-Holland. 
Lon.  208°  18'  W.  Lat.  24°  4'  S. 

Bustard  River,  Lower  Canada,  runs  into  the 
St.  Lawrence,  7  m.  W.  Manicougan-Point. 

Bustion,  t.  Persia,  60  m.  S.  E.  Lar. 

Bustion,  Cape,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  Lon.  54° 
32'  E.  Lat.  26°  36'  N. 

Bustletown,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  10  m.  N.  W. 
Philadelphia. 

Busto,  Cape,  Spain,  Lon.  6=  30'  W.  Lat.  43° 
37'  N. 

Bute,  isl.  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  frith  of 
Clyde,  15  miles  long,  and  containing  29,000  acres. 
Rothesay  is  the  on,ly  town  on  it.  Pop.  5,824. 18  m, 
W.  Greenock. 

Bute,  CO.  Scotland,  constituted  exclusively  of 
islands,  lying  near  the  mouth  of  the  frith  of  Clyde, 
viz.  Arran,  Bute,  Largs,  Little  Cumbrav,  and 
Inchmarnock.  Pop.  12,033.  Families  2,6"l9,  of 
whom  1,214  are  employed  in  agriculture,  and53t> 
in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Butera,  t.  Sicily,  15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Alicata. 

Buti,  \.  Tuscany,  20  nj.  N.  N.  E.  Leghorn. 

Bufifaras,  Cape,  Minorca,  Lon.  4°  13'  W.  Lai. 
39°  48'  N. 

Butler,  CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  Alleghany  riv- 
er, bounded  N.  by  Venango,  E.  by  Armstrong,  S. 
by  Alleghany,  W.  by  Beaver,  N.  W.  by  Mercer. 
Pop.  7,346.  Chief  t.  Butler. 

Butler,  p-t.  and  cap.  Butler  co.  Pa.  40  ra.  N. 
Pittsburg.  Pop.  458. 

Butler,  CO.  Alabama. 

Butler,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  2,18!.  Slaves,  274. 

Butler,  CO.  the  S.  W.  part  of*  Ohio,  on  Great 
Miami  river.  Pop.  in  1815,  11,800.  County  t. 
Hamilton. 

Butler,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Aflother, 
Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river,  7  m.  N. 
Dayton. 

Butrinto,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkev,  in  Albania,  oppo- 
site the  island  of  Corfu.     Lat.' 39°  44'  N. 

Buttenheim,  v.  Bavaria,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bam- 
berg. 

Butternuts,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  S.  W. 
Cooperstown.  Pop.  3,181. 

Butterworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m,  fr. 
Rochdale.  Pop.  4,872. 

Buttevant,  t.  Ireland,  21  m.  N.  Cork. 

Butthard,  t.  Bavaria,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Wurtzburg. 

Button-Mss,  cape,  Scotland.  Lon.  2°  45'  W. 
Lat.  56°  28'  N. 

Button''s  Islands,  ?it  the  S.  end  of  Hudson'-! 
straits.  Lon.  65°  10'  W.  Lat.  60°  18'  to  60° 
40' N. 

Buftool,  district  Hind,  in  Oude,  between  27°  and 
28°  N.  lat! 

Buttslcidt,  t.  Germany,  12  m.  N.  Weimar. 

Butzbach,  t  Germany,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Giessen, 

Butzow,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  24  m.  N.  E.  Schwerin.  Lon.  11°  55'  E.  Lat. 
53°  53'  N. 

Buxar,  t,  and  fort.  Hind,  i«  Bahar,  on  the  S 


138 


CAB 


bank  of  the  Ganges.  Lon.  83^  68' £,  Lat.  23* 
35' N. 

Buxheim,  v.  Bavaria,  3  m.  fr.  Memmingen. 

Buxtehude,  t.  Hanover,  16  ra.  W.  S.  W.  Ham- 
burgh. 

Buxton,  t.  Eng.  in  Derby,  situated  in  a  valley 
surrounded  by  hills,  celebrated  for  its  mineral  wa- 
ters. These  prove  efficacious  in  several  com- 
plaints, and  the  town  is  on  that  account  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids.  33  m.  N.  N.  W.  Derby,  159 
N.  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  934. 

Buxton,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river,  8 
m.  N.  W.  Saco,  40  N.  York.    Pop.  2,324. 

Buzancoisy  t.  Fra«ce,  14  m.  N.  W.  Chateau- 
roux. 

Bussano,  Cape,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Naplee. 
Lon.  160  34'  E.  Lat.  37°  57'  N. 

Buzzards  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Mass.  sets  up 
between  Seakonet  point,  on  the  W.  and  Kutta- 
hunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands,  on  the  E.  It 
is  40  miles  long,  by  7  wide,  and  approaches  within 
3i  miles  of  Barnstable-bay.  A  canal  to  connect 
them,  has  long  beca  in  contemplation.  See  Mas- 
•iachitsetts-bay. 


C  A  C 

Byhtrry,  t.  Pliiladelphia  co.  Pa.  Pop.  765. 

Byerley.     See  Bierley,  J^ortli. 

Byjield,  Y>^rish.,Essex  co.  Mass.  partly  in  RoW' 
ley,  and  partly  in  Newbury.  Pop.  755.  Here  is 
Dummer  Acadeviy,  well  endowed,  and  having  a 
good  library ;  also  an  academy  in  which  young  la- 
dies are  taught  the  higher  branches  of  education. 

Bygo7ibarry,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  W.  side  of  tlif 
Brahmapootra.     Lat.  24°  46'  N. 

Byker,  t.  Eng.  1  m.  E.  Newcastle. 

Bylan,  See  Bailan. 

Byram,  r.  runs  into  Long-Island  sound,  betweec 
Connecticut  and  New- York. 

Byram,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.     Fop,  591 . 

Byrd,  t.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Missouri. 

Byron,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New-Holland. 
Lon.  153°  30' E.     Lat.  28°  37'  N. 

Byron's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  173°  16' 
E.     Lat.  1°  18'  S. 

Byron'' s  Strait,  di^ddes  New  Ireland  from  New 
Hanover. 

Bywell,  V.  Eng.  in  Northumberland, 


Caamana,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.   Lon.  228°  17'  E.     Lat.  55°  29'  N. 
Cab,  el,  V.  Upper  Egypt,  10  m.  N.  Edfu. 
Cabaceiro,    peninsula,    E.   Africa,  opi)osite  to 
the  island  on  which  Mosambique  is  situated. 
Cabarda.     See  Kabarda. 

Ca6an7a,isl.  off  Jamaica.  Lon.  76°  40' W.  Lat. 
18°  24'  N. 

Cabarras,   co.  in   the  W.  part  of  N.  C.     Pop. 
6,158.     Slaves,  1,234.     Chief  t.  Concord. 

Cabeca  de  Vide,  t.  Portugal,  14  m.  S.   W.  Por- 
talegre. 

Cabeca  del  Mgro,  t.  Peru,  50  m.  S,  W.  Paria. 
Cabeca  de  Figuera,  t.  255  m.  N.  N.  W.  Buenos 
Ay  res. 

Cabecas,  Las,  t.  Spain,  12  m.  S.  Seville. 
Cabecas  Rubia^,  t.  Sjiain,  40  m.  N.  W.  3e\ille, 
Cabecon,  t,  Spain,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Valladolid. 
Cabecon,  t.  Spain,  18  m.  W.  S.  W.  Santandcr. 
CabeUo,  or  Carello,  Porto,  s-p.  Venezuela,  with 
an  excellent  harbour  and  bay.     It  is  on  a  penin- 
sula, 80  m.  W.  Caraccas.  Lon.  68°  16'  W.  Lat.  10° 
28'  N.     Pop.  7,500. 

Cabell  courthouse,  p-v.  Cabell  co.  Va. 
Cabellsburg,  t.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
Cabenda,  s-p.  Africa,  a  little  north  of  the  Zaire, 
in  Cacongo.     Lon.  12°  30'  E.     Lat.  5°  40'  S. 

Cabes,  or  Gabs,  t.  Tunis,  at  the  bottom  of  the 
gulf  of  Cabes.     Lon.  10°  20'  E.     Lat.  34°  N. 

Cabi,  an  independent  country  of  Soudan,  or  Ni- 
gritia,  in  Africa. 

Cabiari,  r.  New  Grenada,  falls  into  the  Apure. 
Cabin-point,  p-t.  Surry  co.  Va. 
Cabite.    See  Cavife. 

Cabo  de  Cruz,  point  on  the  S.  side  of  Cuba.  Lat. 
19°  48'  N. 

Cabo  de  St.  Juan,  the  N.  E.  point  of  Porto  Rico. 
Lat.  18°  24'  N. 

Cabo  Roxo,  «ape  en  the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
12O20'N. 


Cabot,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  IS  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  886.  It  is  on  the  height  of  land  be- 
tween the  Connecticut  and  Lake  Champlain . 

Cabra,  t.  Spain,  25  m.  9,  E.  Cordova. 

Cnbra,  the  port  of  Tombuctoo,  Africa. 

Cabrera.    See  Balearic  Islands. 

Cabrera,  off  Sardinia.  Lon.  9°  27' E.  Lat.4F 
15' N. 

Cabreres,  t.  France,  13  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cahors. 

Cabreze,  r.  E.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Manzora. 

Cabri,  i.  Persia,  40  ra.  S.  W.  Meschid. 

Cabron,  Cape,  St.  Domingo.     Lat.  19°  23'  N. 

Cabul,  Kabul,  or  Caubul,  a  province  of  the 
kingdom  of  Afghanistan,  lying  between  33°  and 
35°  N.  lat.  Its  boundaries  are  not  accurately 
known.  The  whole  kingdom  is  sometimes  called 
from  this  province,  Cabulistan,  or  Kabulistan- 
The  city  of  Cabul  is  the  chief  town. 

Cabul,  a  very  ancient  city,  and  cap.  of  Afghanis- 
tan. It  was  long  considered  as  the  gate  of  Hin- 
dostan  towards  'Tartary,  while  Kandahar  was  es- 
teemed the  gate  on  the  side  of  Persia.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  Abdally  or  Doorany  monarch,  and 
the  centre  of  a  considerable  commerce  between 
Tartary  and  Hindostan,  176  m.  N.  E  Kandahar. 
Lon.  68°  35'  W.     Lat.  34°  30'  N. 

Cahyna,  isl.  S.  of  Celebes.  Lon.  121°  53'  E. 
Lat.  5°  18'  S. 

Cacabelos,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  40  m.  N.  W.  Leon. 

Caccia,  Cape,  Sardinia.  Lon.  8°  19'  E.  Lat. 
40°  34'  N. 

Caccioma,  t.  Sardinian  states,  8  m.  N.  Biella. 

Cacella,  s-p.  Portugal.     Lon.  7°  28'  W. 

Caceras,  t,  Spanish  Estremadura,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Alcantara.  Lon.  5°  50'  W.  Lat.  39°  18'  N.  Pop. 
8,000. 

Caceres,  t.  Mexico,  70  m.  N.  W.  Yma.  Cruz. 
Cachan.     See  Cashan.  W 

Cachao,  Kacho,  Kecho,  or  Backhink,  city,  and 
cap.ofTonquin,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Songkoi. 


CAD 

^bout  80  m.  from  the  sea.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
commercial  resort.  Gold,  beautiful  silks,  and 
lackered  ware,  are  exported  in  large  quantities. 
Both  the  English  and  Dutch  had  commercial  es- 
tablishments here,  which  have  long  since  been 
withdrawn.  Lon.  105<^  15'  E.  Lat.  22°  36'  N. 
Pop.  40,000. 

Cachar,  country,  Asia,  between  Bengal  and 
Ava,  bounded  N.  by  Assam,  and  S.  by  Cassay.  It 
was  formerly  independent,  but  since  1775  has  been 
tributary  to  Birmah. 

Cache,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  White  river, 
50  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  St.  Francis  river.  It 
is  an  inconsiderable  settlement. 

Cachimaio,  r.  Peru,  falls  into  the  Pilcomaio. 

Cachimamo,  r.  Caraccas,  runs  S.  into  the  Ori- 
noco. 

Cachoeira,  t.  Brazil,  180  m.  S.  W.  St.  Francis- 
co. 

Cacongo,  kingdom,  W.  Africa,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Zaire,  which  separates  it  from  Congo,  and  N. 
by  Loango.     Malemba  is  the  principal  port. 

Cadalen,  t.  France,  19  m.  N.  iN.  W.  Castres. 

Cadenet,  t.  France,  31  m.  S.  E.  Avignon. 

Cadenso,  one  of  the  Laccadive  islands. 

Cadequia,  s-p.  Spain,  5  m.  N.  E.  Roses. 

Cadereita,  t.  Mexico.  Lon.  99°  22'  W.  Lat. 
20°  24'  N. 

Coder  Idris,  mt.  Wales,  in  Merionethshire. 

Caderojisse,  t.  France,  3  ra.  W.  Orange. 

Cadiapa/am,  Point,  Hind.  18  m,  N.  W.  Cape 
Comorin, 

Cadillac,  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne,  18  m.  S. 
W.  Bourdeaux. 

Cadiz,  (an.  Gadir  and  Gades)  city,  Spain,  45 
to.  N.  W,  Gibraltar,  60  S.  W.  Seville.  It  stands 
on  the  island  of  Leon,  at  the  extremity  of  a  long 
tongue  of  land,  projecting  in  a  N.  W.  direction. 
The  town  is  surrounded  by  the  sea  on  three  sides, 
which,  with  the  narrowness  of  the  land  communi- 
cation, prevents  its  capture  by  a  military  force, 
so  long  as  the  inhabitants  are  masters  of  the  sea. 
Cadiz  is  walled,  and  has  trenches  and  bastions  on 
the  land  side.  The  bay  of  Cadiz  is  a  vast  basin, 
inclosed  by  the  mainland  on  one  side,  and  by  the 
projecting  tongue  of  land  on  the  other,  and  is  one 
of  the  finest  bays  in  the  world.  It  is  defended  by 
four  forts.  It  is  the  grand  rendezvous  of  the  Span- 
ish navy.  This  city  has  long  been  the  principal 
trading  port  in  the  south  of  Spain  ;  but  its  com- 
merce has  fluctuated  greatly  in  consequence  of 
the  wars  of  the  French  revolution,  and  the  disor- 
ders in  Spanish  America.  Salt  is  made  in  great 
quantities  near  the  city.  The  pits  extend  from 
the  bay  of  Puntal  to  Santa  Maria,  and  belong  to 
government.  One  of  the  great  inconveniences  in 
Cadiz  is  the  want  of  good  water.  Ln  i.  6<^  17'  22" 
W.     Lat.  36®  32' N.     Pop.  about  70,000. 

Cadiz,  p-t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  2,>  in. 
W.  Steubenville,  125  E.  Columbus.  Pop.  in  iSlS, 
500. 

Cadis,  Straits  of,  is  that  part  of  the  Atlantic 
which  has  the  coasts  of  Algarve  and  Andalusia  on 
the  N.  those  of  Fez  and  Morocco  on  the  S.  and  the 
straits  of  Gibraltar  on  the  E. 

Cado,  r.  Arkansaw  territory,  one  of  the  branch- 
es of  Little  Red  river. 

Cadohburg,  t.  Bavaria,  18  ra.  N.  E.  Anspach. 

Cadore,  t.  Venetian  territory,  in  the  district  of 
Cadorin.  It  stands  near  the  Piave,  and  carries 
on  a  traffic  in  iron  and  timber,  15  ra.  N,  Belluno. 
Lon.  12°  17' E     Lat.  46°  25'  N, 


C  A  F 


139 


Cadonn  II  Cadorino,  a  district  in  the  Venetian 
territory,  on  the  frontiers  cf  Tyrol.     Pop  22,000. 

Cadmij-s,  t.  France,  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Toulouse, 

Cadron,  or  Quadrant,  p-t.  Arkansaw  Territory, 
on  Cadron  Bayou,  which  empties  into  the  Arkan- 
saw about  300  m.  above  the  town  of  Arkansaw. 
Here  are  several  establishments  for  the  fur-trade. 

Cadsand,  isl.  in  Flanders,  foi'med  by  the  sea, 
the  Wester  Scheldt,  and  other  rivers  and  canals. 
It  is  preserved  from  the  encroachments  of  the  sea, 
by  high  dikes  constructed  at  a  vast  expence. 

Cody,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor,  15  m.  N.  E.  Anam- 
sagia. 

Caen,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Calvados,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Odon,  into  the  Orne.  The  town  was  for- 
merly surrounded  by  a  high  wall.  It  has  long  been 
noted  for  its  university,  founded  in  1431  by  Henry 
VI.  of  England.  This  university  fell  into  neglect 
at  the  revolution  ;  but  was  revived  in  1803,  with 
the  title  of  an  academy.  The  inhabitants  manu- 
facture quantities  of  linen,  serges,  lace,  stockings 
and  caps.  Caen  has  always  been  a  favourite  re- 
treat of  the  English.  Pop.  36,000.  62  m.  W.byS. 
Rouen,  and  132  W.  bv  N.  of  Paris.  Lon.  0°  21' 
38"  W.     Lat.  49°  11' "12"  N. 

Caerleon,  t.  Eng.  in  Monmouth,  on  the  Usk,  148 
m.  W.London.     Lon.  3°  21' W.     Lat.  51°  39' N. 

Caermarthen,  co.  Wales,  bounded  N.  by  Cardi- 
gan, E.  by  Brecknock,  and  Glamorgan,  S.  by 
Bristol  channel,  and  W.  by  Pembroke.  It  con- 
tains ,926  sq.  miles,  or  590,640  acres,  228,000  of 
which  are  in  pasturage,  114,000  in  tillage,  and 
the  remainder  unfit  for  cultivation.  Pop.  77,217. 
Families  16,083,  of  which  number  9,878  are  occu- 
pied in  agriculture,  and  5,256  in  trade  and  manu- 
factures. 

Caermarthen,  t.  S.  Wales,  cap.  of  Caermarthen 
CO.  on  the  Towy,  10  m.  from  its  mouth.  Vessels 
of  300  tons  can  come  up  to  the  quay.  The  chief 
manufactures  are  tin  plate  and  iron.  Pop.  7,275. 
45  m.  W.  Brecon.  Lon.  4°  22'  W.  Lat.  52^ 
14' N. 

Caernarvon,  co.  N.  Wales,  bounded  N.  by  the 
sea,  E.  by  Denbighshire,  S.  by  Merioneth  and  the 
sea,  W.  by  the  Irish  sea  and  the  strait  of  Menai. 
It  contains  775  square  miles.  Pop.  49,336.  Fami- 
lies 10,187,  of  which  6,677  were  engaged  in  agri- 
culture, and  2,667  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Caernarvon,  t.  N.  Wales,  cap.  of  Caernarvon 
CO.  is  on  the  shore  of  tlie  strait  of  Menai.  Con- 
siderable trade  is  carried  on  with  London,  Bris- 
tol, Liveri)ool,  and  Ireland.  Copper  ore  and 
slates,  are  exported,  as  also  Kannel  and  stockings. 
9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bangor.  Lou.  4°  30'  W.  Lat.  53^5 
6'N. 

Caernarvon,  or  Earl,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  52 
m.  fr.  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1,084. 

Caerphilly,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan,  30  m.  S^ 
W.  Monmouth. 

Caerwent,  v.  Eng.  in  Monmouth,  17  m.  N.  W. 
Bristol. 

Caerwys,  t.  Wales,  5  m.  W.  Flint. 

Casarea,  city,  Palestine,  formerly  of  great  ce- 
lebrity, but  now  in  ruins.  It  stands  on  the  sea 
coast,  36  m.  fr.  Acre,  62  fr.  Jerusalem. 

Casarea  Philippi.     See  Dan. 

Ccesarea  river.     See  Cohayizie  creek. 

C(£sar''s  creek,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  649. 

Caffa,  or  Kaffa,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  Crimea, 
Its  harbor  is  capacious,  but  shallow.  It  was  de- 
clared, in  1798,  a  free  port  for  30  years,  and  is  now 
the  principal  commercial  town  in  the  peninsula. 


140 


C  A  J 


its  trade  coil^sts  principally  in  stufl's  of  Turkisli 
manufacture,  and  in  wine,  rice,  and  coffee.  The 
strait  of  Caffa,  otherwise  called  the  Cimmerian 
Bosphorus,  or  the  strait  of  Jenicale,  is  a  narrow 
channel  that  joins  the  sea  of  Asoph  to  the  Black 
sea.     Lon.  33°  12'  45"  E.  Lat.  45°  6'  30"  N. 

Caffraria.    See  Kaffraria. 

Caffre  Toura,  v.  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Nile, 
7  m.  S.  W.  Damietta. 

Cajiristan,  or  Keitore,  country  of  Asia,  between 
35°  and  37°  N.  lat.  and  69°  and  73°  E.  lon.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Badakhshan,  W.  by  Bulkh,  S.  by  Af- 
ghanistan, and  E.  by  Little  Thibet.  It  is  com- 
posed of  snowy  mountains,  deep  pine  forests,  and 
small,  but  fertile  rallies. 

Cagayan  Sooloo,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
118°  36' E.  Lat.  7°N. 

Cagli,  t.  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  20  m.  S. 
Urbino. 

Caglia,  Cape.     See  Matapan  Cape. 

Cagliari,  cap.  of  Sardinia,  in  the  gulf  of  Cag-' 
liari.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  viceioy  of  Sar- 
dinia, and  the  seat  of  a  royal  audience,  a  chan- 
cery, an  intendant,  an  archbishop,  and  an  uni- 
versity. The  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure.  The 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable  traffic  in  salt, 
oil,  and  wine.  Lon.  9°  5'  45"  E.  Lat.  39°  13' 
9"  N. 

Cagnano,  t.  Corsica,  14  m.  N.  Bastia. 

Cagnano,  t.  Lombardy,  15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Brescia. 

Cagnes,  t.  France,  in  Var,  6  m.  W.  Nice. 

Caguan,  t.  New  Grenada,  on  the  Magdzdena, 
105  m.  S.  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota.    Lat.  2°  40'  N. 

Cag'urria,  t  Spain,  in  Navarre,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Calahorra. 

Cahabon,  t  Mexico,  25  m.  W.  Vera  Paz. 

Cahawba,  Kakawba,  or  Cabo,  r.  Alabama,  after 
a  southerly  course,  joins  the  Alabama,  160  m.  be- 
low its  forks,  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa;  and  210 
Above  its  junction  with  the  Tombigbee. 

Cahawba,  co.  in  the  centre  of  Alabama,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Coosa  river,  and  intersected  by  the 
Cahawba. 

Cahawba,  t.  and  cap.  Dallas  co.  Alabama,  and 
seat  of  government  of  the  State,  at  the  junction 
of  Cahawba  river  with  the  Alabama,  77  m,  N.  E. 
St.  Stephens.    It  was  laid  out  in  1818. 

Cafutwba  falls,  p-v.  Louisiana,  210  m.  fr.  New 
Orleans. 

Cahete,  t  Bfazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  36  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Villa  Rica. 

Cahnawaga,  v.  in.  Johnstown,  N.  Y.  39  m.  W. 
Albany. 

Cahokia,  r.  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Mississippi,  '5 
ra.  below  St.  Louis. 

Cahokia,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois,  on 
the  Mississippi,  5  m.  below  St.  Louis,  52  N.  W, 
Kaskaskias.     Pop.  711. 

Cahoos  falls,  in  Mohawk  river,  3  m.  above  its 
mouth.  "The  river  here  is  about  1000  feet  wide ; 
the  rock,  over  which  it  pours,  extends  across  the 
river  in  a  direct  line  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  and  is 
70  feet  high.  From  the  bridge  |  of  a  mile  below, 
the  falls  are  in  full  view. 

Cahors,  t.  France,  cap.  of  the  dep.  of  the  Lot, 
on  the  Lot.  In  the  adjoining  country  is  raised  the 
famous  red  wine,  which  is  exported  by  Bour- 
deaux  to  England  and  Holland.  63  m.  N.  Tou- 
louse, 100  E.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  1°  27'  17"  E.  Lat. 
44°  25' 59"  N.     Pop.  10,136. 

Caiame,  r.  Peru,  enters  the  Amazons  fr.  the  S. 

Cajana,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  lake  Ulea, 
Lat.  64°  14' N.  -.  ,  ^.;^.-^. 


C  A  I 

Cqjare,  t.  France,  16  m.  E.  Cahors. 

Cajazso,  or  Gajazzo,  t.  Naples,  25  m.  N.  E.  Na,- 
ples. 

Caibar.     See  Khaibar. 

Caicos,  cluster  of  islands  between  St.  Domingo 
and  tlie  Bahamas.  The  largest  called  the  Grand 
Caico,  is  due  north  from  St.  Domingo.  Lat. 
21°  N. 

Caifa,  or  Haifa,  s-p.  Palestine,  13  m.  S.  W, 
Acre.     Lon.  35°  10'  E.  Lat.  32°  44' N. 

Cai-fong,  or  Kai-fong,  city,  China,  cap.  of  the 
province  of  Honan,  2  leagues  from  the  Hoang-h(v 
or  Yellow  river,  315  m.  S.  ^V.  Pekin.  Lon.  114° 
28' E.  Lat.  34°  53' N. 

Cai-kiem,  t.  China,  46  m.  N.  W.  Tchao-king. 

Cailack,  Point,  cape.  Scotland,  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  tlie  county  of  Ross,  7  m.  E.  Udrigil 
Head. 

Caillere,  La,  t.  France,  in  Vendee,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Lucon. 

Cailloma-,  t.  Peru,  near  some  rich  silver  mines, 
46  m.  N.  N.  E.  Arequipa,  140  S.  Cuzco. 

Cailly,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Rouen. 

Caimans,  or  Caymans,'^  small  islands,  55  leagues 
N.  N.  W.  Jamaica.  Great  Cayman  lies  in  lon. 
81°33'W.  lat.  19°  15' N. 

Caimites,  3  islands  near  the  W.  coast  of  His- 
paniola. 

Ca-Ira,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Va. 

Caimey  Hill,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire. 

Cairngorm,  moimtain,  Scotland,  between  the 
counties  of  Banff  and  Inverness ;  celebrated  for 
the  crystals  found  on  it,  called  cairngorms.  30  m. 
E.  Fort  Augustus. 

Cairo,  or  Kahirah,  the  metropolis  of  Egypt,  and 
the  centre  of  its  commerce,  stands  near  the  east 
bank  of  the  Nile,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
canal.  Lon.  31°  19'  43"  E.  Lat.  30°  2'  N.  The 
streets  are  winding  and  narrow,  and  are  not  pav- 
ed. Contrary  to  the  general  custom  of  the  east, 
the  houses  have  two  or  three  stories,  over  which 
is  a  terrace  of  stone  or  tiles.  They  have  the  air 
of  prisons  ;  for  they  have  no  light  from  the  street, 
as  it  is  extremely  dangerous  to  have  many  win- 
dows in  such  a  country.  The  edifices  in  which 
architectural  ornament  have  been  chiefly  bestow- 
ed, are  the  mosques,  and  the  tombs  of  the  Mame- 
lukes. 

The  castle  of  Cairo  is  built  on  a  hill  to  the  south 
of  the  city  ;  but  this  hill  being  commanded  by  one 
adjoining,  is  of  no  value  as  a  fortification.  From 
the  top  of  it,  however,  there  is  a  most  delightful 
prospect  of  Cairo,  the  Pyramids,  and  all  the  sur- 
rounding country.  The  well  in  the  castle,  com- 
monly called  Joseph's  Well,  is  about  270  feet  deep 
m  the  solid  rock  ;  and  there  is  a  paseage  down  by 
steps  carried  round  the  well. 

The  commerce  of  Cairo  is  very  extensive. 
Through  it  the  various  productions  of  Asia  and 
the  East  Indiee,  and  partly  also  those  of  Europe, 
are  transmitted  into  the  vast  regions  of  interior 
Africa.  The  communication  with  the  interior  of 
Africa  is  chiefly  maintained  by  three  caravans, 
which  go  to  Sennaar,  to  Darfur,  and  to  Mourzouk. 
The  returns  are  made  in  gold,  ivory,  senna,  gums, 
hides,  and  above  all  in  slaves.  Specimens  of  al- 
most all  the  native  tribes  of  the  continent,  are  to 
be  seen  in  the  slave  market  of  Cairo.  The  trade 
with  Europe  is  carried  on  wholly  by  the  channel 
of  Alexandria.  The  population  is  variously  esti- 
mated from  250,000  to  700,000. 

Cairo,  Old,  city,  Egypt,  called  anciently  Ff  stat, 
on  the  Nile,  about  lv»o  miles  S.  of  New  or  Grsai 


C  A  L 


C  A  L 


141 


Cairo.  It  is  in  a  ^eat  measure  inhabited  by  Copts, 
and  is  the  residence  of  the  patriarch  of  the  Coptic 
church. 

Cairo,  t.  Piedmont,  in  the  duchy  of  Montferrat, 
on  the  Bormida,  18  ni.  S.  Acqui.     Pop.  4,000. 

Cairo,  formerly  Canton,  p-t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
10  m.  N.  W.  Catskill.     Pop.  2,055. 

Cairo,  t.  Alexander  co.  Illinois,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Ohio  with  the  Missisippi,  80  m.  S.  Kaskas- 
kias. 

Cairo,  or  Craig  fort,  p-t.  Sumner  co.  Ten.  on 
Cumberland  river,  30  m.  above  Nashville. 

Cairoan.     See  Kairwan. 

Cairun.     See  Caroon, 

Caiston,  t.  Eng.  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lincoln. 

Caithness,  county  in  the  N.  of  Scotland,  boun- 
ded N.  by  Pentland  frith,  E.  by  Murray  frith  and 
the  German  ocean  ;  S.  and  W.  by  the  county  of 
Sutherland.  It  contains  618  square  miles.  Pop. 
23,419.  Families  4,714,  of  which  number  3,270 
were  engaged  in  agriculture,  838  in  manufactures 
and  ti-ade. 

Caithness,  Ord  of,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scot- 
land.    Lon.  3°  13'  W.  Lat.  58°  12'  N. 

Cajeli,  district  of  Macassar,  in  Celebes. 

Cajeli,  or  Boure,  t.  cap.  of  the  island  of  Bouro, 
in  a  bay,  on  the  N,  E.  coast.  Lon.  127°  30'  E. 
Lat.  3°  22'  S. 

Calaat  el  Acaba.     See  Accaba. 

Calaat  Erroan,  fort,  Syria,  50  m.  N.  Aleppo. 

Calaat  el  Moilah,  fort,  Arabia  Petraea,  on  the 
Red  Sea.     Lat.  28°  10' N. 

Calabar,  Old,  territory,  W.  Africa,  on  Calabar 
river.  Its  principal  place,  Duke  Town,  is  in  about 
8°  E.  lon.  5°  40'  N.  lat. 

Calabar,  J^ew,  river  and  town^  about  80  m.  W. 
Old  Calabar. 

Calabozo,  t.  Venezuela,  156  m.  S.  Caraccas. 
Lat.  8°  34'  N.     Pop.  4,800. 

Calabria,  a  province  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples, 
separated  from  Sicily  by  the  strait  of  Messina,  and 
bounded  N.  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Taranto,  E.  S.  and 
W.  by  the  Mediterranean.  A  branch  of  the  Ap- 
penines  crosses  the  province,  dividing  it  into  Cala- 
bria Citra,  on  the  N.  and  Calabria  Ultra,  on  the 
S.  Both  divisions  are  extremely  fertile,  and  pro- 
Aiuce  great  quantities  of  fruit,  oil,  wine,  grain, 
rice,  hemp,  cotton,  flax,  wood,  saffron,  and  manna. 
Pop.  about  750,000,  of  which  number,  Calabria 
Citra  cojitains  345,000,  and  Calabria  Ultra 
405,000. 

Calabrito,  t.  Naples,  in  the  principatp  Citra,  8 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Acerno. 

Calacad,  t.  Hind.  13  m.  S.  S.  W.  Tinnevelly. 

Calaceri,  t.  Hind,  45  m.  N.  Travancore. 

Calaginehra,  isl.  near  Sardinia.  Lon.  9°  57'  E. 
Lat.  40°  25'  N. 

Calahorra,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  near  the 
Ebro,  62  m.  N.  W.  Saragossa.  Lon.  2^  6'  W.  Lat. 
42°  16'  N. 

Calais,  s-p.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  opposite 
Dover,  It  is  surrounded  with  a  moat  and  wall, 
and  defended  by  a  very  large  citadel.  It  has  an 
easy  communication  by  means  of  canals  with  St. 
Omer,  Gravelines,  Andres,  Bourbourg,  and  Dun- 
kirk. The  harbor  is  not  large,  and  is  too  much 
obstructed  with  sand  to  admit  large  vessels,  or 
even  common  merchantmen,  except  at  high  wa- 
ter. The  inhabitants  derive  their  principal  sup- 
port from  the  intercourse  witji  England.  20  m. 
N.  E.  Boulogne,  25  S.  W.  Dunkirk.  I^at.  50°  57' 
N. 
Calaii,  p-t.  Washington  co,  Maine,  on  Passama- 


quoddy  river,  35  m.  N.  E.  Machias.     Pop.  372. 

Calais,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  9  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  841. 

Calamat,  t.  Persia,  on  the  coast  of  Mekran. 
Lon.  63°  4'  E. 

Calamata,  (the  ancient  Theramene)  t.  Turkey, 
in  the  Morea,  on  the  river  Spinazza.  Lon.  22°  E. 
Lat.  73°  10'  N. 

Calamianes,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  eastern 
seas.     Lon.  120°  20'  E.  Lat.  12°  N. 

Calamon,  anciently  Calamos,  t.  on  the  coast  of 
Syria,  10  m.  S.  Tripoli. 

Calanee,  t.  Ceylon,  6  m.  N.  E.  Colombo. 

Calanore,  district  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between  31° 
and  32°  N.  lat.  CaluTwre,  the  capital,  is  70  m.  E. 
Lahore.     Lon.  75°  E.  Lat.  Hl^  51'  N. 

Cala-scibetta,  i.  Sicily,  10  m.  W.  Catania. 

Calasiri,  t.  Hind.  65  m.  N.  W.  Madras. 

Calatagirone,  t.  Sicily,  30  m.  S.  W.  Catania,  37 
N.  W.  Syracuse.     Pop.  15,000. 

Calatayud,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Xalon, 
37  m.  S.  W.  Saragossa.  Lon.  1°  33'  W.  Lat.  41<3 
28' N. 

Calatrava,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  on  the  Gua- 
diana,  12  m.  N.  E.  Ciudad  Real. 

Calaur  Islands,  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  121° 
E.  Lat.  6°  50'  S. 

Calayan,  the  most  northerly  of  the  Babuyanes 
islands.    Lon.  121°  30'  E.  Lat.  19°  28'  N. 

Calhe,  t.  Prussia,  20  m.  S.  Magdeburg. 

Calbe,  t.  Prussia,  36  m.  W.  S.  W.  Brandenburg. 

Calberga,  t.  Hind.    Lon.  77°  8'  E.  Lat.  1 7°  17'  N. 

Calbuco,  t.  Island  of  Chiloe,  in  Chili. 

Calcar,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
the  Lower  Rhine,  6  m.  S.  E.  Cleves. 

Cakasiu,  r.  Louisiana,  empties  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  E.  of  the  Sabine.  Before  entering  the 
gulf  it  spreads  out  into  a  broad  lake,  and  then  con- 
tracts again  into  a  narrow  river. 

Calcaylares,  or  Calca  and  Lares,  province  of 
Peru,  bounded  S.  by  Quispicanchi,  E.  by  Paucar- 
tambo,  S.  W.  by  Cuzco,  W.  by  Abancay,  N.  and 
N.  E.  by  the  Andes.  Pop.  10,000.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Vilcomayo. 

Calchaguay,  province.  Chili,  between  the  riv- 
ers Cachapool  and  Teno,  and  between  the  Andes 
and  the  sea.     St.  Fernando  is  tlie  capital. 

Calcinato,  t.  Lomhardy,  on  the  Chiese,  10  m.E. 
Brescia. 

Calcio,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Oglio,  15  m.  W. 
Brescia. 

Calcutta,  city,  Bengal,  and  capital  of  all  the 
British  possessions  in  Hindostan,  stands  on  tlie  E. 
bank  of  Bhagirutti  or  Hoogly  river,  about  100 
miles  from  the  sea.  Opposite  to  the  town  there  is 
good  anchorage  for  ships  of  500  tons  burden,  but 
larger  vessels  are  obliged  to  stop  at  Diamond  har- 
bor, about  50  miles  down  the  river.  Fort  Wil- 
liam stands  on  the  side  of  the  Ganges,  and  com- 
mands the  river.  It  is  so  extensive  as  to  require, 
in  case  of  a  siege,  a  garrison  of  10,000  or  15,000 
men. 

Calcutta  is  inhabited  by  merchant?  of  all  coun- 
tries of  the  world,  and  500,000  natives.  The 
houses  belonging  to  the  English,  are  well  built  of 
bfick,  and  many  of  them  more  resemble  the  pala- 
ces of  monarchs,  than  the  houses  of  merchants. 
The  habitations  of  tlie  natives  are  in  general  of 
one  story,  and  built  of  earth.  This  city  is  the 
grand  emporium  of  the  east.  Its  commerce  is 
very  extensive  i^  sugar,  salt,  opium,  silks,  mus- 
lins, calicoes,  &c. ;  3ie  vcUue  of  which  is  nearly 
10  millions  per  annum. 


142 


O  A  L 


C  A  L 


It  is  the  seat  of  the  metropolitan,  who,  undei* 
the  title  of  bishop  of  Calcutta,  has  the  supcrin- 
tendance  of  all  the  ecclesiastical  affairs  of  India. 
An  institution  called  the  Asiatic  Society,  was  es- 
tablished here  by  Sir  Williajn  Jones,  and  a  college 
founded  at  Fort  William  by  the  marquis  Welles- 
ley,  in  which  are  professoi-s  of  English,  Mahome- 
tan, and  Hindoo  laws,  history,  geogi-aphy,  natural 
history,  &c.  In  1816  a  collejje  was  established 
by  the  Hindoos  for  the  instruction  of  their  sons  in 
the  English  and  Indian  languages,  and  in  the  lite- 
rature and  science  of  Europe  and  Asia.  This 
institution  was  projected,  and  is  superintended 
and  supported  by  the  Hindoos  themselves.  More 
recently  still,  a  Mission  college  has  been  estab- 
lished under  the  direction  of  the  bishop  of  Cal- 
cutta, which  has  been  generously  endowed  with 
15,000/.  by  three  religious  charitable  societies  in 
Great  Britain.  One  principal  object  of  the  mis- 
sion college  is  to  prepare  the  natives,  and  others, 
to  become  preachers,  catechists,  and  schoolmas- 
ters. The  Baptists  and  several  other  denomina- 
tions have  missionaries  in  this  city.  The  envi- 
rons of  Calcutta  are  occupied  by  gardens  and 
country  houses,  many  of  which  are  pleasantly 
situated.  In  1802,  tlie  population,  within  a  cir- 
cuit of  20  miles,  was  estimated  at  2,225,000.  Lon. 
88°  28'  E.  Lat.  22°  34'  N. 

Caldas,  t.  Portugal,  10  m.  E.  Peniche. 

Caldas  de  Gerez,  v.  Portugal,  3  m.  fr.  Monta- 
legre. 

Caldas  de  Monbuy,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  cele- 
brated for  its  hot  mineral  waters.  15  m.  N.  Bar- 
celona, 

Caldecot,  v.  Eng.  in  Monmouthshire. 

Calder,  r,  Eng.  runs  into  the  Aire. 

Calder,  v.  Scotland,  4  m.  S.  Nairn. 

Calder,  Mid,  v.  Scotland,  12  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Caldera,  s-p.  Chili,  10  m.  N.  Copiapo. 

Calderola,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  20  m.  W. 
Fermo. 

Calderone,  or  Giadurognissa,  3  small  islands  in 
the  Mediterraneai>,  about  15  m.  S.  Candia. 

Caldiero,v.  Italy,  9  m.  S.  E.  Verona. 

Caldwell,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on 
lake  George,  62  m.  N.  Albany.  Pop.  560.  The 
old  Fort  George  is  in  this  township. 

Caldwell,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  adjoining  Newark 
ontheN.  W.     Pop.  2,235. 

CaldweW s-bridge,  p-v.  Franklin  co.Ten. 

Caledon,  a  missionary  station  of  the  London  So- ' 
ciety,  in  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  150 
m.  E.  Cape-town. 

Caledon  Bay,  New  Holland.  Lon.  136°  35'  E. 
Lat.  12°  47'  S'. 

Caledonia,  port,  on  the  isthmus  of  Darien.  Lon. 
77°  36' W.  Lat.  8°  30' N. 

Caledonia,  J^ew,  isl.  S.  Pacific  ocean,  240  miles 
long.  The  inhabitants  are  cannibals.  Lon.  163° 
37'  to  167°  14'  E.  Lat.  19°  37'  to  2<2P  30'  S. 

Caledonia,  co.  Vt.  bounded  N.  by  Essex  co.  E. 
by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by  Orange  co.  W.  by 
Washington  and  Orleans  counties.  Chief  towns, 
Danville  and  Peacham.  Pop.  18,730.  It  is  wa- 
tered by  the  Pasumpsic,  Onion,  and  Lamoil  riv- 
ers. 

Caledonia,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee 
river,  31  m.  W.  Canandaigua,  17  N.  E.  Batavia, 
chiefly  settled  by  emigrants  from  Scotland.  Pop. 
2,355.  The  Big  Springs  here,  nr  BR  curiosity.  They 
discharge  water  enough,  at  all  seasons,  to  supply 
numerous  mills.    In  this  town,  gypsum  is  abun- 


dant.    There  is  here  a  large  mound  called  Bone 
Hill,  principally  composed  of  human  bones. 

Caledonia,  v.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Calemicks,  Big  and  Little,  2  small  rivers,  which 
empty  into  lake  Michigan,  at  its  southern  bend. 

Calenberg,  a  principality  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  Hanover  and  Ila^ 
meln  are  the  chief  towns.     Pop.  141,500. 

Calepio,  t.  Lombardy,  )2  ra.  E.  Bergamo. 

Calf-pasture,  or  North  river,  Va.  runs  into 
James  river,  at  its  passage  through  the  Blue  ridge. 
It  is  one  third  as  large  as  the  main  stream. 

Calhuco,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat.  42^  40'  S. 

Call,  or  Santiago  de  Cali,  city,  of  Quito,  on  the 
Canca,  87  m,  fr.  Popayan,  74  fr.  the  port  of 
Buenaventura.     Lon.  76°  23'  W.  Lat.  3°  24'  S. 

Calian,  t.  Hind.  32  m.  N.  E.  Bombay. 

Calicoy  r.  Turkey,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Salo- 
niki. 

Calicoofe,  t.  Hind.  20  m.  N.  W.  Ganjam. 

Calicoulan,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Malabar.  Lat.  9*^ 
12'  N. 

Calicut,  district,  Hind,  on  the  Malabar  coast.  It 
was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  1792.  Calicut, 
the  capital,  is  95  m.  S.  W.  Seringapatam.  Lon,, 
75O60'E.  Lat.  11°  15' N. 

California,  Old,  a  province  of  Mexico,  or  New 
Spain.  It  is  a  peninsula,  extending  from  the  bay 
of  All-Saints,  in  lat.  32°  to  cape  St.  Lucas,  in  lat. 
22°  48'  N.  and  bounded  N.  by  New  California,  E. 
by  the  gulf  of  California,  and  W.  by  the  Pacific. 
A  ridge  of  mountains  runs  through  the  centre  of 
the  peninsula.  The  soil  is  generally  barren.  The 
Jesuits  made  the  first  establishments  here  in  1742. 
Since  their  expulsion,  the  Dominican  monks  of  the 
city  of  Mexico  have  had  charge  of  the  missions. 
The  country  contains  55,000  square  miles,  but  in 
1803  only  9,000  inhabitants.  The  population  has 
much  diminished  within  the  last  40  years,  owing 
to  the  ravages  of  tlie  small-pox. 

California,  New,  a  province  of  Mexico,  or  New 
Spain,  wliich  extends  from  the  isthmus  of  Old 
California,  or  the  bay  of  Todos  Santos,  to  Cape 
Mendocino,  in  N.  lat.  40°  19'.  It  is  a  narrow 
tract  of  country,  600  miles  long,  and  contains 
16,000  square  miles.  The  soil  is  as  well  watered 
and  fertile,  as  that  of  Old  California  is  arid  and 
stony.  The  climate  is  more  mild  than  in  the 
same  latitude  on  the  eastern  coast.  Good  wine 
is  now  made  in  most  of  the  villages  established  by 
the  Spaniards  alons:  the  coast,  S.  and  N.  of  Mon- 
terey, to  beyond  37°  N.  lat.  The  European  olive 
is  also  successfully  cultivated  in  several  of  the 
settlements.  The  country  abounds  in  fish  and 
game  of  every  description:  hares,  rabbits,  and 
stags,  are  very  common  ;  seals  and  otters  are  also 
found  in  prodigious  numbers.  There  are  18  mis- 
sionary settlements,  formed  by  the  Spaniards  oa 
the  coast,  which,  within  a  few  years,  have  made 
great  progress  in  population.  Including  the  In- 
dians who  were  settled,  and  had  begun  to  culti- 
vate the  fields,  the  population  in  1790,  was  7,748, 
and  in  1802,  15,562,  of  whom  1,300  were  white?; 
mestizoes,  and  mulattoes. 

Calignana,  t.  Istria,  37  m.  S.  Trieste. 

Calimene,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lon. 
26°  44'  E.  Lat.  37°  2'  N. 

Calinacron,  cape,  iu  the  Black  sea,  20  m.  E. 
Constantinople. 

Calingapataw,  t.  Hind,  on  the  sea  coast,  12  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Cicacole,  70  N,  E.  Seringapatam,  Lon. 
84°  15' E.  Lat.  18°  25' N. 


C  A  L 

Culipari,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Squil- 
lace.    Lon.  16°  50'  E.  Lat.  38°  32'  N. 

Caliparuin,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetore,  32  m.  W. 
X)amicotta. 

Calitoor,  fort,  Ceylon,  28  m.  S.  Colombo. 

Calitri,  t.  Naples,  in  principato  Ultra,  33  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Benevento. 

Calix,  t.  gweden,  in  W.  Bothnia,  22  m.  W. 
Tornea. 

Caiix,  r.  Sweden,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Both- 
«ia,  20  m.  W.  Tornea. 

Calix,  Ofver,  t.  Sweden,  in  W.  Botlinia,  50  m. 
N.  W.  Tornea. 

Calia-calla,  r.  Chili,  enters  the  Valdivia  near 
the  city  of  that  name. 

CaUabash  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  77°  25'  E.  Lat.  17°  53'  N. 

C'allac,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  W.  Gningamp. 

Callacand,  t.  Hind.  42  m.  N.  by  E.  Cape  Co- 
morin. 

Callacoil,  t.  Hind.  60  m.  S.  Tanjore. 

Callaglian' s,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Va. 

CaHah.     See  Gellah. 

Callah,  el,  t.  Algiers.  It  contains  an  extensive 
manufactory  of  carpets  and  burnooses.  40  m.  E. 
Oran. 

Callan,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny,  on  the  King's 
river. 

Callander,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  on  the 
Teth,  51  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Calland's  store,  p-v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Pa. 

Callant^s  Oog,  v.  Holland  on  the  sea  coast. 

Callao,  s-p.  Peru.  It  is  the  port  of  Lima,  from 
which  city  it  is  2  leagues  distant,  and  it  carries  on 
a  great  commerce  with  the  other  provinces  of 
South  America,  and  with  Europe.  Numerous 
batteries  command  the  port  and  road,  which  is 
the  most  commodious  and  safe  on  the  whole  coast 
of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Two  islands,  and  the  penin- 
sula which  nearly  reaches  them,  defend  vessels 
from  the  south  wind ;  towards  the  west  and  north 
it  is  open,  but  the  winds  never  blow  with  violence 
from  these  quarters.  The  sea  is  always  tranquil, 
and  there  is  anchorage  every  where  in  deep  wa- 
ter. The  houses  are  generally  built  of  slight  ma- 
terials, stone  houses  being  apt  to  suffer  from 
earthquakes,  which  are  frequent  here.  The  most 
remarkable  of  these  happened  in  1746,  when 
three-fourths  of  Lima  was  laid  in  ruins,  and  Cal- 
lao entirely  demolished.  Lon.  77°  4'  W,  Lat.  12° 
2'  S. 

Callao,  or  Campello,  isl.  8  m.  from  the  coast  of 
Cochin-China.     Lon.  108°  30'  E.  Lat.  15°  55'  N. 

Callas,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  E.  Draguignam. 

Calle  la,  fort,  on  the  coast  of  Algiers,  formerly 
the  principal  factory  of  the  French  African  com- 
pany.   75  m.  W.  Tunis. 

Callenberg,  v.  Saxony,  48  m.  W.  S.  W.  Dres- 
den. 

Callian,  t  France,  56  m.  N.  E.  Toulouse. 

Callian.     See  Gallian. 

Callianee,  t.  Hind.  65  m.  W.  Beeder.  Lon.  77° 
33'  E.  Lat.  17°  22'  N. 

Calliano,  v.  Tyrol,  near  the  Adige,  6  ra.  from 
Trent. 

Callianpour,  t.  Hind,  on  the  sea  coast,  36  m.  N. 
by  W.  Mangalore.     Lat.  13°  18'  N. 

Calliaqna,  t.  and  harbour  at  the  S.  W.  end  of 
St.  Vincent. 

Calligong,  district  of  Bengal,  between  24°  and 
25°  N.  lat.  and  88°  and  89°  E.  lon.     Its  chief  town 
J«  Doolabary. 
Callinger,  district  of  AllaUabad,  in  Hiad.  be- 


C  A  L 


143 


tween  »4°  and  26°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  the  riv- 
er Jumna,  and  W.  by  Chatterpore.  In  1303,  it 
was  ceded  by  the  Mahrattas  to  the  Britisli.  Cal- 
linger, the  capital  is  a  strong  and  very  celebrated 
Ibrt.     Lon.  80°  22'  E.  Lat.  24°  58'  N. 

Callington,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  10  m.  S. 
Launceston. 

Calliondrog,  fort.  Hind.  44  m.  S.  by  E.  Bellary 
Lat.  14°  30r  N. 

Cahnuc.     See  Kalirmc. 

Calmar,  t.  Sweden,  on  Kalmar  sound,  in  the  Bal- 
tic,7  m.  from  the  island  of  Oland,  which  lies  directly 
opposite.  On  the  side  next  the  harbour,  it  is  sur- 
rounded with  double  walls  and  ditclies,  and  out- 
side the  town,  on  tlie  Sound,  stands  the  castle  of 
Calmar,  which  is  deemed  one  of  the  strongest  pla- 
ces in  Sweden.  The  harbour  is  small,  but  secure. 
The  commerce  of  the  town  was  formerly  very  con- 
siderable, but  a  great  part  of  it  has  been  transfer- 
red to  Stockholm.  Pop.  4,000.  150  m.  N.  E.  Co- 
penhagen, 190  S.  S.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  16°  26 
E.  Lat.  56°  40'  30"  N. 

Cabnina,  large  t  Dahomy,  in  Africsu  Pop. 
15,000. 

Calne,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  19  m.  E.  Bath.  Pop. 
3,457. 

Cain,  East,  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop.  974.  Cain, 
fTe*/,  adjoining  it.     Pop.  1,003. 

Calneli,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  probably  the  same  as 
Ctesiphon,  on  the  Tigris,  3  m.  from  Selucia. 

Caloiera,  or  Calogera,  isl.  inthe  Archipelago,  15» 
m.  S.  Andros. 

CaloLitnno,  isl.  in  the  Propontis,  anciently  call- 
ed Besbicus.     Lon.  28°  31'  E.  Lat.  40°  21'  N. 

Calota,  city,  S.  America,  in  Popayan,  on  the 
Magdalena,  near  its  source. 

Caloude,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad.  Lon.  75°  28' 
E.  Lat.  18°  42'  N. 

Calowz,  district.  Hind,  about  32°  N.  lat.  boun- 
ded N.  by  Kaugrah,  E.  by  Besseer,  S.  by  Nhan, 
and  W.  by  the  Punjab.     Its  capital  is  Bellaspore. 

Calpe,  t.  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia.  Lat, 
38°  37'  N. 

Calpenteen,  fort  and  lai^e  native  village,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ceylon,  90  m.  N.  Colombo,  100  S.  Jaff- 
na. It  is  a  station  of  the  Church  Missionary  So- 
ciety.    Lon.  79°  50'  E.  Lat.  8°  20'  N. 

Calpy,  t.  Hiiia.  in  Agra,  on  the  Jumna.  It  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade,  and  the  entrepot  for 
the  transportation  of  cotton  from  the  western  and 
southern  provinces  into  the  British  territories. 
Lon.  79°  48'  E.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. 

Caltura,  v.  and  fort  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ceylon, 
28  m.  S.  Colombo.  The  We.=leyan  Methodists 
have  schools  here  in  which  more  than  500  chil- 
dren receive  instruction. 

Calvados,  rocks  on  the  N.  coast  of  Normandy. 
Lat.  49°  22'  N. 

Calvados,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  E. 
by  Eure,  S.  by  Orne,  W.  by  La  Manche,  and  N.  by 
the  English  channel.     Pop.  505,500. 

Calver,  t.  Eng.  Derby  co.  10  m.  from  Chestei'- 
field, 

Calterleigh-,  t.  Ehg.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Bradford. 

Calvert,  co.  Md.  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Chesa<;^ 
peake,bounded  N.  by  Anne-Arundell  co.  S.  W.  bj- 
St.  Mary's  co.  W.  by  Prince  George  co.  Pop. 
8,005 ;  slaves,  3,937.  Chief  town.  Prince  Frederick. 

Calvi,  fortified  t.  Corsica,  38  m.  W.  S.  W.  Bai, 
tia. 

Calvi,  t.  Naples,  7  m.  N.  Capua. 

CoiHsano,  t  Italy,  12m.  S.  S.E.  Brescis,' 


144 


C  A  M 


Calvisson,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Nismes. 

Calvizzano,  large  v.  near  Naples. 

C'aluma,  r.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  about 
60  m.  N.  Sierra  Leone. 

Caluma,  r.  Quito,  enters  the  Babahayo. 

Calumasee,  r.  Michigan,  runs  into  Lake  Michi- 
gan, N.  of  Black  river. 

Calumet,  t.  Pike  co.  Missouri. 

Calrorde,  t.  Germany,  in  Brunswick,  21  m.  N. 
W.  Magdeburg. 

Caluso,  t.  Piedmont,  5  m.  N.  Chivalso. 

CaMo,  t.  S.  America,  70  m.  E.  S.  E.  Pepayan. 

Calw  or  Calbe,  t.  Wirtemberg,  16  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Stutgard.     Lon.  8°  50'  E.  Lat.  48°  47  N. 

Calymere,  the  S.  point  «f  the  Carnatic.  Lon. 
79°  55'  E.  Lat.  10°  23'  N. 

Calzada,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  40  m.  W.  Cal- 
ahorra. 

Cam,  r.  Eng.  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rhee 
and  the  Granta,  near  Cambridge,  and  falls  into 
the  Ouse  among  the  Fens . 

Catn,  V.  Eng.  Gloucester  co.  1  m.  N.  Dursley. 

Cam,  r.  Eng  runs  into  the  Severn,  6  m.  N.  N.  Ei. 
Berkley. 

Camana,  province,  Peru,  bordering  on  the  Pa- 
cific. Camana,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Mages,  about 
2  leagues  from  the  sea;  70  m.  W.  Arequipa.  Lat. 
16°  17'  S. 

Camaran,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  off  cape  Israol,  on 
the  coast  of  Arabia.     Lat.  15°  6'  N. 

Camarana,  r.  Sicily,  runs  into  the  sea  on  the  S. 
roast.     Lon.  13°  32'  E. 

Camarasa,t.  Spain,  8  m.  N.  E.  Balaguer. 

Camarca,  t.  Samos,  5  m.  W.  N.  W.  Cora. 

Camaret,  s-p.  France,  8  m.  S.  Brest. 

Camaret,  v.  France,  4  m.  N.  E.  Orange. 

Camargos,  t.  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  35  m. 
N.  E.  Villa-Rica. 

Camargue,  a  cluster  of  islands,  France,  in  the 
Mouth  of  the  Rhone,  separated  from  each  other  by 
C5anals. 

Camarines,  tiie  most  southern  province  of  Lu- 
con,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands. 

Camarioca,  t.  Cuba,  15  m.  E.  Havannah, 

Camaron,  Cape,  on  tlie  coast  of  Honduras.  Lon. 
84°  54'  W.  Lat  15°  30'  N. 

Camarones,  r.  W.  Africa.  Its  mouth  is  in  lat. 
3°30'S. 

Camarones,  r.  Patagonia.  Its  mouth  is  in  lat. 
44^  45'  S. 

Cambal,  mountainous  and  fertile  district,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Abyssinia. 

Cambui/,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  at  the  top  of 
the  gulf  of  Cambay.  It  was  formerly  a  very 
flourishing  town,  but  owing  to  tlie  dangers  of  the 
navigation  of  the  gulf,  the  trade  has  much  de- 
creased, and  is  chiefly  confined  now  to  cotton  and 
cornelians,  which  are  carried  to  Bombay.  In 
1803  it  was  ceded  to  the  British.  Lon.  72°  45'  E. 
Lat.  22°  23'  N. 

Camberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  22  m.  N. 
Mentz,  30  E.  Coblentz. 

Cambergarn,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowiatabad,  8  m.  S. 
W.  Amednagur. 

Camberwell,  v.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  2i  m.  S.  Lon- 
don. 

Camho,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  8  ra.  S. 
by  E.  Bayonne. 

Cambodia,  Gamboge,  or  Camboya,  country,  Asia, 
on  the  E.  shore  of  the  gulf  of  Siam,  bounded  N.  by 
Laos,  E.  by  Cochin  China,  and  Tsiampa,  W.  by 
Sfcim,  and  S.  by  the  sea.    It  fe  about  ^  miles 


CAM 

loag,  trom  N.  to  S.  and  150  broad.  It  is  v/atered 
by  a  fine  river,  generally  called  Cambodia  river. 
The  soil  is  exceedingly  fertile,  producing  rice,  le- 
gumes, and  fruits,  as  well  as  many  medicinal 
plants.  Elephants,  lions,  and  tigers  are  found 
here ;  and  cattle  are  very  plentiful.  Silk  and 
ivory  arc  abundant.  Though  Cambodia  contains 
valuable  commodities,  it  carries  on  little  traffic 
with  other  nations,  and  there  are  few  countries 
with  which  Europeans  are  less  acquainted.  Lat. 
90  to  140  N. 

Cambodia,  city,  cap.  of  the  country  of  Cambo- 
dia, is  situated  on  Cambodia  river,  160  or  170 
miles  from  the  sea.  Lon.  104°  35'  E.     Lat.  13°  N. 

Cambodia,  r.  Asia,  called  also  Kiou-Long,  May- 
kanng,  Mecon  or  Micon,  and  Japanese.  It  rises 
among  the  mountains  of  Thibet,  and  passing  the 
province  of  Yun-nan,  in  China,  and  the  country  of 
Laos  and  Cambodia,  falls  into  the  Chinese  sea  by 
several  mouths.  This  river  is  navigable  by  the 
largest  vessels,  40  leagues  from  its  mouth. 

Cambodia,  Cape,  the  southern  extremity  of 
Cambodia,  in  the  gulf  of  Siam.  Lon.  106°  E. 
Lat.  10°  N. 

Cambona,  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon. 
125°  45'  E.     Lat.  5°  22'  S. 

Camborne,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Truro. 

Cambray,  t.  France,  in  the  dep.  of  the  North, 
on  the  Scheld.  The  citadel  is  one  of  the  strongest 
in  Europe.  The  manufactures  are  a  very  fine 
species  of  linen,  which  has  received  from  this 
place  the  name  of  cambric  ;  alsothfead,  soap,  and 
leather  ;  15  m.  S.  E.  Douay,  110  N.  N.  E.  Paris. 
Lon.  3°  13' 47"  E.    Lat.  50°  10'  37"  N. 

Cambray,  or  Gwerneur,  p-v.  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.Y. 

Cambria,  p-t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Niagara 
river.  Pop.  1,465.  It  contains  the  post  villages 
o{ Manchester^  Lewiston,  and  Fort  Niagara ;  which 
see. 

Cambria,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Clearfield  co. 
E.  by  Huntingdon  and  Bedford  cos.  S.  by  Somer- 
set CO.  and  W.  by  Westmoreland  and  Indiana  cos. 
Pop.  2,1 17.     Cbi'ef  t.  Ebensburg. 

Cambria,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.     Pop.  868. 

Cambridge,  an  inland  county  of  England,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Lincolnshire,  N.  W.  by  Northampton- 
shire, N.  E.  by  Norfolk,  E.  by  Suffolk,  S.  by 
Essex  and  Hertlbrdshire,  S.  W.  by  Bedfordshire, 
and  W.  by  Huntingdonshire.  It  colitains  686  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  in  1810,  100,109.  Families  21,022, 
of  which  number  12,831  were  engaged  in  agricul- 
ture, and  5,303  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Cambridge,  t.  Eng.  cap.  of  Cambridge  co.  is  sit- 
uated on  the  Cam,  17  m.  S.  Ely,  and  51  N.  Lon- 
don. Lat.  51°  12' N.  Pop.  11,108.  It  is  divided 
into  14  parishes,  and  has  14  churches,  besides  4 
meeting-houses  for  dissenters.  Cambridge  is 
chiefly  celebrated  for  its  university,  which  was 
founded  sometime  previous  to  1229.  It  con- 
sists of  13  different  colleges,  4  halls,  the  schools, 
the  public  library,  and  the  senate-house.  The 
schools,  which  occupy  tliree  sides  of  a  small 
court,  were  commenced,  on  their  present  site, 
in  1442,  but  were  not  completed  till  1470.  The 
public  library,  is  calculated  to  contain  nearly 
100,000  volumes.  The  senate-house,  where  de- 
grees are  confei-red,  and  otlier  public  business 
of  the  university  transacted,  is  a  handsome  build- 
ing of  Portland  stone.  The  colleges  have  been 
founded  at  different  periods  during  the  six  prece- 
ding centuries,  and  are  very  unequal  in  extent 


CAM 

aud  decoration.  1.  St.  Peter's,  or  Peter  House, 
was  founded  in  1284.  2.  Clare  Hall,  in  1326. 
3.  Pembroke  Hall,  in  1343.  4.  Corpus  Christi, 
Benit,  or  Benedict  College,  in  1356  ;  thoug-h  a 
mean  edifice,  one  of  its  libraries,  consisting  of  Sax- 
on and  old  English  manuscripts,  is  much  celebra- 
ted. 5.  Trinity  Hall,  in  1350.  6.  Gonvile  and 
Caius  College,  in  1348.  7.  King's  College,  the 
chapel  of  which  is  said  to  be  the  most  magnificent 
structure  of  the  kind  in  Europe,  was  founded  by 
King  Henry  VI.  in  1441,  but  not  completed  before 
the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  8,  Queen's  College,  in 
1448.  9.  Catherine  Hall,  in  1475.  10.  Jesus 
College,  in  1496  11.  Christ  College,  in  1506. 
12.  St.  John's  College,  in  1509.  13.  Mary  Mag- 
dalen College,  in  1542.  14.  Trinity  College,  by 
King  Henry  VIII.  in  1540;  here  "there  is  a  li- 
brary which  ranks  among  the  first  in  Great  Brit- 
ain, for  its  collection  of  printed  books,  manu- 
scripts, Roman  antiquities  and  natural  curiosities. 
15.  Emanuel  College,  in  1584.  16.  Sidney  Sus- 
sex College,  in  1593.  17.  Downing  College  was 
founded  in  the  year  1807,  in  pursuance  of  the  will 
of  Sir  George  Downing,  made  1717.  He  died  in 
the  year  1747  ;  but  the  fund  for  endowment  of 
the  college,  which  now  produces  about  6000/. 
being  burdened  with  survivorships,  and  subject 
to  a  long  litigation,  the  erection  of  the  edifice  was 
postponed. — The  university  enjoys  many  privi- 
leges, and  is  entitled  to  send  two  representatives 
to  parliament.  The  whole  number  of  fellows  be- 
longing to  the  university,  previous  to  the  founda- 
tion of  Downing  College,  was  406,  and  of  scholars 
666,  besides  236  inferior  officers  and  servants, 
who  are  maintained  on  the  various  endowments. 

Catnbridge,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Lake  Umba- 
gog,  95  m.  N.  by  E.  Concord. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  Franklin  Co.  Vt,  on  Lamoil  riv- 
er, 21  m.  N.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  990. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Charles 
river,  3  m.  VV.  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  2,323.  It 
contains  the  colleges,  a  court-house,  county  jail. 
State  arsenal,  and  4  houses  for  public  worship,  viz. 
SforCongregationalists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1 
for  Baptists.  The  courts  for  the  county  are  held 
alternately  here  and  at  Concord.  The  court- 
house and  jail  are  at  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  the 
town,  on  Lechmore's  point,  which  approaches 
within  a  mile  of  Boston,  and  is  connected  with  it 
by  a  bridge  over  Charles  river.  There  is  anoth- 
er bridge  connecting  this  point  with  Charlestovra. 
The  village  of  Cambridgeport,  which  lies  west  of 
Lechmore's  point,  is  connected  with  Boston  by  a 
bridge,  called  West  Boston  bridge.  In  this  town 
is  Harvard  College,  or  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, the  oldest  and  most  wealthy  literary  insti- 
tution in  the  United  States.  It  was  founded  in 
1638,  in  less  than  20  years  after  the  first  settle- 
ment of  New-England.  Its  officers,  in  1819,  were 
a  President,  20  professors,  2  tutors,  an  instructor 
in  French  and  Spanish,  4  proctors,  and  a  regent. 
The  library  is  the  largest  in  Amei'ica,  containing 
25,000  volumes.  The  philosovihical  and  chemical 
apparatus  are  complete.  There  is  a  valuable 
cabinet  of  minerals,  belonging  to  the  university, 
an  excellent  anatomical  museum,  and  a  Botanic 
garden,  containing  8  acres,  and  furnished  with  an 
extensive  collection  of  trees,  shrubs^  and  plants, 
both  native  and  foreign.  The  college  buildings 
consist  of  the  University  hall,  which  is  an  elegant 
stone  edifice,  containing  the  chajiel,  dining  halls, 
and  lecture  rooms  ;  Harvard  hall,  containing  the 
library,  philosophical  apparatus,  museum,  &c. ; 

19 


C  AM 


145 


4  spacious  brick  edifices,  containing  rooms  for 
students  ;  and  several  other  buildings,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  president,  professors,  and  stu- 
dents. An  astronomical  observatory  is  about  to 
be  erected  on  an  expensive  scale.  A  Law  school, 
a  Medical  school,  and  Theological  seminary,  form 
part  of  the  University.  The  whole  number  of 
students,  in  1819,  was  383,  of  whom  38  were  The- 
ological students,  62  Medical  students,  11  Law 
students,  and  272  undergraduates.  The  whole 
number  who  were  educated  here  from  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  institution,  to  the  year  1818,  was 
4,442,  a  greater  number  than  at  any  other  college 
in  the  country. 

Cambridge,  West,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
N.  Boston,  Pop.  971. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y,  12  m.  S. 
Salem,  35  N.  E.  Albany.  Pop.  6,730.  In  1816, 
2  towns,  White  creek  and  Jackson,  were  set  off 
from  Cambridge. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  and  cap.  Dorchester  co.  Md. 
about  14  m.  S.  Easton.  Lat.  38°  34'  N.  It  is  fine- 
ly situated  on  Great  Choptank  river,  which  is 
here  2  miles  wide.  The  town  is  neatly  built, 
and  the  public  buildings  are,  a  house  of  worship 
for  Methodists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  a  court-house 
and  jail,  and  an  academy. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C.  80  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Columbia,  50  N.  by  W.  Augusta,  140 
N.  W^  Charleston.  It  contains  60  or  70  houses,  a 
court-house  and  jail,  and  an  academy.  In  May, 
1781,  this  town,  then  in  possession  of  the  British, 
was  closely  besieged  by  General  Greene. 

Cambridge,  p-t.  and  cap.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on 
Will's  creek,  2.5  m.  E.  Zanesville,  85  fr.  Colum- 
bus. Lat.  40°  4'  N.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  and 
contains  the  county  buildings,  and  about  50  dwel- 
ling houses. 

Cambrilla,  t.  Spain,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tarragona. 

Cambntsa,  or  Porto  Fenelico,  s-p.  A.  Turkey, 
in  the  gulf  of  Satalia,  7  m.  N.  Cape  Chelidoni. 

Camburg,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Saale,  32  m.  S.  W. 
Leipsic. 

Cambusnethan,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  on  the 
Clyde,  5  m.  fr.  Lanark. 

Cambyna,  isl.  off  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Celebes. 

Camdeboo,  district  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
bordering  on  Kaffraria. 

Camden.     See  Campden. 

Camden,  t.  Kent  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  the 
Thames. 

Camden,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  Penobscot- 
bay,  about  12  m.  E,  Thomaston,  and  37  E.  Wis- 
casset.  Pop.  1,607.  It  is  a  small  growing  village, 
and  carries  on  the  business  of  burning  lime. 

Camden,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N.  W. 
Rome.  It  is  settled  chiefly  by  emigrants  from  Con- 
necticut.    Pop.  1,132. 

Camden,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Dela- 
ware, opposite  Philadelphia. 

Camden,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Del.  about  4  m.  S.  Do- 
ver. 

Camden,  co.  N.  E.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  5,347. 
Slaves,  1,411.     Chief  t.  Jonesboro'. 

Camden,  p-t.  and  cap.  Kershaw  co.  S.  C.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Wateree,  35  m.  N.  E.  Columbia, 
120  N.  by  W.  Charleston,  109  i\.  E,  Augusta.  Lat. 
34°  17'  N.  Lon.  80°  54'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  aud  contains  about  200  houses,  a  court-house 
and  jail,  an  academy,  4  religious  societies,  viz.  an 
Episcopalian,  a  Presbytei-ian,  a  Baptist  and  a 
Methodist.  The  river  is  navigable  for  boats  of 
70  tons,  and  there  is  a  Kvelv  trad^"  wjtfc  the  back 


I4G 


C  A  M 


country,  ft  is  memorable  for  two  battka  foit*bt 
here  during  the  Revolutionary  war;  one,  the 
16th  Aug.  1780,  between  Gen.  Gates  and  Lord 
Cornwallis;  the  other,  the  23d  April,  between 
Gen.  Greene  and  Lortl  Rawdon. 

Camden^  co.  on  the  coast  of  Geo.  separated  from 
Florida,  by  St  Mary's  river.  Pop.  3,941.  Slaves, 
2,687.    Chief  towns,  Jefferson  and  St  Marys. 

Camden.,  Port,  inlet,  in  Prince  Frederick's 
sound.  I-on.  of  the  entrance,  226°  15'  E.  Lat.  56° 
55' N. 

Camelford,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Camel, 
17  m.  W.  Launceston. 

Camelon,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling,  2  m.  W.  Fal- 
kirk. 

Camels-rumpj  mt.  one  of  the  highest  of  the  Green 
Mountains,  20  m.  E.  by  S.  Burlington. 

Camen,  t.  Prussia,  20  m.  S.  E.  Munster.  Lon. 
7°  46'  E.  Lat.  51°  55'  N. 

Camen?:,  v.  Silesia,  on  the  Neias,  5  m.  S.  of 
Frankenstein.    Lon.  16°  4 1'  E.  Lat.  50°  20'  N . 

Camerino,  t.  Italy,  in  States  of  the  Church,  40 
m.  S.  W.  Ancona,  75  N.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13° 
^'  18"E.  Lat.  43°6'26'N. 

Cameroon,  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Polawan. 
Lon.  117°  24'  E.  Lat.  7°  57  N. 

Camilhis,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Seneca 
river  and  the  Eric  canal,'  10  m.  W.  Onondaga. 
Pop.  2,378.     Gypsum  is  abundant  here. 

Camin,  or  Kammin,  a  small  town  of  the  Prus- 
«ian  states,  in  Farther  Pomerania,  circle  of  Flem- 
ming,  near  the  influx  of  the  Oder  into  the  Baltic, 
with  1,900  inhabitants.  It  was  once  the  seat  of  an 
independent  bishopric,  and  the  venerable  cathedral 
fs  still  in  existence,  as  well  as  the  chapter.  24 
miles  N.  of  Old  Stettin,  and  30  N.  N.  W.  of  Star- 
gard.     Lon.  14°  45'  E.  Lat.  53°  56'  N. 

CaminJia,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Douro  e  Minho, 
11  m.  N.  N,  W.  Viana.  Lon.  8°  35'  W.  Lat  41° 
45'  N. 

Camisano,  t.  Venetian  territory,  7  ra.  S.  E.  Vi- 
cenza. 

Camisano,  t.  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  6  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Crema. 

Comma,  country  of  W.  Africa,  immediately  N. 
Loango. 

Cammerolo,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  Adriatic. 
Lat.  42°  16'  N. 

Camolin,  t.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  10  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Enniscorthy. 

Camonica,  Valle  di,  valley.  Upper  Italy,  in  the 
Bresciano,  on  the  Oglio,  45  miles  long  and  9  wide. 
Pop.  about  40,000. 

Camora,  t.  Portugal,  20  m.  N.  E.  Lisbon. 
Camorta,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands.     Lon.  90° 
E.  Lat.  10°  N. 

Camarovska,  Islands,  in  the  St  Lawrence,  about 
60  m.  below  the  island  of  Orleans. 

Camounga,  Cape,  on  the  W.  c-oast  of  Cyprus. 
Lon.  34°  36'  E.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. 

Campagna,  t.  Naples,  6  m.  E.  N.  E.  Salerno. 
Campagna  di  Rom^,  or  Territory  of  Rome,  one 
of  the  States  of  the  Church,  bounded  N.  by  II  Pat- 
rimonio  di  St  Pietro  and  Sabina,  N.  E.  and  E.  by 
the  kindom  of  Naples,  and  S.  and  VV.  by  the  Tus- 
can sea.  Formerly  the  richest  and  most  populous 
fi})ot  in  the  world ;  it  now  consists  of  waste  aud  un- 
healthy tracts,  nearly  depopulated.  There  are 
few  houses  or  trees,  and  little  is  to  be  seen  but  the 
Dcatterod  ruins  of  temples  and  tombs.  The  soil  is 
generally  fertile. 

Campagnac^  t.  Frrmce,  ia  Arevr^n,  STS  m.  N- 
Milfiaud 


CAM" 

Campagnano,  or  Sarulo,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  St  Eufemia. 

Campagne,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  8  m.  S. 
E.  Montreuil  sur  Mer. 

Campaign  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio,  8  ffl. 
above  Gallipolis. 

Campan,  t,  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  on  the 
Adour,  2i  m.  S.  Bagneres.     Pop.  4,200. 

Campbell,  co,  Va.  bounded  N.  by  James  river 
and  Buckingham  co.  E.  by  Charlotte  co.  S.by  Ap- 
pomatox  river,  and  W.  by  Bedford  co.  Pop. 
11,001.     Slaves,  5,368- 

Campbell,  co.  Ten.  Pop.  2,668.  Slaves,  103. 
Chief  town,  Jacksonborough. 

Campbell,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop. 
3,473.     Slaves,  472.     Chief  town,  Newport. 

Campbell  Point,  cape  in  Cooke's  inlet  N.  W, 
coast  of  America.     Lon.  2 10°  35'  E.  Lat.  60°  6'  N.. 

Campbell,  Cape,  New  Zealand.  Lon.  183°  45' 
W.  Lat.  41°  44' S. 

Campbell- s fort,  in  Tennessee,  near  the  conflu^ 
ence  of  the  Holston  and  Tennessee  rivers. 

Campbeir  s  grove,  p-v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 

CampbelVs  mills,  p-v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C 

CampbclVs  station,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Ten. 

CampbelVs  ville,  p-v.  Green  co.  Ken. 

CampbelUown,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Argyle,  trithaft 
excellent  harbor,  30  m.  W,  Ayr,  175  W.  Edin- 
burgh.   Lon.  5°  34' VV.  Lat.  55°  27' N.    Pop.  6,000. 

Campbelltoun,  p-v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

Campbell  town,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  13  m.  E.  Har- 
risburg. 

CampbelUown,  p-v.  Edgefield  district  S.  C. 

Campdcn,  or  Camden,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester- 
shire, 7  m.  fr.  Eversham. 

Campcachy,  t.  Mexico,  in  Merida,  or  Yucatan, 
on  the  river  St.  Francis,  in  the  bay  of  Campeachy. 
The  port  is  large,  but  shallow.  It  was  formerly  a 
stated  market  for  logwood,  of  which  great  quanti- 
ties grew  in  the  rieighborhood.  Lon.  90°  34'  W. 
Lat.  19°  30'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

CamjyfM,  fortified  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel, 
on  the  Yssel,  a  few  miles  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Zuyderzee.  Its  port  is  now  much  choked  up 
with  sand.  Pop.  6,200.  45  m.  N,  E.  of  Amster- 
dam.    Lon.  5°  48'  E.  Lat.  52°  37'  N. 

Campion,  t.  Chinese  Tartary.  Lon.  104°  44' 
E.  Lat.  40°  25'  N. 

Campione,  t.  Switzerland,  4  ra.  S.  S.  E.  Lugano. 

Campo,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Elba. 

Campo  Basso,  t.  Naples,  in  Sannio,  on  the  bon- 
ders of  the  Molise. 

Campo  Dolcino,  v.  Lombardy,  5  m.  N.  W.  Chia- 
venna. 

Campo  Formio,  an  elegant  castle  in  the  Vene- 
tian territory,  nearly  4  m.  W.  of  Udine,  in  FriuU. 

Campo  Longo,  or  Langenau,  t.  Turkey,  in  Wa- 
lachia,  30  m.  N.  E.  Ribnitz. 

Campo  Major,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  N.  W.  Lucca. 

Campo  Mayor,  t.  and  barrier  fortress  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Alentejo,  10  m,  N.  W.  Badajoz,  and  100  E. 
Lisbon.     Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Campo  Morone,  t.  Sardinian  States,  8  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Genoa. 

Campo  di  S.  Pietro,  t.  Venetian  territory,  12  ». 
N.  Padua. 

CampoH,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  3  m.  N.  of 
Teramo.     Lon.  13°  46'  E.  Lat.  42°  40'  N. 

Campredon,  fortified  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Ter,  20  m.  S.  E.  Puycerda,  27  N.  N.  W. 
Gerona.    Lon.  2°  13'  E.  Lat.  42°  23'  N. 

Campsie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling,  7  m.  fr.  Dun.- 
baTton.    Pop.  3,618. 


CAN 

Campion,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  40  m.  N.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  873. 

Ca/npville,  p-v.  Spartanburg  district,  8.  C. 

Camroop,  formerly  an  independent  knigdom,  ly- 
ing N.  E.  of  Bengal,  on  both  banks  of  the  Brahma- 
pootra river.  It  is  now  included  partly  in  Ben- 
gal, and  partly  in  Assam, 

Camioos  River,  r.  Soutli  Africa,  in  the  Eastern 
part  of  tlie  Cape  Colony. 

Cam uda,  s-p.  Pegue.    Lat.  15°  N.  Lon.  97°  40'  E. 

CarniU,  t.  Tartary,  in  Tangut.  liOn.  97°  54'  E. 
lat.  37°  15'N. 

Cana.     See  Carina. 

Carta,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  name  of  two  cities  of 
Galilee  in  Palestine.  Cana  the  Greater,  and  Ca- 
va  the  Lesser,  or  Cana  of  Galilee.  The  latter  is 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  sacred  writings.  It 
was  N.  W.  of  the  sea  of  Galilee. 

Cana,  v.  Syria,  with  about  500  families,  7  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Tabaria. 

Canaan,  land  of,  in  Sac.  Geog.  so  named  from 
Canaan,  the  son  of  Ham,  lies  in  the  W.  part  of 
Asia,  and  extends  from  about  31°  to  33°  20'  N.  lat. 
and  from  34°  50'  to  37°  15'  E.  lon.  bounded  N.  by 
Csele-Syria,  or  the  Mountains  of  Libanus  and  An- 
ti-Libanus  ;  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E.  by  Ara- 
bia Deserta,  S.  and  S.  W.  by  Arabia  Petrsea  and 
Egypt.  Its  extent  was  about  200  miles  from  N. 
to  S.  that  is,  from  Dan  to  Beer-Sheba,  and  about 
100  miles  in  breadth. 

Canaan,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Kennebec  river,  opposite  Bloomfield,  10 
m.  E.  Norridgewock,  15  above  Waterville,  35 
above  Hallowell.  Pop.  1,275.  It  has  some  valu- 
able mills. 

Canaan,  p-t.  Grafton  co,  N.  H.  12  m.  E.  Dart- 
mouth college.     Pop.  1,094. 

Canaan,  p-t  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er, 69  m.  N.  E,  Montpelier.     Pop.  232. 

Canaan,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Housatonic,  16  m.  N.  N,  W.  Litchfield.  Pop. 
2,203.  The  falls  in  the  river  at  this  place  are 
about  60  feet  nearly  perpendicular.  The  river  is 
about  75  yards  wide.  Manufactures,  chietly  of 
iron,  are  carried  on  here. 

Canaan^  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  25  m,  N.  E. 
Hudson.  Pop.  4,941.  The  viW^e  oi  New  Leba- 
non is  in  this  township. 

Canaan,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop,  229. 

Cana-camin,  a  bay  on  the  south  coast  of  Arabia, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  which,  after  passing  sev- 
eral towns,  falls  into  the  Arabian  sea.  Lon.  47° 
5'E.Lat  13°30'N, 

Canabac,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Bissagos  isl- 
ands, 

Canada,  an  extensive  country  in  N,  America, 
formerly  called  the  province  of  Quebec,  but  since 
1791,  it  has  been  divided  into  two  provinces,  called 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 

Canada,  Lower,  lies  between  45°  and  52°  N.  lat, 
and  63°  and  8 1°  W.  lon.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the 
territory  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  company,  or 
East  Maine ;  E.  by  tlie  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
and  part  of  the  Labrador  coast;  S.  by  New 
Brunswick,  Maine,  New-Hampshire,  Vermont, 
and  New- York;  and  W.  by  Upper  Canada, 
from  which  it  is  separated  principally  by  the  Ot- 
tawa river,  and  a  line  drawn  from  the  head  of  the 
river  in  Lake  Temiscaming,  due  N,  to  Hudson's 
bay.  It  is  divided  into  the  districts  of  Montreal, 
Three  Rivers,  Quebec,  and  Gaspe,  which  were 
subdivided  by  a  proclamation  of  the  government, 
in  1792.  Bito  the  following  21  counties,  uamely. 


CAN 


Ut 


Bedford,  Buckingham,  Cornwallia,  Devon,  DoV- 
chester,  Effingham,  Gaspe,  Hampshire,  Hertford, 
Huntingdon,  Kent,  Leiuster,  Montreal,  St.  Mau- 
rice, Northumberland,  Orleans,  Quebec,  Riche- 
lieu, Surrey,  Warwick,  and  York.  The  minoi- 
divisions  are,  1st,  The  seigniories,  or  the  original 
grants  of  the  French  government  under  the  feu- 
dal system,  which  were  again  partitioned  out  into 
parishes  by  the  French  government,  2d,  The 
townships  orjgrants  of  land  made  by  the  Engiiih 
government  since  the  year  1796,  in  free  and  com- 
mon soccage, — The  climate  is  congenial  to  liealth 
in  an  eminent  degree.  Heat  and  cold  are  indeed 
felt  in  their  extremes,  but  they  are  not  oppressive. 
The  cloudless  sky  and  pure  dry  air  of  winter^ 
makes  the  cold  both  pleasant  and  healthy.  No 
general  description  will  convey  an  adequate  idea 
of  the  soil  of  Lower  Canada.  In  the  part  of  the 
province  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  triangular 
district,  included  between  the  northern  bounda- 
ries of  Vermont  and  New-Hampshire,  the  St, 
Lawrence  and  the  Chaudiere,  consists  of  excellent 
land,  laid  out  in  townships,  and  in  many  parts 
settled  and  cultivated,  and;bids  fair  to  become  the 
most  flourishing  part  of  the  province  ;  from  the 
Chaudiere  to  the  sources  of  the  St.  John,  the  land 
is  much  broken,  and  of  an  indifferent  quality ;  from 
the  sources  of  the  St,  John  to  the  gulf  of  St,  Law- 
rence, the  country  has  been  but  partially  explor- 
ed, but  has  every  appearance  of  sterility.  On  the 
north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  ridge  of  heights 
commences  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  prov- 
ince, and  runs  along  the  margin  of  the  river,  from 
64°  to  71°  W.  lon :  it  then  leaves  the  river,  and, 
taking  a  S.  W.  direction,  strikes  the  Ottawa  river, 
about  38  leagues  above  its  confluence  with  the  St. 
Lawrence,  enclosing  within  it  and  tbe  two  rivera, 
a  beautiful  country,  well  watered  and  level.  Oa 
the  N.  side  of  the  ridge  just  described,  lies  the  re- 
maining part  of  Lower  Canada,  wluch  has  been 
so  little  explored,  that  it  is  only  known  to  be  cov- 
ered with  immense  forests.  The  population  of 
Lower  Canada  has  rapidly  increased  witliin  a  few 
years.  In  1759,  when  it  was  conquered  from  the 
French,  it  was  estimated  at  70,000;  in  1775,  it 
had  onlyjincreased  to  90,000;  but  in  1814,  a  capi- 
tation shewed  no  less  than  335,000,  of  whom 
275,000  were  descendants  of  the  original  French 
settlers,  and  the  remainder  English,  Scotch,  Irish, 
Americans,  &;c, — The  government  is  administeredl 
by  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  executive 
council,  and  legislative  council,  who  are  appoint- 
ed by  the  king  ;  and  a  house  of  assembly,  who  are 
representatives  of  the  people, — The  prevailing  re- 
ligion is  Roman  Catholic  ;  of  this  persuasion  there 
isaBishopof  Quebec,  a  coadjutor,  with  the  title 
of  Bishop  of  Salde,  nine  vicars  general,  and  about 
200  curates  and  missionaries,  spread  over  the  dif- 
ferent districts  of  the  province.  Tlie  revenues  oi" 
the  Catholic  clergy  are  derived  in  part  from  grants 
made  of  land  to  them  under  the  ancient  regime,. 
The  spiritual  concerns  of  theprotestants  are  under 
the  guidance  ofthe  Lord  Bishop  of  Quebec,  9  rec- 
tors, and  a  competent  number  of  other  clergymen, 
who  are  supported  in  part  by  annual  stipends 
from  the  government,  and  the  appropriation  of 
one  seventh  of  all  gi'anted  lands, 

Canada,  Upper,  is  bounded  N.  by  the  territory  of 
the  Hudson's  bay  company ;  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Low- 
er Canada  ;  S,  E,  and  S.  by  the  United  States ;  on 
the  W.  and  N.  W,  no  limits  have  been  assigned  tq 
it.  It  is  divided  into  8  districts,  viz.  the  EasterB, 
Johnstown,  Mi^ilan^?,  Nf wfr>-;lle,  Home,  Nfa°;ara, 


14B 


CAN 


London,  and  Western.  These  are  again  subdivi- 
ded into  23  counties,  and  159  townships.  The 
townships  contain  in  all  9,694,400  acres,  of  which 
3,000,000  are  granted  in  free  and  common  soccage, 
2,769,828  are  reserved  for  the  crown  and  clergy, 
and  3,924,572  still  remain  to  be  granted.  These 
townships  are  laid  out  along  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  Lake  Ontario,  Lake  Erie  and  Lake  St. 
Clair,  and  extend  back  for  a  distance,  varying 
from  40  to  50  miles.  The  soil  throughout,  is  scarce- 
ly excelled  by  any  portion  of  N.  America.  In  the 
rear  of  the  townships  are  large  tracts  of  land, 
stretching  far  to  the  north,  covered  with  immense 
forests,  and  little  known  except  to  the  Indians  ; 
but  it  has  been  ascertained  that  there  are  many 
large  tracts  of  rich  soil. — The  climate  is  salubri- 
ous. The  winters  are  shorter  and  milder  than  in 
Lower  Canada.  The  spring  opens  usually  from 
6  weeks  to  2  months  earlier  than  at  Quebec.  The 
population  of  Upper  Canada  has  increased  with 
great  rapidity.  In  1783,  it  did  not  exceed  10,000 
souls,  and  in  1814  it  was  95,000.  It  is  made  up, 
ppincipally,of  emigrants  from  the  United  States,and 
a  few  British,  Irish,  and  Scotch.  Of  the  3,000,000 
acres  granted  to  settlers,  tlie  quantity  under  tillage 
in  1815,  was  estimated  at  290,000,  dispersed  over 
the  different  districts.  The  most  populous  and 
improved  part  of  the  colony,  is  along  the  banks  of 
St.  Lawrence,  and  the  eastern  part  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio.— The  government  of  Upper  Canada  is  admin- 
istered by  a  lieutenant-governor,  (who  is  almost 
always  a  military  officer,)  a  legislative  council, 
an  executive  council,  and  a  house  of  assembly. 
The  legislative  council  consists  of  not  less  than  7 
members,  of  which  the  chief  justice  of  the  province 
is  president,  and  wherein  the  Bishop  of  Quebec 
has  a  seat ;  the  members  are  appointed  by  man- 
damus from  the  King,  and  hold  their  seats,  under 
certain  restrictions,  for  life.  The  executive  coun- 
cil is  composed  of  6  members  ;  the  chief  j  ustice  is 
president,  and  the  bishop  of  Quebec  likewise  has 
a  seat  in  it.  The  house  of  assembly  is  composed  of 
25  members,  who  are  returned  from  the  23  coun- 
ties ;  the  duration  of  the  assembly  is  limited  to  4 
years.  The  civil  and  criminal  law  is  administer- 
ed by  a  chief  justice  and  2  puisne  judges.  There 
is  a  court  of  king's  bench,  common  pleas,  and  a 
court  of  appeal.  The  expense  of  the  civil  list  is 
defrayed  by  Great  Britain. 

For  the  defence  of  the  two  Canadas,  a  regular 
military  establishment  is  maintained  by  the  Brit- 
ish government,  which  was  estimated  in  1815,  at 
from  27,000  to  r50,000  men.  The  river  St.  Law- 
>'once  is  the  only  channel,  by  which  the  commodi- 
ties of  these  two  provinces  have  hitherto  found 
their  way  to  the  ocean.  The  principal  exports 
consist  of  oak  and  pine  timber,  deals,  masts,  and 
bowsprits,  spars  of  all  denominations,  staves,  pot 
and  pearl  ashes,  peltry,  wheat,  flour,  biscuit,  In- 
dian corn,  pulse,  salt  provisions,  fish,  and  other 
miscellaneous  articles,  which  employ  generally 
about  150,000  tons  of  shipping.  In  return  for 
these  are  imported,  wines,  rum,  sugar,  molasses, 
coffee,  tobacco,  salt,  coals,  and  manufactured  pro- 
duce from  Great  Britain.  The  commerce  of  Can- 
ada has  been  progressively  increasing,  since  it  be- 
came a  British  province.  In  1769,  the  annual 
value  of  its  exports  amounted  to  163,105/.  and  it 
employed  70  vessels.  In  1797,  the  exports  amoun- 
ted in  value  to  491,419  /.  and  the  imports  to 
338,214.  In  1808,  the  exports  were  1,156,060/, 
and  the  imports  6 10,000  /. 


CAN 

Canada,  creek,  East,  N.  Y.  runs  into  the  Mo- 
hawk from  the  N.  9  m.  below  Little  Falls. 

Canada  creek.  West,  N.  Y.  the  largest  northern 
branch  of  the  Mohawk.  It  rises  near  the  head- 
waters of  Black  river,  and  discharges  itself  at 
the  German  flats,  6  m.  above  Little  Falls. 

Canada  creek,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  the  N.  branch 
of  Wood  creek,  joins  the  W.  branch,  4^  m.  W. 
Rome. 

Canadaway.     See  Fredonia. 

Canadaway  creek,  N.  Y.  runs  N.  W.  12  miles, 
and  falls  jnto  lake  Erie,  about  45  m.  S.  W.  Buffa- 
loe. 

Canadian  river,  Arkansaw  Territory,  runs  N. 
E.  and  joins  the  Arkansaw,  below  the  mouth  of 
Nagracka  river.     It  is  navigable  100  miles. 

Canafoharie,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  15  m.  S.  W.  Johnston,  49 
W.  Albany.  Pop.  4,010.  Canajeharie,  or  Bow- 
man's  creek  runs  into  the  Mohawk  at  this  place. 

Canals.    See  Middlesex,  Erie,  Sec. 

Canandaigua,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  W. 
Geneva,  111  W.  Utica,  208  W.  Albany,  88  E. 
Buff'aloe.  Lat.  42°  48'  41"  N.  Pop.  of  the  vil- 
lage in  1818,  1,788.  It  has  an  Episcopal  church, 
a  Congregational,  and  a  Methodist ;  a  state  arse- 
nal, a  court-house  and  jail,  and  an  academy.  It 
is  situated  on  a  hill,  at  a  little  distance  west  of  the 
Lake.  The  houses  are  built  with  uncommon  ele- 
gance, and  many  of  them  would  be  ornaments  in 
the  oldest  settlements  of  the  country. 

Canandaigua  lake,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  14  miles 
long,  and  about  1  wide.  It  discharges  its  waters 
through  Canandaigua  river,  45  miles  long,  into 
Seneca  river. 

Cananore,  s-p.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Malabar. 
It  carries  on  a  trade  with  other  parts  of  the  pe- 
ninsula, as  also  with  Arabia  and  Sumatra.  100 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Seringapatam.  Lon.  75°  25'  E.  Lat. 
11°51'N. 

Canara,  a  province  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hindos- 
tan,  about  180  miles  long,  bounded  N.  by  the  Be- 
japore,  E.  by  the  Mysore  and  Balaghaut  district, 
S.  by  Malabar,  and  W.  by  the  sea.  The  climate 
of  this  country  is  fine.  It  produces  abundance  of 
rice,  which  is  the  staple  commodity,  sandal-wood, 
sugar-cane,  pepper,  cocoa-nuts,  &c.  It  was  ce- 
ded to  the  British,  in  1799.     Lat.  12°  to  15°  N. 

Canard,  Isle  au,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  river  des  Prairies. 

Canaries,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  They  are  13  in 
number,  of  which  the  largest  are  Teneriffe, 
Grand  Canary,  Fuerteventura,  Palma,  Ferro, 
Gomera,  and  Lancerota.  This  group  was  cele- 
brated in  antiquity,  under  the  appellation  of  the 
Fortunate  islands.  They  lie  between  27°  39'  and 
29°  26'  N.  lat,  and  between  13°  20'  and  18°  10' W. 
lon.  The  aspect  of  all  these  islands  is  elevated 
and  full  of  mountains,  some  of  which,  particu- 
larly the  Peak  of  Teneriffe,  rank  among  the  lofti- 
est on  the  globe.  The  sides  of  the  mountains 
which  incline  towards  the  west  and  north,  make  a 
profuse  display  of  vegetation,  and  exhibit,  rising 
above  each  other,  the  plants  of  the  torrid,  the 
temperate,  and  even  the  frigid  zone.  The  most 
verdant  and  fertile  islands  are  Grand  Canary  and 
Teneriflfe  ;  Lancerota  and  Fuertaventura  are  dry 
and  sandy. 

The  present  inhabitants  of  the  Canaries  are  en- 
tirely European.  They  are  of  a  roving  and  en- 
tierprizing  disposition,  which  impels  them  to  emi- 


CAN 


CAN 


149 


grate ;  and  they  have  established  themselves  in 
all  the  Spanish  settlements  in  the  New  World, 
from  New  Mexico  to  Chili ;  and  they  have  even 
penetrated  to  the  Philippine  and  Marian  islands 
in  the  East  Indies.  In  all  these  regions  agricul- 
tural industry  is  mainly  supported  by  the  exer- 
tions of  the  Canarians.  Humboldt  states  the 
present  population  of  the  Canaries  to  fall  short  of 
160,000.  The  most  valuable  production  of  the 
Canaries  is  wine,  of  which  Teneriffe  yields  from 
20,000  to  24,000  pipes,  8000  or  9000  of  which  are 
exported.  They  produce  wheat  sufficient  for 
their  own  consumption ;  also  maize,  potatoes,  and 
French  beans.  The  other  chief  objects  of  trade 
are  brandy,  archil,  and  soda. 

Canary^  Grand,  the  largest  and  most  fertile  of 
the  group  of  the  canaries.  It  is  about  30  miles 
long  by  28  broad.  The  whole  island  consists  in  a 
manner  of  one  mountain,  which  rises  to  a  great 
height,  and  the  summit  of  which  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  The  lofty  central  parts  of  the 
island  contain  copious  springs  of  pure  water, 
which  flow  down  in  rivulets  through  the  valleys, 
and  preserve  almost  uninterrupted  verdure  and 
fertility.  There  are  two,  sometimes  even  three, 
harvests  in  the  year,  of  wheat  and  maize.  The 
population  is  stated  by  St.  Vincent  at  41,082 ;  by 
Humboldt,  after  Ledru,  at  50,000.  Palmas  is  the 
only  large  city.  Lon.  15°  23'  to  15°  51'  W.  Lat. 
27°  45'  to  28^'  13'  30"  N. 

Canaseraga,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Canaseraga  creek,  N.  Y.  unites  with  the  Chit- 
teningo,  4  m.fr.  Oneida  lake. 

Canards,  or  Duck,  river,  Up.  Canada,  falls  into 
the  Detroit,  1  m.  below  Grand  Turkey  island. 

Canaveges,  t.  Portugal,  on  tlie  Douro,  27  m.  E. 
Oporto. 

Canaygong,  t.  Hind.  25  m.  N.  E.  Poonah. 

Cancale,  s-p.  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  in  a 
commodious  road,  8  m.  S.  E.  St.  Malo.  Lon,  1° 
46' W. 

Concur,  or  Ponthiames,  3-p.  Cambpdia.  Lon. 
104°  5'  E.  Lat.  10°  5'  N. 

Canche,  r.  France,  falls  into  the  English  chan- 
nel near  Etaples.     It  is  navigable  to  Montreuil. 

Cajwhy,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  5  m.  N.  Abbe- 
ville. 

Canchy,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  10  m.  W.  Bay- 
eux. 

Cancon,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  6  m. 
W.  Montflanquin. 

Candahar.     See  Kandahar. 

Candaloro,  isl.  A.  Turkey,  in  the  gulf  of  Sata- 
lia.     Lon,  31°  E.  Lat.  37°  N. 

Candc,  t,  France,  in  Maine-and-Loir,  10  m.  S. 
W.  Segre. 

Candeish,  or  Khandesh,  province.  Hind,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Malwa,  E.  by  Bezar,  S.  by  Aurungabad, 
rind  W.  by  Guzerat.  It  i3  in  general  fertile,  but 
indifferently  cultivated. 

Candel,  v.  Bavaria,  38  m.  N.  E.  Strasburg. 

Candelaru,  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Man- 
fredonia. 

Candelara  Bay,  in  the  gulf  of  Darien.  Lon. 
77°  6'  W.  Lat.  8°  N. 

Candella,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Livadia.  Lon,  21° 
E,  Lat.  38°  59' N. 

Candern,  t.  Baden,  11  m,  N.  E,  Bale,  52  S. 
Strasburg. 

Candes,  v.  France,  28  m.  S.  W.  Tours. 

Candhar,  v.  Hind,  in  Coucan,  on  the  Ban- 
coote. 

CandiOj  one  of  the  largest  islands  in  the  Medi- 


terranean, lies  S.  of  the  Grecian  archipelago,, 
and  is  180  miles  long,  and  20  or  30  broad.  It  is 
for  the  most  part  covered  with  mountains,  the 
most  remarkable  of  which  is  the  lofty  Psilorite, 
the  Ida  of  the  ancients.  It  has  a  healthy  climate, 
and  in  general  a  fruitful  soil ;  but  the  insecurity 
of  property  under  the  Turks,  represses  all  at- 
tempts at  extensive  cultivation.  It  yields,  how- 
ever, abundarice  of  fruit,  oil,  wine,  raisins,  sal- 
fron,  honey,  and  wax.  Pop.  estimated  at  above 
280,000,  of  whom  130,000  are  Greeks,  and  150,000 
Turks. 

Candia,  city,  and  cap.  is  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Candia.  It  is  defended  by  walls  trench* 
es,  and  outworlcs,  and  contains  from  12,000  to 
15,000  inhabitants;  of  this  number,  from  2000  to 
3000  are  Greeks.     Lon.  25°  4'  E.  Lat,  35°  16' N. 

Candia,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m,  W.  Vercelli. 

Candia,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H,  16  m.  S,  E. 
Concord,     Pop,  1,290, 

Candidiano,  r.  Ecclesiastical  States,  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Venice. 

Candlemas  Shoals,  (Baxos  de  la  Candelaria,)  in 
the  Pacific,     Lon.  160°  5'  E.  Lat.  6°  45'  S. 

Candor,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m,  E.  Spencer. 

Candy,  kingdom,  in  Ceylon.  It  occupies  the 
central  parts  of  the  island,  leaving  a  narrow  ring 
around  the  whole  coast.  Damps  and  heavy  fogs 
prevail,  which  are  particularly  noxious  to  the 
constitution  of  Europeans.  The  inhabitants  are 
native  Cingalese.  'Their  religion  is  the  worship 
of  Boodh,  A  British  army  of  3000  men  invaded 
Candy,  and  took  possession  of  the  capital,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1815 ;  and  in  1816,  the  kingdom  was  annex- 
ed to  the  British  dominions. 

Candy,  t.  Ceylon,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Can- 
dy, is  situated  in  a  plain,  amidst  mountains  cov- 
ered with  wood,  near  the  river  Mahavilla-Gonga , 
The  houses  are  in  general  poor  and  mean^  chiefly- 
built  of  mud,  and  thatched  with  straw  and  leaves 
103  m.  fr.  Colombo,  142  fr.  Trincomalee.  Lon. 
80°  47'  E.  Lat.  7°  23'  N. 

Candy,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon . 
121°  23'  E.  Lat.  1°  12'  N. 

Canea,  s-p.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Candia.  It  is 
fortified.  The  population  consists  of  4000  Turks,. 
3000  Greeks,  150  Jews,  and  a  few  Armenian  mer- 
chants. It  is  the  residence  of  a  pacha  of  two 
tails.  The  principal  trade  consists  in  the  exporta- 
tion of  olive  oil ;  also,  small  quantities  of  silk, 
wax,  honey,  grain,  and  wine.  60  m.  W.  Candia. 
Lon.  24°  12'  E.  Lat,  35°  30'  N, 

Caneadea,  p-t,  Alleghany  co.  N,  Y,  10  m,  S.  W. 
Angelica,  285  W,  Albany.     Pop,  515. 

Canelli,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  S.  S,  E.  Asti, 

Canelos,  t,  Portugal,  5  m.  N.  N.  E,  Lamego. 

Canem,  the  most  northerly  province  of  Bornou. 
in  Africa. 

Canes  and  Canches,  province  of  Peru,  bounded 
E.  by  Carabaya,  S.  E.  by  Lampa,  S.  by  Cailloma, 
and  W.  by  Chumbivilca,  It  is  30  leagues  long 
from  N.  to  S.  and  15  broad.     Pop.  18,000. 

Canesus  Lake,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Ontario  co. 
N.  Y.  discharges  its  waters  into  Genesee  river. 

Canet,  t,  France,  5  m,  E,  Perpignan. 

Canet,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Spain,  27  m,  N.  E. 
Barcelona.     Lon.  2°  30'  E. 

Canet,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Spain.  Lat. 
39«  38'  N. 

Canete,  province,  on  the  coast  of  Peru. 

Canelo,  t.  Italy,  28  m.  W.  by  N.  of  Maotua. 

Canjield,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  War- 
ren, 30  N.  Steubeaville.    Pop.  494. 


150 


CAN 


CAN 


Congas  de  Onis,  t.  Spain,  32  m.  E,  Ovied». 

CangianOf  t.  Naples,  in  the  principato  Citra,  27 
m.  N.  Folicastro. 

Cangozima,  t.  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Ximo. 
Lon-  132°  15'  E.  Lat.32°  10' N. 

Cangrejos,  isl.  at  the  entrance  of  the  Orinoco. 

CanjCf  r.  Dutch  Guiana,  enters  the  Berbia  near 
its  mouth.     It  is  navigable  for  schooners  30  miles. 

Cani7ia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  22  m.  S. 
Valona.     Another,  4  m.  S.  E.  Valona. 

Canisbay,  v.  Scotland,  11m.  W.  Wick. 

C'anischa,  t.  Hungry,  96  m.  S.  Vienna. 

Canisteo,  p-t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  Canisteo 
river,  25  m.  S.  W.  Bath.     Pop.  656. 

Canisteo,  r.  runs  into  the  Tioga,  at  Painted- 
post.     It  is  navigfible  40  miles  to  Arkport. 

Canister,  Great,  Little,  and  West,  islands  in  the 
bay  of  Bengal.    Lon.  97°  40'  E.    Lat.  12°  58'  N. 

Cankinellff,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  45  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Seringapatam. 

Cannaughquenesing,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.  Pop.1,284. 

Canna,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  3i  miles  long,  by 
U  broad,  12  m.  W.  Skye. 

Canna,  place,  Naples,  near  the  site  of  the  an- 
cient Cannce,  famous  for  the  defeat  of  the  Ro- 
mans by  Hannibal,  in  the  year  B.  C.  217.  5  m, 
N.  E.  Canosa,  8  S.  W.  Barletta. 

Cannanore,  t.  Hind.  Malabar  coast,  a  few  miles 
N.  of  Tellicherry. 

Cannes,  s-p.  France,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Bonaparte  landed  here  on  1st  March,  1815,  on  his 
return  from  Elba.  5  m.  3.  W.  Antibes.  Lon.  7° 
1'  29"  E. 

Canninglon,  v.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  3  m.  from 
Bridge  water. 

Cannobine,  v.  Syria,  on  Mount  Lebanon,  where 
the  patriarch  of  the  Maronitee  usually  resides. 

Cannock,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  6  m.  N.  W.  Litch- 
field. 

Cannonball,  r.  flows  into  the  Missouri  from  the 
S.  1 500  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Cannonby,  t.  Eng.  7  m.  N.  Workington. 

Cannouche,  r.  Geo.  rises  about  30  miles  S.  Lou- 
isville, and  joins  the  Ogechee,  about  20  m.  above 
its  mouth. 

Ca7U),  country,  Africa,  tributary  to  Bornou. 

Canoe  camp,  p-v.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

Canoga  creek,  N.Y.  a  tributary  of  Seneca  river, 
in  Fayette,  on  which  are  many  mills, 

Canonsburg,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  7  m.  N.  E. 
by  E.  Washington,  18  S.  W.  Pittsburg.  Jefferson 
college  at  this  place  was  established  in  1802.  It 
has  a  president,  2  professors,  a  library  of  about 
1,000  volumes,  a  philosophical  apparatus,  and 
about  90  students.  The  course  of  studies  is  com- 
pleted in  3  years.  The  college  edifice  is  spacious, 
and  3  stories  high. 

Canosa,  t.  Naples,  on  the  Ofanto,  31  m.  W. 
Bari. 

Canosa,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Reggio. 

Canovge,  district,  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Ganges,  about  30  miles  long,  by  25 
broad.  Canouge,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  79°  52'  E. 
lat.  27°  5'  N. 

Canmd,  t.  Hind.  cap.  of  a  district  in  Hydera- 
bad.    Lon.  78^  7'  E.  Lat.  15°  50'  N. 

Canourge,  La,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  W.  Marve- 
jols. 

Canquenes,  i.  Chili,  in  lat.  35°  40'  S. 

Cttnso,  or  Canceau,  isl.  cape,  and  small  fishing 
bank,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia.  N.  lat. 
45°  ^'.  UHa^  Gut  of  Canso,  is  the  passage  from  the 


Atlantic  into  tlie  g;ulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  betweea 
Cape  Breton  island  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Canstadt,  t.  Wirtemberg,  3  m.  N.  E.  Stutgard. 

Canta,  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  E.  and 
E.  by  Tarma,  W.  by  Chancay,  and  S.  by  Huaro- 
chiri.     Canta,  its  capital,  is  in  1 1°  10'  S. 

Cantal,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  France,  th^ 
highest  peak  in  which  (called  the  Ploinb  de  Carir 
lal)  is  5918  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Cantal,  department  of  France,  is  inclosed  by 
the  departments  of  the  Puy  de  Dome,  the  Cor- 
reze,  the  Lot,  the  Averyon,  the  Lozere,  and  the 
Upper  Loire.  Extent  2,300  square  miles.  Pop. 
252,000. 

Cantalbary,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  88°  15'  E.  Lat. 
26°  35'  N. 

Canteleux,  t  France,  on  the  Seine,  3  m.  W. 
Ilouen. 

Canterbury,  city,  Eng.  in  Kent,  in  a  valley,  on 
the  Stour.  It  has  a  spacious  and  magnificent  ca- 
thedral. The  principal  manufactures  are  silk  and 
cotton,  particularly  of  what  are  called  Canter- 
bury muslins.  It  is  also  much  noted  for  its  brawn. 
The  archbishop  of  Canterbury  is  primate  of  all 
England.  He  takes  precedence  of  the  whole 
peers  of  Great  Britain,  except  those  of  the  blood 
royal ;  and  at  coronations  he  puts  the  crown  on 
the  head  of  the  sovereign.  Pop.  10,200.  16  m. 
N.  W.  Dover,  56  S.  E.  London. 

Canterbury,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Merrimack  8  m.  above  Concord.  Pop.  1,526. 
Here  is  a  village  of  Shakei-s,  containing  about  300 
souls. 

Canterbury,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct,  on  tiie  "W. 
side  of  the  Quinebaug,  12  N.  Norwich,  26  from 
New-London,  30  from  Providence.  Pop.  1,812. 
The  Western  part  is  calletl  Westminster.  The 
town  contains  three  houses  of  public  worship,  and 
an  academy,  and  numerous  mills. 

Canterbury,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Canterbury,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Del. 

Cantillana,  t.  and  county,  Spain,  on  the  Gua- 
dalquivir, 32  m.  N.  N.  E.  Seville. 

Canton,  city,  China,  cap.  of  Quang-tong,  on 
Pe-king,  or  Canton  river,  which  is  navigable  300 
miles  farther  into  the  interior.  The  river  is  cov- 
ered by  innumerable  boats  for  four  or  five  miles, 
containing  whole  families  that  have  no  other  res- 
idence, and  seldom  visit  the  land.  Thoy  are  ran- 
ged in  parallel  rows,  with  a  narrow  interval  be- 
tween each  line  to  admit  the  pasiiuge  of  other  ves- 
sels. Canton  is  surrounded  by  walls  about  five 
miles  in  circuit,  on  which  cannon  are  mounted. 
The  suburbs  are  very  extensive :  strangers  may 
frequent  them,  but  they  are  not  permitted  to  en- 
ter the  city  without  the  permission  of  a  mandarin. 
The  streets  are  long  and  paved,  and  for  the  mogl 
part,  kept  exceedingly  clean.  In  general,  the 
houses  are  of  bi'ick,  one  story  high.  'Phe  factories 
of  the  different  European  powers,  extend  along 
the  banks  of  the  river.  The  streets  of  Canton  are 
continually  crowded  by  its  numerous  population. 
It  is  a  place  of  very  great  trade,  and  the  only  port 
of  the  whole  Chinese  dominions  which  is  open  to 
Europeans.  Vast  quantities  of  merchandize  arc 
continually  exported  and  imported  by  the  Chinese 
themselves,  in  the  traffic  with  various  eastern  na- 
tions, and  a  very  extensive  commercial  inter- 
course is  now  carried  on  by  Europeans,  especially 
the  British.  The  principal  exports  ol  the  latter 
are  tea,  to  the  extent  of  from  25  to  30  millions  of 
pounds  yearly,  Hankeeu,  silks,  mother  of  pearK 


CAP 

tortoise  shell,  tutenague,  China-ware,  and  many' 
other  articles  :  while  the  imports  from  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  her  eastern  settlements,  are  woollen 
cloths,  cotton,  opium,  betel-nut,  furs,  and  watch  - 
es.  The  management  of  the  trade  of  Canton  is 
vested  in  a  council  called  hong,  consisting  of  from 
12  to  14  members,  generally  men  of  great  wealth. 
All  foreign  cargoes  pass  through  their  hands,  and 
they  also  provide  the  cargoes  to  be  exported.  The 
Chinese  pretend  that  it  is  entirely  from  favour  to 
foreigners,  that  they  permit  any  traffic  with  their 
empire.  Pop.  varioitslv  estimated  from  1,500,000 
to  2,000,000.  Since  1807,  the  London  Society 
have  had  a  missionaiy  in  Canton,  who  has  been 
employed  in  translating  the  Bible  into  Chinese, 
and  several  editions  of  the  New  Testament  have 
been  published  and  circulated,  but  the  labours  of 
the  missionary  are  much  restricted  by  govern- 
ment.    Lon.  113*^  14'  E.  Lat.  23°  7  N. 

Canton,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  6  m.  S.  E.  Ded- 
ham,  14  S.  W,  Boston.     Pop.  1,353. 

Canton,  or  West  Simsburi/,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 
15  m.  W.  N.  W.  Hartford.     Pop.  1,374. 

Canton,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  E. 
Ogdensburg,  200  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  699 

Canton,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.    Pop.  417. 

Carlton,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,345. 

Canton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Starke  co.  Ohio,  in  the 
forks  of  Nimishillen  creek,  58  m.  N.  W.  Steuben- 
ville,  140  N.  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1819,  1,360.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  and  jail,  2  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  a  printing-office,  and  a  bank. 

Canton,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  op- 
posite Wheeling. 

CantwtlVs  bridge,  or  Apoquinimink,  p-v.  New- 
castle CO.  Del. 

Cantyre.     See  Kintyre. 

Canvey,  isl.  Eng.  in  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Thames,  about  5  miles  long,  and  2  wide,  36  m.  E. 
London. 

Cany  creek,  Alabama,  flows  into  the  Tennessee 
from  the  S.  about  20  m.  below  the  Muscle-shoals. 

Cany  fork,  r.  Tennessee,  runs  into  the  Cum- 
berland from  the  S.  50  m.  E.  Nashville. 

Came.     See  Canje. 

Caorle,  isl.  in  the  Lagunes  of  Venice,  off  Fri- 
uli. 

Cap,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Sunda.  Lon.  105°  48' 
E.  Lat.  5°  58' S. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  cape  and  settlement  near 
The  S.  extremity  of  Africa.  The  cape  is  in  lon. 
18°  23'  E.  lat.  34°  29'  S.  It  was  formerly  called, 
the  Cape  of  Tempests. — The  colony  of  tlie  cape  is 
bounded  W.  and  S.  by  the  Atlantic  and  Southern 
oceans  ;  E.  by  the  Great  Fish  river,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Caffraria  ;  N.  by  a  vast  chain  of 
mountains,  called  the  Nieuweld  and  Roggeweld, 
which  separates  it  from  the  Boshuanas  and  other 
independent  tribes.  It  is  500  miles  long  from  E. 
to  W.  and  about  200  broad,  and  contains  about 
120,000  square  miles.  The  grand  feature  of  the 
country  consists  of  three  ranges  of  mountains,  all 
of  which  run  from  east  to  west,  parallel  with  the 
southern  coast,  and  then  turn  north,  and  run  par- 
allel with  the  Western  coast.  The  country  be- 
tween the  lower  range  and  the  coast,  is  fertile, 
and  well  watered  ;  between  the  lower  and  middle 
ranges,  are  barren  hills  and  naked  plains,  inter- 
spersed with  some  fertile  spots  ;  between  the  mid- 
dle and  upper  ranges  is  a  dry  desert,  inhabited  by 
no  human  creature.  In  1810,  the  population  was 
fil,0OO,  one  third  of  whom  were  slaves.  The  free 
inhabitants  swr e  divided  into  4  classes,  viz.  the  in- 


GAP 


lS-1 


habitants  of  the  capital,  wine  growers,  corn-farm- 
ers, and  graziers.  The  wine  growers  and  corn- 
farmers  live  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  capital ; 
the  graziers  are  in  the  most  distant  parts  of  the 
the  colony,  and  are  less  advanced  in  civilization 
tlian  the  other  classes.  This  colony  was  originally 
planted  by  the  Dutch,  but  during  the  late  Europe- 
an war,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British,  to 
whom  it  was  permanently  confirmed  in  1815,  at 
the  congress  of  Vienna.  Its  principal  importance 
in  a  commercial  view,  is  derived  from  its  conven- 
ience, as  a  place  of  refreshment  to  vessels,  sailing 
between  Europe  and  the  East  Indies.  The  value 
of  British  manufactures  imported  into  the  colony 
in  1809,  was  311,016  /.  The  principal  exports  are 
wine  and  brandy. 

Cape  town,  the  cap.  of  the  above  colony,  is  agree- 
ably situated  at  the  head  of  Table  bay,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  town  is 
defended  by  a  castle  of  considerable  strength,  but 
it  is  commanded  by  higher  grounds  in  the  vicin- 
ity. The  harbour  is  safe  during  8  months  of  the 
year,  but  during  the  remaining  four,  when  the  N. 
W.  winds  prevail,  ships  are  obliged  to  resort  to 
False  Bay  on  the  other  side  of  the  cape.  The 
town  is  regularly  laid  out  in  streets  intersecting 
each  other  at  right  angles.  There  are  1,145  hou- 
ses, inhabited  by  about  5,500  whites  and  people  of 
colour,  and  10,000  blacks.  The  town  is  well  sup- 
plied with  excellent  water.  Lon.  18°  23'  E.  Lat. 
343  6'  N. 

Capelle,  v.  Netherlands,  6  m.  N.  Antwerp. 

Capelle  op  dm  Bosch,  v.  Netherlands,  6  m.  S. 
Antwerp. 

Capelk  Mariral,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Fi- 
gcac. 

Cape  Breton,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  St  Lawrence, 
109  miles  long,  separated  from  Nova  Scotia  by  a 
narrow  strait,  called  the  gut  of  Canso.  The 
Boil  is  fertile,  and  produces  timber.  Its  shores 
abound  in  vast  quantities  of  fish.  In  1743,  while 
tliis  island  belonged  to  the  French,  no  less  tlian 
564  ships,  and  27,000  seamen,  were  employed  in 
the  fishery.  At  present  this  fishery  has  very  much 
declined;  and  the  principal  employment  of  the 
inhabitants  is  the  working  of  the  coal  mines.  Poj). 
about  3,000.  In  respect  to  government,  the  island 
is  attached  to  LoAvcr  Canada. 

Cape  coast,  a  British  settlement  in  W.  Africa, 
on  the  Gold  coast,  under  the  African  company, 
Lon.  1°  20'  W.  Tlie  Society  in  England  for  prop- 
agating tlie  Gospel,  have  a  missionary  here. 

Cape  Cod,  peninsula,  on  the  S.  side  of  Massa- 
chusetts-bay. Its  shape  is  tliat  of  a  man's  arm 
bent  inwards,  botli  at  the  wrist  and  the  elbow. 
It  is  about  65  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  20  wide. 
Lon.  of  the  cape,  70°  14'  W.  Lat.  42°  4'  N. 
It  constitutes  Barnstable  county,  which  see. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  in  lat. 
43°33'N.  lon.  70°11'W. 

Cape  Elisabeth,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  6  m 
S.  W.  Portland.     Pop.  1,415. 

Cape  Fareivell.     See  Farewell. 

Cape  Fear,  the  S.  point  of  Smith's  island  in  tlie 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river,  N.  C.  Lat.  33°  32'  N. 
Lon.  78°  25'  W. 

Cape  Fear,  or  Clarendon  river,  N.  C.  Its  N.  W. 
branch  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Haw  and 
Deep  rivei's,  and  unites  with  the  N.  E.  branch  a 
little  above  Wilmington.  This  river  affords  the 
best  navigation  of  any  of  the  rivers  in  N.  Carolina. 
There  is  18  feet  water  on  tlie  bar,  at  its  mouth. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  21  mile?,  and  vessel"-- 


152 


CAP 


CAR 


drawing  10  or  12  feet,  14  miles  farther  to  VVii- 
mington,  and  boats  to  Fayetteville,  90  miles. 
The  N.  E.  branch  is  navigable  for  boats  70  miles. 

Cape-Girardeau,  co.  Missouri,  on  the  Mississip- 
pi, bounded  N.  by  St  Genevieve  and  Washington 
COS.  W,  by  the  county  of  St  Louis.  Jackson  is  the 
seat  of  j  ustice.  The  lands  on  the  Mississippi  and 
the  St  Francis,  are  fertile.  The  Great  Swamp 
commences  5  m.  S.  of  the  town  of  Cape  Girar- 
deau, and  extends  60  miles,  being  from  3  to  5 
broad,  to  the  low-lands  of  the  St  Francis, 

Cape-Girardeau,  p-t.  Cape-Girardeau  co.  Mis- 
souri, on  the  Mississippi,  93  m.  below  St  Louis,  20 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 

Cape  Hope,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Mass.  on  which  is  a  light-house. 

Cape  May,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Gloucester 
CO.  S.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  S.  W,  by  Delaware 
bay.  Pop.  3,632.  A  post  office  is  kept  at  the 
court-house. 

Capernaum,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  principal  city  of 
Galilee,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  sea  of  Tiberias, 
near  the  influx  of  the  Jordan,  belonging  to  the 
government  of  Herod  Antipas. 

Capestan,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  11  m.  N.  Nar- 
bonne. 

Cape  Vincent,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

Caphon  springs,  in  Frederick  co.  Va.  21  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Winchester. 

Capibaribe,  r,  Brazil,  falls  into  the  sea  near 
Pernambuco.     Lat.  8°  15'  S. 

Capira,  r.  in  Caraccas,  runs  into  the  sea.  ,  Lon, 
€6°  56'  W. 

Capitona/a,  province  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples, 
on  the  gulf  of  Venice,  between  Abruzzo  Citra  on 
the  N.  W.  and  Bari  on  the  S,  E.  The  soil  is 
generally  fruitful,  and  yields  good  pasture. 

Capiianata,  t.  New-Grenada.  60  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Tunja. 

Capo  d'Isiria,  capital  of  the  Austrian  province 
of  Istria,  on  a  small  island  in  the  gulf  of  Trieste,  8 
-in.  S.  Trieste.     Pop.  5,000. 

Capolita,  r.  Mexico,  runs  into  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  96°  30.  W. 

Capoul,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  S.  of  Lu- 
zon.    Lat.  12°  30'  N. 

Cappadocia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  country  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor, bounded  N.  by  the  Euxine  sea,  S.  by  Arme- 
nia, W.  by  Galatia  and  Pamphylia,  and  E,  Silicia. 

Cappel^  t.  Hesse,  22  m.  S.  E.  Cassel. 

Cappeln,  t.  Denmark,  16  m.  N.  E.  Sleswick. 

Cappeln,  Oster,  Hanover,  12  m.  E.  Osnabruck. 

Capraia,  ial.  of  the  Sardinian  states,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  between  the  N.  point  of  Corsica 
and  the  coast  of  Italy.  Lon.  9°  48'  12"  E.  Lat. 
43°0'18".     Pop.  2,000. 

Capranu,  v.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Lividia,  on  the 
Cephissus,  nearly  corresponding  in  situation  to 
the  ancient  Comronea.  The  ruins  of  that  town 
are  still  in  existence. 

Caprera,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  S.  W. 
coast  of  the  Morea.  Lon.  %\°  40'  E.  Lat.  36°  52' 
N. 

Capri,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean  at  the  entrance 
of  the  gulf  of  Naples.  It  was  anciently  called  Ca- 
prea;.     26  m.  S.  Naples.     See  Ana  Capri. 

Capricorn,  Cape,  on  the  N.  PL  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  208°  58'  W.  Lat.  23°  24'  S. 

Caprino,  t.  Lombardy,  8  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ber- 
gamo. 

Capro,  t,  Dongola,  on  the  Nile,  8  m,  S.  Mescho. 

Caprone,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  2  m. 
?J.  W.  Stanchio.    J>on.  26°  52'  E.  Lat.  36«  59'  N. 


Caprycke,  t.  Flanders,  14  m.  S.  E.  Sluys. 

Cape  St  Michael,  seigniory,  Surry  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St  Lawrence  oppo- 
site the  island  of  Orleans. 

Captain  John's  mills,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Captina  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio  23  m. 
below  Wheeling. 

Captina  creek,  p-v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

Capua,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  on  the 
Volturno.  The  ancient  town  so  celebrated  in  his- 
tory, is  nearly  2  m.  S.  E.  of  the  present  town.  No 
place  in  Italy,  except  Rome,  contains  a  greater 
number  of  ancient  inscriptions.  Capua  was  forti- 
fied by  V^auban,  has  a  strong  citadel,  and  is  ac- 
counted the  key  of  Naples  on  the  N.  15  m.  N. 
Naples. 

Capusa,  isl.  off  Corsica.  Lon.  9°  29°  E.  lat. 
42°  57,  N. 

Caqueta,  r.  Quito,  divides  into  two  arms  ;  the 
Japura,  enters  the  Amazon  between  4^  and  5°  N. 
lat.  the  other  arm  divides  into  two  streams,  one  of 
which  enters  the  Orinoco. 

Cara,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides.  Lon,  5°  48'  W.  Lat. 
55°  36'  N. 

Carabaya,  or  Carahaia,  province  of  Peru, 
bounded  E.  by  Larecaja,  W.  by  Quispicanchi,  N. 
and  N.  W.  by  the  territories  of  the  Indians,  S.  W. 
by  the  province  of  Canes  and  Canches,  and  S. 
by  Lampa  and  Asangaro. 

Cara-big-nar.     See  Kara-big-nar. 

Caracares,  lake,  Paraguay,  in  S.  lat.  30°  41'. 

Caracatay.     See  Kara-kita. 

Caraccas,  Captain-generalship  of,  a  name  given 
by  the  Spaniards  to  a  country  of  S.  America, 
which  in  1811  declared  itself  independent,  and 
assumed  the  title  of  the  Republic  of  Venezuela. 
It  extends  from  the  Caribbean  sea  on  the  N.  to 
the  Portuguese  dominions  on  the  S.  and  from  New- 
Granada  on  the  W.  to  the  river  Esequebo,  which 
separates  it  from  English  Guiana,  on  the  E. 
Depons  in  1804,  estimated  the  population  of  this 
country  at  728,000,  which  he  divided  among  the 
different  provinces  as  follows  : 

Venezuela  including  Varinas,  500,000 
Maracaibo,  -  -  -  100,000 
Cumana,  ...  -  80,000 
Spanish  Guiana,  .  .  -  34,000 
Margarita  island,  -        -         14,000 

This  population  is  made  up  of  wliites,  negroes, 
Indians,  mulattoes  and  mestizoes. 

The  northern  part  of  the  country  is  mountain- 
ous. A  branch  of  the  Andes,  called  the  chain  of 
Venezuela,  runs  along  the  whole  northern  coast 
and  terminates  opposite  the  island  of  Trinidad, 
Below  the  mountains,  there  are  immense  plains 
which  stretch  south  beyond  the  Orinoco,  and  west 
into  New-Granada.  In  the  rainy  season  the  Ori- 
noco overflows  its  banks,  and  these  plains  are  in-  . 
undated  to  a  vast  extent. — In  the  low  country  the 
climate  is  hot,  but  in  the  mountains  very  pleasant 
and  healthy.  Earthquakes  are  common  in  some 
parts.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  mountains 
are  covered  with  forests  of  most  valuable  tim- 
ber ;  the  vallies  between  the  mountains  contain 
the  principal  plantations,  and  produce  cocoa, 
indigo,  cotton,  sugar  and  tobacco,  in  abundance ; 
the  plains  furnish  immense  pastures  for  number- 
less herds  of  cattle.  Tribes  of  independent  war- 
like Indians  occupy  the  country  about  the  mouths 
of  the  Orinoco,  the  whole  coast  from  the  Ori- 
noco to  the  Essequebo,  the  country  west  of  Lake 
Maracaibo,  and  the  whole  interior  of  Spanish 
Guiana. 


CAR 


CAR 


153 


The  political  state  of  this  country  for  several 
years  has  been  very  fluctuating.  Sometimes  the 
mother  country  has  succeeded  for  a  time  in  re- 
establishing- her  authority,  but  generally  the  rev- 
olutionists have  prevailed,  and  the  prospect  of 
their  final  emancipation  seems  now  to  be  brighter 
than  ever.  Thename  of  FmfSHf/a  has  been  re- 
cently exchanged  for  that  of  the  Republic  of  Co- 
lombia. The  seat  of  government  is  at  St.  Thom- 
as, on  the  Orinoco.     See  Colombia. 

Cofoccm,  city,  S.  America,  and  capital  of  the 
couatry  described  in  the  preceding  article,  is  in  a 
valley,  between  two  mountains,  a  few  leagues 
from  the  coast,  elevated  2,900  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  contains  a  imiversity  and  several 
churches,  hospitals,  and  monasteries.  The  pop- 
ulation, according  to  the  returns  in  1802,  was 
31,200.  On  the  26th  of  March,  1812,  this  city  was 
partly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake,  and  12,000 
persons  were  buried  in  the  ruins.  The  port  of 
Caraccas,  named  Guayra,  has  bad  anchorage,  but 
by  the  construction  of  a  mole  the  road  is  good. 
Lon.  66°  46'  W.    Lat.  10°  30'  N. 

Caracena,  t.  Spain,  18  m.  S.  S.  W,  Siguenca. 

C'aracliaban,  t.  Persia,  in  Azerbijan,  80  m.  W. 
Tabriz. 

Caracal.     See  Caluma. 

Caracoli,  a  port  of  America,  in  Venezuela. 

Caraglio,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  W.  Coni.  Pop. 
7,200. 

Carahissar.     See  Aphion. 

Caramon,  t.  France,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Toulouse. 

Caramon,  i.  Syria,  on  the  lake  of  Antioch,  12  m. 
N .  of  Antioch. 

Caramania,  province  of  A.  Turkey,  bounded  N. 
and  W.  by  Natolia,  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranean. 
Pirates  frequently  shelter  themselves  behind  the 
promontories  of  the  coast,  whence  they  issue  forth 
to  commit  their  depredations  on  defenceless  ves- 
sels. The  province  belongs  to  the  Turkish  em- 
pire, but  some  parts  of  it  submit  with  impatience 
to  its  rule. 

Caramanico,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  8  m. 
N.  Sulmona. 

Caramanla,  L  8.  America,  in  Antioquia,  65 
leagues  N.  E.  Popayan.  Lon.  75°  33'  W,  Lat. 
6°  58'  N. 

Caron,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  Avon. 

Carong  As.ioiii,  t.  and  district  on  the  E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Bally. 

Carangas,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  by  the 
province  of  Pacages,  E.  by  Paria,  S.  by  Lipes,  and 
W.  by  Arica, 

Caranja,  isl.  9  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Carapello,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  9 
m.  S.  Manfredonia. 

Caropella,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  15  m. 
E.  Aquila. 

Carara,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lat. 
58°  13'  N. 

Caravacas,  t.  Spain,  60  m.  W.  N.  W.  Murcia. 

Carai'oggio,  t.  Lombardy,  10  m.  N-  Crema. 

Car  or  elle.  Cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Martinico. 
Lon,  60°  56'  W.     Lat.  14°  55'  N. 

Caravino,  t.  Piedmont,  9  m.  S.  E.  Ivrea. 

Caraw,  t.  Syria,  42  m.  E.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Carawang,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
107°  10'  E.     Lat.  5°  45'  S. 

Carawang,  Point,  the  east  point  of  Batavia  bay. 
Lon;  107°  10'  E,     Lat.  5°  57'  S. 

Caraza,  isl.  in  the  mouth  of  tlie  Volga,  70  m.  S. 
Astrakhan. 

Carbini.  t.  Corsica,  25  m.  S.  E,  Ajaccio. 

20 


Carbonara,  t.  Naples,  2  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bari. 

Carbo7Kiro,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia* 
Lon.  9°  49'  E.     Lat.  39°  22'  N. 

Carbonblanc,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux. 

Carbone,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Guadalquivir, 
a  little  above  Seville. 

Carboncro,  t.  Spain,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Segovia. 

Carbonne,  t.  Fiance,  21  m.  S,  Toulouse. 

Carcabuy,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  8  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Lucena. 

Carcal,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlalabad,  12  m.  E.  Calli- 
any.  Another,  in  Golconda,  18  m.  S.  W.  Com- 
bamet. 

Carcan,  r.  Asia,  separates  Queda  from  Malac- 
ca, and  runs  into  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lat.  5° 
14' N. 

Carcara,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  E.  Ceva. 

Carcansonns,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Aude, 
on  the  Attde,  which  divides  it  into  Upper  and 
Lower.  Tlie  principal  m,anufac,ture  is  cloth  for 
the  Levant  market ;  48  m.  S.  E.  Toulouse.  Loo.' 
2'3  25'  E.     Lat.  43°  12'  45 "  N.     Pop.  15,200. 

Carchemish,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  on  the  Euphra- 
tes, most  probably  the  same  with  Circesium,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  river,  at  the  influx  of  the  Chabo- 
ras. 

Car-Craig,  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Forth. 

Carcuila,  t.  Hind,  in  South  Canara.  Lon.  75°  4' 
E.  Lat.  13°  12'  N. 

CardaiUac,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  Figeac. 

Carden,  t.  Grand  duchy  of  thp  Lower  Rhine,  27 
m.  N.  E.  Treves. 

Cardiff,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorganshire,  on  the 
Taif,  3  m.  from  the  Severn.  A  navigable  canal 
connects  it  with  the  Merthyr  Tydvil  works, 
whence  a  great  quantity  of  cast  and  wrought  iron 
is  brought.  Not  less  than  30,000  boxes  of  tin 
plates,  manufactured  at  an  extensive  work,  with- 
in 4  miles  of  Cardiff,  arc  shipped  for  Bristol.  160 
m.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat.  51°  28'  N, 
Pop.  2,457. 

Cardigan,  a  maritime  co.  of  Wales,  bounded  N. 
by  Merioneth  and  Montgomery,  E.  by  Radnor  and 
Brecknock,  S.  by  Caermarthenshire,  and  W.  by 
the  Irish  sea.  It  contains  726  square  miles.  Pop. 
50,260.  Famihes  1 1,296,  of  which  5,864  are  en- 
gaged in  agriculture,  and  1,913  in  manufactures. 

Cardigan,  t.  Wales,  cap.  of  Cardigan  co.  on  the 
Tivey,  2  m.  from  its  mouth.  It  owns  10,097  tons 
of  shipping,  which  are  navigated  by  929  seamen  ; 
97  m.  W.  N.  W.  Monmouth.  Lon.  4°  42'  W.  Lat. 
51°  59'  N.  Cardigan  Bay,  is  W.  N.  W.  of  the 
town. 

Cardington,  v.  Eng.  2  m.  fr.  Bedford. 

Cardona,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Cardone- 
ro,  defended  by  ramparts  and  a  castle.  It  lies  at 
the  foot  of  an  immense  rock  of  salt,  which  on  the 
side  of  the  river  is  perpendicular,  forming  a  mass 
of  solid  salt,  between  400  and  500  feet  in  height, 
aad  nearly  3  miles  in  circumference.  The  salt  is 
of  various  colours,  but  generally  white  ;  and  va- 
ses, urns,  candlesticks,  and  other  utensils,  and 
toys,  are  made  out  of  it.  The  river  is  salt,  and 
proA'es  fatal  to  fish  fdran  extent  of  8  miles  ;  36  m. 
N.  W.  Barcelona.  Lon.  1°  31'  E.  Lat.  41°  55' 
N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Cardonero,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Llobregat,  at 
Manxes. 

Cardross,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Leven,  3  m.  N. 
W.  Dumbarton. 

Carelia,  an  extensive  tract  of  country  in  Fin- 
land, now  for  the  most  pa-rt  included  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Wiborg. 


154 


CAR 


Carendar,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  40  m.  S. 
Nesa. 

Carennac  t.  France,  7  m.  N.  W.  St.  C^^re. 

Carentan,  t.  France,  near  the  conflux  of  the 
Douvre  and  Carentan.     Lat.  49°  18'  17"  N. 

Carentoir,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan.  Pop.  5,300. 
34  m.  N.  E.  Vannes. 

Carew,  v.  Wales,  5  m.  fr.  Pembroke,  in  Pem- 
broke. 

Carfagnana,  district,  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Luc- 
ca.    Pop.  23,000. 

Carguairaso,  a  lofty  mountain  and  volcano  in 
Quito. 

Carhaix,  t.  France,  19  m.  S.  Morlaix. 

Carham,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  28  m.  N. 
W.  Alnwick. 

Cariaco,  city,  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  on  Cari- 
aco  river.  Lon.  63°  39' W.  Lat.  10<^30'N.  Pop. 
6,500. 

Cariaco,  gulf,  on  the  coast  of  S.  America,  in 
Cumana,  into  which  the  river  Cariaco  empties. 

Cariaco,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  dependent  on 
Grenada. 

Carian,  the  S.  W.part  of  Arracan,  between  16° 
and  17°  N.  lat. 

Cariathin,  t.  Arabia,  240  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mecca. 

Cariati  JVuovo,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  25 
m.  N.  St.  Severino. 

Caribou,  isl.  in  Lake  Superior.  Lon.  85°  30' 
IV.    Lat.  47°  N. 

Caribou,  r.  Canada,  runs  into  the  Saguena.  Lat. 
48°  29'  N. 

Carical,  t  Hind,  in  the  Camatic. 

Caridien,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ceylon.  Lon, 
79°55'E.     Lat.  8°  30' N. 

Carignano,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  8  m  S.  Tu- 
rin. 

Carigue,  isl.  in  the  river  Shannon,  33  m.  W. 
Limerick. 

Carimon,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lat, 
1°  N. 

Carinaeou,  one  of  the  Grenadilla  islands,  in  the 
W,  Indies,  with  an  excellent  hai-bour,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Grenada. 

Carinena,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  20  m.  N.  Ca- 
iataiud. 

Caringapatam,  t.  Hind.  10  m.  S.  E.  Tinne- 
relly. 

Carini,  t.  Sicily,  17  m.  S.  W.  Palermo.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Carinith,  Point,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  58'  W.  Lat.  51°  37'  N. 

Carinola,  (an.  Forum  Claudii,)  t.  Italy,  28  m, 
N.  W.  Naples. 

Carinthia,  in  the  old  divisions  of  the  Austrian 
dominions,  was  a  province  with  the  title  of  duchy, 
lying  between  46°  30'  and  47°  6'  N.  lat.  and  be- 
tween 12°  35'  and  15°  E.  Ion.  In  the  modern  di- 
vision of  the  empire,  this  country  forms  the  cir- 
cles of  Clagenfurt  and  Villach,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Illyria.  It  is  a  mountainous  country,  and  its  chief 
wealth  lies  in  its  mines.  The  lead  mines  are  par- 
ticularly celebrated.     See  Illyria. 

Carisbrook,  v.  Isle  of  Wight,  remarkable  for  its 
«hurch  and  castle,  which  are  of  great  antiquity  ; 
1  m.  from  Newport. 

Caristo,  or  Castel  Rosso,  in  Greece,  at  the  S.  E, 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Negropont.  Lon.  24° 
35'  E.  Lat.  38°  4'  N. 

Carlanstoum,  v.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  33  m,  from 
Dublin. 
,   Carkby,  Mw,  t.  Finland,  70  m.  S.  W,  Ca- 


CAR 

Carlehy,  Old,  a-p.  Finland.  It  has  a  good  harv 
hour.  60  m.  S.  W.  Cajana.  Lon.  23°  1'  E.  Lat, 
63°  50"  N. 

Carlentini,  f.  Sicily,  2  m.  £.  Lentini. 

Carlesmarckt,  t.  Silesia,  9  m.  E.  Brieg. 

Carleton,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m,  from  Ho- 
kesley. 

Carlingford,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Louth.  Carling- 
ford  bay  is  a  fine  haven,  with  20  fathom  water, 
but  is  dangerous  from  rocks.  51  m.  N.  Dublin, 
24  S.  S.  E.  Armagh.     Lon.  6°  8'  W.  Lat.  54«\1'  N. 

Carlisle,  city,  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  very  pleas- 
antly situated  near  the  confluence  of  the  Edea 
and  Calden.  It  was  formerly  a  military  post  ctf 
the  first  importance,  and  d  great  strength.  The 
cathedral,  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  is  a  ven- 
erable structure,  partly  of  Saxon,  and  partly  of 
Gothic  architecture.  Considerable  trade  and 
manufactures  are  carried  on  here.  Pop.  12,531, 
96  m.  from  Edinburgh,  104  from  Glasgow,  20O 
from  Dublin,  and  301  N.  London.  Lon.  3-=  5'  W, 
Lat.  54°  50'  N. 

Carlisle,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  W, 
Boston.     Pop.  672. 

Carlisle,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  W. 
Schoharie,  40  W.Albany.     Pop.  1,231, 

Carlisle,  bor.  and  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  16  m. 
W.  Harrisburg,  113W.  Philadelphia.  Pop.  2,491. 
Lon.  77°  10'  W.  Lat  40°  12'  N.  The  situation  is 
pleasant  and  salubrious.  It  contains  houses  of 
public  worship  for  Episcopalians,  Roman  Catho- 
lics, Methodists,  Lutherans,  and  several  denomi- 
nations of  Presbyterians.  Dickinson  college  was 
founded  in  this  town  in  1783,  and  was,  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  a  flourishing  institution,  having  a 
president,  3  professors,  a  complete  philosophical 
apparatus,  and  a  library  of  about  3,000  volumes,, 
Its  operations  are  now  suspended, 

Carlisle,  p-v.  Bourbon  co.  Ken. 

Carlisle,  p-v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

Carlo,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  off  the  coast  of 
East  Bothnia,  subject  to  Russia.  Lon,  24°  40'  E. 
Lat.  65°  2'  N. 

Carlopago,  s-p.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  Adriat- 
ic. Pop.  12,000.  40  m.  S.  Bukari.  Lon.  15°  13' 
E.  Lat.  44°  55'  N. 

Carlow,  or  Calherlogh,  county  of  Ireland,  boun- 
ded N.  and  N.  W.  by  Kildare  and  Queen's  co.  E, 
by  Wicklow  and  Wexford,  and  S.  W,  by  Kilken- 
ny. It  is  about  26  miles  long  and  23  broad,  and 
contains  21 4  square  miles.     Pop.  about  78,000. 

Carlow,  the  assize  town  of  Carlow  co.  Ireland,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Barrow,  39  m.  S.  Dublin,  17 
N.  Kilkenny.  Pop.  6,575,  Lon,  6°  53'  W.  Lat. 
520  49'N. 

Carlowilz,  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  Danube, 
32  m.  N.  W.  Belgrade.  Lon.  20°  3'  E.  Lat.  47* 
25'  N.     Pop.  5,600. 

Carlsbad,  t.  Bohemia,  famous  for  its  hot  mineral 
waters,  6  m.  N.  E.  Elnb(^en,  56  W.  Prague.  Lon- 
12°52'E.  Lat.  50°  12' N. 

Carlshurg,  or  Carls tadt,  fortified  t.  Hanover, 
30  m.  N.  by  W.  of  Bremen.  Lchi.  8°  40'  E.  Lat, 
53°  32'  N. 

Carlscrona,  or  Carheroon,  s-p.  Sweden,  on  the 
Baltic.  It  is  the  principal  depot  of  the  Swedish 
navy.  The  entrance  to  the  harbor,  which  is  ca- 
pable of  holding  about  100  vessels,  is  commanded 
by  two  forts.  Here  are  celebrated  dock-yards. 
The  exports  consist  of  timber,  tar,  potash,  tallow, 
and  marble.  In  the  town  is  an  anchor  foundery. 
Pop.  13,800.  220  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon, 
15°33'E.  Lat.  56°  6' 57"  N. 


CAR 

Carhftld,    a  mining  t.   in  Saxony,   16   m.   S. 

Carhhainm,  a  royal  staple  town,  Sweden,  on 
the  Baltic  ;  with  a  g-ood  harbor,  a  fortress,  and  a 
4ock-yard.  12  m.  W.  Carlscrona.  Lon.  14°  39' 
E.  Lat.  56°  12'  N. 

Carlshof,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Lon.  140°  30'  W. 
Lat.  15°  45'  N. 

C'arlsruJie,  a  handsome  town  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  the  residence  ol'  the  grand  duke  and  his 
eourt.  Under  the  late  and  present  grand  duke,  it 
lias  received  great  augmentations  and  embellish- 
ments. Pop.  in  1809,  10,300,  of  whom  7,750  were 
Lutherans,  1,800  Calvinists,  and  650  Jews.  2  m. 
N.  W.  Durlach.  Lon.  20°  45'  E.  Lat.  48°  59' 
51"  N. 

Carhtadtf  t.  Austrian  empire,  42  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Laybach,  170  S.  by  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  15*^  50'  E. 
Lat.  45°  34'  N. 

Carlstadt,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  island  of  Tingwalla, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Clara-Elf,  or  Star-Elf,  into 
lake  Wener,  160  m.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  13°  9' 
E.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. 

Carktadf,  t.  Baria,  on  tlie  Maine,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Wurtzburg.     Pep.  2,200. 

Carlton,  v.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  5  jn.  fr.  Olney. 

Carmagnola,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po ;  one  of  the 
strongest  places  on  the  Piedmontese  frontier.  Here 
is  carried  on  a  great  trade  in  cloth,  hemp,  and 
particularly  in  silk.  Pop.  12,000.  12  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Turin.     Lon.  7°  43' E.  Lat.  44°  50  N. 

Carmaing,  t  France,  17  m.  E.  Toulouse. 

Carmarthen.     See  Caermarthen. 

Carmel,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  on  a  mountain,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Hebron,  now  called  El  Kirmel. 

Carmel,  Mount.,  Palestine,  a  fruitful  mountain, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  bay 
of  Acre. 

Carmel,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  15  m.  -W, 
Bangor. 

Carmel^  p-t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  26  m.  S.  E. 
Poughkeepsie.     Pop.  2,020. 

Carmen,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lat. 
59°  30'  N. 

Carmi,  p-t.  and  cap.  White  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Little  Wabash,  20  m.  above  its  mouth,  40  N. 
Shawneetown. 

Carmona,  (an.  Carmo,)  t.  Spain,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Seville. 

Carmona,  t.  Spain,  15  m.  fr.  Toledo. 

Carmutla,  t.  Hind,  70  m.  N.  Bejapour.  Lon. 
75°  32*  E.  Lat.  18°  23'  N. 

Camabat,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  50  m.  W. 
Burgas. 

Carnac,  v.  Egypt,  occupying  a  part  of  the 
site  of  ancient  T/iebes. 

Camanmrl,  r.  Ireland,  falls  into  Galway  bay. 

Carnai-von.     See  Caernarvon. 

Carnatic,  a  province  extending  along  the  E. 
coast  of  Hindostan,  about  560  miles  long,  by  from 
50  to  100  broad,  comprehending  what  lately  form- 
ed the  dominions  of  the  nabob  of  Arcot.  The 
climate  is  liable  to  excessive  heats,  especially 
during  summer.  On  account  of  the  extreme 
scarcity  of  water,  large  tanks  or  artificial  ponds 
have  been  constructed  in  many  places.  The 
country  is  also  liable  to  frequent  famines.  Most 
of  the  inhabitants  are  Hindoos :  Mahometans  and 
Christians  forming  but  a  small  proportion  of  the 
population.  The  principal  towns  are,  Arcot, 
Cuddalore,  Madras,  Madura,  Ongolo,  Pondicher- 
ry,  Tanjwe^  Tinnevclly,  Trichinopoly,  and  Vel- 


CAR 


15$ 


lore.  In  1801,  the  whole  territory,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  small  portion  reserved  by  the  nabob, 
was  ceded  to  the  British,  who  divided  it  into  eight 
districts. 

Camaul,  a  celebrated  t.  Hind,  in  lat,  29°  42' 
N    lon.  76^47' E. 

Camess,  cape,  Scotland.  Lon.  2°  48'  W.  Lat 
58°  53'  N. 

Carnesville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Geo.  110 
m.  fr.  Augusta. 

Carnew,  v.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  44  m.  froitt 
Dublin. 

Carney,  t.  Syria,  5  m.  S.  Bairout. 

Car  Kkobar,  the  most  northern  of  the  Nicobaf 
islands,  and  the  largest  of  the  whole,  being  about 
75  miles  in  circuit.  Lon.  93°  12'  E.  Lat.  9° 
10'  N. 

Carnieres,  t.  France,  25  m.  E.  Charleroy. 

Carniola,  formerly  a  province  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  with  the  title  of  duchy,  bounded  N.  by 
Carinthia,  N.  E.  by  Styria,  E.  and  S.  E.  by  Croa- 
tia, S.  by  Dalmatia  and  the  Adriatic,  and  W.  by 
Istria,  Friuli,  and  the  county  of  Goritz,  contain- 
ing 4,700  square  miles,  with  a  population  in  1807, 
of  409,504.  It  formerly  formed  with  Styria,  Car- 
dinthia,  Friuli,  and  the  territory  of  Trieste,  the 
division  of  the  empire  called  Inner  Austria,  but 
since  1816,  it  has  composed  the  circles  of  Lay- 
bach,  Neustadt,  and  Adelsberg,  in  a  new  division 
of  the  empire  called  the  kingdom  of  lUyria.  See 
Illyria. 

This  province  contains  a  number  of  iron  mines. 
Quicksilver  is  found  near  Ostraga ;  and  the  fa- 
mous mines  of  that  metal  at  Idria  may  likewise  be 
considered  as  belonging  to  this  province.  Cinna- 
bar is  obtained  in  the  county  of  Gomor,  to  the 
amount  of  6000  or  7000  cwt.  per  annum.  The 
inhabitants  are,  for  the  most  part,  of  Sclavoniaji 
extraction,  and  are  called  by  the  Germans  Wen-- 
den,  or  Vandals.  The  number  of  pure  German* 
does  not  exceed  30,000. 

Camoul,  t.  and  district,  Hind.  Lon.  77°  58'  E. 
Lat.  15°  50  N. 

Carnoults,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  N.  E.  Toulon. 

Camsore,  the  S.  E.  point  of  Ireland.  Lon.  6° 
20' W.  Lat.  52°  11' N. 

Camtagher,  mountains,  Ireland,  14  m.  S.  Lon- 
donderry. 

Carnuath,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  25  m.  S.  W. 
Edinburgh. 

Carolath,  principality,  in  Lower  Silesia,  in- 
closed by  the  circles  of  Glogau,  Freystadt,  and 
Grunberg.     Extent  about  1 00  square  miles. 

Carolina,  La,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20  m.  N. 
E.  Anduxar.  Lon.  3°  36'  13"  W.  Lat.  38°  17'  5" 
N.     Pop.  about  3,000. 

Carolina,  (Nortfc,)  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N. 
by  Virginia;  E.  by  the  Atlantic  ;  S.  by  S.  Caro- 
lina, and  W.  by  Tennessee.  It  extends  from  lat. 
33°  50'  to  36°  30'  N.  and  from  lon.  75°  45'  to  84° 
W.  and  contains  48,000  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1790,  393,751  ;  in  1800,  478,103;  and  in  1810, 
555,500,  of  whom  376,410  were  whites,  168,824 
slaves,  and  10,266  free  blacks. 

Along  the  whole  coast  of  N.  Carolina  is  a  ridge 
of  sand,  separated  from  the  main  land,  in  some 
places  by  narrow  sounds,  in  others  by  broad  bays. 
The  passages  or  inlets  through  it  are  shallow  and 
dangerous,  and  Ocracoke  inlet  is  the  only  one, 
north  of  Cape  Fear,  through  which  vessels  pass. 
In  the  counties  on  the  sea  ooast,  the  land  is  low, 
and  covered  with  extensive  swamps  and  marshes, 
and  for  60  or  80  Ruleg  fron    the  sliore  is  a  d«aa 


156 


CAR 


CAR 


level.  Beyond  this,  the  country  swells  into  hills, 
and  in  the  most  western  part  rises  into  moun- 
tains. In  the  low  country,  the  soil  is  genei'ally 
sandy,  and  covered  with  immense  forests  of  pitch 
pine;  in  the  swamps,  rice  of  a  fine  quality  is 
raised;  and  in  the  upper  country,  wheat,  rye, 
barley,  oats,  hemp,  and  Indian  com. — The  prin- 
cipal rivers,  beginning  in  the  east,  are  the  Chow- 
an, Roanoke,  Pamlico,  Neuse,  Cape  Fear,  Yad- 
kin, Catabaw,  and  Broad.  The  banks  of  these 
rivers  are  rich  and  fertile,  but  not  a  single  point 
has  been  found  on  the  coast,  within  the  limits  of 
tlie  state,  at  which  a  safe  and  commodious  port 
could  be  estabhshed.  Hitherto,  the  productions 
of  the  northern  parts  of  the  state,  lying  on  the 
Roanoke  and  its  branches,  and  also  on  the  upper 
parts  of  the  Tar  and  Neuse,  have  been  sent  to  the 
markets  of  Virginia  ;  and  the  trade  of  Broad  riv- 
er, the  Catabaw,  and  the  Yadkin,  has  gone  to  S. 
Carolina. — Since  the  year  1815,  the  state  has  been 
zealously  engaged  in  the  business  of  internal  im- 
provements. It  is  intended  to  improve  the  navi- 
gation of  the  inlets  and  sounds,  so  as  to  open  a 
direct  and  easy  communication  with  the  ocean  ; 
to  remove  the  obstructions  in  the  navigation  of  the 
principal  rivers  ;  to  connect  the  rivers  by  naviga- 
ble canals ;  to  improve  the  roads  ;  and  to  drain 
the  marshes  and  swamps  of  the  eastern  and  south- 
ern counties.  In  prosecution  of  these  plans,  skilful 
engineers  have  been  employed,  for  several  years, 
in  making  the  necessary  surveys,  and  several  pri- 
vate companies  have  been  formed,  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  state.  In  1820,  the  legislature  ap- 
propriated, for  the  purpose  of  internal  improve- 
ments, the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  all  the  Cherokee 
lands,  which  have  lately  come  into  the  possession 
of  the  state. 

Within  a  few  years,  there  has  been  much  zeal 
displayed  in  the  establishment  of  academies  and 
schools.  Previous  to  1804,  there  were  but  2 
academies  in  the  state.  The  number,  at  present, 
is  50,  and  is  rapidly  increasing ;  and  there  is  a 
flourishing  university  at  Chapel  Hill,  called  tho 
University  of  North  Carolina.  The  most  nume- 
rous denominations  of  Christians,  are  the  Metho- 
dists and  Baptists,  especially  in  the  low  country. 
The  western  part  of  the  state  was  settled  by 
Presbyterians  from  Pennsylvania. — The  govern- 
ment consists  of  a  senate,  and  house  of  commons, 
chosen  annually,  and  a  governor  chosen  by  joint 
ballot  of  both  houses. — The  principal  exports  are 
pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  and 
tobacco. — Raleigh  is  the  seat  of  government. 

Carolina,  (South,)  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N, 
and  N.  E.  by  North  Carolina;  S.  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic ;  and  S.  W.  by  Georgia,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  Savannah  river.  It  extends  from 
lat.  32°  to  35°  8'  N.  and  from  Ion.  78°  24'  to  83° 
30'  W.  containing  24,000  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1790,  239,073;  in  1800,  345,591;  and  in  1810, 
415,110,  of  whom  214,201  were  whites,  196,365 
slaves,  and  4,554  free  blacks. 

The  sea  coast  is  bordered  with  a  fine  chain  of 
islands,  between  which  and  the  shore  there  is  a 
very  convenient  navigation.  The  main  land  is 
naturally  divided  into  the  Lower  and  Upper 
country.  The  low  country  extends  80  or  100 
miles  from  the  coast,  and  is  covered  with  exten- 
sive forests  of  pitch  pine,  called  pine  barrens,  in- 
terspersed with  swamps  and  marshes  of  a  rich 
soil.  After  leaving  the  low  country,  in  proceeding 
into  the  interior,  you  first  pass  through  a  region  of 


little  sand  hills,  resembling  the  waves  of  the  ocean 
in  a  high  sea.  This  curious  country,  sometimes 
called  the  middle  country,  continues  for  50  or  60 
miles,  till  you  arrive  at  the  Ridge,  which  is  a  re- 
markable tract  of  high  ground  as  you  approach 
it  from  the  sea,  but  level  as  you  advance  from  the 
N.  W.  Beyond  this  ridge,  commences  a  fine 
healthy  country  of  hills  and  dales,  terminating  in 
the  western  extremity  of  the  state,  in  lofty  moun- 
tains.— The  banks  of  the  large  rivers  and  the 
creeks,  in  the  low  country,  are  bordered  with  a 
belt  of  excellent  land,  producing  cotton  and 
maize  in  abundance ;  the  marshes  and  swamps,  in 
this  district,  make  fine  rice  plantations ;  and  some 
of  the  low  grounds  between  the  sand  hills  in  the 
middle  district,  are  suitable  for  agriculture  and 
pasturage  :  but  with  these  exceptions,  the  whole 
country  below  the  Ridge  has  a  sandy  barren  soil, 
not  worth  cultivation.  The  soil  of  the  upper 
country  is  generally  strong  and  productive. — 
Cotton  and  rice  are  the  staple  productions  of  the 
state.  The  climate  and  soil  are  well  adapted  to 
tobacco,  grain,  and  indigo,  and  these  were  for- 
merly cultivated  to  a  great  extent ;  but  since  the 
invention  of  the  machine  to  cleanse  upland  cot- 
ton from  its  seeds,  the  cultivation  of  cotton  has 
become  so  profitable,  that  almost  every  thing  else 
is  neglected. 

The  climate  of  the  upper  country  is  healthy, 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  In  the  low  country, 
the  summer  months  are  sickly,  particularly  Au- 
gust and  September,  and  at  this  season,  the  cli- 
mate frequently  proves  fatal  to  strangers. — The 
principal  rivers  beginning  in  the  N.  E.  are  the 
Pedee,  Santee,  Cooper,  Ashley,  Edisto,  Comba- 
hee,  and  Savannah. — 'There  is  a  canal,  22  miles 
long,  connecting  Santee  and  Cooper  rivers,  by 
which  the  produce  of  a  large  section  of  this  state, 
and  of  the  western  part  of  N.  Carolina,  is  brought 
to  the  city  of  Charleston. 

South  Carolina  college,  at  Columbia,  has  been 
liberally  patronized  by  the  state.  Colleges  have 
also  been  incorporated  in  Abbeville  district,  in 
Beaufort  and  in  Winnsborough,  but  they  have  not 
taken  a  higher  rank  than  academies.  Free  schools 
are  established  throughout  the  State,  and  the  sum 
of  $30,000  annually,  has  been  appropriated  by 
the  legislature,  for  their  support. — The  most  nu- 
merous religious  denominations,  are  Metliodists 
and  Baptists.  Next  to  them  are  the  Presbyteri- 
ans and  Episcopahans. — The  legislature  consists 
of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives.  The 
senate  is  chosen  every  4  years,  and  the  represen- 
tatives every  two  years,  by  districts.  The  gov- 
ernor is  chosen  every  2  years  by  a  joint  ballot  of 
both  houses. 

In  1817,  South  Carolina  was  the  third  State  in 
the  Union,  in  the  value  of  her  exports.  Theamount 
was  $10,372,613,  and  consisted  almost  wholly  of 
domestic  produce.  The  staple  of  the  State  is  cot- 
ton. The  other  articles  are  rice,  lumber,  pitch, 
tar,  turpentine,  &c.  A  large  part  of  this  produce 
is  exported  in  ships,  belonging  to  the  merchants 
of  the  northern  States.  Charleston  is  the  largest 
town  in  tlie  State,  and  the  centre  of  its  conmierce, 
but  Columbia  is  the  seat  of  government. 

Caroline,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  N.  E.  Spen- 
cer. > 

Caroline,  co.  Md.  on  the  eastern  shore,  bounded 
N.  W.  by  Queen  Anne  co.  E.  by  Delaware,  S.  by 
Dorchester  co.  and  W.  by  Talbot.  Pop.  9,453. 
Slaves,  1,520.    Chief  town,  Denton. 


CAR 


CAR 


157 


Caroline,  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Rappa- 
hancock.  Pop.  17,544.  Slaves,  10,764.  Chief 
town,  Bowlingfgreen. 

Caroline  Islands  or  JVeic  Philippines,  in  the  Pa- 
cific.    l.on.  136°  to  156°  E.     Lat.  6°  to  10°  N. 
Caromata,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Caromb,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.  E.  Avignon. 
Carondolet,  or  Vide  poche,  v.  St.  Louis  co.  Mis- 
souri, on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Cahokia,  6  m. 
below  St.  Louis, 

Caroni,  large  r.  S.  America,  falls  into  the  Ori- 
noco, on  the  S.  side,  72  leagues  from  its  mouth,  af- 
ter a  course  of  more  than  400  iniles. 

Caroon  Beled,  or  Bcllet,  an  extensive  mass  of 
ruins,  situated  upon  the  lake  of  the  same  name, 
and  which  appear  to  be  the  remains  of  the  cele- 
brated building,  called  the  Labyrinth  of  Egypt. 

Caroon,  Birket  el,  (an,  Moeris)  a  considerable 
lake  in  Faioum,  in  Egypt,  about  50  miles  long  and 
10  broad. 

Caroor,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetoor,  on  the  Amar- 
wati ;  42  m.  W.  Trichinopoly. 

Carora,  city,  Venezuela.  The  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  engaged  in  rearing  oxen,  mules,  horses, 
sheep,  goats,  Sic;  45  m.  E.  lake  Maracaibo,  '270 
W.  Caraccas.  Lat.  9°  50'  N. 
Carouge,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  W,  Alencon. 
Carouge,  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  St.  Domin- 
go. 

CarovigriA),  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  d'Otranto  ;  3  m. 
E.  Ostuni. 

Carp  River,  runs  into  the  S.  side  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior, 30  m.  W.  of  the  La  Train. 

Carpanedo,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  N.  Bassano. 
Carpus,  t.  Cyprus,  22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Famagusta. 
Carpathian  Mountains,  an  extensive  chain  of 
mountains,  which  reaches  from  the  borders  of 
Saxony  to  the  Black  sea,  separating  Moravia  from 
Silesia;  Transylvania  and  Hungary  from  the  Bu- 
kowine  and  Galicia ;  and  Walachia  from  Molda- 
via. Most  of  its  summits  are  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Carpenedolo,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Seriolo-Chi- 
ese,  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Brescia. 

Carpentaria,  Gulf  of,  on  the  N.  coast  of  New- 
Holland.  It  stretches  in  breadth  5°  30'  of  longi- 
tude, from  Endeavour  Strait  to  Cape  Wilber- 
force,  and  7°  of  latitude  in  depth.  Lon,  130°  50' 
E.    Lat:  10°  20'  S. 

Carpenter'' s  Point,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
Carpentras,  t.  France,  on  the  Anson,   in  Vau- 
cluse  ;  12  m.  N.  E.  Avignon,  38  N.  W.  Aix.  Lon. 
5°  3^  E.     Lat.  44°  3'  N.     Pop.  8  or  9,000. 

Carpi,  t.  Italy,  in  Modena ;  24  m.  S.  Mantua, 
Carpi,  t.  Venetian  Territory,  on  the  Adige  ;  5 
m,  S.  Legnano. 

Carpio,  t.  Spain,  22  m.  E.  Cordova, 
Carpusaliy  v.  NatoUa,  36  m.  N.  Melasso. 
Carra,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  Dingle  bay. 
Carraca,  La,  s-p.  Spain,  6  m.  E.  Cadiz. 
Carrantasca  Lagoon,  a  large  gulf  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  bay  of  Honduras.     Lon,  83°  W.     Lat.  15° 
32'  N.      Carrantasca  Shoals,  extend  from  it  40 
miles.   Lon.  83°  W.    Lat.  \G^  N. 

Carrara,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Massa,  long  cel- 
ebrated for  its  quarries  of  beautiful  marble,  which 
18  of  different  colours,  and  adapted  for  different 
uses,  some  kinds  being  employed  in  building,  and 
others  in  statuary  ;  5  m.  N.  W,  Massa,  22  N.  W. 
Lucca.     Lon.  10°  4'  E.  Lat.  44°  3'  N. 

Carribean  Sea,  a  part  of  the  Atlantic,  bounded 
N,  by  Jamaica,  St.  Domingo.  Porto- Rico,  and  the 


Virgin  islands,  S.  and  W.  by  the  continent,  E.  by 
the  Carribean  islands. 

Carribee,  or  Caribee  Islands,  a  part  of  the  West 
India  islands  ;  extending  in  the  form  of  a  crescent 
from  the  island  of  Porto- Rico  to  the  coast  of  South 
America.  They  lie  between  58°  and  65°  W. 
lon.  and  between  9°  and  19°  N.  lat.  The  chief 
areSantaCruz,  St.  Martin,  St.  Christopher,  Ne- 
vis, Antigua,  Montserat,  Guadaloupe,  Dominica, 
Martinique,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Barbadoes, 
Grenada,  Tobago,  and  Trinidad. 

Carrick  on  Shannon,  t.  cap.  of  Leitrim  co,  Ire^ 
land,  36  m.  S.  Ballyshannon. 

Carrick  on  Stiir,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tipperary.  Pop. 
about  11,000  ;  12  m.  N.  W.  Waterford,  70  N.  W. 
Dublin.    Lon.7°8'VV.    Lat.  52^23' N. 

Carrickfergus,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Antrim,  on  Bel- 
fast lough,  or  Carrickfergus  bay.  It  was  once  the 
principal  seaport  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  but  its 
trade  has  been  transferred  to  Belfast.  Pop.  3,400. 
8  m.  fr.  Belfast,  86  fr.  Dublin.  Lon.  6°  2'  W.  Lat. 
54°  43'  N, 

Carrickmacross,  v,  Ireland,  19  m.  S,  S,  E,  Mo- 
naghan. 

Carrion,  r.  Spain,  falls  into  the  Pisuerga. 

Carrion  de  Los  Condes,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon  ;  40  m. 
W.  Burgos, 

Carrock,  mt.  Eng.  12  m.  fr.  Cheswick. 

Carrog,  r.  Wales,  falls  into  the  sea  4  m.  S.  S, 
W.  Caernarvon. 

Carron,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling,  on  Carron  riv- 
er, wliich  falls  into  tlie  Forth.  Iron  works,  now 
among  the  most  extensive  in  Great  Britain,  were 
erected  here  in  1760.  There  are  about  twenty 
furnaces,  and  the  whole  works  employ  more  than 
2000  persons.  All  kinds  of  iron  goods  ai-e  manu- 
factured at  Carron  :  heavy  ordnance,  cylitiders, 
steam-engines,  pumps,  boilers,  flies,  wheels,  and 
pinions,  together  with  other  ponderous  apparatus 
used  in  war,  or  the  arts  ;  2  m.  N.  W.  Falkirk,  26 
N.  W,  Edinburgh. 

Carrouge,  t.  Savoy,  3  m.  fr.  Geneva. 

CarrRock,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  frith  of  Forth, 
near  its  mouth, 

Carru,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Tanaro,  4  m.  S, 
Bene, 

Carrying,  or  Portage  river,  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
S,  W,  end  of  Lake  Erie,  15  m.  from  Sandusky. 

Cart,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Clyde,  3  m.  N. 
Paisley. 

Cartago,  city,  capital  of  Costa-Rica,  in  Guati- 
mala,  about  10  leagues  from  the  Atlantic,  and 
about  17  from  the  Pacific.  Lon.  83°  30'  W.  Lat. 
9°42'S. 

Cartago,  city  of  Popayan,  near  the  river  Cauca. 
75  m.  N.  E.  Popayan,  Lat,  4°  46'  N.  Pop.  5  or 
6,000. 

Cartama,  v.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  8  m.  N.  W.  MaK 
aga. 

Cartama,  r,  S.  America,  in  Antioquia,  runs  into 
the  Cauca. 

Carter,  co.  Tennessee,  bounded  N.  by  Sullivan 
CO.  E.  by  N.  Carolina,  S.  W.  by  Washington  co. 
Pop.  4, 190.  Slaves  262.  Chief  town,  Elizabeth- 
town. 

Carter'' s  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  52°  68'  N. 

Carteret,  maritime  co.  N.  C.  on  Core  and  Pam- 
lico Sounds.  Pop,  4,823,  Slaves  1,172,  Chief 
town,  Beaufort, 

Carteret'' s  Harbour,  on  the  S,  W,  coast  of  New 
Ireland     Lon.  152°  19'  E.  Lat,  5°  S. 


m 


CAS 


Carteret's  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific.  Loa.  154* 
14'  E.  Lat.  8°  26'  S. 

Carters  store,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

Cartersville,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Va.  48  ni.  from 
Richmond. 

Carthage.  The  ruins  of  this  great  city,  the  aii- 
cient  emporium  of  northern  Africa,  are  still  to  be 
seen  on  a  promontory,  12  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tunis. 

Carthage,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

Carthage,  v.  in  Brighton,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  at 
the  lower  falls  of  the  Genesee,  5  m.  from  Lake 
Ontario,  and  about  30  N.  W.  Canandaigua.  Car- 
thage bridge,  erected  across  the  Genesee,  lately 
fell.  It  consisted  of  a  single  arch,  of  352  feet 
chord,  resting  on  abutments  of  solid  rock,  which 
rise  with  a  front  nearly  perpendicular,  to  the 
height  of  150  feet. 

Cartilage,  p-v.  Moore  co.  N.  C. 

Carthage,  p-t.  and  cap.  Smith  co.  Ten.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Cumberland  river,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Caney  fork,  50  m.  E.  N.  Nashville. 

Carthage,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  N.  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Carthagena,  or  Cartagena,  s-p.  Spain,  on  the 
coast  of  Murcia.  It  was  founded  by  the  Cartha- 
ginian general,  Asdrubal.  It  is  protected  by  a 
fort,  and  possesses  the  best  harbour  in  the  Medit- 
erranean. It  consists  of  a  natural  basin  of  great 
depth,  reaching  close  to  the  town,  and  secured 
from  every  wind,  by  the  surrounding  hills,  and  by 
an  island  near  the  entrance.  The  town  lies  on  a 
peninsula  in  this  basin,  has  good  spring  water,  and 
a  large  and  well  stored  arsenal.  A  manufactory 
of  sail-cloth  is  carried  oh  by  the  inhabitants.  Pop. 
25,000.     Lon.  1°  0'  21"  W.  Lat.  37°  35'  50"  N. 

Carthagena,  a  province  of  S.  America,  in  New 
Grenada,  bounded  N.  by  the  Ca'-ibbean  sea,  S.  by 
Antioquia,  E.  by  Santa  Martha,  from  which  it  is 
divided  by  the  great  river  Magdalena,  W.  by  Da- 
rien.  It  contains  about  60,000  whites,  13,000  In- 
dians, and  7,000  negro  slaves. 

CartTiagena,  city,  8.  America,  in  New  Grenada, 
on  a  sandy  island,  on  the  shore  of  a  large  and  very 
commodious  bay.  The  city  and  suburbs  are  well 
laid  oat.  The  houses  are  built  chiefly  of  stone. 
There  are  various  churches  and  convents,  some 
of  which  are  magnificent.  The  bay  in  which  the 
city  is  situated,  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  coast.  It 
has  a  sufficient  depth  of  water,  and  good  anchor- 
tige,  and  is  so  smooth,  that  the  ships  are  no  more 
agitated  in  jt  than  in  a  river.  Ix)n.  77°  50'  W. 
Lat.  10°  30'  N.     Pop.  24,000. 

Carthagena,  T.  S.  America,  enters  the  Pacific  at 
the  cape  of  Corrientes. 

Carthkeriny,  r.  Wales,  runs  into  the  Tave,  7  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Caermarthen. 

Cartwel,  t.  Eng.  16  m.  from  Lancaster. 

Carver,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  8  m.  E.  Plym- 
outh, 50  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  858.  Here  is  a  pond, 
containing  iron  ore.  The  iron  is  of  a  superior 
quality,  and  500  tons  have  been  obtained  in  a 
year. 

Carvin,  t.  France,  14  m.  E.  Bethune. 

Canvar,  s-p.  Hind.  45  m.  E.  Goa.  Lat.  14° 
47' N. 

Cari/y  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  sea  near  Bally- 

Casabar.     See  Durgut. 

Casac,  a  country  of  Persia,  in  Armenia,  nom- 
inally subject  to  Persia,  but  ruled  by  its  own  prin- 
ces. 

C^asada  creeky  m.Chatgjaue  co.  N.  Y.  issues  from 


C  A  6 

Casada  lake,  T  ni.  S.  Dunkirk  ou  Lake  Erie,  ani 
falls  into  the  outlet  of  Chatauque  lake. 

Casa  Grande,  t.  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  on  the  Rio 
Gila.     Lon.  113°  23'  E.  Lat.  33^  40'  N. 

Casale,  or  Casal,  t.  Piedmont,  cap.  of  the  duchy 
of  Montserrat,  on  the  Po,  near  the  site  of  the  an- 
cient SediUa.  35  m.  S.  W.  Milan,  37  N.  E.  Tu- 
rin.    Lon.  8°  19'  E.  Lat.  45°  12'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Casale,  t.  of  the  Austrian  states,  in  the  Paduan^ 
6  m.  S.  W.  Montagnana. 

Casale,  t.  Venetian  territory,  3  m.  S.  E.  Tre^ 
viso. 

Casale  Borgone,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  N.  E.  Tu^ 
rin. 

Casale  Buttano,  t.  Lombardy,  8  m.  N.  W.  Cre» 
mona. 

Casale  Grande,  t.  Italy,  9  m.  S.  W.  Modena. 

Casale  Maggiore,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Po,  20  mi 
E.  S.  E.  Cremona. 

Casale  Morano,  t.  Italy,  12  m.  N.  W.  Cremona. 

Casal  Nuovo,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  d'Otranto; 
one  in  Capitanata,  11  m.  N.  Lucera;  one  in  Lom- 
bardy, 5  m.  W.  Cremona ;  one  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Tuscany  ;  one  in  Naples,  pop.  3,510.  15  N. 
Policastro  ;  one  in  Naples,  15  m.  N.  'Pursi. 

Casale-Pusterlengo,  t.  Lombardy,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Lodi. 

Casalegio,  v.  Italy,  in  Parma,  duchy  of  Placen^ 
tia,  6  m.  S.  W.  Piacenza. 

Casan.     See  Kasan. 

Casnnara,  r.  Venezuela,  falls  into  the  Mota, 
about  75  leagues  above  its  junction  with  the  Ori- 
noco. By  means  of  this  river,  and  of  the  river 
Meta,  the  inhabitants  of  Santa  Fe  can  carry  their 
produce  into  Guiana. 

Casarrubios,  t.  Spain,  25  m.  S.  W.  Madrid. 

Cashin,  city  of  Persia,  in  Irak,  on  a  great  san- 
dy plain.  It  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  cities  in 
Persia.  The  manufactures  and  trade  of  Casbin 
are  considerable,  this  city  being  open  to  Georgia, 
Azerbijan,  Ghilan,  and  the  Caspian  sea.  240  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Ispahan.  Lon.  49°  33'  E.  Lat.  36°  12'  N. 
Pop.  60,000. 

Casbwona,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  5  m.  W. 
Strongoli. 

Cascades,  Islede,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  St.  Louis. 

Cascaes,  s-p.  Portugal,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Ta- 
gus,  at  its  mouth.  15  m.  W.  Lisbon.  Lat.  38° 
44'  N.     Cape  Cascaes  is  2  m.  S.  W. 

Caschau,  or  Cassovia,  cap.  of  Upper  Hungary, 
100  m.  S.  Cracow,  105  N.  E.  Buda.  Pop.  7,900 
Lon.  20°  40'  E.  Lat.  49°  40'  N. 

Cascina,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  S.  W.  Alessandria, 

Cascn  hay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  between  cape 
Elizabeth  on  the  S.  VV.  and  Cape  Small  Point,  40 
miles  distant,  on  the  N.  E.  It  contains  about 
300  small  islands,  which  are  well  cultivated,  and 
includes  other  bays,  Maquoit,  Stroudwater,  and 
Portland  harbour. 

Caserta,  or  Cascerta  JVbrcr,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra 
di  Lavoro,  noted  for  its  magnificent  palace.  15 
m.  E.  Capua,  13  N.  E.  Naples. 

Casey,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  3,285.  Slaves  242.  Chief 
town,  Elizabeth. 

Cashan,  or  Kashan,  city,  Persia,  in  Irak,  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  in  the  empire.  Coloured  and 
flowered  silks,  the  latter  of  exquisite  beauty,  are 
manufactured  here ;  also  carpets  and  cotton  cloth, 
utensils  of  copper,  gold,  and  silver.  Pop.  estima- 
ted at  30,000.  106  m.  N.  Ispahan.  Lon.  51°  IT 
E.  Lat.  33°  55'  N. 

Cash-clap  settlement,  p-v.  Johnson  co.  lUinoi?. 


CAS 


©AS 


159 


Cashell,  city,  Ireland,  in  Tipperary,  an  archie- 
piscopal  see,  about  3  m.  from  the  river  Suir,  31 
S.  W,  Waterford.     Pop.  about  3,000. 

Cashgar.     See  Kashgar. 

Cashie,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  the  Roanoke,  near  its 
mouth. 

Cashmere^  a  province  of  India,  for  a  lon»  period 
belonging  to  Hindostan,  but  now  an  appendage  of 
Afghanistan  ;  it  is  about  90  miles  long,  and  near- 
ly of  an  oval  form,  situated  cliiefly  between  34° 
and  33°  N.  lat.  and  between  73°  and  76°  E.  Ion. 
It  is  a  fertile  valley,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by 
mountans,  from  whence  descend  numerous  rivu- 
lets. From  its  elevated  situation  the  climate  is 
delightful,  the  luxury  of  snow  can  always  be  pro- 
cured, and  the  various  fruits  and  flowers  of  both 
zones  are  found  in  the  greatest  abundance.  This 
country  may  be  entered  by  seven  passes.  The 
mode  of  transporting  goods  through  these  passes,  is 
on  men's  shoulders,  the  roads  being  impracticable 
either  for  horses,  bullocks,  or  mules.  There  are 
guards  postedat  each  of  these  passes,  who  examine 
all  strangers ;  and  no  one  is  allowed  to  quit  the 
country  without  a  passport.  Rice  is  the  common 
fcod  of  the  inhabit'csnts,  and  is  raised  in  abundance, 
but  the  most  valuable  vegetable  production  is  saf- 
fron, of  which  great  quantities  are  exported.  The 
principal  source,  however,  of  the  wealth  of  Cash- 
mere, is  its  delicate  and  unrivalled  manufacture  of 
shawls  ;  the  wool  or  hair  of  which  the  shawl  is 
made,  is  produced  by  a  goat,  found  only  in  Tibet, 
from  whence  the  Cashmere  merchants  are  suppli- 
ed with  the  wool.  Sixteen  thousand  looms  are 
said  to  be  constantly  employed,  and  the  number 
of  shawls  supposed  to  be  manufactured  annually  is 
80,000.  During  the  late  revolutions  in  the  Afghan 
government,  the  governor  of  Cashmere  revolted, 
and  continues  to  maintain  his  independence.  Its 
principal  towns  are  Serinaghur  and  Islamabad. 

Cashmere,  called  also  Serinaghur,  the  capital  of 
the  above  province,  is  in  Ion.  73°  43'  E.  lat.  34° 
20'  N.  ou  the  Jhelum,  over  which  there  are  five 
wooden  bridges.  Many  of  the  houses  are  three 
stories  high,  and  are  principally  built  of  wood. 
There  are  no  public  buildings  of  any  consequence 
in  the  city,  but  in  the  environs  there  are  the  re- 
mains of  several  handsome  palaces  built  by  the  em- 
perors of  Hindostan. 

Cash  river,  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Ohio  15  m.  be- 
low Wilkinsonville. 

Cashy,  district,  Hind,  tributarv  to  Nepaul,  be- 
tween 28°  and  29°  N.  lat.  and  about  83°  E.  Ion. 

Casiar.     See  Cmsarea. 

Casikli,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Natolia.  Lat.  37° 
22' N. 

Casimir,  or  Casmy,  (an.  Eleutherus,)  r.  Syria, 
falls  into  the  sea,  4  m.  N.  Suir. 

Casimirsburg,  a  fortified  place  of  Pomerania,  on 
the  Baltic,  13  m.  E.  N.  E.  Colberg. 

Casino,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  sea  2  m.  N.  W. 
Cape  Stilo. 

Caso,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  6  m.  S.  Scar- 
panto. 

Caspe,  t.  Spain,  44  m.  S.  E.  Saragossa. 

Caspian  Sea,  an  inland  sea  of  Asia,  bounded  N. 
by  Russia,  E.  by  Tartary,  S.  by  Persia.  It  is  646 
miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.  and  265  in  extreme 
breadth.  The  water  is  as  salt  as  that  of  the 
ocean,  and  has  a  bitter  taste.  Numerous  rivers 
run  into  the  Caspian,  aud  among  them  the  Volga, 
the  largest  river  in  Europe,  yetthelakehas  no  visi- 
ble outlet.  The  navigation  of  this  sea  is  dajigerous 
owing  to  thennmei'ous  shallows.    There  are  ma- 


ny ports,  but  few  of  which  are  safe  and  commodi- 
ous for  shipping.  Sturgeon,  salmon,  and  other  fish 
are  caught  in  great  quantities,  and  a  number  of 
small  vessels  leave  Astracan  every  season,  for  the 
seal  fishery  on  the  Caspian. 

Caspiaji,  or  Beautiful,  lake,  in  Greensborough, 
Vt.     It  is  a  head- water  of  the  Lamoil. 

Cassag/ie,  t.  France,  14  m.  S.  Rhodez. 

Cassandra,  Gulf  of,  on  the  coast  of  Eu.  Turkey, 
in  the  northwest  part  of  the  archipelago,  east  of 
the  gulf  of  Saloniki.     Lon.  23°  50'  E.  Lat.  40°  N. 

Cassandra  JVora,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  15  m.  S.  E.  So- 
loniki. 

Cassano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  1 19  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Naples  ;  one  in  Bari,  15  m.  S.  Bari ;  one  iu 
principato  Ultra,  12  m.  W.  Conza. 

Cassano  suil  Jidda,  t.  Lombardy,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Milan. 

Cassay,  called  also  Meckley,  or  Muggalow,  a 
province  of  the  Birman  empire,  lying  between  23° 
and  26°  N.  lat.  and  between  93°  and  96°  E.  lon. 
bounded  N.  by  Assam,  W.  by  Bengal,  S.  and  E. 
by  Ava.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah,  who  is  tribu- 
tary to  the  Birman  monarchs ;  and  its  inhabitants 
are  Hindoos,  many  of  them  brahmins.  1'he  coun- 
try is  mountainous  and  very  poor. 

Cassehury  Ghaut,  a  mountainous  pass,  Hind.  25 
m.  N.  Chandor, 

Cassel,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  the  electorate  of 
Hesse  (called  from  it  Hesse  Cassel.)  It  is  on  the 
Fulda.  The  great  school,  called  Collegium  Caro- 
linum,  was  founded  here  in  1709.  The  trade  of 
this  place  is  not  of  great  importance,  but  there 
are  some  manufactories  of  china,  earthen-ware, 
and  woollen  stuffs.  50  m.  S.  E.  Paderborn,  84  N. 
E.  Coblentz.  Lon.  9°  35'  18"  E.  Lat.  51°  19'  20" 
N.     Pop.  19,000. 

Cassel,  or  Montcassel,  t.  France,  in  the  dep.  of 
the  North,  15  m.  S.  E.  of  Dunkirk,  158  N.  Paris. 
Lon.  2°  29'  24"  E.  Lat.  50°  47'  54"  N. 

Cassel,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse,  ,-)n  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  opposite 
Mentz,  Avith  which  it  has  communication  by  a 
bridge  of  boats. 

Cassette,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  Turin..  Po]). 
9,500. 

CasselVs  store,  p-v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

Cassencuil,  t.  France,  6  m.  W.  N.  W.  Villeneuve 
d'Agen. 

Casnna,  or  Cashna,  an  extensive  kingdom  of 
central  Africa,  situated  W.  of  Bornou,  and  extend- 
ing S.  to  the  Niger.  Like  most  other  states  in 
this  part  of  Africa,  it  is  now  tributary  to  Bornou^ 
The  commerceofCassina  with  northern  Africa,  ia 
maintained  by  a  caravan  from  Fezzan.  The  ex- 
ports consist  of  gold  dust,  slaves,  cotton  cloths,  and 
goat  skins  dyed  red  and  yellow.  The  impoi-ts  are 
woollen  stufis,  carpets,  hardware,  arms,  knives, 
scissors,  beads,  mirrors,  and  toys.  Cassina,  the 
capital,  is  a  city  of  great  extent,  but  little  is  known 
respecting  it. 

Cassine,  v.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  Acqui. 

Cassiquiari,  r.  a  branch  of  the  Rio  Negro,  in  S. 
America,  which  communicates  with  the  Orinoco. 

Cassis,  s-p.  France,  8  m.  S.  E.  Marseilles. 

Cassius,  Mount,  or  Jebel  Ocrab,  mt.  Syria,  near 
Antioch,  2  m.  S.  of  the  river  Orontes. 

Ca-ssopo,  t.  Island  of  Corfu,  8  m.  N.  Corfu. 

Cassy,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Benares. 

Castagnedolo,  t.  Lombardy,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Brescia, 

Castaliana  Indians,  Missouri  Territoiy,  1,500  in 
number,  with  the  Catakas,  375  in  number,  and 
the  Dottttnis,  200,  in  number,  inhabit  the  country 


Idd 


CAS 


CAS 


on  the  upper  parts  of  the  Platte  and  Kansas  rivers, 
and  are  supposed  to  be  descendants  of  the  anpient 
Padoucas  nation. 

Caslamena,  or  Kastamoni,  t.  Natolia.  Lon.  34° 
18'E.  Lat.40°  42' N. 

Castanet,  i.  France,  6  m.  S.  S .  E.  Toulouse. 

Castanheira,  t.  Portugal,  18  m.  N.  E.  Lisbon; 
one  24  m.  E.  S.  E.  Coimbra ;  one  in  Beira,  7  m. 
E.  Aveiro. 

Castono,  t.  Lombardy,  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Castarmwitz,  or  Kostanitza,  t.  and  fort,  Austrian 
empire,  in  Croatia.     Lon.  17°  0'  E.  Lat.  45°  30'  N. 

Castel  Caldo,  t.  V'enetian  territory,  30  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Padua. 

Castel  Durante,  or  Urbanea,  t.  of  the  popedom, 
7  m.  S.  W.  Urbino. 

Castel-GondoJfo,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  in  Cam- 
pagnadi  Roma,  12  ra.  E.  of  Rome. 

Castel  Leone,  t.  Lombardy,  15  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Gremona.     Pop.  8,000. 

Castel  a  Mare  di  Slabia,  s-p.  Naples,  in  princi- 
pato  Citra,  15  m.  S.  E.  Naples. 

Castel  J^uovo,  fortified  t.  Austrian  empire,  in 
Dalmatia,  in  the  gulf  of  Cattaro,  10  m.  W.of  Cat- 
taro.     Lat.  42°  40'  N. 

Castel  JVuovo,  t.  Piedmont,  17  m.  N.  W.  Asti. 

Castel  J\ruovo,  t.  Italy,  in  Modena,  9  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Re^io. 

Castel  Rodrigo,  fortified  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
10  m.  N.  W.  Pinnel, 

Castel  Sardo,  s-p.  Sardinia,  22  m.  N.  E.  Sassari. 

Castel-Sarrazin,  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne,  10 
m.  W.  Montauban,  30  W.  N.  W.  Toulouse.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Castel  Selino,  t.  Island  of  Candia,  21  m.  S.  W. 
Canea. 

Castel  Vetere,  (an.  Cavlina,')  t.  Naples,  in  Cala- 
l)ria  Ultra,  12  m.  N.  Gierace. 

Cartelaun,  t.  Prussian  states,  22  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Coblentz. 

Castelbranco,  fortified  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on 
the  Leiria,  7  m.  S.  E.  Coimbra. 

Castellamonte,  t.  Piedmont,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ivrea. 

Caslellane,  t.  France,  36  m.  W.  Nice. 

Castellazo,  t.  Piedmont,  7  m,  S.  Alessandria. 

Castello  di  Birona,  (an.  Stippo,)  t.  Naples,  in 
Calabria  Ultra,  6  m.  W.  Monte  Leone. 

Castello  Citao  di,  (an.  Tifemum  Tiberinum,)  t. 
States  of  the  Church,  on  the  Tiber,  cap.  of  a  coun- 
ty, 100  m.  N.  Rome. 

Castello  Rosso,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  half  a 
mile  from  the  coast  of  Caramania.     Lon.  20°  37'  E. 

Castello  de  Vide,  t.  and  frontier  castle  of  Portu- 
gal, 9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Portalcgre. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana,  t.  Spain,  28  m.  S.  Valen- 
cia.    Pop.  11,000. 

Castelluccio,  t.  Naples,  39  m.  N.  W.  Bisignano. 

Castelmoron,  t.  France,  on  the  Lot,  9  m.  W.  Vil- 
leneuve  d'Agen. 

Castelmoron,  t.  France,  27  m.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux. 

Castelmoroux,  t.  France,  8  m.  E.  Toulouse. 

Castelnau  de  Bonnifou,  t.  France,  3  m.  W. 
Alby. 

Castelnau  de  Brassac,  t.  France,  9  m.  E.  Castres. 

Castelnau  de  Magnoac,  t.  France,  25  m.  N.  E. 
Bagneres. 

Castelnau  de  Montmirail,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Gaillac. 

Castelnau  de  Montratier,  t.  France,  15  m.  N. 
Montauban.     Pop.  4,000. 

Castelnau  de  Strefond,  t.  France,  U  m.  N.  W. 
Toulouse. 


Castelnaudary,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  33  m.  S.  E^' 
Toulouse.     Pop.  8,100. 

Castelnuovo  Tortonense,  or  di  Scrivia,  t.  Milav^ 
on  the  Scrivia,  10  m.  N.  Tortona. 

Castigliole,  t.  Piedmont,  1 1  m.  S.  W.  Savigliano. 

Castiglione,  t.  Tuscany,  on  a  lake  near  the 
coast.  It  is  famed  for  its  manufacture  of  salt,  12 
m.  S.  xMassa.  Lat.  42°  52'  N.  One,  Italy,  18  m. 
N.  Lucca ;  one,  Sardinian  states,  20  m.  E.  Genoa ; 
one,  Naples,  in  principato  Citra,  5  m.  N.  E.  Sa- 
lerno ;  one,  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  6  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Civita  Borella. 

Castiglione  delle  Stitiere,  t.  Lombardy,  in  Man- 
tua. It  is  surrounded  with  walls.  20  m.  N.  W. 
Mantua. 

Castignola,  or  Casligliola,  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Ceni. 

Castile,  Old,  an  extensive  province  of  Spain  in- 
closed between  Arragoa,  New  Castile,  Estrema- 
dura,  Leon,  Asturias,  Biscay  and  Navarre.  Its 
form  is  that  of  an  irregular  triangle,  whose  ex- 
treme length  is  GO  leagues,  and  its  breadth  about 
50.  Burgos  is  the  chief  town.  The  wealth  of 
Old  Castile,  consists  in  its  pasturage,  which  feeds 
thousands  of  sheep,  cows,  and  other  cattle.  The 
merinos  after  wintering  in  the  plains,  find  in  the 
mountains  of  this  province  a  rich  supply  of  food  for 
the  summer  months.  The  commerce  consists  in 
the  transport  of  wool,  and  this  takes  place  chiefly 
by  Burgos.     Pop.  1,200,000. 

Castile,  JVcM',  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  N. 
W.  and  N.  by  Old  Castile,  N.  E.  by  Arragon,  E. 
by  Valencia,  S,  E.  by  Murcia,  and  S.  by  Andalu- 
sia. The  principal  towns  are,  Madrid  :  Toledo, 
the  provincial  capital ;  Cuenca,  the  seat  of  a  bish- 
op, Cuidad  Real,  Seguenza,  and  Talavera  de  la 
Reyna.  The  residence  of  the  court  during  the 
last  three  centuries  has  had  a  very  evident  effect 
on  the  improvement  of  Madrid,  but  very  little  on 
the  province  at  large.  The  soil  is  naturally  fer- 
tile, but  the  cultivation  of  it  is  neglected,  and  the 
mineral  treasures  of  the  mountains  remain  unex- 
plored. The  manufactures  are,  woollen  stuffs, 
silki,  satin,  and  velvet,  hats,  soap,  earthenware, 
and  cutlery.     Pop.  1,200,000. 

Castillon,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  25  m.  E.  Bour- 
deaux. 

Castillon  de  Medoc,  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne. 
34  m.  N.  by  W.  Bourdeaux. 

Castillonez,  t.  France.  5  m.  E.  Lauzun. 

Castine,  s-p.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  122 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Portland.  Lon.  68°  46' W.  Lat.  44° 
24'  N.  Pop.  1,036.  It  is  situated  on  a  promonto- 
ry, nearly  at  the  head  of  the  east  side  of  Penob- 
scot bay.  It  has  an  excellent  harbour  for  any 
number  of  ships  of  the  largest  size,  has  bold  water, 
and  is  accessible  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The 
promontory  is  connected  with  the  main  by  a  nar- 
row isthmus.  Castine  has  great  strength  from  its 
natural  situation,  and  if  proper  batteries  were 
erected,  might  almost  bid  defiance  to  attack. 
From  the  narrowness  of  the  isthmus  which  con- 
nects it  with  the  main,  it  could  be  insulated  with- 
out much  labour  or  expense ;  and  this  mode  of 
defence,  in  addition  to  strong  batteries,  would  en- 
able it  to  resist  any  force  Avhich  would  probably 
be  brought  against  it.  The  excellent  harbor  of 
Castine  ;  its  favourable  situation  for  the  entry  of 
prizes  ;  and  above  all,  its  geographical  situation, 
communicating  in  a  few  days  sail  with  Halifax, 
and  by  a  short'route  up  the  Penobscot,  with  Que- 
bec, giving  a  command  of  all  the  intermediate 


CAS 

tountry  from  the  Penobscot  to  the  St.  Croix,  ren- 
der it  of  the  highest  consequence  as  a  military 
position.  This  place  was  talten  by  the  British 
during  the  late  war,  but  was  restored  at  the  con- 
clusion of  peace. 

Castle  Acre,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk ;  5  m.  fr.  Swaff- 
ham,  95  fr.  London. 

Caslle  Carey,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Wells. 

Castle  Douglas,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kirkcudbright ; 
9  m.  N.  Wigton. 

Caslle  Dermot,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kildare,  34  m.  S. 
W.  Dublin. 

Castle  Donninglon.     See  Donnington  Castle. 

Castle  Hedingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  7  m,,  fr. 
Braintree. 

Castle  Lehan,  t.  Ireland,  12  m.  N.  E.  Cork. 

CaMle  jyiarti/r,  t.  Ireland,  12  m.  fr.  Cork,  118  fr. 
Dublin. 

Castle  Rising,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  Norfolk. 
5m.  N.E.Lynn. 

Casflebar,  t.  Ireland,  in  Ma5'o ;  35  m.  N.  Gal  way. 

Castlecomer,  t.  Ireland,  10  m.  N.  Kilkenny. 

Castleford,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  fr.  Ponte- 
fract 

Castleharen,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  19  m.  S. 
W.  Bandonbridge. 

Castleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancaster.  Pop.  6,723.  1 
m.  S.  Rochdale. 

Castleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Derb}'^shire. 

Castleton,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  38  m.  W.  Wind- 
sor. Pop.  1,428.  Lake  Bombazine  is  chiefly  in 
this  town,  and  discharges  itself  into  Castleton  riv- 
er, which  falls  into  Putney  river  in  Fairhaven. 

Castleton,  p-t  Richmond  co.  on  Slaten  island, 
N.  y.  9  m,  S.  W.  New- York.  Pop.  1,301.  Here 
is  the  Marine  Hospital,  which  can  accommodate 
2  or  300  sick ;  and  the  Quarantine  and  Health 
Establishments  of  the  city  of  New- York. 

Castleton,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 

Castletown,  or  Castle  Rushin,  (an.  Sodo')  t.  Isle 
of  Man,  Eng.     Lon.  4°  40'  W.     Lat.  54°  5'  N. 

Castletown,  v.  Scotland,  18  m.  S.  S.  VV.  Jedburgh. 

Castor,  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

Cas(or''s  River,  Newfoundland,  falls  into  St. 
John's  harbor. 

Castor ia,  r.  Turkey,  empties  into  a  lake  in 
Macedonia,  after  which  it  is  called  Vistritza. 

Castravan  Mountains,  a  branch  from  Mount 
Lebanon,  in  Syria,  20  m.  S.  Tripoli. 

Castres,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Agout 
and  Thouret,  35  m.  E.  Toulouse.  Lon.  2°  19'  E. 
Lat.  43°  30'  N.     Pop.  12,400. 

Castri,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  on  the  S.  W. 
side  of  Mount  Parnassus,  and  the  site  of  the  an- 
cient Delphi. 

Castricum,  v.  Netherlands,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Alk- 
maer. 

Castries,  Bay  of,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Chinese  Tar- 
tary,  in  the  channel  or  gulf  of  Tartary,  which  sep- 
arates that  part  of  the  continent  from  the  island 
of  Saghalien.     Lat.  51°  29'  N. 

Castro,  a  duchy  of  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  lying  between  St.  Peter's  Patrimony, 
the  Mediterranean,  Tuscany,  the  Orvietano,  and 
the  river  Marta.  Castro,  the  capital,  is  near  the 
river  Ospada,  10  miles  from  the  sea ;  55  m.  N.  W. 
Rome.  Lon,  11°  35'  E.     Lat.  42°  33'  N. 

Castro,  t.  Naples,  on  the  gulf  of  V'enice,  8  m.  S. 
E.  Otranto. 

Castro,  (an.  Mytiletic)  s-p.  Island  of  Metelin,  30 
no.  S.  W.  Adramiti.     Lon.  26°  28'  E.  Lat.  39°  N. 

Gastro,  chief  t.  Lemno':.     Poo.  800  families. 

21 


CAT 


1,61 


Cg,stTO  Oeriz,  t.  and  county,  Spain  j  20  ra.  W.  Bur- 
gos. 

Castro  Giovanni,  t,  Sicily,  40  m.  W.  Catania. 
Lon.  140  50'  £.     Lat.  37°  30'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Castro  Marim,  s-p.  Portugal,  on  the  Guadiana. 
12m.E.N.E.  Tavira. 

Castro  JVuovo,  t.  Sicily,  20  m.  S.  E.  Palermo. 

Castrop,  t.  Prussian  states,  27  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mon- 
ster. 

Castropol,  t.  Spain,  14  ra.  E.  Mondonedo. 

Castro  Vireyaa,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N. 
W.  by  Cunete,  N.  by  Yauyoo,  N.  E.  by  Angiraes, 
and  Huamanga-and-Huanta  ;  W.  by  Vilcas  Hua- 
man  ;  S.  W.  by  Lucanas  and  lea.  Castro  Virey- 
na,  the  capital,  is  60  m .  fr.  Lima.  Lon.  74°  44' 
W.     Lat.  13049' S. 

Castua,  t.  Istra,  30  m.  S.  E.  Trieste. 

Caswell,  CO.  in  the  N.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  11,757. 
Slaves,  4,299.  Chief  t,  Leesburg,  At  the  Court- 
House  is  a  post-ofSce. 

Cat  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  the  first  land 
discovered  by  Columbus,  who  called  it  St.  Salva-  ♦ 
dor.     Lon.  750  W.     Lat.  24°  30' N. 

Catabamba,  t.  Peru,  and  cap.  of  a  province  of 
the  same  name,  90  m.  S.  W.  Cu?co. 

Caiabaw  river.     See  Wateree. 

Catabaw  Indians,  450  in  number,  reside  on  e. 
Reservation  of  141,000  acres,  granted  by  the  Pro- 
prietary government,  on  Catawba  river.  Lat. 
34°  49',  on  the  boundary  line  between  N.  aiad  S, 
Carolina.  Their  ancestors  were  among  the  bra- 
vest and  most  generous  enemies  of  the  Six  Nations. 

Catabulm,  r.  S.America,  falls  into  the  Rio  Negro. 

CataJiula,  p-t.  Rapide  co.  Louisiana.  Pop. 
1,164. 

Catahunk  island.    See  Buzsard's-bay. 

Catalina  harbour,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lat.  48°  38'  N. 

Catalonia,  province,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Spain, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Pyrenees,  which  separate  it 
from  France,  E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  S.  by  Va- 
lencia, and  W.  by  Arragon.  It  far  surpasses  eve- 
ry province  in  Spain,  in  manufactures,  commerce, 
agriculture  and  industry.  Vines  are  cultivated 
on  a  very  large  scale.  The  other  products  are  ol- 
ives, silk,  hemp  and  flax.  A  great  trade  is  carried  on 
with  the  American  colonies,  Italy,  the  South  of 
France,EnglanJ, Holland, and  the  North  of  Europe. 
Tiie  Catalans  manufacture  woollens,  silks  and 
cottons,  hats,  leather,  gunpowder,  and  hardware. 

Catamaiu,  v.  Quito,  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in 
about  4°  45'  S.  lat.  Near  its  mouth,  it  is  called 
Amotape. 

Catamaiidoo,  citj^,  Hind.  cap.  of  Nepaul,  in  lat. 
27°  33'  N.  lon.  85°  39'  E.  on  the  Bhagmutty  riv- 
er, in  one  of  the  most  romantic  vallies  in  the 
world.  It  is  well  supplied  witli  every  conven- 
ience of  life,  and  is  said  to  contain  50,000  persons. 
The  houses  are  built  of  brick,  of  two,  three,  and 
four  stories,  but,  in  general,  have  but  a  mean  ap- 
pearance. 

Catamarca,  S.  Fernando  de,  city,  S.  America,  in 
Tucuman.     Lat.  27°  S. 

Catanduanes,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  E. 
of  Luzon.     Lon.  124°  30'  E.  Lat  15°  N. 

Catania,  a  famous  city  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  De- 
mona,  beautifully  situated  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna.  Although  de- 
stroyed t'lree  times  by  the  lava  of  the  volcano,  it 
has  always  risen  more  splendidly  from  its  ashes. 
Most  of  the  edifices  possess  an  air  of  magnificence 
unknown  in  any  other  part  of  the  island.  The 
vicinity  of  Etna  l^  the  seurce  of  good  and  evil  to 


162 


CAT 


the  Catanians ;  producing  a  purity  of  climate  ex- 
tremely favourable  to  health,  and  highly  condu- 
cive to  the  culture  of  corn,  vegetables,  fruit,  and 
■wine ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  keeping  up  alarm, 
from  the  danger  of  eruption.  In  1693,  the  whole 
town  was  thrown  down  by  an  earthquake.  The 
lava,  which  is  found  here  in  immense  quantities, 
is  used  for  building  and  paving.  The  harbor, 
though  one  of  the  largest  in  the  island,  is  not 
much  frequented.  The  exports  are  wheat,  bar- 
ley, wines  and  oil.  35  m.  N.  Syracuse.  Lat.  37° 
30'  N.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Catansaro,  t  Naples,  cap.  of  Calabria  Ultra. 
Pop.  computed  at  10,900.  9  m.  N.  E.  Squillace, 
10  S.  W.  Belcastro.  Lon.  15°  64'  E.  Lat.  38° 
58' N. 

Cataract  River,  N.  America,  falls  into  the  Co- 
lumbia, about  200  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Cataraugm,  co.  the  S.  W.  part  of  N.  Y.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Niagara  and  Genesee  counties,  E.  by 
Alleghany  co.  S.  by  Pennsylvania,  and  W.  by  Cha- 
tauque.     Pop.  458. 

Cafaraugus,  r.  N.  Y,  falls  into  lake  Erie,  25  m. 
S.  Buffalo. 

Catas  .tUas,  v.  Brazil,  about  200  miles  N.  E. 
Rio  Janeiro. 

Catawessee,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  tiie 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  20  m.  N.  E.  Sun- 
bury.     Pop.  1,934. 

Cateau  Cambresis,  fortified  t.  France,  15  m.  S. 
E.  Cambray.  Lon.  3°  32'  66"  E.  Lat.  50°  6'  15" 
N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Cathanse,  r.  Maine,  runs  into  Merry-meeting- 
bay,  in  Lincoln  co. 

Catharines,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  W. 
Spencer.     Pop.  836. 

Cathcm,  Catema,  Kadhema,  Gran,  or  Koueit, 
8-p.  Arabia,  in  Lachsa.  Lon.  48°  10'  E.  Lat.  29^ 
13'  N. 

Cathlakamaps,  Indians,  700  in  number,  at  the 
mouth  of  Wallaumut  river,  (miscalled  Multno- 
mah,) 80  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river. 

Cathlanamenamen,  Indians,  400  souls,  on  an 
island  in  the  mouth  of  the  Wallaumut,  on  Co- 
lumbia river.  This  was  once  a  very  powerful 
tribe,  under  a  celebrated  chief  named  Toteleham. 

Cathlapooile,  Indians,  1,100  in  number,  oppo- 
site the  Cathlakasaps,  on  Columbia  river. 

Calif,  el,  t.  Arabia,  in  Lachsa,  near  the  Persian 
gulf,  132  m.  S.  Bassora,  420  S.  Ispahan.  Lon.  47° 
16' E. 

Catingoor,  t.  Hind.  50  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hyderabad. 

Catistobole,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.     Lon.  85°  16' W. 

Catknburg,  t.  Hanover,  16m.S.  S.  E.  Einbeck. 

Catleltsburg,  p-v.  Greenup  co.  Ken. 

Catmandu.     Sec  Catamandoo. 

Cato,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Senaca  river,  24 
m.  N.  Auburn.    Pop.  1,075. 

Caton,  t.  Eng.  4  m.  N.  Lancaster. 

Catrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Benares,  25  m.  S.  ^V.  Mir- 
zapore. 

Catrine,  v.  Scotland,  14  m.  N.  W.Ayr. 

Cafscreek  inills,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Ohio. 

Catskill,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  33  m.  below  Albany,  5  below  Hudson. 
Pop.  4,245.  Catskill  village,  is  on  Catskill  creek, 
and  contains  about  200  houses,  the  county  build- 
ings, 2  houses  of  public  worship,  an  academy, 
and  a  bank. 

Catskill,  r.  N.Y.  runs  into  the  Hudson,  at  Cats- 
kilL     Its  mouth  makes  a  good  harbor  for  sloops. 

Catskill  mountains,  N.  Y.  west  of  Hu(}son  rir- 


C  A  U 

et-,  in  the  counties  of  Ulster,  Green,  Albany,  ?md 
Schoharie.  The  height  of  their  summits  has 
been  accurately  estimated  by  Capt.  Partridge. 
Round  top  is  3,804  feet,  and  High  Peak,  3,718 
above  the  sea. 

Cattaro,  t.  Austrian  empire,  at  the  bottom  of  the 
gulf  of  Cattaro,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Adriatic. 
It  is  defended  by  a  castle  and  strong  battlements, 
and  is  inclosed  with  high  rocks.  28  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Scutari,  30  S.  S.  E.  Ragusa.  Lon,  18°  58'  E. 
Lat.  42°  22'  N. 

Cattegat,  a  large  channel,  between  Jutland 
on  the  W,  the  islands  of  Funen  and  Zealand 
on  the  S,  and  the  coast  of  Sweden  on  the  E.  It 
communicates  with  the  Baltic  by  the  Sound  and 
the  two  B  elts. 

Cattorich,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  22  m.  fr.  Bo- 
roughbridge. 

Cattoun,  an  English  settlement  on  the  W.  coasf 
of  Sumatra.     Lon.  101°  45'  E.  Lat.  3°  20'  S. 

Cattii-yck,  two  villages  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Holland  :  one  on  the  sea  shore,  6  m.  N.  W.  Ley- 
den,  called  Cattwyck  op  See ;  the  other  near  it 
on  the  Old  Rhine,  called  Cattwyck  op  Rhyn. 

Catiira,  t.  Syria,  15  m.  N.  Aleppo. 

Catzenelnbogen,  Old,  t.  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau., 
28  m.  W.  N.  W.  Mcntz.  Lon.  7°  157'  E.  Lat. 
50°  13'  N. 

Cava,  La,  t.  Naples,  25  m.  E.  Naples. 

CavMchis,  t.  Quito,  on  the  Amazon,  90  m.  N.  E. 
St.  Joachim  de  Omagua?. 

Cavade,  lake,  Tyrol,  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Trent. 

Cavado,  r,  Portugal,  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  be- 
low Braga. 

Cavaglia,  v.  Piedmont,  16  m.  W.  Vercelli. 

CavailUm,  (an.  Cabellio,)  t.  France,  on  the  Du- 
rance, in  Vaucluse,  12  m.  S.  E.  Avignon.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Cavaillon,  t.  St.  Domingo,  5  leagues  W.  by  S, 
St.  Louis. 

Cavala  or  La  Carale,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the 
Archipelago.     Lon.  24°  48'  E.  Lat.  40°  43'  N. 

Cavaleri,  isl.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Archipelago. 
Lon.  24°  10'  E.  Lat.  38°  7'  N. 

Cavalier  Maggiore,  large  v.  Piedmont,  19  m.  S. 
Turin. 

Cavaliere,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Caramania. 

Cavalley,  islands  near  the  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land.    Lon.  185°  42'  E.  Lat.  35°  3'  N. 

Cavan,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Fermanagh, 
E.  by  Monaghan,  S.  by  Longford,  Meath,  and 
Westmeath,  and  W,  by  Leitrim.  Pop.  in  1801, 
90,000. 

Cavan,  t.  Ireland,  cap.  of  Cavan  co.  54  m.  N. 
W.  Dublin. 

Cavana,  t.  Peru,  in  Cusco,  100  m.  S.  W.  Cusco. 

Cavarzere,  t.  Venetian  territory,  on  the  Adige, 
16  m.  N.  E.  Rovigo, 

Cavazates,  t.  Cuba,  120  m.  E.  Havannah. 

Caub,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  on 
the  Rhine,  20  m.  S.  Coblentz.  Lon,  7°  40'  E,  Lat, 
53°  50'  3"  N. 

Cauca,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  18  m.  N,  Se- 
govia. 

Cauca,  r.  S.  America,  rises  near  Popayan,  be- 
tween the  great  western  and  middle  ridges  of  the 
Andes ;  and  after  a  northerly  course  of  about  500 
miles,  falls  into  the  Rio  Magdalena,  in  lat.  9°  N. 

Caucasus,  a  vast  chain  of  mountains  in  Asia, 
commencing  near  the  mouth  of  the  "Kuban,  on 
the  Black  sea ;  and  running  S.  ti'averses  Mingre- 
lia  and  Georgia,  and  afterwards  turning  east, 
runs  along  the  W.  shores  c^  tlie  Caspian  sea,  and 


c  A  vy 

through  the  Persian  provinces,  I')aghestan  and 
Shirvan.  Thence  it  pursues  an  easterly  course 
under  other  names,  till  it  joins  the  immense  range 
ioiown  by  the  name  of  Hindoo  Koosh.  Part  of  this 
chain  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

CaiicasuSy  Governmtnt  of,  a  province  of  Russia, 
bounded  N.  by  Saratov,  Elcaterinoslav,  and  the 
country  cf  the  Don  Cossacks ;  E.  by  the  Caspian 
sea,  and  the  river  Ural ;  S.  by  the  Persian  and 
Turkish  dominions^  and  the  territories  of  inde- 
pendent tribes  ;  and  W.  by  the  sea  of  Azoph,  and 
province  of  Taurida.  The  inhabitants  consist  of 
numerous  tribes,  some  of  them  scarcely  admitting 
the  supremacy  of  Russia.  It  consists  of  two  prov- 
inces, Caucasus  and  Astracan, 

CauchvmiU,  Turkish  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Lon.  26°  24'  E.  Cat.  36°  30'  N. 

Caudar^  v.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Xucar,  above 
Cuenca. 

Caudcbec^  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  18  m.  W. 
Rouen ;  one  on  the  Seine,  in  Eure. 

Caudecosle,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  E.  Agen. 

Caudete,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  a  league  from 
Villena.     Pop.  6,000. 

Caudiez,  t.  France,  27m.W.  N.  W.  Perpignan. 

Cavendish,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  10  m.  S.  W. 
Windsor,     Pop.  1,295. 

Cavers undr mi,  t.  Hind.  23  m.  N.  N.  W.  Gaudi- 
«otta. 

Caverypatam,  t.  Hind.  12  m.  S.Tanjore. 

Caverypatam,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Mysore,  103  m. 
E.  Seringapatam. 

Caveryporum,  t.  Hind.  85  m.S.  E.  Seringapatam. 

Caveshill,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

Caugmahry,  t.  and  district,  Bengal.  Lat.  24° 
15'  N.  Lon.  89°  48'  E. 

Caughnuwaga,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 

Caviana,  isl.  in  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon,  about 
220  miles  in  circumference. 

Caviana,  t.  Brazil,  25  m.  S.  W.  Para. 

Cavite,  L  in  the  island  of  Luzon,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Manilla.     Lon.  121°  E.  Lat.  14°  29' x\. 

Caulabagh,  t.  Afghanistan,  on  the  Indus.  In 
the  vicinity  are  large  rocks  of  pure  salt.  Lon. 
70°  46' E.  Lat.  32^  11' N. 

Caumont,  t  France,  20  m.  S.  W.  Caen. 

Caumont,  t.  France,  on  the  Durance,  8  m.  E. 
by  S.  Avignon. 

Caune,  La,  t.  France,  21  m.  E.  N.  E.  Castres. 

Cannes,  Les,  t.  France,  25  m.  W.  Narbonne. 

Caunglass,  Point,  on  the  W,  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lat.  51°  58'  N. 

Caunsrahead,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lat.  52°  8'  N. 

Cavor,  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  S.  by  E.  Pignerol. 

Cauquenes,  r.  Chili,  falls  into  the  Maule. 

Caussade,  t.  France,  35  m.  N.  Toulouse. 

Caulen,  r.  Chili,  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  39° 
20' S. 

Cauterets,  v.  France,  25  m.  S.  W.  Tarbes. 

Cauvery,  r.  Hind,  in  Tanjore,  passes  through 
the  Mysore,  and  falls  into  the  sea  by  several 
mouths,  after  a  course  of  nearly  400  miles. 

Cawnpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  Gan- 
ges, in  lon.  80°  21'  E.  lat.  26°  30'  N.  on  the  high 
road  between  Culpee  and  Lucknow.  The  Brit- 
ish military  cantonments  are  in  its  vicinity,  and 
contain  good  barracks  for  three  regiments  of  cav- 
alry, one  battalion  of  artillery,  two  European  re- 
giments, and  six  battallions  of  native  infantry.  50 
m.  S.  Lucknow. 

Cawood,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Ouse,  13 
m.  S.  W.  York. 


C  A  Z 


J63 


Cawihorne,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire^  4  m.  from 
Barnsley. 

Caxamarca,  city,  Peru,  and  cap.  of  a  province 
of  the  same  name.     Lat.  6°  54'  S.     Pop.  2,000. 

CaxamarquiUa,  city,  Peru,  and  cap.  of  a  pro- 
vince of  the  same  name  ;  lies  S.  E.  of  Caxamarca, 
in  lat.  7°  36'  S.  The  population  of  the  province  is 
8,000. 

Caxalambo,  city,  Peru,  and  cap,  of  a  province 
of  the  same  name,  lies  160  m.  N.  of  Lima,  in  lat. 
10°  27'  S. 

Caxton,  t  Eng.  10  m.  from  Cambridge. 

Caya,  r.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  falls  into  the 
Guadiana  near  Badajos ;  another  in  Catalonia, 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean  near  Tamarit. 

Cayagan^  Sooloo  Isles,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the 
Eastern  seas,  lying  off  the  N,  E.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  118°  50' E.  Lat.  7°  N. 

Cayahoga.     See  Cayuga,  and  Cuyahoga. 

Cayambe,  or  Cayambe-Urcu,  one  of  the  loftiest 
summits  of  the  Andes,  in  the  E.  chain  of  the  Cor- 
dilleras. 60  m.  N.  W.  Quito.  It  is  20,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Cayenne,  isl.  in  French  Guiana,  18  m.  long  and 
10  broad,  separated  from  the  main  land  by  the 
river  Cayenne.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lat  5°  N. 
53°  15'  VV. 

Cayenne,  cap.  of  French  Guiana ;  is  on  the 
N.  point  of  the  island  of  Cayenne.  It  has  a 
large  and  convenient  port.  Lon.  52°  16'  W.  Lat 
5°xN. 

Cayenne,  r.  French  Guiana,  falls  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lat.  4°  55'  N. 

Cayes,  Les,  s-p.  St.  Domingo,  13  leagues  W.  by 
S.  St.  Louis.     Lat.  18°  12'  N. 

Cayeux,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  6  m.  W. 
St.  Valery. 

Caymans.     See  Caimans. 

Caymites.     See  Caimites. 

Cayne,  r,  Wales,  falls  into  the  Severn,  4  m.  W, 
Newtown. 

Cayo,  t.  Wales,  in  Caermartlien  co .  6  m.  from 
Llan-dovery. 

Cayster,  r.  Natolia,  flows  into  the  sea  near  Eph- 
esus. 

Cayte,  r.  Brazil,  falls  into  the  sea,  in  lat.  0°  50' 
S.  lon.  46°  40'  W. 

Cayuga,  co.  (N.Y.)  E.  of  Cayuga  lake ;  bounded 
N.  by  Lake  Ontario  and  Oswego  co.  ;  E.  by  Os- 
wego, Onondaga  and  Cortlandt  cos.  ;  S.  by  Tomp- 
kins CO.  and  W.  by  Cayuga  lake,  and  Seneca  and 
Ontario  COS.     Pop.  29,840.    Chief  town.  Auburn. 

Cayuga,  p-v.  in  Aurelius,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  The 
village  of  East  Cayuga  stands  on  the  east  side  of 
Cayuga  lake.  A  bridge  crosses  the  lake,  at  this 
place,  and  a  steam-boat  plies  the  lake  to  Ithaca. 

Ca_y7/g-aLafce,  between  Cayuga  and  Seneca  cos. 
N.  Y.  40  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  4  broad.  Its 
outlet  is  Seneca  river. 

Cayuga  creek,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  the  most  north- 
ern fork  of  Buffalo  creek. 

Cayufa,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N.  Spencer. 

Caza  Forte,  a  fort  of  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  on  the 
Tocantins.     380  m.  N.  N.  E.  Villaboa. 

Cazal,  t.  Arabia,  80  m.  N.  E.  Medina. 

Cazalioub,  v.  Natolia,  24  m.  N.  W.  Kutayeh. 

Cazals,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  W.  Gourdon. 

Cazaubon,  t.  France,  25  m.  W.  Gondii. 

Caze,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  95  m.  S.  E.  Mecca. 

Cazenovia,  p-t.  jand  cap.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  40 
m.  W.  Utica,  130  W.  Albany.  Pop.  3,151.  It  is 
a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 


164 


C  E  L 


C  E  N 


Courthouse,  a  jail,  a  house  of  public  worship,  and 
abauk. 

CazereSf  t.  France,  on  the  Garonne,  33  m.  S.  W. 
Toulouse. 

Cazobla,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Guadal- 
quivir. 

Caszarif  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Euphrates,  55 
m.  W.  Bagdad. 

Cazzola,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.     Lat.  43=*  8'  N. 
Cea,  t.  Spain,  23  m.  E.  S.  E.  Leon. 
Cecil,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,167. 
Cecil,  CO.  Aid.  on  Ure  Eastern  shore  oi'the  Ches- 
apeake ;  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Del- 
aware, S.  by  Kent  co.  and  W.  by  the  Chesapeake. 
Pop.  13,066.    Slaves,  2,467.     Chief  town.  Elk- 
ton. 

Cecina,  r.  Italy,  falls  into  the  Tuscan  sea,  be- 
tween Leghorn  and  Piombino. 
Cedar,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 
Cedar  creek,  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Del.     Pop. 
8,874. 

Cedar  creek,  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  runs  into  James 
river.  The  Katural  Bridge  over  this  creek,  is  12 
m.  S.  Lexington.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest  curiosi- 
ties in  the  world.  The  river  runs  through  a 
chasm  which  is  90  feet  wide  at  the  top.  The 
sides  are  250  feet  high,  and  almost  perpendicular. 
The  bridge  is  a  huge  rock  thrown  across  this 
chasm  at  the  top.  It  is  60  feet  wide,  and  covered 
with  earth  and  trees.  It  forms  a  sublime  specta- 
cle, when  beheld  from  the  margin  of  the  creek. 

Cedar  creek,  runs  into  the  Missouri  from  the  N. 
in  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri. 

Cedar'creek  mouth,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Ken. 
Cedar  Lake,  N.  America,  60  m.  E.  Lake  Win- 
nipic,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Saskatch- 
iwine.    Lon.  100°  5'  W.  Lat.  53°  8'  N' 

Cedar  Lake,  {Red,)  N.  America,  from  which 
proceeds  one  of  tlie  branches  of  the  Mississippi,  in 
lat.  47°  27'  N. 

Cedar  point,  cape,  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of  Ches- 
apeake bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxent. 

Cedar  point,  s-p.  Charles  co.  Md.  on  the  P6to- 
mac,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Port-Tobacco. 

Cedars,  v.  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m. 
above  Montreal. 

Cedarville,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  N  J. 
Cedogna,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  12  m. 
N.  VV.Melfi, 

Cefalu,  t.  Sicily,  30  m.  E.  Palermo. 
Cehegin,  t.  Spain,  37  m.  W.  Murcia. 
Ceilles,  t.  France,  35  m.  N.  W.  Montpelier. 
Ceira,  t.  Portugal  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Ceira,  3  m.  S.  E.  Coimbra. 

Ceiztriat,  t.  France,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bourgen 
Bresse. 

Celano,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  near  lake 
Celano.  16  m.  W.  Salmona.  Lon.  13°  27  E. 
Lat.  42°  6'  N. 

Celaya,  t  Mexico.  Lon.  101°  5'  W.  Lat.  21° 
N. 

Celbridge,  t.  Ireland,  10  m.  from  Dublin. 
Celebes,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  of  a  very  ir- 
regular figure,  about  500  miles  long.  It  con- 
sists of  three  large  peninsulas.  Immense  bays 
are  formed  between  the  peninsulas,  affording 
secure  harbors  for  shipping.  The  inhabitants 
are  confuted  at  3,000,000.  They  are  of  a 
copper  colour.  The  men  ard  described  as  suspi- 
cious, cruel,  and  ferocious  ;  but  ingenious,  brave, 
and  high-spirited,  and  daring  in  adventure.  Their 
martial  character  is  celebrated  all  over  the  East- 
ern seas.   They  generally  profess  a  corrupted  form 


of  the  Mahometan  religion.  They  are  adventa^ 
reus  navigators,  frequenting  all  places  in  the 
Eastern  seas.  Their  piracies  inspire  dread  among 
the  neighbouring  islanders.  The  trade  consists  in 
the  exportation  of  gold,  tortoise-shell,  sago,  rice, 
and  cotton  cloths,  and  in  the  importation  of  arms 
and  ammunition,  iron  and  steel,  blue  and  white 
cloth.  The  island  is  called  Negree  Oran  Bu^ess 
and  Tanna  Macassar,  by  the  natives.  It  is  parti- 
tioned into  several  political  divisions,  which  are 
governed  by  different  rajahs  or  chiefs,  respect- 
ively independent  in  their  own  territories.  Many 
towns  are  seen  along  the  coast,  of  which  Macas- 
sar, where  there  is  a  Dutch  settlement,  is  the  best 
known.  Lon.  116°  40'  to  121°  40'  E.  Lat.  3°  N. 
to  5°  10'  S. 

Celenito,  r.  Calabria,  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Ta- 
rento. 

Celindro,  s-p,  Asia  Minor,  54  m.  N.  Cerino,  in 
the  island  of  Cyprus.- 

Celln,  t.  France,  6  m.  E.  Thiers  ;  one,  10  m.  fr. 
Moulins  ;  one,  6  m.  fr.  St.  Almand ;  one,  in  Aub^ 
on  the  river  Ource. 

Cellefrouin,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Rochefoucault, 
Cdlea,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Niort. 
Celles,  t.  Netherlands,  11  m.  N.  E.  Tournay. 
Celles,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  Ramorantin. 
Celorico,  t.  Portugal,  9  m.  N.  W.  Guarda. 
Cenchrea,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Corinth. 
Ceneda,  (an.  Acedum,)  t.   Venetian  territorjt, 
10  m.  S.  Belluno. 

Cenia,  r.  Spain,  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Peniscola. 

Cenit  Mount,  a  high  mountain  of  the  Alps,  in 
Savoy,  between  Turin  and  Chamberry,  at  an 
equal  distance  from  both.  Across  this  mountain 
is  one  of  the  most  im[X)rtant  passes  of  the  Alps, 
opening  a  communication  between  Savoy  aiid 
Piedmont. 

Ccnis,  or  Mont  Cents,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  Au- 
tun. 

Centale,  v.  Piedmont,  5  m.  N.  W.  Coni. 
Centellas,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10  m.  S.  Vi- 
que. 

Centinel,  Great  and  Little,  islands  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal.     Lon.  92°  30'  E.  Lat.  11°  33'  N. 

Cento,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  13  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Bolo^rna. 

Centorbi,  (an.  Centuripa,)  t.  Sicily,  29  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Catania. 

Centre,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Lycoming  co.  E. 
by  Northumberland  co.  S.  by  Mifflin  and  Hunting- 
don counties,  and  W.  by  Clearfield  co.  Pop.  10,681. 
Chief  t.  Bellefonte. 

Centre,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  742. 
Centre,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  777, 
Centre,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,590. 
Centre,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 
Centre-furnace,  p-v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 
Centre-harbor,  p-t,  Stratford  co.  N.  H.  at  the 
end  of  lake  Winnipiseogee,  30  m.  N.  Concord. 
Pop.  349. 

Centreville,  p-v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
Centreville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
12  m.  S.  Chestertown ;  at  the  head  of  Corsica 
creek,  which  flows  into  Chester  river.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  house 
of  public  worship  for  Metliodists,  and  an  acad- 
emy. 

Centreville,  p-v.  Fairfax  co.  Va. 
Centreville,  p-v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 
Centreville,  p-t.  Livingston  co.  Ken.    Here  is  an 
academv. 


C  E  R 

Cmtrevilk,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Lancaster,  14  S.  E.  Columbus. 

Centreville,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S. 
Dayton. 

Centrevilky  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
470. 

Centreville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Indiana. 

Cephalonia,  the  largest  of  the  islands  forming 
the  Ionian  republic,  is  in  the  Mediterranean,  N.  of 
Zante.  It  is  40  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  20 
broad.  The  soil  is  of  great  natural  fertility.  The 
principal  productions  are  raisins,  currants,  oil, 
wine  (particularly  tlie  kind  called  muscadel), 
citrons,  melons,  pomegranates,  and  cotton.  The 
principal  manufacture  is  coarse  cotton  cloth.  The 
inhabitants  own  about  250  small  merchant  ves- 
sels, which  trade  to  the  Levant,  Apulia,  and  oth- 
er districts  bordering  on  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Ar- 
gostoti,  the  chief  town,  has  one  of  the  best  har- 
bors in  the  Mediterranean.  The  imports  consist 
chiefly  of  corn,  woollen  cloths,  linen,  sugar,  and 
hardware.  Pop.  60,000,  mostly  Greeks.  Lon. 
20°  40'  to  21°  18'  E.  Lat.  38°  to  38°  28'  N. 

Cephalonia,  t.  on  the  island  of  Cephalonia.  Lon. 
20°  59'  E.  Lat.  38°  20'  N. 

Cephisia,  or  Kephsa,  t.  Greece,  on  the  Ce- 
phissus. 

Cepita,  t.  Peru,  60  m.  N.  W.  La  Paz. 

Ceram,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  about  160  miles 
long,  and  40  broad.  The  clove  tree  formerly 
flourished  here  ;  but  through  the  influence  of  the 
Dutch  it  has  been  extirpated.  Lon.  128°  to  131° 
E.  Lat  3°  48' to  3°  33' S. 

Ceram,  v.  Java,  56  m.  W.  Batavia. 

Cerboli,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Tuscany.  Lon.  9° 
35' E.  Lat.  42°  51' N. 

Cercado,  province,  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  by 
Chancay,  N.  E,  by  Guarochini,  S.  by  Canete,  and 
W.  by  the  Pacific, 

Cerdoriy  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  Bourgen  Bresse. 

Cerence,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  Coutances. 

Cerem,  t  France,  10  m.  S.  Le  Mans. 

Cerensa,  t.  Naples,  30  m.  E.  Cosenza. 

Ceret,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  W.  Perpignan. 

Cerf,  Isle  au,  small  isl.  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  river  des  Prairies. 

Cerignola,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  28  m. 
6.  E.  Manfredonia.  Lon.  15°  56'  E.  Lat.  41°  13' 
N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Cerigo,  or  Cherigo,  (an.  Cythera,)  one  of  the 
seven  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  com- 
pose the  Ionian  repubhc.  It  lies  S.  of  the  Morea, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait.  It 
is  17  miles  long,  and  10  broad  ;  and  is,  in  general, 
arid,  and  little  cultivated.  There  are  raised, 
however,  small  quantities  of  corn,  wine,  oil,  flax, 
and  cotton.  Pop.  10,000.  Cerigo,  the  chief 
town,  is  a  small  place,  near  the  S.  coast.  Lon. 
22°  57'  E.  Lat.  36°  10'  N. 

Cerigotio,  (an.  Egitia,)  islet  in  the  Ionian  sea, 
midway  between  Cerigo  and  Candia. 

Cerino,  s-p.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Cyprus,  situated  in  a  fertile  district,  which  a- 
bounds  in  grain  and  cotton,  and  olive,  mulberry, 
fig,  and  other  fruit  trees.  Lon.  35°  35'  E.  Lat. 
35°  30'  N. 

Cerisay,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Chatillon  sur 
Serre. 

Cerisola,  v.  Piedmont,  5  m.  E.  Carmagnola. 

Cerisy,  t.  France,  8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Coutances  ;  one 
7  m.  N.  E.  St.  Lo. 

Cema,  r.  Piedmont,  runs  into  the  Sesia,  3  m. 
N.  W.  VerceUi. 


C  E  Y 


166 


Cerruty,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.  E.  Befbrt. . 

Cerne,  or  Ceme  Abbas,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorset,  7  m. 
N.  Dorchester. 

Cernely,  v.  Switzerland,  24  m.  S.  E.  Coire. 

Cernobio.  (an.  CcEnobium,)  t.  Lombardy,  in 
Milan,  on  the  lake  of  Como,  near  the  town  of 
Como. 

Cerny,  t.  France,  7  m.  E.  Estarapes. 

Cerrito,  t.  Naples,  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Benevento. 

Cerro  do  Frio,  or  the  Cold  Mountains,  a  district 
of  the  province  of  Minas  Geraes,  in  Brazil,  chiefly 
remarkable  for  ita  diamond  mines. 

Cerros,  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Cali- 
fornia.    Lat.  28°  8'  N. 

Certaldo,  t.  Tuscany,  in  the  Siennese. 

Cervaro,  t.  Naples,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Policastro. 

Cervera,  t,  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  30  m.  N.  Tarra- 
gona; one,  7  m.  fr.  Talavera;  one,  10  m.  N.  Ro- 
sas ;  one,  50  m.  E.  N.  E.  Leon;  one,  15  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Calahorra. 

Cervera,  Cape,  Spain,  in  lon.  3°  3'  E.  and  lat. 
42°  26'  N. ;  another,  in  lon.  0°  46'  W.aud  lat.  37® 
38' N. 

Cervia,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Ravenna. 

Cervin,  Mont,  mountain,  Switzerland,  near 
Mont  Blanc.  It  is  13,845  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea. 

Cervini  Isles,  in  the  Adriatic,  belonging  to 
Austria. 

Cervon,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  E.  Clamecy. 

Cesara,  r.  New  Granada,  falls  into  the  Magda- 
lena,  in  lat.  8°  46'  N. 

Cesarea.     See  Casarea. 

Cesarea  Creek.     See  Cohanzy. 

Cesena,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  18  m.  S.  Ra- 
venna. 

Cesenatico,  s-p.  States  of  the  Church,  on  the 
gulf  of  Venice,  16  m.  S.  E.  Ravenna. 

Cesi,  t.  States  of  tlic  Cliurch,  6  m.  N.  Narni. 

Cessenon,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Beziers. 

Cestos.     See  Sestos. 

Cesy,  t.  Palestine,  6  m.  S.  Saphet. 

Cetina,  r.  Dalmatia,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Ve- 
nice. 

Cetina,  t.  Dalmatia,  30  m.  N.  E.  Spalatro. 

Ceton,  t.  France,  30  m.  E.  S.  E.  Alencon. 

Cetraro,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  21  m.  N. 
N.  Vi.  Cosenza. 

Cette,  or  Sette,  s-p.  France,  18  m.  S.  W.  Mont- 
pellier.  Lon.  3°  41'  5"  E.  Lat.  43°  23'  37"  N. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Ceva,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Tanaro,  40  m.  W., 
Genoa.    Lon.  8'^  15'  E.  Lat.  44°  23'  N. 

Cevennes.     See  Sevennes, 

Cevio,  t.  Switzerland,  10  m.  N.  Locarno. 

Ceuta,  s-p.  and  fort,  Morocco,  opposite  Gibral- 
tar.    Lon.  5°  11'  W.  Lat.  35®  38'  N. 

Ceylon,  a  large  island  in  the  Indian  sea,  sepa- 
rated from  the  coast  of  Coromandel  by  a  channel, 
called  the  Straits  of  Manaar.  Its  general  outline 
resembles  the  shape  of  a  pear ;  its  extreme  length 
is  about  300  miles,  and  its  breadth  140.  This 
island  is  named  Cingala  by  the  natives,  who 
are  thence  denominated  Cingalese.  The  cli- 
mate, in  some  parts,  is  hot  and  oppressive; 
in  others,  more  temperate  and  salubrious. — 
The  interior  has  a  climate  very  destructive  to 
Europeans.  Great  variety  of  minerals  are 
found  here,  as  tin,  lead,  iron  in  abundance, 
and  quicksilver.  Precious  stones  are  proba- 
bly more  numerous  and  diversified  than  in  any 
other  part  of  the  world.    The  most  extensive 


lee 


c  H  A 


pearl  fishery  on  the  globe  is  carried  on  in  the 
straits  of  Manaar,  on  the  N.  W.  coast.  The  fi- 
nest fruits  grow  on  the  island.  Oranges,  lemons, 
water  melons,  and  cocoa-nuts,  are  plentiful,  as 
also  pepper,  coffee,  and  a  species  of  the  tea  tree  ; 
but  the  most  valuable  of  all  the  Ceylonese  plants 
is  the  cinnamon  tree,  the  principal  plantations  of 
which  lie  near  Columbo.  Snakes  of  an  enormous 
size,  and  some,  of  the  most  venemous  species,  are 
found  on  the  island.  The  elephants  of  Ceylon 
are  highly  celebrated  for  strengtli  and  sagacity. 
The  inhabitants  seem  to  be  of  three  distinct  races, 
the  Veddahs  or  Beddahs,  the  native  Cingalese,  and 
the  offspring  of  foreigners  by  alliances  with  the 
natives.  Of  the  first,  very  little  is  known  more 
than  that  they  are  a  very  wild  people,  subsisting 
chiefly  by  hunting  and  the  spontaneous  produce 
of  the  woods.  The  Cingalese  have  a  language, 
and  use  characters  peculiar  to  themselves. 

The  religion  of  Ceylon  is  the  worship  of  Boodh. 
The  number  of  native  Protestants  is  about  150,000, 
and  of  Roman  Catholics  30,000.  Formerly  the 
number  was  much  greater,  but  of  late  multitudes 
have  relapsed  into  idolatry. 

This  island  was  visited  by  the  Portuguese  in  1305, 
who  maintained  their  superiority  here  during  133 
years,  when  they  were  expelled  by  the  Dutch. 
The  Dutch  settlements  were  captured  by  the 
British  in  1796,  and  the  conquest  of  the  island  was 
completed  in  1815,  by  the  subjection  of  the  king 
of  Candy.  See  Candy.  It  is  now  constituted  into 
one  of  the  British  governments  of  India.  Pop. 
1,500,000. 

In  1816,  the  American  Board  of  Commission- 
ers for  Foreign  Missions  established  a  Mission  in 
the  district  of  Jaffna,  in  the  northern  part  of  tlie 
island.  In  1820,  it  consisted  of  6  ordained  mis- 
sionaries, a  physician,  and  a  printer.  It  occupies 
two  principal  stations,  Tillipally  and  Batticotta, 
and  has  especially  assigned  to  it  six  large  parishes, 
with  ancient  buildings  and  lands  devoted  to  reli- 
gious use,and  containing  a  dense  pagan  population. 
It  is  advantageously  situated  for  communication 
with  the  difl'erent  parts  of  the  island,  and  with  tlie 
populous  province  of  Southern  India,  and  for  ex- 
tensive and  efficient  operations. 

The  missionaries,  besides  preaching  the  Gos- 
pel, have  established  15  free  schools,  in  which 
Hbout  700  children  are  instructed  in  the  common 
branches  of  education,  and  the  principles  of 
Christianity.  In  addition  to  the  free  schools, 
there  is,  at  each  station,  a  boarding  school,  consist- 
ing of  youths  taken  under  the  parental  care  of  the 
missionaries,  supported  by  the  bounty  of  benevo- 
lent societies  and  individuals  in  America,  and 
bearing  names  selected  b)'  the  respective  donors. 
In  1819,  the  number  of  pupils  in  the  boarding 
schools  was  48  males  and  9  females.  In  no  part  of 
the  heathen  world,  probably,  can  children  be  sup- 
ported and  educated  so  cheaply,  as  in  this  part  of 
Ceylon.  The  small  sum  of  12  dollars  is  consid- 
ered sufficient  for  the  entire  support  of  one  boy, 
and  boys  can  be  obtained  by  the  missionaries,  to 
the  extent  of  the  funds  with  which  they  may  be 
furnished. 

C'ezimbra,  s-p.  Portugal,  10  m.  W.  Setuval. 

Cesy,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  W.  Joigny. 

Chabaquiddick,  isl.  Mass.  off  the  E.  end  of  Mar- 
tha's vineyard. 

Chabeuil,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  E.  Valence. 

Chablais,  a  province  of  Savoy,  with  the  title  of 
duchy,  extending  along  the  ^uthern  bank  of  the 


C  H  A 

lake  of  Geneva,  as  far  as  the  Valais  to  the  east; 
on  the  west  it  is  bounded  by  the  territory  of  Ge* 
neva. 

Chablisy  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  Auxerre. 

Chabris,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  Romorantin. 

Chacao,  port,  in  the  island  of  Chiloe,  S.  Amer- 
ica, on  the  narrow  channel  between  the  island 
and  the  main  land.     Lat.  42,°  10'  S. 

Chacewater,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  5  m.  W, 
Truro. 

Chachapoias,  province,  Peru,  bounded  E.  by  the 
eastern  ridges  of  the  Andes,  N.  W.  by  Luya  and 
Chillaos,  and  W.  by  Caxamarca. 

Chackloole  Bay,  N.  VV.  coast  of  America,  S.  of 
Norton  sound,  between  Cape  Denbigh  and  Besbo- 
rough  island. 

Chacky,  or  Fort  Hastings,  fortified  t.  Hind,  in 
Bahar.    Lon.  86°  25'  E.  Lat.  24°  33'  N. 

Chaco,  an  extensive  country  of  S.  America, 
included  within  the  limits  of  the  viceroyalty  of 
Buenos  Ayres;  bounded  N.  by  the  country  of  the 
Chiquitos  Indians  ;  E.  by  the  Paraguay ;  S .  and 
W.  by  the  Spanish  provinces  of  the  viceroyalty. 
It  is  750  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  450  broad  ; 
and  consists  of  one  immense  plain,  watered  by  the 
rivers  Pilcomayo,  Vermejo,  and  Salado.  This 
country  is  inhabited  by  uncivilized  Indians,  whom 
all  the  efforts  of  the  Spanish  missionaries  have 
failed  to  reclaim  from  barbarity. 

Chaclaws.     See  Choctaws. 

Cliadenar,  t.  France,  4  m.  fr.  Pons. 

ChaMerton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  from 
Man  Chester.     Pop.  4, 1 3^. 

Chxronea.     See  Caprmiu. 

Chagaing,  city,  of  the  Birman  empire,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  opposite  Ava. 
Lon.  96°  E.  Lat.  21°  54' N. 

Chagford.     See  Chegford. 

Chagny,  t.  France,  i  1  m.  N.  by  W,  Chalons-suJ' 
Saone. 

Chagre,  a  navigable  river,  of  S.  America,  in 
the  province  of  Panama,  which  falls  into  the 
ocean,  30  m.  W.  S.  W.  Portobello,  in  lat.  9°  18'  N. 
Lon.  80°  16'  W.  It  is  navigable  for  large  barks 
as  far  as  Cruces,  where  there  is  a  wharf  for  un- 
loading, and  where  the  royal  custom-house  is  eg- 
tablished.  The  greater  part  of  the  cominerce 
between  Portobello  and  Panama,  is  conducted  by 
this  river. 

Chagrine,  r,  Ohio,  runs  into  lake  Erie,  N.  E.  of 
Cleveland. 

Clmgrine,  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  on  lake 
Erie. 

Chahaignes,  t.  France,  5  m.  N,  E.  Chateau-^u- 
Loir. 

Chaia,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Obc. 

Chaibar,  strong  t.  Arabia,  152  m.  N.  E.  Medina, 

Chaillac,  t,  France,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Argenton. 

Chailland,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  Laval. 

Chailland,  t.  Langucdoc,  13  m.  N.  W.  Privas. 

Chaille  les  Marais,  t.  France,  11  m.  S.  W,  Fon- 
tenay  le  Comte. 

Chailles  saus  les  Ormeaux,  t.  France,  10  m.  E. 
Sable. 

Chaillevette,  t.  France,  5  m.  S.  Marennes. 

Chaingy,  t.  France,  5  m.  W.  Orleans.  "* 

Chain  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  145°  50'  W, 
Lat.  17°  23'  S. 

Chain-Shot  Island,  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon. 
76°  35'  W.  Lat.  34°  55'  S. 

Chaise  Dieu,  La,  t.  France,  12  m.  E.  Brionde. 

Chalabre,  t.  France,  14  m,  S.  W.  Limoux. 


C  H  A 

CJhalais,  t.  France,  5  m.  W.  Aubeterre. 

Chalamont,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  Bourg-en- 
Bresse. 

Chalaimz,  or  Jahalawar,  a  district  of  Hind,  in 
the  province  of  Gujerat. 

Chalco,  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  S.  E.  Mexico. 

Chaldea,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Asia,  be- 
tween 30°  and  35^^  N.  lat.  and  45°  and  49°  E.  Ion. 
In  its  largest  sense,  it  was  bounded  E.  by  the  Ti- 
gris, N.  by  Mesopotamia,  W.  by  Arabia  Deserta, 
S.  by  the  Persian  gulf  and  Arabia-Felix.  Ur  and 
Carchemish  were  among  its  cities. 

Clialeurs-Bay,  a  large  bay  between  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Lower  Canada,  communicating  with  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Chalgrove  Field,  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire. 

Chaligjiy,  t.  France,  5  m.  S.  W.  Nancy. 

Chalin,  r.  Russia,  flows  into  the  Karskoi  sea. 
Lon.71°14'E.     Lat.  73°  5' N. 

Chalk  level,  p-v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 

Chalin,  t.  France,  15  m.  W.  Angers. 

Chalmers,  Port,  Montague  island,  in  Prince 
William's  sound.  Lon.  213°  22'  E.  Lat.  60° 
16' N. 

Chalo,  r.  Asia,  rises  near  Lassa,  and  empties 
into  the  gulf  of  Cochin  China,  opposite  the  isl- 
and of  Hainan. 

Chalonne,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Angers.     Pop.  5,000. 

Chalons,  t.  France,  on  the  Marne,  cap.  of  Marne. 
There  are  here  woollen  manufactures  and  tanne- 
ries. The  principal  objects  of  trade  are  corn  and 
wine  ;  25  m.  S.  E.  Rheims,  103  E.  Paris.  Lon.  4° 
22' E.     Lat.  48°  57' 16"  N.     Pop.  11,000. 

Chalons,  t.  France,  on  the  Saone.  It  is  the  see 
»f  a  bishop;  170  m.  N.  Lyons,  214  S.  E.Paris. 
Lon.  4°  51'  8"  E.  Lat.  46°  46'  53"  N.  Pop.  9,000. 

Chaloo,  V.  Thibet.  Lon.  89°  15'  E.  Lat.  28° 
18' N. 

Chains,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  W.  Limoges. 

Cham,  t.  Bavaria,  24  m.  N.  E.  Ratisbon. 

Cham,  or  Kahm,  v.  Switzerland,  7  m.  S.  Zug. 

Chamqh,  t.  Gold  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  5"^  5'  N. 

ChambaJi,  district  Hind,  in  Lahore,  about  33° 
N.  lat.  Chambah,  the  cap.  is  110  m.  N.  E.  La- 
hore. 

Chambave,  t.  Piedmont,  51  m.  S.  E.  Aosta. 

Chamberri,  t.  cap.  ofthe  duchy  of  Savoy,  is  situ- 
ated in  a  fruitful  valley  at  the  conflux  of  the  L'- 
Aisse  and  D' Albans,  35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Geneva,  55  E. 
Lyons.  Lon.  5°  55'  E.  Lat.  45°  34'  N.  Pop. 
11,670. 

Chambersburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  on 
Conococheaque  creek ;  46  m.  S.  W.  Harrisburg, 
143  W.  Philadelphia,  30  S.  W.  Carlisle,  76  N.  W. 
Baltimore.  Lon.  77°  32'  W.  Lat.  39°  57'  N. 
Pop.  in  1818,  2,304.  The  situation  is  healthy, 
and  the  surrounding  country  rich  and  highly  cul- 
tivated. It  contains  a  courthouse  and  jail,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  and  7  houses  of  public  worship.  The 
town  is  built  principally  on  two  large  streets,  in- 
tersecting each  other  at  right  angles,  and  leaving 
a  public  square  in  the  centre.  On  the  creek  there 
are  several  mills  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. 

Chamberlin,  v.  France,  6  m.  S.  Dijon. 

Chambly  or  Chamblis,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Beaumont  sur  Oise. 

Chambly,  seignory,  in  Kent  and  Bedford  cos. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  river  Sorelle,  12  m.  E.  Mon- 
treal. Here  is  a  fort,  and  a  village  of  about  100 
houses. 

Chambly  Ricp:    See  Sorelk. 


e  H  A 


16t 


Chambon,  t.  France,  3  m.  W.  Evaux ;  one,  6 
S.  W.  St.  Etienne. 

Chambord,  v.  France,  in  Loir  and  Cher,  10  m. 
E.  Blois.     Lon.  1°  30'  E.     Lat.  47°  37'  N. 

Chambre,  La,  t.  Savoy,  5  m.  N.  W.  St.  Jean  de 
Maurienne. 

Chambrois,  t.  Normandy,  5  m.  W.  Bernay. 

Chamelel,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Villefranche. 

Chambouni,  or  Chamoix,  v.  Savoy,  42  m.  S.  E. 
Geneva. 

Champagnac,  t.  France,  5  m.  E.  S.  E.  Roche- 
Chouart ;  one,  5  m.  N.  E.  Mauriac. 

Champagne,  formerly  a  province  in  the  E.  of 
France.  'The  chief  products  are  corn,  and  tlie 
famous  wine,  called  Champagne ;  and  the  pastur- 
age in  some  places  is  excellent.  It  now  forms  the 
whole  of  the  departments  of  the  Ardennes,  the 
Marne,  the  Upper  Marne,  and  the  Aube,  and  the 
greater  part  of  those  of  the  Yonne  and  the  Seine- 
and-Mame. 

Champagne,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  E.  Lucon  ;  one, 
12  m.  N,  W.  Le  Mans  ;  one,  10  m.  N.  Belley ; 
one,  10  m.  N.  Riberac. 

Champagne  Mouton,  t.  France,  14  m.  W.  Con- 
folens. 

Champagnole,  t.  France,  14  m.  S.  E.  Poligny. 

Champagny''s  Archipelago,  islands  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  New  Holland. 

Champah,  the  name  of  a  pass  through  the  moun- 
tains, between  Bahar  and  Bengal,  in  Hind.  Lon. 
85°20'E.    Lat.  24°  30' N. 

Champaign,  co.  Ohio,  on  Mad  river,  a  branch 
of  the  Miami.  Pop.  in  1815,  10,485.  Chief  town, 
Urbanna. 

Champaneer,  district.  Hind,  bounded  N.  by  Go- 
dra,  E.  by  the  territories  of  the  Mahratta,  S.  by 
Narbudda  river,  and  W.  by  Baroach.  CJiampa- 
neer,  the  cap.  is  in  lon.  73°  37'  E.  lat.  22°  31' 
N. 

Champdeniers,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Niort. 

C/utmpenieres,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  E.  Angou- 
leme. 

Champeon,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  E.  Mayenne. 

Champigny  sur  Fende,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  Chi- 
non. 

Champion,  p-t.  JefTerson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river,  at  the  head  of  the  Long  falls  ;  52  m.  N. 
Rome,  161  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop,  1,471. 

Champion,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  War- 
ren. 

Champion,  the  principal  v.  in  Paincsvillc, 
Ohio. 

Champlain,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Clinton  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Lake  Champlain,  15  m.  N.  Plattsburg. 
185  fr.  Albany.  Pop.  1,210.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Chazy,  and  contains  numerous  mills. 

Champlain,  Lake,  between  New- York  and  Ver- 
mont. Its  whole  length  from  Whitehall,  at  it? 
southern  extremity,  to  its  termination,  24  milos 
N.  ofthe  Canada  line,  is  128  miles  ;  its  bi-eadth 
varies  from  half  a  mile  to  16  miles.  Its  surface 
covers  about  600  square  miles.  The  principal 
streams  which  flow  into  it  from  the  east,  are  the 
Missisque,  Lamoil,  Onion,  and  Otter  creek ;  those 
from  the  west  are  the  Chazy,  Saranac,  Sable,  the 
waters  of  Lake  George,  and  Wood  Creek.  The 
whole  extent  of  country  drained  by  these  water?, 
is  between  6  and  7,000  sq.  miles.  There  are  sev- 
eral large  islands  in  the  northern  part  ofthe  lake, 
the  principal  of  which  are,  North  and  South  He- 
ro, and  Isle  Lamotte.  The  outlet  of  the  lake  i? 
the  river  Sorelle^  which  runs  N.  into  the  St,  Law- 


168 


C  H  A 


rence.  About  800  tons  of  shipping  are  employed 
on  the  lake,  owned  principally  at  Burlin^on,  and 
in  the  summer  season  a  steamboat  plies  from 
Whitehall  to  St.  John's  through  its  whole  length. 
A  battle  was  fought  on  tliis  lake  on  the  11th  of 
Sept.  1P>14,  in  which  the  American  fleet,  under 
Commodore  Macdonough,  gained  a  complete  vic- 
tory over  the  British. 

Chrimplitle,  t.  France,  27  m.  W.  Vesoul. 

Champos,  t.  France,  17  m.  N.  E.  Mauriac. 

Chamusca,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  9  m.  E. 
Santareno. 

Chamuti,  r.  Naples,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Gierace. 

Chanac,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  W.  Mende. 

Chanamiinimuns,  Indians,  Columbia-river  coun- 
try, on  the  S.  W.  side  of  Wappatoo  island.  No.  280. 

Ckanca,  r.  falls  into  the  Guadiana  between 
Portugal  and  Andalusia. 

Chancay,  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  by 
Santa,  N.  E.  and  N.  by  Caxatambo,  E.  by  Canta, 
and  S.  by  Cereado.  Chancay,  the  cap.  is  45  m. 
N.  W.  Lima. 

Chanceaux,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.  W.  Dijon. 

Chanceford,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Conos- 
togo  creek.     Pop.  966. 

Chanreford,  {Lower)  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  818. 

Chancdade,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  W.  Perigueux. 

Chandail,  district,  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  between 
24°  and  25°  N.  lat. 

Chandanee,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Chan- 
danee,  the  cap.  is  in  lat.  33°  24'  N.  Ion.  74°  41' 
E. 

Chandekur  Islands,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
the  coast  of  W.  Florida.  Lon.  88°  48'  to  88°  58' 
W.     Lat.  29°  30'  to  29°  45'  N. 

Chandercoona,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal.  Lon.  87° 
38'  E.     Lat.  22°  44'  N. 

Chandergheri,  t.  Hind.  15  m.  S.  Mangalore. 

ChandergvMge,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal.  Lon.  91° 
20' E.     Lat.  22°  55' N. 

Ckandemagore,  or  Fransdunga,  the  principal 
settlement  of  the  French  in  Bengal.  It  is  on  the 
W.  banks  of  the  Hoogly,  21  m.  above  Calcutta, 
in  lat.  22°  49'  N.  lon.  88°  26'  E. 

Chandgberry,  t.  and  district  of  Hind.  72  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Madras. 

Chandgherry,  t.  Hind.  108  m.  N.  N.  W.  Serin- 
gapatam. 

Clmndhrsville.     See  Jonesborough. 

Chandor,  t.  Hind.  80  m.  N.  W.  Aurungabad. 

Chandra-Gupti,  t.  and  fort  of  Hind.  Lon.  75°  8' 
E.    Lat.  14°  23' N. 

Chandree,  district  and  t.  Hind,  in  Malwa.  The 
town  contains  about  14,000  houses,  and  is  on  the 
river  Betwali,  in  lon.  78°  43'  E.  lat.  24°  48'  N. 

Changamah,  t.  Hind.  100  ro.  S.  W.  Madras. 

Changapravg,  t.  Thibet.  Lon.  86°  62' E.  Lat. 
31°  6'  N. 

Change,  t.  France,  3  m.  S.  E.  Le  Mans ;  one,  3 
m.  N.  Laval. 

Chang-tong,  a  province  of  China,  bounded  W. 
and  N.  by  the  province  of  Pe-tche-li,  S.  byKiang- 
nan,  E.  by  the  Eastern  sea,  and  N.  E.  by  the  gulf 
of  Pe-tche-li.  Pop.  24,000,000.  Lat.  34°  30'  to 
38°  N. 

Changy,  t.  France,  11  m.  N.  W.  Roanne. 

Chanmanning,  t.  Thibet,  116  m.  VV.  Lassa. 
Lon.  89°  20'  E.     Lat.  30°  54'  N. 

Channel,  English,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean  which  divides  England  from  France. 

Chanonat,  t,  France,  6  ra.  S.  Clermont. 


C  H  A 

Chanonry,  t.  Scotland,  united  with  Rosemar- 
kie,  forms  Fortrose. 

Chan-si,  a  province  of  China,  bounded  E.  by 
Pe-tche-li,  S.  by  Honan,  W.  by  Chen-si,  and  N. 
by  the  great  wall  of  China. 

Chantagir,  r.  Siberia,  run^  into  the  Euesei.  Lat 
51°  50'  N. 

Chant  elk  le  Chateau,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Gannat. 

Chantenay,  t.  France,  15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Le 
Mans. 

Chantilly,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  5  m.  W.  Senlis,  25 
N.Paris.  "Pop. 2,930. 

Chantonnay,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  La  Chataig- 
naraye. 

Chantrigne,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Mayenne. 

Chao-tcheou-fou,  city,  China,  in  the  province  of 
Quang-tong,  or  Canton,  232  m.  fr.  Canton. 

Chaource,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Bar  sur  Seine. 

Chapala,  lake,  Mexico,  54  miles  long,  and  15 
broad,  15  m.  S.  Guadalaxara. 

Chapel  Allerton.     See  AUerton  Chapel. 

Chapel-en-le-Friih,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire.  Pop. 
3,042;  4im.fr.  Buxton. 

Chapel  Hill,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  on  New- 
Hope  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Haw,  a  branch 
of  Cape  Fear  river,  27  m.  W.  Raleigh.  The  situ- 
ation is  very  healthy,  in  a  high  broken  country. 
It  contains  about  30  houses,  besides  the  public 
buildings. 

Chapel  Hill  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  N. 
Carolina,  which  was  incorporated  in  1788,  and 
has  been  liberally  patronized  by  the  State.  The 
donations  of  the  State  consist  of  all  escheated  prop- 
erty, all  real  property  which  accrued  to  the  State 
by  confiscation  during  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
all  debts  due  to  the  State  prior  to  Dec.  Slst,  1800. 
The  trustees  hold  likewise,  by  the  donation  of  in- 
dividuals, 40  or  50,000  acres  of  the  best  arable 
land  in  Tennessee.  Much  valuable  land  is  also 
held  within  the  State  of  North  Carolina.  'The 
income  of  the  stock  in  different  banks  is  sufficient 
to  pay  the  salaries  of  the  President  and  Faculty. 
The  college  buildings  consist  of  a  chapel,  and  2 
spacious  edifices  for  the  accommodation  of  stu- 
dents, all  of  brick,  and  dwelling  houses  for  the 
President  and  Faculty.  The  officers  of  the  col- 
lege in  1819,  were  a  president,  4  professors,  viz. 
one  of  mathematics,  one  of  chemistry,  one  of  lan- 
guages, and  one  of  rhetoric  ;  and  2  tutors.  No.  of 
students  118.  Attached  to  the  college  is  an  acade- 
my, in  which  the  preparatory  sttidies  are  pursued. 

Chapclizod,  v.  Ireland,  2|  m.  W.  Dublin. 

Chapel  Key,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Lon. 
88°  40'  W.    Lat.  18°  N. 

Chapelle  Jignon,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  Ambert. 

Chapelle  d'Angillon,  t.  France,  20  ra.  N.  Bour- 

Chapelle  Aubry,  La,  t.  France,  8  m.  S.  St.  Flo- 
rent. 

Chapelle  Basse,  La,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  E.  Nan- 
tes. 

Chapelle  Blanche,  t.  France,  3  m.  fr.  Bourgueil. 

Chapman's  Bay,  S.  Africa,  between  Table  bay 
and  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Chaptico,  p-t.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 

Char,  r.  Eng.  empties  at  Charmouth. 

Charabaun.     See  Cheribon. 

Charadra,  (an.  Charadrus)  r.  Greece,  traverses 
the  plain  of  Marathon,  and  falls  into  the  sea. 

Charak,  (an.  Seroff)  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  on 
the  Persian  gulf. 

Charancy,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Longway. 


C  H  A 

C/iarapoio,  t.  Quito,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Monte 
Christo. 

Charasm,     See  Kharasm. 
Charafan,  2  rivers,  Howard  co.  Missouri,  which 
empty  into  the  Missouri  from  the  N.  E. ;  one,  nav- 
igable 50,  and  one,  100  miles. 

Ckarcas,  or  Chityanta,  a  province  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  the  Viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded 
N.  by  Cochabamba,  E.  by  Mizque,  S.  by  Potosi, 
and  W.  by  the  Andes  The  name  Charcas,  or 
audience  of  Charcas,  was  formerly  applied  to  a 
much  more  extensive  territory,  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Chard,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  15  m.  S.  Taunton. 
Chardon,  p-t,  and  cap.  Geau^^a  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 
S.  E.  from  the  mouth  of  Grand  river,  160  N.  E. 
Columbus. 

Charedsch.     See  Karak. 

Charentcy  (Carantonus)  a  large  r.  of  France, 
rises  in  Upper  Vienne,  and  after  a  course  of  100 
miles,  falls  into  the  sea,  about  8  m,  below  Roche- 
fort,  opposite  the  island  of  Oleron.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  vessels  to  Rochefort. 

Charente,  La,  a  department  of  France,  border- 
ed by  Lower  Charente,  Deux,  Sevres,  Vienne,  Up- 
per Vienne,  and  Dordogne.  Pop.  327,000.  Extent, 
2,240  sq.  miles.  It  is  divided  into  the  five  arron- 
dissements  of  Angouleme  (the  capital,)  Cognac, 
Barbezieux,  Confolens,  and  Ruffee. 

Charente,  the  Lower,  or  La  Charente  Inferieu- 
re,  a  department  of  France,  inclosed  by  the  Atlan- 
tic and  the  departments  of  Gironde,  Dordogne, 
Charente,  Deux  Sevres,  and  La  Vendee.  Sq.  miles 
2,800.     Pop.  393,000. 

Charenton,  t.  France,  4  m.  S.  E.  Paris. 
Cfiarette,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Missouri,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Missouri,  40  m.  above  St.  Charles. 
Charia,  or  St.  Jldrian  v.  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
7  m,  N.  W.  Argos. 

Charje,  principal  village  in  the  Elwah,  or 
Great  Oasis  of  Egypt.  Lon.  29°  40'  E.  Lat.  25° 
50'  N. 

Charing,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  7  m.  W.  Ashford. 
Charite,  La,  t.  France,   13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ne- 
vers. 

Chariton,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Missouri,  20  m.  AV,  Franklin. 

Charlcov,  or  Kharkof,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  cap.  of  the 
government  of  Charkov.  It  contains  10  church- 
es, 2  convents,  and  a  university  ;  350  m.  S.  W. 
Moscow,  640  S.  S.  E.  St.  Petersburgh,  Lon,  36° 
26' 32"  E.     Lat.  49°  59' 43"  N.     Pop.  11,000. 

Charkov,  a  government  of  Eu,  Russia,  bounded 
N.  by  Kursk,  E.  by  Voronetz,  S,  by  Ekaterinos- 
lav,  and  W,  by  Pultava  ;  Sq,  miles,  13,000.  Pop, 
800,000. 

Cttarlburg,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxford,  5  m.  W.  Wood- 
atock- 

Charlemont,  t.  Ireland,  8  m,  N.  Armagh. 
Charlemont,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14  m,  W. 
Greenfield,  107  W,  N,  W.  Boston,     Pop,  987, 

Charlemonte,  strong  t,  France,  10  m,  N.  Me- 
zi-^res,  24  S,  W,  Namur,  Lon.  4°  50'  E.  Lat, 
50°  7'  N.     Pop,  4,100, 

Charleroy,  t.  and  fortress  of  Netherlands,  on  the 
Sambre,  10  m,  E,  N,  E.  Mons,  Lon.  4°  32'  E.  Lat. 
50°  26'  N. 

Charles,  co.  on  the  W.  shore  of  Maryland,  be- 
tween Potomac  and  Patuxent  rivers.  Pop. 
20,245.  Slaves,  12,435.  Chief  town,  Port  To- 
bacco. 

Charles,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Labrador.  liOn. 
55°  20'  W,     Lat.  52°  25'  N. 

22 


C  H  A 


16f 


Charles,  Cape,  Va.  the  N.  cape  at  tlie  entrance 
of  Chesapeake  bay.  Lon.  75°  50'  W.  Lat,  37^ 
15'  N, 

Charles  city,  co.  Va,  between  James  river  and 
the  Chickahominy.  Pop,  5,186,  Slaves,  3,023. 
The  court-house,  where  is  a  post-office,  is  35  m. 
S,  E,  Richmond. 

Charles  Fort,  Ireland,  at  the  entrance  of  Kinsale 
harbour. 

Charles  Island,  in  Hudson's  Straits.  Lon.  79*^ 
55'  W.     Lat.  62°  40'  N. 

Charles  Island,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  5  m, 
S.  S.  W.  Fortescue'sbay. 

Charles  river,  Mass.  flows  between  Charlestown 
and  Boston,  and  joins  Mystic  river  in  Boston  har- 
bor. Its  principal  branch  issues  from  a  pond  bor- 
dering on  Hopkinton. 

Cliarleston,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Mohawk,  10  m.  S.  Johnstown,  40  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  5,282.  It  contains  4  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship. 

Charleston,  district,  in  the  Lower  country  of  S. 
C.  between  Santee  and  Combahee  rivers.  Pop. 
38,468.     Slaves,  11,671. 

Charleston,  city  and  s-p.  in  Charleston  district, 
S.  Carolina,  113  ra.  N.  E.  Savannah,  113  S.  S.  E. 
Columbia,  165  E.  S.  E.  Augusta,  544  S.  S.  W. 
Washington.  Lon.  79°  54'  Vf.  Lat.  32°  47'  N. 
Pop.  in  1790,  16,359;  in  1800,  18,712;  in  1810, 
24,711 ;  of  whom  11,668  were  whites,  and  13,043 
blacks. 

It  is  built  on  the  tongue  of  land  between  the 
rivers  Ashley  and  Cooper,  Avhich  unite  immedi- 
ately below  the  city,  and  form  a  spacious  and  con- 
venient harbor,  communicating  with  the  ocean 
at  Sullivan's  island,  7  miles  S.  E.  of  the  city.  The 
harbor  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth,  through  which  are 
two  channels  for  sea  vessels  ;  the  deepest  has  16 
feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  The  harbor  is  defended 
by  fort  Moultrie,  on  Sullivan's  island,  and  forts 
Pinkney  and  Johnson. — Among  the  public  buil- 
dings are  a  state-house,  city  hall,  a  custom-house, 
theatre,  orphan  house,  hospital,  almshouse,  6 
banks,  and  18  houses  of  public  worship ;  viz.  3 
Episcopalian,  3  Presbyterian,  3  Methodist,  2  In- 
dependent or  Congregational,  1  Lutheran,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  French  Protestant,  1  Friends,  1  Roman 
Catholic,  a  Jew's  synagogue,  and  an  Orphan-house 
church.  The  Orphan  Asylum  has  grown  up  from 
small  beginnings,  to  be  the  most  respectable  es- 
tablishment of  the  kind  on  the  continent.  A  large 
and  handsome  building  has  been  erected,  suffi- 
ciently spacious  to  accommodate  150  children.  A 
chapel  is  connected  with  this  institution,  where 
all  the  christian  clergy  of  the  city  perform  divine 
service  in  rotation.  Among  the  other  charitable 
societies,  are  2  for  the  relief  of  the  widows  and  or- 
phans of  clergymen ;  one  of  which  is  formed  by 
members  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  the  other 
by  those  of  the  Independent  church  ;  each  of  them 
has  large  funds. — The  Library  Society  have  a 
well  chosen  library  of  13,000  volumes,  which  is 
increased  annually  by  an  importation  of  books  to 
the  amount  of  about  300/.  sterling. — The  city  is 
regularly  laid  out  in  parallel  streets,  from  25  to  70 
feet  in  width,  running  from  river  to  river,  and  in- 
tersected by  others  at  right  angles.  The  new 
houses  are  of  brick,  and  many  of  them  are  ele- 
gant. The  commerce  of  Charleston  is  exten- 
sive and  flourishing.  It  imports  the  foreign 
goods  consumed  in  S.  Carolina,  a  considerable 
part  of  N.  Carolina,  and  a  part  of  Georgia,  It  is 
connected  by  a  caoal  2S  iniies  long,  with  Santee 


fi^ 


C  H  A 


river.  In  1816  it  was  the  fifth  town  in  tiie  United 
States,  in  amount  of  shipping,  the  number  of  tons 
being  36,473.  The  city  is  regarded  as  more 
healthy  than  any  part  of  the  low  country  in  the 
Southern  States,  and  during  the  sickly  months  is 
the  resort  of  ricli  planters  from  the  country,  and 
the  West  Indies.  The  citizens  of  Charleston  hare 
ever  been  distinguished  for  polished  manners  and 
unaffected  hospitality. 

Charleston,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  Indiana,  33 
m.  fr.  Madison,  2  fr.  Ohio  river,  and  14  above  the 
falls.     Pop.  about   1,500. 

Charlestown,  v.  Scotland,  14  m.  N.  W.  Edin- 
burgh. 

Charlestoun,  Ji'ew,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine  ;  20 
m.  N.  W.  Bangor. 

Charlcsiotcn,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  41  m.  W.  Concord,  30  m.  S.  Dart- 
mouth college,  80  W.  by  N.  Portsmouth.  Lon. 
72°  19'  W.  Lat.43oi4'  N.  Pop.  1,501.  The 
courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and 
at  Keene.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and 
a  Presbyterian  meeting-house.  The  village  is 
handsomely  built.  There  is  a  bridge  here  across 
the  river. 

Charlestoicn,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  1  m.  N.  of 
Boston.  Pop.  4,959.  The  principal  part  of  the  town 
is  beautifully  situated  on  a  peninsula,  formed  by 
Mystic  and  Charles  rivers,  which  unite  immedi- 
ately below  in  Boston  harbor.  A  bridge  across 
Charles  river  connects  the  town  with  Boston,  and 
two  others  across  Mystic  river,  connect  it  with 
Maiden,  and  with  Chelsea.  There  is  also  a  bridge 
across  a  bay  of  Charles  river,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  town,  connecting  it  with  Cambridge.  The 
public  buildings  are,  the  state  prison,  the  Massa- 
chusetts Insane  hospital,  an  alms-house,  town- 
house,  and  5  houses  for  public  worship,  2  for 
Congregationalists,  1  for  Baptists,  1  for  Universal- 
ists,  and  1  for  Methodists. — A  navy-yard  of  the 
U.  S.  occupies  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  town.  It  con- 
sists of  about  60  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  erect- 
ed a  marine  hospital,  a  spacious  ware-house,  an 
arsenal,  powder  magazine,  and  house  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  superintendant,  all  of  brick  ; 
and  an  immense  wooden  edifice,  under  which  the 
largest  vessels  of  war  are  built.  The  celebrated 
battle  of  "  Breed'' s  hill,''''  commonly,  but  incorrect- 
ly called  "Bunker  Hill  battle,"  was  fought  in 
this  town,  June  17,  1775. 

Charlestown,  p-t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on  the 
sea  coast,  19  m.  S.  W.  Newport.  Pop.  1,174.  Here 
are  the  remains  of  the  once  famous  Narraganset 
tribe  of  Indians.  They  are  reduced  to  about  400 
souls,  who  have  a  Baptist  church  and  a  school. 

Charleslovm,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Schuylkill,  7  m.  above  Norristown. 
Pop.  1,580. 

Charlestoicn,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  20  m.  N.  E. 
Winchester,  8  S.  Shepherdstown,  63  fr.  W^ashing- 
ton. 

Charlestoicn,  t.  Kenhawa  co.  Va.  on  the  Kenha- 
wa,  near  the  mouth  of  Elk  river. 
Charlestoicn,  Va.     See  Wellsburg. 
Charlestoicn,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  at 
the  mouth  of  Laurens'  creek,  6  m.  N.  Washing- 
ton, 60  N.  E.  Lexington.     Pop.  21. 

Charlestoun,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  W.  Ra- 
venna. 

Cliarlestown,  chief  t.  of  the  island  of  Nevis,  in 
the  W.  Indies.     Lon.  62°  40'  W.     Lat.  17°  8'  N. 
Charleville,  t.  France,  on  the  Maese,  iu  Arden- 


C  H  A 

nes.  Here  is  ofie  of  the  5  great  manufactories  of 
arms  in  the  kingdom  ;  10  m.  N.  W.  Sedan,  140  N. 
E.  Paris.  Lon.  4^48' E.  Lat,  49°  47' N.  Pop. 
7,700. 

Charleville,  t.  Ireland,  22  m.  S.  Limerick. 

Charlieu,  t.  France,  11  m  N.  Roanne. 

Charlotte,  co.  New-Brunswick ;  bounded  S.  by 
the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  and 
Passamaquoddy  bay,  which  separate  it  from 
Maine.     Chief  town,  St.  Andrews. 

Charlotte.,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  12  m.  S.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,679. 

Charlotte,  p-v.  in  Gates,  Genessee  co.  N.  Y.  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Genesee. 

Charlotte,  co.  Va.  on  the  head  waters  of  the 
Staunton  river,  S.  W.  of  Richmond.  Pop.  13,161. 
Slaves,  7,597.  Chief  town,  Marysville.  A  post- 
office  is  kept  at  the  court-house. 

Charlotte,  p-t.  and  cap.  Mecklenburghco.  N.C. 
44  m.  S.  Salisbury. 

Charlotte,  p-t.  and  cap.  Dickson  co.  Ten.  about 
30  m.  W.  Nashville. 

Charlotteburg,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C.  on  an  isl- 
and near  the  coast. 

Charlotte  fort,  S.  Cat  the  junction  of  Tugaloo 
and  Broad  rivers,  the  forks  of  Savannah  river. 
Lon.  82°  35'  W.     Lat.  34°  N. 

Charlotte  hall,  p-v.  St.  Msgry's  co.  Md.  55  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Washington. 

Charlotte  River,  E.  Florida,  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.     Lat  27°  N. 

Charlottenburg,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  Middle  Mark 
of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  3  m.  W.  Berlin. 
Pop.  2,350. 

Charlotte'' s  Bay,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia.     Lat.  44°"^  35' N. 

Charlotte's  Town,  t.  Island  of  St.  John,  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  ■ 

Charlottesville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 
86  m.  W.  N.  W.  Richmond,  40  S.  E.  by  E.  Staun- 
ton, about  1  m.  N.  Rivanna  river.  A  college  was 
established  atCliarlottesvilleinl8l7,called  Central 
college.  It  forms  part  of  a  grand  plan  of  education 
recently  adopted  in  the  Stateof  Virginia.  The  buil- 
dings are  not  yet  completed,  but  they  are  said  to 
surpass,  in  elegance  of  design,  and  beauty  of  archi- 
tecture, every  thing  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
See  Virginia. 

Charlottevilley  t.  Norfolk  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
lake  Erie. 

Charlton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Worcester,  60  S.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  2,180. 

Charlton,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  W.  Balls- 
ton,  25  N.  W.  Albany,     Pop.  1,946. 

Charlton  Island,  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  80°  W. 
Lat.  52°  12'  N. 

Charmes,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  Nancy. 
Charmont,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  E.  Vitry. 
Charmouth,  v.  Eng.  in  Dorset^  3  m.  E.  Lyme- 
Regis. 

Chamet,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  Dove. 
Charolles,  t.  France,  21  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bourbon- 
Lancy. 

Charon,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Rochefort. 
Charon,  r.  Up.  Canada,  runs  into  lake  Superior. . 
Lon.  85°  W. 

Charost,  t.  France,  7  m.  N.  E.  Issoudun. 
Charroux,  t.  France,  24  m.  S.  Poitiers ;  one,  S 
m.  N.  W.  Gannat. 

Chartier^s  creek.  Fa.  runs  into  the  Ohio,  from 
the  S.  5  m.  below  Pittsburg.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  Morganza  ia  its  forks. 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


17i 


Charire  mr  le  Loire,  La,  t.  France,  14  m.  S.  by 
W.  St.  Calais. 

Chartres,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Eure  and  Loire.  It 
stands  in  a  fruitful  plain,  on  the  Eure,  which  di- 
cides  it  into  two  parts.  The  cathedral  is  account- 
ed one  of  the  finest  edifices  of  the  kind  in  France. 
38  m.  N.  W.  Orleans,  50  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1^ 
19'  20"  E.  Lat.  48°  26' 54"  N.     Pop.  13,000. 

Chari/hdis,  a  celebrated  whirlpool  in  the  Faro 
di  Messina,  between  the  coasts  of  Calabria  and 
Sicil)',  opposite  the  still  more  formidable  rock  of 
Scylla,  and  6  miles  from  Capo  Bianco. 

Chassair,  or  Kussair,  v.  Morocco,  180  m.  S.  E. 
Fez. 

Chasselay,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  W.  Lyons. 

Cliasseneuil,  t.  France,  6  m.  E.  La  Rochefou- 
cault. 

Chassiron,  Tower  of,  a  light-house  on  the  N. 
point  of  the  island  of  Oleron.  Lon.  1°  21'  42"  W. 
Lat,  46°  2'  1"  N. 

Chastellar,  t.  Savoy,  9  m.  N.  E.  Chamberry. 

Chata-hatch,  a  large  r.  W.  Florida,  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in  St.  Rose's  bay,  by  several 
moutits.  It  is  onlv  navigable  for  canoes.  Lon. 
84°  46'  W.  Lat.  30°  24'  N. 

Chatahoochee,  r.  Geo.  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  and  running  S.  by  Fort  Mitchel,  joins  Flint 
river,  to  form  the  Apalachicola. 

Chatahoofspa,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into  the  Chata- 
hoochee.    Lat.  31°  43'  N. 

Chalaiska,  r.  Siberia,  runs  into  the  Enesei,  156 
m.  N.  Turucharsk. 

Chatanga,  r.  Russia,  runs  into  the  Frozen  sea. 
Lat.  74°  40'  N. 

Cliafauque  lake,  inChatauque  Co.  N.  Y.  18  miles 
long,  and  3  broad.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  a 
navigable  stream,  into  Conewango  creek.  From 
the  N.  W.  corner,  there  is  a  portage  of  9  miles  to 
Dunkiik  on  lake  Erie.  The  French  formerly 
made  use  of  this  communication  between  the 
Lakes  and  Ohio  river. 

Chalauque,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  W.  by  lake 
Erie,  E.  by  Catarangus  co.  S.  by  Pennsylvania, 
and  W.  by  Ohio.  Pop.  2,381.  Chief  town,  Cha- 
tauque. 

Chatauque,  p-t.  and  cap.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
30  m.  S.  W.  Buffalo.    Pop.  1,039. 

Chateau-Arnoux,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  Sisteron. 

Chaleau-Bourg,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  Vitre. 

Chateaubriand,  t.  France,  32  m.  N.  Nantes. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Chateau-Cambresis,  fortified  t.  France,  15  m.  S. 
E.  Cambray.  Lon.  3°  32'  56"  E.  Lat  50°  6'  15" 
N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Chateau-Chalon,  t.  Francs,  5  m.  N.  Lons  le 
Saulnier. 

Cfiateau-Chinon,  X.  France,  30  m.E.  Nevers. 

Chateau-Dauphin,  strong  castle  ,of  Piedmont, 
in  a  pass  leading  into  Dauphiny,  30  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Turin.     Lon.  7°  10'  E.  Lat.  44°  33'  N. 

Chateaudun,  or  Dim  sur  Loire,  ancient  t. 
France,  27  m.  N.  W.  Orleans.  Lon.  1°  25'  E. 
Lat.  48°  4' N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Chateau  Giron,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Rennes. 
Pop.  1,,500. 

Chateau  Gontier,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  on 
the  river  Mayenne,  22  m.  N.  W.  Angers.  Pop. 
5,600. 

Chateaugay,  r.  rises  in  the  state  of  New  York, 
and  runs  into  Lower  Canada,  where  it  falls  into 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  lake  St.  Louis.  A  battle 
•vras  fought  on  the  banks  of  this  river   between 


the  Americans  and  Canadians,  on  the  2Gth  Oct. 
1813. 

Chateaugay,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  13  m. 
S.  W.  Montreal. 

Chateaugay,  p-t  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 
Malone.     Pop.  767. 

Chateaugay,  p-v.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 

Chateau  Landon,  t.  France,  50  m.  S.  Paris. 

Chatcau-lin,  t.  France,  on  the  Auzon,  15  ni.  N. 
Quimper. 

Chateau  du  Loire,  t.  France,  135  m.  S.  W. 
Paris. 

Chateau-MciUant,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Amand. 

Chateau  JVeuf,  t.  France,  in  lUe  and  Vilaine,  7 
m.  S.  St.  Malo ;  one,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  12  m.  E. 
E.  S.  E.  Mareigny ;  one,  in  Cote  d' Or,  17  m.  S. 
W.Dijon;  one,  in  Upper  Vienne,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Limoges  ;  one,  in  Var,  60  m.  N.  E.  Toulon ;  one, 
1 8  m.  N.  Nevers ;  one,  7  ra.  N.  Avignon  ;  one,  on 
the  Charente,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Angouleme ;  one, 
in  Cher,  12  m.  N.  W.  St.  Amand  ;  one,  in  Finis- 
terre,  12  m.  E.  Chateau-Lin  ;  one,  on  the  Loire, 
12  m.  E.  Orleans ;  one,  9  m.  N.  Avignon ;  one,  in 
Lozere,  12  m.  N.  E.  Mende;  one,  on  the  Rhone, 
opposite  Viviers ;  one,  on  the  Sarthe,  in  lon.  0° 
25'  W,  Lat.  47°  41'  N. ;  one,  in  Eure-and-Loire, 
50  m.  W.  S.  W.  Paris. 

Chateau  Poinsac,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.  Limoges. 

Chateau  Portien,  t  France,  25  m.  S.  W.  Me- 
zieres. 

Chateau  Renard,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  E.  Taras- 
con ;  one,  8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Montargis ;  one,  18  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Tours;  one,  10  m.  N.  W.  Sedan. 

Chatcauraix,  t.  France,  on  the  Indre,  cap.  of 
Indre.  Here  is  a  considerable  woollen  manufacto- 
ry. Pop.  8,420.  150  ra.  S.  W.  Pai-is.  Lon.  1^ 
50' E.  Lat.  46°  48' 45"  N. 

Chateau-Salins,  t.  France,  13  m.  N.  E.  Nancy. 

Chateau  Thierry,  t.  France,  on  the  Marne,  in 
Aisne.  Pop.  4,080.  38  m.  S.  W.  Laon,  55  N.  W. 
Paris.     Lon.  3°  29'  E.  Lat.  49°  3'  N. 

Chateau  Villain,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  W.  Chau- 
mont ;  one,  17  m.  E.  Vienne. 

Chateldon,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  Thiers. 

Chatelet,  t.  Netherlands,  24m.  E.  by  N.  Mons  ; 
one,  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Chateau  Meillant ;  one,  9  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Melun. 

Chatellerault,  t.  France,  on  the  Vienne,  across 
which  is  one  of  the  finest  bridges  in  France.  35 
m.  S.  W.  Tours.     Pop.  8,200. 

ChatJiam,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  Medway^ 
adjoining  Rochester,  of  which  it  is  considered  h 
suburb.  Here  there  is  a  fine  naval  arsenal,  dis- 
posed in  vast  magazines  and  warehouses,  which 
contain  every  kind  of  stores,  and  where  all  the 
operations  necessary  for  the  most  extensive  naval 
architecture  are  carried  on.  The  dock-j'ard,  in- 
cluding tlie  ordnance  wharf,  is  about  a  mile  long. 
Cables  100  fathoms  long,  and  25  inches  in  circum- 
ference, are  made  here.  Above  20  forges  are  con- 
stantly at  work,  and  anchors  are  fabricated  near- 
ly 5  tons  in  weight.  Chatham  is  well  defended, 
and  with  the  excejition  of  Portsmouth,  may  now 
be  considered  as  the  most  complete  and  regular 
fortress  in  the  British  islands.  Pop.  12,652.  30 
ra.  E.  London. 

Chatham,  t.  Kent  co.  Up.  Canada,  extending 
from  Thames  river,  to  lake  St.  Clair. 

Chatham,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N, 
side  of  Ottawa  river. 


172 


C  H  A 


CHE 


Chatham,  t.  Northumberland  co.  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  Miramachi  river.  It  is  well  situated  for 
carryings  on  the  timber  trade,  and  contains  a 
handsome  Presbyterian  church,  built  at  an  ex- 
pense of  1,400/. 

Chatham,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  64  m,  N.  N.  E.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  201. 

Chatham,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on  the  S. 
point  of  the  elbow  of  Cape  Cod,20m.  E.  Barnstable. 
Lon.  CQ'^  50'  VV.  Lat.  41°  42' N.  Pop.  1,334.  Its 
harbor  has  20  (tet  water  at  low  tide.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  employed  chiefly  in  the  fisheries.  Many  of 
the  shipwrecks  on  Cape  Cod,  happen  at  this  place. 
Chatham,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  E.  side  of 
Connecticut  river,  opposite  Middletown.  Pop. 
3,258.  Ship-building-  has  long  been  an  important 
business  in  this  town,  and  several  vessels  of  war 
for  the  United  States'  service  have  been  built 
here.  Here  are  also  the  noted  and  very  valuable 
quarries  of  free  stone,  called  Connecticut  stone.  A. 
large  quantity  of  this  stone,  prepared  for  market, 
is  sold  in  the  neighborhood,  or  exported  to  distant 
parts  of  the  country. 

Chatham,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  N.  E. 
Hudson,  21  S.  E.  Albany.     Pop.  3,381. 

Chatham,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Passaic, 
13  m.  N.  W.  Elizabetlitown.     Pop.  2,019. 
Chatham,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 
Chatham,  a  central  co.  N.  C.     Pop.  12,977. 
Slaves,  3,635.     Chief  town,  Pittsburg. 

Chatham,  p-t.  Chesterfield  district,  S.  C.  on 
the  VV.  side  of  Great  Pedee  river,  101  m.  fr.  Co- 
lumbia. It  is  well  situated  for  trade,  the  river 
being  navigable  to  this  place. 

Chatham,  co.  in  the  eastern  district  of  Geo.  on 
the  sea  coast,  between  Savannah  and  Ogechee 
rivers.  Chief  t.  Savannah.  Pop.  13,540.  Slaves, 
9,748. 

Chatham  four-corners,  p-r.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
Chatham  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.     Lat. 
-  of  the  N.  point,  43°  43'  S.  Lon.  183°  2'  E. 

Chatham  Island,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
172°  18'  W.  Lat.  13°  32'  S. 

Chatham,  or  Punjo  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
E.  Florida.     Lat.  25°  30' "N. 

Chatham  Strait,  a  channel  on  the  W.  coast  of 
N.  America.  It  divides  King  George  the  Third's 
Archipelago  from  Admiralty  island.  Lat.  58°  N. 
Lon.  134°  W. 

Chatian-hay,  an  English  settlement,  on  the 
coast  of  Labrador,  200  or  300  m.  S.  Hopedale. 

Chatillon,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  S.  E.  Aosta  ;  one, 
4  m.  S.  S.  W.  Paris ;  one,  in  Savoy,  15  m.  N. 
Chamberry. 

Chatillon  sur  Die,  t.  France,  30  m.  S.  E.  Va- 
lence. 

Chatillon  les  Dombes,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Bourg  en  Bresse. 

Chatillon  sur  Indre,  t  France,  10  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Loches. 

Chatillon  sur  Loing,  t.  Franco,  40  m.  E.  Or- 
leans. 

Chatillon  sur  Loire,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  E.  Au- 
big'ny. 

Chatillon  sur  Marne,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Rheims. 

thatillon  sur  Saone,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  E.  La 
Marche. 

Chatillon  sur  Seine,  t  France,  24  m.  E,  Ton- 
ncrre.  Lon.  4°  36'  E.  Lat.  47°  51'  N.  Pop. 
3,700. 

Chatre,  La,  t.  France  on  the  Indre,  18  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Chateauroux.    Pop.  4,000. 


Chatteris,  v.  Eng.  1 1  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ely. 

Chatterpore,  citv.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon. 
79°53'E.  Lat.  24^  57' N. 

Chatterton.     See  Chadderton. 

Chaudies  Aigues,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Flour. 

Chaudiere,  r.  Lower  Canada,  rises  in  lake  Me- 
gantic,  and  after  a  northerly  course  of  102  miles, 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  above  Quebec. 
It  is  not  navigable  owing  to  numerous  rapids  and 
falls,  of  which  the  most  remarkable  are  those  call- 
ed the  Chaudiere  Falls,  about  4  miles  from  its 
mouth.  The  scenery  which  accompanies  the  cat- 
aract of  Chaudiere,  is  beautiful  and  romantic  be- 
yond description. 

Chaudron,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  W.  Angers. 

Chaves,  (?Ln.JlquceFlavioe.,)  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras<- 
los  Montes,  30  m.  W.  Braganza. 

Chavffailles,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  CharoUes. 

ChavJku7ida.    See  Kakundy. 

Chaul,  t.  Hind.  18  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Chaulnes,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  W.  Peronne ;  one 
20  m.  E.  S.  E.  Paris. 

Chaumont,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  W.  Beauvais. 

Chaumont,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  22  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Lyons.     Pop.  5,000. 

Chaumont,  p-t.  in  Brownville,  Jefferson  co.  N. 
Y.  on  Chaumont  bay,  in  lake  Ontario. 

Chaumont  en  Bassigny,  t.  France,  147  m.  S.  E. 
Paris.  Lon.  5°  14'  E.  Lat.  48°  6'  13"  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Chauny,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Oise,  65  m. 
N.N.E.  Paris.     Pop.  4,400. 

Chaux  de  Fonds,  la,  v.  Switzerland,  9  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Neufchatel. 

Chayanta.     See  Charcas. 

Chazy,  rivers.  Big  and  Little,  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
run  into  lake  Champlain,  in  the  town  of  Cham- 
plain. 

Chazy,  p-t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Cham- 
plain,  adjoining  Plattsburg,  186  m.  N.  Albany. 
Pop.  1,466. 

Cheadle,  t.  Eng.  15  m.  N.  E.  Stafford,  Pop. 
3,191. 

Cheadle  Moseley,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Stockport. 

Cheat,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Monongahela,  3  or  4 
miles  within  the  Pennsylvania  line.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  boats,  except  in  dry  seasons,  and  there  is  a 
portage  of  37  miles  to  the  Potomac. 

Chebacco,  a  parish  of  Ipswich,  Essex  co.  Mass. 
where  tlie  small  boats  csdled  Chebacco  boats,  are 
built. 

Chebar,  in  Sac.  Geog.  r.  which  flows  into  the 
Euphrates,  at  Carchemish. 

Chebucto  Bay,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia.   Lon.  63°  31'  W.  Lat.  44°  40'  N. 

Checo.     See  Cachao. 

Chedabucto,  or  Milford  Haven,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  gut  of  Canso. 
Lon.  61°  10'  W.  Lat.  45°  25'  N. 

Chedbau,  or  Cheduba,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Bengal. 
Lon.  93°  38'  E.  Lat.  18°  51'  N. 
Chedder,  v.  Eng.  7  m.  N.  W.  Wells. 
Cheego  Muddy,  t.  Hind,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Caggar,  in  lat.  23°  5'  N.  22  m.  S.  W.  Booge- 
booge. 

Cheeks  cross-roads,  p-v.  Hawkins  co.  Ten. 
Cheeran,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Ganges,  9  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Chupra. 

Cheesapanny,  t.  and  fort,  in  the  Nepaul  territD- 
rics.    Lon.  85°  30'  E.  Lat.  37°  23'  N. 


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173 


Chefunoti,  r.  Louisiana,  falls  into  lake  Ponchar- 
train,  at  Madisonville.    It  is  boatable  30  miles. 

Chegford,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  13  m.  W.  Ex- 
eter. 

Chehaws  Indians,  670  in  number,  on  Flint  river, 
Geo.  at  the  fork  of  Makulley  creek. 

CheUcttt,  t.  Abyssinia.  Lon.  10°  37'  17"  E.  Lat. 
13°  21' 34"  N. 

Chelm,  i.  Poland,  108  m.  E.  S.  E.  Warsaw. 

Chemlsford,  t.  Ung.  in  Essex,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ciielmer  and  Cann,  22  m.  W.  Colchester, 
29  E.London.     Pop.  4,649. 

Chelmsford,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Merrimack,  26  m.  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,396.  Middlesex  canal  opens  into  the  Merri- 
mack at  this  place,  through  several  locks.  Here 
is  a  glass  house,  and  extensive  quarries  of  fine 
granite,  much  used  in  building.  Many  houses  in 
Boston,  the  University  hall  at  Cambridge,  and 
the  elegant  Presbyterian  church  at  Savannah, 
are  built  of  this  stone. 

Chelsea,  parish,  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Thames,  1^  m.  W.  London.  Here  is 
the  great  national  asylum  for  decayed  and  maim- 
ed soldiers  '.  Chelsea  Hospital,  being  the  noblest 
building  and  one  of  the  best  foundations  of  the  kind 
in  Europe.  Connected  with  the  hospital,  is  a 
royal  military  asylum,  founded  in  1801,  for  the 
education  and  maintenance  of  soldiers'  children. 
Pop.  in  1«11, 18,262. 

Cfietsea,  p-t.  and  cap.  Orange  co.  Vt.  37  m.  N. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,327. 

Chelsea,  t.  Suffolk  co.  Mass.  3  m.  N.  E.  Boston. 
Pop.  594,  There  is  a  ferry  from  Boston  across 
the  harbor  to  this  place,  and  it  is  connected  with 
Charlestown  by  a  bridge. 

Chelsea  landing,  p-v.  and  port  in  Norwich, 
New-London  co.  Ct.  on  the  point  of  land  between 
Shetucket  and  Norwich  rivers,  the  two  branches 
which  form  the  Thames,  14  m.  N.  New-London. 

Chelt,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Severn. 

Cheltenham,  t.  and  parish  Eng.  in  Gloucester, 
chiefly  celebrated  for  its  medicinal  waters,  which 
attract  about  4,000  visitors  to  the  place  during 
summer.  Pop.  of  the  parish  8,325.  10  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Gloucester,  94  N.  W.  London. 

Cheltenham,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop.  783. 

Cheka,  t.  Spain,  18  m.  S.  W.  Segorbe, 

Chemali,  v.  Natolia,  6  m.  fr.  the  sea.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  an  aga,  and  contains  some  fragments  of 
antique  marbles.  About  two  miles  distant,  there 
are  hot  springs,  resorted  to  in  cutaneous  disorders. 

Chemille,  t.  France,  10  m,  N.  E.Cholet. 

Chemin,  r.  Indiana,  runs  N.  and  falls  into  Lake 
Michigan. 

Chemnitz,  or  Kemnits,  t.  Saxony,  36  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  60'  E.  Lat.  50°  45'  N. 
Pop.  9,900.  Here  are  manufactured  canvass,  cot- 
ton stockings,  caps,  and  similar  stuffs. 

Chemnitz,  t.  Bohemia,  30  m.  S.  E.  Dresden. 

Chemung,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S..  W. 
Spencer,  198  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  683. 

Chenail  Ecarte,  r.  Up.  Canada,  falls  into  Lake 
St.  Clair. 

Chenango  river,  N.  Y.  runs  into  the  Susquehan- 
nah  from  the  N.  18  m.  E.  Owego,  after  a  course 
of  about  90  miles. 

Chenango,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Madison 
CO.  E.  by  Otsego,  and  Delaware  cos.  S.  by  Broome 
CO.  and  W.  by  Broome  and  Cortlandt  cos.  Pop. 
91,704.    Chief  town,  Norwich. 

Chenango,  p-t.  and  cap,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquchannab,  40  m.  fr.  Nor- 


wich, 148  W.  S.  W.  Albany.  Pop.  1,420.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Binghamton,  in  wliich  are  the 
county-buildings. 

Chenango  forks,  p-v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

Chenang''  point.     See  Binghamton. 

Chtndi,  V.  Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  with  about  250 
houses.     Lon.  33°  25'  E.  Lat.  16°  39'  N. 

Chen-si,  province  of  China,  bounded  E.  by  the 
river  Hoang,  which  separates  it  from  Chan-si,  S.  by 
Se-tchuen  and  Hou-quang,  N.  by  Tartary  and  the 
great  wall,  and  W.  by  the  country  of  the  Mon- 
gols.    Pop.  30,000,000. 

Chen-yang,  a  district  of  Chinese  Tartary,  com- 
prehending what  was  formerly  called  Leao-tong, 
and  bounded  S.  by  the  great  wall  of  China. 

Chen-yang,  or  Moukden,  a  city  of  Chinese  Tar- 
tary, cap.  of  the  district  of  Chen-yang,  in  the 
country  of  the  Mantchew  Tartars.  54  m.  E.  N, 
E.  Pekin.     Lon.  122°  10'  E.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. 

Chepachet  p-v.  in  Gloucester,  Providence  co.. 
R.  I.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  and  contains  seve- 
ral mills  on  Chepachet  creek.  Gloucester  bank 
is  in  this  village. 

Chepeieas.     See  Chippeumys. 

Chepido,  t.  Greece,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Paros. 

Chepo,  San  Christoval  de,  t.  S.  America,  42  m. 
N.  E.  Panama. 

Chefstow,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Monmouth,  on  the  Wye, 
2  m.  from  its  junction  with  the  Severn.  It  carries 
on  considerable  trade.  Pop  2,581.  15  m.  N.N. 
W.  Bristol. 

Cher,  r.  France,  which  rises  near  Bellegarde, 
and  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Loire,  a 
little  below  Tours. 

Cher,  a  department  of  France  bounded  N.  by 
Loiret,  E.  by  Nievre,  S.  by  Allier,  W.  by  Indre- 
and-Loire.    Bourges  is  the  capital.    Pop.  228,000. 

Cherac,  t.  France,  34  m.  S.  of  Saintes. 

Cherasco,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Ta- 
naro  and  Stura.  It  is  one  of  the  strong  holds  of 
Piedmont;  it  contains  7  churches  within  its 
walls,  and  3  without.  20  m.  S.  S.  E.  Turin.  Lon. 
7°  55'  E.  Lat.  44°  42'  N.     Pop.  1 1 ,200. 

Cheraw,  p-v.  Darlington  district,  S.  C.  52  m.  fr. 
Camden,  90  fr.  Georgetown. 

Cherbourg,  an  important  seaport  of  France,  on 
the  N.  coast,  at  the  bottom  of  a  large  bay,  between 
Capes  La  Hogue  and  Barfleur.  It  has  long  been 
considered  by  the  P^rench  a  station  of  great  im- 
portance in  the  navigation  of  the  English  channel, 
and  immense  sums  have  been  expended  in  improv- 
ing the  harbor.  After  several  fruitless  efforts,  this 
object  was  at  length  accomplished  in  1813,  by  an 
excavation,  from  the  solid  ground,  of  a  harbor, 
capable  of  containing  50  sail  of  the  line.  The  ex- 
cavation is  1,000  feet  long,  770  wide,  and  50  deep, 
A  wet  dock  of  equal  dimensions  was  commenced 
by  Bonaparte  in  1813,  and  is  now  nearly  comple- 
ted, after  having  cost,  along  with  the  basin,  a  sum 
of  nearly  five  millions  sterling.  Cherbourg  is  190 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  37'  3"  W.  Lat.  49* 
38'  31"  N.     Pop.  10,400. 

Cheribon,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  and  capital 
of  a  principality,  situated  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep 
bay.  The  principality  is  remarkably  fertile  in 
timber,  coffee,  indigo,  sugar  and  pepper.  Lon. 
108°35'E.Lat.  6°43.  S. 

Cherokee  comer,  p-v.  Oglethorpe  co.  Geo. 

Cherokees,  a  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  an  ex- 
tensive country,  included  within  the  chartered 
limits  of  the  States  of  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Ten- 
nessee.    They  live  thinly  dispersed  oyer  the  coim- 


IT4 


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try,  in  log;  cabins,  not  much  inferior  to  those  of 
the  whites  in  the  neighbouring  settlements.  A 
considerable  number  of  whites  reside  in  the  na- 
tion, and  many  have  obtained  all  the  privileges  of 
citizenship  by  marrying  female  natives.  These 
intermarriages  have  been  so  long  practised,  that 
a  considerable  part  of  the  tribe  are  of  mixed  blood. 
The  mixed  breed  can  generally  speak  English,  and 
a  few  send  their  children  to  the  white  settlements 
for  education.  As  to  their  persons,  the  Cherokees 
are  well  formed,  andof  agood  appearance.  Some 
of  them  have  as  fine  countenances  as  can  easily  be 
found  in  any  countFy.  The  children  are  almost 
universally  active  and  healthy,  and  as  apt  to  learn 
as  the  children  of  civilized  people.  Some  of  the 
half-breeds  have  large  plantations,  which  they 
cultivate  by  the  aid  of  slaves,  but  the  full-blooded 
Cherokees  do  not  carry  on  agriculture  with  much 
vigor.  A  few  years  since,  the  Cherokee  country 
embraced  a  territory  of  23,520  square  miles,  and 
the  number  of  the  tribe  was  12,395.  They 
owned  6,519  horses,  19,165  black  cattle,  1,037 
sheep,  19,778  swine,  13  grist  mills,  3  sawmills,  30 
waggons,  and  583  negro  slaves ;  the  whole  value 
of  which  was  estimated  at  571,500  dollars.  They 
had  besides,  upwards  of  500  looms  and  500  ploughs. 
Within  a  few  years,  a  part  of  the  Cherokees  have 
migrated  to  the  country  on  the  Arkansaw  river, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  the  government 
of  the  U.  S.  having  assigned  them  lands  on  that 
river,  in  exchange  for  a  part  of  the  Cherokee  coun- 
try. In  the  treaty  which  was  made  on  this  occa- 
sion, the  government  appropriated  about  100,000 
acres  of  the  lands  ceded  by  the  Cherokees,  for  a 
perpetual  school  fund,  to  be  applied,  under  the 
direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to 
the  instruction  of  Cherokees  who  remain  on  this 
side  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  Moravians  have  a  missionary  establish- 
ment at  Springplace,  about  35miles  from  Brain- 
erd.  The  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
■ions  established  a  mission  among  the  Chero- 
kees in  1817.  Its  principal  seat  is  at  Brainerd; 
but  schools  have  been  established  in  various 
parts  of  the  nation.  In  1820,  numerous  buildings 
had  been  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
mission,  a  farm  of  60  acres  was  under  cultivation, 
and  more  than  200  pupils  were  receiving  instruc- 
tion in  the  various  schools.  Besides  being  taught 
reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  and  the  principles  of 
Christianity,  the  children  are  instructed  in  the 
most  useful  arts  of  civilized  life.  The  boys  learn 
the  use  of  the  hoe  and  the  axe,  while  the  girls  learn 
the  use  of  the  spinning  wheel  and  the  needle. 
The  Cherokees  are  much  pleased  with  the  Mission- 
aries. Throughout  the  nation  there  is  a  general 
and  strong  impression  in  favour  of  having  their 
children  instructed  ;  and  were  sufficient  funds  sup- 
plied, the  greater  part  of  the  children  might  at  once 
be  brought  under  a  system  of  instruction.  See 
Brainerd  and  Choctaws. 

Cherryfield,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  30  m.  W. 
Machias.     Pop.  181. 

Cherry  Isla7id,  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lon.  169° 
55'E.  Lat.  110  27'S. 

Cherrystone,  a  port  of  Va.  Shipping  in  1815, 
1,608  tons. 

Cherrytree,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.  Pop.  391. 

Cherryvalley,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  2,775. 
The  three  Western  turnpikes  through  the  state  of 
New- York  meet  in  this  place.  It  is  13  m.  S.  W. 
Palatine  bridge  on  Mohawk  river,  14  N.  E.  Coop- 
erstown,  53  N.  of  Albanv,  270  fr.  Buffalo.    The 


village  is  large,  and  contains  a  Meeting-house  and 
an  Academy,  and  many  handsome  houses. 

Cherryville,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Cherso,  a  large  island  belonging  to  Austria,  in 
that  part  of  the  Adriatic  between  the  coasts  of  Is- 
tria  and  Dalmatia,  called  the  gulf  of  Carnero.  It 
is  60  miles  long,  and  has  extensive  forests,  from 
which  the  Venetians  draw  a  large  supply  of  wood. 
It  also  exports  olives,  wine,  figs,  silk,  and  wool. 
Pop.  10,000.  Cherso,  the  capital,  is  on  the  coast, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  bay.  Pop.  4,000.  Lon, 
14o_36'E.  Lat.  45°8'N. 

Chcrson,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  capital  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Cherson,  on  the  Dnieper,  60  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  was  founded  in  1778,  and  was  destined 
by  the  empress  Catharine  to  become  the  Peters- 
burg of  the  Black  sea.  But  from  the  difficulty  of 
navigating  the  Dnieper,  and  the  unhealthiness  of 
the  climate,  it  gradually  fell  into  decline,  and  is 
now  completely  eclipsed,  by  the  neighbouring  port 
of  Odessa ;  but  extensive  works  are  still  carried  on 
in  the  dockyards  and  arsenal  of  Cherson.  la 
1788,  the  population  was  about  50,000.  In  1803, 
not  above  11,000.  The  government  of  Cherson 
contains  26,532  square  miles,  and  above  400,000 
inhabitants.  128  m.  S.W.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon.  32^ 
56'30"E.Lat.  46°38'30"N. 

Cherisey,  t.  Ensr.  in  Surrey,  10  m.  from  Houns- 
low,  22  VV.  S.  W." London. 

Chesadawd  Lake,  N.  America,  about  210  m.  N. 
E.  by  E.  of  the  E.  end  of  Slave  lake,  in  the  Hud- 
son-Bay company's  territory. 

Chesapeake  bay,  a  spacious  bay  of  the  U.  S.  Its 
entrance  is  12  miles  wide,  between  Cape  Henry, 
in  lat.  37°  and  Cape  Charles,  in  37°  12'  N.  It  ex- 
tends 200  miles  in  a  northerly  direction,  through 
the  states  of  Virginiaand  Maryland,  dividing  them 
into  two  parts,  called  the  eastern  and  western 
shores.  About  75  miles  of  the  length  of  the  bay 
is  in  Virginia,  and  125  in  Maryland.  The  breadth 
varies  from  7  to  20  miles.  It  is  generally  as  much 
as  9  fathoms  deep,  and  aflfords  many  commodious 
harbours  and  a  safe  navigation.  It  receives  the 
waters  of  the  Susquehannah,  Potomac,  Rappa- 
hannock, York,  and  James  rivers,  besides  number- 
less small  streams,  both  from  the  eastern  and  west- 
ern shores. 

Chesapeak  town,  p-v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

Chesham,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckingham,  25  ra.  W.  N. 
W.  London. 

Cheshire,  a  county  palatine  of  Eng.  bounded  N. 
by  Lancashire,  W.  by  Flint  and  Denbigh,  S.  and 
E.  by  Derbyshire,  Staffordshire,  and  Sallop.  It 
contains  1,040  square  miles.  Coal  is  abundant  in 
the  south-east  parts,  but  tlie  principal  mineral 
consists  of  inexhaustible  strata  of  rock  salt.  Chesh- 
ire also  is  celebrated  for  the  quantity  and  excel- 
lence of  its  cheese,  which  forms  one  of  the  princi  - 
pal  exports.  Population,  227,031.  Families, 
44,502,  of  which  number,  16,396  are  engaged  in 
agriculture,  and  23,043  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. 

Cheshire,  co.  S.  W.  part  of  N.  H.  bounded  N. 
by  Grafton  co.  E.  by  Hillsborough  co.  S.  by  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  W.  by  Connecticut  river,  which 
separates  it  from  Vermont.  Pop.  40,988.  Chief 
towns,  Keene  and  Charlestown. 

Cheshire,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  17  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Lenox,  140  W.  N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,315. 

Cheshire,  p-t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  13  m.  N. 
New-Haven.  Pop.  2,288.  The  Episcopal  Acad- 
emy of  Connecticut  is  established  here.  It  has  a 
fund  of  $25,000,  and  a  library  of  200  volumes. 


CHE 


CHE 


175 


The  institution  is  under  the  direction  of  a  Princi- 
pal, and  a  Professor  of  languages.  The  average 
number  of  students  has  been  70.  The  academi- 
cal building  is  a  brick  edifice,  50  feet  by  34. 

Cheshire,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  10  m. 
N.  Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  305. 

Cheshunt,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford,  13  m.  N.  London. 

Chesil  Bank,  an  immense  bank  of  pebbles  on  the 
coast  of  Dorset,  Eng.  extending  from  the  isle  of 
Portland  to  the  mainland  at  Abbotsbury. 

Cheskitalatvai/s  Indians,  580  in  number,  in  Flori- 
da, on  the  W.  side  of  Chatahoochee  river,  where 
it  separates  Georgia  from  Florida. 

Chesne-Tonex,  t.  Savoy,  30  m.  E.  Geneva. 

Chesnut  creek,  Va.  a  branch  of  the  Great  Ken- 
hawa,  where  it  crosses  the  Carolina  line. 

Chesnut  hill,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Chesnut  hill,  p-v.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 

Chesnut  ridge,  part  of  the  Alleghany  mountains 
which  extends  from  Maryland,  N.  E.  through 
Fayette  and  Westmoreland  cos.  Pa. 

Chester,  city,  Eng.  cap.  of  Cheshire,  on  the  Dee, 
18  m.  from  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls 
nearly  two  miles  in  circuit,  with  four  principal 
gates.  Four  principal  streets  lead  from  the  four 
gates  and  meet  in  a  centre.  Chester  contains  a 
cathedral  and  eight  parish  churches  within  the 
walls,  several  places  of  worship  for  dissenters,  and 
several  alms-houses,  and  endowments  for  charita- 
ble purposes.  The  two  annual  fairs  for  Man- 
chester goods,  Yorksliire  cloths,  Irish  linens,  and 
Birmingham  wares,  are  tlie  most  considera- 
ble ones  in  the  northern  part  of  the  kingdom. 
Pop.  17,472.  145  m.  N.  Bristol,  181  N.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  3°  4'.  W.  Lat.  53°  11'  N. 

Chester,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova  Scotia,  in  Ma-' 
hone  bay,  25  m.  fr.  Windsor. 

Chester,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Merrimack,  14  m.  N.  W.  Haverhill,  14 
W.  Exeter,  25  S.  E.  Concord,  31  W.  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  2,030.  Masabesic  pond  lies  mostly  in  the 
W.  part  of  tliis  town. 

Chester,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  16  m.  S.  W.  Wind- 
sor, 1 1  W.  Charlestown,  N.  H.  Pop.  2,370. 

Chester,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  W. 
Springfield.     Pop.  1,534. 

Chester,  p-v.  and  parish  in  Saybrook,  Middle- 
sex CO.  Ct 

Chester,  p-v.  in  Goshen,  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  115 
m.  fr.  Albany. 

Chester,  p-t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
25  m,  W.  Ticonderoga,  90  N.  Albany.  Pop.  9.37. 
Scroon  lake  lies  on  the  E.  side  of  this  town. 

Chester,  Went.     See  West  Chester. 

Chester,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1, 175. 

Chester,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,839. 

Chester,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  E.  by  x\Iontgomery 
CO.  S.  E.  by  Delaware  and  Philadelphia  cos.  S.  by 
Maryland,  W.  by  Lancaster  co.  and  N.  W.  by 
Berks  co.  Pop.  39,596.  Chief  town,  West-Ches- 
ter. 

Chester,  bor.  and  cap.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  Del- 
aware river,  near  Marcus  Hook,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Wilmington,  15  fr.  Philadelphia.  Its  situation  is 
pleasant,  and  it  is  the  resort  of  much  company 
from  Philadelphia  in  the  summer  months. 

Chester  river,  a  navigable  water  of  Md.  on  the 
Eastern  shore.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  Cy- 
prus and  Andover  creeks  at  Bridgetown.  It  pass- 
es by  Chestertown,  receives  South  East  creek  3 
miles  below,  and  empties  into  the  Chesapeake  at 
Love  Point,  18  m.  below  Chester. 


Chester,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  on  the  point  of 
land  between  Allen's  or  North,  and  South  rivers, 
the  two  branches  of  the  Shenandoah,  16  m.  S.  by 
^V.  W'inchester. 

Chester,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  W. 
side  of  James  river,  6  m.  S.  Richmond,  15  N. 
Blandford. 

Chester,  district,  S.  C.  on  Wateree  river.  Pop. 
11,479.     Slaves,  2,743.     Chief  town,  Chester. 

Chester,  p-t  and  cap.  Chester  district,  S.  C.  22 
m.  S.  Pinckney  court-house,  58  N.  W.  Columbia. 

Chester,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  N.  W.  Wooster. 
Pop.  in  1819,440. 

Chester,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  W.  Wilming- 
ton. 

Chester,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

Chester,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into  Pensacola  bay. 

Chester  le  Street,  t.  Eng.  6  m.  N.  Durham. 

Chesterfield,  t.  Eng.  Derbyshire,  on  the  Rother, 
26  m.  N.  Derby.     Pop.  4,476. 

Chesterfield,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Connect" 
icut  river,  opposite  Brattleboro',  11  m.  S.  W. 
Keene,  25  S.  by  W.  Charlestown.     Pop.  1,839. 

Chesterfield,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  15  m.  W. 
Northampton.     Pop.  1,408. 

Chesterfield,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Cham- 
plain,  18  m.  S.  Plattsburg.  Pop.  631.  Adgate's 
falls,  in  Sable  river,  is  at  this  place.  See  Sable 
river. 

Chesterfield,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

Chesterfield,  co.  Va.  between  James  and  Appo- 
matox  rivers.  Pop.  9,979.  Slaves,  6,015.  At  the 
court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Chesterfield,  district,  S.  C.  bordering  on  N.Car- 
olina.    Pop.  5,564.     Slaves,  1,639. 

Chesterfield  Inlet,  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  Hud- 
son's bay,  about  200  miles  long,  and  15  wide, 
Lon.  of  the  mouth,  90°  40'  W.  Lat.  63°  30'  N. 

Chesterfield  Key,  an  islet,  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  77°  20'  W.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. 

Chestertown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Kent  co.  Md. ;  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Chester  river,  about  18 
miles  from  its  mouth,  in  Chesapeake  bay,  35  m.  S. 
Elkton,  38  S.  S.  E.  Baltimore.  Lon.  77°  57'  W. 
Lat.  39°  12'  N.  It  contains  140  houses,  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  spacious  college  edifice,  and  2 
houses  of  public  worphip,  1  for  xMethodists,  and  1 
for  Episcopalians.  An  elegant  bridge  is  now 
erecting  over  Chester  river.  The  town  had  for- 
merly considerable  trade,  but  is  now  on  the  de- 
cline. The  amount  ol  shippingin  1805  was  3,421 
tons;  in  1815,  it  was  1,813. 

Washington  college  in  this  town,  Avas  incorpo- 
rated in  1782,  and  had  a  fund  of  1250/.  a  yeai« 
settled  upon  it  by  the  legislature,  which  has  sinct 
been  withdrawn ;  and  the  building  is  now  appro- 
priated to  the  accommodation  of  a  Latin  and 
English  school,  which  is  one  of  the  most  respecta- 
ble in  the  state. 

Chestervifle,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine.  30  m.  N. 
W.  Augusta.     Pop.  430. 

Chesuncook,  a  large  lake,  in  Maine,  through 
which  the  main  branch  of  the  Penobscot  flows. 

Chetarnaches.     See  Lafourche. 

Chetamaches  lake,  Louisiana,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi.  It  is  24  miles  long,  and  9  broad, 
and  communicates  with  lake  Portage. 

Chelecun  Head,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Cape 
Breton.     Lon.  60°  46'  W.  Lat.  46°  40'  N. 

Chethain,  t.  Eng.  If  m.  fr.  Manchester.  |,^ 

Chever.     See  Khauar.  r-t'^ 

Chevemy,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  E.  Blois. 

Cheviot  Ililh.  a  ridgo  of  hill?,  in  Enghnd.  run- 


176 


C  H  I 


ning  from  N.  E.  to  is.  W.  along  the  borders  of  Nor- 
thumberland, and  dividing  that  county  from  Rox- 
burghshire, in  Scotland. 

Chevres,  t.  France,  18  m.  E.  Angouleme. 

Chevres,  t.  J'rance,  15  ra.  S.  W.  Paris.  Pop. 
1,130. 

Ckevrotiere,  r.  Canada,  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence from  the  N.  about  40  m.  above  Quebec. 

Cheicabad,  s-p.  Persia,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  en- 
trance of  the  Persian  gulf. 

C'hezerii,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  W.  Geneva. 

Chezib,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Achzib. 

Chezy  VAbbaye,  t.  France,  on  the  Marne,  4  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Chateau  Thierry.     Pop.  1,300. 

Chiana,  r.  Italy,  divides  into  two  branches,  one 
of  which  falls  into  the  Tiber,  near  Orvieto,  and 
the  other  running  N.  joins  the  Arno  near  Arezzo. 

Chiantla,  t.  Mexico,  40  m.  S.  W.  Puebla  de  los 
Angelos. 

Cliiapa,  province,  in  the  Captain-generalship  of 
Guatimala,  bounded  W.  by  Oaxaca,  S.  by  Guati- 
mala,  E.  by  Vera  Paz  and  Yucatan,  N.  by  Vera 
Cruz. 

Chiapa  dos  Kspagnos,  or  Cividad  Real,  cap.  of 
the  above  province,  300  m.  N.  W.  Guatimala. 
Lon.  930  23'  W.  Lat.  17°  N.  Pop.  2,500.  Its 
principal  commerce  is  in  cocoa  nuts,  cotton,  wool, 
sugar,  and  cochineal. 

Chiaya  dos  Indios,  city,  of  Chsapi  province, 
on  the  Tabasco ;  contains  about  4,000  Indians, 
who  are  rich.  36  m.  W.  Chiapa  dos  Espagnos. 
Lon.  93°  53'  W.  Lat.  17°  5'  N. 

Chiaranwnle,  t.  Sicily,  25  m.  W.  Syracuse. 

Chiarenztty  or  Clarensa,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Merea,  80  m.  W.  Corinth. 
Lon.  21°  16'  E.  Lat.  38"  11'  N. 

Chiari,  t.  Lombardy,  12  m.  W.  Brescia.  Lon. 
9°  56'  E.  Lat.  45°  32'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Chiascio,  r.  Ecclesiastical  States,  falls  into  the 
Tiber,  5  m.  S.  Perugia. 

Chiarari,  t.  territory  of  Genoa,  20  m.  S.  E.  Ge- 
noa.    Pop.  nearly  8,000. 

Chiavenna,  a  county  of  Lombardy,  N.  of  the 
lake  of  Como,  on  the  borders  of  Switzerland,  be- 
tween the  country  of  the  Grisons  and  the  Valte- 
line,  18  miles  long,  and  15  broad.  Pop.  18,000. 
Chiavenna,  the  capital,  is  deemed  the  key  of 
Lombardy,  on  the  side  of  the  Grison  territory.  It 
is  on  the  side  of  a  high  mountain  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Maira,  a  little  above  its  influx  into  tlic 
lake  of  Como.  38  m.  N.  Como.  Lon.  9°  21'  E. 
Lat.  46°  15'  N. 

Chiavoroio,  t.  Carinthia,  8  m.  S.  Tarvis. 

Chiaw,  Gulf  of,  a  deep  bay  on  the  N.  E.  side  of 
the  island  of  Gilolo. 

Chibiane,  v.  Cyprus,  anciently  called  Corinea  ; 
celebrated  for  its  wine. 

Chicago,  river,  or  arm  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  its 
S.  end,  in  Illinois.  A  mile  from  the  lake  it  divides 
into  two  channels  :  the  N.  channel  extends  along 
the  west  side  of  the  lake,  about  30  miles;  the  S. 
J8  only  6  miles  long,  and  aflords  a  secure  harbor  for 
vessels  of  almost  any  burden,  but  has  a  bar  at  its 
mouth  with  only  2  feet  water.  This  obstruction 
might  be  easily  removed,  and  the  harbor  rendered 
accessible.  The  portage  from  Chicago  riA^er  to 
the  Aux  Plains,  one  of  the  two  branches  of  Illinois 
river,  is  9  miles,  and  is  so  low  as  often  to  be  cover- 
ed with  water  and  passed  in  boats.  A  canal  here 
is  contemplated,  and  could  be  made  with  little 
expense,  which  would  open  a  water  communica- 
tion between  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississip- 


C  H  I 

pi,  through  the  Illinois.     Half  a  mile  from  tiie 
mouth  of  the  Chicago,  is  Fort  Dearfiom,  which  see. 

Chicama,  r,  Peru,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  Lat.  7'-'  45'  S. 

Chicapee,  r.  Mass.  rises  in  Vi'^orcester  county, 
and  runs  into  Connecticut  river  at  Springfield. 

Chicaur,  t.  Hind.  16  m.  S.  Chittore. 

Chichacotta,  t.  and  fortress,  Bootan,  on  the  fron- 
tier of  Bengal,  50  m.  N.  Rungpore.  Ldn.  89°  25' 
E.  Lat.  26"  42'  N. 

Chichas  y  Tarija,  a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
bounded  JN.  by  Poton,  E.  by  the  Indian  country, 
S.  by  Jujuy,  and  W.  by  the  Andes,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  desert  of  Atacamo. 

Chichester,  city,  Eng.  cap.  of  Sussex,  on  the  Le- 
vant. It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  besides  the  cathe- 
dral there  are  six  parish  churches.  Large  quan- 
tities of  salt  are  made  at  Itchenor,  3  miles  from 
Chichester,  where  shipbuilding  is  also  carried  onto 
some  extent.  This  city  sends  two  members  to  par- 
liament. Pop.  6,425.  36  m.  S.  E.  Winchester, 
and  61  S.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  47'  W.  Lat.  50<» 
50'  N. 

Chichester,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  E, 
Concord,  45  N.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  951. 

Chichester,  Lower  and  Upper,  2  towns  in  Dela- 
ware CO.  Pa.  Pop.  of  Lower  Chichester,  511 ;  of 
Upper,  417. 

Chickahominy,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  N.  side  of 
James  river,  37  m.  above  Point  Comfort.  It  has  a 
bar  at  its  mouth  with  12  feet  water,  above  which 
large  vessels  ascend  8,  and  vessels  of  6  tons,  32 
miles. 

Chickamaugah  creek,  rises  in  Georgia,  and  joins 
the  Tennessee,  a  few  miles  above  Lookout  Moun- 
tains. It  runs  through  a  district  of  the  Cherokee 
country,  called  from  it,  Chickamaugah  district,  in 
which  Brainerd,  the  missionary  station  is  estab- 
lished. 

Chickasaiv,  r.  Ten.  runs  into  the  Mississippi. 

Chickasaw  Agency,  Alabama,  in  the  country  of 
the  Chickasaws,  27  m.  W.  Cotton-Gin-Port,  130 
S.  W.  Huntsville.     Here  is  a  post  office. 

Chickasaw  Bluff,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississip- 
pi, in  the  N.  W.  corner  of  Mississippi.    Lat.  35°  N. 

Chickasaws,  Indians,  whose  country  is  included 
within  the  chartered  limits  of  the  states  of  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee,  Mississippi  and  Alabama; 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Tennessee  river,  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio,  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Choctaw  country.  The  number  of 
the  tribe,  according  to  the  statement  of  the  U.  S. 
agent,  is  6,456.  The  Chickasaws,  like  their 
neighbors  the  Cherokees  and  Choctaws,  are  con- 
siderably advanced  in  civilization.  The  Ameri- 
can Board  of  Foreign  Missions  have  in  contempla- 
tion the  establishment  of  a  mission  among  them. 

Chickasawhay,  r.  Mississippi,  rises  in  the  Choc- 
taw country,  and  8  miles  below,  N.  lat.  31°  joins 
Leaf  river  to  form  the  Pascagoula. 

Chickasawhay,  p-v.  Greene  co.  Mississippi. 

Chickley,  t  Hind.  30  m.  S.  E.  Surat. 

Chiclana,  v.  Spain,  52  m.  S.  S.  W.  Seville. 

Chicova,  t.  E.  Africa,  celebrated  for  its  silver 
mines.     Lon.  30°  20'  E.  Lat.  16°  30'  S. 

Chidley,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador,  at 
the  entrance  of  Hudson's  straits.  Lon.  70°  25' 
W.  Lat.  60°  12'  N. 

Chielefa,  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  12  m . 
W,  Koldfithia. 

Chiem,  Lake,  in  Bavaria,  between  the  Inn  and 
Salzach.    It  is  12  miles  long  and  8  broad. 


C  H  I 


C  H  I 


177 


Chienlo,  r.  Italy,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Venice. 
Lat.  43°  14'  N. 

Chieri,  or  Chiers,  t.  Piedmont,  surrounded  with 
walls.  6  m.  E.  Turin.  Lon,  7°  48'  E.  Lat.  45°  4' 
N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Chiese,  r.  Italy,  falls  into  the  Oglio,  at  Caneto, 
in  the  duchy  of  Mantua. 

Chieli,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  on  the  Pes- 
cara,  78  m.  N.  E.  Rome,  93  N.  Naples.  Lon.  14° 
30'  E.  Lat.  42°  22'  N. 

Chievres,  t.  Netherlands,  12  m.  N.  W.  Mons. 

Chifremont.     See  Bovines. 

Chif  uncle,  r.  Louisiana,  falls  into  Lake  Ponchar- 
train,  a  little  below  Madisonville. 

Chiggrcy  station  in  the  Nubian  desert,  200  m.  S. 
Syene. 

Chignecto  Bay,  the  N.  VV.  arm  of  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy,  in  Neva  Scotia. 

Chihuahua,  t.  New  Spain,  in  Durango.  It  is 
surrounded  with  mines  of  silver  on  every  side.  180 
m.  N.  W.  Mexico.  Lon.  109°  16'  W.  Lat.  28°  50' 
N.     Pop.  11,600. 

Chikanga,  a  kingdom  of  E.  Africa,  W.  of  Mo- 
nomopata.     Here  are  valuable  gold  mines. 

Chikkolee,  t.  Hind.  11  m.  S.  W.  Seringapatam. 

Chilca,  s-p,  Peru,  40  m.  S.  Callao.  Lat.  12° 
32'  S. 

Chile,  r.  Chili,  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in  lat. 
39®  S. 

Chili,  country,  S.  America,  bounded  N.  by  the 
desert  of  Atacama,  which  separates  it  from  Peru  ; 
E.  by  the  Andes,  which  separate  it  from  Buenos 
Ayres  ;  S.  by  Patagonia;  and  W.  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  It  is  a  long  and  narrow  country,  extend- 
ing from  25°  to  43°  S.  lat.  about  1,300  miles  long, 
and,  on  an  average,  140  broad,  and  containing 
about  180,000  square  miles.  The  part  of  this  coun- 
try inhabited  by  the  Spaniards,  is  from  the  north- 
ern boundary  to  the  river  Biobio,  in  lat.  36°  50'  S. 
The  part  S.  of  the  Biobio,  is  occupied  by  the  A- 
raucanian  Indians.  Chili  is  composed,  to  a  consid- 
erable extent,  of  vallies  surrounded  by  high  moun- 
tains or  ridges.  Lying  along  the  foot  of  the  An- 
des, it  receives  a  multitude  of  small  rivers,  which 
flow  with  the  rapidity  of  torrents,  and  are  seldom 
navigable  ;  but  they  serve  to  irrigate  the  vallies 
and  render  them  exceedingly  fertile.  As  respects 
climate,  Chili  may  be  divided  into  2  regions  :  the 
variable  and  humid  region,  south  of  lat.  35°  ;  and 
the  invariable  and  dry  country,  north  of  that  par- 
allel. In  the  dry  country  it  does  not  rain  for  two 
thirds  of  the  year,  and  in  the  districts  fartliest 
north,  it  never  rains,  and  never  thunders ;  the 
dews  are  scarcely  perceptible,  the  atmosphere  is 
without  a  cloud,  and  the  temperature  is  delightful. 
The  southern  part  of  Chili  is  a  land  abounding 
with  wheat,  wine  and  oil ;  cotton  and  hemp  are 
also  cultivated,  and  cattle  are  numerous.  The 
northern  districts  have  a  dry  and  barren  soil,  but 
are  rich  in  mines  of  tin,  copper,  silver,  and  gold. 
Volcanoes  occur  among  the  Andes  at  every  little 
interval,  along  the  whole  eastern  boundary.  There 
are  14,  which  are  in  a  state  of  constant  eruption. 
Earthquakes  usually  occur  3  or  4  times  a  year. 

The  population,  according  to  a  census  made  a 
few  years  since,  is  1,200,000,  exclusive  of  inde- 
pendent tribes  of  Indians,  The  great  mass  of  this 
population  is  between  the  rivers  Juncal  and  Bio- 
bio, on  a  territory  of  80,000  square  miles.  The 
religion  is  Roman  Catholic ;  and  there  are  said 
to  be  about  10,000  monks  and  nuns,  in  the  whole 
country,  and  the  relijrious  iuBtitntion';  M'ith  which 


23 


they  are  connected,  it  is  estimated,  hold  nearly 
one  third  of  tlie  landed  property.  Chili  was  for- 
merly a  colony  dependent  on  Spain,  but  in  1810, 
the  people  took  the  government  into  their  own 
hands,  and  on  February  12th,  1818,  made  a  decla- 
ration of  absolute  independence,  which  they  have 
since  maintained.  In  1818,  according  to  an  offi- 
cial statement,  the  army  consisted  of  8,400  regular 
troops,  and  28,960  militia;  and  the  revenue 
amounted  to  2,177,967  dollars. 

Chilidromia.     See  Lidromia. 

Chilka,  lake.  Hind,  on  the  coast,  36  miles  long 
by  10  or  12  broad.  40  m.  S.  W.  Cuttack.  Lat. 
19°  39'  N. 

Chillambaram,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Carnatic. 
1 20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Madras,  Lon,  79°  52'  E,'Lat.  1 1* 
27'  N. 

Chilian,  province,  Chili,  bounded  N.  by  Maule, 
E.  by  the  Andes,  and  W,  by  Itata.  Chilian,  th« 
capital,  is  on  the  river  Chilian.     Lat,  35°  36'  N. 

Chilleurs,  t.  France,  14  m,  N.  E.  Orleans. 

Chillicolhe,  p-t.  and  cap.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  and  the 
second  town  in  size  in  the  State,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Scioto,  45  m.  in  a  direct  line,  and  70  by  wa- 
ter from  its  mouth  ;  45  m.  S,  Columbus,  70  S,  W. 
Zanesville,  93  E.  by  N,  Cincinnati,  Lon.  82°  55' 
W.  Lat,  39°  14'  N,  Pop.  in  1819,  2,600.  It  is 
laid  out  on  an  elevated  plain,  between  Paint  creek 
and  the  Scioto.  The  streets  are  spacious,  and  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles.  It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  market-house,  3  banks,  including 
the  branch  bank  of  the  United  States,  3  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Seceders, 
and  1  for  Methodists,  and  an  academy.  In  the  town 
and  vicinity  are  many  valuable  mills  and  manu- 
factories. 

Chillis,  t.  Syria,  in  the  pachalic  of  Aleppo.  It 
has  15  mosques,  large  bazars,  and  is  a  noted  mart 
for  cottons.     15  m,  N.  Aleppo, 

Chillisquaque,  t,  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  6  m.  above  North- 
umberland,    Pop,  1,505, 

Chilloa,  V.  S,  America,  in  New  Granada,  on  tlie 
Magdalena,     Lat,  9°  5'  N. 

Chilian,  a  fortified  castle  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Vaud,  on  a  peninsular  rock,  at  the  E, 
end  of  the  lake  of  Geneva,  5  m.  S.  E.  Vevay. 

Chillumcotta,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  20  m.  E. 
Chinabalaram. 

Chillumeal,  t.  Hind.  17  m.  N.  W.  Cuddapah. 

Chilmark,  t.  Duke's  co.  on  Martha's  Vineyard 
Island,  Mass.  90  m.  S.  by  E.  Boston,  Pop,  723, 
In  this  town  is  the  bluff,  called  Gay-head. 

ChUnmry,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmapootra  river. 
Lon.  90°  3'E.  Lat.  25°  25'  N. 

Chilney,  isl.  in  the  Arabian  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Persia!     Lon.  65°  44'  E.  Lat.  25°  N. 

Chiloe,  Archipelago  of,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  a 
large  gulf  or  bay  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Chili. 
Chiloe,  the  principal  island,  is  between  lat,  42° 
13'  and  43°  47'  S.  and  is  about  120  miles  long.  It 
is  se))arated  from  the  main  land  by  a  channel  little 
more  than  a  mile  wide, 

Chilongery,  t.  Hind.  45  m.  N.  W.  Seringapatam. 

Chilpanzingo,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  great  road 
from  Mexico  to  Acapulco, 

Chilquesy  Masqites,  province  of  Peru,  bounded 
W.  by  Cotabamba,  N.  by  Abancay,  and  N.  E.  by 
Cuzco.     The  capital  is  Paruro. 

Chiltern  Hills,  a  ridge  of  chalky  hills  in  Eng- 
land, passing  nearly  through  the  centre  of  the 
county  of  Buckinfha^E 


178 


C  H  I 


Chilvers  Colon,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire. 

Chimara,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  36  m,  S.  Valona. 
Lon.  19°  53' E.  Lat.  40°  19' N. 

Chimay,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the 
viver  Blanche  Eau,  10  m.  N.  Rocroy. 

Chimbo,  t.  S.  America,  90  m.  S.  Quito. 

Chimborazo,  the  most  elevated  summit  of  tlie 
Andes,  is  100  m.  S.  W.  Quito.  Lat.  1°  20'  S.  It 
rises  to  the  height  ol  21,440  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  and  is  cov-ered  with  perpetual  snow.  This 
vast  mountain  presents  a  most  magnificent  specta- 
cle when  seen  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
with  its  enormous  circular  summit  projected  upon 
the  deep  azure  blue  of  the  equatorial  sky.  It  was 
ascended  by  Humboldt  on  the  23d  June  1797,  who 
with  his  party  reached  the  height  of  19,300  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  when  their  further  pro- 
pjress  was  prevented  by  a  chsism  500  feet  wide. 
Here  they  were  surrounded  by  a  thick  fog,  and 
greatly  incommoded  by  the  extreme  tenuity  of  the 
air,  which  was  also  felt  intensely  cold  and  pier- 
cing. Respiration  was  ditfiicult,  and  blood  oozed 
from  their  eyes,  their  lips,  and  their  gums. 
The  point  on  which  they  stood  was  higher  than 
any  ever  before  attained  by  man. 

China,  an  extensive  empire  in  the  S.  E.  of  Asia. 
The  territories  subject  or  tributary  to  the  empe- 
ror of  China,  are  of  vast  extent,  including  Mand- 
shuria  and  Mongolia  proper,  Thibet,  and  the 
whole  o<"  central  Asia,  between  Hindostan  on  the 
.9.  and  Asiatic  Russia  on  the  N.  On  the  W.  it  is 
bounded  by  the  Belur  mountains,  which  separate 
it  from  Independent  Tartary.  The  country,  how- 
ever, described  in  the  present  article,  is  China 
proper,  which  is  of  mucli  more  limited  extent,  ly- 
ing between  20°  and  41°  N.  lat.  and  101°  and 
122°  E.  Ion.  It  is  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  sea, 
W.  by  Thibet,  N.  by  Chinese  Tartary,  and  con- 
tains about  1,300,000  sq.  miles.  The  genei-al  as- 
pect of  China  is  that  of  a  level,  fertile,  and  highly 
cultivated  region.  It  is  the  most  populous  coun- 
try in  the  world.  The  number  of  inhabitants  has 
been  variously  estimated  from  150  to  333,000,000. 
Mr.  Morrison  gives  the  result  of  a  census  made  by 
the  present  emperor,  at  about  145,000,000,  which 
is  probably  less  than  the  truth,  as  the  census  was 
made  with  a  view  to  taxation.  On  the  whole,  we 
apprehend  150,000,000  to  be  the  most  rational  es- 
timate. To  support  this  crowded  population,  ev- 
ery method  is  adopted  to  raise  (bod,  and  agricul- 
ture is  carried  to  the  highest  perfection.  Even 
steep  hills  and  mountains  are  cultivated.  They 
are  converted  into  terraces,  one  above  another, 
and  reservoirs  are  made  on  the  top,  in  which  rain 
water  is  collected,  and  conveyed  down  the  sides 
to  water  the  plants.  The  public  works  of  the 
Chinese  are  equal  in  magnitude  to  those  of  any 
nation,  and  are  directed  solely  to  purposes  of  pub- 
lic utility.  The  canals  have  long  been  celebra- 
ted. No  nation  can  produce  a  parallel  to  the 
great  Canal,  which  extends  in  a  continuous  line, 
for  500  miles,  from  Pekin  to  the  river  Yang-tse- 
kiang.  Smaller  canals  are  almost  innumerable, 
and  the  inland  water  communication  between  Pe- 
kin and  Canton,  a  distance  of  1,000  miles,  is  inter- 
I'upted  only  by  a  land  journey  of  a  single  day. 
Splendid  bridges,  and  magnificent  roads  are  also 
of  frequent  occurrence.  But  the  most  stupen- 
dous of  all  works  of  art,  in  ancient  or  modern 
times,  is  the  Great  W-all  of  China.  This  mighty 
rampart  has  been  raised  along  the  whole  north- 
fern,  and  part  of  the  western  frontier,  over  rirer" 


C  H  i 

upon  arches,  over  valleys  and  mountains,  throu  gh 
a  course  of  about  1,000  miles.  It  is  built  of  bri  ck 
and  stone,  varyihg  in  height  from  15  to  30  feet, 
and  so  thick  that  6  horsemen  can  ride  abreast  on 
the  top. 

The  government  is  an  absolute  despotism,  but 
is  usually  administered  with  much  of  the  patri- 
archal spirit.  The  emperor  regards  his  people  as 
his  children,  and  not  as  his  slaves.  The  officers 
of  government  are  called  mandarins.  There  is 
no  established  religion  in  China.  The  people 
never  meet  for  rehgious  purposes.  They  believe 
however  in  the  existence  of  a  God,  and  there  are 
various  religious  sects,  the  principal  of  which  is 
the  sect  of  Fo.  Amojig  the  good  qualities  in  the 
character  of  the  Chinese,  may  be  mentioned  un- 
remitting industry,  perseverance,  veneration  for 
parents,  good  humor  and  courtesy  of  manners. 
Among  their  vices  are  an  entire  disregard  of  trutl^, 
and  unparalleled  skill  in  the  art  of  cheating. 

The  most  celebrated  production  is  the  tea  tree, 
whose  leaves  form  the  chief  article  of  its  foreign 
commerce.  Among  otlier  productions  are  the 
camphor  tree,  the  tallow  tree,  and  the  paper  mul- 
berry tree.  In  manufactures  the  Chinese  display 
great  ingenuity.  Their  beautiful  porcelain  has 
long  been  celebrated  ;  silk  and  cotton  goods  are 
also  manufactured  in  great  quantities,  and  thcsfe 
articles  are  among  the  principal  exports. 

The  internal  commerce  of  China  is  unrivalled 
in  extent.  The  innumerable  rivers  and  canals 
with  which  it  is  intersected,  are  covered  with 
barges  of  every  form  and  dimension,  interchanging 
the  productions  of  the  different  provinces.  For- 
eign commerce  is  vie  Wed  with  a  jealous  eye.  Eu- 
ropeans have  only  two  points  at  which  they  are 
allowed  to  trade,  one  at  Kiachta,  the  emporium 
for  the  overland  trade  of  Russia,  and  the  other  at 
Canton.  The  following  table  exhibits  a  general 
view  of  the  trade  between  Great  Britain  and  Chi- 
na for  the  tliree  years,  1809 — H. 
Exports  to  China. 

1810.  1811. 


Copper, 

Iron  bar, 

Lead, 

Tin, 

Woollens, 

Miscellaneous, 


/1, 042, 139       933,459 
Imports  from  China. 
1809.      I       1810. 


Tea,  lbs.         21,717,3101  19,791,356 

Silk,  lbs.                90,603  54,376 

Nankins,  pieces,  287,720  305,009 

Miscellaneous,     n4,268  14,890 


963,715 
1811. 


21,231,849 

81,397 

316,616 

9,630 


Total  value,    /3,749,298|    /3,390,988|    «,660,830 

China,  t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N.  Au- 
gusta. 

China,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Chinabakeer,  t.  Birnian  empire,  in  Pegue.  Lat. 
16°  20'  N.  Lon.  about  95°  45'  E. 

Chinabalabaram,  t.  Hind.  Lon.  77°  55'  E.  Lat. 
13°  26'  N. 

Chinacota,  1. 12  m.  N.  E.  Pamplona. 

China  grove,  p-v.  Georgetown  district,  S.  C. 

Chinampetta,  t.  Hind.  Lon.  78°  8'  E.  Lat  9° 
41' N, 


C  H  J 

Chihapaiam,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77^  44' 
E.  Lat.  12°  39'  N. 

Ckinapatam,  the  original  name  of  Madras. 

Chinaran,  city,  Khorassan,  40  m.  N.  Muschid. 

ChineJianchi,  v.  Mexico,  10  m.  N.  Merida.  Lat. 
21°  4' N. 

Chinchilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  168  m.  S.  E. 
Madrid.  Lon.  1°  52'  VV.  Lat.  3«^  48'  N.  Pop. 
4,500. 

Chinchon,  t.  Spain,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Madrid. 

Chinchoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  on  the  road 
from  Bombay  to  Poonah. 

Chinchilla^  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Dinage- 
pore. 

Chinclepvf,  t.  and  fortress",  Hind,  and  cap.  of 
Chincleput  district.  It  is  situated  on  the  N.  E. 
hank  of  the  Palar  river,  39  m.  from  Madras.  Lon. 
79°  55'  E.  Lat.  12^  56'  N. 

Chine,  La,  v.  Lower  Canada,  on  the- island  of 
Montreal,  7  m.  above  the  city.  It  is  the  centre  of 
all  the  commerce  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada.  Here  the  boats  of  the  N.  W.  company 
commence  their  voyage  for  the  interior  country  of 
America.  It  is  intended  to  cut  a  canal  from  La 
Chine  to  Montreal,  by  which  a  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  city  will  be  opened,  and  the  diffi- 
cult passage  of  the  rapid  of  St  Louis  avoided. 

Chinnachin,  t.  Nepaul.  It  is  the  frontier  town 
towards  the  N.  W.    Lon.  81°  35'  E.  Lat.  30°  29'  iV. 

Chinnook,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  Columbia 
river  from  the  N.  near  its  mouth. 

Chinon,  t.  France,  in  Indre  and  Loire,  on  the 
Vienne.  Lon.  0°  14'  55"  W.  Lat.  47°  11'  N. 
Pop.  5,500. 

Chinradursam,  fort,  Hind,  in  Mysore.  Lon. 
78°  2'  E.  Lat;  12°  23'  N. 

Chinsura,  the  principal  Dutch  settlement  in 
Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hoogly,  24m.  above 
Calcutta.  In  1795  it  was  captured  by  the  British, 
but  has  been  lately  restored.  The  London  Socie- 
ty have  3  Missionaries  here,  and  schools  have  been 
established  on  an  extensive  scale  for  the  education 
of  the  natives.     Lon.  88«  28'  E.  Lat.  22°  52'  N. 

Chillong,  t.  Nepaul.  Lon.  85°  52'  E.  Lat.  27° 
29'  x\. 

Chios.     See  Scio. 

Chiourlic,  Turkey,  50  m.  N.  W.  Constantinople. 

Chiozza,  or  Ckioggia,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Brenta.  Pop.  20,000.  The 
town  of  Chiozza  is  on  the  island,  14  m.  S.  V'enice. 

Chipiona,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  near  the  mouth 
af  the  Guadalquivir. 

Chippenham,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  on  ihe  Avon, 
13  m.  E.  N.  E.  Bath.  Lon.  2°  8'  E.  Lat.  51°  27' 
N.     Pop.  3,410. 

Chippeivay,  or  Chcpeiri/an  Fort,  strong  post  of 
the  North-west  company '  s,  on  the  Lake  of  the  Hi  lis. 

Chippeivay,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Ni- 
agara river,  10  m.  above  Queenston,  2  above  Ni- 
agara falls.  Chippeway  creek  runs  into  the  Ni- 
agara at  this  place.  The  battle  of  Chippeway, 
July  5, 1814,  was  fought  in  the  plain  on  the  south 
side  of  this  creek. 

Chippeway,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  runs  into  the 
Mississippi  at  Lake  Pepin,  in  lon.  93°  54'  W.  lat. 
43°  45'  N.  There  is  a  short  portage  between  this 
river  and  the  Montreal,  a  water  of  Lake  Superior. 

Chippeway,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Wooster.     Pop.  in  1819,  445. 

Chippeway.'!,  or  Soteaux,  Indians,  one  of  the 
most  numerous  and  powerful  tribes  in  N.  Ameri- 
ca. About  5,700  of  them  dwell  on  Sagana 
bay,  in  Michigan  Territory ;  the  remainder  are 


C  H  I 


179 


scattej-ed  along  the  Northern  border  of  the  United 
States  to  the  Pacific.  They  maintain  a  perpetual 
war  with  the  Sioux. 

Chippiiig-JYorton,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxford,  19i  m.  N. 
W.  Oxtbrd. 

Chipping-Ongar,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  21  m.  N.  E, 
London. 

Chipping  Sodbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  1 1 
m.  N.  1-:.  Bristol. 

Chiqititos,  a  numerous  and  warlike  nation  of 
Indians,  in  S.  America.  The  territory  which  they 
inhabit  extends  from  lat.  16^  to  20°  S.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  province  of  Santa  Cruz 
de  la  Sierra,  and  on  the  east  it  extends  to  the  Para- 
guay. 

Chirac,  t.  3  m.  S.  W.  Marvejols. 

Chirambira,  point,  on  the  W.  coast  of  S.  Ameri^ 
ca,  in  lat.  4'^  15'  N. 

Chirazzo,  r.  Naples,  runs  into  the  Adriatic. 
Lon.  14°  4'  E.  Lat,  42°  42'  N. 

Chiriqui,  a  district  of  Veragua,  on  Chiriqui 
river,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  8°  10'  N. 

Chirk,  V.  Wales,  in  Denbighshire,  5*  ni.  N.  Os- 
westry. 

Ckimside,  v.  Scotland,  8i  m.  N.  W.  Berwick. 

Chisamo,  (an.  Cysamus,)  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Candia. 

Chisme,  or  Cisme,  (an.  Cysfits,)  s-p.  Anatolia,  i« 
A.  Turkey,  separated  by  a  narrow  strait  from  tlxe 
island  of  Scio.  40  m.  N.  Smyrna.  Lon.  26°  17' 
E.  Lat.  38°  24'  N. 

Chisoin,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  N,  W.  Orchies. 

Chiswell  Isles,  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  lat.  59°  31'  N.  lon.  211°  10'  E. 

Chiswick,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,, 
5  m.  W.  London. 

Chitore,  district,  Hind,  in  Ajmere,  bounded  N. 
by  Mewar,  E.  by  Harrowly,  S.  by  Jalore,  and  W. 
by  Sarowy,  in  about  25°  N.  lat.  and  between  ^4P 
and  75°  E.  lon. 

Chitore,  or  Chetor,  a  celebrated  fortress  of  Hin- 
dostan,the  capital  of  the  above  mentioned  district. 
This  fort  is  on  the  top  of  a  high  mountain,  and  is 
considered  a  place  of  great  strength. 

Chitpore,  a  village,  constituting  the  N.  part  of 
Calcutta. 

Chitpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  celebrated  for  it? 
manufacture  of  chintzes.  It  is  on  Sursutty  river, 
in  lat.  23°  45'  N.  lon.  73°  3'  E. 

Chifries,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea,  in  the 
gulf  of  Coron. 

Chiiro,  (an.  Pi/dna,)  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedo- 
nia, 36  m.  S.  E.  Edessa. 

Chitiagong,  an  extensive  district  in  the  S.  E.  of 
Bengal,  iietween  21°  and  23°  N.  lat.  bounded  E. 
by  a  range  of  mountains  which  divides  it  from  the 
Birman  empire,  and  W.  by  the  sea.  Its  produc- 
tions are  rice,  salt,  timber,  ivory,  indigo,  cotton, 
hemp,  pei)per,  coffee,  spices,  and  wild  elephants. 
The  coast  is  much  resorted  to  by  the  European  in- 
habitants of  Bengal,  on  account  of  the  sea  air  and 
bathing.  Its  chief  town  is  also  called  Chittagong, 
bnt  more  frequently  Islamabad,  which  see.  Chit- 
tagong being  a  frontier  province,  has  frequently 
changed  masters  ;  but  in  1760,  it  was  formally  ce- 
ded to  the  British,  who  have  here  a  militarv  force, 
and  a  civil  establishment.  Pop.  1,200,000:  haff 
Oi'whom  are  Mahometans,  and  half  Hindoos. 

Chittapet,  t.  India,  75  m.  S.  W.  Madra.s.  Lon. 
79°  26'  E.  Lat.  12°  25'  N. 

Chittenden,  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Champlain,  inter- 
sected by  Onjon  river.  Pop.  18.120,  Chief  town, 
Biirlinsl^oa. 


180 


C  H  O 


C  H  O 


Chittenden,  t.  Rutland  co,  Vt.  30  m.  N.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  446. 

Chiiieningo  creek,  issues  from  a  lake  in  Cazeno- 
via,  and  falls  into  Oneida  lake. 

Chittledroog,  a  celebrated  fort,  Hind,  in  My- 
sore.   Lon.  76°  29'  E.  Lat.  VP  10'  N. 

Chittor,  t.  and  fortress,  Hind.  80  m.  E.  Madras. 
It  was  ceded  to  the  British  in  1801.  Lon.  79°  10' 
E.  Lat.  13°  12' N. 

Chittra,  t.  Hind.  100  m.  S.  byW.  fi'om  Patna. 
Lon.  84°  58'  E.  Lat.  24°  14'  N. 

Chitimy,  t.  Hindostan.  Lon.  76°  12'  E.  Lat. 
10°  23'  JV. 

Chiva,  t.  Spain,  \'im.  W.  N.  W.  Valencia. 

Chiva,  a  territory  of  Independent  Tartary,  W. 
of  the  Oxus.    280  m.  E.  of  the  Caspian. 

Cfiivasso,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  11  m.  N.  E. 
Turin.     Pop.  5,450. 

Chhisano,  t.  Naples,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Benevento. 

Chiusi,  t.  Italy,  40  m.  S.  S.  E.  Florence. 

Chobar,  s-p.  of  Mekran,  in  Persia.  130  m. 
S.  W.  Kej.     Lon.  60°  3'  E.  Lat.  25°  20'  N. 

Choco,  a  province  of  New-Granada,  bordering 
on  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  bounded  N.  by  the  prov- 
ince of  Darien. 

Chocol,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  35  m.  E. 
Moorshedabad. 

Chocope,  V.  Peru,  30  m.  N.  Truxillo. 

Choctaw,  r.  rises  in  Alabama,  and  runs  across 
West  Florida  into  the  Bay  of  Roses. 

Choctaw  Agency,  Alabama,  in  the  Choctaw 
country,  4  m.  W.  Pearl  river,  120  N.  E.  Natches. 
Here  is  a  post-office. 

Choctaws,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  residing  between 
the  Tonibigbee  and  Mississippi  rivers,  principally 
in  the  state  of  Mississippi,  but  partly  in  Ala- 
bama. Their  territory  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and 
N.  E.  by  that  of  the  Chickasaws,  and  S.  by  a  line 
running  a  little  belowthe  parallel  of  32°N.  lat.  The 
number  of  the  Choctaws  is  estimated  at  20,000. 
Within  a  few  years  they  have  made  great  advan- 
ces in  civilization.  They  raise  corn,  cotton,  and 
a  great  many  cattle,  and  often  appear  clad  in  cot- 
ton garments  of  tlieir  own  manufacture. 

In  1818,  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions established  a  mission  among  these  Indians, 
which  has  been  prospered  beyond  the  most  san- 
guine expectations.  The  primary  seat  of  the 
mission  is  at  Elliot,  on  the  Yalo  Busha  creek,  30 
miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Yazoo  ;  but  an- 
other establishment  has  been  recently  made  on 
Ook-tib-be-ha  creek,  12  miles  above  its  junction 
with  the  Tombigbee. — According  to  the  latest  ac- 
counts, there  were  belonging  to  the  mission,  more 
than  200  neat  cattle ;  teams  of  oxen  and  horses, 
waggons,  ploughs,  and  other  implements  of  hus- 
bandry, suitable  for  a  large  plantation  ;  mechan- 
ical tools  for  various  arts  ;  and  all  the  varied  ap- 
paratus for  the  accommodation  of  a  family  of  100 
persons.  A  school-liouse,  a  blacksmith's  shop,  and 
numerous  other  buildings  had  been  erected,  and 
tlie  school  contained  between  70  and  80  children. 
The  Choctaws,  their  Chiefs  especially,  have  from 
the  beginning,  professed  the  most  friendly  disposi- 
'tions  towards  the  mission;  and  have  recently 
proved  their  sincerity,  by  the  most  unequivo- 
cal evidence.  At  a  treaty  held  in  1816,  they 
sold  a  portion  of  their  country  to  the  U.  S.  for 
which  they  are  to  receive  $6,000  annually,  in 
cash,  for  17  years.  The  whole  of  this  sum  they 
have  voted  to  appropriate  to  the  support  of  schools 
under  the  direction  of  the  American  Board. — See 
Elliot. 


With  a  view  to  the  instruction  of  the  Indians  ia 
the  arts  of  civilized  life,  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  has  extended  its  patronage  to 
the  mission.  The  expenses  of  erecting  a 
school-house  and  dwelling-house,  at  each  of 
the  establishments,  have  been  defrayed  from 
the  National  treasury,  and  $1,000  a  year  is  al- 
lowed to  the  establishment  at  Bramerd,  and 
$1,000  to  that  at  Elliot,  among  the  Cherokees, 
Choctaw  Trading-house,  p-v.  Alabama. 

Choczim,  t.  and  fortress  of  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
on  the  Dniester.  It  was  included  formerly  in  the 
Turkish  province  of  Moldavia  :  but  was  ceded  to 
the  Russians  in  1812.  110  m.  N.  N.  W.  Jassy. 
Lon.  26°  35'  E.  Lat.  48°  31'  N. 

Chogdah,  t.  Bengal,  40  m.  N.  Calcutta. 

Choiseul,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  E.  Langres. 

Choisy,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  Provins. 

Choisy  le  Roi,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  5  m.  S. 
Paris.     Pop.  1,200. 

Chola,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  S.  of  Mon- 
fla,  about  8°  S.  lat. 

Cholet,  or  Chollet,  t.  France,  on  the  Mayenne, 
11  m.  S.  Beaupreau.  Lon.  0°  54'  45"  W.  Lat.  47'^ 
5'N. 

Cholmogory,  t.  Russia,  noted  for  its  breed  of 
black  cattle,  30  m.  S.  Archangel. 

Cholmondeley'' s  Sound,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Prince  of  Wales'  archioelago,  in  Clarence's  strait. 
Lon.  of  the  entrance,  228°  17'  E.  Lat.  55°  15'  N. 

Cholula,  city.  New  Spain,  in  the  intendancy  of 
Puebla.  Before  the  invasion  of  the  Spaniards, 
when  the  IViexican  government  was  in  its  glory,  it 
contained  40,000  houses,  and  numerous  temples. 
The  great  temple  erected  on  an  artificial  moun- 
tain, still  remains.  80  m.  E.  Mexico.  Pop.  16,000. 
Lon.  98°  7'  45"  W.  Lat.  19°  2'  6"  N. 

Chomonchouan,  lake,  Canada,  219  m.  N.  W. 
Quebec      Lon.  75°  40'  W.  Lat.  39°  20'  N. 

Chornsk,  t.  Russia,  56  m.  E.  Brzesk. 

Chonac.     See  Schonac. 

Chonad,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Marosch,  25  m.  N. 
Temesvar. 

Chones,  r.  Quito,  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  0* 
33' S. 

Chongon,  t.  Quito,  40  m.  W.  Guayaquil. 

Chortos,  isl.  in  the  S.  Pacific,  near  the  coast  of 
Chili ;  about  it  are  a  number  of  small  islands, 
called  the  Chonos  archipelago.  Lat.  44°  to 
47' S. 

Choorhut,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  81°  48' 
E.  Lat.  24°  29'  N. 

Choper,  r.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Don,  near 
Choperskaia. 

Choptank,  a  large  navigable  river  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Maryland,  emptying  into  the  Chesa- 
peake. 

Chopunnish,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  a  branch  of 
the  Kooskooshee,  in  the  Rocky  mountains.  Lon. 
113°  W.  Lat.  46°  30'  N. 

Chopersk,  t.  Russia,  140  m.  W.  Saratov. 

Chorasan.     See  Khorasan. 

Chor-Essire,  s-p.  Persia,  on  the  Persian  gulf,  44 
m.  S.  Bushire. 

Chorley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire.  The  cotton 
manufacture  is  here  carried  on  in  its  various 
branches.  Coal,  lead,  alum,  flag  and  mill  stones 
abound  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  5,182.  208  m.  N. 
W.  London. 

Choromboros,  r.  S.  America,  runs  into  the  Rie 
Dulce,  20  m.  S.  W.  Tucuman. 

Chota,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  N.  W.  Durbunga. 


C  H  R 

Chota,  p-v.  Blount  co.  Geo.  33  m.  fr.  Milledge- 
ville. 

Choueri.     See  Cargo. 

Choug.    See  Shoggle. 

Choul,  Lower,  s-p.  aad  fort,  Hind,  in  Aurunga- 
bad.     Lon.  72°  46'  E.  Lat.  18°  36'  N. 

Choul,  Upper,  s-p.  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Aurunga- 
bad,  25  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Chowmay,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Cochin-China, 
at  the  mouth  of  Choumay  river.  Lon.  107°  57' 
E.  Lat.  16°  12'  N. 

Chouee,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  10  m.  E.  Sau- 
Hiur. 

Chowan,  r.  N.  C.  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Nottaway,  Meherrin,  and  Blackwater  rivers,  and 
falls  into  the  N.  W.  corner  of  Albemarle  sound.  It 
is  3  miles  wide  at  its  mouth. 

Chowan,  co.  in  Edenton  district,  N.  C.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Albemarle  sound.  Pop.  5,297.  Slaves, 
2,789.     Chief  town,  Edenton. 

Chowarah,  t  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  83°  13'  E. 
Lat.  26°  30'  N. 

Chowpareh,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  Indus. 
Lon.  70°  50'  E.  Lat.  32°  10'  N. 

Choiory.     See  JVicobar  Islands. 

Chowsar,  v.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  7  m.  S.  Buxar. 

Christburg,  t.  Prussia,  12  m.  S.  E.  Marienburg. 

Christchurch,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  between 
the  Avon  and  the  Stour,  100  m.  W.  S.  W.  Lon- 
don. 

Christchurch,  a  parish,  in  Charleston  district, 
S.  C. 

Christian,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Ken,  on  Cum- 
berland river.  Pop.  11,020.  Slaves,  1,766.  Chief 
town,  Hopkinsville. 

Christian  Sound,  a  large  arm  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  N.  of  Cape  Decision.  Lon.  225°  50'  E. 
Lat.  56<^  13'  N. 

Christiana,  or  Christiana-bridge,  p-t.  Newcas- 
fle  CO.  Del.  on  Christiana  creek,  12  m.  fr.  Elkton, 
9  S.  W.  Wilmington,  37  S.  W.  Philadelphia.  It 
is  the  greatest  carrying-place  between  the  navi- 
gable waters  of  the  Delaware  and  Chesapeake, 
and  drives  a  brisk  trade  with  Philadelphia,  in 
flour, 

Christiana  creek,  Del.  unites  with  the  Brandy- 
wine  below  Wilmington,  and  flows  into  the  Dela- 
ware. It  admits  vessels  of  14  feet  draught  to 
Wilmington,  and  those  of  6  feet  draught  to  Chris- 
tiana-bridge. 

Christiana,  hundred,  Newcastle  co.  Del.  Pop. 
6,698.     Slaves,  47. 

Christiana,  Great,  isl,  in  the  Grecian  archipe- 
lago, 9  m.  S.  W.  Santorini.  Lon,  25°  15'  E,  Lat. 
36°  20'  N. 

Christiania,  s-p.  Norway,  at  the  bottom  of  a 
gulf,  which  penetrates  50  miles  into  the  interior 
of  the  country.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  governor  of 
the  province  of  Aggerhuus,  of  a  supreme  court  of 
justice,  and  of  a  bishop  who  is  metropolitan  of 
Norway.  Here  are  a  military  hospital,  erected 
in  1806,  an  university,  a  military  school,  and  two 
theatres.  This  town  has  an  excellent  harbor, 
and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade,  A  great  an- 
nual fair  is  held  here  on  13th  January,  250  m. 
W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  10°  48'  45"  E.  Lat.  59°  55' 
20"  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Christ ianople,  s-p.  Sweden,  on  a  peninsula,  36 

m.  S,  W,  Calmar.    Lon.  16°  E.    Lat,  56>^  13'  N. 

Christiansand,  a  government  in  the  S,  W.  part 

of  Norway.     Christiansand,  the  capital,  is  on  the 

S.  coast,  and  was  formerly  one  of  the  stations  of 


C  H  U 


181 


the  Danish  navy.  The  island  of  Flekkeroen  forms, 
with  the  mainland,  a  road  several  miles  in  length, 
where  there  is  good  anchorage.  220  m.  N.  W. 
Copenhagen.  Lon.  8°  3'  E.  Lat.  58°  8'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Christiansborg,  a  Danish  fort,  on  the  Gold  coast 
of  Africa. 

Christiansburg,  t.  and  cap,  Montgomery  co.  Va. 
200  m.  W,  S.  W.  Richmond. 

Christians-Oe,  a  Danish  island,  in  the  Baltic, 
Lon.  14°  47'  E.  Lat.  55°  13'  N. 

Christianstadt,  i.  Sweden,  57  m,  W,  by  S,  Carls- 
crona.    Lon.  14°  9' E,    Lat.  56°  1' N.   Pop,  2,260. 

Christianstadt,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Bober,  54  m. 
N.  E.  Dresden. 

Ckristiansted,  t.  Santa  Cruz,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  island,  defended  by  a  fortress.  Lon.  63°  23' 
W.  Lat.  17°  46' N, 

Christianville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Christiansund,  s-p.  Norway,  in  Drontheim. 
Lat.  63°  6'  35"  N. 

Christinaham,  t.  Sweden,  at  the  N.  E.  extrem- 
ity of  lake  Wener,  16  m.  E.  Carlstadt.  Pop. 
2,020. 

Christinastadt,  s-p.  Finland,  Lon.  21°  9'  E. 
Lat  62°  16'  N. 

Christmas  Harbor,  a  good  and  safe  bay,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Kerguelen's  land. 

Christmas  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  15  or  20  leagues 
in  circumference.  Lon.  215°  53'  E.  Lat.  59° 
57' N. 

Christmas  Sound,  a  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ter- 
ra del  Fuego.     Lon,  70°  16'  W.  Lat.  55°  27'  S. 

Cheoma,  r.  Siberia,  falls  into  tlie  Northern 
ocean.     Lon.  139°  14'  E,  Lat,  73°  N, 

Chrudim,  a  circle  of  Bohemia.  Pop,  245,000. 
Chrudim  the  capital,  is  on  the  Chrudimka,  50  m. 
E.  Prague.  Lon.  15^  40'  E.  Lat,  49°  53'  N.  Pop. 
4,514. 

Chrudimka,  r.  Bohemia,  which  falls  into  the, 
Elbe  near  Konigingratz. 

Chuapa,  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  S.  lat,  31°  40'. 

Chucken/a,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  42  m.  S.  Islama- 
bad. 

Chuckwah,  t.  Hind.  13  m.  S.  E.  Bahar. 

Chucuito,  a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  75  miles 
long,  and  about  50  broad,  on  the  shores  of  the  great 
lake  Chucuito,  orTiticaca,  Chucuita, the  capital, 
is  in  lat,  16°  30'  S,  lon,  70°  30'  W, 

Chucuito,  or  Titicaca,  a  lake  ofS,  America,  be- 
tween the  two  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Buenos  Ayres,  It  is  240  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. There  are  several  islands  in  the 
lake,  in  the  largest  of  which  the  Incas  formerly 
had  a  magnificent  temple  dedicated  to  the  sun.  S. 
lat.  from  15°  35' to  17°  20'. 

Chudleigh,  t.  Eng,  9  m,  W.  S.  W.  Exeter. 

Ch7ilM,  a  castle  of  Bootan.  Lon.  89°  27'  E.  Lat. 
27°  20'  N. 

Chumbe,  v.  Quito,  in  Cuenca.     Lat.  3°  10'  S. 

Chunibivilcas,  t.  Peru,  90  m.  W.  Cusco. 

Chumleigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Dart, 
194m.  W.London. 

Chumperpore,  t.  Hind.  6  m.  W.  Boglipore, 

Chunar,  district.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  between 
25°  and  26°  N,  lat.  bounded  N.  by  the  Ganges. 

Chunargur,  t,  and  celebrated  fortress,  Hind,  in 
Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges,  in  lat.  25°  9'  N.  lon. 
82°  54'  E.  The  fort  is  built  on  the  top  of  a  solid 
rock,  which  projects  into  the  river.  It  was  ceded 
to  the  British  in  1763.    The  town  of  Chunar  is 


18^ 


G  I  N 


t  I  R 


east  oi  the  fort,  and  witiiin  reach  of  its  g^uns.  Near 
the  town  are  quarries  of  excellent  free  stone  for 
buildin^.  It  is  a  station  of  the  inA'alidsofthe  Brit- 
ish army,  and  the  Church  Missionary  Society 
have  schools  and  missionaries  here. 

Chu7iquen,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Cliili.  Lat.  44° 
50'  S. 

Chupparah,  t.  Hind,  in  AUaliabad,  on  Bein 
Gunga  river.     Lon.  80°  2'  E.  Lat.  22=  22'  N. 

Chuprah,  t  Hind,  in  Bahar,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Ganges.     Lon.  84°  46'  E.  Lat.  23°  46'  N. 

Chuquibamba,  t.  Peru,  cap.  of  Condesuyos  de 
Arequipa,  4  leagues  from  Camana. 

Chuquisaca.     See  Plata,  (La.) 

Church,  States  of  the.     See  States  of  the  Church. 

Church  creek,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  at  the  head 
of  Church  creek,  a  branch  of  Hudson  river,  7  m. 
S.  W,  Cambridge. 

Church  Hill,  p-v.  Queen  Anne's  co.  Md.  8  m. 
N.  E.  Centreville. 

Church  Hill,  p-v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 

Churchill,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  95° 
5'  W.  Lat.  58°  54'  N. 

Churchill  River,  N.  America,  falls  into  Hud- 
son's bay,  in  lat.  59°  N. 

Church  Strelton,  t.  Eng.  13  m.  S.  Shrewsbury. 

Church  town,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  20  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Lancaster,  50  W.  N.  W.  Philadelphia, 

Churco,  s-p.  Caramania,  20  ni.  E.  Selefke. 

Churualden,  v.  Switzerland,  5  m.  S.  E.  Caire. 

Chusistan,  province,  Persia,  bounded  N.  by 
Irak  Agemi,  E.  by  Faristan,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Per- 
sia, and  W.  by  the  Tigris. 

Chuta  Boggah,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  N.  W.  Bet- 
tiah.     Lon.  84°  26'  E.  Lat.  26°  53'  N. 

Chuttergunge,  t.  Bengal,  32  m.  S.  S.  W.  Burd- 
■wan.    Lou.  87°  38'  E.  Lat.  22°  48'  N. 

Chmcah  district,  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  between  23° 
and  24°  N.  lat.    Janagur  is  the  chief  town. 

Ciacacole,  circar.  Hind,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  between  17°  and  20°  N.  Lat.  and  ex- 
tending about  60  miles  inland.  It  belongs  to  the 
British.  Cicacole,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  83°  57' 
E.  Lat  18°  21'  N. 

Cicasica,  a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded 
E.  by  Cochabamba,  S.  E.  by  Paria  and  Oruro,  S. 
W.  Pacagcs,  and  iV.  W.  by  Omasuyos.  Pop. 
50,000.     'The  capital  is  of  the  same  name. 

Cicero,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  Lake, 
8  m.  N.  Salina,  57  W.  Utica.     Pop.  252. 

Ciechanou;  t  Poland,  40  m.  N.  Warsaw. 

Ciechanowiec,  t.  Poland,  75  m.  N.  E.  Warsaw. 

Cieux,  t.  France,  13  m.  N.  W.  Limoges. 

Cifuentes,  t.  Spain,  22  m.  S.  Siguenza. 

Cilicia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Asia  Minor, 
between  lat  36°  and  40°  N.  bounded  N.  by  Cap- 
padocia  and  Armenia,  E.  by  the  mountains  of 
Amanus,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  W.  by 
Pamphylia.  Its  chief  city  was  Tarsus.  It  now 
forms  part  of  Caramaaia. 

Cillei/,  t  Austrian  empire,  cap.  of  the  circle  of 
Cilley,  130  m.  S.  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  15°  24'  45" 
E.  Lat  46°  40'  N.    Pop.  2,100. 

Cimbrishamn,  s-p.  Sweden,  24  m.  S.  Christian- 
stadt 

Citnone,  mt.  of  the  Appennines,  nearly  7000  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Cinaloa,  formerly  a  province  of  Mexico,  but 
now  forming  the  S.  part  of  the  Intendancy  of  So- 
nora. 

Cinaloa,  t.  Mexico,  on  Cinaloa  river,  which 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  California.     Lat.  25°  50'  N. 

Cincinnati,  p-t  and  cap.  Hamilton  co.  Olaio, 


wear  the  S.  W.  comer  of  the  State,  on  the  2i.  bank 
of  Ohio  river,  20  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Great  Miami,  93  W.  by  S.  Chillicothe,  175  N, 
E.  Louisville,  102  N.  N.  E.  Frankfort,  465  below 
Pittsburg,  by  water.  Lou.  84°  27'  W.  Lat.  39°  6' 
IN'.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  in  a  pleasant  and 
healthy  situation,  and  is  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing towns  west  of  the  Alleghany  mountains.  The 
growth  of  Cincinnati  has  been  rapid,  almost  with- 
out a  pandlel.  In  1 805,  the  population  was  300 ; 
in  1810,  2,540  ;  in  1815,  it  was  estimated  at  6,500^ 
and  in  1820,  it  was  9,732.  In  1819,  it  contained  a 
court-house,  3  brick  market-houses,  4  printing- 
offices,  a  steam  flour-mill,  built  of  stone,  9  stories 
high,  a  steam  saw-mill,  1  woollen  and  4  cotton 
factories,  2  glass-houses,  and  several  other  manu- 
facturing establishments  ;  4  banks,  and  a  Lancas- 
terian  school,  and  9  or  10  houses  of  public  worship 
for  different  denominations.  The  funds  of  the 
Lancasterian  school  have  lately  been  increased  by 
a  subscription  of  30,000  dollars,  and  it  is  intended 
to  erect  it  into  a  college.  Cincinnati  is  the  most 
flourishing  commercial  town  between  Pitt'^burg 
and  New  Orleans.  About  130,000  barrels  of  flour 
were  inspected  here  during  the  year  ending  April 
1st,  1819,  and  more  than  120,000  bushels  of  salt 
imported.  A  company  has  been  recently  fonned 
for  the  purpose  of  importing  goods  directly  from 
Europe,  by  the  way  of  New  Orleans. 

Cincinnatm,  p-t  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  S.  E 
Homer,  140  W.  Albany.     Pop.  252. 

Cineji,  t.  Sicily,  20  m.  W.  Palermo. 

Cingoli,  t.  Italy,  22  m.  S.  W.  Ancona. 

Cinncroth,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Gennesareth. 

Cinqmars,  t  France,  1 1  m.  N.  W.  Tours. 

Cinque  Ports,  sea-ports  of  Eugland,  on  the 
coasts  of  Kent  and  Sussex :  viz.  Dover,  Sandwich, 
Hithe,  Romney,  Hastings,  Rye,  Winchelsea,  and 
Seaford.  Their  number  was  originally  (we  ;  ihr 
three  last  having  been  added  subsequently  to  the 
first  institution.  They  were  bound,  in  considera- 
tion of  certain  privileges,  to  furnish  a  number  ot 
vessels,  equipped  and  manned,  to  be  at  the  dispo- 
sal of  the  sovereign  in  any  emergency. 

Cintegabelle,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  Toulouse. 

Cinthiania,  p-t  Harrison  co.  Ken.  on  a  branch 
of  the  Licking  river,  13  m.  N.  Paris,  24  N.  Lexing- 
ton. Pop.  369.  It  contains  a  bank  and  an  acade- 
my. 

Cintra,  or  Sinlra,  v.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura. 
It  is  chosen  by  the  nobility  and  English  residents 
in  Lisbon  for  a  summer  retreat.  15  m.  N.  W, 
Lisbon. 

Cintruenigo,  t  Spain,  9  m.  N.  W.  Cascante. 

dotal.  La,  9-p.  France,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
It  has  a  good  harbour.  The  neighbourhood  is  fam- 
ed for  excelleut  muscadel  wine,  which  forms,  with 
oil  and  fruit,  the  chief  object  of  exportation.  12 
m.  S.  E.  Marseilles,  16  W.  Toulon. 

Cipieres,  t  France,  in  Var.  10  m.  N.  Grasse. 

Cira,  t  Sardinia,  32  m.  N.  E.  Cagliari. 

Circars,  Northern,  an  extensive  province  of 
Hindostan,  60  miles  broad,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  between  13°  and  20°  N.  lat.  boun- 
ded S.  E.  by  the  sea,  N.  by  Cuttack,  and  S.  by  the 
Carnatic.  It  was  divided  into  five  districts,  or  cir- 
cars, viz.  Guntoor,  Condapilly,  Eilore,  Rajamun- 
dry,  and  Cicacole.  The  country  is  very  fertile, 
and  produces  all  kinds  of  grain,  tobacco,  sugar, 
and  cotton.  The  manufactures  are  salt,  muslin?, 
chintzes,  calicoes,  and  other  goods.  Pop.  2,500,000, 
the  greater  part  of  whom  are  Hindoos.  Tiiis 
country  was  ceded  to  the  British  in  1765,  who' 


C  I  T 

have  divided  it  into  five  districts  or  collectorships, 
over  each  of  which  presides  a  European  collec- 
tor, judge,  &c. 

Circassia,  a  country  of  Asia,  occupying  a  great 
part  of  the  territory  between  the  Black  and  the 
Caspian  seas.  It  is  on  the  N.  declivity  of  the  Cau- 
casian mountains,  and  bounded  N.  by  the  rivers 
Terak  and  Cuban.  The  limits  of  this  country 
are  very  ill  defined.  The  territory  so  designated, 
is  actually  filled  with  a  multitude  of  small,  inde- 
pendent, and  hostile  tribes.  They  acknowledge  a 
species  of  vassalage  to  Russia,  but  they  neither 
pay  tribute  nor  perform  military  service ;  and 
even  indulge  in  regular  plundering  excursions 
into  the  Russian  territories.  The  men  are  tall, 
and  of  an  athletic,  though  slender  form ;  their 
features  are  expressive,  their  air  haughty  and 
martial.  The  beauty  of  the  females  has  been 
long  celebrated  throughout  Europe ;  and  Circas- 
sian captives  are  considered  as  the  brightest  orna- 
ments of  an  eastern  seraglio. 

Circello,  or  Monte  Circello,  a  promontory,  Italy, 
in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  28  m.  W.  Gaeta,  50 
S.  E.  Rome. 

Circleville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Scioto,  26  m.  S.  Columbus,  19 
N.  CliiUicothe.  Lon.  81 «  W.  Lat.  39°  36'  N.  It 
is  situated  on  two  mounds  of  earth,  one  circular, 
the  other  square  ;  the  areas  of  which,  together, 
contain  nearly  20  acres.  The  town  is  built  prin- 
cipally on  the  circular  mound,  and  hence  derives 
its  name.  The  adjacent  country  consists  of  rich 
and  fertile  lands. 

Cirella,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  8  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Scalea.    Lon.  15°  55'  E.  Lat.  39°  48'  N. 

Cirencester,  or  Ciceter,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in 
Gloucestershire,  on  the  Churn,  89  m.  N.  W.  Lon- 
don, 17  S.  E.  Gloucester.  Lon.  2°  W.  Lat.  51° 
44'  N.     Pop.  4,540. 

Cirie,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Doria,  8  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Turin.     Pop.  3,470. 

Cirignola,  La,  t.  Naples,  30  m.  E.  S.  E.  Lu- 
ce ra. 

Giro,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  22  m.  N.  N. 
E.  St.  Severina. 

Cismar,  t.  Holstein,  17  m.  N.  Travemunde. 

Cismone,  t.  Venetian  territory,  at  the  junction 
©f  the  Cismone  and  Brenta,  24  m.  N.  W.  Tre- 
vigio.  • 

Cistema,  t.  of  the  Popedom,  9  m.  N.  E.  Nettuno. 

Citadella,  t.  Venetian  territory,  19  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Padua.     Pop.  6,000. 

Citemix,  or  Cisleaux,  t.  France,  3  m.  E.  Nuits. 

Citluc,  t.  Dalraatia,  12  m.  N.  Narenza. 

Citladella.     See  Ciudadella. 

Citta  Ducale,  t.  Naples,  18  m.  W.  Aquila. 

Citta  J^'ova,  or  JVaoia,  t.  Ecclesiastical  State,  6 
m.  S.  Loretto. 

Citta  Jiuova,  maritime  t.  Istria,  60  m.  E.  Ven- 
ice.    Lon.  13°  20'  E.  Lat.  45°  35'  N. 

Citta  delta  Pieve,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  69  m. 
N.  Rome. 

Cilta  Vecchia.     See  Malta. 

Citta  Fittoriosa,  or  Borgo  di  St.  Angela,  a  for- 
tified t.  Malta,  on  a  narrow  neck  of  land  with 
a  strong  citadel.  It  is  sometimes  considered  as 
a  suburb  of  La  Valetla. 

City-point,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  in  Bermuda 
hundred,  Prince  George  co.  Va.  on  James  river, 
20  m.  below  Richraoud,  12  E.  Petersburg,  100 
above  Hampton  roads.  Lon  77°  31'  30"  W.  Lat. 
37°  16'  N.    Vessels  ef  burden  lie  at  this  place  to 


G  L  A 


183 


load,  and  receive  the  goods  from  Richmond  in 
boats. 

Civatella,  t.  and  duchy,  Naples,  3^1  m.  N.  by  W. 
Aquila. 

Cnida  delta,  or  Jamna,  t.  Minorca,  on  the  N.W. 
coast,  about  30  m.  fr.  Port  Mahon. 

Ciudad,  or  Cividad  Rodrigo,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon, 
on  the  Agueda.  It  is  a  barrier  fort  on  the  side  of 
Portugal.  On  10th  of  July,  1810,  it  surrendered 
to  tlie  French,  and  continued  in  their  possession 
till  19th  January,  1812,  Avhen  it  was  taken  by 
storm  by  the  British  under  lord  Wellington,  after 
a  siege  of  11  days.  30  m.  E.  by  N.  Coimbra,  43 
S.  S.  W.  Salamanca,  1 10  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  6°  33' 
W.  Lat.  40°  52'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ciudad  Real.     See  C/iiapa. 

Ciudad  Real,  i.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  cap.  of 
La  Mancha;  long  noted  for  its  manufacture  oS 
glove  leather.  57  m.  S.  Toledo.  Lon.  4°  3'  W. 
Lat.  39°  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Civeaux,  v.  France,  in  Vienna,  8  m.  W.  Mont- 
morillon. 

Cividad  del  Friuli,  (an.  Forum  Julium,)  t.  Ve- 
netian territory,  on  the  Natisone,  10  m.  N,  E. 
Udine.     Pop.  4,000. 

Citita  Borella,  t.  Naples,  50  m.  N-  Capua. 

Civita  Castellana,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  24  m. 
N.  Rome. 

Civita  Ducale,  or  Reale,  t.  Naples,  13  m.  N.  W^. 
Aquila. 

Civita  Lavinia,  t.  Ecclesiastical  States,  4  m.  fr. 
Veletri. 

Civita  Luparella,  t.  Naples,  2  m.  N.  Civita  Bo- 
rello. 

Civita  Mandonia,  s-p.  Naples,  15  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Bisignano.     Lon.  16°  30'  E.  Lat.  39°  52'  N. 

Civita  Vecchia,  s-p.  Italy,  States  of  the  Church, 
and  next  to  Ancona  in  commercial  importance ; 
35  m.  N.  E.  Castro,  38  N.  W.  Rome.  Lon.  11° 
44'  45"  E.  Lat.  42°  5'  24"  N. 

Civray,  t.  France,  25  m.  S.  Poitiers. 

Clackamns,  r.  Columbia-ri\er  country,  joins 
tlie  Wallaumut. 

Clackmannan,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  S.  E.  by 
Fife,  S.  and  S.  W.  by  the  river  Forth,  N.  and  E. 
by  the  county  of  Perth.  It  contains  48  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  12,010.  Famihes  2,781,  of 
which  number  280  are  engaged  in  agriculture, 
and  893  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Clackmannan,  t.  Scotland,  in  Clackmannan  cd. 
2  m.  E.Alloa.     Pop.  3,605. 

Clagevfurt,  i.  Austrian  empire,  cap.  of  the 
circle  of  Clagenfurt,  on  the  Glan,  2  miles  E.  of 
the  lake  of  Wortli.  Pop.  10,000.  50  m.  N. 
Trieste,  32  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon,  14°  20'  E.  Lat. 
46°  37'  10"  N. 

Claggon  Bay,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Gal- 
way.     Claggcn  Point,  its  cape,  is  in  lat.  53°  34'  N. 

Clairac,  \.  France,  5  m.  S.  E.  Tonneins.  Pop. 
5,900. 

Clairborne,  co.  Mississippi,  on  the  Mississippi, 
Pop.  in  1816,  3,506.  Sla\es,  1,790.  Chief  town. 
Port  Gibson. 

Clairborne,  co.  E.  Tennessee,  on  Clinch  river. 
Pop.  4,798.     Slaves,  327.     Chief  town,  Tazewell. 

Clairborne.     See  Fort  Clairborne. 

Clamicy,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Yonnp 
andBeuvron,  18  m.  S.  Auxerre.     Pop.  5,250. 

Clara  Elf.     See  Gotha  Elf. 

Claratumba,  t.  Poland,  4  rn.  E.  Cracow. 

Clare,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour,  56  m.  N/ 
N.E.London.     Pop.  1.170. 


184 


C  L  A 


Clare,  co.  Ireland,  in  the  province  of  Munster, 
separated  by  the  Shannon  from  the  county  of  Lim- 
erick on  the  S.  E.  the  Atlantic  ocean  encompasses 
it  on  the  W.  the  bay  of  Galway  bounds  it  on  the 
N.  and  the  counties  of  Galway  and  Tipperary  on 
the  E.     Pop.  100,000.     Ennis  is  the  capital. 

Clare,  v.  Ireland,  17  m.  N.  W.  Limerick. 

Clare,  isl.  Ireland.  Lon.  9°  23'  W.  Lat  51° 
21' N. 

Claremont,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  opposite  Windsor,  Vt.  1 1  m.  N.  Charles- 
town,  24  S.  Dartmouth  College.     Pop.  2,094. 

Claremont,  co.  in  Sumpter  district,  S.  C.  Chief 
town,  Statesburg. 

Clarence,  or  Willinck,  p-t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Tonnewanta  creek,  E.  of  Buffalo.     Pop.  1,331. 

Clarence'' s,  (Duke  of,)  Slraif,  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America,  between  Duke  of  York's  islands,  the 
continent  and  the  isles  of  Gravina  on  the  E.  and 
Prince  of  Wales  .Archipelago  on  the  W. 

Clarendon,  v.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  77  m.  W.  London, 
3  N.  E.  Salisbury. 

Clarendon,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  28  m.  W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1.798. 

Claret,  t.  France,  20  m.  N.  Montpelier. 

Claret,  t.  France,  1 1  m.  N.  Sisteron. 

Claritza,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  20  m.  E.  Larissa. 
Lon.  22°  54'  E.  Lat.  39°  45'  N. 

Clarke,  co.  Geo.  in  the  Western  district,  boun- 
ded N.  W.  by  Jackson,  S.  W.  by  Apalachie  river, 
and  N.  E.  by  the  Oconee.  Chief  towns,  Athens 
and  Watkinsville.     Pop.  7,628.     Slaves,  2,594. 

Clarke,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Tombigbee.     Chief  town,  Woodstown. 

Clarke,  cb.  Ken.  Pop.  11,519.  Slaves,  2,934. 
Chief  town,  Winchester. 

Clarke,  co.  Ohio,  formed  in  1818,  from  Cham- 
paign and  Green  counties.  Chief  town,  Spring- 
field.    Pop.  in  1819,  8,065. 

Clarke,  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Ohio.  Fop.  in  1815, 
7,000.     Chief  town,  Charleston. 

Clarke,  t  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

Clarke,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.  Wihning- 
ton. 

Clarke,  co.  Illinois,  bordering  on  Indiana. 

Clarkesborough,  p-t.  Jackson  co.  Geo.  on  a  fork 
of  Oconee  river,  10  m.  S.  Jefferson. 

Clarkesfmrg,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  33  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Lenox,  125  W.  Boston.     Pop.  231. 

Clarkesburg,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  29  m.  fr. 
Washington. 

Clarkesburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Va.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Monongahela,  40  m.  W.  Mor- 
gan town. 

Clarkesburg,  t  Ross  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  W. 
Chillicothe. 

Clarke'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa, 

Clarke'' s  Fork,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  rises  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  falls  into 
the  Yellow  Stone,  in  lat.  45°  35'  N. 

Clarke'' s  river,  Columbia  River  country,  rises  in 
the  Rocky  mountains,  and  after  a  course  of  about 
900  miles,  joins  the  Columbia,  600  miles  above  its 
mouth. 

Clarkestown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Hudson,  38  m.  above  New- York.  Pop. 
1,996. 

Clarkesville,  p-t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

Clarkestille,  t  Mississippi,  on  the  Mississippi,  30 
m.  above  Natches. 

Clarkesville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 
on  the  N.  side  of  Cumberland  river,  30  m.  below 
Nashville.     Lon.  SS^"  57'  W.  Lat.  36°  25'  N. 


CLE 

Clarkesville,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  W.  Wil- 
mington. 

Clarkesville,  t.  Clarke  co.  Indiana,  at  the  foot  of 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  opposite  Louisville,  Ken.  It 
has  a  safe  harbour  for  boats,  and  was  settled  in 
1783,  but  contains  only  about  40  houses. 

Clan/,  t.  France,  11  m.  S.  E.  Cambray. 

Clatsops,  a  nation  of  Indians,  about  1,300  in 
number,  who  reside  on  the  S.  side  of  Columbia 
river,  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Clatt,  v.  Scotland,  10  m.  S.  Huntly. 

Clauda,  in  Sac.  Geog.  see  Gozzo. 

Claveland,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  147°  15'  E.  Lat.  19°  S. 

Claverack,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  3  m.  E.  Hud- 
son. Pop.  3,593.  It  has  a  very  rich  soil,  and  the 
inhabitants  are  wealthy  farmers.  The  village  is 
on  Claverack  creek,  which  falls  into  Kinderhook 
creek,  1  mile  from  the  Hudson. 

Clavij'o,  V.  Spain,  6  m.  fr.  Logrono. 

Clausen  am  Eisach,  t.  Tyrol,  9  m.  S.  W.  Brixen. 

Clausenimrg,  t.  cap.of  Transylvania,  and  of  Clau- 
senburg  co.  on  the  Little  Szamos,  surrounded 
on  all  sides  by  lofty  mountains.  Pop.  in  1797, 
14,522.  145  m.  N.  N.  E.  Belgrade,  225  E.  S.  E. 
Vienna.     Lon.  23^  34' 43"  E.  lat.  46°  44'  8"  N. 

Clausnitz,  t.  Saxony,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Freyberg. 

Clausthal,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  Upper  Ilartz. 
Here  is  the  silver  mint  for  that  part  of  the  Hartz 
which  belongs  to  Hanover.  The  inhabitans,  who 
amount  to  8,000,  are  almost  all  miners.  25  m.  N. 
E.  Nordheim.     Lon.  10°  20'  E.  Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Clay,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk.  Here  are  extensive 
salt-works.     Pop.  595.     123  m.  N.  E.  London. 

Clay,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  2,398<  Slaves  141.  Chief 
town,  Manchester. 

Claye,  t.  France,  15  m.  E.  Paris. 

Clay  ponds,  place  on  Cape  Cod,  Mass.  on  which 
a  light-house  is  erected,  about  200  feet  high. 

Claysville,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

Clayton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  S.  W.  Brad- 
ford.    Pop.  2,469. 

Clayton,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  E.  Somerset. 

Clayton's  store,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Clear,  Cape,  Ireland,  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Clear.     Lon.  9°  24'  W.  Lat,  51°  19'  N. 

Clear  creek,  Ohio,  empties  into  the  Miami  from 
the  E.  below  Franklin. 

Clear  creek,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Lancaster. 

Clear  creek,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

Clearfield,  co.  in  the  centi-al  part  of  Pa.  on  a  creek 
which  runs  into  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehan- 
nah.    Pop.  875. 

Clearfield,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa.     Pop.  875. 

Clearfield,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  228. 

Clecy,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  Falaise. 

Cledagh,  the  name  of  several  rivers  in  Wales. 
Of  these,  one  falls  into  the  Usk,  in  Monmouthshire  ; 
another  into  the  Neath,  in  Glamorganshire;  anoth- 
er into  the  Muthvey,  in  Caermarthenshire  ;  and 
another  into  the  Clethy,  in  Pembrokeshire. 

Cleden,  i.  France,  6  m.  W.  Pontcroix. 

Cleden,  t.  France,  5  m.  S.  W.  Carhaix.    • 

Clees,  Les,  t.  Switzerland,  8  m.  S.  W.  Yverduh. 

Clcgnerec,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  11m.  N.  W. 
Pontivy.     Pop.  4,000. 

Clense,  t.  Hanover,  30  m.  S.  E.  Luneburg. 

Cleobury,  or  Cleobury  Mortimer,  t.  Eng.  in  Shrop- 
shire, on  the  Teme.  Pop.  1,582.  7  m.  S.  W. 
Tenbury. 

Clerke's  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
190°  30'  E.  Lat.  63°  15'  N. 


C  L  I 

Clerkc's  Rocks,  a  cluster  of  rocky  islets  in  the 
\tlautic  ocean,  about  37  nx-  S.  E.  of  the  island  of 
Georgia.     Lat.  55°  S. 

Clermont,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome.  The  ca- 
thedral, which  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  France.  The  commerce  of  this 
place  is  considerable  ;  it  is  the  entrepot  of  the 
greatest  part  of  the- trade  carried  on  between  the 
S.  W.  part  of  France  and  Paris,  as  well  as  that 
carried  on  between  Lyons  and  Bourdcaux.  From 
it  likewise  several  neigfhbouring  departments  re- 
ceive the  greatest  pax't  of  their  imports.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  paper,  hats,  leather,  potter)^, 
linen,  serge,  ratteens,  druggets,  and  other  woollen 
stuffs.  50  m.  S.  Moulins,  78  W.  Lyons,  232  S.  Pa- 
ris.    Lon.  3°  5'  E.  Lat.  45°  46'  N. 

Clermont,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Agen. 

Clerrmmt,  v.  France,  12  m.  N.  Grenoble. 

Clermont,  t.  Savoy,  25  m.  N.  Chamberry. 

Clermont,  v.  France,  8  m.  from  Limoux. 

Clermont,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  S.  W.  Verdun. 

Clermont,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
15  m.  below  Hudson,  45  below  Albany.  Pop. 
1,090.  The  elegant  country-seat  of  the  late  Rob- 
ert R.  Livingston  is  in  this  town. 

Clermont,  co.  S.  W.  part  of  Ohio,  on  Oliio  river. 
Pop.  in  1815,  12,240.  Chief  town,  Williams- 
burg. 

Clermont  en  Beauvaisis,  L  France,  38  m,  N. 
Paris.     Pop,  2,100. 

Clermont  Lodeve,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  Montpe- 
iier.     Pop.  5,430. 

Clethy,  r.  Wales,  which  joins  the  Dungledy,  4 
m.  N.  Pembroke. 

Cleveland,  a  district,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the 
borders  of  Durham. 

Cleveland,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  at 
the  mouth  of  Cuyahoga  river,  on  Lake  Erie,  54  m. 
N.  W.  Warren,  150  N.  E.  Columbus,  60  E.  San- 
dusky, 180  W.  Buffalo,  131  N.  W.  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
Lon.  81°  46'  W.  Lat.  41°  31'  N.  It  has  a  bank.  It 
is  favourably  situated  for  trade,  and  is  one  of  the 
principal  places  of  embarkation  on  the  Lake. 

Cleves,  formerly  a  duchy  in  the  circle  of  West- 
phalia, on  the  frontier  of  Holland,  lying  on  both 
sides  of  the  Rhine,  and  containing  880  square 
miles,  with  a  population  of  125,000,  and  yields 
a  yearly  revenue  of  more  than  200,000/.  ster- 
ling. It  now  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Ju- 
liers-Cleves-Berg,  which  belongs  to  the  king  of 
Prussia. 

Cleves,  or  Cleve,  the  capital  of  the  district  of 
Cleves,  in  the  province  of  Juliers-Cleves-Berg, 
is  pleasantly  situated,  about  2J  miles  from  the 
Rhine,  (with  which  it  has  communication  by  a 
canal,)  and  nearly  8  mile?  from  the  Maese.  12m. 
S.  E.  Nimeguen,  65  N.  W.  Cologne,  70  S.  E.  Am- 
sterdam. Lon.  6°  7'  6"  E.  Lat.  51°  47'  40"  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Cleves,  t  King  George's  co.  Va.  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock, 2  m.  N.  Port  Royal. 

Cleves,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  at  the  N.  bend  of 
the  Ohio,  16  m.  W.  Cincinnati. 

Clew  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lat.  53° 
49' N. 

Clifford,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  675. 

Clifton,  V.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  1  m.  W. 
Bristol.  It  can  scarcely  be  exceeded  in  romantic 
scenery.     Pop.  in  1811,  6,981. 

Clifton,  t.  Eng.  5  m.  !V.  Manchester. 

Clifton,  V.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  in  lat.  53°  27' 32" 
N.  Ion.  1°  12' 23"  W. 


C  L  I 


185 


Clifton,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  head  waters  of  the  St  Francis. 

Clinch,  r.  Ten.  rises  in  Virginia,  and  running  S. 
W.  into  Tennessee,  unites  with  the  Holston  at 
Kingston,  to  form  the  Tennessee.  It  is  navigable 
for  Isoats  200  miles. 

Clinch  mountain,  Ten.  divides  the  waters  oi' 
Clinch  and  Holston  rivers. 

Clingen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of 
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  on  the  Elbe. 

Clinovo,  or  Kliuno,  t.  Turkish  Dalmatia,  30  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Spalatro. 

Clinton,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada. 

Clinton,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake, 
Ontario. 

Clinton,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  26  m.  N. 
Augusta.     Pop.  1,050. 

Clinton,  CO.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  N.  Y.  bounded 
N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  lake  Champlain,  S.  by  Essex 
CO.  and  W,  by  Franklin  co.  Pop.  8,032.  Chief 
town,  Plattsburg. 

Clinton,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson 
river,  below  Hudson.  Pop.  5,494.  It  contains  3 
post-villages,  Staatsberg,  Pleasant  \'alley,  aui 
Hyde-park,  and  8  houses  of  public  worship,  3  for 
Quakers,  2  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Dutch  Re- 
formed, 1  for  Baptists,  1  for  Episcopalians ;  and 
has  many  manufactures. 

Clinton,  p-v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  in  the  N  part  of 
the  township  of  Paris,  pleasantly  situated  on  Oris- 
kany  creek,  9  m.  W.  S.  W.  Utica,  109  W.  N.  W. 
Albany. 

Hamilton  college,  near  this  village,  was  incor- 
porated in  1812,  and  has  been  liberally  patronized 
by  the  legislature,  and  by  individuals.  It  has  a 
president,  and  3  professors,  viz.  1  of  languages,  1 
of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy,  and  1  of 
chemistry ;  2  tutors ;  a  library  of  about  2,000 
volumes;  and,  in  1816,  69  students.  The  college 
buildings  are  about  a  mile  west  of  the  village,  on 
a  high  hill,  commanding  a  very  extensive  pros- 
pect. They  consist  of  an  elegant  stbne  edifice,  4 
stories  high,  containing  32  rooms  for  students,  and 
another  3  stories,  containing  a  chapel,  library 
room,  and  laboratory.  The  number  of  students 
is  fast  increasing,  and  in  1820  the  trustees  peti- 
tioned the  legislature  for  a  grant  to  enable  them  to 
erect  a  new  building  for  their  accommodation, 
and  for  assistance  in  completing  the  chemical  and 
philosophical  apparatus. 

Clinton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jones  co.  Geo.  20  m.  W. 
Milledgeville. 

Clinton,  p-t.  Anderson  co.  Ten.  on  the  N.  side 
of  Clinch  river,  N.  W.  Knoxville. 

Clinton,  co.  Ohio,  between  Warren  and  Fay- 
ette counties.  Pop.  in  1815,  4,600.  Chief  town, 
Wilmington. 

Clinton,  p-t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  on  Owl  creek,  li 
m.  N.  W.  Mount  Vernon,  44  N.  E.  Columbus. 

Clinton,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  N.  Colum- 
bus.    Pop.  in  1819,  500. 

Clinton,  t.  .Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

Clintonrille,  p-v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Clissa,  V.  Dalmatia,  10  m.  N.  Spalatro. 

Clisson,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Loire,  13  m.  S.  E 
Nantes.     Lon.  1°  12'  W.  Lat.  47°  3'  N. 

Clitch,  ibl.  in  the  E.  Indian  ocean.  Lon.  117°  1' 
E.  Lat.  8°  9'  S. 

Clithero,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  31  m.  N.  Man- 
chester. 

Clivegir,  t.  Eng.  ia  Lancashire,  3  va.  S.  E.  Burn- 
ley. 


24 


186 


C  O  A 


Cloche,  La,  a  small  isl.  in  lake  Huron.  Lon. 
81°  48'  W.  Lat.  45°  43'  N. 

Clockville,  p-v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Clodagh,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Lough 
Erne,  8  m.  S.  Enniskillen. 

Clody,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Bann,  3 
m.  S.  Kilrea. 

Clogher,  v.  Ireland,  in  Tyrone  co.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  70  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  7<^ 
5'  W.  Lat.  54°  25'  N. 

Clogher  Head,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  6°  12'  W.  Lat.  53°  47'  N. 

Clolugh,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Suir,  7 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Waterford. 

ClonakiUy,  t.  Ireland,  20  m.  S.  W.  Cork. 

Clonard,  v.  Ireland,  11  m.  S.  S.  W.  Trim. 

Clones,  t.  Ireland,  10  m.  S.  W,  Monaghan. 

Clonfert,  v.  Ireland,  36  m.  E.  Galway. 

Clonmell,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  Suir,  which  is  navi- 
gable to  Waterford,  22  m.  W.  N.  W.  Waterford. 
Lon.  7°  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  14'  N. 

Clonmess,  isl.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  25 
m.  N.  W.  Londonderry. 

Clonmines,  t.  Ireland.  15  m.  S.  W.  Wexford. 

Clontare,  v.  Ireland,  2\  m.  N.  E.  from  the  castle 
of  Dublin. 

Closter-Seven,  t.  Germany,  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bre- 
men. 

Chten,  V.  Switz.  5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Zurich. 

Clova.     See  Cortachy  and  Clova. 

Clocer-dale,  p-v.  Botetourt  co.  Va. 

Clover-garden,  p-v.  Chatliam  co.  N.  C. 

Cloughmills,  p-v.  Laurens  co.  S.  C 

Clowey,  lake,  N.  America.  Lon.  106°  15'  W. 
Lat.  62°  20'  N.  It  communicates,  by  Clowey 
river,  with  Slave  lake. 

Cloyne,  t.  Ireland,  12  m.  E.  Cork.  It  is  a  bish- 
op's see. 

Cluden,  or  Cairn,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Nith,  3  m.  N.  Dumfries. 

Clugny,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean.  Lon.  68°  40' 
E.  Lat.  48°  46'  S. 

Cluny,  or  Clugni,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  46  m.  N.  N.  W.  Lyons.  Lon.  4°  40'  E. 
Lat.  46'°  26'  N.     Pop.  4,200. 

Clus,  t.  Switz.  10  m.  N.  E.  Soleure. 

Cluse,  La,  t.  Savoy,  23  m.  S.  E.  Geneva. 

Clusone,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  N.  E.  Bergamo. 

Clwyd,  r.  Wale?,  in  Denbighshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Irish  sea,  6  m.  below  St.  Asaph. 

Clybea,  v.  Africa,  42  m.  E.  Tunis. 

Clyde,  r.  Scotland,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  La- 
narkshire, and  passing  by  Lanark,  Hamilton,  Glas- 
gow, Renfrew,  Dumbarton,  &;c.  forms  an  arm  of 
the  sea,  called  the  frith  of  Clyde.  It  is  navigable 
to  Glasgow. 

Clyde,  r.  Vt.  runs  into  lake  Memphramagog,  in 
Derby. 

Clydesdale.     See  Lanark. 

Clythness,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  coast  of  Caith- 
ness."   Lon.  3°  18'  W.  Lat.  58°  20'  N. 

Coa,  r.  Portugal,  which  falls  into  the  Duero,  12 
m.  S.  St.  Joanno  de  Pesquiera. 

Coa,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  'Lon.  121°  51'  E. 
Lat.  8°  50'  S. 

Coalmines,  p-v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 
Coalsmouth,  p-v.  Kanhawa  co.  Va. 
.    Coanama,  r.  Guiana,  AvJiich  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic.   Lon.  54°  W.  Lat.  5°  35'  N. 

CoaTiawini,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic.    Lon.  51°  56'  W.  Lat.  2°  55'  N. 

Coango,  r.  W.  Africa,  and  one  of  the  principal 
tributaries  to  the  Congo  or  Zaire. 


c  o  c 

Coanza,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic.    Lon.  13°  20'  E.  Lat.  9°  30'  S. 

Coari,  or  Carori,  r.  S.  America,  which  falls  into 
the  Amazons  in  about  4°  5'  S.  lat. 

Coasina,  t.  Corsica,  22  m.  N.  Porto  Vecchia. 

Coast,  Cape.     See  Cape  Coast. 

Coatesville,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Coatlan,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean.    Lat.  15°  12'  N. 

Coavo,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
ocean.     Lat.  8°  40'  S. 

Coautla,  t.  New  Spain,  75  m.  S.  Mexico. 

Coba^ua,  isl.  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  S.  America.  Lon.  64°  26'  W.  Lat.  10° 
50'  N. 

Cohan.    See  Vera  Paz. 

Cobbe,  t.  Africa,  in  Darfur ;  a  place  of  conside- 
rable commerce.  Pop.  6,000.  Lon.  28°  8'  E. 
Lat.  14°  11' N. 

Cobbesseconte,  r.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  is  formed 
of  two  branches,  which  unite  in  Gardiner,  and 
falls  into  the  Kennebec. 

Cobelskill,  or  Cobuskill,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Cobus  creek,  7  m.  W.  Schoharie,  35  fr.  Alba- 
ny.    Pop.  2,494. 

Cobham,  t.  Surry  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  bank  of 
James  river,  opposite  Jamestown,  8  or  9  m.  S.W. 
Williamsburg. 

Cobi,  an  immense  desert,  in  Chinese  Tartary, 
lying  N.  W.  of  China  proper.  The  Chinese  call 
it  Chamo  or  Shamo.  Its  dimensions  are  variously 
estimated,  but  it  is  at  least  300  miles  long,  and 
300  broad,  and  consists  of  vast  plains  of  sand, 
sometimes  moveable,  and  sometimes  firm. 

Cobijah,  s-p.  Peru,  near  Atacama.  Lat.  22° 
25'  S. 

Coblentz,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  cap.  of  the 
province  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and  the  former 
capital  of  the  electorate  of  Treves,  stands  in  a 
delightful  country,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Rhine 
and  Moselle,  opposite  the  fortress  of  Ehrenbreit- 
stein.  The  situation  of  the  place  is  highly  fa- 
vourable for  trade,  as  it  has  direct  communication 
with  France  by  the  Moselle,  and  with  Germany 
and  Switzerland  by  the  Rhine.  36  m.  N.  W. 
Mentz,  48  S.  E.  Cologne,  54  N.  E.  Treves.  Lon. 
7°  33'  E.  Lat.  50°  22'  N. 

Coblentz,  t.  Switz.  10  m.  N.  N.  W.  Baden. 

Cobra  River.     See  Ancober. 

Cobre,  El,  t.  Cuba,  10  m.  W.  St.  Jago. 

Cobscook,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine. 

Coburg,  or  Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld,  a  duchy,  com- 
posed of  detached  territories,  the  largest  of  which 
lies  in  the  centre  of  Germany,  and  is  bounded  by 
Bavaria  on  the  S.  and  on  all  other  sides  by 
Schwarzburg,  and  other  Saxon  ducal  possessions, 
and  the  principalities  of  Schwarzburg.  Since 
1816,  it  has  been  composed  of  the  principality  of 
Coburg,  the  principality  of  Saalfeld  (or  the  Saal- 
feld  portion  of  Altenburg),  the  bailiwick  of  The- 
mar,  and  a  district  in  the  former  department  of 
Sarre,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Rhine ;  the  whole 
containing  572  sq.  miles.  Pop.  80,012.  The  in- 
habitants are  generally  Lutherans. 

Coburg,  the  capital  of  the  foregoing  duchy,  is 
on  the  Itz  or  Itsch.  It  is  the  ordinary  residence 
of  the  duke,  and  has  a  celebrated  academy.  23 
m.  N.  Bamberg,  40  S.  S.  W.  Weimar,  100  E.  N. 
E.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  Lon.  10°  58'  E. 
Lat.  50°  15'  18"  N. 

Coca,  t.  Spain,  22  m.  N.  W.  Segovia. 
Coca,  r.   S.  America,  in  Quito,  formed  by  the 
different  streams  which  rise  in  the  mountain  des- 


c  o  c 


COG 


187 


ert  of  Cotopaxi.  It  holds  for  a  great  extent,  on  a 
parallel  course  with  the  Nato,  into  which  it  falls 
about  200  leagues  before  its  junction  with  the 
Amazon. 

Cocconato,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  N.  Asti. 

Cocha,  two  settlements,  Peru  ;  and  one,  Quito. 

Cochabamba,  province,  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Andes,  S.  E.  by  Misque,  S.  by  Charcas, 
S.  W.  by  Oruro,  W.  and  N.  W.  by  Cicasica.  It 
is  small,  but  wonderfully  fertile,  producing  grain 
and  sugar  in  abundance.  The  inhabitants  are 
active  and  industrious,  and  during  the  late  wars 
in  Europe,  supplied  the  whole  interior  with  glass 
and  cotton  manufactures.  Sq.  miles,  3,400.  Pop. 
100,000. 

Cache,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic.  Lon.  64°  W.  Lat. 
10°  45'  N. 

Cocheco,  or  Dover  river,  N.  H.  runs  into  tlie  Pis- 
cataqua,  4  m.  below  Dover. 

Cocheim,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Moselle,  27  m.  S. 
W.  Coblentz.     Lon.  7°  7'  E.  Lat.  50°  12'  N. 

Cochin,  a  small  province  of  India,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  peninsula,  bounded  N.  by  Calicut,  E. 
by  Dindigul,  S.  by  Travancore,  and  W.  by  the 
sea.  Its  chief  products  are  rice,  pepper,  cocoa 
nuts,  and  teak  timber.  The  rajah  is  under  the 
protection  of  the  British. 

Cochin,  s-p.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  Cochin,  is  on  an 
island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cali  Coylang  river.  It 
was  founded  by  the  Portuguese  in  1503,  taken  by 
the  Dutch  in  1663,  and  retained  by  them  till  1795, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  English,  who  still  hold 
it.  An  extensive  commerce  is  carried  on  with 
Arabia,  Persia,  Bengal,  and  the  sea  coast  of  India. 
Lon.  76°  8'  E.  Lat.  9°  58'  N. 

Cochin-China,  a  country,  in  the  S.  E.  of  Asia, 
forming  part  of  the  peninsula  between  China  and 
Hindostan.  It  extends  upwards  of  400  miles  along 
the  sea  of  China,  between  11°  and  17°  N.  lat. 
and  has  for  its  inland  boundaries  Tungquin,  Laos, 
Cambodia,  and  Tsiompa.  It  consists  of  a  long 
plain  or  stripe,  included  between  tlie  sea  coast, 
and  a  chain  of  mountains.  This  plain  is  of  most 
exuberant  fertility,  producing  copiously  all  the 
tropical  productions,  particularly  rice  and  sugar. 
During  the  last  20  years,  Cochin-China  has  been 
troubled  with  violent  civil  wars,  in  the  course  of 
which,  the  contending  parties  made  great  efforts 
to  form  an  army  and  navy  after  the  European 
model.  In  the  course  of  two  years,  the  reigning 
prince  constructed  300  large  gun-boats,  five  lug- 
gers, and  a  frigate ;  he  also  formed  his  land  forces 
into  regular  regiments,  and  procured  the  transla- 
tion of  a  system  of  military  tactics.  His  army  is 
estimated  at  113,000  men,  of  whom  about  40,000 
are  trained  in  the  European  manner.  Within  a 
few  years,  he  has  subjected  the  neighboring  coun- 
tries of 'I'ungguin,  Cambodia,  and  Tsiompa.  The 
country  has  been  repeatedly  invaded  by  the  Chi- 
nese, but  without  success. 

The  reigning  religion  isthatof  Aubuddha. — The 
trade  is  principally  with  China,  to  which  it  ex- 
ports sugar,  particularly  sugar-candy,  woods, 
canes,  spices,  drugs,  and  gold. 

Cochran's  store,  p-v.  Person  co.  N.  C. 

Cochransville,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Cochrane,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  Prince  William  sound.  Lon.  212°  16'  E. 
Lat.  60°  46'  N. 

Cockburne,  JV.  H.     See  Columbia. 

Cockburn  Islands,  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  217°  J  8'  ^^'.  Lat.  11«  52'  S. 


Cockbums-path,  v.  Scotland,  7i  m.  S.  E.  Dun- 
bar. 

Cocke,  CO.  E.Tennessee,  on  the  S.  side  of  French 
Broad  river.  Pop.  5,154.  Slaves,  436.  Chief 
town,  Newport. 

Cockcnsie,  s-p.  Scotland,  1^  m.  N.  E.  Preston- 
pans. 

Cocker,  r.  Eng.  joins  the  Derwent,  at  Cocker- 
mouth. 

Cockermouth,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Cocker  and  Derwent,  12  m.  S. 
by  E.  Keswick.     Pop.  2,964. 

Coco,  r.  Mexico,  falls  into  the  Pacific.  Lat.  7° 
B'N. 

Coco,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Veragua.  Lon,  82° 
30' W. 

Cocoa  Island,  part  of  the  group  of  the  Poggy 
islands,  near  the  west  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  2° 
29' S. 

Cocoa  JVut  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Roberts' 
island.    Lon.  219°  48'  E.  Lat.  7°  35'  S. 

Cocoa  J^ut  Point,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Gilolo.     Lon.  128°  26'  E.  Lat.  0°  44'  S. 

Cocorocuma,  isl.  in  the  Spanish  main,  Lon.  82° 
26'  W.  Lat.  15°  50'  N, 

Cocas  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  273°  6'  E. 
Lat.  5°  35'  N. 

Cocumont,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  W.  Marmande. 

Codbeck,  r.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  joins  the  Willow- 
beck  at  Dalton. 

Coddors,  r.  Asia,  which  falls  into  the  Black  sea. 
Lon.  42°  14'  E.  Lat.  44°  N. 

Code,  r.  Panama,  runs  into  the  Spanish  main,  in 
lon.  80°  35'  W. 

Codagno,  {Cotoneum,)  t.  Lombardy,  near  the 
conflux  of  the  Adda  and  the  Po,  4  m.  W.  Pizzighi- 
tone.     Pop,  8,000. 

Cordolan,  Cape,  on  Formentera,  one  of  the  Pi- 
thyusse  islands.     Lon,  1°  30'  E.  Lat.  38°  41'  N. 

Cudolsberg,  t,  Bavaria,  8  m,  W.  Nuremberg. 

Codarus,  r.  York  co.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Susque- 
hannah. 

Cadorus,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  Codorus,  Pop. 
1,975. 

Codrell,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Minorca. 

Codropio,  t.  Ita)y,  in  Friuli,  on  the  Stella,  10  ra. 
S.  S.  W.  Udina. 

Cod''s  ferry,  p-v.  Wabash  co.  Illinois. 

Coei.     See  Allighur. 

Coevorden,  fortified  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  river 
Aa.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  of  Hol- 
land, forming  the  key  to  Groningen,  Overyssel, 
and  Friesland.  30  m,  S.  Groningen.  Lon,  6'^ 
33'  E,  Lat,  52°  42'  N, 

Coeuvres,  t,  France,  8  m,  S.  W.  Soissons. 

Coeymans,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson^ 
n  m,  below  Albany,     Pop,  3,574. 

Coeze,  t.  Savoy,  10  m.  S.  E.  Chamberry. 

Coffey''  s  ferry,  p-v,  Pulaski  co.  Ken, 

Cogasza,  t,  Lombardy,  6  m.  N,  N.  W,  Brescia. 

Caggeshall,  t.  Eng.  in  ilssex,  on  the  Blackwater, 
44  m,  N,  E,  London,    Pop,  2,471. 

Caghnaicaga,  Indian  village,  Huntingdon  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  S,  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Pop.  900,  Here  is  a  church,  and  a  mis- 
sionary's house. 

Cognac,  or  Coignac,  t.  France,  in  a  fertile  tract, 
on  the  Chai-ente.  Here  is  made  the  famous  Cog- 
nac brandy,  300  m.  S.  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  19'  5 1" 
W.  Lat.  45°  41'  49"  N.     Pop.  2,850. 

Cogni.     See  Conieh. 

Cogtinto.  or  Casoreto,  t,  Gpuoese  territory,  .said 


188 


COL 


COL 


to  be  the  birtii  place  of  Columbus,  9  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Savona. 

Cohanzy,  or  Casarea  creek,  N.  J,  rises  in  Salem 
CO.  and  passing  through  Cumberland  co.  falls  into 
Delaware  river,  opposite  Bombay  Hook.  It  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons,  to  Bridgetown, 
20  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Cokasset,  s-p.  and  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  25  m. 
E.  Dedham,  25  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  994.  Cohas- 
aet  rocks,  which  have  been  fatal  to  many  vessels, 
lie  oif  this  place,  3  m.  from  the  shore. 

Coilady,  t.  Hind.  15  m.  E.  Trichinopoly. 

Coimbetoor,  a  district,  in  the  S.  of  India,  be- 
hveen  10°  and  12°  N.  lat.  bounded  S.  by  Dindi- 
gul,  E.  by  Salem  and  Kistnagherry,  N.  by  My- 
sore, and  W.  by  Malabar.  It  has  been  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  English  since  1799,  and  is  governed 
by  a  European  judge,  collector,  Sic.  under  the 
presidency  of  Madras.  Coimbetoor,  the  capital, 
is  defended  by  a  citadel.  Lon.  77°  6'  E.  Lat.  10'^ 
S8'N. 

Coimbra,  city,  Portugal,  cap.  of  Beira,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Mondego.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, and  has  a  cathedral,  8  parish  churches,  and 
several  convents,  and  a  celebrated  university. 
The  university  consists  of  18  colleges,  with  39 
professors,  and  on  an  average,  800  students.  This 
place  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  kings  of 
Portugal.  60  m.  S.  S.  E.  Oporto,  96  N.  N.  E. 
Lisbon.  Lon.  8°  24'  44"  W.  Lat.  40°  12'  30"  N. 
Pop.  11,871. 

Coi7icy,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  Chateau  Thierry. 

Coire,  t.  Switzerland,  cap.  of  the  canton  of  the 
Grisons,  on  the  Plessur,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Rhine,  which  here  begins  to  be  navigable  by  rafts. 
55  m.  S.  Constance.  Lon.  9°  25'  E.  Lat.  46°  50' 
N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Coitsville,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  S.  E. 
"Warren.     Pop.  429. 

Cokalahiskit,  r.  N.  America,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  300  miles, 
enters  Clark's  river,  a  branch  of  the  Columbia, 
iji  lon.  113°  W.  lat.  about  47°  N. 

Col  de  Balaguer.     See  Balaguer. 

Colaba,  isl.  on  W.  coast  of  Hind.  20  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Colalto,  t  Venetian  territory,  14  m.  N.  Tre- 
vigo. 

Colangodu,  t.  Malabar.  Lon.  76°  49'  E.  Lat. 
10°  42'  N. 

Colapoor,  a  small  independent  Mahratta  state, 
on  the  W.  coast  oflndia,  between  15°and  17°  N.lat. 
lying  directly  N.  of  the  territory  of  Goa.  It  is  the 
only  state  on  the  W.  coast  totally  independent  of 
the  British.  Colapoor,  the  capital,  is  in  lat.  15° 
40' N. 

Colar,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  small  district  of  the 
same  name.  135  m.  W.  Madras,  35  E.  N.  E. 
Bangalore,     Lon.  78°  19'  E.  Lat.  13°  8'  N. 

Colbene,  s-p.  Tripoli,  90  m.  S.  E.  Mesurata. 

Colberg,  s-p.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  Farther 
Pomerania,  on  the  Persante,  i  a  mile  from  its 
mouth,  with  a  harbour  in  the  Baltic.  It  is  a  for- 
tress of  some  importance.  124  m.  N.  E.  Berlin. 
Pop.  4,499.     Lon.  15°  27'  E.  Lat.  54°  8'  N. 

Colchagua,  province,  Chili,  extending  from  the 
Andes  to  the  Pacific,  120  miles  long,  from  E.  to 
W.  and  96  broad.  The  capital  is  San  Fernando. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Colchester,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the  Colne.  It 
has  been  encircled  by  walls,  still  partly  standing, 
and  contains  a  castle,  which  was  a  place  of  great 
strength.  It  has  12  parish  churches.  The  prin- 
cipal mauufacture  consists  of  woollen  cilQths.  par- 


ticularly baize.  Vessels  of  100  ton3  or  more  can 
come  up  to  the  town.  Pop.  12,544.  18  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Ipswich,  51  N.  E.  London. 

Colchester,  t.  Essex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Detroit  river. 

Colchester,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  at  the  mouth  of  Onion  river,  5  m.  N.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  657. 

Colchester,  p-t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  15  m.  W. 
Norwich,  25  S.  E.  Hartford.  Pop.  2,697.  Bacon 
Academy,  in  this  town,  was  founded  in  1801.  Its 
funds  are  $30,000.  It  is  a  flourishing  institution, 
and  has  annually  about  90  scholars.  The  acade- 
my-building is  of  brick,  75  feet  by  34. 

Colchester,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  S, 
Delhi.     Pop.  885. 

Colchester,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  Occoquam 
creek,  4  m.  above  its  confluence  with  the  Potomac^ 
16  m.  S.  W.  Alexandria,  106  N.  Richmond.  The 
creek  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  boats. 

Colding,  or  Koldingen,  t.  Denmark,  in  Jutland, 
on  the  E.  coast.  24  m.  N.  E.  Ripen.  65  N.  N. 
W.  Sleswick.     Lon.  9°  29°  E.  Lat.  55°  30'  N. 

Cold  creek,  Ohio,  runs  N.  and  falls  into  Sandus- 
ky bay,  a  little  W.  of  Sandusky.  Its  source  is  a 
large  spring  covering  an  acre  and  a  half  of  ground. 
Cole  river,  N.  H.  runs  into  Connecticut  river  at 
Walpole. 

Cold  spring,  p-v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 

Cold-spring  cove,  near  Burlington  N.  J. 

Cold-stream  mills,  p-v  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Cole  river,  Va.  runs  into  the  Kenhawa  from  the 
S.  in  lon.  81°  30' W. 

Colebrook  Dale,  valley,  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Severn.  Its  iron  works  are  the 
most  extensive  in  England,  14  m.  S.  E.  Shrews- 
bury. 

Coleln-ook,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N,  H.  40  m,  N,  Lancas- 
ter, 111  N,  Concord.     Pop.  325. 

Colebrook,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Litchfield.  Pop.  1,243.  Here  are  iron- works, 
and  several  mills  on  Still  river,  a  water  of  Far- 
mington  river. 

Colebrook  dale,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  792. 

Coleraine,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  Bann,  4  miles  from 
the  sea.  25  m.  E.  N.  E.  Londonderry.  Lon.  6* 
29'  W.  Lat.  55°  8'  N.     Pop.  4,500. 

Coleraine,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  5  m.  N.  W. 
Greenfield.     Pop.  2,016. 

Colerain,  p-t.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 

Coleraine,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Fop.  834. 

Coleraine,  v.  Camden  co.  Geo.  on  the  St.  Ma- 
ry's river,  30  m.  above  St.  Mary's. 

Coleraine,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  876. 

Coleraine,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  N.  E.  ChiUi- 
cothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  850. 

Coleraine.,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river, 
15  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,058. 

Coleraine,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  N.  E.  Clairs- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1819,  650. 

Coleshill,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire,  10  m.  E, 
Birmingham.     Pop.  1,631. 

Colesville,  p-v.  in  W^indsor,  Broome  co.  N.  Y- 

Colesrille,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Colesville,  p-v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

Colford,  t.  Eng.  Gloucestershire,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Monmouth. 

Colin,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  28  m.  E, 
Prague. 

Collahuas,  a  province  of  Peru,  directly  N.  of 
Arequipa.  It  is  52  leagues  long,  and  16  wide. 
The  capital  is  Cailloma. 


COL 


COL 


189 


Colle  Duo,  t.  Naples,  23  m.  S.  W.  Aquila. 

Colleda,  t.  Germany,  12  m.  N.  Weimar. 

Collen,  t.  Prussia,  18  m.  S.  E.  Heilsberg. 

Collemore' s  ridge,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine.     Pop.  46. 

Colleton,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  26,359.  Slaves, 
21,858.  Chief  town,  Dorchester,  or  Parker's 
Ferry. 

Collin sville,  p-v.  Huntington  co.  Pa. 

Collioure,  a  strong  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Py- 
renees, on  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  15  m. 
S.  E.  Perpignan.     Lat.  42"  31'  32"  N. 

Collong,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon.  101° 
30' E.  Lat.  302' N. 

Collumpton,  t.  Eng.  1 1  m.  N.  Exeter. 

Colmar,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Upper  Rhine,  on  the 
Fecht  and  Laucht,  which  fall  near  this  into  tlie 
Thur.  The  latter  river  discharges  itself  into  the 
111,  about  a  league  from  Colmar,  and  rendering  it 
navigable,  facilitates  greatly  the  intercourse  of  the 
town  with  Strasburg.  34  m.  S.  S.  W.  Strasburg. 
Lon.  7°  22'  26"  E.  Lat.  48°  4'  44"  N.  Pop. 
14,000. 

Colmenar  de  Orej'o,  t.  Spain,  in  Toledo,  district 
ofOcana,  21  m.  N.  W.  Talaverade  laReyna. 

Colmenar  Viejo,  t.  Spain,  28  m.  N.  Madrid. 

Colmnitz,  t.  Germany,  6  m.  E.  Frcyberg. 

Cola,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Thames  at 
Staines  ;  another  in  Essex,  which  passes  by  Col- 
chester. 

Colnbrook,  I.  Eng,  17  m.  W.  London. 

Colne,  t.  Eng.  in  "Lancashire,  32  m.  N.  Manches- 
ler.     Pop.  5,3'56. 

Coined,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  New  California. 
Lat.  30°  57'  N. 

Colo,  t.  Poland,  20  m.  N.  Kalisch. 

Coloca,  t.  S.  America,  in  Buenos  Ayres,  12  m.  N. 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Colog7ia,  t.  Italy,  20  m.  S.  Vicenza.  Pop. 
6,200. 

Cologn,  a  secularised  archbishoprick,  and  elec- 
torate of  Germany,  which  now  forms  part  of  the 
grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  belonging  to 
Prussia.  Length  about  90  miles ;  breadth  14. 
Pop.  217,000.  ' 

Cologne,  city,  Germany,  is  built  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rhine,  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  close 
to  the  river,  and  fortified  in  the  ancient  manner. 
It  has  long  held  a  conspicuous  rank  in  Catholic 
Germany,  both  from  the  influence  of  its  university, 
and  the  number  and  zeal  of  its  clergy.  There  are 
9  collegiate  churches,  2  abbeys,  19  parish  church- 
es, 17  monasteries,  39  nunneries,  and  49  chapels. 
From  its  favourable  situation  on  the  Rhine,  it  has 
been  noted  for  its  commerce.  The  exports  are 
wine,  timber,  earthen  ware,  slates,  &c.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  linen,  woollen,  and 
silk  stuffs,  with  lace,  thread,  and  the  famous  Co- 
logne water.  20  m.  S.  E.  Dusseldorf.  Lat.  50° 
55' N.     Pop.  50,000. 

Cologny,  t.  Switzerland,  2  m.  N.  E.  Geneva. 

Cologuola,  t.  Lombardy,  16  m.  E.  Bergamo. 

Colombia,  republic  of,  a  name  recently  given  by 
the  Spanish  Patriots  to  nearly  the  whole  of  S. 
America  north  of  the  equator,  including  the  for- 
mer viceroyalty  of  New  Grenada,  and  captain- 
generalship  of  Caraccas.  But  the  independence 
of  this  country  is  not  firmly  established.  See  Ca- 
raccas. 

Colombo,  the  capital  of  Ceylon,  and  the  seat 
of  the  British  government  on  that  island,  is 
on  ths  W.  coast,  in  lat.  7°  4'  N.  The  city  is 
i-egularl  -  built,  though  few  of  the  houses  are 


above  one  story  high.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mix- 
ture of  all  the  nations  of  the  east.  The  harbor  is 
nothing  more  than  an  open  road,  affording  safe 
anchorage  only  four  months  in  the  year,  viz.  from 
December  to  April ;  but,  previous  to  the  change 
of  the  monsoon  in  May,  all  vessels  are  obliged  to  de- 
part. The  neighbourii.^'  district  produces  the  best 
of  cinnamon,  which,  with  pepper,  betel  nut,  ivory, 
and  pearls,  constitute  the  principal  exports.  The 
Baptists  and  Wesleyan  Methodists  have  missiona- 
ries and  schools  in  Colombo.  Lon.  79°  50'  E. 
Lat.  7°  4'  N.    Pop.  50,000. 

Coloms,  isl.  Minorca,  2  m.  from  Cabo  Bufiara. 

Coloni,  V.  Palestine,  12  m.  W.  Jerusalem. 

Coloniy  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  A.  Turkey. 
Lon.  26°  36'  E.  Lat.  39°  24'  N. 

Colonie,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Hudson,  1  m.  above  Albany.  Pop.  1,406.  Here 
are  various  manufactures,  and  a  State  arsenal. 
The  village  of  Colonie  is  now  annexed  to  the  city 
of  Albany. 

Colonna,  t.  Ecclesiastical  States,  12  m.  from 
Rome. 

Colonna,  Cape,  Naples,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cala- 
bria.    Lon.  17°  29'  E.  Lat.  39°  6'  N. 

Colonna,  Cape,  the  S.  E.  point  of  Livadia. 

Colonni,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  Samos.  Lon.  24° 
2' E.  Lat.  370  41' N. 

Colonni,  Cape,  on  the  Morea.  Lon.  24°  2*  E. 
Lat.  37°  36'  N. 

Colpo,  T.  Quito,  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in  lat, 
58°  N. 

Colorado,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  in  about  lat.  40°  N.  and,  run- 
ning S.  W.  enters  the  gulf  of  California  at  its;head, 
in  33°  N.  lat.  It  is  about  1000  miles  long,and  is 
said  to  be  navigable  for  300  miles  from  its  mouth, 
for  sea  vessels. 

Colorado,  Rio,  or  First  Desaguero,  large  r.  S. 
America,  after  a  course  of  nearly  1000  miles 
through  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  39°  50'  S. 

Colorado,  Rio  de  Texas,  r.  Mexico,  runs  into  the 
bay  of  St.  Bernard  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lat. 
29°  15'  N. 

Colorados,  Los,  t.  S.  America,  in  Tucuman,  105 
m.  N.  Salvador  deJujui. 

Colomo,  t.  Lombardy,  7  m.  N.  Parma. 

Colosse,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  celebrated  and  populous 
city  of  Phrygia,  in  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Lycus,  near 
Laodicea  and  Hierapolis.  It  was  destroyed  by  au 
earthquake,  A.  D.  66. 

Colosse,  beautiful  v.  Cyprus,  30  m.  S.  E.  Baffa, 

Colouri,  (an.  Salamis,)  isl.  of  Greece,  in  the 
gulf  of  Engia,  with  a  small  sea-port.  Lon.  23° 
36'  E.  Lat.  38°  N. 

Colpoys  Point,  N.  E.  coast  of  tlie  Prince  ot 
Wales's  Archipelago.     Lat.  56°  21'  N. 

Colville,Cape,  New  Zealand ;  the  N.  E.  point,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Thames.  Lon.  194°  27' 
W.  Lat.  36®  36'  N. 

Colvmh,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Ex. 

Columbia,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  18  m.  W. 
Machias.     Pop.  518. 

Columbia,  formerly  Cockburne,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N. 
H.  on  Connecticut  river,  107  m.  N.  Concord.  Pop, 
142. 

Columbia,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct  S.  W.  Brook- 
lyn.    Pop.  834. 

Columbia,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Hud- 
son ;  bounded  N.  by  Rensselaer  co.  E.  by  Massa- 
chusetts, S.  by  Dutchess  co.  W.  by  the  Hudson, 


190 


COL 


COM 


which  separates  it  from  Greene  co.     Pop.  32,370. 
Chief  town,  Hudson. 

Columbia,  t.  Herkimer  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  Herkimer. 

Columbia,  p-v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
■  Columbia,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  10  m.  W.  Lancaster,  12  E. 
York,  72  W.  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  baiik, 
and  3  houses  of  public  worship.  A  bridge  is 
thrown  across  the  river  at  this  place,  1^  miles  in 
length. 

Columbia,  District  of,  a  tract  of  country,  10 
miles  square,  on  both  sides  of  Potomac  river,  120 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  was  ceded  to  the  United 
States  by  Maryland  and  Virginia  in  1790,  and  in 
1800,  became  the  seat  of  the  General  Govern- 
ment. It  is  under  the  immediate  government  of 
Congress.  Pop.  24,028.  Slaves,  5,395.  The 
principal  towns  are  Washington  city,  Alexandria, 
and  Georgetown.  The  amount  of  exports  in  1810, 
was  $1,038,103,  and  in  1817,  $1,768,658.  The 
amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  was  21,754  tons,  A 
Catholic  college  is  established  at  Georgetown. 

Columbia,  p-t.  Fluvanna  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side 
of  James  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rivanna,  45 
m.  above  Richmond,  35  from  Charlottesville.  It 
has  a  warehouse  for  the  inspection  of  tobacco. 

Columbia,  p-t.  Richland  district,  S.  C.  and  cap- 
ital of  the  State,  is  at  the  confluence  of  Broad  and 
Saluda  rivers,  which  unite  to  form  the  Congaree, 
113  m.  N.  N.  W.  Charleston,  35  S.  S.  W.  Camden. 
Lon.  81°  7  W.  Lat.  33°  57'  N.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  on  an  elevated  plain,  and  contains  a  state- 
house,  court-house  and  jail,  and  4  houses  for  pub- 
lic worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Episcopa- 
lians, 1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The 
healthy  situation  of  the  town,  its  position  at  the 
head  of  boat  navigation  on  the  Congaree,  and  its 
advantages  as  the  seat  of  government,  and  of  a 
well  conducted  college^  combine  to  make  it  a 
place  of  importance.  Intercourse  with  Charles- 
ton, by  steam-boat,  has  lately  been  established. 

South-Carolina  college  was  founded  in  this 
town  by  the  legislature,  in  1801,  and  is  immedi- 
ately under  the  patronage  of  the  State.  It  has  a 
president,  4  professors,  2  tutors,  more  than  100 
students,  a  well  selected  library  of  5,000  volumes, 
and  a  fine  mathematical  apparatus.  Handsome 
brick  building?  are  erected  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  president,  professors,  and  students.  The  Le- 
gislature malie  an  annual  grant  to  the  college  of 
about  $10,000,  and  are  perpetually  extending  to  it 
a  fostering  hand.  The  Governor,  Judges,  and  oth- 
er great  Officers  of  State,  are  Trustees  ex-oflicio. 
This  college  bids  fair  to  be  a  most  valuable  insti- 
tution foi  South  Carolina. 

Columbia,  p-v.  Richland  co.  S.  C.. 

Columbia^  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river.  Pop. 
11,242.  Slaves,  5,980.  Chief  town,  Aplington. 
There  is  a  post-office  at  the  court-house. 

Columbia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Maury  co.  Ten.  on 
Duck  river,  40  m.  S.  Nashville. 

Columbia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Adair  co.  Ken.  17  m. 
from  Greensburg.     Pop.  175.     Here  is  a  bank. 

Columbia,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  riv- 
er, 6  nv.  E.  Cincinnati,  1  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Little  Miaini. 

Columbia,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  205. 

Columbia,  p-v.  Gibton  co.  Indiana. 

Columbia  river,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in  N. 
America,  rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  about  lat. 
55°  N.  and  running  S.  W.  falls  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  13146°  1 5' >'.  between  Cape  Disappoint- 


ment on  the  N.  and  Point  Adams  on  the  S.  The 
whole  length  of  the  river  is  estimated  at  1500 
miles.  Its  principal  branches  are  the  Wallau- 
mut,  Lewis  river,  and  Clarke's  river,  all  of 
which  empty  on  the  S.  E.  side;  the  first  125 
miles  from  its  mouth,  the  second  413,  and  the  third 
about  600.  Vessels  of  300  tons  may  ascend  the 
Columbia,  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Wal- 
laumut.  The  tide  flows  up  183  miles,  and  large 
sloops  may  ascend  this  distance.  Seven  miles  fur- 
ther up  the  navigation  is  interrupted  by  the  great 
rapids.  Above  the  rapids,  the  river  is  navigable 
for  65  miles,  till  it  is  interrupted  by  the  long  nar- 
rows, and  6  miles  further  up  by  the  falls.  Above 
the  falls  there  are  no  obstructions  for  150  miles,  to 
the  mouth  of  Lewis  river.  The  portages  around 
the  great  rapids,  long  narrows,  and  falls,  are 
in  all  5  miles. — As  you  ascend  the  Columbia, 
the  country  for  the  first  160  miles,  is  covered  with 
heavy  timber,  mostly  of  the  pine  species  ;  thence 
the  woods  diminish  gradually  for  60  miles,  till 
nothing  is  found  but  stinted  pines  and  shrub  oaks. 
— The  banks  of  the  Columbia  are  inhabited  by 
various  Indian  tribes,  who  subsist  chiefly  on  the 
salmon,  which  the  river  yields  in  immense  quan- 
tities. There  is  a  white  settlement  at  Astoria, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river.     See  Astoria. 

Columbiana,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  which 
separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  in  1815, 
13,625.     Chief  town.  New  Lisbon. 

Columbiana,  p-t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N. 
New  Lisbon. 

Columbretes,  islands,  belonging  to  Spain,  off  the 
coast  of  Valencia.     Lat.  39°  56'  N. 

Columbus,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  N.  E. 
Norwich.     Pop.  1,389. 

Columbus,  CO.  N.  C.  Pop.  3,022.  Slaves,  703. 
Chief  town,  Whitesville.  At  the  court-house,  a 
post-office  is  kept. 

Columbus,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  and  capital  of 
the  State,  is  on  the  Scioto  river,  just  below  the 
confluence  of  the  Whetstone,  45  m.  N.  Chillicothe, 
60  W.  Zanesville,  108  N.  E.  Cincinnati.  Lat. 
39°  57' N.  Lon.  83°  3' W.  The  site  is  a  pleas- 
ant rising  ground,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Scioto. 
The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  streets  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  growth  of  Co- 
lumbus has  been  rapid.  In  1812,  the  lots  were 
first  exposed  to  sale,  with  the  timber  then  stand- 
ing upon  them,  and  in  1819,  the  town  contained  a 
handsome  state-house,  a  building  for  the  public 
offices,  and  a  penitentiary,  all  of  brick ;  a  bank ; 
a  market-house ;  2  printing-oflices ;  more  than 
200  houses,  and  1,500  inhabitants. 

Colyton,  t.  Eng.  6  m.  N.  Lyme. 

Com.     See  Koom. 

Comacchio,  t.  and  fort,  Italy,  28  m.  E.  Ferrara, 
40  S.  Venice. 

Comania.     See  Daghestan. 

Comau,  t.  S.  America,  on  the  Amazon,  6  m.  N. 
W.  Macapa. 

Comayagiia.     See  Valladolid. 

Comb  Martin,  t.  Eng.  14  m.  N.  Barnstaple. 

CombaJice,  r.  S.  C.  runs  into  St.  Helena  sound. 
Combahee  ferry,  on  this  river,  is  17  m.  fr.  Jackson- 
boro',  15  fr.  Pocataligo. 

Combe,  t.  Savoy,  9  m.  N.  N.  W.  Annecy. 

ComJ)ermere,  lake,  Eng.  in  Cheshire. 

Combourg,  t.  Brittany,  17  m.  S.  St.  Malo.  Pop. 
4,200. 

Combree,  t  France,  7  m.  W.  Segre, 

Cornhrd-,  t.  France,  24  m.  E.  Alby. 


COM 

Comcreollj/,  t.  Bengal,  district  of  Boosnah,  on 
Ihe  Nouanga  or  Custee  river.  Lon.  89°  11'  E. 
Lat.  23°  52'  N. 

Comesazzo,    r.  Lombardy,  falls  into  the  Oglio. 

Comillah,  or  Tipperah,  t.  Bengal,  cap.  of  the 
district  of  Tipperali.  Lon.  91°  2'  E.  Lat.  23° 
28' N. 

Comin,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lat. 
40°  38'  N. 

Comines,  t.  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  which  divides 
it  into  two  parts,  8  m.  N.  Lille,  30  S.  Bruges.  Lon. 
3°  4'  E.  Lat.  50^  45'  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Comisario  Punta,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  the  Ca- 
.  raccas.     Lon.  75°  25'  W. 

Camite,  r.  Mississippi,  joins  the  Amite,  12  m.  E. 
Baton  Rogue. 

Commeiido,  called  also  Guaffo,  a  territory  on 
the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa,  formerly  of  groat  extent, 
but  now  much  reduced.  The  principal  town, 
called  Great  Commendo,  or  Guaffo,  is  about  nine 
leagues  from  the  coast.  The  resort  of  Europe- 
ans, however,  is  the  town  on  the  coast,  called  Lit- 
tle Commendo,  where  both  the  English  and  the 
Dutch  have  a  fort.  Lon.  3°  34'  W.  Lat.  6° 
12' N. 

Commequieres,  t.  France,  17  m.  N.  Sables  d'- 
Olonne. 

Commeragh,  mountains,  Ireland,  8  m.  N.  Dun- 
garvon. 

Commercy,  t.  France,  on  the  Maese,  169  m.  E. 
Paris.  Lon.  3°  40'  E.  Lat.  48°  46'  N.  Pop. 
3,700. 

Commewina,  r.  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Surinam, 
about  10  m.  fr.  its  mouth. 

Commim,  district,  Hind,  between  15°  and  16° 
N.  lat.  Commim,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  78°  55' 
E.  lat.  15°  31'  N. 

Commissioner's  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Oco- 
nee, 30  or  30  m.  below  Milledgeville. 

Commorro  Islands,  in  the  Indian  sea,  about  mid- 
way between  the  N.  part  of  Madagascar,  and  the 
continent  of  Africa.  They  are  four  in  number, 
the  Great  Commorro,  Johanna,  Mohilla,  and 
Mayotta.  The  great  Common-o  is  in  lon.  43°  IC 
E.  lat.  11°  56'  S. 

Communipa,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  New  York 
bay,  2  m.  S.  W.  Paulus-Hook. 

Como,  t.  of  the  Austrian  empire,  in  Italy,  at  the 
S.  W.  extremity  of  the  lake  of  Como,  in  a  delight- 
ful valley,  inclosed  on  all  sides  by  lofty  mountains. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Pop.  14,700.  The  hou- 
ses are  neatly  built  of  stone,  and  the  public 
buildings  magnificent.  An  active  trade  is  carried 
on  with  Lombardy  and  Switzerland.  20  m.  N. 
Milan,  80  N.  E.  Turin.  Lon.  9°  4'  E.  Lat.  45° 
48' N. 

Cojno,  lake,  Italy,  between  the  county  of  Chia- 
venna  and  the  Milanese.  It  is  36  miles  long,  and 
from  1  to  4  broad.  The  river  Adda  passes  through 
it.  The  surrounding  country  is  highly  pictur- 
esque. 

Comorin,  Cape,  S.  extremity  of  the  continent 
of  India.     Lon.  77°  35'  E.  Lat.  7°  57'  N. 

Comom,  t.  and  fort,  Hungary,  in  the  county  of 
Comorn,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Neutra  with  the 
Danube.  The  citadel  is  accounted  one  of  the 
strongest  in  Europe.  38  m.  S.  E.  Presbui^,  70  S. 
by  E.  Vienna.     Lon.  18°  7'  E.     Pop.  9,000. 

Company's  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  Lon.  151° 
20'  E.  Lat.  46°  N. 

Compiegne,  t.  France,  on  the  Oise,  48  m.  N.  E. 
Paris.     Lon.  2°  54'  E.  Lat.  49°  24'  59"  -N, 


CON 


191 


Composla,  La,  t.  Savoy,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cham- 
berry. 

Compostella,  or  St.  Jago  de  Compostella,  (an. 
Briganlium,)  t.  and  city,  Spain,  capital  of  Galicia. 
It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  Poi>.  12,000.  98 
m.  W.  Astorga,  270  N.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  8°  30' 
W.  Lat.  42°  52' N. 

Compostella,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  400  m. 
N.  W.  Mexico.    Lon.  104°  40'  W.  Lat.  21°  10'  N. 
Compreignac,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Limoges. 

Compton,  t.  13uckingham  and  Richelieu  coun- 
ties, Lower  Canada,  about  60  m.  S.  Three-Rivers. 
Pop.  700. 

Comrah,  t.  Bengal,  27  m.  N.  N.  W.  Moorsheda- 
bad. 

Comrie,  v.  Scotland,  6i  m.  W.  Crieff.  Pop. 
2,689. 

Con,  Loch,  lake,  Scotland,  in  Perth. 

Conan,  r.  Scotland,  composed  of  the  Orrin, 
Garve,  Meig,  and  Lichart,  falls  into  Cromarty 
frith. 

Conaquenesing  creek,  Pa.  joins  the  Big  beaver, 
and  12  miles  below,  falls  into  the  Ohio,  at  Beaver- 
town. 

Conawango.     See  Conewango. 

Conca,  r.  Ecclesiastical  States,  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  Venice. 

Concan,  country.  Hind,  on  the  west  coast  of  the 
peninsula,  between  Bombay  and  Goa,  extending 
from  16°  to  19°  N.  lat.  200  miles  long,  and  40 
broad.  This  coast  has  been  much  infested  with 
pirates. — The  principal  towns  are  Choul,  Ban- 
coote,  Severndroog  or  Dabul,  Zyghur,  Gheria, 
Tamana,  and  Rajpore. 

Concarneau,  or  Conq,  s-p.  France,  10m.  S.  S.E. 
Quimper.     Lon.  3°  57'  5"  W. 

Concellana,  t.  Naples,  5  m.  S.  Acerenza. 

Conception,  La,  s  -p.  Veragua,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Veragua,  on  the  Spanish  Main,  90  m.  W.  Pa- 
nama.    Lon.  81°  28'  W. 

Conception,  bay,  in  the  gulf  of  California. 

Conception  Bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  Newfound- 
land, whose  entrance  is  between  Cape  St.  Francis 
on  the  S.  and  Flamborough-head  on  the  N. 

Conception,  t.  Paraguay,  90  m.  N.  Assump- 
tion.    Lat.  23°  23'  S. 

Conception,  settlement.  New  Grenada,  on  the 
Meta.    Lon.  71°  55' W. 

Conception  del  Pao,  t.  Caraccas,  135  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Barcelona,  84  S.  E.  Caraccas.  Lon.  65°  10* 
W.  Lat.  8°  42'  N.     Pop.  2,300. 

Concha,  San  Martin  de  la.     See  (^uitlota. 

Concfiachitou,  t.  Mississippi,  on  the  Pascagoula. 
Lon.  88°  43'  W.  Lat.  32°  15'  N. 

Conchas,  settlement,  18  m.  N.  W.  Buenos 
Ayres. 

Conchas,  r.  Brazil,  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in 
lat.  5°  6'  S. 

Conchas,  or  Conchas,  r.  New  Spain,  runs  into 
the  Rio  del  Norte,  in  lat.  31°  N.  after  a  course  of 
about  300  miles.  It  is  the  largest  western  branch 
of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  and  receives  in  its  course, 
the  Rio  Florida  from  the  E.  and  St.  Paubla  from 
theW. 

Conches,  t.  France,  37  m.  S.  Rouen. 

Conchucos,  province,  Peru,  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Guamachucos,  S.  by  Caxatambo,  E.  by  Gua- 
malies,  and  W.  by  Huaillas. 

Concize,  t.  Switz.  20  m.  N.  Yverdun. 

Conclusion  Port,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  King  George  Illd.'a  Archipelago.  Lat. 
56°  15'  N. 


192 


G  O  N 


C  O  1\ 


Coneobdla,  t.  Con^o,  on  the  river  Zaire. 

Concord,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  and  capital 
of  the  State,  stands  on  the  Merrimack,  45  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Portsmouth,  60  N.  N.  W.  Boston.  Lon. 
71°  30'  W.  Lat.  43°  12'  N.  Pop.  2,393.  The 
principal  village  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river, 
and  contains  a  State-house,  a  State-prison,  and  a 
Congregational  meeting-house,  3  printing-offices, 
a  bank,  and  about  200  dwelHng-houses,  situated 
principally  on  the  main-street. — The  State-house 
is  a  handsome  stone  building.  The  State-prison  is 
also  of  stone,  and  contains  36  cells.  The  prison- 
ers are  employed  principally  in  making  vpooden 
screws.  By  means  of  Merrimack  river  and  the 
Middlesex  canal,  there  is  a  boat  communication 
between  this  town  and  Boston,  which  greatly  in- 
creases its  importance.  Much  of  the  trade  of  the 
upper  country  centres  here. 

Concord,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  68  m.  N.  Con- 
cord. 

Concord,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er, 38  m.  E.  N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  677. 

Concord,  r.  Mass.  formed  by  two  branches, 
which  unite  at  Concord,  whence  it  flows  N.  E. 
and  N.  with  a  gentle  current,  through  Bedford 
and  Billerica,  and  joins  the  M  errimack  in  Tewks- 
bury.  Middlesex  canal  is  supplied  with  water 
from  this  river. 

Concord,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Concord 
river,  18  m.  N.  W.  Boston,  30  E.  N.  E.  Worces- 
ter. Pop.  1,633.  The  courts  of  the  county  are 
held  alternately  here,  and  at  Cambridge.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and  spacious 
stone  jail,  and  a  Congregational  church.  Here 
are  3  bridges  across  the  river. — In  this  town,  the 
Provincial  Congress  met  in  1774;  and  here  the 
first  opposition  was  made  to  the  British  troops,  on 
the  19th  of  April,  1775. 

Concord,  t.  Niagara  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  Buffalo. 

Concord,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

Concord,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
Chester  creek,  21  m.  S.  W,  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
1,061. 

Concord,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  Del. 

Concord,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Concord,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cabarras  co.  N.  C.  on 
Rocky  river,  20  m.  S.  W.  Salisbur}'. 

Concord,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
375. 

Concord,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  W.  Chillico- 
the.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,810. 

Concord,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

Concord,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Concordia,  t.  Venetian  territory,  30  m.  E.  Tre- 
viso.    Lat.  45°  45'  N. 

Concordia,  t.  Italy,  6  m.  W.  Mirandoca. 

Concordia,  co.  Louisiana,  on  the  Mississippi. 
Pop.  2,895. 

Concordia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Concordia  co.  Louis- 
iana, on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Natches. 

Condapilly,  one  of  the  northern  circars  of  In- 
dia, between  16°  and  17'  N.  lat.  See  Circars. — 
Condapilly,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  80°  23'  E.  lat. 
16°39'N. 

Condatchy,  t.  Ceylon,  which  gives  name  to  the 
bay,  in  which  is  carried  on  a  very  extensive  pearl 
fishery.  It  is  on  the  W.  coast,  120  m.  N.  Colom- 
bo.    Lat.  8°  45'  N. 

Conde,  t.  France.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest 
barrier-fortresses  on  the  side  of  the  Netherlands. 
6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Valenciennes,  3  W.  Mon?;  Lon.  3° 
34'  E.  Lat.  50°  26'  N.     Pop.  5,900, 


Conde  la  Ferte,  t.  France,  on  the  Marne,  near 
La  Ferte. 

Conde  sur  lion,  or  Conde  VEveque,  t.  France, 
14  m.  S.  W.  Evreux. 

Conde  sur  J^oireau,  I.  France,  20  m.  S.  Caen. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Condeon,  t.  France,  28  m  S.  E.  Saintes. 

Condesuios  de  Arequipa,  a  province  in  the  S. 
part  of  Peru,  near  the  coast  of  the  Pacific.  The 
capital  is  Chuquibamba. 

Condom,  t.  France,  on  the  Baise,  28  m.  S.  E. 
Bourdeaux.  Lon.  0°  26'  E.  Lat.  43°  57'  N.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Condor,  Pulo,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Cochin-China.  Lon.  106°  42'  E.  Lat. 
8°  40'  N. 

Condrieu,  t.  France,  on  the  Rhone,  18  m.  S. 
Lyons.     Pop.  4,050. 

Cmiecocheague,  r.  rises  near  Mercersburg,  Pa. 
and  runs  into  the  Potomac,  at  Williamsport,  Md. 
8  m.  S.  the  Pennsylvania  line. 

Conecak,  r.  Alabama,  unites  with  the  Escam- 
bia, and  runs  into  the  St.  Maria  de  Galvez,  an 
arm  ot  Pensacola  bay. 

Conedogvnnil  creek,  Pa.  runs  E.  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  a  little  above  Harrisburg. 

Conegliano,  t.  Venetian  territory,  10  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Treviso.     Pop.  3,650. 

Conemaugh  creek,  Pa.  rises  in  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  and  runs  into  the  Alleghany,  29  m.  N. 
E.  Pittsburg.  At  Chesnut  ridge,  it  takes  the  name 
of  Kiskemanitas.  Conemnugh  sall-ivorks,  are  sit- 
uated in  Westmoreland  and  Indiana  couflties,  on 
both  banks  of  this  creek,  1  m.  above  its  confluence 
whiththe  Loyalhannon,  and  15  N.  E.  Greensburg. 
Upwards  of  100  bushels  of  salt  per  day  were  produ- 
ced at  these  works  in  1816,  and  retailed  at  ^2  per 
ushel. 

Conemaugh,  i.  Somerset  co.  P«. .  Pop.  381. 

Conemaugh,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,167. 

Conemaugh,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.     Pop.  639. 

Concstago,  r.  Pa.  runs  S.  W.  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  15  m.  below  Columbia. 

Coneslago,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,506. 

Cdnewago,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  531. 

Coneicango,  r.  rises  in  N.  Y.  and  runs  into  the 
Alleghany  at  Warren,  Pa.  It  is  navigable  to  its 
sources,  Chatauque  and  Casada  Lakes,  within  9 
miles  of  Lake  Erie. 

Coneicango,  t.  "Warren  co.  Pa.    Pop.  448. 

Conflans,  t.  Savoy,  18  m.  E.  Chamberry. 

Conjlans,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Aube 
and  Seine,  25  m.  N.  W.  Troyes  ;  one,  12  m.  N. 
Vesoul ;  one  about  a  league  from  Paris. 

Conjlans  en  Jurnisy,  t.  France,  12  m.W.  Metz. " 

Conjlans  St.Honorine,  t.  France,  17  m.  W.  Pa- 
ris. 

Confolens,  t.  France,  27  m.  N.  W.  Limoges. 

Cong,  V.  Ireland,  in  Mayo,  16  m.  W.  Tuam. 

Congaree,  r.  S.  C.  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
Saluda  and  Broad  rivers.  After  a  course  of  30 
miles,  it  joins  the  Wateree  to  form  the  Santee. 

Conglelon,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  161i  m.  N.  VV. 
London.     Pop.  4,616. 

Congo,  an  extensive  country  in  the  S.  W  of  Af- 
rica, between  6°  and  8°  S.  lat.  bo\mded  N.  by  the 
Zaire,  or  Congo,  which  separates  it  from  Loango, 
W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  S.  by  Angola.  Its  limits 
in  the  interior  are  unknown.  The  Portuguese 
have  here  several  forts  and  factories,  for  carrying 
on  the  slave  trade.  The  vegetable  productions  are 
maize,    cassava,   sweet  potatoes,  pepper,  sugar 


CON 


CON 


193 


cane,  and  tobacco.  The  population  of  this  coun- 
try has  been  extravag-antly  stated  by  the  Portu- 
guese, but  Capt.  Tuckey,  and  recent  travellers, 
contradict  these  accounts.  The  largest  town  vis- 
ited by  Captain  Tuckey,  did  not  contain  above 
100  huts,  and  600  inhabitants.  The  prince  who 
can  muster  200  troops,  and  arm  half  of  them  with 
musquets,  becomes  the  terror  of  all  this  part  of 
Africa. 

Congo  River.     See  Zaire, 

Congoon,  t.  Laristan,  in  Persia,  on  the  shore  of 
the  Persian  gulf.  1 10  m.  S.  Shiraz.  Lon.  52°  5' 
E.     Pop.  6  or  7,000. 

Congress,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

Conhocton  creek,  N.  Y.  runs  into  the  Tioga  at 
Painted-Post,  after  a  course  of  70  miles. 

Conhocton,  t.  Steuben  co.  (N.  Y.)  N.  W.  Bath. 

Coni,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Stura 
and  Gezzo.  It  was  till  lately,  a  place  of  great 
strength,  but  was  dismantled  by  the  French  after 
the  battle  of  Marengo.  Its  trade  is  very  brisk 
with  Lombardy,  Switzerland,  and  Germany. 
The  principal  articles  are  corn  and  hemp,  but 
silk  is  the  only  imjiortant  manufacture.  35  m. 
S.  E.  Turin.  Lon.  7°  38'  E.  Lat.  44°  24  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Conjee,  district,  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic.  intersec- 
ted by  the  Palar  river. 

Conjeveran,  t.  Hindostan.  Lon.  79°  45'  E.  Lat. 
12°  48'  N. 

Coniglione,  t.  Sicily,  16  m.  S.  W.  Palermo. 

Cow?,  ton  the  coast  of  Spain,  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ca- 
diz.    Lon.  6°  9'  W.  Pop.  3,000. 

Conimeer,  t.  Hind.  12  m.  N.  Pondicherry. 

Conisbrough,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Doncaster. 

Coniston  Lake,  or  Thurston  Water,  Eng.  in 
Lancashire. 

Conits,  t.  W.  Prussia,  60  m.  S.  W.  Dantzic. 

Conliege,  t.  France,  3  m.  S.  E.  Lons  le  Saul- 
nier. 

Connaught,  one  of  the  4  provinces  into  which 
Ireland  is  divided,  containing  the  counties  of  Gal- 
way,  Mayo,  Sligo,  Leitrim  and  Roscommon. 

Connecticut  River,  the  largest  river  in  New- 
England,  rises  near  the  borders  of  Lower  Canada, 
and  running  south,  divides  New-Hampshire  from 
Vermont,  and  passing  through  Massachusetts  and 
Connecticut,  flows  into  Long-Island  Sound,  be- 
tween Saybrook  and  Lyme.  Its  whole  length  is 
410  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  10 
feet  water,  36  miles,  to  Middletown  ;  for  small 
sloops,  50  miles,  to  Hartford  ;  and  by  means  of  ca- 
nals and  other  improvements,  ithas  been  rendered 
passable  for  boats  to  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls,  250 
miles  further.  The  perpendicular  height  of  the 
falls  which  have  been  overcome  by  dams  and 
locks  between  Springfield,  in  Massachusetts,  and 
Hanover,  in  New-Hampshire,  a  distance  of  130 
miles,  is  about  200  feet. 

Connecticut  lake,  in  the  N.  part  of  N.  H,  It  is 
about  5i  miles  long  and  2^  broad,  and  is  one  of  the 
sources  of  Connecticut  river.     Lat.  45°  2'  N. 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N. 
by  Massachusetts  ;  E.  by  Rhode-Island  ;  S.  by 
Long-Island  Sound,  and  W.  by  New- York.  It 
lies  between  41°  and  42°  N.  lat.  and  between  71° 
50'  and  73°  43'  W.  lon.  It  is  90  mile?  long,  70 
broad,  and  contains  4,764  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1790, 237,946 ;  in  1800, 251,002;  in  1810,  261,942, 
of  whom  6,453  were  free  blacks,  and  340  slayes. 
The  coast  of  this  State  is  every  where  indented 
with  horbonrs.  the  principal  Qf  which  are  those  of 

25 


New-London,  New-Haven,  and  Bridgeport.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Thames,  the  Connecticut, 
and  the  Housatonick.  The  face  of  the  country  is 
hilly,  but  the  hills  are  generally  of  moderate  size, 
and  occur  in  quick  succession,  furnishing  the  trav- 
eller with  an  ever-varying  prospect.  The  great 
body  of  the  State  is  excellent  land.  Indian  corn, 
rye,  grass,  and  potatoes,  are  the  most  important 
productions. 

Among  the  literary  institutions  are,  Yale  Col- 
lege, in  New-Haven,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  re- 
spectable colleges  in  the  United  States ;  an  Epis- 
copal Theological  Seminary,  also  in  New-Haven ; 
Bacon  Academy  in  Colchester  ;  the  Episcopal 
Academy  at  Cheshire ;  the  Asylum  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  in  Hartford,  and  the  school  in  Corn- 
wall, for  educating  heathen  youth.  Common 
schools  are  very  liberally  supported.  The  Statehas 
a  fund  of  more  than  1,600,000  dollars,  the  income  of 
which  is,  by  law,  for  ever  applied  to  the  support  of 
common  schools. — The  Congregationalists  are  the 
most  numerous  religious  denomination.  In  1818, 
they  had  213  congregations ;  the  Episcopalian9 
74  ;  Baptists  90,  and  Methodists  53.  There  are 
very  few  of  any  other  sect. 

Connecticut  has  a  larger  proportion  of  her  citi- 
zens engaged  in  manufactures,  than  any  other 
State,  except  Rhode-Island.  The  manufacture  of 
tin  into  culinary  vessels,  is  carried  on  to  a  very 
great  extent.  The  ware,  thus  made,  is  taken  by 
pedlars,  and  sold  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
The  other  manufactures  are  nails,  glass,  hats,  but- 
tons, fire-arms,  and  wooden  clocks. — The  trade  of 
Connecticut  is  chiefly  with  the  West-India  islands 
and  the  Southern  States.  The  exports  consist  of 
horses,  mules,  butter  and  cheese,  cider,  Indian 
corn,  beef,  pork,  &c.  Much  of  the  produce  of  the 
western  parts  of  the  State  is  carried  to  New- York, 
and  of  the  eastern  parts,  to  Boston  and  Providence. 
The  amount  of  shipping  belonging  to  the  State  in 
1816,  was  60, 104  tons. 

Connecticut  Reserve,  often  called  jYew  Connecti- 
cut, is  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  border- 
ing on  Lake  Erie  and  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  120  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  on  an  aver- 
age, 52  broad,  containing  4,680  square  miles,  or 
3,000,000  acres.  It  is  divided  into  7  counties,  and 
is  principally  settled  by  emigrants  from  Massachu- 
setts and  Connecticut. 

Conneought,  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  Lake  Erie 
in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  State. 

Conneought,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

Connesaugah,  r.  one  of  the  head  streams  of  the 
Coosa.  From  the  boatable  part  of  this  creek, 
there  is  a  portage  of  8  or  10  miles  to  the  boatable 
part  of  the  Amoy. 

Connelsville,  p-t.  and  borough,  Fayette  co.  Pa. 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Youhiogany,  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  200  m.  from  Washington,  33  from 
Morgantown,  Va.  255  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
498.  In  its  vicinity  are  several  forges,  merchant 
mills,  and  other  mills. 

Connoie,  bay,  Newfoundland,  50  m.  E.  Cape 
Ray. 

Connor,  v.  Ireland,  17  m.  N.  Belfast. 

Conoloway  creek.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Delaware 
near  Hancock's  town,  in  Maryland. 

Conotten  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Muskingum 
6  or  8  m.  above  New  Philadelphia. 

Conques,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  E.  Carcassonne. 

Conquet,  Le,  t.  France,  16  m.  W.  Brest. 

Conradsburg,  Dutch  fort  on  the  Gold  Coast, 

Ccmraxfs  store,  p-r.  Rookhigham  co.  Va.  _ 


194 


CON 


Consar.    See  Klwnsar. 

Conselve,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  S.  Padua.     l*op.  6,700. 
ComeCs  Bay,  Barbadoes,  10  m.  N.  E.  Bridge- 
town. 

Constable,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  bordering  on 
Canada,  14  m.  N.  Malone,     Pop.  916. 

Constance,  t.  Baden,  on  the  lake  of  Constance, 
at  the  spot  where  the  Rhine  flows  from  the  upper 
into  the  lower  lake.  Constance  is  memorable  for 
the  meeting  of  the  famous  council  (between  1414 
and  1418,)  which  sentenced  John  Huss  and  Je- 
rome of  Prague  to  the  flames.  30  m.  N.  E.  Zurich. 
Lon.  9°  8'  E.  Lat.  47°  30'  N.     Pop.  4,420. 

Constance,  Lake  of,  a  lake,  35  miles  long  and 
about  12  broad,  between  Germany  and  Switzer- 
land. It  is  divided  into  the  Upper  and  Lower 
lakes.  The  banks  are  fertile,  well  cultivated,  and 
lined  with  agreeable  towns,  villages,  and  castles. 
Consiantia,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  Lake. 
Pop.  153. 

Constantia,  p-v.  Acadia  co.  Louisiana. 
Consiantia,  t.  and  cap.  Pope  co.  Illinois. 
Constantina,  t.  Spain,  20  m.  N.  W.  Cordova. 
Conslantina,  a  province  in  the  E.  part  of  Al- 
giers, bounded  E.by  Tunis,  W.  by  Algiers  Proper, 
S.  by  the  desert,  and  N.  by  the  Mediterranean.  It 
is  230  miles  long,  from  E.  to  W.  and  109  broad.  It 
is  the  most  fertile,  best  cultivated,  and  every  way 
the  most  improved  part  of  the  Algerine  territory. 
In  1806,  the  British  concluded  a  treaty  with  the 
dey  of  Algiers,  by  which  they  stipulated  to  pay 
11,000/.  annually,  in  consideration  of  which  they 
obtained  possession  of  La  Cala,  Bona,  and  II  Cul- 
iu,  with  permission  not  only  to  trade,  but  even  to 
erect  fortifications. 

Constantina,  the  capital  of  the  province  above 
described,  occupies  the  site  of  Cirta,  celebrated 
as  the  ancient  bulwark  of  Numidia.  It  is  built  on 
a  high  rock,  formed  into  a  species  of  peninsula  by 
the  Rummel.  Here  are  to  be  seen  many  ruins  of 
the  ancient  city.  160  m.  E.  Algiers,  180  W.  Tu- 
nis.    Lon.  6o  24'  E.  Lat.  36°  25'  N. 

Constantino  Perez,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Val- 
divia,  in  Chili. 

Constantinople,  the  ancient  Byzantium,  and 
called  by  the  Turks  Stomiow/,  city  of  Europe,  and 
capital  of  the  Turkish  empire,  is  beautifully  situa- 
ted on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bosphorus,  or  straits  of 
Constantinople,  between  the  Black  sea  and  the 
sea  of  Marmora.  Lon.  28°  56'  E.  Lat.  41°.  N. 
The  city  stands  chiefly  on  a  slope,  on  seven  emi- 
nences, which  rise  above  each  other  in  beautiful 
succession,  presenting  a  fine  view  to  the  approach- 
ing spectator.  The  harbour  is  not  on  the  side  of 
the  sea,  but  in  a  long,  capacious  inlet,  running 
along  the  N.  side  of  the  town.  It  is  of  suflicient 
depth  for  the  largest  vessels,  and  can  Contain  1200 
Hail,  and  has  an  open  navigation  to  the  Euxine  on 
the  N.  and  the  Mediterranean  on  the  S.  The 
form  of  the  city  is  triangular,  with  one  side  on  the 
harbour,  another  on  the  sea  of  Marmora,  and  the 
third  and  longest  towards  the  land.  It  is  surroun- 
ded with  walls.  The  streets  are  in  general  nar- 
row, gloomy,  and  slanting  ;  badly  paved,  and  in- 
cumbered with  dust  or  mud.  The  houses  are 
low,  built  of  wood  and  earth,  and  conflagrations 
are  frequent.  The  number  of  mosques  is  about 
300.  The  oldest  and  most  interesting  is  that  of  St. 
Sophia,  which  was  built  by  the  emperor  Justinian. 
The  interior  still  retains  much  of  its  ancient  gran- 
deur. The  numberof  Christian  churches  in  Con- 
stantinople and  its  neighbourhood  is  22.  The  se- 
raglio includes  not  merely  the  apartments  of  the 


COO 

women,  but  is  an  assemblage  of  palaces  and 
buildings,  9  miles  in  circumference,  inhabited  by 
the  sultan  and  his  court.  It  occupies  the  prom- 
ontory or  point  of  land  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
city.  The  entrance  of  the  first  court  is  very  wide 
and  lofty ;  in  this  are  the  mint,  the  principal 
mosque,  an  hospital,  and  other  buildings.  The 
second  court  is  called  the  Divan-court,  the  great 
council  chamber  being  there.  To  the  N.  adjoin- 
ing the  Divan  is  the  third  court  or  seraglio, 
properly  so  called,  in  which  are  the  apartments  of 
the  women.  Through  it  tliere  is  a  narrow  cover- 
ed passage,  leading  to  the  audience  chamber  of  the 
sultan,  which  is  of  amazing  magnificence,  partic- 
ularly the  throne. 

The  population  of  Constantinople  is  variously 
estimated.  Eton  computes  it  at  300,000  ;  others 
make  it  much  more.  About  one  half  are  Turks, 
and  the  remainder  Greeks,  Christians,  Arme- 
nians, Franks,  and  Jews. 

The  suburb  of  Galata  stands  opposite  to  the  se* 
raglio  on  the  N.  side  of  the  harbour ;  it  is  inhabit- 
ed only  by  merchants  and  seafaring  people.  To 
the  west  is  the  suburb  Tophana  [cannon  foundery.] 
On  the  heights  above  tliis  suburb  stands  Pera, 
principally  occupied  by  individuals  in  the  suites 
of  ambassadors  to  the  Porte  from  the  different  Eu- 
ropean powers.  Scutari,  though  standing  on 
Asiatic  ground,  and  separated  from  Constantino- 
ple by  the  Bosphorus,  is  still  accounted  a  suburb 
of  the  great  city.  The  castle  of  the  seven  towers 
is  a  state  prison  near  the  sea  of  Marmora. 

Contai,  t.  Bengal,  in  Jellasore.  Lon.  87°  54' 
E.  Lat.  21°  48'  N. 

Contessa,  Gulf  of,  Eu.  Turkey,  between  the 
peninsula  of  Mount  Atlas,  and  the  coast  of  Mace- 
donia and  Romania. — Contessa,  the  s-p.  is  on  a 
small  island,  at  the  bottom  of  the  gulf,  48  m.  JV.  E. 
Salonica.     Lon.  24°  8'  E .  Lat.  40°  40'  N. 

Conteville,  t.  France,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Seine. 

Contin,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Rosshire. 

Contoocook,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Merrimack 
at  Concord. 

Contrecoeur,  seigniory,  Surrey  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  12  m.  W. 
William-Henry.  The  river  Sorelle  passes  through 
its  S.  E.  corner. 

Contreki,  s-p.  Ommon,  in  Arabia,  180  m.  S. 
Muskat. 

Contreras,  islands,  off  the  coast  of  Veragua,  ia 
lat.  7°  45'  N. 

Contursi,  t.  Naples,  25  m.  E.  Salerno. 

Coniy,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  Amiens. 

Concersera,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  13^  46' 
E.  Lat.  45°  20'  N. 

Conicay,  r.  Wales,  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  counties  of  Caernarvon  and  Denbigh,  and 
falls  into  the  Irish  sea  at  Aberconway. 

Conway,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New 
Holland.    Lon.  21 1°  28'  W.  Lat.  20°  36'  S. 

Conway,  t.  New  Brunswick,  Sudbury  co.  on  the 
W.  side  of  St.  John's  river,  and  bordering  on  the 
bay  of  Fundy.  Musquash  cove,  in  this  town, 
forms  a  good  harbor. 

Conway,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  Saco  river. 
50m.  N.N.  E.Concord.     Pop.  1,080. 

Conway,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  6  m.  W.  S.W. 
Greenfield,  13  N.  W.  Northampton.     Pop.  l,784v 

Conwayborough,  p-v.  Horry  co.  S.  C. 

Conyngham,  p-v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Conza,  t.  Naples,  58  m.  E.  Naples. 

Coochbehar,  a  district  of  Hindostan,  lying  be- 
tween 26°  and  27°  N.  lat.  and  bordering  on  Bo©- 


coo 


COP 


195 


tan.  It  was  formerly  an  independent  kingdom, 
but  is  now  included  in  the  province  of  Bengal. 

Cook^s  Inlet,  or  Rivery  a  large  inlet  on  the  W. 
coast  of  N.  America,  between  Cape  Elizabeth, 
and  Cape  Douglas,  or  between  Ion.  207°  9'  and 
207°  45'  E.  latl  58°  42'  and  59°  10'  N.  This  inlet 
was  explored  by  captain  Cook  for  210  miles,  and 
afterwards  completely  by  Vancouver,  who  found 
that  it  terminated  in  Ion.  211°  17'  E.  and  lat  61" 
29' N. 

Cook^s  Slrnit,  the  strait  which  divides  the  two 
islands  of  New  Zealand. 

Cooka^  Dar,  courttry,  of  central  Africa. 

Cooke's  Bay,  Easter  island.  Lon,  109°  35'  W. 
Lat.  27°  11' S. 

Cooke's  Lmv-office,  p-v.  Elbert  co.  Geo. 

Cooke' s  settlement,  Missouri,  30  m,  fr.  St,  Gene- 
vieve, 8  fr.  Murphy's  settlement. 

Cookeslown,  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Coolgreny,  t,  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  3  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Arklow. 

Coolidge  landing,  t.  Md.  on  the  Patuxent,  28  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Annapolis. 

Cooloo,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Mahanuddy.  Lon.  85° 
17' E.  Lat.  20°  18' N. 

Coolspring,  t  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  521. 

Cooli/  Point,  at  the  N.  entrance  into  Dundalk 
bay,  Ireland.     Lat.  53°  57'  N. 

Coomtalh,  i.  Hind.  45  m.  N.  E.  Nagpore. 

Corrper's  Island,  off  Java,  near  Batavia. 

Cooper,  r.  S.  C.  passes  along  the  E.  side  of  the 
'■ity  of  Charleston,  and  meets  the  Ashley,  in 
Charleston  harbor.  A  canal  connects  it  with  the 
Santee,  and  opens  a  navigable  communication 
between  Charleston  and  the  interior  country. 

Cooper,  CO.  Missouri. 

Cooper's  ferry,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

Cooperstown,  p-v.  and  cap.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  in 
the  township  of  Otsego,  at  the  S.  W.  end  of  Otse- 
go lake.  It  is  on  one  of  the  western  turnpikes 
through  New  York  State,  12  m.  W.  Cherry  val- 
ley, 67  W.  Albany,  45  fr.  Johnstown  on  the  Mo- 
hawk. Pop.  about  600.  Lon.  74°  48*  W.  Lat. 
420  44'  jf .     It  contains  a  courthouse  and  jail,  and 

2  churches.  'I'he  Susquehannah  issues  from  the 
lake,  and  various  mills  are  erected  upon  it. 

Cooperstown,  v.  Harford  co.  Md.  12  m.  N.  W. 
Harford,  24  N.  E.  Baltimore. 

Coorg,  a  mountainous  and  woody  district,  of 
Southern  India,  between  Mysore  and  Malabar  ;  it 
produces  sandal  wood  and  teak  timber,  rice,  pep- 
per, and  some  other  spices. 

Coos,  in  Sac.  Gcog.     See  Stanchio. 

Coos,  CO.  N.  H.  bounded  N.  by  Lower  Canada, 
E.  by  Maine,  S.  by  Grafton  and  Stratford  coun- 
ties, and  W.  by  Connecticut  river,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Vermont.  Pop.  3,991.  Chief  town, 
Lancaster. 

Coos,  Lower,  and  Upper,  two  tracts  of  country, 
N.  H.  Upper  Coos  lies  S.  of  Upper  Ammonoosuc 
river.  Lanf;aster  is  in  this  tract.  Lower  Coos 
lies  S.  of  Lower  Ammonoosuc  river.  In  this  tract, 
is  Haverhill. 

Coosa,  r.  the  N.  branch  of  the  Alabama,  is  for- 
med by  the  union  of  Etowlah  and  Oostenalah  riv- 
ers, in  Geo.  and  meets  the  Talapoosa,  3  m.  below 
Fort  Jackson.  There  is  a  fall  in  it,  "7  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  rapids  thence  for  50  miles  to  Fort 
William ;  above  which,  boats  may  proceed  within 

3  miles  of  the  waters  that  flow  into  the  Tennessee. 
See  Connesaugah. 

Coosaw,  or  Coosawatchie,  r.  S.  C.  rum  S.  S.  E. 


into  Broad  river,  and  Whale  branch,  which  sepa^ 
rate  Port  Royal  island  from  the  main  land. 

Coosaivatchie,  p-t.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C  on 
the  W.  side  of  Coosaw,  27  m.  N.  W.  Beaufort,  70 
W.  S.  W.  Charleston.  The  courts  for  the  district 
are  held  here. 

Cooserah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  47'  E. 
Lat.  25°  6' N. 

Cootehill^  t  Ireland,  53  m.  N.  W.  Dublin,  11  N. 
E.  Cavan. 

Cootra,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  79°  28'  E. 
Lat.  25°  45'  N. 

Coofsiown,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  17  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Reading,  73  N.  N.  W.  Philadelphia.  It  coutaiu? 
about  40  houses,  and  a  church. 

Copais,  lake,  Greece,  in  Livadia. 

Copenhagen,  the  metropolis  of  the  Danish  mon=i 
archy,  and  one  of  the  best  built  cities  in  Europe, 
stands  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Zealand,  in 
the  channel  of  the  Baltic,  called  the  Sound,  about 
20  miles  from  the  narrow  passage  of  that  name. 
Its  position  is  on  a  low  tract,  surrounded  with 
small  lakes,  and  partly  intersected  by  inlets  of  the 
sea.  It  is  encompassed  with  walls.  Some  of  the 
streets  are  narrow  and  inconvenient,  others  broad 
and  well  paved.  Most  of  the  houses  are  modern, 
and  built  of  brick  or  stone.  The  finer  edifices 
are  of  free  stone.  That  part  of  the  new  town 
called  Amalienburg  was  built  by  Frederick  V. 
and  is  extremely  beautiful. 

The  harbor  of  Copenhagen  is  formed  by  a  nar- 
row arm  of  the  sea,  running  between  the  city  and 
the  opposite  island  of  Amack ;  it  is  capable  of 
containing  500  merchantmen,  and  though  the  en- 
trance is  so  narrow,  that  one  ship  only  can  enter 
at  a  time,  the  depth  is  sufficient  to  admit  vessels 
of  the  largest  size  ;  they  come  in  the  canals  close 
to  the  warehouses,  where  they  load  and  unload 
their  cargoes,  A  part  of  this  harbor  is  appropri- 
ated to  the  royal  navy.  The  shipping  belonging 
to  tlie  port  may  be  computed,  on  an  average,  at 
400  vessels,  manned  by  nearly  6,000  seamen. 

Copenhagen  is  not  only  the  residence  of  th» 
court,  but  tiie  seat  of  all  the  great  public  estab* 
lishments  of  the  kingdom.  'The  bishop  of  Zea. 
land  has  his  residence  here ;  and  there  are  20 
churches,  and  several  Jewish  synagogues.  Of  the 
22  hospitals,  the  most  splendid  is  that  of  Frederick 
V. ;  but  the  most  interesting  is  the  lying-in  hospi- 
tal, to  which  is  attached  a  school  of  midvnfery, 
and  a  foundling  hospital.  The  university  has 
considerable  funds,  and,  on  an  average,  700  stu- 
dents, of  whom  168  are  maintained  from  public 
funds.  The  library  is  voluminous,  but  with  few 
books  of  recent  date.  The  royal  library  amply 
compensates  for  the  deficiency  of  that  of  the  uni- 
versity, being  a  superb  collection  of  more  thaa 
250,000  A'olumes. 

In  October,  1728,  a  dreadful  fire  broke  out, 
which  consumed  two  thirds  of  the  town  ;  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1794,  another  fire  destroyed  nearly  1000 
houses.  In  the  attack  by  the  British  in  1807, 
above  300  houses,  including  the  cathedral  and 
part  of  the  university,  were  destroyed,  while  dou- 
ble that  number  was  damaged.  Pop.  105,000. 
170  m.  N.  E.  Hamburg,  315  S.  W.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  12°  35'  6"  E.  Lat.  55°  41'  4"  N. 

Copenick,  t.  Prussia,  on  an  island  in  the  Spree, 
9  m.  S.  E.  Berlin. 

Copet,  t.  Switz.  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Geneva. 

Copiapo,  the  most  northerly  province  of  Chili. 
It  extends  from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific.    It  is 


m 


COR 


COR 


thinly  inhabited,  but  has  an  abundance  of  copper, 
and  other  minerals.  Copiapo,  the  capital,  is  on 
the  roast,  in  lat.  26°  50'  S. 

Copland  Islands,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lat. 
54°  39'  N. 

Copper-Mine  River,  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
sea.     Lon.  111°  5'  W.  Lat.  69°  N, 

Copper-Mine  River,  Upper  Canada,  runs  into 
lake  Superior,  in  lat.  46°  N. 

Copper  river,  N.  W.  Territory,  after  a  course 
of  300  miles,  joins  the  Chippeway,  30  m.  above 
its  mouth. 

Coquet,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  German  ocean, 
opposite  Coquet  island. 

Coquimbo,  province,  of  Chili,  extending  from 
the  Andes  to  the  Paciric.  It  is  of  an  extremely 
benign  temperature,  enjoying  throughout  the 
year  a  perpetual  spring.  It  has  mines  of  gold, 
silver,  lead,  sulphur,  and  especially  copper,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  exported.  Pop.  15,000. 
Coquimbo,  the  capital,  is  a  mile  from  the  sea,  and 
has  a  convenient  port.  174  m.  N.  W.  Santiago. 
Lon.  71°  18' VV.  Lat.  30°  S. 

Cora,  t.  cap,  of  the  island  of  Samos.  It  is  a 
poor,  ill-built  place,  and  has  about  230  houses, 
and  12  small  churches. 

Coraan,  peninsula,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
separated  from  A  chill  island  by  a  narrow  chan- 
nel. 

Corace,  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Squil- 
lace.     Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Corachie,  or  Kurachee,  s-p,  Afghanistan,  in  the 
provmce  of  Sinde,  supposed  to  be  the  Sangada  of 
Arrian.  Lat.  24°  52'  N.  Lon.  67°  17'  E.  It  is 
now  the  principal  port  of  the  province.  Its  ex- 
ports are  saltpetre,  rice,  cotton,  butter,  oil,  hors- 
es, and  many  other  valuable  commodities  brought 
from  Cabul  and  the  northern  provinces.  Its  im- 
ports are  metals,  ivory,  tea,  s\igar,  spices,  and  the 
manufactures  of  India  and  Europe. 

Coraco,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Mctelin.     Lon.  26°  20'  E.  Lat.  39°  24'  N. 

Coradge,  r.  Syria,  runs  into  the  Mediterranean, 
4  m.  S.  Tortosa. 

Corah,  a  district  of  Hindostan,  in  Allahabad,  be- 
tween the  Jnmna  and  Ganges,  and  extending 
from  26°  to  27°  N.  lat.  It  belongs  to  the  British, 
and  is  included  in  the  colleclorship  of  Cawnpore. 
Corah,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  80°  40'  E.  lat.  26° 
6'  N.  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  grain 
and  cotton. 

Coranlin.     See  Corentin. 

Corbach,  t.  cap.  of  the  principality  of  Waldeck, 
on  the  Iller,  70  m.  E.  Cologne. 

Corbana,  t.  Corsica,  8  m.  N.  E.  Calvi. 

Corbcil,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  Paris.     Pop.  3,600. 

Corbie,  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  Amiens. 

Corhigny  St.  Leonard,  t.  France,  on  the  Yonne. 
Lon.  3°  45'  E.  Lat.  47°  16'  N. 

Corbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  4  m.  E. 
Hexham. 

Corby,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire. 

Cord.es,  t.  France,  1 1  m.  N.  E.  Gaillac. 

Cordes  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  5  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Fortescue  bay. 

Cordevole,  r.  Venetian  territory,  runs  into  the 
Piave,  between  Belluno  and  Feltre. 

Cordilleras.     See  Andes. 

Cordova,  province,  Spain,  forming  the  middle 
part  of  Andalusia.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Gua- 
dalquivir ;  and  produces  abundance  of  corn,  fruit, 
wine,  and  olives.     Pop.  260,000. 


Cordova,  city,  Spain,  is  agreeably  situated  ou 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir.  It  was  known 
in  the  time  of  the  Romans.  Here  are  the  remains 
of  a  palace  of  the  Moorish  kings ;  but  the  most 
interesting  edifice  is  the  cathedral,  which  is  a 
magnificent  monument,  534  feet  long,  and  387 
■wride. — Cordova  was  always  noted  as  a  place  of 
trade,  and  is  still  remarkable  for  the  kind  of  lea- 
ther called,  from  this  town.  Cordovan,  or  Cord- 
wain.  75  m.  N.  E.  Seville,  120  N.  E.  Cadiz,  180 
S.  S.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  4°  45'  5.3"  VV.  Lat.  37° 
52'13"N.     Pop.  30,000. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  S.  America,  the  S.  part 
of  Buenos  Ayres.  It  contains  105,000  sq.  miles, 
and  75,000  inhabitants.    Cordova  is  the  capital. 

Cordova,  city,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  is  in 
lat.  31°  30'  S.  and  lon.  63°  30'  W.  on  the  river 
Primero,  450  m.  N.  N.  W.  Buenos  Ayres.  Pop. 
4,500.  It  carries  on  a  considerable  trade,  partic- 
ularly in  mules,  who  are  collected  in  immense 
droves  from  the  neighboring  provinces,  and  sent 
over  the  Andes  to  Peru. 

Cordova,  t.  Mexico,  in  Vera  Cruz.  It  contains 
800  families,  and  carries  on  a  great  trade  in  sugar 
and  tobacco.  150  m.  E.  Mexico.  Lon.  96°  56'  E. 
Lat.  18°  50' N. 

Cordouan,  Tour  de,  a  light-house  in  France,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Garonne,  40  m.  S.  W.  La  Ro- 
chelle,  57  N.  W.  Bourdeaux.  Lat.  45®  35' 
15"  N. 

Core  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  20  miles  long. 
Lon,  77°  5'  W.  Lat.  34°  38'  N.  It  communicates 
with  PamHco  sound  on  the  N. ;  Beaufort  inlet 
leads  into  it  on  the  S.     See  Beaufort. 

Corea,  a  large  country  of  Asia,  E.  of  China, 
and  consisting  of  a  peninsula  formed  on  one  side 
by  the  Yellow  sea,  and  on  the  other  by  the  sea  of 
Japan,  400  miles  long,  and  150  broad.  Very  little 
is  known  to  Europeans  about  this  country.  The 
king  pays  tribute  to  the  emperor  of  China ;  and 
in  manners,  religion,  and  written  language,  the 
people  resemble  the  Chinese.  The  spoken  dialect 
is  entirely  different.  The  same  jealousy  of  for- 
eign intercourse  exists  as  in  China  and  Japan. 

Corella,  t.  Spanish  Navarre,  on  the  Alhama,  8 
m.  W.  Tudela. 

Corentin,  r.  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  in  N.  lat.  3°  50',  about  5  leagues  W.  Ber- 
bice. 

Corfe-Castle,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  in  the  pe- 
ninsula of  Purbec.  The  castle  is  of  very  high 
antiquity,  and  was  deemed  impregnable  before 
the  invention  of  artillery.  Its  walls  and  towers 
are  now  demolished     4  m.  S.  E.  Wareham. 

Corfu,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  V^enice,  45  miles  long,  and 
25  broad.  It  is  the  first  in  rank,  though  not  in 
size,  of  the  seven  islands  composing  the  Ionian 
republic.  The  climate  is  mild,  but  liable  to  sud- 
den transitions  from  heat  to  cold.  The  island 
exports  considerable  quaptities  of  oil  and  salt. 
Its  other  productions  are  olives,  oranges,  lemons, 
honey,  and  wax.  Pop.  about  60,000.  The  Corfutes 
profe.ss,  in  general,  the  Greek  religion.  This  inland 
being  in  a  manner  the  key  of  the  Adriatic,  has  al- 
ways been  of  considerable  political  importance. — 
See  Ionian  Islands. 

Corfu,  (an.  Corcyra,)  cap.  of  the  island  of  Cor- 
fu, on  the  E.  coast,  on  the  slope  of  a  promontory, 
at  the  foot  of  which  the  port  opens.  It  is  neither 
large  nor  well  built;  but  is  very  strong.  The  in- 
habitants ajnount  to  about  15,000,  and  carry  on  a 


COR 


COR 


i9i 


considerable  trade.    Lon.  20°  17'  E.    Lat.  39° 
40' N. 

Cargo,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf,  about  2  m.  N. 
Karak, 

Coria,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  on  the  Alagon, 
110  m.  W.  S.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  6°  16'  W.  Lat. 
39°  56'  N. 

Coringa,  s-p.  Hind,  in  the  northern  circars,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  It  is  the  best 
port  on  the  coast  of  Coromaudel.  It  carries  on  a 
considerable  trade  with  Bengal  and  Pegue.  Lon. 
82°  29'  E.  Lat.  16°  49'  N. 

Corinth,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  the  isth- 
mus of  Corinth.  In  ancient  times,  it  Avas  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  cities  of  Greece,  adorned 
with  theatres,  fountains,  and  various  public  build- 
ings, from  the  style  of  which  a  new  order  of  ar- 
chitecture took  its  name.  But  the  greater  part 
of  this  magnificence  disappeared  on  the  capture 
of  the  town  by  Mummius,  the  Roman  consul,  in 
B.  C.  146,  when  the  chefs  d^ce.uvre  of  art  were 
either  broken  in  pieces  by  the  soldiers,  or  trans- 
ported to  Rome.  At  the  present  day,  Corinth  pre- 
sents more  the  appearance  of  a  village  than  a  town. 
The  traces  of  the  ancient  walls  are  however  dis- 
cernible, and  the  citadel,  or  Acro-Corinthos,  still 
remains.  Corinth  had  two  harbors :  one  of  wliich 
still  forms  the  port  of  the  town ;  the  other  in  the 
gulf  of  Egina,  called  Cenchrea,  is  now  little  fre- 
quented. 48  m.  E.  Athens,  342  S.  W,  Constanti- 
nople. Lon.  23°  28'  29"  E.  Lat.  37°  58'  22"  N. 
Pop.  about  1,400. 

Corinth,  Isthmus  of,  the  narrow  neck  of  land, 
which  separates  the  gulf  of  Lepanto  from  that  of 
Egina,  and  connects  the  peninsula  of  the  Morea 
with  the  rest  of  Greece.  In  its  narrowest  part  it 
U  only  5  or  6  miles  across. 

Corinth,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  at  the  fork 
of  the  roads,  18  m.  N.  W.  Bangor.  Pop.  189.  It 
is  a  fine  flourishing  town. 

Corinth,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  41  m.  N.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,876. 

Cork,  CO.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Limerick,  E. 
by  Tipperary  and  Waterford,  S.  by  the  ocean, 
and  W.  by  Kerry.  It  contains  19  baronies,  269 
parishes,  76,739  houses,  and  416,000  inhabitants. 

Cork,  city,  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  Cork  co.  is  on 
the  Lee,  420  m.  S.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  8°  30'  W. 
Lat.  51°  40'  N.  The  town  has  been  very  much 
enlarged  and  improved  of  late,  and  its  population 
is  now  estimated  at  90,000.  It  stands  about  16 
miles  from  the  sea,  and  its  harbor,  or  the  Cove  of 
Cork,  9  miles  below  the  town,  has  long  been  cele- 
brated as  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  It  is  suffi- 
ciently capacious  for  any  number  of  vessels ;  and 
the  entrance  is  deep  and  narrow,  and  defended  by 
a  fort  on  each  side. 

Great  quantities  of  salt  provisions  are  export- 
ed from  Cork,  and  during  the  slaughtering  sea- 
son, 100,000  head  of  black  cattle  are  prepared. 
The  other  exports  consist  of  butter,  candles,  soap, 
whiskey,  &c.  Its  manufactures  are  sail-cloth, 
sheeting-paper,  leather,  glue,  glass,  coarse  cloth, 
&c. 

Corlal,  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  the  gulf  of  Is  Nikmid, 
near  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Chalcedon. 

Corlay,  t.  France,  20  m.  S.  St.  Brieux. 

Corleone,  or  Coriglione,  t.  Sicily,  24  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Palermo.     Pop.  12,000. 

Corlin,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Farther  Pomera- 
nia.  Pop.  900.  14  m.  S .  E.  Colberg.  Lon.  15° 
45' E.  Lat.  54°  2' N. 


Cormachiti,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cyprus. 
Lon.  33°  5'  E.  Lat.  35°  33'  N. 

Cormanline,  t.  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  3  m.  E. 
Annamaboe. 

Corneto,  t.  Italy,  38  m.  N.  W.  Rome. 
Cornish,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river,  50 
m.  N.  York.     Pop.  971. 

Cornish,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  16  m.  S.  Dartmouth  college,  34  N.  W, 
Concord.     Pop.  1,606. 

Cornouaille,  t.  France,  21  m.  W.  Angers. 
Comville,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  11  m.  E.N. 
E.  Norridgewock,  44  N.  Hallowell.     Pop.  504. 
Wesserunset  river  runs  tlirough  the  centre  of  the 
town,  and  several  mills  are  erected  on  it. 

Cornwall,  maritime  co.  England,  forming  the 
S.  W.  extremity  of  Great  Britain.  It  is  surround- 
ed by  the  sea,  except  on  the  E.  side,  where  it  is 
bounded  by  Devonshire.  It  is  washed  on  the  N. 
by  the  Bristol  channel,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
British  channel,  the  Land's  End  being  the 
point  at  which  these  two  seas  meet.  It  contains 
1407  sq.  miles,  and  188,117  inhabitants;  families 
44,189,  of  which  number  17,465  are  engaged  in 
agriculture,  10,954,  in  trade  and  manufactures, 
and  15,770  in  other  ways.  The  principal  wealth 
of  Cornwall  is  derived  from  its  mines.  In  1800, 
there  were  45  mines  of  copper,  28  of  tin,  18  of 
copper  and  tin,  2  of  lead,  1  of  lead  and  silver,  1 
of  copper  and  silver,  1  of  silver,  1  of  copper  and 
cobalt,  1  of  tin  and  cobalt,  and  1  of  antimony. — 
The  annual  produce  of  the  copper  mines  has  late- 
ly amounted  in  value  to  350,000/.  ;  and  of  the  tin 
mines  to  more  than  250,000/.  This  county  pos- 
sesses more  parliamentary  boroughs  than  any 
other  in  the  kingdom,  and  sends  44  members  t» 
parliament. 

Cornuiall,  t.  St.  Ormond  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  60  m.  below  Prescott. 

Cornwall,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek,  36 
m.  S.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,279. 

Cornwall,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Conn,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Housatonick  river,  10  m.  N.  W.  Litchfield. 
Pop.  1,602. — There  is  a  Foreign  Mission  School  in 
this  place,  under  the  direction  of  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions, 
established  in  1817,  for  the  purpose  of  educating 
heathen  youth  from  various  parts  of  the  world. 
After  they  have  received  their  education,  they 
are  to  be  sent  home  to  instruct  their  own  country- 
men. In  1820,  the  number  of  pupils  was  29  ;  of 
whom  19  were  American  Indians,  and  6  from  the 
islands  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Several  natives  of 
the  Sandwich  islands,  who  were  educated  at  this 
school,  have  already  returned  to  their  country 
well  qualified  for  usefulness. 

Cornwall,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
below  Newburg,   52  m.  N.  New  York.      Pop. 
1,769.     In  this  town  is  Tfest  Point,  which  see. 
Cornwall-bridge,  p-v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct, 
Cornwall,  Cape,  at  the  S.  W,  extremity  of  Eng- 
land.    Lon.  5°  55'  W.  Lat.  50°  10'  N. 

Cornwall,  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point,  on  Endeavour 
Straits,  in  New  Holland.  Lon.  141°  E.  Lat.  10° 
43' S. 

Cornwall,  JVeiv,  a  name  applied  to  the  country 
on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America,  extending  from 
lat,  53°  15' to  ,5705' N. 

Cornwallis,  co.  comprehends  that  part  of  Lower 
Canada,  which  lies  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, between  Devonshire,  and  the  District  of 
Ga«pe. 


19$ 


COR 


Comwallis,  t  on  the  W.  coast  of  Nora  Scotia, 
42m.N.  W.Halifax. 

Comwallis  Point,  cape,  near  the  N.  W.  coast 
ofN.  America.  Lon.  225^2  57  E.  Lat.  56° 
56' N. 

Corny,  (an.  Jlpamea,)  t.  Arabia,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates. 

C'oro,  s-p.  Venezuela,  in  a  dry  sandy  plain,  to- 
tally destitute  of  water,  240  m.  W.  Caraccas. 
Lon.  69°  40'  W.  Lat.  11°  24'  N. 

Coromandel,  a  long  line  of  sea  coast,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  extending  from  the 
Kistnah  river  to  Point  Calymere,  nearly  350 
miles.  Although  it  contains  a  number  of  flour- 
ishing towns,  it  does  not  possess  a  good  harbor  in 
its  whole  extent. 

Coron,  s-p.  Morea,  on  a  peninsula,  in  the  gulf  of 
Coron,  16  m.  S.Modon,  40  S.  W.Misitra. 

Coronota,  isl.  Austrian  empire,  in  the  Adriatic, 
Lon.  15°  40'  E.  Lat.  44°  5'  N. 

Coronda,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  5  leagues  S.  W. 
Sante  Fe. 

Corps,  t.  France,  25  m.  S.  E.  Grenoble.    . 

Corpsnuds,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Rennes. 

Corral  de  Almaguer,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  21 
m.  fr.  Ocana.     Pop.  4,000. 

Corregio,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  N.  W.  Modena. 

Corresse,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  12  m.  N.  Tivoli. 

Correse,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Vezere, 
a  branch  of  the  Dordogne. 

Correze,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  N. 
by  Creuse,  E.  by  Puy  de  Dome  and  Cantal,  S.  by 
Lot,  S.  W.  by  Dordogne,  and  N.  W.  by  Vienna. 
Tulle  is  the  capital.     Pop.  255,000. 

Correze,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  E.  Tulle. 

Corridico,  t.  Istria,  37  m.  S.  by  E.  Trent. 

Corrie.     See  Hutlon  and  Carrie. 

Corrienies,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
23°  48'  S. 

Corrienies,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Parana  and  Paraguay.  Pop.  in  1801,  4,500. 
480  m.  N.  Buenos  Ayres.  Lon.  58°  25'  W.  Lat. 
27°  27'  S. 

Corrienies,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  lat.  5°  30'  N. ;  another,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Cuba,  in  lon.  84°  30'  W.  lat.  21°  38'  N. ;  another, 
on  the  coast  of  Mexico,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  in 
Ion.  105°  20'  W.  lat.  20°  22'  N. 

Corrigrua,  t.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  7  m.  S.  New- 
borough. 

Corrqfin,  t.  Ireland,  in  Clare,  7  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Ennis. 

Corrubedo,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Galicia. 
Lat  42°  35' N. 

€orse,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  E.  Angers. 

Corseul,  v.  France,  5  m.  W.  Dinant. 

Corsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  5  m.  S.  W.  Chippen- 
ham.    Pop.  2,395. 

Corsica,  one  of  the  largest  islands  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, situated  between  the  coast  of  Genoa, 
and  the  island  of  Sardinia.  It  is  110  miles  long, 
and  contains  4,300  square  miles,  and,  in  1815, 
174,702  inhabitants.  Corsica  is  covered  with 
mountains,  which  rise  to  a  great  height,  and  have 
tiieir  tops  covered  with  snow,  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  year.  The  soil,  though  stony  and  but 
little  cultivated,  is  productive  in  corn,  excellent 
wine,  oranges,  lemons,  figs,  and  other  fruits,  but 
the  wealth  of  the  island  lies  in  its  oil,  chesnuts, 
and  timber.  The  religion  is  Roman  Catholic. — 
This  island  has  been  successively  occupied  by  the 
Carthagenians,  the  Romans,  the  Goths,  the  Sara- 
cens, the  Franks,  the  Pope,  the  Pisans,  the  Geno- 


COS 

ese,  the  English,  and  the  French.  It  now  belongs 
to  France,  and  is  divided  into  2  department--,  Golo 
and  Liamone. 

Corso,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  Corsica.  Lon.  9° 
35' E.  Lat.  42^59' N. 

Corsoer,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
opposite  Nyeborg,  in  Funen,  52  m.  S.  W.  Copen- 
hagen. 

Corstorphine,  v.  Scotland,  3  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Corle,  t.  Corsica,  27  ra.  S.  W.  Bastia. 

Cortc  Maggiore,  t.  ftaly,  6  m.  W.  Piacenza. 

Cortemiglta,  u.  Piedmont,  on  the  Bormida,  12m; 
S.  E.  Alba. 

Cortlandt  lown,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Hudson,  40  m.  N.  New- York.  Pop.  3,054. 
In  this  town  is  the  village  of  Peekskill. 

Cortlandt,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Onondaga 
CO.  E.  by  Chenango  co.  S.  by  Broome  co.  W.  by 
Tompkins  and  Cayuga  cos.  Fop.  8,869.  Chief 
town.  Homer. 

Cortlandt,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

Cortlandt,  p-t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y. 

Corlona,  a  small  fortified  t.  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Tuscany,  45  m.  S.  E.  Florence,  83  N.  Rome. 
Lon.  11°  58'  E.  Lat.  43°  16'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Corv,nna,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  a  peninsu- 
la, on  the  N.  W.  coast.  It  is  divided  into  the  upper 
and  lower  towns.  The  former,  which  lies  on  the 
declivity  of  a  hill,  is  surrounded  with  a  wall,  and 
defended  by  a  citadel.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  su- 
preme court  of  justice  for  Galicia,  and  contains  a 
royal  arsenal.  The  harbour  is  spacious  and  se- 
cure. The  principal  exports  are  pilchards  and 
cattle.  A  packet  sails  hence  every  month  for  Ha- 
vannah.  .>The  intercourse  likewise  between  Spain 
and  England,  is  chiefly  kept  up  by  packets  from 
Corunua  to  Falmouth.  On  the  16th  January, 
1809,  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the  British, 
under  Sir  John  Moore,  and  the  French,  under 
Soult     Lon.  8°  20'  23"  W.  Lat.  43°  23'  32"  N. 

Corm,  t.  Syria,  40  m.  N.  N.  W.  Aleppo. 

Corwen,  t.  Wales,  in  Merioneth,  on  the  Dee,  10 
m.  W.  Llangollen. 

Corydon,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  and  capital  of  Indi- 
ana, 10  m.  from  Ohio  river,  25  W.  Jeffersonville, 
20 from  New  Albany.  The  settlement  was  begun 
in  1809.  Pop.  in  1819,  1,000.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood there  is  a  cave  which  produces  epsora-salts, 
and  salt-petre. 

Corzola.     See  Curzola. 

Cos.     See  Stanchio. 

Coscile,  (an.  Sybaris,)  r.  Naples,  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  Tarento,  in  lon.  16°  42'  E.  Lat.  39°  46' N. 

Cosdauga.     See  Casada  lake. 

Cosenza,  city,  Naples,  cap.  of  Calabria  Citra, 
the  residence  of  a  royal  governor,  and  the  see  of 
an  archbishop,  is  situated  on  seven  small  hills,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Appennines,  between  the  rivers 
Busiento  and  Crati,  about  10  miles  from  the  Med- 
iterranean. The  environs  abound  in  wine,  oil, 
fruit,  honey,  manna,  hemp,  and  flax.  150  m.  S. 
E.  Naples.  Lon.  16°  47'  E.  Lat.  39°  22'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Cosfeld,  t.  of  the  Prussian  States,  18  m.  W.Mun- 
ster.     Lon.  7°  17'  E.  Lat.  51°  57'  N. 

Coshocton,  or  Cochecton,  p-v.  in  Bethel,  Sullivan 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  Delaware,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
turnpike,  60  m.  W.  Newburg,  140  from  Albany. 

Coshocton,  CO.  Ohio,  on  Muskingum  river.  Pop. 
in  1819, 3,000.     Chief  town,  Coshocton. 

Coshocton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio,  on 
Muskingum  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White- 
woman's  creek,  28  m.  N.  Zane?ville,  66  E.  Co- 


COS 

Iambus.  The  Muskingum  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  large  boats. 

Cosia  di  Donda,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Sardinia. 

Cosiguiraehi.     See  Cosquirachi. 

Cosinissa,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago. 
Lon.  25°  ^4'  E.  Lat.  36°  36'  N. 

Coslariy  small  isl.  in  the  English  channel.  Lon.  3° 
23'  W.  Lat.  48°  54'  N. 

Coslin,  t.  of  the  Prussian  States,  in  Farther  Po- 
merania,  on  the  Nesebach,  4  m.  from  the  Baltic. 
Its  traffic  is  very  brisk.  23  m.  E.  Colberg.  Lon. 
15°  27'  E.  Lat.  54°  9'  N. 

Cosim,  t.  Pegu,  on  the  Irawaddy.  Lon.  95°  5' 
E.  Lat.  16°  30'  N. 

Cosmapoli.     See  Porto  Ferrajo. 

Cosnac,  t.  France,  20  m.  S.  Saintes. 

Cosne,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  15  m.  S.  Gien, 
27  N.  Nevers.     Pop.  4,700. 

Cospore,  cap.  of  the  district  of  Cachar,  Lon. 
93°10'E.Lat.  250N. 

CossMks,  a  war-like  people,  who  inhabit  the 
Ukraine  (i.  e.  the.  frontier,)  or  the  countries  bor- 
dering on  Russia,  Poland,  and  Turkey.  Their 
origin  is  Russian,  and  their  language  fundamen- 
tally the  same,  although  mixed  with  Turkish  and 
Polish  words.  They  profess  the  Greek  religion. 
They  are  divided  into  two  main  branches,  viz. 
Tschernomores,  or  Cossacks  of  the  Black  sea,  and 
the  Cossacks  of  the  Don.  The  former  occupy  the 
W,  part  of  the  Kuban-Steppe,  lying  S.  of  the  river 
Don,  E.  of  the  sea  of  Azof,  and  N.  of  the  river  Ku- 
ban. Their  number  is  computed  at  20,000.  The 
Cossacks  of  the  Don  occupy  an  extensive  territory 
on  both  sides  of  the  Don,  which  is  included  in  none 
of  the  Russian  governments.  They  live  in  villa- 
ges of  a  few  hundred  houses,  and  support  them- 
selves, when  at  home,  by  fishing  and  the  breeding 
of  cattle.  They  shew  little  inclination  for  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  although  many  parts  of  their 
territory  are  very  fertile.  Their  capital  is  Tscher- 
kask,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Don.  They  enjoy 
great  privileges,  when  compared  with  the  other 
members  of  the  Russian  empire,  paying  no  poll 
money,  and  manufacturing  their  own  salt  and 
spirits  duty  free.  In  return,  each  man  is  accoun- 
ted a  soldier,  receives  no  pay  in  time  of  peace,  and 
is  bound  to  maintain  two  horses,  for  which  the 
crown  supplies  oats  and  hay  only  daring  six  months 
of  the  year.  Their  number  amounts  to  40,000 
fighting  men. 

Cosse  le  Vivien,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  S.  W.  La- 
val. 

Cosseir,  s-p.  Egypt,  on  the  coast  of  the  Red  sea, 
by  which  the  communication  between  that  coun- 
try and  Arabia  is  chiefly  maintained.  Lon.  34° 
8'E.  Lat.  26°  8' N. 

Cossimbazar,  a  large  manufacturing  town  in  Ben- 
gal, on  Bhagarutty  river,  comprising  the  English, 
Dutch,  and  French  factories.  It  has  been  long 
f  celebrated  for  its  silk  manufactures.  The  tract 
encompassed  by  the  Bhagarutty,  Jellingy,  and 
Ganges  rivers,  is  called  by  Europeans  theCossim- 
bazar  island,  and  abounds  with  all  descriptions 
of  game.  90  m.  N.  Calcutta.  Lon.  88°  15'  E. 
Lat.  24°  10'  N. 

Cosslin.     See  Coslin. 

Cossonsy,  t.  Switzerland,  12  m.  S.  Yverdun. 
Pop.  2,230. 

Cossova,t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  on  an  eleva- 
ted plain  of  the  same  name. 

Cosswig.     See  Coswick. 

Cnsta.  r.  W.  Africa,  falh  into  the  gulf  of  Guinea 


COT 


199 


at  the  town  of  Grand  Bassam.    Lon.  4°  15'  W. 

Lat.  5°  25'  N. 

Costa  Rica,  a  province  of  Spanish  America, 
bounded  N.  by  Nicaragua,  S.  E.  by  Veragua,  W. 
and  S.  W.  by  the  Pacific. 

Costheim,  v.  Germany,  on  an  island  in  tlie 
Rhine,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maine,  1  m.  E.  Mentz. 

Costigliola,  t.  Piedmont,  near  Asti ;  one,  11m. 
S.  W.  Savigliano. 

Costnits.     See  Constance. 

Costosa,  V.  Venetian  territory,  5  m.  S.  Vicenza. 

Costow,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  Derwent,  2  m.  N. 
New  Malton. 

Cosioick,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of  An- 
halt-Bernburg,  6  m.  E.  Dessau.  Lon.  12°  32'  E. 
Lat.  51055' N. 

Coszlin.     See  Coslin. 

Cotabamba,  a  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  by 
Abancay,  S.  by  Chilques  and  Masques,  W.  by 
Chumbivilcas,  and  N.  W.  by  Aimaraez.  Pop. 
10,000.- 

Cotaco,  CO.  Alabama,  on  the  S.  side  of  Tennessee 
river.    Chief  town,  Somerville. 

Cotais,  or  Cotatis,  cap.  of  Imeretia,  on  the  Phasis, 
110  m.  W.  N.  W.  Teflis.  Lon.  43°  10'  E.  Lat. 
42°  26'  N. 

Cote,  La,  is  the  name  given  to  a  part  of  the 
Pays  de  Vaud,  extending  for  fifteen  miles  along 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  between  the  rivers  A,ibonne 
and  Doulive.  It  is  one  of  the  most  populous  and 
beautiful  tracts  in  Switzerland,  and  is  particularly 
famed  for  its  wine,  called  from  it  vin  de  la  Cote. 

Cote  d'  Or,  a  department  of  France,  fbrmetl  out 
of  the  N.  part  of  Burgundy.  It  contains  3,430 
square  miles,  355,500  inhabitants,andis  productiv  e 
in  corn,  but  above  all  in  excellent  wine.  Dijon 
is  the  chief  town. 

Cote  d  Or,  Canal  de  La,  (likewise  called  the 
Canal  of  Burgundy  or  Dijon,  and  the  Canal  de 
I'Est.)  It  forms  a  communication  between  the 
Saone  and  the  Yonne,  and  is  about  130  miles  long. 

Cole  St.  Andre,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  E.  Vienne. 
Pop.  3,700. 

Cotentin.     See  Coutances. 

Cote-sans-dessein,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Missouri, 
and  the  temporary  seat  of  Government  of  the 
State,  is  on  Missouri  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
the  Osage,  70  m.  W.  St.  Charles. 

Cotes  du  JVord,  department  in  the  W.  of  France, 
bordering  on  the  English  channel.  It  contains 
2,800  square  miles,  and  520,000  inhabitants.  The- 
capital  is  St.  Brieuc. 

Cothen.     See  Kothen,  and  Anhalt. 

Cothy,  r.  Wales,  joins  the  Towery,  3  m.  from 
Caermarthen. 

Co/iari,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Ceylon,  20  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Trincomaly. 

Cotignac,  t.  France,  6  m.  E.  Barjols.  Pop. 
3,300. 

Cotignola,  t.  Ecclesiastical  State,  25  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Ferrara. 

Cotile,  p-v.  Cotile  co.  Louisiana. 

Cotiote,  a  small  district  of  India,  in  Malabar, 
containing  about  312,square  miles,  lying  between 
Tellicherry  and  Coorg. 

Cotoca,  t.  S.  America,  in  Chiquitos.  40  m.  N.  W. 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Cotopaxi,  an  enormous  mountain  and  volcano  of 
the  Andes,  about  40  miles  S.  E.  of  Quito.  It  is 
18,898  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  explo- 
sions are  frequent  and  dreadful.  When  an  erup- 
tion takes  place,  the  snow  around  the  volcano  i? 
suddenly  melted,  and  a  torrent  of  water  is  poui 


200 


GOV 


GOV 


ed  down  from  the  mountain.  Ashes,  lire,  and 
rocks  are  then  thrown  forth  with  a  dreadful  roar- 
ing noise,  and  spread  desolation  over  the  surroun- 
ding plains.  The  roar  of  the  volcano  continues 
day  and  night  so  long  as  the  eruption  lasts,  and  has 
been  heard  at  the  distance  of  600  miles.  The 
most  remarkable  eruptions  have  taken  place  in  the 
years  1698,  1738,  1742,  1744,  1766,  1768,  and 
1803.  In  1698  the  volcano  burst  forth  in  such  a 
tremendous  manner,  as  to  destroy  the  city  of  Ta- 
cunga,  with  three  fourths  of  its  inhabitants. 
.    Cotrona,  t.  iSaples,  14  m.  W.  Caugiano. 

Coirone,  (an.  Crotona,)  s-p.  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,  on  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  10  m.  S.  E.  St.  Seve- 
rina.  Pop.  4,640.  Lon.  17°  25'  E.  Lat.  39° 
8'  N. 

Cotswold  Hills,  Eng.  in  [Gloucester,  30  miles  in 
length,  and  about  20  in  breadth. 

CoUacotta,  t  Hind,  in  Golconda.  Lon.  78°  47' 
E.  Lat.  150  16'  N. 

Cottlnis,  t.  in  the  circle  of  Cottbus,  in  the  Prus- 
sian states,  on  the  Spree,  36  m.  S.  S.  W.  Frankfort, 
an  the  Oder,  48  N.  N.  E.  Dresden,  SOS.  E.  Berlin. 
Pop.  6,000.     Lon.  14°  22' E.  Lat.  51°  45'  N. 

Cottica  River,  S.  America,  falls  into  the  Com- 
mewina  river,  about  20  m.  before  its  junction  with 
the  Surinam. 

Cottirvar,  or  Cattivad,  a  considerable  district  of 
Hind,  in  Gujerat.    Lat.  22°  N. 

Cotym,  v.  Hind,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  18  m. 
from  Allepie.  For  an  account  of  the  college  re- 
cently established  here,  see  Travancore. 

Cotton-Gin  Port,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
the  Tombigbee,  in  Mississippi,  about  15  m.  W.  of 
the  boundary  of  Alabama. 

Cotton  Port,  p-t.  and  cap.  Limestone  co.  Alaba- 
ma, on  Limestone  creek,  1  m.  above  its  confluence 
with  the  Tennessee.     It  was  laid  out  in  1818. 

Coubeby,  v.  Palestine,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Emmaus. 

Couches,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  W.  Chalons  sur 
Saone. 

Couco,  district  of  Algiers,  between  the  capital 
and  Bongeiah. 

Coucouron,  i.  France,  31  m.  W.  Privas. 

Coucy,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  ,the  Oise,  12  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Laon,  13  E.  S.  E.  Noyou. 

Couda,  t.  Tunis,  20  m.  N.  E.  Kairwan. 

Coudrai/,  Le,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Coudres,  Isle  aux,  a  small  isl.  of  Lower  Canada, 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  45  m.  below  Quebec. 

Cote,  t.  Ireland,  9  m.  N.  Cork. 

CoveloTijX,  t.  and  fort,  India,  on  the  sea  coast,  25 
m.  S.  Madras.    Lat.  12°  44'  N. 

Coventry,  city,  Eng.  in  Warwick.  It  has  3 
churches.  St.  Alichael's  is  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  the  English  architecture,  and  its  fine  tower  and 
spire  rank  among  the  principal  ornaments  of  this 
city.  There  are  five  places  of  worship  for  dissen- 
ters. The  principal  manufactures  are  ribbons 
and  watches.  The  Oxford  and  Coventry  canals 
afford  great  facilities  to  commerce.  In  1808,  there 
were  2,819  silk  and  ribbon  looms  in  this  city.  A 
weekly  market  is  held  here,  and  there  are  several 
fairs,  one  of  which  is  called  the  great  or  show  fair, 
and  continues  eight  days.  Coventry  sends  2  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  18  m.  S.  E.  Birmingham,  49 
N.  W.  Oxford,  91  N.W.  London.  Lon.  1°  30'  W. 
Lat.  52°  24'  N.     Pop.  17,923. 

Coventry,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  II.  9  m.  E.  Haver- 
hill.    Pop.  162. 

Coventry,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  on  lake  Memphra- 
magog,  'Ifi  m^.  N.  Montpelicr.     Pop.  178. 


Coventry,  t,  Kent  co.  R.  I.  15  m.  S.  W.  Provi- 
dence. Pop.  2,928.  It  is  well  watered.  Some 
of  the  streams  run  into  the  Patuxet  on  the  E.  and 
some  into  the  Quinebaug  on  the  W. 

Coventry,  p-t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  18  m.  E.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  1,938. 

Coventry,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  W.  Jer- 
icho.    Pop.  860. 

Coventry,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Schuylkill,  opposite  Pottsgrove.     Pop.  1,608. 

Coventry,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  S.  W.  Ra- 
venna. The  portage  between  the  Cuyahoga  and 
the  Tuscarawas,  is  at  this  place. 

Coveripnuk,  t.  India,  9  m.  E.  Arcot.  Lon.  79" 
37'  E.  Lat.  12°  52'  N. 

Coueron,  t.  France,  7  m.  W.  Nantes. 

Covert,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  extending  be- 
tween Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes. 

Couesnon,  small  r.  France,  falls  into  the  British 
channel,  in  lon.  2°  33'  W.  and  lat.  48°  30'  N. 

Couhe,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lusignan. 

Couili,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Natolia.  Lon, 
29°  7'  E. 

.     Covilhao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Guarda. 

Covington,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  E.  Ba- 
tavia. 

Covington,  formerly  Putnam,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  Pa, 

Covington,  p-t.  St.  Tammany's  co.  Louisiana. 

Covington,  p-t.  Campbell  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio, 
opposite  Cincinnati,  and  separated  by  Licking 
creek,  from  Newport.  The  great  road  from  Vir- 
ginia to  the  Miami  passes  through  it.  It  is  well 
situated  for  trade.  Licking  river  being  navigable 
for  large  boats,  100  miles.  The  streets  of  the 
town  are  so  laid  out,  as  to  appear  to  be  a  continu- 
ation of  those  of  Cincinnati.  Handsome  public 
buildings  are  to  be  erected,  and  a  bridge  to  con- 
nect it  with  Newport.  The  scenery  around  this 
place  is  uncommonly  beauliful. 

Covington,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Illinois', 
on  Kaskaskias  river. 

Coulan,  t.  India,  on  the  coast  of  Travancore. 
Its  principal  exports  are  pepper,  cotton,  ginger, 
and  cardomums.     Lat.  8°  51'  N. 

Coulanges  sur  Yonne,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  Aux- 
erre. 

Coulans,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Le  Mans. 

Coulding''s  Harbor,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, 15  m.  N.  Portlock's  harbor. 

Coulommieres,  t.  France,  in  Seine-aud-Marne, 

12  m.  S.  E.  Meaux. 

Conlonche,  La,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Falaise. 

Coulonges  les  Roy  aux,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Niort. 

Coulons,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  9  m.  S.  W.  Gien. 

Council  Blvff,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Missouri,  a 
little  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  Platte.  Lon. 
96°  40'  W.  Lat.  41°  30'  N.  This  place  is  occu- 
pied by  the  U.  S.  as  a  military  post.  The  position 
is  a  very  important  one,  being  about  half  way  be- 
tween St.  Louis  and  the  Mandan  village,  and  at 
that  point  on  the  Missouri,  which  approaches 
nearest  to  the  post  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Peters, 
with  which,  in  the  event  of  hostilities,  it  may  co- 
operate. It  is,  besides,  in  the  centre  of  the  most 
powerful  tribes,  and  the  most  numerous  Indian 
population,  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

Countess  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.    Lat.  60° 

13  N. 

Corolo,  passj  in  Tyrol,  at  the  extremity  of  the 


c  o  u 

Val  Sugano,  on  the  Brenta,  20  m.  N.  Vicenza,  21 
E-  Trent. 

Covorden.     See  Coevorden. 

Coupar.     See  Cupar. 

Couptrain,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  7  m.  N.  Vi- 
laine. 

Cour  Mayor,  v.  Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of  Mont 
Blanc,  near  the  conflux  of  the  two  Daires. 

Coura,  r.  Portugal,  runs  into  the  Duero,  4  m. 
N.  E.  Lamego. 

Courantin.     See  Corentin. 

Courbali,  v.  W.  Africa,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  Grande. 

Courbeville,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  W.  Laval. 

Courcelles,  i.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  6  m.  N. 
W.  Bapaume. 

CourctUes,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  Langres. 

Courcite,  t.  France,  15  m.  E.  Mayenne. 

Courco,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Natolia.  Lat. 
38oil'N. 

Courcon,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  Auxerre. 

Courgains,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.  Le  Mans. 

Courgis,  t.  France,  9  m.  E.  Auxerre. 

Couripi,  r.  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Yacopa,  at  its 
mouth. 

Courland,  formerly  a  duchy  dependent  on  Po- 
land, now  a  government  of  European  Russia, 
bounded  N.  by  the  gulf  of  Riga  ;  N.  E.  by  Livo- 
nia, from  which  it  isjseparated  by  the  Dwina ;  S. 
by  Wilna,  and  W.  by  the  Baltic.  It  contains,  on 
1 1,200  sq.  miles,  a  population  of  450,000.  The 
ancient  division  was  into  Courland  Proper,  Semi- 
gallia,  and  the  bishopric  of  Pilten ;  it  is  now  dis- 
tributed into  five  circles.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
flax  forms  the  chief  production. 

Courland,  Gulf  of.     See  Curisckes  Haff. 

Cournoyer,  seigniory,  Surry  co.  Lower  Canada, 
fm  the  river  Richelieu. 

Courpierre,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  Thiers. 

Coursan,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  Narbonne. 

Court  of  Aldermen,  small  islands,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  183°  37'  W.  Lat. 
36°  57' S. 

Courtableau,  r.  Louisiana,  is  formed  by  the  Cro- 
codile and  Boeuf,  and  joins  the  Atchafalaya,  30 
m.  W.  Baton  Rouge. 

Courtenay,  t.  France,  14  m.  S.  W.  Sens. 

Courtesan,  t.  France,  10  m,  N.  Avignon. 

Courtland.     See  Cortlandt. 

Courtmascherry  Bay,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Ire- 
Land,  between  the  old  head  of  Kinsale,  and  the 
Seven  Heads.     Lon.  8°  40'  W.  Lat.  51°  36'  N. 

Courtray,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Lys.  It  is 
celebrated  for  linen  and  lace  manufactures,  and 
was  formerly  a  place  of  considerable  strength ; 
but  its  works  were  demolished  by  the  French  in 
1744.  13  m.  N.  W.  Tournay,  16  N.  N.  E.  Lille. 
Lon.  3°  16'  6"  E.  Lat.  50°  49'  43"  N.  Pop. 
14,000. 

Courtwright,  p-v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

Cousa,  small  r.  Congo,  in  Africa,  falls  into  the 
Atlantic,  about  60  miles  S.  of  the  Zaire. 

Coutances,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  on  the 
Soule,  5  m.  from  its  influx  into  the  English  chan- 
nel. Its  manufactures  are  chiefly  of  linen  and 
lace,  in  which  articles,  as  in  corn,  flax,  and  wool, 
the  inhabitants  carry  on  an  active  trade.  Pop. 
11,000.  50  m,  W.  Caen.  Lon.  \°  26'  23"  W.  Lat. 
49°  2' 54"  N. 

Couterne,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  E.  Domfi'ont, 

Coutras,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Drome 
and  the  Hie,  24  m.  N,  E.  Bonrdeaux. 


C  R  A 


201 


Cotwins,  L  Netherlands,  14  m.  S.  W.  Chark^ 
mont. 

Couvorden  Point,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance 
into  Lynn  canal,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  58°  12'  N. 

Coival,  district,  Scotland,  the  peninsula  betwee» 
the  frith  of  Clyde  and  Loch  Fine. 

Cowhridge,  t.  Wales,  12  m.  VV.  Cardiff. 

Cowda,  V.  Africa,  5  m.  N.  W.  Tunis. 

Cowdersport,  t.  and  cap.  Potter  co.  Pa. 

Coweliskee  River,  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
Columbia  river,  about  100  m.  from  its  mouth.     * 

Corves,  West,  s-p.  Eng.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Its 
harbor  is  one  of  the  safest  and  most  commodious  iu 
the  British  channel.  The  trade  is  considerable, 
chiefly  in  provisions  and  other  articles,  for  ships 
which  ride  here,  waiting  for  convoy  or  favourable 
winds,     12m.  W.  S.  W.  Portsmouth. 

Coioeta,  p-v.  Alabama. 

Cowie,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  ocean  at  Stone- 
haven. 

Cow  Island,  {Islede  Vaches,)  in  Missouri  river, 
380  m.  above  its  mouth.  Here  the  expedition  to 
the  Yellowstone  wintered  in  1818-19. 

Cowl  Doorg,  t,  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Bednore. 
Lon.  75°  11' E.  Lat.  13®  17' N. 

Coupasture,  r.  Va.  one  of  the  principal  branch- 
es of  James  river. 

Cowpens,  in  Union  co.  S.  C.  between  Pacolet 
and  Broad  rivers,  the  place  where  Gen.  Morgan 
defeated  the  British  under  Col.  Tarleton,  Jan. 
11,  1781.       , 

Cowpershill,  p-v.  Robertson  co.  N.  C. 

Cows  Bay,  or  Bahia  das  Vaccas,  a  bay  of  Ben- 
guela,  inWestern  Africa. 

Cox,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America^ 
Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Coxackie,  p-t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudsotn, 
25  m.  S.  Albany,  8  above  Catskill.  Pop.  4,057, 
There  are  3  landings  in  this  town.  The  village 
of  Coxackie  contains  about  100  dwelling-houses, 
and  a  church.  New  Baltimore  was  set  off  from 
the  N.  part  of  this  town  in  1811. 

Coyau,  settlement,  Tenn,  on  Tennessee  river, 
30  m,  below  Knoxville, 

Coylton,  parish,  Scotland,  Ayrshire,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ayr  and  Doon, 

Coziquiriachi,  Santa  Rosa  de,  t.  Mexico,  in  the 
intendancy  of  Durango,  24  leagues  S,  W.  Chihu- 
ahua.    Pop.  of  the  district  10,700, 

Cosumel,  isl,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Yucatan* 
Lat.  19°  56'  N. 

Crab.     See  Bieka. 

Crab-bottom,  or  Hulls,  p-v.  Pendleton  co.  Va. 

Crab-orchard,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Va, 

Crab-orchard,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  on  Dick's 
river,  8  m.  from  Cumberland  river,  25  S.  E.  Dan- 
ville. 

Cracow,  a  free  city  of  Poland,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Vistula  and  Rudowa,  It  has  three  suburbs, 
one  of  which,  Casimir,  lies  on  the  opposite  bank 
of  the  Vistula,  and  is  sometimes  considered  a  sep- 
arate town.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  The  ca- 
thedral contains  the  tombs  of  the  ancient  Polish 
kings. — This  city  is  said  to  have  had,  formerly, 
70,000  inhabitants.  The  number  in  1810  was 
only  25,736.  The  richer  classes  are  Germans, 
and  those  in  the  suburb  of  Casimir  mostly  Jews. 
Its  situation  for  trade  is  very  convenient.  The 
principal  objects  of  it  are  wood,  fish,  Hungarian 
wine,  wax,  honey,  and  linen  cloth.  128  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Warsaw.   Lon.  19°  67  9"  E.  Lat.  50°  3  38"  N. 


\ 


26 


202 


C  R  E 


C  RE 


Cradoo,  s-p.  Benin,  in  Africa,  on  the  bay  of  La- 
gos, at  the  mouth  of  the  Palmar. 

Craftsbury,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.28  m.  N.  Mont- 
pelier.  Pop.  566.  The  courts  of  the  county 
were  formerly  held  here. 

Craigag  Paint.    See  Crakag  Point. 
Craigie's  mills,  p-v.  Oxford  co.  Maine. 
Craig-Logan,  promontory,  Scotland,  on  Uie  W. 
coast  of  Wigtonshire,  10  m.  fr.  Stranraer. 

Craig  Point,  cape,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  Duke  of  York's  island.  Lat. 
56°  30'  N. 

Crail,  a  royal  burgh  and  parish  of  Scotland,  in 
Fife,  at  the  entrance  of  the  frith  of  Forth,  10  m. 
S.  E.  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  1,600. 

Crakag  Point,  promontory,  Scotland,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Sutlierlandshire.     Lat.  58°  6'  N. 

Cramond,  v.  Scotland,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Forth  and  the  Almond,  5^  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Cranberry,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  9  m.  E. 
Princeton,  IBS.  S.  W.  Brunswick. 

Cranberry,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  543. 
Cranberry  islands,  2  in  number,  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Mount  Desert. 

Cranbome,  t.  Eiig.  in  Dorsetshire,  1 H  S.  W. 
Salisbury.    Lon.  1°  54'  W.  Lat.  50^  56'  N. 

Cranbrook,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  49  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  2,994. 

Craney,  small  island,  Va.  in  Hampton  Roads, 
on  the  S.  side  of  James  river,  at  the  mouth  of 
Elizabeth  river,  5  m.  S.  W.  Fort  George.  It  has 
a  strong  fort,  which  commands  the  entrance  of 
both  rivers. 

Cranganore,  s-p.  India,  on  the  ooast  of  Malabar. 
Lat.  lO*^  15'  N. 

Cransac,  large  v.  France,  15  m.  N.  W.  Rhodez. 
Cranston,  v.  Scotland,  9  m.  S.  £.  Edinburgh. 
Cranston,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Providence  river,  5  m.  S.  Providence. 
Pop.  2,161.  It  contains  4  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship^ 2  for  Baptists,  1  for  Quakers,  and  1  for 
Methodists.  Iron  ore  of  an  excellent  quality  is 
found  here.  The  manufacture  of  cotton  is  car- 
ried on  extensively  in  this  town.  In  this  town 
is  the  village  of  Pawtuxet,  which  see. 

Craonne,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  11  m.  S.  E. 
Laon. 

Craponne,  t.  France,  14  m.  W.  Monistrol. 
Crati,  (an.  Crathis,)  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ci- 
tra,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  after  uniting 
•with  the  Coscile. 

Crato,  t.  Portugal,  11  m.  W.  Portalegre. 

Craven,  co.  in  Newborn  district,  N.  C.     Pop. 

12,676.     Slaves,  5,050.     Chief  town,   Newbern. 

Crauford,  v.  Scotland,  40  m.  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Crav'ford,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Erie  co.  E.  by 

Warren  co.  S.  by  Venango  and  Mercer  counties, 

and  W.  by  Ohio.     Pop.  6, 178.  Chief  town,  Mead- 

ville. 

Crawford,  co.  Indiana. 

Crawford,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1818,2,074. 

Craufurdsdike,  or  Cartsdike,  v.  Scotland,  forms 
the  suburb  of  Greenock  on  the  E. 

Cramick,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Nith,  near 
Sanquhar. 

Cray,  St.  Mary,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  13^  m.  E.  S.  E. 
London. 

Crayford,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  river  Cray,  13 
m.  E.  S.  E.  London. 

Creances,  or  Creange,  s-p.  France,  10  m.  S. 
'Coutances. 

Crecj/f  or  Creaty  fn  Ponthien,  t.  Fra«cp,  in 


Somme;  celebrated  for  the  great  victory  gained 
on  26th  August,  1346,  by  Edward  III.  of  England, 
over  Philip  VI.  of  France.  Itstands  on  the  Maye, 
100  m.  N.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  58'  E.  Lat.  50°  16'  N. 
Crediton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Creedy, 
7  m.  S.  E.  Exeter.     Pop.  5,178. 

Cree,  r.  Scotland,  issues  from  Loch-Moan,  and 
empties  into  Wigton  bay  at  the  burgh  of  Cree- 
town. 

Creedy,  r.  Eng.  flows  into  the  Ex,  near  Exe- 
ter. 

Creegerstown,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  on  the  Mon- 
ococy  river,  1 1  m.  N.  Frederickton. 

Creek  Jgency,  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  on  Flint  river, 
30  m.  W.  Fort  Hawkins.     Here  is  a  post-office. 

Creeks,  Indians,  inhabiting  the  western  parts  of 
Georgia,  and  the  eastern  parts  of  Alabama. — 
Their  principal  settlements  are  on  the  Coosa, 
Tallapoosa,  and  Chatahoochee  rivers.  The  coun- 
try is  fertile  and  salubrious,  covered  with  fine 
timber,  watered  by  numerous  navigable  rivers, 
and  sufficiently  extensive  to  support,  with  proper 
cultivation,  more  than  a  million  souls.  The  num- 
ber ol  the  Creeks  was  formerly  estimated  at 
24,000,  of  whom  6,000  were  warriors,  but  in 
their  war  with  the  U.  S.  in  1813-14,  they  suffered 
severe  losses.  They  now  amount  to  20,000,  and 
are  the  most  warlike  tribe  on  this  side  the  Mis- 
sissippi. For  several  years  past,  efforts  have  been 
made  to  introduce  among  them  agriculture  and 
the  arts  of  civilized  life,  and  with  considerable 
success.  They  now  cultivate  tobacco,  rice,  and 
maize ;  and  raise  cattle,  hogs,  and  poultry.  The 
loom  and  the  anvil  are  successfully  established ; 
and  the  children  are  instructed  in  reading,  wri- 
ting, and  arithmetic. 

Creetown,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Cree  into  Wigton  bay. 
Crefcld.     See  Crevell. 

Creil,  t.  France,  on  the  Oise,  30  m.  N.  Paris. 
Crema,  i.  Italy,  capital  of  the  Cremasco.  It  is 
on  the  Serio  and  Travacone,  is  well  built  and  for- 
tified. It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  splen- 
did cathedral.  Pop.  8,800.  20  m.  N.  W.  Cre- 
mona, 22  E.  S.  E.  Milan.  Lon.  9°  41'  57"  E.  Lat. 
45°  21'  29"  N. 

Cremasco,  or  Territory  of  Crema,  country,  Italy, 
between  the  Adda  and  Oglio,  74  miles  long,  and 
46  broad. 
Cremeanx,  t.  France,  9  m.  S.  Roanne. 
Cremieu,  t.  France,  17  m.  E.  Lyons. 
Cremnun,  t.  Prussia,  22  m.  N.  N.  W.  Berlin. 
Cremnitz,   t.    Hungary,  situated   amidst  lofty 
mountains.     The  number  of  miners  is  1,500,  the 
total  population  10,200.     18  m.  N.  W.  Schemnitz, 
100  E.Vienna.     Lon.  18°  53' 45"  E.    Lat.  48°  42' 
3"N. 

Cremona,  city,  Lombardy,  cap.  of  the  Cremxi' 
nese,  stands  in  a  beautiful  plain,  about  4  of  a  mile 
from  the  Po.  A  canal  passes  through  the  town, 
and  unites  the  Po  with  the  Oglio.  Here  are  44 
chui'ches  and  chapels,  43  convents,  an  obscure 
university,  and  a  population  of  nearly  30,000. — 
The  tower  of  Cremona  is  372  feet  high,  and  from 
its  top  is  a  fine  view  of  the  fertile  plains  of  Lom- 
bardy. 38  m.  S.  E.  Milan.  Lon.  10°  2'  12"  E. 
Lat.  45°  7' 43"  N. 

Crems,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  38  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Vienna. 

Creon,  t.  France,  1 1  m.  S.  Bourdeaux. 
Creran.     See  Linne-loch, 
Cresapsburg,  p-t.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  5  m.  W. 
Cumberlanc^. 


e  R  I 

Crescetitino,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  20  m.  N, 
E.  Turin,     Pop.  4,000. 

Crescent  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  223'' 
30'  E.  Lat.  23°  22'  S. 

Crespy,  t.  France,  38  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Crespy  en  Laonnois.,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Laon. 

Cressy.     See  Crec.y. 

Crest,  Lc,  or  Le  Cret,  t.  France,  on  the  Drome. 
45  m.  S.  W.  Grenoble.     Pop.  4,500. 

Crete.     See  Candia. 

Crevant^  t.  France,  near  the  conflux  of  the 
Eure  and  the  Yonne,  13-1  m.  S.  by  E.  Paris.  Lon. 
3°  39'  E.  Lat.  47°  42'  N. 

Crevecoeur,  t.  Fiunce,  on  the  Scheldt,  5  m.  S. 
Cambray. 

CrevcK,  t.  Prussian  states,  west  of  the  Rhine, 
6  m.  N.  W.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  6^22' E.  Lat.  51° 
18'  N.     Pop.  8,300. 

Crevillcnfe,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia.  Lon.  1°  43' 
W.  Lat.  38°  28'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Creus,  or  Cniz,  Capo  de,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Catsdonia.  Lat.  42°  19'  N. 

Creuse,  r.  France ;  after  a  course  of  40  leagues, 
it  falls  into  the  Vienna. 

Creuse,  a  department  of  France,  on  the  river 
Creuse.  It  contains  2,300  square  miles,  and 
,227,000  inhabitants.     Gueret  is  the  capital. 

Creussen,  t.  Bavaria,  7  m.  S.  Bayreuth. 

Creutz,  t.  Austria,  118  m.  S.  Vienna.  Lon.  16° 
32'  18"  E.  Lat.  46°  1'  16'  N. 

Creutzberg,  v.  Ger-many,  in  Hesse,  25  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Cassel.  Lon.  10°  20'  E.  Lat.  51°  5'  N. 

Creutsburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe  Weimar,  7  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Eisenach.  Lon.  10  16'  E.  Lat.  51^6'  N. 

Creutzburg,  t.  Silesia,  28  m.  E.  N.  E.  Brieg. 
Lon.  18°  16'  E.  Lat.  50°  56'  N.  Pop.  1.730. 

Creutzburg,  t.  Prussia,  15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Konigs- 
berg. 

Creutzenach,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province 
«f  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Nahe.  Pop.  3,200,  18 
m.  S.  W.  Mentz.  Lon.  7°  49'  E.  Lat.  49"  48'  N. 

Creux,  promontory  in  Catalonia.  Lon.  3°  20' 
S0"E.  Lat.  42°  19'35"N. 

Crewkerne,  t.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Taunton.  Pop.  3,021. 

Crewsville,  p-v.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

Crichlon,  v.  Scotland,  11  m.  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Crichton's  store,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Crickhowell,  t.  Wales,  in  Brecknockshire,  near 
tlie  Usk,  6  m.  N.  W.  Abergavenny. 

Crickieth,  t.  Wales,  21  m.  S.  Caernarvon. 

Cricklade,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  on  the  S.bank  of 
the  Thames,  84^  m.  W.  N.  W.  London. 

Crieff,  t.  Scotland,  18  m.  W.  Perth.  Pop.  3,330. 

Crillon,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Saghaliu.  Lon. 
142°  54'  E.  Lat.  45°  57'  N. 

Crimea,  or  Crim  Tartary,  (the  Chersoncsus 
Taurica  of  the  ancients),  a  peninsula  of  Eu.  Rus- 
sia, in  the  S.  of  tlie  government  of  Taurida,  be- 
tween lat.  44°  30'  and  46°  N.  and  formed  by  the 
Black  sea  on  the  W.  and  S.  and  the  sea  of  Azoph 
on  the  E.  It  is  208  miles  long,  and  124  broad, 
and  contains  5,625  sq.  miles.  The  river  Salgir 
divides  the  Crimea  into  two  parts,  the  northern 
of  which  consists  of  salt  marshes,  and  vast  heaths, 
which  afford  pasture  to  numerous  (locks  of  sheep. 
The  southern  portion  of  the  peninsula  is  one  of 
the  most  delightful  spots  on  the  face  of  tlie  globe. 
The  mountains  inclose  vallies  of  the  greatest  fer- 
tility, enjoying  a  fine  climate,  and  rich  in  all  the 
fruits  of  the  South,    Owing  to  the  encourage- 


C  R  O 


J03 


ment  of  the  Russian  government,  the  population, 
commerce  and  wealth  of  the  Crimea,  have  of  late 
greatly  increased.  The  population  is  now  esti- 
mated at  300,000. 

Crio,  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  island  of  Can- 
dia. Lon.  23°  22'  E.  Lat.  35°  16' N. 

Crio,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Natolia.  Lat.  36° 
40' N. 

Criqueboeuf  sur  Mer,  s-p.  France,  7  m.  W.  Har- 
fleur. 

Crift,  Big  and  Little,  two  points  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  Superior,  E.  of  isle  Grange,  Upper  Can- 
ada, and  surrounded  by  islands ;  between  these 
points  is  a  noted  and  safe  harbor. 

Crissu,  (an.  Crissa)  v.  Greece,  on  Parnassus,  3 
m.  fr.  Castria. 

Croatia,  country,  Europe,  extending  from  the 
river  Drave  to  the  gulf  of  Venice,  between  lat, 
44°  5'  48"  and  46-^  25'  50"  N.  It  is  bounded  E.  by 
Sclavonia  and  Bosnia,  and  W.  by  Carniola  and 
Styria ;  its  length  is  160  miles,  and  its  breadth 
about  100.  It  belongs  principally  to  Austria,  but 
partly  to  Turkey.  'The  tract  lying  between  the 
rivers  Unna  and  Verbas  belongs  to  Turkey.  Aus- 
trian Croatia  is  divided  into  :  1.  The  Banat,  or 
civil  department ;  2.  The  Getieralat,  or  military 
division  ;  3.  The  Litlorale,  or  maritime  tract,  be- 
tween Fiume  and  Carlopago.  The  first  of  these 
divisions  has  a  government  and  provincial  states 
similar  to  those  of  Hungary  ;  the  constitution  of 
the  second  is  entirely  military  ;  and  the  third  has 
a  separate  governor.  Austrian  Croatia  contains 
9,421  sq.  miles,  and  800,000  inhabitants.  The  in- 
habitants  are  divided  into  two  great  classes,  thfe 
Germans  and  Sclavonians.  The  religion  is  citliei;" 
the  Catholic  or  Greek. 

Croghan''s  gap,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Croghanville,  t.  Sandusky  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Sandusky  river,  opposite  Fort  Stephenson, 
20  m.  above  its  mouth,  105  E.  Columbus. 

Croja,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Durazzo,  28  S.  Scutai-i. 

Croin,  t.  P^ ranee,  3  m.  fr.  Cognac. 

Croisette,  promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
near  Marseilles. 

Croisic,  Le,  s-p.  France,  on  a  point  of  land  be- 
tween the  mouths  of  the  Villaine  and  the  Loire, 
40  m.  W.  Nantes.  Lat.  47°  17'  43"  N. 

Crolles,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  E.  Grenoble. 

Cromar.     See  Marr. 

Cromarty,  county,  Scotland,  formed  of  several 
detached  portions  within  the  county  of  Ross.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Cromarty,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Cromarty  co.  is  on  a, 
peninsula  between  the  friths  of  Cromarty  and 
Murray.  It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbour. 
Pop.  2,413.  19  m.  N.  E.  Inverness. 

Cromer,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  21  m.  N.  Nor- 
wich. Lon.  0°  30'  E.  Lat.  52°  55'  N. 

Cromford,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  on  the  Der- 
went,  141  m.  N.  London.  Pop.  1,259. 

Crompton,  t.  Eng.  near  Manchester.  Pop.  4,746. 

Cronach,  r.  Franconia,  falls  into  the  White 
Maine,  20  m.  E.  Culmbach. 

Cronach,  t.  Bavaria,  13  m.  E.  Coburg,  30  N.  E. 
Bamberg.  Lon.  11^20'  E.  Lat.  50°  15' N. 

Cronat  sur  Loire,  t.  France,  32  m.  S.  W.  Atitun. 

Cronberg,  t.  Germany,  9  m.  N.  W.  I'l-anklbrt  on 
the  Maine. 

Cronborg,  a  fortress  of  Denmark,  on  the  island 
of  Zealand,  on  a  point  of  land  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Sound,  a  little  N.  of  Elsinore,  and  opposite 


204 


C  R  O 


CUB 


Helsingborg',  in  Sweden.  It  is  intended  to  ^lard 
the  passage  of  the  sound  ;  24  m.  N.  Copenhagen. 
Lon.  12°  35'  E.  Lat.  50°  3'  N. 

Crone,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  Posen,  56  m. 
S.  Dantzic.     Pop.  2,000. 

Cronebane,  hill,  Ireland,  in  Arklow,  8  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Wicklow,  famous  for  iron  and  sulphur. 

Cronstadt,  s-p.  and  fortress  of  Russia,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  St.  Petersburg,  at  the  S.  E.  extremity 
of  the  island  of  Retusari,"in  the  gulf  of  Finland. 
The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  imperial 
hospital  for  sailors,  the  civil  hospital,  the  barracks, 
the  English  and  German  churches,  &«.  The  har- 
bour is  very  spacious,  and  is  the  principal  station 
of  the  Russian  navy.  The  docks  can  hold  ten  men 
of  war.  Here  is  a  foundery  for  casting  cannon,  and 
a  rope-waJk  for  manufacturing  cables  of  all  sizes, 
with  great  magazines  of  naval  stores.  Cronstadt 
is  defended  towards  the  sea  by  fortifications  pro- 
jecting into  the  water,  and  towards  the  land  by 
ramparts  and  bastions.  The  principal  passage  to 
St.  Petersburg  is  between  this  town  and  Cron- 
schlott.  This  channel  is  of  sufficient  depth  for  the 
largest  ships,  and  can  be  opened  and  shut  at  plea- 
sure. The  principal  exports  are  iron,  flax,  hemp, 
Knseed,  oil,  and  tar.  Pop.  40,000,  of  whom  10,000 
are  sailors ;  22  m.  W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Lon.  29° 
49'  30"  E.  Lat.  59°  59'  26"  N. 

Cronstadt,  a  large  trading  town  of  Transylva- 
nia, on  the  Farcas.  Pop.  23,000.  50  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Hermannstadt.  Lon.  25°  33' 47"  E.  Lat.  45°  36' 
30"  N. 

Crooked  creek,  Pa.  runs  into  the  Alleghany  8  m. 
below  Kittaning. 

Crooked  creek  bridge,  p-v.  Armstrong  co.  Fa. 

Crooked  Islands,  among  the  Baliamas.  Lon.  74° 
W.  Lat.  22°  30' N. 

Crooked  Lake,  in  Steuben  and  Ontario  counties, 
N.  Y.  communicates  by  an  outlet,  5  miles  long, 
with  Seneca  Lake.  It  is  18  miles  long,  and  1^ 
broad. 

Crooked  river,  Maine,  runs  into  Seabakook  pond 
after  a  S.  S.  E.  course  of  about  40  miles. 

Crooked  river,  Camden  co.  Geo.  runs  into  the 
Atlantic  between  the  Satilla  and  the  St.  Mary's, 
12or]4m.  N.  St.  Mary's. 

Crooked  river,  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Illinois  from 
the  N.  W.  75  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Cropani,  t.  Naples,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  St.  Severina. 

Cropredy,  v.  Eng.  in  Oxford  co.  3  m.  N.  Banbury. 

Crosby,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine. 

Crosby,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami, 
opposite  Colerain. 

Cross  Anchor,  p-v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 

Cross  creeks.     See  Fayetteville. 

Cross  creek,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,847. 

Cross  creek,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  W.  Steu- 
benville. 

Cross  island,  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  at  the  en- 
trance into  Mac  bias  bay.   Lon.  67°  15'  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

Cross  Keys,  p-v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 

Cross  Lake,  N.  Y.  on  the  borders  of  Cayuga 
and  Onondago  counties.  Seneca  river  passes 
through  it. 

Cross  River,  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  sea  at  the 
head  of  Old  Calabar  Bay. 

Cross  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  84° 
50'  W.  Lat.  46°  27'  N. 

Cross  Cape,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  the  S.  E. 
ppint  of  Cross  sound.  Lat.  57°  56' N. 
Cross  river,  p-v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
Cross  roads,  v.  ia  New-London,  Chester  co,  Pa, 


27  m.  S.  E.  Lancaster,  UN.  by  W.  Elkton,  MA. 
and  18  W.  N.  W.  Wilmington,  Del. 

Cross  roads,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  2  m.  S.  George- 
town. 

Cross  Sound,  a  spacious  opening  on  the  N.  W, 
coast  of  America,  between  Cape  Spencer,  on  the 
continent,  and  Point  Bingham  on  the  coast  of  King 
George's  archipelago.  Lat.  58°  8'  N. 

Crossen,  t.  Germany,  68  m.  E.  S.  E.  Berlin. 

Crosstvicks.  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  4  m.  S.  W. 
AUentown,  8  S.  E.  Trenton,  14  S.  W.  Burlington. 

Crostolo,  r.  Italy,  joins  the  Po  above  Guastalla. 

Crotendorf,  v.  Saxony,  18  m.  S.  Chemnitz. 

Croton  creek,  rises  in  New-Fairfield,  Ct.  and 
running  across  Putnam  and  Westchester  counties, 
N.  Y.  falls  into  the  Tappan  sea,  in  Hudson  river. 
At  Croton-falls  the  water  descends  perpendicu- 
larly 60  or  70  feet.  A  bridge  erected  across  the 
creek  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  falls. 

Crotoy,  Le,  s-p.  France,  on  the  Somme,  12  nt. 
N.  W.  Abbeville.  Lat.  50°  12'  45"  N. 

Crovet,  t.  Savoy,  2  m.  N.  E.  Montmelian. 

Crovie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  14  m.  W.  Fraser- 
burg. 

Crouy,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  E.  Meaux. 

Crouzille,  La,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Limoges. 

Crow  creek,  Ten.  falls  into  the  Tennessee,  oppo- 
site Crow  town,  12  m.  below  Nickojack  town. 

C'roio  Head,  cape,  Ireland,  the  N.  W.  extremity 
of  Bantry  bay.     Lon.  10°  2'  W.  Lat.  51°  32'  N. 

Crowtand,  or  Croyland,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire, 
8  m.  S.  Spalding. 

Crowle,  t.  Eng.  36  m.  N.  Lincoln. 

Crownpoinf,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  15  m.  N.  Ticonderoga,  184  from  Montreal. 
Lat.  44°  3'  N.  Lon.  73°  29'  W.  Pop.  1,082.  The 
fort  in  this  town,  called  Crownpoint,  was  the  most 
regular  and  expensive  which  the  British  construc- 
ted in  America,  and  is  conspicuous  in  the  history 
of  the  American  wars.  It  is  now  wholly  demol- 
ished. 

Crou'snesf,  mt.  in  the  Highlands,  near  Hudson 
river,  N.  Y.     Height,  1,330  feet. 

Crou'sville,  p-v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 

Cray,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  W.  Amiens. 

Cro)/,  or  Crouy,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean.  Lon. 
68°  34'  E.  Lat.  48°  40'  S. 

Croyere,  La,  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
134°  41'  W.  Lat.  55°  50'  N. 

Croydon,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  10  m.  S.  Londoa. 
Pop.  7,801. 

Croydon,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  18  m.  N.  E. 
Charleston,  34  N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  862. 

Crozet,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  W.  Roanne. 

Crozon,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  on  a  peninsu- 
la, in  the  bay  of  Douarnenez.  Pop.  8,000,  mostly 
sailors  and  fishermen. 

Cruces,  t.  [Panama,  on  Chagre  river,  5  leagues 
from  Panama. 

Crvden,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

Crugerstown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Crumin-JVatery  r.  Ireland,  falls  into  Lough 
Neagh. 

Crusy,  t.  France,  14  m.  W.  Beziers. 

Cruys,  Kruys-Schans,  or  Fort  la  Croix,  fort, 
Netherlands,  on  the  Scheldt,  about  5  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Antwerp. 

Cub,  South  and  J^torth,  2  small  islands  of  Hud- 
son's bay,  in  James  bay.  Lon.80°  30'  W.  Lat. 54°  N. 

Cuba,  t.  Portugal,  9  m.  N.  N.  W.  Beja, 

Cuba,  a  large  island  in  the  West  Indies,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  764  miles  long.    It 


CUE 

extenJs  from  19°  48'  to  23°  15'  N.  lat.  ami  from 
74°  2'  to  84°  55'  W.  Ion.  A  chain  of  mountauns 
extends  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  whole  length  of 
the  island,  ami  divides  it  into  two  parts.  The 
months  of  July  and  August  are  rainy  ;  the  rest  of 
the  year  is  dry  and  hot.  The  soil  is  of  great  fertil- 
ity, and  produces  in  abundance,  ginger,  long  pep- 
per, and  other  spices;  aloe?,  maize,  cocoa, 
&c.  Tobacco  grows  also  to  great  perfection  ;  it 
is  exported  to  Europe  in  leaf,  snuff,  and  cigars, 
and  is  held  superior  to  the  tobacco  of  other  parts 
of  America.  This  article  is  monopolized  for  the 
benefit  of  the  crown.  The  cultivation  of  sugar 
has  also  been  carried  to  a  great  extent ;  the  quan- 
tity exported  having  amounted,  on  an  average, 
from  1801  to  1810,  to  644,000  cwt.  per  annum. 
Coffee  began  to  be  planted  in  Cuba  after  the  de- 
struction of  the  coffee  plantations  in  St.  Domin- 
go :  and  in  1803  it  produced  about  12,000  quin- 
tals, or  18  millions  of  pounds.  Honey  and  wax  are 
also  among  the  exports.  Numerous  herds  of  cattle 
feed  on  the  extensive  meadows,  and  are  hunted 
chiefly  for  their  skins,  10  or  12,000  of  which  are 
annually  exported.  Pop.  in  1804,  432,000,  of 
whom  234,000  are  whites,  90,000  free  blacks,  and 
108,000  slaves.  The  number  of  slaves  imported 
into  the  island  between  1789  and  1803,  was 
76,000. 

Cuba^  a  city  in  the  island  of  Cuba,  with  a  good 
port.    Lon,  76°  3'  W.  Lat.  20°  1'  N. 

Cubagua,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Cumana, 
formerly  celebrated  for  beautiful  pearls.  Lon.  63° 
30'  VV.  Lat.  10°  42' N. 

Chibbs  creek,  Va.  runs  into  Staunton  river,  lon. 
79°  W.  Lat.  36°  47'  N. 

C'ublanc,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  W.  Brive. 

Cuckjield,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  46  m.  S.  London. 

Cuckmere,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  English  channel, 
atCuckmere  haven,  3  m.  W.  Beachy  head. 

Cuckooville,  p-v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Cudagk,  or  Cuot/lach  Bay,  on  the  S.  W,  coast  of 
Ireland,  at  the  entrance  intoKenmare  river.  Lat. 
51°  38'  N. 

Cuddalore,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic,  on  the  W. 
shore  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Its  position  would 
have  been  more  favourable  than  that  of  Madras 
for  the  chief  settlement  of  the  British,  on  the  coast 
of  Coromandel.     Lon.|  79°  50'  E.  Lat.  1 1  °  40^  N. 

Cuddapah,  district,  Hind,  in  Golconda.  In 
1800,  it  was  ceded  to  the  British.  Cuddapah,  the 
capital,  is  the  residence  of  the  British  judge,  col- 
lector, &c.     Lon.  79°  E.  Lat.  14°  28'  N. 

Cudgwa,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  80°  48' 
E.  Lat.  26°  6' N. 

Cudjeree.     See  Kedgeree. 

Cudrejin,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Fribourg,  on  the 
lake  of  Neufchatel,  5  m.  S.  E.  Neufchatel,  21  W. 
Bern. 

Cuellar,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  36  m.  from  Se- 
govia. 

Cuenca,  city,  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Cuenca,  is  situated  on  a  rising 
ground,  between  the  rivers  Huecar  and  Xucar. 
75  m.  E.  Madrid,  100  W.  N.  W.  Valencia.  Pop. 
6,000.     Lon.  2°  16'  W.  Lat.  40°  6'  15"  N. 

Cuenca,  a  province  of  Spain,  which  forms  the 
E.  part  of  New  Castile. 

Cuenca,  t.  S.  America,  and  cap.  of  the  province 
of  Cuenca,  is  in  a  valley  celebrated  for  its  pleas- 
antness and  fertility.  180  m.  8.  Quito.  Lon.  78° 
50'  W.  Lat.  2°  55'  S.     Pop.  14,000. 

Cuernavacca,  (an.  Quaufi'mhnac,)  t.  Mexico, 
40  m.S.  S.W.Mexico. 


CUM 


205 


Cuers,  t.  France,  11  m.  N.  N.  E  Toulon.  Pop. 
4,900. 

Cufa,  t.  Irak  Arabi,  on  the  Euphrates,  90  m.  S. 
Bagdad. 

Cuiaba,  r.  Brazil,  falls  into  the  Paraguay,  in  S. 
lat.  17°  50' 

Cuiaba,  t.  Brazil,  in  Mattogrosso,  on  the  Cuia- 
ba, 96  leagues  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  estimated  at 
30,000.    Lon.  56°  2'  W.  Lat.  15°  33'  S. 

Cujavia,  formerly  a  province  of  Poland,  on  the 
Vistula.  It  now  belongs  partly  to  Russia,  and 
partly  to  Prussia. 

Cuille,  t.  France,  15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Laval, 

Culebras,  Rio  de,  r.  Mexico,  separates  Costa 
Rica  from  Veragua,  and  falls  into  the  Spanish 
main.     Lon.  82°  20'  W.  Lat.  9°  20'  N. 

Cuiembivrg,  t.  Netherlands,  27  m.  S.  S.  E.  Am- 
sterdam. 

Culhac,  t.  France,  10  m.  E.  Riom. 

Culiacan,  t.  New  Spain,  in  Sonora,  containing 
10,000  inhabitants,  on  Culiacan  river,  which  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  California  in  lat.  24°  30' N.  It  was 
formerly  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name. 

Ciillen,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  58  m.  N.  W.  Ab- 
erdeen.    Pop.  1,070. 

Cullera,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia, 
Lat.  39°  9'  N. 

Cullera,  t.  Spain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Xucar, 
21  m.  S.  Valencia. 

Culloden-Moor,  heath  of  Scotland,  Inverness- 
shire,  5  m.  E.  Inverness. 

Cully,  or  Cuilli,  t.  Switzerland,  5  m.  S.  E.  Lau- 
sanne. 

Culm,  t.  Prussia,  18  m.  N.  N.  W.  Thorn.  Lon, 
18°  10'  E.  Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Culm,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  N.  E.  Egra. 

Culmbach,  t.  Bavaria,  15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Bayreuth. 
Pop.  3,700.     Lon.  1 1°  30'  E.  Lat.  50  °5'  N. 

Culna,  t.  Bengal,  in  Burdwan,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Bhagarutty  river.  Lon.  88°  21'  E.  Lat. 
23°  13'  N. 

Culna,  t.  Bengal,  in  Jessore.  Lon.  89°  32'  E, 
Lat.  22°  50'  N. 

Culpee,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Bhaga- 
rutty river,  28  m.  S.  Calcutta. 

Culpepper,  co.  Va.  between  tlie  Blue  Ridge  and 
the  tide  waters.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post-of- 
fice. 45  m.  from  Fredericksburg,  95  from  Char- 
lotteville.  Pop.  18,967.  Slaves,  8,312.  Chief 
town,  Fairfax. 

Culross,  t.  Scotland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  tlie  frith 
of  Forth,  5  m.  W.  Dunfermline. 

Culler,  r.  Scotland,  falls  into  the  Clyde,  3  m.  S. 
W.  Biggar ;  another,  fells  into  the  Dee. 

Ctima,  or  Cumm,  a  famous  town  of  antiquity, 
near  Naples,  and  4  m.  N.  W.  Pozzuolo. 

Cuma,  small  isl.  5  m.  W.  Naples. 

Cumana,  a  province  of  the  Caraccas,  in  S.  A- 
merica,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Caribbean  sea, 
S.  by  Spanish  Guiana,  and  W.  by  Venezuela.  Pop. 
in  1804,  according  to  Depons,  80,000. 

Cumana,  city,  S.  America,  and  cap.  of  the 
province  of  Cumana,  is  near  the  mouth  of  the  gulf 
of  Cariaco,  about  a  mile  from  the  sea,  on  an  arid 
and  sandy  plain.  Earthquakes  are  very  frequent 
at  Cumana.  In  1797,  more  than  four-fifths  of  the 
city  were  entirely  destroyed.  The  inhabitants  are 
occupied  partly  in  agriculture,  and  partly  in  nav- 
igation, commerce,  and  the  fisheries.  Lon.  64° 
13'  W.  Lat.  10°  37'  N. 

Cumanacoa,  t.  Caraccas,  14  leagues  S.  E.  Cu- 
mana.   Pop.  4,200. 


206 


CUM 


Cumbarcem,  small  isl.  in  the  south  of  India,  op- 
posite Goa. 

Cumbava,  or  Sumbawa,  isl.  in  the  E.  India  sea, 
180  miles  long,  and  from  20  to  40  broad.  Lon. 
116°  20'  to  119°  30'  E.  Lat.  8°  5'  to  9°  2'  S.  The 
tremendous  volcano  of  Tomboro  is  on  this  island. 

Cumber,  t.  Ireland,  9  m.  S.  E.  Belfast. 

Cumberland,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Solway 
frith,  Adrian's  wall,  and  the  river  Liddal,  which 
separate  it  from  Scotland  ;  W.  by  the  Irish  sea  ; 
S.  by  Westmoreland  and  Lancashire  ;  E.  by  North- 
umberland and  Durham.  It  contains  1,5 16  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  133,744.  Families,  28,390, 
of  which  number,  10,868  were  engaged  in  agri- 
culture, and  1 1,448  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Cumberland,  co.  New  Brunswick,  at  the  head  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

Cumberland,  co.  in  the  S.  W  part  of  Maine, 
bounded  N.  by  Oxford,  E.  by  Lincoln,  S.  by  the 
Atlantic,  and  W.  by  York.  Pop.  42,831.  Chief 
town,  Portland. 

Cumberland,  t.  Providence  co.R.  I.  on  Pawtuck- 
et  river,  8  m.  N.  Providence.  Pop.  2,110.  It  is 
extensively  engaged  in  cotton  manufactures.  It 
contains  4  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Bap- 
tists, 1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Quakers. 

Cumberland,  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  bay,  boun- 
ded N.  by  Gloucester  co.  E.  by  Cape  May  co.  S. 
by  Delaware  ba)',  and  W.  by  Salem  co.  Pop. 
12,670.     Chief  town,  Bridgetown. 

Cumberland,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Mifflin,  E. 
by  the  Susquehannah,  which  separates  it  from 
Dauphin,  S.  by  York  and  Adams,  and  S.  W.  and 
W.  by  Franklin.  Pop.  26,757.  Chief  town, 
Carlisle. 

Cumberlrmd,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Cumberland,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,591. 

Cumberland  valley,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
570. 

Cumberland,  p-t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  on 
the  Potomac,  at  the  junction  of  Wills  creek, 
148  m.  W.  by  N.  Baltimore,  105  N.  W.  Washing- 
ton. Lat  39°  37'  N.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  jail,  a  bank,  and  3  churches,  1  for  Lutherans, 
1  for  Roman  Catholics,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

Cumberland,  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  sideof  Appoma- 
tox  river,  which  divides  it  from  Prince  Edward. 
The  court-house,  where  is  a  post-office,  is  28  m. 
from  Powhattan,  52  from  Richmond.  Pop.  9,992. 
Slaves,  6,102.     Chieftown,  Cartersville. 

Cumberland,  t.  New  Kent  co.  Va.  on  the  Pa- 
munky,  55  m.  E.  Richmond. 

Cumberland,  co.  in  Fayette  district,  N.  C.  Pop. 
9,382.  Slaves,  2,796.  Chief  town,  Fayette- 
yille. 

Cumberland,  co.  Ken,  Pop.  6,191.  Slaves, 
922.     Chieftown,  Berksville. 

Cumberland  ford,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Ken. 

Cumberland  gap,  p-v.  Clairborne  co.  Ten. 

Cumberland  head.,  a  peninsula  on  the  W.  shore 
of  Lake  Champlain,  between  which  and  the  main 
land  is  Cumberland  bay. 

Cumberland  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  66°  42'  N. 

Cumberland  House,  one  of  the  Hudson-bay  com- 
pany's factories,  on  Pine  island  Lake.  Lon.  102° 
6'  W.  Lat.  53°  58'  N. 

Cumberland  island,  on  the  coast  of  Geo.  be- 
tween the  mouths  of  Satilla  and  St.  Mary's  river. 
On  the  S.  point,  there  was  formerly  a  fort,  which 
commanded  the  entrance  of  St.  Mary's  river. 

Cumberland  Islands,  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  21 1°  28'  W.  Lat.  20°  36'  S. 


CUR 

Cumberland  mountains,  are  a  part  of  the  Laure}, 
mountains,  and  extend  N.  E.  and  S.  W.  from  Vir- 
ginia, along  the  S.  E.  border  of  Kentucky,  across 
Tennessee,  terminating  near  its  southern  bounda- 
ry. The  ridge  is  about  30  miles  broad,  and  enlar- 
ges in  Tennessee  to  the  width  of  50  miles.  In  one 
place  there  is  a  ledge  of  rocks  near  the  summit,  30 
miles  long,  with  a  perpendicular  front  to  the  8.  E. 
of  200  feet.  The  'Tennessee  river  breaks  through 
this  ridge  at  a  place  called  the  Whirl,  or  Suck. 

Cumberland  river,  U.  States,  rises  in  the  Cum- 
berland mountains,  in  Kentucky,  and  running  into 
Tennessee,  makes  a  circular  bend,  passing  again 
into  Kentucky,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio,  1,113  m. 
below  Pittsburg,  10  above  the  mouth  of  Tennes- 
see river.  It  is  600  miles  long,  and  navigable  for 
boats  of  15  tons,  500  miles. 

Cumberland  Strait,  in  Hac  N.  sea.  Lon.  65^  2ff 
W.  Lat.  63035' N. 

Cumbernauld,  v.  Scotland,  in  Dunbarton,  14  m. 
N.  E.  Glasgow.    Pop.  2,334. 

Cumbray,  Great,  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of 
Clyde,  and  separated  from  Little  Cumbray  by  a 
strait  I  of  a  mile  broad. 

Cumiana,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  S.  W.  Turin.  Pop. 
4,600. 

Cumly,  small  district  of  In,'Ma,  on  the  coast  of 
Malabar,  situated  between  12°  and  13°  N.  lat. 

Cummazee,  large  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  Ashan- 
tee. 

Cummington,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N 
W.  Northampton.    Pop.  1,009. 

Cumnock,  New  and  Old,  2  parishes,  Scotland,  iu 
Ayrshire.     Old  Cumnock  is  15  m.  E.  Ayr. 

Cumo,  t.  Sweden,  24  m.  S.  E.  Biorneborg, 

Cmidapour,  s-p.  on  tlie  coast  of  Malabar.  Lat. 
13°  40'  N. 

Cuneni,  large  r.  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Atlan- 
tic on  the  coasts,  of  Benguela,  under  the  name  of 
Bembarooghe. 

Cunlhat,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  14  m.  N. 
W.  Ambert. 

Cunnersdorf,  v.  Prussia,  3  m.  E.  N.  E.  Frankfort 
on  the  Oder. 

Cunningham,  district,  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire. 

Cunningham's  island,  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake 
Erie,  near  the  entrance  of  Sandusky  bay. 

Cunningham's  store,  p-v.  Person  co.  N.  C. 

Cunnoor,  t.  India,  25  m.  from  Mysore. 

Cuorgne,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Oreo,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Ivrea. 

Cupar,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fife,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Eden  with  the  St.  Mary,  22  m.  E.  S.  E.  Perth. 
Pop.  4,758. 

Cupar-Angus,  t.  Scotland,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Perth, 
15  N.  W.  Dundee.     Pop.  2,590. 

Cupertino,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  8  m-  N.  E. 
Nardo. 

Cupica,  bay,  or  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Grenada, 
N.  of  Cape  Corrientes,  and  S.  of  St,  Miguel. 

Curacoa,  isl.  in  the  Caribbean  sea,  75  m.  from 
the  coast  of  Caraccas,  30  miles  long  and  10  broad. 
It  produces  sugar  and  tobacco,  but  its  soil  is  not 
fertile,  and  it  is  dependent  on  the  rains  for  a  supply 
of  water.  It  belongs  to  the  Dutch.  It  was  cap- 
tured by  the  British  in  1806,  but  restored  in  1814. 
In  1810  its  exports  amounted  in  value  to  263,996  /. 
and  its  imports  to  236,181.  Lon.  69°  2'  W.  Lat. 
12°  6'  N.  The  city  of  Curracoa  has  a  good  port, 
Ibrtified  by  a  castle. 

Curaoma,  Punia  de,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lat.  33°  8' S. 
^   Curasay,  r.  Quito,  fells  into  the  Napo. 


c  u  s 


c  u  z 


207 


Curemonde,  t.  France,  13  m.  S.  E.  Brive. 

Cnren,  s-p.  Barca,  in  Africa,  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Cyrene.    Lon.  21^  20'  E. 

Curgie,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Wigtonshire, 

Curial.    See  Mangalore. 

Curico,  or  St.  Joseph  of  Bueno  Vista,  t.  Chili. 
Lat.  34°  14'  S. 

Curisches  Haff,  or  the  Gulf  of  Courland,  an  arm 
of  the  sea  in  East  Prussia,  which  extends  from 
Mulzen  to  Memel,  where  it  communicates  with 
the  Baltic.     Its  leng;th  is  about  70  miles. 

Curlew  Mountains,  Ireland,  between  loughs  Ga- 
ra  and  Arrow. 

Curraghoe  Mountains,  Ireland,  15  m.  S,  W. 
Strabane. 

Ctirrah,  district.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Currah, 
the  capital,  is  on  the  Ganges.  Lon.  81°  24'  E. 
Lat.  25°  44'  N. 

Currant,  r.  Ai-kansaw  Territory,  runs  into 
White  River  from  the  west,  and  is  navigable  100 
miles. 

Currie,  v.  Scotland,  6  m.  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Currituck,  co.  on  the  coast  of  Edenton  district, 
N.  C.  bounded  N.  by  Virginia,  E.  by  Currituck 
Sound,  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  W.  by  Cam- 
den* CO.  Pop.  6,985.  Slaves,  1,631.  Dismal 
Swamp  is  in  this  county.  Currituck  Sound  com- 
municates with  Albemarle  Sound,  and  also  by  sev- 
eral inlets  with  the  Atlantic. 

Cii.rrumboss,  t.  Hind,  on  the  Ganges.  Lon,  78° 
14'  E.  Lat.  28°  20'  N. 

Curryrurt/,  a  frontier  district  of  Bengal,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Brahmapootra. 

Curtatone,  t.  Lombardy,  4  m.  W.  Mantua. 

Curuan,  or  Quariana,  small  islands  near  the 
coast  of  Brazil.    Lat.  0°  50'  N. 

Curvens,  p-v.  Lawrence  co.  Arkansaw  Territory. 

Curupi,  r.  S.  America,  falls  into  the  Orinoco. 

Curuputuba,  r.  Brazil,  falls  into  the  Amazon  on 
the  N.  in  lat.  1°  52'  S. 

Cursola,  (an.  Corcyra  J^itra,)  isl.  in  the  Adriat- 
ic, separated  by  a  narrow  strait  from  the  penin- 
sula of  Sabioncello  in  Dalmatia.  Curzola,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  17°  6'  E.  lat.  43°  12'  N. 

Curzolari,  (an.  Echince,  or  Echinades  Insula,)  5 
small  islands  near  the  coast  of  Greece  and  the 
gulf  of  Lepanto,  12  m»  E.  Cefalonia. 

Cusawago  creek,  r.  Pa.  joins  French  creek  at 
Meadville. 

Cusco.     See  Cuzco. 

Ctish,  or  Ethiopia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  comprises  the 
south  part  of  Arabia,  and  a  large  country  of  Africa 
south  of  Egypt. 

Cusheeny,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Little  Bar- 
row, 7  m.  E.  N.  E.  Portarlington. 

Cushenden  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lat.  55°  7'  N. 

Cushing,  I.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  33  m.  E.  Wis- 
casset.    Pop.  532. 

Cusset,  t.  France,  on  the  Allier,  12  m.  E.  Gan- 
nat. 

Custee,  t.  Bengal,  45  m.  S.  E.  Moorshedabad. 

Custine,  or  Conde  sur  Moselle,  v.  France,  16  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Nancy. 

Custrin,  fortified  t.  Prussian  States,  in  the  New 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Wartha  and  the  Oder.  48  m.  E.  Berlin.  Pop. 
4,500.     Lon.  14°  48'  E.  Lat.  52°  38'  N. 

Cusu  Leuvii,  large  river,  Patagonia,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  41°  S.  It  is  known  under 
the  names,  Rio  JVegro,  the  Desagu-rro,  and  Leuvu 
V<tmo,  or  Black  rrm-. 


Gulanlegutt,  r.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  rises  about  20 
m.  S.  lake  Ontario,  and  runs  into  Cutantfeguet  bay, 
9  m.  fr.  lake  Ontario. 

Cuich,  district.  Hind,  between  23°  and  24°  N. 
Iat.and69°  and7l°  E. lon. bounded  N.by  Ajmerc, 
E.  by  Gujerat,  S.  by  the  sea,  and  W.  by  Sind.  It 
is  possessed  by  various  independent  chiefs. 

Cutchogue,  p-v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

Cutchwara,  district,  Hind,  in  Malwah,  situated 
about  25°  N.  lat.  and  between  76°  and  78°  E.  lon. 

Cictlymara,  t,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  18  m.  E. 
N,  E.  Moorshedabad. 

Cuttack,  district,-  Hind,  in  Orissa,  between  20° 
and  22°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Bengal,  W.  by  a 
range  of  mountains,  and  E.  by  the  sea.  It  is  140 
miles  long,  by  60  broad.  Pop.  1,200,000.  In  this 
district  is  the  celebrated  temple  of  Juggernaut, 
which  is  annually  visited  by  some  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  Hindoo  pilgrims.  Cuttack  was  ce- 
ded to  the  British  in  1803,  and  is  now  managed  by 
a  civil  establishment  of  a  judge,  collector.  Sic. 

Cuttack,  city.  Hind.  cap.  of  Cuttack  district, 
stands  on  an  island,  formed  by  the  Mahanuddy 
river.     Lon.  86°  10'  E.  Lat.  20°  31'  N. 

Cutterah,  i.  Hind,  in  Bareily.  Lon.  79°  37'  E. 
Lat.  28°  3' N. 

Cutwa,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hoog- 
ly,  75  m.  N,  Calcutta.  It  is  a  station  of  the  Eng- 
lish Baptists,  and  the  centre  of  a  large  circle  of 
itinerant  labors,  carried  on  by  native  preachers, 
under  the  direction  of  an  European  Missionary. 
Schools  have  been  established,  in  which  nearly 
1000  children  are  instructed. 

Cuves,  t.  France,  10  ra.  N.  E.  Avranches. 

Cuvio,  t.  Lombardy,  15  m.  N.  W.  Como. 

Cuxac,  t.  France,  5  m.  N.  E.  Narbonne ;  an- 
other, 9  m.  fr.  Carcassonne. 

Cuxhaven,  s-p.  Germany,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Elbe,  at  its  mouth.  The  harbor  is  large  and 
commodious,  and  having  lately  been  improved  at 
a  great  expense,  is  one  of  the  safest  on  the  coast, 
and  is  resorted  to  in  all  cases  of  danger.  60  m. 
N.  W.  Hamburgh.  The  light-house  is  in  lon.  8'- 
43'1"E.  Lat.  53°  52' 21"  N. 

Cuyahoga,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  lake  Erie,  after  a 
course  of  60  miles.  It  is  navigable  a  considera- 
ble distance.  There  is  only  a  short  portage  be- 
tween tliis  river,  and  the  branches  of  the  Muskitf- 
gum. 

Cuyahoga,  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth 
of  Cuyahoga  river.  Pop.  in  1815,  2,500.  Chief 
town,  Cleveland. 

Cuyo,  province,  S.  America,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Andes,  formerly  included  in  Chili,  but  now 
annexed  to  Buenos  Ayres. 

Cuzco,  city,  Peru,  and  the  ancient  capital  ol 
the  Peruvian  empire.  It  was  founded  in  1043,  by 
Manca  Capac,  the  first  Inca  of  Peru.  The  gran- 
deur and  magnificence  of  the  edifices,  of  the  for- 
tress, and  of  the  temple  of  the  sun,  struck  the 
Spaniards  with  astonishment  in  1534,  wlien  the 
city  was  taken  by  Pizarro.  The  city  preserve? 
many  monuments  of  its  ancient  grandeur,  and 
among  others,  the  great  fortress  built  for  its  de- 
fence, which,  although  injured  by  time,  bears  tes- 
timony to  the  power  of  the  Incas,  and  excites  as- 
tonishment in  the  mind  of  every  beholder.  Cuzcr. 
is  at  present  a  large  city.  The  houses  are  almost 
all  of  stone,  and  of  fine  proportion.  There  is  an 
elegant  cathedral,  and  9  churches.  Pop.  20,000, 
550  m.  E,  S.  E.  Lima.  Lon.  71^  4'  ^V,  Lat.  VT- 
42' S. 


208 


D  A  C 


DAG 


Cuzwnely  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Yucatan,  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras.    Lat.  19°  N. 

Cyclades,  the  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  a 
group  of  islands  in  the  Archipelago.  Andros  is 
the  most  northerly,  and  Santorin  the  most  south- 
erly ;  the  others  of  note  are  Naxos,  Paros,  Peri- 
pho,  Milo,  Zea,  Tino,  and  Stampalia.  See  jir- 
chipelago. 

Cynthiana.     See  Cinthiania. 

Cypress-bridge,  p-v.  Chatham  co.  N.  C. 

Cyprus,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  140 
miles  long,  and  75  broad.  It  was  much  celebrated 
in  ancient  times,  for  its  ample  population,  its 
smiling  aspect,  and,  above  all,  as  the  abode  of 
gaiety  and  pleasure.  It  is  nearly  traversed  from 
E.  to  W.  by  two  lofty  chains  of  mountains.  South 
of  the  mountains  are  level  tracts,  which  are  ex- 
posed, without  shelter,  to  burning  blasts  from  the 
deserts  of  Africa  and  Arabia. 

The  corn  of  Cyprus  is  of  excellent  quality ; 
but  wine  is  the  staple  product  of  the  island.  Its 
grapes  are  perhaps,  the  richest  and  most  luscious 
in  the  world.  Other  products  are  apricots, 
cheese,  wool,  cotton,  silk,  and  salt.  Cyprus  is 
noted  for  manufactures  of  leather,  carpets,  and 
printed  cottons. — Two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Christian,  but  are  cruelly  oppressed  by  their 
Turkish  masters.  The  governor  resides  at  Nico- 
tia :  his  appointment  is  annual,  and  obtained  by 
purchase ;  so  that  the  object  of  every  successive 
ruler  is  to  extort  the  utmost  possible  amount  of 
revenue,  without  any  regard  to  what  may  after- 
•wards  become  of  the  island.  Under  this  horrid 
system  J  Cyprus,  from  being  one  of  the  most  fertile 


ajid  beautiful  spots  in  the  world,  has  been  coo- 
verted  almost  into  a  desert.     Pop.  60,000. 

Cyrene,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  celebrated  city  of  Af- 
rica, and  the  metropolis  of  Libya  Superior,  which 
was  called  from  it  Cyrenean  Libya.  See  Libya. 
There  are  other  cities  of  this  name,  mentioned  in 
the  Bible :  one,  in  Media ;  another,  in  Palestine, 
which  was  the  birth  place  of  Simon  who  carried 
the  cross  of  Jesus. 

Czarnihow,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  26  m.  N.  Posen. 

Czarnoxco,  v.  Poland,  on  the  Narew. 

Czartorysk,  t.  Russia,  42  m.  E.  S.  E.  Prague. 

Czaslau,  t.  Bohemia,  cap.  of  a  circle  on  the 
Crudimka. 

Czenstochowa,  JVetv,  t.  Russian  Poland,  50  m-. 
N.  N.  W.  Cracow. 

Czernahora,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  N.  Brunn. 

Czemigov,  or  Tschemigov,  a  government  of  Eu. 
Russia,  between  those  of  Mohilev,  Smolensk©, 
Orel,  Kursk,  Pultava,  Kiev,  and  Minsk.  Pop. 
741,850. — Czernigov,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Des- 
na, 75  m.  N.  Kiev,  344  S.  W.  Moscow.  Lon.  32° 
13'  E.  Lat.  51°  20'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Czernitz,  t.  Walachia,  near  the  Danube,  44  m. 
E.  Belgrade. 

Czernovicz,  or  Tschemowitz,  t.  Austrian  em{fire, 
in  Galicia,  on  the  Pruth,  140  m.  S.  E.  Lemberg, 
95  N.  W.  Jassy.  Lon.  26°  33'  E.  Lat.  48°  25' 
40"  N.     Pop.  5,400. 

Czersk,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistula,  25  m.  S.  E. 
Warsaw. 

Czongrad,  t.  Hungary,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Korosch  and  the  Theyss.  Lon.  20°  9'  E.  Lat. 
46°  43'  12"  N. 


D. 


Dabul,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hind.  80  m.  S. 
Bombay.     Lat.  17^  45'  N. 

Dacca  Jelalpore,  district,  Bengal,  between  23° 
and  24°  N.  lat.  It  is  180  m.  long,  and  60  broad, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Ganges  and  Brahmapoo- 
tra, which,  with  their  various  branches,  form  a 
complete  inland  navigation.  It  is  esteemed  the 
richest  district  in  Bengal.  Its  principal  produce 
is  rice.  Next  to  this  are  betel  nut,  tobacco,  and 
cotton.     Dacca  is  the  capital. 

Dacca,  city,  Hind.  cap.  of  Dacca  district,  and 
for  80  years  the  capital  of  Bengal,  is  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Old  Ganges,  100  m.  from  the  sea,  a 
position  extremely  favourable  for  trade,  as  the 
river  communicates  with  all  the  other  inland 
navigations.  Here  are  manufactured  those  beau- 
tiful muslins,  which  are  exported  to  every  part  of 
the  world.  It  is  the  residence  of  an  English  j  udge 
and  collector,  and  the  station  of  a  battalion  of  na- 
tive infantry.  The  English  Baptists  support  a 
missionary  here,  and  schools,  in  which  more  than 
500  children  are  instructed.  180  m.  N.E.Cal- 
cutta.    Lon.  90°  17'  E.  Lat.  23°  42'  N. 

Dacheet,  r.  Louisiana,  runs  into  Red  river,  at 
lake  Bistineau. 

Dachsback,  t.  Bavaria,  22  m.  S.  Bamberg. 

Dachsland,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  11  m.  N.  E. 
Rastadt. 

Dachstem,  t,  France,  8  m,  W.  Stra?barg. 


Dacino,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Coca,  in  lal; 
30' S. 

Dadacardim,  t.  A.  Turkey,  60  m.  S.  Diar* 
bekir. 

Dadi,  t.  Greece,  near  Parnassus,  50  m.  N.  Cas- 
tri,  75  S.  Larissa.     Pop.  9,000. 

Dadivan,  a  plain  of  Persia,  between  Schiraz 
and  Lar,  about  15  miles  in  circumference,  where 
the  European  merchants  of  Ormus  retreat  during 
the  heats  of  summer. 

Dadizeele,  t.  Netherlands,  13  m.  E.  by  S.  Ypres, 

Daffer,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  S.  Africa.  Lon. 
18°  E.  Lat.  33°  20'  S. 

DageleVs  Island,  in  the  sea  of  Japan.  Lon.  131"^ 
22'  E.  Lat.  37°  25'  N. 

Dagenham,  v.  Eng.  on  the  Thames,  9  m.  E. 
London. 

Dageou,  small  country  of  Central  Africa,  be- 
tween Darfur  and  Bergoo. 

Dagerort,  v.  Russia,  on  the  island  of  Dagoe. 

Daghestan,  country,  Asia,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Caspian  sea,  between  41°  and  43°  N.  lat,, 
about  134  miles  long,  by  30  or  40  broad.  The 
principal  towns  are  Tarki  and  Derbend.  It  is 
suWect  to  the  Russians. 

Dagjour.     See  Dashour. 

Dagma,  or  Dagomar,  t.  Arabia,  near  the  sea 
coast,  20  m.  fr.  Kalhat.     Lat.  23°  21'  N. 

Dagno  Trenidava,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania- 


DAL 


DAM 


209 


at  the  junction  of  the  White  and  Black  Drino, 
'25  m.  S.  E.  Scutari.  Lon.  14°  58'  E.  Lat.  42" 
32- N. 

Dagoe,  or  Dagen,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  Finland,  with  a  light-house 
at  Dagerort,  in  lon.  21°  39'  15"  E.  lat.  58^^  56'  N. 

Dagoice,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Damietta  branch  of 
the  Nile,  12  m.  N.  Cairo. 

Dagsboroiigh,  p-t.  and  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Del. 
on  Pepers  creek,  a  branch  of  Indian  river,  19  m. 
fr.  Broadkill,  127  fr.  Philadelphia, 

DahaJac,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  off  the  coast  of 
Abyssinia,  nearly  opposite  to  Massuah. 

i)ahay  Pointy  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Panay.     Lon.  121°  55'  E.  Lat.  12°  4'  N. 

Dak/Li,  V.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  46  m.  S.  E.  Lo- 
heia. 

Dahme,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  river  Dahme, 
40  m.  S.  Berlin. 

Dahomci/,  a  kingdom  in  the  interior  of  W.  Af- 
vica,  behind  the  Slave  coast.  The  country  is 
very  little  known  to  Europeans.  The  parts  which 
have  been  visited,  are  very  beautiful  and  fertile. 
The  soil  is  a  deep  rich  clay,  yielding  maize,  mil- 
let, and  Guinea  corn  in  abundance.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  a  warlike  and  ferocious  race.  Their 
institutions  and  political  system  are  of  a  very 
extraordinary  character.  Their  Avomen  are  train- 
ed to  arms.  All  the  females  of  the  nation  are 
considered  as  belonging  to  the  king,  and  a  distri- 
bution of  wives  takes  place  once  a  year,  at  a  grand 
festival.  The  government  is  the  mo«t  absolute 
despotism  ;  yet  founded  not  on  force  or  terror,  but 
on  a  blind  and  idolatrous  veneration  for  the  per- 
son of  the  sovereign. 

D'' Ailleboul,  seigniory,  Warwicl::  co.  Lower 
Canada. 

Daina,  v.  Syria,  23  m.  fr.  Antioch. 

Dair  el  Kamar,  or  the  House  of  the  Moon,  t. 
Syria,  18  m.  N.  E.  Saide. 

Dal,  V.  Sweden,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Dalai.     See  Coulan. 

Dale,  r.  Ireland,  runs  into  the  Foyle,  below 
Lifford. 

Dale,  V.  Cyprus,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ida- 
lium,  12  m.  S.  Nicosia. 

Dalecarlia,  province,  Sweden,  bounded  W.  by 
the  mountains  of  Norway,  N.  by  Hcrjedal,  E.  by 
Helsingland,  S.  by  Westmannland.  Since  the  re- 
cent division  of  the  Swedish  domiiiions,  it  is 
known  by  the  name  of  Slora-Kopparberg,  or  the 
government  of  Falilun,  and  contains  1300  square 
miles,  and  124,806  inhabitants.  The  chief  wealth 
of  Dalecarlia  lies  in  its  mines,  particulai'ly  those 
of  copper,  the  chief  of  which  are  at  Fahlun  and 
Afvestad. 

Dalen,  t.  Prussian  states,  12  m.  S.  E.  Ruremond. 
Lon.  6°  12'  E.  Lat.  51°  6'  N. 

Dalen,  t.  Saxony,  27  m.  E.  Leipsic. 

Dalenburg,  t.  Hanover,  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Zell. 
JDalheith,  t.  Scotland,  6  m.  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  4,709. 

Dalla,  isl.  and  district,  in  tlie  Delta  of  the  Irra- 
wuddy  river. 

Dallas,  CO.  Alabama,  on  both  sides  of  Alabama 
river,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cahawba. 

Datmachery,  t.  India,  in  Mysoi'e.  Lon.  79°  5' 
E.  Lat.  13°  43'  N. 

Dalmatia,  a  country,  in  the  S.  of  Europe,  ox- 
tending  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Adriatic,  between 
42°  and  44°  30'  N.  lat. ;  and  bounded  N.  by  Croa- 
tia, and  E.  by  ^^UI■key.  It  is  partly  continental 
and  partiv  insubr,     llie  continental  portion  is 

27 


divided  into  the  circles  of  Zara,  Spalatro,  and 
Macarsca.  The  principal  islands  are  Brazza,  Le- 
sina,  Corzola,  and  Melada.  Zara  is  the  seat  of 
government ;  the  other  towns  of  note  are  Spalatro, 
Sebenico,  Knin,  Trau,  Narenta,  and  Almissa, 
The  whole  contains  about  6,700  sq.  miles,  with 
343,000  inhabitants.  It  abounds  with  excellent 
harbors,  but  very  little  use  has  hitherto  been 
made  of  them.  The  forests  on  the  mountains  are 
of  great  extent.  The  chief  products  of  Dalma- 
tia are  maize,  wheat,  grapes,  and  olives.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  maritime  towns  are  chiefly 
Catholics,  and  resemble  the  Italians  in  language 
and  manners;  but  the  inhabitants  of  the  upper 
country  are  Morlachians,  and  have  all  the  indo- 
lence of  a  half  civilized  nation.  This  country 
now  belongs  to  Austria. 

Dalmatia,  p-v.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Dalmanutha,  in  Sac.  Geog.  town  or  village,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  sea  of  Gennesareth,  and  be- 
yond Jordan.  It  was  near  Magdala,  and  seems 
to  have  belonged  to  it. 

Dalri/mple  port,  one  of  the  4  principal  ports  in 
the  island  of  Van  Diemen's  land.  It  is  on  the  N. 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tamar,  which  falls  into 
Bass's  straits.  There  is  a  British  settlement  here, 
which  contained,  in  1818,  753  inhabitants,  of 
whom  336  were  convicts.  The  port  is  a  rendez- 
vous for  the  seal  fishery  in  Bass's  straits,    ^a 

Dalri/mple'' s  Point,  cape,  in  the  island  or*E)om- 
inic-a,  2  m.  S.  Charlotte's  Town. 

Dalton,  t.  Eng.  38  m.  N.  Lancaster. 

Dalton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  ^  m.  fr.  Hudders.- 
field. 

Dalton,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er, at  the  15  mile  falls,  8  m.  S.  Lancaster.  Pop. 
235. 

Dalton,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Lenox,  130  W.  Boston.     Pop.  779. 

Dam,  or  Jfeuendam,  t.  New  Mark  of  Branden- 
burg, 20  ra.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Damac^  t.  and  fort,  Java,  15  m.  fr.  Samarang. 

Damala,  v.  on  the  east  coast  of  the  Morea,  near 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Trcezene,  40  m.  S.  E.  Napoli 
di  Romagna. 

Damala,  Cape.     SeeSkillo,  Cape, 

Damanhur,  t.  Lower  Egypt,  on  a  canal,  be- 
tween the  Nile  and  lake  Mareotis,  34  m.  E.  S.  E,. 
Alexandria. 

Damar,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  56  m.  N.  Sana, 
94  N.  E.  Mocha.  Lon.  44°  12'  E.  Lat.  14° 
32'  N. 

Damaran,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  119^^ 
50'  E.  Lat.  10°  5'  N. 

Damariscotta,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  rises  in  a 
large  pond,  and  flows  into  the  sea,  between  the 
towns  of  Boothbay  and  Bristol.  It  is  navigable  15 
miles,  and  communicates,  at  its  moutli,  with 
Townsend  harbor  or  Booth  bay. 

Damascus,  a  pachalic  or  government  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  comprehending  nearly  the  whole  eastern 
part  of  Syria.  The  soil  and  productions  are  ex- 
tremely diversified.  The  banks  of  the  river 
Orontes,  and  the  plains  of  the  Hauran,  are  the 
most  fertile  portions.  All  the  mountains  are  ap- 
propriated to  olive,  mulberry,  and  other  fruit 
trees.  From  the  vines,  wine  is  made  by  the 
Greeks,  and  raisins  by  the  Mahometans.  The 
population  consists  of  Mahometans,  Christians, 
Jews,  and  wandering  tribes  from  the  deserts.  It 
carries  on  various  manufactures,  and  a  considera- 
ble trade. 

Damancns.  a  rity  of  Syria.,  the  oapitnl  of  a  pn - 


210 


D  A  M 


DAN 


chalic  of  the  same  name,  situated  in  a  fertile 
plain,  amidst  extensive  gai-dens,  forming  a  circuit 
of  between  25  and  30  miles.  The  Arabs  speak  of 
itwith  enthusiasm,  and  think  they  can  never  suffi- 
ciently extol  the  freshness  and  verdure  of  its  or- 
chards, and  the  abundance  and  variety  of  its 
fruits.  No  city  contains  so  many  canals  and  foun- 
tains ;  each  house  has  one,  and  all  these  waters 
are  furnished  by  three  rivulets,  or  branches  of  the 
river  Barrady,  which,  after  fertilizing  the  gar- 
dens for  a  course  of  three  leagues,  flows  into  a 
hollow  of  the  desert  to  the  S.  E.  and  foi-ms  a  mor- 
ass called  "  Behairat-el-Merdi,"  or  the  lake  of 
the  Meadow.  The  city  is  said  to  contain  2,000 
mosques,  and  200,000  inhabitants,  of  whom  20,000 
are  Catholics,  5,000  Schismatics,  5,000  Jews,  and 
the  rest  JVIaliometans.  This  city  is  the  seat  of  ex- 
tensive trade  and  manufactures.  It  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  sabres  of  such 
peculiar  quality,  as  to  be  perfectly  elastic ;  they 
never  broke,  and  iron  would  yield  under  their 
edge.  The  manufacturers  of  arms  are  still  nu- 
merous. Tliere  are  also  extensive  manufactures 
in  silk  and  cotton  stufis.  Commerce  is  carried  on 
chiefly  by  caravans,  of  which  the  principal  is  that 
to  Mecca.  Three  caravans,  each  accompanied 
by  above  2,500  armed  men,  go  thrice  a  year  to 
Bagdad,  the  journey  occupying  30  days ;  those  to 
Alepop  travel  twice  or  thrice  a  month ;  besides 
whicr^  there  are  many  to  different  parts  of  Syria, 
Damascus  being  the  rendezvous  of  a  multitude  of 
pilgrims  from  all  quarters,  so  as  to  resemble  an 
immense  fair.  Provisions  of  all  kinds  are  abun- 
dant. 136  m.  N.  Jerusalem,  195  S.  Antioch,  276 
a.  S.  W.  Diai-bekir.  Lon.  36°  30'  E.  Lat.  33° 
30' N. 

Damascus,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  on  Delaware  river, 
18  m.  N.  W,  Bethany.     Pop.  391. 

Damascus,  p-v,  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Damaun,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  in  Au- 
rungabad.     Lon.  73°  1'  E.  Lat.  20°  22'  IN. 

Damazen,  t.  France,  17  m.  S.  by  E.  Mar- 
mande. 

Dambach,  t.  France,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Strasburg. 

Dambach.     See  Tambach. 

Damery,  t.  France,  4  m.  W,  Epernay. 

Daviqan,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan.  Lon.  53°  36' 
E.  Lat!  35°  50'  N. 

Damgarten,  t.  Pomerania,  22  m.  S.  W.  Str;i.l- 
sund. 

Damicotta,  t.  Hind.  30  m.  N.  Coimbetoor. 

Damielta,  city,  Lower  Egypt,  on  theE.  branch 
of  the  Nile,  6  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  on  a  nar- 
row neck  of  land,  from  2  to  6  miles  broad,  be- 
tween the  Nile  and  lake  Menzaleh.  The  houses 
are  built  in  a  crescent  along  the  bank  of  the  river. 
The  walls,  formerly  so  strong,  are  now  in  ruins. 
It  has  no  harbor,  and  vessels  are  obliged  to  lie  in 
the  road  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  where  they 
are  exposed  to  all  winds.  The  commerce  of  Da- 
mietta  is,  notwithstanding,  very  considerable,  es- 
pecially with  Syria,  Cyprus,  and  other  parts  of 
the  Turkish  empire.  It  exports  hides,  tallow, 
nee,  and  occasionally  corn;  and  imports  tobacco, 
■wood,  soap,  cotton,  oil,  and  raw  silk.  The  coun- 
try round  Damietta  is  perhaps  the  most  fertile  in 
Egypt.  This  city  is  threatened  by  a  serious  dan- 
ger from  the  gradual  encroachments  of  lake  Men- 
zaleh towards  the  river,  by  which  the  space  be- 
tween these  two  waters  is  gradually  diminished. 
Another  apprehension  is,  that  this  branch  of  the 
Nile,  whirfi  is  annually  becomiug  shallower,  will 


cease  in  a  few  years  to  be  navigable  for  boats  of 
large  burden.  Pop.  30,000  or  40,000.  Lon.  31*= 
49'45"E.  Lat.  31°  25' N. 

Damm,  Alt,  fortified  t.  Farther  Pomerania^  T 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Stettin,  11  N.  W.  Stargard. 

Dammariin,  t.  France,  25  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Damme,  fortified  t.  Netherlands,  3  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Bruges. 

Davime,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  128°  36 
E.  Lat.  7°  20'  S. 

Dammische  See,  a  large,  navigable  lake  of  the 
Prussian  States,  in  Farther  Pomerania,  which  is 
properly  an  expansion  of  the  Oder.  It  receive-" 
likewise  the  waters  of  the  Isna  and  the  Plone ;  i? 
about  9  miles  long,  and  from  2i  to  3  broad. 

Damour,  (an.  Tanagnis,)  r.  Syria,  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  between  Saide  and  Bairout. 

Dampier's  Bai/,  or  Shark's  Bay,  a  spacious  bay 
on  the  W.  coast  of  New  Holland,  penetrating  150 
miles  into  the  land. 

Damjricr''s  Strait,  channel  from  the  Eastern  In- 
dian sea  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  the  island* 
of  Waygiou  and  Battanta. 

Dan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  of  Palestine,  on  its 
extreme  northern  border,  near  the  source  of  the 
Jordan,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Libanus.  At  first,  it 
was  called  Laish,  and  then  Dq.n,  from  the  Danites 
who  took  possession  of  it ;  afterwards  it  was  en- 
larged and  ornamented  by  Philip,  and  called  C'a- 
sarea  Philippi. 

Dan,  r.  rises  on  the  borders  of  N.  Carolina  and 
Virginia,  and  flowing  through  a  fertile  country, 
unites  with  Staunton  river,  to  form  the  Roanoke. 
It  is  navigable  to  Danville,  where  there  are  falls 
of  22  or  23  feet  perpendicular  ;  but  by  the  im- 
provements which  are  contemplated,  its  naviga- 
tion will  be  extended  100  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Dana,  t.  Worcester  co,  Mass.  32  m.  N.  W.  Wor- 
cester, 70  m.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  625. 

Danhury,  t.  Grafton  co,  N.  H.  25-  m.  N.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  345. 

Danbury,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  33  m.  W.  N.  W. 
New  Haven,  54  S.  W.  Hartford.  Pop.  3,606.  The 
courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and 
at  Fairfield.  The  village  contains  a  court-house, 
an  academy,  and  2  churches.  Manufactures  are 
carried  on  here,  particularly  of  hats.  In  1777, 
the  town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  military  stores, 
was  burnt  by  the  British. 

Danbury,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  comprises  the  pe- 
ninsula between  Portage  river  and  Sandusky  bay. 
It  is  about  20  miles  long,  and  2  or  3  wide,  and  ter- 
minates in  Point  Prospect.  A  custom-house  is 
kept  at  Bull  island,  on  the  southern  shore  of  the 
peninsula,  near  the  point. 

Dauby,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  7  m.  fr.  Whitby. 

Danby,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  32  m.  W.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,730. 

Danby,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N,  Y.  8  m.  N.  Spencer. 

Danculi,  an  extensive  territory  of  E.  Africa,  • 
between  Abyssinia  and  the  Red  sea,  the  coast  ot 
which  it  occupies  fi'om  the  bay  of  Azab  to  Annes- 
ley  bay. 

Dancey'' s  store,  p-v.  Nortliampton  co.  N.  C. 

Dandridge,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jeflerson  co.  Ten.  on 
French  Broad  river,  33  m.  E.  Knoxville. 

Dane,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Wever,  at  North- 
wich. 

Dane's  Island,  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Spitz- 
bergen.     Lon.  9°  15'  E.  Lat.  79°  43'  N. 

Duneicick.     See  Sleswick. 

Daiiguta.    See  Dongola. 


DAN 


D  A  R 


;ii 


I}angeau,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  ChateaucUm. 

Danger  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  seen  by 
Commodore  Biron  in  June  1765. 

Dangilon.     See  Chapelle  d\4ngiUon. 

Danhobn,  small  isl.  of  the  Prussian  States,  be- 
tween Stralsund  and  the  isle  of  Rugen. 

DanielsvUtc,  p-v.  Spotsylvania  co.  Va. 

Danielsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Geo.  90 
m.  from  Millecfg^eville. 

Dannemora,  the  most  celebrated  iron  mine  in 
Sweden,  30  m.  N.  Upsal,  60  N.  N.  W.  Stockholm. 

Dannenberg,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Jetzel,  36  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Lunebur^. 

Danrmwilz,  t.  xMoravia,  25  m.  S.  Brunn. 

Dantzic,  an  opulent  commercial  city  of  West 
Prussia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula,  5  m.  from 
its  mouth.  It  is  surrounded  with  ramparts,  and 
has  the  power  of  laying  the  country  on  one  side 
under  water.  The  harbour  is  formed  by  the 
mouth  of  the  \'istula  ;  and  the  cargoes  of  vessels 
drawing  more  than  eight  feet  water  are  conveyed 
to  the  city  in  barks.  What  is  properly  called  the 
gulfof  Dantzic,  consists  of  an  arm  of  the  sea,  shel- 
tered from  the  north  winds  by  the  tongue  of  land 
on  which  stands  the  small  town  of  Hela.  The 
chief  branch  of  trade  at  Dantzic,  consists  in 
corn  from  Prussia  and  Poland.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  potash,  hemp,  flax,  linen,  timber,  and 
amber.  The  shipping  that  frequent  the  port,  be- 
longs principally  to  the  British,  Dutch,  Danes,  and 
Swedes.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  cathe- 
dral, the  town-house,  the  arsenal,  and  21  church- 
es, 12  belonging  to  Lutherans,  7  to  Catholics,  and 
2  to  Calvinists.  Pop.  44,500.  G8  m.  W.  S.  W^ 
Konigsberg,  235  N.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  18'^  38'  32" 
E.  Lat.  54°  20'  48"  N. 

Danube,  a  great  river  of  Europe,  which  rises  in 
the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  near  the  S.  W.  corner 
of  Germany.and  running  east  throughWirtemberg, 
Bavaria,  and  Austria,  enters  Hungary,  where  it 
turns  to  the  south,  and  then  to  the  southeast,  till 
entering  Turkey  it  resumes  its  easterly  course, 
and  discharges  itself  into  the  Black  sea  by  five 
mouths,  between  44°  30'  and  45°  30'  of  N.  lat. 
The  length  of  its  course  is  about  1,800  miles.  Its 
principal  branches  from  the  north,  are  the  Pruth, 
the  Sereth,  the  Tisza,  and  the  Morava  ;  from  the 
south,  the  Save,  the  Drave,  the  Inn  and  the  Iser. 
The  principal  towns  on  its  banks  are  Ulm,  Ingol- 
stadt,  Passan,  Lintz,  Vienna,  Presburg,  Pest,  Pu- 
da,  Belgrade  and  Izmail.  It  becomes  navigable  at 
Ulm. 

Danube,  Circle  of  the  Upper,  one  of  the  divisions 
of  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria.  It  contains  4,350 
square  miles,  with  470,000  inhabitants,  mostly 
Catholics.     The  capital  is  Eichstadt. 

Danube,  Circle  of  the  Lower,  one  of  the  circles 
of  Bavaria.  It  contains  4,335  square  miles,  and 
396,150  inhabitants,  mostly  Catholics.  Passau  is 
the  capital. 

Danube,  Circle  of  the,  one  of  the  divisions  of  the 
grand  duchy  of  Baden.  It  contains  72,735  inhab- 
itants.    The  capital  is  Villingen. 

Danube,  District  of,  one  of  the  four  great  divis- 
ions of  the  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg. 
Damibe,  p-v.  in  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 
Dancers,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  adjoining  Salem, 
15  m.  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  3,127.  It  contains  2 
meeting-houses  for  Congregational  ists  and  1  for 
Baptists.  The  most  considerable  and  compact 
settlement  is  a  continuation  of  the  principal  street 
of  Salem.  Large  quantities  of  bricks,  earthen 
ware,  and  leather  are  manufactui'ed  here.    In  the 


village  of  New  Mills,  at  the  head  of  Beverly  riv- 
er, there  is  a  large  iron  manufactory,  and  the  bu- 
siness of  ship-building  is  carried  on. 

Danville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  25  m 
N.  E.  Montpelier.      Pop.  2,240. 

Danville,  p-t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  35  m.  N.  W. 
Bath.     Pop.  666. 

Danville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Columbia  ca  Pa.  on  the 
Susquehannah,  at  the  mouth  of  Mahoning  creek, 
12  m.  above  Northumberland. 

Da?iville,  p-t.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va.  on  Dan  river, 
near  the  southern  boundary  of  the  State,  150  m.  S, 
W.  Richmond.  Lon.  79°  25'  W.  Lat.  36°  34'  N. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  falls  of  Dan  river, 
130  miles  above  the  great  falls  of  the  Roanoke.  A, 
canal  is  now  in  progress,  around  the  falls  of  the 
Roanoke,  which  will  open  a  direct  water  commu- 
nication for  batteaux  from  Danville  to  Norfolk  ; 
and  another  canal  is  completed  around  the  falls  of 
the  Dan,  which,  with  the  removal  of  a  few  other 
obstructions,  will  continue  the  navigation  for  some 
distance  above  the  town.  These  improvements, 
together  witii  the  advantages  which  the  falls  afford 
for  mills  and  manufacturing  establishments,  have 
made  Danville  a  place  of  considerable  conse- 
quence, and  it  bids  fair  to  become  the  great  upland 
depot,  for  an  extensive  and  fertile  country,  em- 
bracing the  adjacent  districts  of  N.  Carolina  and 
Virginia,  and  part  of  'I'ennessee. 

Danville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on  the 
S.  W.  side  of  Dick's  river,  40  m.  S.  by  W.  Frank- 
fort, 33  S.  S.  W.  Lexington.  Lat.  37°  30'  N.  It 
has  about  200  houses,  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  a 
church.  Several  mills  and  factories  arc  erected 
here.  It  is  in  the  vicinity  of  the  most  fertile  and 
populous  part  of  Kentucky.  A  cliarter  for  a 
college  at  this  place  has  been  granted  by  the  Le- 
gislature, but  tlie  institution  has  not  yet  gone  into 
operation. 

Danville,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  13  m.  N.  E.  Mount- 
vernon, 

Dao,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near  'I'imor. 

Daoudnagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon,  84°  27' 
E.  Lat.  25°  6'  N. 

Daoudpore,  t.  Bengal,  6  m.  N.  Plassey. 

Dar,  V.  A.  Turkey,  30  m.  from  Bassorah. 

Darabjirb,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  150  m.  N.  E. 
Schiras.     Lon.  54°  15'  E.  Lat.  29°  N. 

Darah,  country,  N.  Africa,  watered  by  Darah 
river.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  W.  by  the  Great  At- 
las, which  divides  it  from  Morocco,  E.  by  Tafilet, 
and  S.  by  the  great  desert. 

Daramnjore,  t.  Java,  30  m.  E.  Batavia. 

Daranairvr,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Ganges, 
Lon.  78°  4' E.  Lat.  29' 16' N. 

Daraporam,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetoor,  132  m.  S, 
E.  SeringaDatam.     Lon.  77°  40'  E.  Lat.  10°  45'  N. 

Darby,  Lower,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  Darby 
creek,  which  runs  into  the  Delaware,  7  m.  S.  W. 
by  W^  Philadelphia.     Pop.  ^085. 

Darby,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  adjoining 
Darby,  Lower.     Pop.  966. 

Darbv,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio,  N.  E.  London. 

Darliy,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  14m.N.  W,  Cir- 
cleville. 

Darby,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America. 
Lon.  lfi;3°  W.  Lat.  64°  21'  N. 

Darby's  creek;  Ohio,  joins  the  Scioto,  opposite 
Circleville. 

Dardanelles,  two  old  castles,  one  on  each  side  of 
the  Hellespont,  (sometimes  called  the  strait  of  the 
Dardanelles,)  between  the  sea  of  Marmora  and  the 
Grecian  arcliipelago.  There  are,  on  each  side,  14 


212 


D  A  R 


DAS 


great  gfims,  adapted  to  discharge  granite  balib  ; 
they  are  of  brass,  with  chambers,  like  mortars,  22 
feet  long,  and  from  25  to  28  inches  diameter  in  the 
bore.  There  are  2  other  castles  at  the  entrance 
of  the  strait,  10  miles  to  the  S.  W.  called  the  Mw 
Dardanelles. 

Dardanelles,  a  place  in  the  township  of  Cadron, 
Arkansaw  Territory,  where  the  Agent  of  the 
Cherokee  Indians  resides. 

Dardenney  p-t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri. 

Dardessen,  t.  Prussian  States,  18  m.  S.  E.  Bruns- 
wick. 

Darempoory,  t.  Hind.  103  m.  S.  E.  Seringapa- 
tam. 

Darent,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Thames,  3 
m.  N.  Dartford. 

Darfur,  or  Darfoor,  a  kingdom  of  Central  Afri- 
ca, bounded  on  the  E.  by  Kordofan,  and  the  coun- 
tiy  of  the  Shilluks,  which  separate  it  from  Sennaar 
and  Abyssinia ;  on  the  W.  by  Bergoo,  which  di- 
vides it  from  Begherme  and  Bornou ;  on  the  S.  by 
unknown  regions.  The  government  is  despotic. 
The  religion  is  Mahomedanism.  The  principal 
commerce  is  with  Egypt,  and  is  carried  on  en- 
tirely by  caravans.  The  exports  are  slaves, 
camels,  ivory,  the  horns,  teeth,  and  hide  of  the 
rhinoceros  and  hippopotamus  ;  ostrich  feathers, 
gum,,  and  pimento.  The  imports  are  glass,  arms, 
light  cloths,  red  Barbary  caps,  small  carpets,  silks, 
shoes,  and  writing  paper.  Pop.  estimated  at 
200,000. 

Dargel,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  St.  George's 
channel,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dublin. 

Darghesin,  t.  Persia,  in  the  Irak,  ^  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Hamadan. 

Darien,  a  province  of  New  Grenada,  bounded 
N.  W.  by  Panama,  N.  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Darien,  E. 
by  Carthagena,  S.  by  Choco,  and  W.  by  the  Pa- 
cific. 

Darien,  Isthmus  of,  that  narrow  neck  of  land 
composed  of  the  provinces  of  Darien  and  Panama, 
to  which  may  be  added  Veragua,  by  which  North 
and  South  America  are  joined  together.  It  lies  in 
the  form  of  a  crescent,  about  the  great  bay  of  Pa- 
nama, in  the  South  sea,  and  is  300  miles  in  length, 
but  is  only  37  miles  broad  from  Porto  Bello  to  Pa- 
nama. The  countrj'  is  made  up  of  low  sickly  val- 
lies  and  lofty  mountains. 

Darien,  a  great  gulf  on  the  coast  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Darien.  Its  extent  is  26  leagues  from 
S.  to  N.  and  9  from  E.  to  W. 

Darien,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long  Island 
Sound,  formerly  the  S.  E.  part  of  Stamford. 

Darien,  p-t.  and  s-p,  Macintosh  co.  Geo.  on  the 
north  and  principal  channel  of  the  Alatamaha,  12 
miles  from  the  bar,  192  below  Milledgeville  on  the 
Oconee,  62  S.  S.  W.  Savannah,  70  N.  N.  E.  St. 
Mary's.  Lon.  81°  37'  W.  Lat.  31°  23'  N.  The 
town  stands  on  a  high  sandy  bluff,  and  contains  a 
Presbyterian  church,^^  bank,  and  a  printing  press. 
Owing  to  the  rapid  settlement  of  the  back  coun- 
try, Darien  has  ri.-en  within  a  few  years  to  a  place 
of  much  importance.  In  1810,  there  were  only 
206  inhabitants ;  but  in  1819,  the  number  was  be- 
tween 1  and  2.000.  In  1818,  40  houses  Avere  er- 
ected duringS  months,  some  of  which  are  large  and 
elegant ;  a  bank  was  established  with  a  capital  of 
$150,000,  and  a  steam-boat  navigation  opened 
with  Milledgeville.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
viver  has  14  feet  at  low  water.  Exertions  are 
making  to  remove  the  obstructions  in  the  naviga- 
tion, and  to  render  Darien  the  place  of  foreign  ex- 


port for  the  produce  of  the  rich  counlry  between 
Oconee  and  Oakmulgee  rivers. 

Dark,  co.  Ohio,  bordering  on  Indiana.  Chief 
town,  Greenville.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Darkehnen,  t.  Prussia,  63  m.  S.  E-  Konigs- 
berg. 

Darking.     See  Dorking. 

Darlaslon,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  7  m.  from  New- 
castle-under-Line.     Pop.  4,881. 

Darley,  t.  Eng.  21  m.  N.  Derby. 

Darlings,  p-t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  E.  Mount- 
Vernon. 

Darlington,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  on  the  Skern. 
Considerable  manufactures  are  carried  on  in  lin- 
en, wool,  and  cotton.  Pop.  5,059.  18  m.  S.  Dur- 
ham, 238  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  35'  W.  Lat.  54° 
38' N. 

Darlington,  district,  S.  C.  on  Lynch's  creek. 
Pop.  9,047.  Slaves,  2,731.  At  the  court-house  a 
post-office  is  kept. 

Darlington,  t.  and  cap.  Warwick  co.  Indiana,  on 
the  Ohio. 

Darmstadt,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Hesse,  14  m.  S.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine,  18  S. 
E.  Mentz.  Lon.  8°  43'  49"  E.  Lat.  49°  53'  37"  N. 
Pop.  18,000. 

Dames,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Dametal,  t.  France,  2  m.  E.  Rouen.  Pop. 
5,100. 

Darnley^s  Island,  in  Torres  strait,  betv/eenNew 
Holland  and  New  Guinea.  Lon.  142°  59'  15"  E. 
Lat.  9°  39'  30"  S. 

Daroea,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Xiloca,45 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Saragossa.  Pop.  2,860.  Lon.  1°  24' 
W.  Lat.  41°  15' N. 

Darsena,  t,  Persia,  80  m.  E.  N.  E.  Kerman. 

Dart,  r.  Eng.  wliich  falls  into  the  English  chan- 
nel between  Dartmouth  and  King's  Weare. 

Dartford,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  15  m.  E.  London. 
Pop.  3,177. 

Dartmoor,  an  extensive  tract  of  land  in  England, 
in  the  western  part  of  Devonshire. 

Dartmouth,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  near  the 
confluence  of  the  Dart  with  the  British  channel. 
It  has  a  good  harbour.  The  chief  occupation  of 
the  inhabitants  is  in  the  Newfoundland  and  oth- 
er fisheries,  wherein  about  350  vessels  are  enga- 
ged. Pop.  3,595.  30  m.  S.  Exeter.  Lon.  3°  35' 
W.  Lat.  50°  17' N. 

Dartmouth  College.     See  Hanover. 

Dartmouth,  p-t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on 
Buzzard's  bay,  27  m.  S.  Taunton,  62  S.  Boston. 
Pop.  3,219. 

Daru,  t.  Persia,  96  m.  N.  E.  Kerman. 

Daruvar,  t.  Sclavonia.  Pop.  3,000.  Lon.  \1° 
25'  55"  E.  Lat.  45°  36'  51"  N. 

Darvilles,  p-v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va. 

Durwar,  district,  Hind,  in  Aurungabad.  Dar- 
war,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  76°  35'  E.  lat.  18° 
40'  N. 

Darwar,  t.  and  fortress.  Hind,  in  Bejapore. 
lately  ceded  to  the  British.  Lon.  75°  E,  Lat.  15° 
36'  N. 

Darwen,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2m.from  Black- 
burn.    Pop.  6,216. 

Darwent.     See  Derwent. 

Dasan,  isl.  in  the  E.  India  sea.  Lon.  121°  30' 
E.  Lat.  6°  46'  N. 

Daschitz,  t.  Bohemia,  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Chrudim. 

Dashour,  t.  Egypt,  15  m.  S.  Cairo. 

Dassel,  t.  Hanover,  15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Gottingen. 


D  A  U 

Dassow  or  Daschow,  t.  Mecklenberg,  17  m.  W. 
Wismar.     Lon.  11°  5'  E.  Lat.  55°  55'  N. 

Datliboo,  t.  Bambarra,  in  Africa,  100  m.  E.  Segc. 

Datpach,  t.  Arabia,  16  m.  N.  E.  Mediua. 

Datschutz,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Theya,  24  ui.  S. 
Iglau.     Lon.  15°  21'  E.  Lat.  49°  3'  N. 

Davanagiri,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76°  2' 
£.  Lat.  14°  24'  N. 

Dauba,  t.  Bohemia,  16  m.  W.  N.  W.  Jung 
Buntzlau. 

Davenport^  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Davenlry,  t.  Eng.  in  Northamptoiishire,  19  m. 
S.  E.  Coventry.     Pop.  2,758. 

David  Point,  cape  on  N.  coast  of  the  isl.  of  Gre- 
Tiada.    Lon.  61°  23'  W.  Lat.  12°  20'  N. 

Davidov,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk,  60  m.  E.  Pinsk. 
Pop.  2,300. 

Daridoim,  lake,  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  208 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Turuchansk. 

Davidova,  t.  Siberia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Kirenga, 
60  m.  S.  Kirensk. 

Davidson,  co.  W.  Tennessee,  on  Cumberland 
river.  Pop.  15,608.  Slaves,  6,305.  Chief  town, 
Nashville. 

Davidson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lawrence  district,  Ar- 
kansaw  Territory. 

Davidstoivn,  t.  Hunterdon  co,  N.  J.  on  Assan- 
pink  river,  10  m.  from  Trenton.  Between  those 
towns  there  is  a  boat  navigation. 

Davies,  co.  Ken.     Chief  town,  Owensborough. 

Davies,  co.  Indiana,  between  the  forks  of  White 
river.     Chief  town,  Washington. 

Daris''s,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Davishurg,  t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

Davis^  store,  p-v.  Rapid  co.  Louisiana. 

Davis'' s  cove,  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, 2  m.  N.  Green  island  harbour. 

Davis'' s  Met,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador,  in 
lon.  60°  10'  W.  Lat,  56°  20'  N. 

Davis''s  Island,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands. 
Lon.  123°  58' E.  Lat.  9°  42' N. 

Davis^s  Straits,  a  narrow  sea,  which  divides 
Greenland,  from  N.  America,  extending  N.  W. 
from  Cape  Farwell,  in  lat.  68°  N.  to  Baffin's  bay. 
An  extensive  whale  fishery  is  carried  on  here. 

Davis''  tavern,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  Va. 

DavLson  Point,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America. 
Lat.  55°  N. 

Davistown,  Maine.     See  Montrille. 

Daulakee,  v.  Persia,  in  Pars,  30  m.  N.  E.  Bu- 
dhire. 

Daule,  r.  S.  America,  which  falls  into  the  Guay- 
aquil, in  lat.  2°  8'  S. 

Daumat  al  Gendal,  or  Duma,  t.  Arabia,  in  Neds- 
jed,  260  m.  E.  N.  E.  Madian. 

Daun,  t.  Germany,  28  m.  N.  N.  E.  Treves. 

Davos,  t.  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Grisons, 
60  m.  S.  E.  Zurich. 

Dauphin.     See  Chauteau  Dauphin. 

Dauphin  Fort,  s-p.  in  the  N.  part  of  St.  Domin- 
go.    Lat.  19°  41'  N.  Lon.  72°  40'  W. 

Dauphin,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into  lake 
Winnipic,  in  lat.  52"  15'  N. 

Dauphin,  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Susque- 
hannah,  bounded  N.  by  Northumberland,  E.  by 
Schuylkill  and  Lebanon,  S.  by  Lancaster,  and  W. 
by  the  Susquehannah,  which  separates  it  from 
Cumberland.  Pop.  31,883.  Chief  town,  Harris- 
burg. 

Dauphin,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Alabama,  at  the 
mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  5  m.  from  Massacre  island. 
On  the  E.  end  are  the  remains  of  an  old  Frencli 
fort.    Lon.  88°  7'  W.^at.  30°  10'  N- 


D  E  A 


213 


Dauphinc,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  in 
the  ft.  E.  part  of  France,  now  divided  into  the  de- 
partments of  Isere,  Drome,  and  Upper  Alps,  and 
containing  6,700  square  miles,  and  849,795  in- 
habitants. A  large  proportion  of  the  country  is 
moimtainous  and  unfit  for  tillage,  but  the  pasture 
is  good  in  many  parts. 

Daura,  a  country  of  Central  Africa,  between 
Cashna  and  Bornou . 

Dausar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  30  m. 
S.  W.  Racca. 

Dausenau,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  E.S.  E.  Coblentz. 

Daufuskee,  island  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  at  the 
entrance  of  Savannah  river. 

Dawley,  t.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  3  m.  S.  E.  Wel- 
lington.    Pop.  3,208. 

Dau'lish,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  3  m.  N.  Teign- 
mouth. 

Dawnagur,  t.  Hind.  40  m.  N.  W.  Cuttack. 

Dax,  t.  France,  on  the  Adour,  85  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Bonrdeaux,  25  N.  E.  Bayonne.     Pop.  4,400. 

Daya,  t.  Sumatra,  30  m.  S.  Acheen. 

Daymar,  t.  Arabia,  220  m.  S.  Mascat. 

Dayton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Miami,  j  ust  below  the  junction  of  Mad  river, 
52  m.  N.  Cincinnati,  66  W.  Columbus,  40  S.  E. 
Urbanna.  The  public  buildings  are,  a  court- 
house and  jail,  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Presbyterians  and  1  for  Methodists,  a  bank  and  an 
academy.  Mad  river  affords  uncommon  advan- 
tages for  water  works,  and  numerous  mills  are 
erected  upon  it. 

Dead  river,  Maine,  the  W^estern  branch  of  the 
Kennebec.  It  rises  in  the  highlands  which  sepa- 
rate Maine  from  Canada,  and  joins  the  Eastern 
branch  about  20  miles  from  Mooseliead  Lake. 

Dead  river,  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Margallaway. 

Dead  Sea,  or  Asplialtites,  that  is,  the  Lake  of  Bi- 
tumen, a  lake  of  Palestine,  180  m.  in  circuit.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  lofty  hills,  and  on  the  N. 
by  the  plain  of  Jericho,  through  which  it  receives 
the  river  Jordan.  The  water  is  clear  and  limpid, 
and  of  greater  specific  gravity  than  any  hithei'- 
to  discovered.  It  holds  in  solution,  muriate  of 
magnesia,  muriate  of  lime,  and  muriate  of  soda. 
Mines  of  fossil  salt  are  found  tn  the  neighbour- 
hood. Many  absurd  fables  were  formerly  circu- 
culated  respecting  the  Dead  sea.  It  was  affirmed 
that  fish  could  not  live  in  the  water,  and  that  the 
pestiferous  vapours  hovering  over  it  were  fatal  to 
birds  attempting  to  fly  across ;  but  these  stories  are 
contradicted  by  recent  travellers.  Great  quan- 
tities of  asphaltum,  or  mineral  pitch,  are  always 
seen  floating  on  the  surface  of  the  Dead  sea.  Five 
cities,  including  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  situated 
on  this  spot,  were  all  swallowed  up,  according  to 
scripture,  for  their  unparalleled  iniquity.  Many 
ruins  remain  on  the  western  banks  ;  and  travel- 
lers have  tliought  that  foundations  might  be  dis- 
covered in  the  bottom  at  seasons  when  the  waters 
were  low. 

Deadman's  Head,  or  Point,  cape,  Eng.  in  the 
English  channel.     Lon.  4°  48'  W.  Lat.  50°  30'  N. 

Deal,  t.  Eng.  on  tlxe  coast  of  Kent,  between  the 
North  and  South  Forelands.  It  has  no  harbour  ; 
but  the  sea  between  the  shore  and  the  Godwin 
sands,  called  the  Downs,  affords  in  most  cases  a 
secure  road  for  shipping.  At  this  place  ships  usu- 
ally stop,  either  when  homeward  or  outward 
bound,  to  send  letters  or  passengers  ashore,  to 
take  in  provisions,  or  wait  for  orders.  The  defence 
of  this  part  of  the  coast  depends  chiefly  on  the 
batteries  and  martello  towers  which  have  been 


214 


DEC 


DEE 


recently  erected,  and  completely  command  the 
.  access  to  the  shore.  Pop.  3,420.  73  m.  S.  E. 
Loudon. 

Deal,  V.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J,  7  m.  S.  Shrews- 
bury. 

Dean,  forest,  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  between 
the  river  Severn,  and  the  county  of  Monmouth, 
which  once  occupied  30,000  acres. 

Deane.,  Great y  ov  Michel  Dean^  t.  Eng.  12  m.  W. 
Gloucester. 

Dearborn,  p-t.  Kennebct;  co.  Maine,  22  m.  N. 
Augusta.- 

Dearborn,  co.  Indiana,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  in 
1815,  4,426.     Chief  town,  Lawrenceburg. 

Dearborn,  co.  Illinois.  Chief  town,  Rising- 
sun. 

Dearborn!' s  river,  Missouri  Territory,  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  above  the  falls,  near  the  Rocky 
mountains. 

Death-grounds  and  Death  Lake.  See  Fox  river, 
N.  W.  Territory. 

Debalpore,  district.  Hind,  in  Moultan,  about  31° 
N.  lat. ;  intersected  by  the  rivers  Bey  ah  and  Sut- 
teledge. 

Debellus.     See  Zagora. 

Debefn,  r.  Eng.  runs  into  the  sea,  at  Harwich. 

Debenham,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  12  m.  N.  Ips- 
wich. 

Debretsin,  or  Derbecyn,  t.  Hungary,  in  Behar 
CO.  Here  is  a  celebrated  academy,  which  has  a 
library  of  20,000  volumes,  and  550  students.  Pop. 
in  1815,  38,962;  the  greater  number  are  native 
Hungarians,  but  the  richer  merchants  are  Ger- 
mans. 165  m.  E.  S.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  21°  37'  10" 
E.  Lat.  47°  31' 40"  N. 

Decapolis,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  the  tribe 
of  Manasseh,  lying  beyond  the  Jordan,  and  com- 
prising ten  cities,  beside  small  towns.  It  was  in- 
habited chiefly  by  Pagans,  when  the  Jews  return- 
ed from  Babylon.  Writers  are  not  agreed  in  the 
enumeration  of  all  the  10  cities,  but  Capernaum, 
Caesarea  Philippi,  Bethsaida,  and  Scythopolis  are 
allowed  to  have  been  among  them. 

Decatur,  t.  Otsego  co.  M.  Y.  12  ra.  S.  E.  Coop- 
erstown.     Pop.  902. 

Decatur,  p-t.  B^wn  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W.  West- 
union.     In  1818,  it  contained  about  30  houses. 

Deccan,  or  The  Coimtri/  of  the  South,  an  exten- 
sive region  of  India,  bounded  N.  by  the  Nerbud- 
dah,  and  S.  by  the  Krishna,  or  Kistnah  river,  ex- 
tending across  the  peninsula  from  sea  to  sea. — 
During  the  reign  of  the  Great  Mogul  Aurungzebe, 
that  is,  during  the  latter  half  of  the  17th  century, 
this  country  was  annexed  to  the  kingdom  of  Delhi, 
and  divided  into  six  governments,  viz.  Khandesh, 
Ahmednagur,  Beeder,  Golconda,  Bejapore,  and 
Berar. 

Dc.ccancole,  or  Deccanparah,  the  division  of  the 
kingdom  of  Assam,  S.  of  the  Brahmapootra  river. 

Deccan  Shabazpore,  isl.  at  the  E.  mouth  of  the 
Ganges.    Lon.  98°  58'  E.  Lat.  22°  30'  N. 

Deception  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  46°  10'  N. 

Deception  Passage,  channel,  between  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America  and  Whidbey's  island.  Lat. 
48°  10'  N. 

Deche,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Wabash  from 
the  N.  E.  8  m.  below  Vincennes. 

Decision,  Cope,  on  an  island,  on  the  N.  W^. 
coast  of  America.     Lat.  56°  2'  N. 

Decize,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  on  an  island  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Airon  and  the  Loire,  15  m. 
E.  Nevers. 


Deckendorf,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  28  m. 
N.  W.  Passau,  38  E.  S.  E.  Ratisbon.  Lon.  12° 
68'  38"  E.  Lat.  48°  49'  45"  N. 

Dcckerstown,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Deckla,  i,  India,  in  Canara.  Lon.  75°  6'  E.  Lat. 
12°  26'  N. 

Deddington,  t.  Eng.  17  m.  N.  Oxford. 

Dedham,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  tiie  Stow,  7  m.  IS. 
N.  E.  Colchester. 

Dedham,  p-t.  and  cap.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
S.  VV.  Boston,  30  N.  N.  E.  Providence.  Lon.  71° 
12"  W.  Lat.  42°  16' N.  Pop.  2,172.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  2  printing-offices,  and  6 
houses  of  public  worship,  4  for  Congregationalists, 
1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The  town 
is  watered  by  Charles  and  Neponset  rivers,  which 
afford  numerous  seats  for  mills  and  manufacturing 
establishments. 

Dedinovo,  v.  Russia,  near  the  city  of  Moscow, 
on  the  Oka. 

Dee,  r.  Wales,  which  flows  into  the  Irish  sea,  15 
m.  below  Chester, 

Dee,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  German 
ocean  at  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  It  abounds  in 
salmon,  affording  some  of  the  most  valuable  fishe- 
ries in  Scotland. 

Dee,  r.  Scotland,  which  flows  into  the  Solway 
frith,  6  m.  below  Kirkcudbright. 

Dee,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  4  m.  N. 
E.  Dunleer. 

Deeg,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  77°  17' 
E.  Lat.  27°  30'  N. 

Deenkote,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  F«. 
side  of  the  Sinde,  32  m.  S.  Attock.  Lon.  71°  E. 
Lat.  32°  38' N. 

Deep  creek,  p-v.  Pasquotank  co.  N.  C. 

Deep  river,  N.  C.  rises  in  Wachovia,  and  unites 
with  the  Haw,  to  form  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape- 
Fear  river. 

Deep  Sea  Bluff,  cape,  on  tlie  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Broughton's  archipelago.  Lon.  233° 
29'  E.  Lat.  50°  52^  N. 

Deeping,  t.  Eng.  8  m.  N.  Peterborough. 

Deer,  v.  Scotland,  26  m.  N.  Aberdeen. 

Deer,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.      Pojx  674. 

Deer  creek,  Jf.  Y.     See  Denmark. 

Deer  creek,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Scioto  from  the- 
W.  7  m.  N.  ChiUicothe. 

Deer  creek,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W,  Cir- 
cleville. 

Deer  creek,  t.  Madison  cc.  Ohio. 

Deerjield,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  17  m.  S.  E 
Concord,  35  N.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,851. 

Deerjield,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the  west 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  4  m.  S.  Greenfield,  17 
N.  Northampton,  92  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,570.  It 
contains  a  handsome  village,  with  a  church  and 
an  academy,  and  is  in  a  very  fertile  country. 

Deerfield,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mohawk, 
opposite  Utica.     Pop.  1,232. 

Deerjield,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,889. 

Deerfield,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Ravenna. 

Deerfield,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W.  ChiUi- 
cothe.    Pop.  in  1819,  970. 

Deerfield,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

Deerjield,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

Deerjield  river,  rises  in  Bennington  co.  Vt.  and 
flows  into  Connecticut  river,  between  Deei:field 
and  Greenfield,  in  Massachusetts. 

Deering,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  18  m.  S: 
W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,363. 


DEL 


DEL 


215 


Deer  isle,  isl.  and  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  9  m.  S.  E.  Castine. 
Pop.  1,507. 

Deer  park,  p-t.  Orangfe  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware 
river,  14  m.  N.  of  W.  Goshen,  30  W.  Newburg, 
125  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  1,230. 

Defiance.     See  Fort  Dejiance. 

DegUgi,  t  Ceylon,  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Candy. 

D'ego,  t.  Piedmont,  on  tlie  Bormida,  15  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Acqui. 

Degombah,  kingdom,  of  Central  Africa,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  mountains  of  Kong. 

Dehasp,  r.  Great  Bukhai'ia,  runs  into  the  Jihon, 
30  m.  N.  W.  Balk. 

Dehr,  t.  Nubia,  130  m.  S,  S.  W.  Syene. 

Dehrung,  district,  Assam,  about  30  miles  square, 
on  the  N.  of  the  Brahmapootra  river. 

Deidtsheim,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  N.  W.  Spire. 

Deinach,  v.  Wirtemberg,  in  the  Black  Forest, 
3  m.  S.  S.  W.  Kalw. 

Deir,  V.  A.  Turkey,  in  Bagdad,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates. 

Deir,  cl,  or  Taphsac,  (an.  Thapsacus,)  t.  Syria, 
on  the  Euphrates,  55  m.  S.  E.  Racca,  140  E. 
Aleppo.     Lon.  39°  45'  E.  Lat.  35°  18'  N. 

Deir  Ettiin,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  2  m.  above 
Cairo. 

Dekalb,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Os- 
wegatchie,  20  m.  fr.  its  junction  with  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Pop.  541.  There  is  a  good  boat  naviga- 
tion to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

Dekki,  V.  Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  60  m.  S.  Syene. 

De  la  Fuuche  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  52°  39'  N. 

Delagoa  Bay,  called  also  the  Bay  of  Lorenzo 
Marques,  is  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  between 
26°  and  27°  S.  lat.  Three  large  rivers  fall  into 
the  bay,  one  of  whicli,  called  the  Mafumo,  or  De- 
lagoa,  is  navigable  40  miles  for  vessels  drawing 
12  feet  water,  and  large  boats  may  go  up  200 
miles.  Gold  dust  is  found  here,  and  elephant's 
teeth. 

Delatin,  t.  Austrian  Galicia,  24  m,  S.  Stanisla- 
wow. 

Delaware,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware  river,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Otseg-o,  E.  by  Schoharie  and  Greene,  S. 
by  Ulster  and  Sullivan,  and  W.  by  Broome  and 
Chenango,  and  Delaware  river  which  separates 
it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  20,313.  Chief  town, 
Delhi. 

Delaware,  co.  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Pa.  on  Dela- 
ware river.  Pop.  14,734.  Chief  town,  Ches- 
ter. 

Delaware,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  472. 

Delaware,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  218. 

Delaware  Bay,  a  spacious  bay  of  the  U.  S.  be- 
tween the  slates  of  Delaware  and  New  Jersey. 
Its  entrance  is  20  miles  wide,  between  Cape  May 
in  lat.  38°  56'  N.  and  Cape  Heulopen  in  lat.  38° 
47'.  It  is  65  miles  long  from  Fisher's  point  to 
Cape  Heulopen,  and  in  &e  broadest  part  30  miles 
wide. 

Delaware  River,  U.  S.  rises  in  N.  Y.  in  the 
Catskill  mountains.  In  its  course,  it  resembles 
the  letter  W.  It  separates  Pennsylvania  from 
New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  runs  into  Dela- 
ware bay,  6  miles  below  Newcastle.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  ships  of  the  line  40  miles,  to  Philadelphia, 
and  for  sloopi  35  miles  further,  to  the  head  of  the 
tide,  at  Trenton  falls.  Above  the  falls,  it  is  navi- 
gable 100  miles  for  boats  of  8  or  9  tons.  The 
whole  length,  from  its  source  to  the  bay,  is  300 
miles. 


Delaware,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Penn- 
sylvania; E.  by  Delaware  river,  Delaware  bay, 
and  the  Atlantic  ;  S.  and  W.  by  Maryland.  It 
extends  from  lat.  38°  30'  to  39°  45'  N.,  and  from 
lon.  74°  56'  to  75°  40'  W.  It  is  87  miles  long 
fi'om  N.  to  S.  and  from  10  to  36  broad,  containing 
2,120  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1790,  59,094;  in  1800, 
64,273;  and  in  1810,  72,674,  of  whom  55,361 
were  whites,  4,177  slaves,  and  13,136  free  blacks. 
The  state  is  divided  into  3  counties,  Kent,  New- 
castle and  Sussex. 

A  small  part  of  the  state  in  the  north  is  hilly  ; 
the  rest  is  level  and  low.  The  soil  in  the  north, 
and  along  the  Delaware,  is  generally  a  rich  clay; 
in  the  middle,  there  is  a  considerable  mixture  of 
sand ;  and  in  the  soutli,  sand  predominates. — 
Wheat  is  the  staple  production.  It  grows  here 
to  very  great  perfection.  Indian  corn,  rye,  oats, 
&c.  are  also  cultivated. — The  principal  rivers  are 
Brandywine  creek  and  Christiana  creek,  which 
Uniterm  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  and  empty 
into  Delaware  river.  They  alTord  an  uncommon 
number  of  excellent  seats  for  mills  and  manufac- 
tories, which  are  extensively  improved.  The 
flour  mills  on  Brandywine  creek,  near  Wilming- 
ton, are  the  finest  collection  in  the  United  States. 
Gunpowder,  and  cotton  and  woollen  goods  are 
also  manufactured  to  a  great  extent,  in  the  same 
neighborhood.  In  1815,  there  were  within  9 
miles  of  Wilmington,  44  flour  mills,  13  cotton 
manufactories,  15  saw  mills,  6  woollen  manufac- 
tories, and  6  gunpowder  mills,  besides  several 
others. — A  canal  has  been  commenced  between 
Christiana  creek,  in  this  state,  and  Elk  river,  in 
Maryland.  When  finished,  it  will  be  22  miles 
long,  and  will  open  an  inland  water  communica- 
tion between  Delaware  river  and  Chesapeake  bay. 
Presbyterians  are  the  most  numerous  religious  de- 
nomination. Several  yeai's  since  they  had  24  con- 
gregations ;  the  Episcopalians,  14 ;  Friends,  8  ; 
Baptists,  7  ;  and  the  Methodists  were  numerous 
in  the  2  southern  counties. — The  legislature  con- 
sists of  a  senate,  and  house  of  representatives. 
The  representatives  arc  chosen  annually;  the 
governor,  and  senators  tricnnially. 

Delaware,  t.  King  William  co.  Va.  at  the  con 
fluence  of  the  Pamunky  and  Mattapony,  the  forks 
of  York  river,  28  m.  above  Yorktown,  20  N.  by 
W.  Williamsburg. 

Delaware,  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river,  N.  ot 
FrankUn  co.  Pop.  in  1815.  5,000.  Chief  town, 
Delaware. 

Delaware,  p-t.  and  cap,  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Whetstone  river,  26  m.  N.  Co- 
lumbu?,  70  N.  Chillicothe,  65  N.  W.  Zanesville. 
Lat.  40°  18'  N. 

Delaware,  r.  E,  Florida,  nms  into  the  gulf  ot 
Mexico,  near  Cape  Roman. 

Delaicarof,  Indians,  formerly  a  numerous  and 
powerful  tribe,  who  occupied  part  of  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania,  and  could  furnisli 
600  warriors.  They  removed,  and  for  60  year'< 
remained  in  Ohio,  At  present,  they  are  about 
1,000  in  number,  and  reside  chiefly  on  White  riv- 
er, in  Indiana;  but  in  1818,  they  sold  their  lands 
to  the  U.  S.  who  have  engaged  to  remove  them 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  They  intend  to  settle  on 
Arkansaw  river. 

Delbrugg,  v.  Prussian  state?,  14  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Paderborn. 

Delden,  t.  Netherlands,  25  m.  E,  N.  E.  7.uJ- 
phen. 


216 


DEL 


Delebio,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Adda,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Morbegno. 

Dek/iameil,  V.  Syria,  10  m,  N.  Balbec. 

Delemont,  t.  Switz.  canton  of  Bern,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Solothurn. 

Delery,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  river  Sorelle,  25  m.  S.  Montreal. 

Dtlft,  t.  Holland,  between  Rotterdam  and  Ley- 
den,  traversed  by  a  canal  which  communicates 
with  the  Maese  at  Delltsliaven.  Grotius  was  born 
here  in  1.583.  Here  is  manufactured  the  earthen 
ware  or  counterfeit  porcelain,  called  Delft  ware. 
9  m.  N.  W.  Rotterdam,  29  S.  S.  W.  Amsterdam. 
Pop.  13,852. 

DelfU  isl.  on  the  W.  side  of  Ceylon,  Lat.  9"^ 
35' N. 

Delftshavcn,  t.  Holland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Maese,  2  m.  S.  W.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2,700. 

Delfziel,  t.  Netherlands,  15  m.  N.  E.  Groningen. 
Lon.  6  44'  E.  Lat.  53°  19'  N. 

Delhi,  province.  Hind,  between  28°  aad  31° 
N.  lat. ;  bounded  E.  by  the  Ganges,  N.  by  a  range 
of  mountains,  W.  by  Moultan,  and  S.  by  Agra 
and  Ajmeer.  The  greater  part  of  this  province 
is  sterile  for  want  of  water.  All  the  territory  E. 
of  the  Jumna,  with  a  considerable  district  round 
the  city  of  Delhi,  belongs  in  fact  to  the  British  ; 
but  its  revenues  are  allotted  to  support  the  empe- 
ror or  great  Mogul,  now  redticed  to  the  humilia- 
ting state  of  dependency  on  a  foreign  power.  The 
south  is  occupied  by  native  chiefs  in  alliance  with 
the  British  government.  The  country  N.  W.  of 
the  Jumna,  is  occupied  by  a  number  of  petty 
Seik  chiefs, 

Delhi,  a  celebrated  city,  and  for  many  years 
the  capital  of  Hindostan,  is  situated  on  the  Jum- 
na. During  the  era  of  its  splendour,  it  is  said  to 
have  contained  2,000,000  inhabitants.  Immense 
sums  were  expended  in  constructing  the  fortress, 
and  cathedral.  Superb  palaces  and  innumerable 
mosques  were  built,  and  colleges  in  different  parts 
of  the  city.  The  garden  called  the  Shah  al  Imar 
is  said  to  have  cost  a  million  sterling.  In  1739, 
this  city  was  invaded  by  Nadir  Shah,  who  mas- 
sacred 100,000  of  the  inhabitants,  and  took 
62,000,000/,  sterling  of  plunder.  The  modern 
city  contains  many  good  houses,  built  of  brick  or 
stone,  with  flat  roofs.  Since  the  city  has  been 
placed  under  tiie  British  police,  the  population  is 
fast  increasing,  and  every  species  of  durable 
properly  rising  yearly  in  value.  The  emperor 
(who  was  placed  on  the  throne  in  December, 
1806,  and  is  entirely  sup[)orted  by  the  British) 
and  the  royal  family,  occupy  the  whole  of  the 
citadel.     Lon.  77°  9'  E.  Lat.  28°  43'  N. 

Delhi,  p-t.  and  cap.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Delaware,  63  m.  fr.  Kingston,  68  W.  Catskill,  70 
S.  W,  Albany.     Pop.  2,396. 

Delis,  r.  Malacca,  runs  into  the  Chinese  sea. 
Lat.  2°  33'  N. 

Deliste,  small  r.  which  rises  in  Up.  Canada,  and 
fulls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  Lower  Canada, 
near  its  W.  boundary. 

Dditzsch,  t  Prussian  states,  12  m.  N.  Leipzig, 
16  E.  Halle.     Lon.  12^  19'  E.  Lat.  51°  33'  N. 

Deliverance  Islands,  small  islands,  near  the 
roast  of  New  Georgia.  Lon.  162°  30'  E,  Lat, 
11°1'S, 

DeUamcoUa,  fort.  Hind,  in  Bootan.  Lon.  88° 
32'E,  Lat,  26°  59' N, 

Dellys,  or  Teddelcs,  s-p,  Algiers,  45  m,  E.  Al- 
giers. 

Dclmar,  t.  Tioga  cO,  Pa.     Pop.  fiSi. 


DEN 

Debne,  r.  Oldenburg,  which  runs  into  the  We- 
ser,  near  Delmenhorst. 

Delmenhorst,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Weser,  7  m. 
S.  VV.  Bremen.  '  Lon.  8®  39'  28"  E.  Lat.  53°  3' 
29"  N. 

Delmona,  small  r.  Lombardy,.  falls  into  the 
Oglio,  near  Bozzuolo. 

Delphi.     See  Caslri. 

Delphi,  p-v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Delvino,  (an,  Eleus,)  t.  Lower  Albania,  be- 
tween Joannina  and  Butrinto,  30  m.  E,  N.  E.  La- 
rissa,  356  W.  Constantinople.  Lon,  20°  30'  E- 
Lat,  40"  4'  N.     Pop,  8,000. 

Dembea,  lake,  in  the  heart  of  Abyssinia,  sup- 
posed to  be  450  miles  in  circumference.  It  con- 
tains many  islands,  one  of  which  is  made  a  place 
of  confmement  for  state  prisoners.  The  Bahr-el- 
Azrek,  so  often  supposed  to  be  the  true  Nile,  falls 
into  this  lake  on  the  W.  and  issues  from  it  on  the 
S,E, 

Dembea,  a  province  of  Abyssinia,  including  alt 
the  territory  surrounding  the  great  lake  of  Dem- 
bea.    Gondar  is  the  capital, 

Dembo,  distinct,  W.  Africa,  in  the  S,  E.  part  of 
Congo. 

Deme,  r.  E.  Prussia,  joins  the  Pregel,  and  falls 
into  the  Kurisch  Hafl". 

Demeg,  s-p.  Arabia,  on  the  Red  sea. 

Demer,  r.  Netherlands,  joins  the  Dyle,  and 
falls  into  the  Scheldt,  between  Antwerp  and  Den- 
dermonde. 

Demerara,  r.  S.  America,  in  Guiana,  which 
falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lon.  58°  W.  lat.  6°  50' 
N.  It  is  navigable  for  ships  nearly  100  miles,  but 
the  bar  will  not  admit  vessels  that  draw  more 
than  18  feet. 

Demerara,  a  province  of  Guiana,  lying  on  both 
sides  of  Demerara  river.  Its  extent  of  sea  coast 
is  nearly  100  miles,  and  it  is  bounded  E.  by  the 
province  of  Berbice,  and  W.  by  that  of  Essequi- 
bo.  For  20  miles  inland,  along  the  banks  of  the 
river,  the  country  consists  of  extensive  meadows. 
This  colony  formerly  belonged  to  the  Dutch,  but 
was  ceded  to  the  British  in  1814.  The  exports 
to  Great  Britain,  in  1807,  were  19,337  hogsheads 
of  sugar,  4,722  puncheons  of  rum,  23,604  bales 
of  cotton,  12,390,102  pounds  of  coffee,  and  1,694 
casks  of  molasses. 

Demetrius.     See  Goritza. 

Demiquain,  r.  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Illinois 
from  the  N.  W.  160  m.  above  its  mouth.  It  is 
said  to  be  navigable  120  miles. 

Demir-iasch,  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  near  Adriauople. 

Demmin,  t.  Hither  Pomerania,  at  the  influx  of 
the  Tollensee  and  the  Trebe,  27  m.  S.  Stralsund. 
Lon.  13°  2' E.  Lat.  53°  34' N. 

Demona,  Val,  province,  Sicily,  in  the  N.  E.  por- 
tion of  the  island,  extending  from  the  strait  of 
Messina  to  Catania,  and  having  the  Val  de  Maz- 
zara  to  the  W.  and  Val  de  Noto  to  the  S.  Pop. 
521,000.     The  capital  is  Messina. 

Demonte,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  S.  VV.  Coni.  Lon, 
7°  24'  E.  Lat.  44°  21'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Demotica,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  the 
Marizza,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Adriauople,  115  N.  W. 
Constantinople.  Lon.  26°  40'  E.  Lat.  41°  50'  N. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Denain,  v.  France,  on  the  Scheldt,  4  m.  N.  E 
Bouchain,  6  S.  W.  Valenciennes. 

Denbigh,  co.  Wales,  bounded  E.  by  Fliirtehire, 
Cheshire,  and  Shropshire,  W.  by  Caernarvon- 
shire, N.  by  the  Irish  sea,  and  S.  by  Merioneth- 
A\\rp  and    Montsromeryshire.      The   inhabitants 


DEN 


D  E  P 


217 


amonnt  to  60,352,  of -whom  6,960  are  employed  in 
trade  and  manufactures,  and  21,104  in  agricul- 
ture. 

Denbigh,  the  capital  of  Denbighshire,  in  Wales, 
is  in  the  fertile  vale  of  Clwyd,  61  m.  E.  Holyhead. 
Lon.  3°  21'  W.  Lat.  53°  12'  N.     Pop.  2,714. 

Denbigh,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  Norton  sound.     Lat.  65°  23'  N. 
Denbi/,  t.  Eng,  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  fr.  Barnsley. 
Dender,  small  r.  Netherlands,  which  runs  into 
^he  Scheldt  near  Dendermonde. 

Dendera,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  a  mile  from  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile,  48  S.  S.  E.  Girg^,  242  S.  Cairo. 
It  is  remarkable  as  containing  monuments  which 
display  the  ancient  architecture  of  Egypt  in  all 
its  glory.  The  great  temple  of  Venus,  in  partic- 
ular, has  inspired  every  traveller  of  taste  with 
emotions  of  the  deepest  admiration.  Lat.  26° 
15' N. 

Dendermondey  or  Termonde,  t.  Netherlands, 
cap.  of  a  large  district  in  East  Flanders,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Dender  and  the  Scheldt,  19  m.  S, 
W.  Antwerp.  Lon.  4°  20'  E.  Lat.  51°  1'  N.  Pop. 
5,200. 

Deneuvre,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Luneville. 
Dengarlen,   t.  Pomerania,  on  the  Reckenitz, 
where  it  falls  into  the  bay  of  Ribnitz,  22  m.  S.  W. 
Stralsund. 

Denia,  s-p.  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean,  45 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Valencia.     Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Denizley,  or  Degnizla,  t.  Natolia,  108  m.  E.S. 
E.  Smyrna.  Lon.  29°  13'  E.  Lat  37°  51'  N. 
Denkina,  t  Hind.  55  m.  E.  Seringapatam. 
Denmark,  a  kingdom  in  Europe,  the  continental 
part  of  which  consists  of  Jutland,  Sleswick,  Hol- 
stein,  andLauenburg.and  the  insular  part  of  Zeal- 
and, Funen,  Langeland,  Falster,  Laaland,  Born- 
holm,  Moen,  and  a  number  of  smaller  islands  in 
the  Baltic.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  Germany,  and  on 
all  other  sides  by  the  sea;  and  contains  22,000  sq. 
miles.  There  are  various  appendages  to  the 
crown  of  Denmark,  viz.  Iceland  and  the  Faroe 
isles  in  Europe;  a  part  of  Greenland;  Chris- 
tiansburg,  and  other  small  places  on  the  coast  of 
Guinea;  Tranquebar  on  the  coast  of  Coroman- 
del ;  with  factories  in  the  Nicobar  islands ;  and 
in  the  West  Indies,  Santa  Cruz,  St.  Thomas,  and 
St.  John.  Pop.  in  1811,  1,800,000,  of  which 
number 
Jutland  contains  ...  400,000 
Zealand,  Funen,  &c.  -        -        550,000 

Sleswick,  ....        300,000 

Holstein,  ....         350,000 

Iceland,  ....  50,000 

Lauenburgh,  ...  35,000 

Faroe  islands,  -        .        .  5,300 

Settlements  in  E.  and  W.  Indies,  and 

Africa,  ....         100,000 

The  face  of  the  country  is  a  plain,  interrupted  by 
few  hills.  The  climate  is  moist  and  temperate. 
The  soil  is  sandy,  but  is  well  adapted  for  pasture, 
and  produces,  oats,  barley,  beans,  peas,  and  above 
all,  potatoes.  Fishing  is  carried  on  to  a  consider- 
able extent  in  the  bays  and  creeks. — In  1800, 
Denmark  owned  250,000  tons  of  shipping,  and 
20,000  seamen.  The  exports  are  grain,  horses, 
oxen,  beef,  pork,  butter,  and  cheese. — The  reve- 
nue is  between  l,500,000i.  and  2,000,000/. ;  the 
national  debt  15,000,000/.  The  military  force 
consists  of  more  than  20,000  men ;  the  naval  of 
only  4,000  in  actual  service,  but  thei-e  are  be- 
tween 14,000  and  1 5,000  registered  seamen  at  the 


disposal  of  tlie  crown. — The  government  is  an 
absolute  monarchy. — The  established  religion  is 
the  Lutheran. — There  are  two  universities,  that 
of  Copenhagen,  on  a  large  scale,  with  ample 
funds  ;  that  of  Kiel,  comparatively  small,  but  ou 
a  more  judicious  plan.  There  is  a  college  with 
four  professors,  at  Odensee,  in  Funen.  Norway 
formerly  belonged  to  Denmark,  but  in  1813  it  was 
reluctantly  ceded  to  Sweden. 

Denmark,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river, 
30  m.  S.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  436. 

Denmark,  p-t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
150  m.  fr,  Albany.  Pop.  1,242.  Deer  creek  falls 
into  Black  river  in  this  town,  and  has  several  falls 
of  from  10  to  60  feet,  and  one  called  High  fall,  of 
175  feet  nearly  perpendicular.  Immediately 
above  this  fall,  is  the  village  of  Copenhagen. 

Denmark,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  E.  Jef- 
ferson. 

Dennewitz,  v.  Brandenburg,  2  m.  fr.  Juterbock. 

Dennis,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  9  m.  N.  E. 
Barnstable,  76  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  1,739. 

Dennis,  p-v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

Dennis  creek,  p-v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 

Denni/,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling,  5  m.  W.  Fal- 
kirk. 

Denny'' s  river,  Washington  co.  Maine,  runs  into 
the  north  branch  of  Cobbescook,  and  passing  by 
Eastport,  empties  into  the  W.  passage,  between 
Campo-bello  island  and  the  main. 

DennysviUe,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on 
Denny's  river,  at  the  head  of  tide  water,  23  m. 
N.  E.  Machias,  17  N.  W.  Eastport.  It  has  several 
saw-mills,  and  considerable  trade  in  lumber. 

Dent,  t  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river  Dent, 
3  m.  fr.  Ledbergh. 

Denton,  t  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  15  m.  fr.  Mau/- 
chester. 

Denton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Caroline  co.  Md.  on  the 
head-waters  of  Choptank  river,  20  m.  S.  E.  Cen- 
treville,  20  N.  E.  Easton.  The  public  buildings 
are  a  courthouse  and  jail,  a  Methodist  churchy 
and  an  academy. 

Dentrecasteaux''s  Channel,  strait,  on  the  S.  E. 
coast  of  Van  Diemen's  land,  from  which  it  sepa- 
rates Bruny's  isle. 

Deodhur,t.  Hind.  175  m.  fr.  Moorshedabad'. 
Lon.  88°  32'  E.  Lat.  26°  59'  N. 

Deoghir.     See  Dowlatabad. 

Deogire,  or  Deogur,  ancient  fort  and  city,  HindJ 
in  Berar.     Lon.  79°  12-  E.  Lat.  21°  55'  N. 

Deogur,  fort.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  86°  40'  E. 
Lat.  24°  30' N. 

Deonhally,  t.  and  fort,  India,  in  Mysore,  19  m, 
N.  N.  E.  Bangalore.  Lon.  77°  54'  E.  Lat.  13° 
15' N. 

Deppen,  v.  W.  Prussia,  15  m.  S.  W.  Guttstadt. 

Deposit,  p-v.  in  Tompkins,  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Delaware,  14  m.  S.  E.  Oquago,  105  W. 
Catskill.     It  has  considerable  trade  in  lumber. 

Dept/ord,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  RaVensbourne  with  the  Thames.  There  is  a 
royal  dock  yard  here,  with  fine  wet  docks,  and  nu- 
merous buildings  for  the  manufacture  and  preser- 
vation of  naval  stores.  Here  many  of  the  largest 
ships  of  war  have  been  built.  There  are  also 
several  private  docks  in  the  neighbourhood,  foi 
building  and  repairing  merchantmen.  There  are 
two  hospitals  belonging  to  the  corporation,  or  so- 
ciety, of  the  Trinity-house,  devoted  to  the  support 
of  decayed  masters  of  ships,  and  pilots,  and  their 
widows.     Pop.  19,833,     4  m.  E.London. 


28 


218 


D  E  R 


Depiford,  t  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.    Pop.  2,978. 

Depuch's  Islandy  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New 
Holland.    Lon.  113°  47'  E.  Lat.  20°  35'  30"  N. 

Derah  Ishmael  Khan,  t.  in  the  Afghan  territo- 
ries, on  the  Indus.  Lon.  "ifp  50'  E.  Lat.  31° 
65'  N. 

De  Ramsay,  2  seigniories,  in  Lower  Canada  : 
one,  in  Richelieu  co. ;  and  the  other,  in  War- 
wick CO. 

Derbak,  r.  Persia,  which  runs  into  the  Caspian, 
a  little  N.  of  Derbend. 

Dcrbane,  r.  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisiana,  runs  S. 
E.  and  joins  the  Wachitta. 

Derbe,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  of  Lycaonia,  on  tlie 
confines  of  Isauria. 

Derbend,  t.  Russia,  capital  of  the  khanship  of 
Derbend,  in  the  province  of  Schirvan,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Caspian  sea.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  extending  on  a  declivity  from  the 
very  margin  of  the  shore  west,  to  the  foot  of  a 
lofty  mountain.  It  is  considered  the  gate  of  Per- 
sia ;  its  name  signifies  an  impassable  place.  It  is 
surrounded  by  strong  walls.  The  harbor  is  the 
worst  on  the  Caspian  sea.  The  inhabitants  are 
Mahometans,  Georgians,  Armenians,  and  Jews, 
amountii^  in  all  to  4,000.  Little  trade  is  carried 
on,  owing  to  the  poverty  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
tries.    Lon.  48°  58'  E.  Lat.  41°  52'  N. 

Derbinskoi,  v.  Siberia,  on  the  Lena.  Lon.  116° 
14'  E.  Lat.  60°  20'  N. 

Derby,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Yorkshire,  E. 
by  tlie  counties  of  Nottingham  and  Leicester,  S. 
by  Leicester  and  Stafford,  and  W.  by  Stafford  and 
Chester.  It  contains  972  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1811, 
185,487;  families,  37,460,  of  which  number, 
14,283  are  engaged  in  agriculture,  and  15,825  in 
trade  and  manufactures. 

Derby,  t.  Eng.  cap.  of  Derbyshire,  on  the  Der- 
went,  which  is  navigable  to  the  Trent.  A  county 
infirmary,  on  a  large  scale,  was  erected  here  in 
1810,  which  is  considered  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete establishments  of  the  kind  in  Europe.  Man- 
ufactures to  a  large  extent,  are  carried  on  in  this 
town,  particularly  in  silk  and  cotton,  porcelain, 
and  spar.  This  is  a  borough,  returning  2  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  Pop.  13,043.  Lon.  1°  25'  W. 
Lat.  52°  58'  N. 

Derby  West,  t.  Eng.  4  m.  fr.  Liverpool. 

Derby,  p-t.  Oi'leans  co.  Vt.  on  lake  Memphrama- 
gog,  52  m.  N.  Montpelier.     Pop.  714. 

Derby,  p-t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  Housa- 
tonick,  at  the  junction  of  Naugatuc  river,  12  m. 
above  its  mouth,  10  W.  New  Haven.  Pop.  2,051. 
It  contains  5  churches,  2  Episcopal,  2  Congi-ega- 
tional,  and  1  Methodist.  A  number  of  mills  and 
manufactures  are  erected  at  the  falls  of  the  Nau- 
gatuck,  and  on  Eight  mile  river  and  other  streams. 
See  Humphreysville.  The  river  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  80  tons,  and  considerable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  with  the  W.  Indies. 

Derecs,  1.  Persia,  in  Ears,  7  m.  N.  Thazeroon. 

Dereham,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  160  m.  W.  Nor- 
wich, 100  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  56'  E.  Lat. 
52°  40'  N.     Pop.  2,888. 

Dereia,  t.  Syria,  6  m.  S.  Damascus. 
Derenbtirg,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Holzemme, 
6  m.  W.  S.  W.  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2,000. 

Derg,  r.  Ireland,  runs  from  Lough  Derg  to  the 
river  Foylc,  8  m.  E.  Donegal. 

Dergasp,  t.  Persia,  in  Seistan,  40  m.  S.  W.  Bost. 
Lon.  63°  48'  E.  Lat.  32°  5'  N. 

Derkaliah,  t.  Syria,  20  m.  S.  Damascus. 


D  E  S 

Deriabi,  one  of  the  Kartan  islandis,  on  the  coast 
of  Arabia.    Lon.  55°  55'  E.  Lat.  Yl^  35'  N. 

Demisch,  or  Demis,  t.  and  fort,  Austrian  state?- 
in  Dalmatia,  20  m..N.  Sebenico. 

Dcrry.     See  Londonderry. 

Derry,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Avon, 
near  Dolgelly. 

Derry,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Swetara  creek,  2 
m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Susquehannah. 
Pop.  2,431.  In  the  bank  of  the  creek,  there  is  a 
cavern,  containing  numerous  apartments,  and 
with  stalactites  of  various  shapes  and  colors,  form* 
ed  on  the  walls. 

Derry,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,341. 

Derry,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,380. 

Derry,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,283. 

Derryjield.    See  Manchester. 

Deruytcr,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  34  m.  S.  W, 
Utica,  130  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,503. 

Derno,  t.  Lombardy,  on  tlie  lake  of  Como,  18 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Como. 

Derivent,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Irish  sea. 
at  Workington;  another,  which  runs  into  the 
Ouse,  5  m.  S.  E.  Selby,  in  Yorkshire ;  anotherj 
which  flows  into  the  Tyne,  about  3  m.  above  New- 
castle ;  another,  which  falls  into  the  Trent,  8  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Derby. 

Derwent  Fells,  mt.  Eng.  S.  of  Keswick. 

Derwent  Water,  lake,  Eng.  in  Cumberland, 
near  Keswick,  formed  by  the  river  Derwent. 

Des,  t.  Transylvania,  25  m.  N.  N.  E.  Clausen- 
burg.    Lon.  23°  23'  E.  Lat.  47°  1'  50"  N. 

Desaguero,  r.  S.  America,  which  issues  from 
lake  Titicaca,  and  running  S.  terminates  in  lake 
Paria.  Over  this  river  is  still  to  be  seen  the 
bridge  of  rushes,  constructed  by  the  fifth  Inca  of 
Peru,  for  transporting  his  army  to  the  other  side. 

Desaguero,  sometimes  called  iJio  Colorado,  large 
r.  in  Patagonia,  which,  after  a  S.  E.  course  of 
nearly  1000  miles,  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat. 
39°  45'  S. 

Deseada,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lon.  76^  45'  W.  Lat.  52°  52'  S. 

Deseada,  the  first  of  the  Caribbee  islands,  dis- 
covered by  Columbus,  in  1494,  16  m.  E.  Guada- 
loupe.     Lon.  61°  15'  W.  Lat.  16°  38'  N. 

Desio,  t.  Lombardy,  6  m.  N.  Milan. 

Desire,  Port,  harbor,  on  the  eastern  coast  of  S. 
America.     Lon.  64°  25'  W.  Lat.  47°  7'  S. 

Des  Mains,  large  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which 
runs  S.  S.  E.  and  joins  the  Mississippi,  about  130 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  From 
the  rapids  to  its  mouth,  it  forms  the  boundary  ol 
the  State  of  Missouri.  It  may  be  ascended  in 
boats  800  miles. 

Desna,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Dnieper 
near  Kiev. 

Desolation,  Cape,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Terra 
del  Fuego.     Lon.  72°  12'  W.  Lat.  54°  55'  S. 

Desolation,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  Greenland. 
Lon.  47°  W.  Lat.  61°  45'  N. 

Despage,  or  Fox  river,  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Il- 
linois, from  the  N.  about  half  way  between  lake 
Pioria,  and  the  forks  of  the  Illinois.  Its  course  is 
nearly  parallel  with  tliat  of  the  Desplanes. 

Desplanes,  r.  Illinois,  rises  W.  of  lake  Michigan, 
and  flowing  S.  W.  meets  the  Kankakee,  to  form 
Illinois  river.  The  Desplanes  communicates  with 
a  lake,  and  from  this  lake  there  is  a  sort  of  canai 
to  Chicago  river,  partly  worn  by  the  water,  and 
partly  made  by  the  French  and  Indians,  through 
which  boats  pass  in  wet  seasons.     See  Chicago. 


D  E  V 

Dessau,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  Uie  duchy  of  An- 
halt-Dessau,  on  the  Mulda,  which  falls  into  the 
Elbe,  about  half  a  league  from  the  town.  Pop. 
9,400.  28  m.  S.  E,  Magdeburg.  Lon.  12°  17'  1" 
E.  Lat.51o50'6"N. 

Destruction  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.47°3rN. 

Desires,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Boulogne. 

Delmold,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Wehre,  25  m.  S. 
S.  W.  iMinden.     Lon.  8"^  45'  E.  Lat.  51°  53'  N. 

Detroit  river,  N.  America,  which  connects  lake 
St.  Clair  with  lake  Erie,  is  28  miles  long,  and,  op- 
posite Detroit,  |  of  a  mile  wide,  enlarging  as  it 
descends,  and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  any  bur- 
den. Near  its  mouth,  are  Gross  isle,  and  numer- 
ous smaller  islands ;  and  the  principal  channel  is 
near  the  eastern  side,  between  Bois  blanc  island 
and  the  Canada  shore.  Back  from  the  river,  the 
iand  descends  into  low  grounds  and  marshes,  and 
the  settlements  are  only  one  farm  deep,  on  the 
banks  of  the  river,  which  are  regular  and  even. 
The  country  has  been  settled  more  tlian  a  centu- 
ry, and  there  is  an  almost  continued  line  of  settle- 
ments from  the  mouth  of  the  river  to  lake  St, 
Clair,  on  the  Canada  side;  and  on  the  western 
side,  for  several  miles  above  and  below  Detroit. — 
The  houses  though  low  and  mean,  are  finely  set 
round  with  forest  and  fruit  trees,  and  with  the 
beautiful  expanse  of  the  water,  form  a  most 
agreeable  view  as  you  sail  on  the  river. 

Detroit,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  Wayne  co.  and 
capital  of  Michigan  Territory,  is  on  Detroit  riv- 
er, 9  miles  from  lake  St.  Clair,  18  above  Amherst- 
burg,  in  Up.  Canada,  313  S.  Mackinaw,  302  W. 
Buffalo,  548  fr.  Washington.  Lon.  82°  56'  W. 
Lat.  42°  25'  N.  Pop.  in  1819, 1,110.  The  city  is 
laid  out  in  a  regular  square,  |  of  a  mile  on  each 
side.  The  public  buildings  are,  a  market  house ; 
a  council-house ;  a  penitentiary,  built  of  slone; 
a  bank;  a  large  Government  Etore-housc ;  a  mili- 
tary arsenal,  andordnaiioe  store-house;  an  acad- 
emy ;  a  neat  Presbyterian  church ;  and  a  magnifi- 
cent Catholic  church,  116  feet  by  60,  built  of 
stone,  Avith  2  tall  steeples,  which  is  not  yet  finish- 
ed.— The  situation  of  Detroit  is  eminently  advan- 
tageous in  the  commerce  of  the  great  Lakes.  It 
was  settled  as  early  as  1683,  by  the  French  from 
Canada,  for  the  purposes  of  the  fur  trade.  At 
present,  its  trade  is  chiefly  with  Ohio  and  New 
York,  and  with  the  military  posts  on  the  Upper 
Lakes.  In  1818,  the  amount  of  shipping  belong- 
ing to  this  port,  was  849  tons  ;  the  value  of  ex- 
ports, was  $69,330,  and  of  imports,  $15,611. — 
The  fort  is  a  regular  work,  of  an  oblong  figure, 
covering  an  acre  of  ground,  with  parapets  and 
bastions,  and  surrounded  by  palisadoes,  a  deep 
ditch  and  glacis.  The  number  of  the  garrison  in 
1818,  was  168.— In  August,  1812,  Detroit  surren- 
dered to  the  British,  but  was  not  long  retained 
by  them. 

Dettenheim,  t.  Bavarian  states,  in  the  circle  of 
the  Upper  Danube.  In  this  neighbourhood,  viz. 
at  the  village  of  Graben,  are  the  remains  of  the 
canal,  by  which  Charlemagne  attempted  to  con- 
nect the  waters  of  the  Danube  and  tlxe  Rhine,  in 
the  year  793. 

Dettingen,  v.  Bavarian  states,  in  the  circle  of 
the  Lower  Maine,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Maine, 
9  m.  S.  Hanau. 

Deva,  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  bay  of  Bis- 
cay, at  Deva ;  another,  which  joins  the  rivjr  Ove, 
flear  Oviedo. 


DEW 


219 


Deiw,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Deva,  15  m.  W.  St.  Sebastian.  Lon.  2°  24' 
W.  Lat.  43°  19'  N. 

Deca,  t.  Transylvania,  on  the  Marosch,  10  m. 
W.  Millenbach.  Lon.  22°  45'  E.  Lat.  47°  19' 
4"  N. 

Devaprayaga,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur,  on  that 
part  of  the  Ganges  held  most  sacred  by  the  Hin- 
doos. Here  is  the  celebrated  temple  of  Rama- 
chandra.     Lon.  78°  31'  E.  Lat.  30°  9'  N. 

Devenish,  isl.  Ireland,  in  Lough  Erne,  3  m.  N. 
Enniskillen. 

Deienter,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
Yssel.  Linen  is  manufactured  here,  and  the  traf- 
fic in  cattle,  buttei-,  and  cheese,  is  considerable. 
Pop.  10,100.  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Zutphen,  46  E.  Am- 
sterdam.    Lon.  6°  3'  E.  Lat.  52°  18'  N. 

Deveron,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  Ger- 
man ocean  at  Banff. 

Deverte  bay,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  its  S.  E.  extremity. 

Devicotfn,  fort,  and  s-p.  India,  in  Tanjore,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Coleroon.  Lon.  79°  55'  E.  Lat. 
11°20'N. 

Dcvifs  hole.     See  J^iagara  falls. 

Devil's  river,  small  r,  Michigan  Territory,  (so 
called  from  a  superstition  of  the  Indians  concern- 
ing it,)  runs  into  Fox  river,  opposite  Fort  How- 
ard. Another  river  of  this  name  empties  into 
Fox  river,  120  miles  above  its  mouth.  See  Fox 
river. 

Devizes,  or  The  Vies,  t.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  on  the 
Kennet  and  Avon  canal.  It  sends  2  members  to 
parliament.  Pop.  3,750.  88  VV.  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  1°  58' E.  Lat.  51°  21'  N. 

Deulemondt,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Noi-th,  where 
the  river  Deule  falls  into  the  Lys,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Lille. 

Devon,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  the  Bristol 
channel,  E.  by  Dorset  and  Somerset,  S.  by  the 
English  channel,  and  W.  by  Cornwall.  It  con- 
tains 2,493  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  383,308; 
families,  79,415,  of  which  numbei-,  33,044  were 
engaged  in  agriculture,  and  30,977  in  trade  and 
manufactures. 

Devon,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  Forth, 
at  Cambus.  The  Devon  iron  works  are  about  4 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  There  is 
another  river  of  the  same  name,  which  falls  into 
the  Forth  at  Clackmannan  harbor. 

Devon,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  between  Hertford  and  Cornwallis 
counties. 

Deuren,  t.  Prussian  states,  14  m.  E.  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle.     Lon.  6°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  50'  N. 

Deux  coeurs,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  lake  Superior,  21  m.  W.  Whitefish  point,  and 
m  W.  St.  Mary's  river.  It  is  25  yards  wide,  and 
beatable  at  its  entrance. 

Deux  Montagues,  lake,  Canada,  or  rather  ex- 
pansion of  the  river  Ottawa,  at  its  junction  with 
the  St.  l^awrence.  It  is  24  miles  long,  and  from 
1  to  6  broad. 

Deux  Pmils,  formerly  a  principality  of  Germa- 
ny, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  but  now  belong- 
ing to  Bavaria,  and  forming  part  of  the  circle  of 
the  Rhine.     Pop.  60,000. 

Deux  Fonts,  Les,  t.  Bavarian  states,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Rhine,  46  m.  W.  Manheim,  58  N. 
Mentz.  Lon.  7°  25'  E.  Lat.  49°  16'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Dewangunge,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  W.bank  of  the 
Brahmapootra  river.  Lon.  89°  42' E.  Lat.25°7  N, 


22d 


D  I  C 


D  I  E 


Dewarcoie,  t.  Hind.  Lon.  78°  2'E.  Lat  30^59'  N. 

Dewee,  small  isl.  S.  C.  in  Charleston  harbor. 

Deweysburg,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  200. 

Dewsburgh,  t.  Eng.  in  the  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, 5  m.  VV.  Wakefield.     Pop.  5,059. 

Dexter,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  W. 
Bangor. 

Deynse,  t.  Netherlands,  on  tlie  Lys,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Ghent.     Pop.  3,000. 

Deyrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur.  Lon.  77°  45'  E. 
Lat.  30°  19'  N. 

Dezaigne,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  on  the  Dance, 
15  m.  W.  Tournon.    Pop.  3,440. 

Desensano,  t.  Lombardy,  on  lake  Guarda,  15 
m.  S.  Brescia.    Lon.  10°  35'  E.  Lat.  45°  29'  N. 

Dezful,  or  Dezphoul,  t.  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  28 
m.  W.  Shuster.    Pop,  15,000. 

Dfjesan,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Red  sea,  22  m.  W.  Abu-Arisch. 

Dhar,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  75°  25'  E. 
Lat.  22°  48'  N. 

Dharmsaleh,  t.  Thibet,  60  m.  S.  Sarangpour. 
Lon.  BIO  25'  E.  Lat.  31°  42'  N. 

Dhelly,  Portuguese  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Timor.  Lon.  125°  30'  E.  Lat.  8° 
35' S. 

Dhonee,  r.  Thibet,  which  runs  into  the  Bur- 
harapooter,  at  Luckeigereh. 

Dhoolpour,  city.  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Chumbul.     Lon.  77°  55'  E.  Lat.  26°  43'  N. 

Diadin,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  the  Euphrates, 
72  m.  S.  S.  W.  Erivan,  140  S.  S.  E.  Erzerum. 

Diakovir,  t.  Sclavonia,  14  m.  S.  W.  Essek. 
Lon.  18°  27'  48"  E.  Lat.  45°  19'  20"  N. 

Djam,  t.  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  100m.  N.Herat. 
80  S.  E.  Meschid. 

Diamond  Harbour,  in  the  W.  bi-anch  of  the 
Ganges,  commonly  called  theHoogly  river,  about 
34  miles  below  Calcutta  in  a  straight  line.  At 
this  place  the  company's  ships  unload,  and  take 
in  great  part  of  their  homeward  bound  cargoes. 

Diamond  Island,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  12  m.  S.  Cape  Negrais.  Lon.  94°  12'  E. 
Lat.  15°  51'  N. 

Diamond  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra.    Lon.  97°  52'  E.  Lat.  5°  20'  N. 

Diamond  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Marti- 
nico.     Lon.  61°  W.  Lat.  14°  25'  N. 

Diamper,  t.  India,  in  Cochin.  Lon.  76°  37'  E. 
Lat.  9°  55'  N. 

Diana's  Bank,  or  Shoal,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian 
sea.     Lon.  151°  5'  E.  Lat.  15°  45'  S. 

Dia7io,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in  Genoa,  3  m.  N.  E. 
Oneglia. 

Diano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  principatoCitra,  13  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Policastro. 

Diarbekir,  a  pachalic  or  government  of  A.  Tur- 
key, between  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates. 

Diarbekir,  city,  A.  Turkey,  and  cap.  of  the  pa- 
chalic of  Diarbekir,  is  in  a  fine  plain  on  the  Ti- 
gris. The  city  is  encompassed  by  a  lofty  thick 
wall  of  black  stone.  Extensive  manufactures  are 
carried  on  here  in  iron,  copper,  silk,  wool,  cotton, 
and  leather.  There  arc  considerable  exports  to 
Bagdad  and  Constantinople.  The  inhabitants 
consist  of  Turks,  Armenians,  Kui-ds,  Catholics, 
and  Jacobites.  The  surrounding  country  is  ex- 
ceedingly fertile.  Pop.  about  50,000.  Lon.  39° 
52' E.  Lat.  37°  55"  N. 

Dickinson,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  W.  Ma- 
lone.    Pop.  411. 

Dickinson,  i.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,749. 


Dickinson  college.    See  Carlisle. 

Dickinson's  store,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Dickinsonville,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Va. 

Dicks,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the  Kentucky,  after  a  N. 
W.  course  of  50  miles,  in  lon.  84°  56'  W.  lat.  37° 
40' N. 

Dicks  creek,  Ohio,  empties  into  the  Miami  from 
the  E.  above  Hamilton. 

Dickson,  co.  W.  Tennessee.  Pop.  4,516.  Slavey 
980.     Chief  town,  Charlotte. 

Dickwasset,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs  in- 
to Passamaquoddy  bay. 

Didsbury,  t.  Eng.  6  m.  from  Manchester. 

Die,  t.  France,  on  the  Drome,  25  m.  S.  E.  Val- 
ence, 30  S.  W.  Grenoble.  Lon.  5°  22'  33"  E.  Lat. 
44°  45' 31"  N. 

Djebail,  t.  Syria,  2  m.  N.  of  the  river  Ibrahim. 
It  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Biblos,  whose 
inhabitants  were  employed  with  the  Sidonians  in 
procuring  wood  for  Solomon's  temple.  Pop.  6,000. 

Djebel  Hazen,  isl.  of  the  Red  sea,  on  the  coast  of 
Arabia.    Lat.  25°  32' 20"  N. 

Djebel  Kor,  or  the  Mountain  of  Light,  hill, 
Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  near  Mecca.  The  Mahome- 
tans believe  that  the  angel  Gabriel  brought  the 
first  chapter  of  tlie  koran  here  to  their  prophet. 

Djedda.     See  Jidda. 

Dieburg,  t.  Hesse,  in  Starkenberg,  24  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Mentz. 

Diego  Ruys,  or  Rodriguez,  isl.  in  the  Indian 
ocean,  100  leagues  E.  of  the  island  of  Mauritius. 
Lon.  57°  32'  E.  Lat.  19°  30'  S. 

Diego  de  Ramires,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Terpa 
del  Fuego.     Lon.  68°  45'  W.  Lat.  56°  19'  S. 

Diekirch,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Saure,  20  m.  N. 
Luxemburg. 

Diemeji's  Land,  Fan.  See  Van  Diemen's 
Land. 

Dienville,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  9  m.  N.  W.  Bar- 
sur-Aube. 

Diepholz,  county,  Germany,  lying  between 
Munster,  Osnabruck,  Minden,  and  Hoya,  and  be- 
longing to  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  It  contains 
264  square  miles,  and  15,530  inhabitants. 

Diepholz,  t.  Hanover,  cap.  of  the  county  of 
Diepholz.  Pop.  1,550.  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bremen, 
Lon.  8°  21'  E.  Lat.  52°  36'  N. 

Dieppe,  s-p.  France,  in  the  English  channel,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Arques,  or  Bethune.  There  are 
regular  packet-boats  between  Dieppe  and  Brigh- 
ton, a  distance  of  66  miles,  and  it  is  the  most  di- 
rect route  between  London  and  Paris.  45  m.  N. 
E.  Havre  de  Grace,  100  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  4' 
E.  Lat.  49°  55' N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Dierdorf,  t.  Grand  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine, 
on  the  Wiedbach,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Coblentz. 

Diersheim,  v.  Baden,  in  Kinzig,  5  m.  N.  Kehl. 

Dierstein,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  39 
m.  W.  Vienna.     Lon.  15°  33'  E.  Lat.  48°  27'  N. 

Diesenhofen,  t.  Switzerland,  inThurgau,  on  th« 
Rhine,  5  m.  S.  Schaffhausen. 

Diessen,  t.  Upper  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Iser,  8  m.  S.  Landsberg.  Lon.  11°  6'  E.  Lat.  47° 
56'  30"  N. 

Diest,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  on  the 
Demer,  22  m.  W.  Maestricht.  Lon.  5°  4'  E.  Lat. 
50°  58'  N. 

Dietenheim,  t  Bavarian  states,  in  Suabia,  oH 
the  lUer,  9  m.  S.  E.  Ulm. 

Dietikon,  v.  Switzerland,  in  Zurich,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Zurich. 

Dietz,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  on 
the  Lahn,  which  here  begins  to  be  navigable. 


D  I  N 

Dieuse,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  on  the  Seille,  22 
m.  N.  E.  Nancy.     Lon.  6°  48'  E.  Lat,  48°  49'  N. 

Digbi/,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  bay  of  Annapolis, 
15  m.  S.  W.  Annapolis. 

Digges''s  Sound,  an  inlet  in  the  N.  part  of  Beer- 
ing's  bay.    Lon.  220°  43'  E.  Lat.  59°  52'  N. 

Dighlon,  p-t.  and  port  of  enti-y,  Bristol  co.  Mass. 
on  the  W.  side  of  Taunton  river,  7  m.  S.  Taun- 
ton, 20  from  Warren,  39  S.  Boston.  Pop.  1,659. 
Amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  9,699  tons.  On  the 
side  of  the  river  in  this  town,  there  is  a  rock  con- 
taining a  hieroglyphic  inscription,  of  which  no 
satisfactory  account  has  been  given. 

Digmanri's  ferry,  p-v.  Pike  co.  Pa. 

Dignano,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria,  3  m.  from 
the  sea.  44  m.  S.  Trieste.  Lon.  14°  E.  Lat.  45° 
6'N. 

Digne,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps.  The  streets 
are  steep  and  winding,  and  the  houses  ill  built ; 
there  are  three  gates,  a  cathedral,  and  4  other 
churches.  About  a  league  from  the  town,  at  the 
fcot  of  a  perpendicular  rock,  are  mineral  springs 
which  are  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur, 
and  employed  both  externally  and  internally.  34 
S.  by  W.  Embrun,  50  N.  E.  Aix.  Lon.  6°  14'  37" 
E.  Lat.  44°  5'  14'  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

Digoin,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and  Loire,  14  m.  W. 
Charolles. 

Dijon,  an  ancient  and  well  built  city  of  France, 
cap.  of  Cote  d'Or.  It  is  on  the  Ouche,  at  the  en- 
trance of  a  fertile  plain,  bounded  by  the  ridge 
of  hills  called  the  Cote  d'Or,  which  abound  in 
excellent  wines.  It  contains  several  fine  church- 
es, a  university,  a  museum  of  paintings  and  en- 
gravings, and  an  academy  of  sciences.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  manufactures  of 
woollens,  cotton  and  silk.  The  traffic  in  these, 
and  in  wine,  corn,  &c.  is  greatly  facilitated  by 
the  new  canal  from  St.  Jean  de  Losne  to  Dijon. 
100  m.  N.  Lyons,  175  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  5°  2'  5" 
Lat.  47°  19'  25"  N.     Pop.  21,600. 

Dilliardsville,  p-v.  Rutherford  co.  Ten. 

Dilknburg,  t.  Westphalia,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau, on  the  Dille,  45  m.  N.  N,  W.  Frankfort  on  the 
Maine.     Lon.  8°  22'  E.  Lat.  50°  45'  N. 

DilUngen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Danube,  23  m.  N.  W.  Augsburg,  24  N.  E.  Ulm. 
Lon.  10°  30'  29"  E.  Lat.  48°  34'  33"  N. 

Diilsberg,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Neckar,  6  m.  E. 
Heidelberg. 

DiUsburg,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa. 

DilVs  ftrrjj,  p-v.  Norhampton  co.  Pa. 

Dilworth,  t  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  fr.  Black- 
burn. 

Dimitzana,  t.  Morea,  on  the  Erymathus,  oppo- 
site to  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Psophis.  24  m.  N. 
W.  Tripolizza. 

Dinagepore,  district,  Bengal,  between  25°  and 
26°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  and  W.  by  Puncah,  E.  by 
Rungpore  and  Ghoragot,  and  S.  by  Bettooriah. 
Dinagepore,  the  capital,  is  on  an  island  formed 
by  the  Pernabubah  river,  and  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable trade.     Lon.  88°  40'  E.  Lat.  25°  37'  N. 

Dinan,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  13  m.  S. 
St.  Malo,  Lon.  22°  47'  W.  Lat.  48°  27'  16"  N. 
Pop.  4,170. 

Dinan,  Anse  de,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of  France,  be- 
tween Brest  road  and  the  bay  of  Douarnenez. 

Dinant,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Maese,  14  m.  S. 
Namur.  Pop.  3,630.  Lon.  4°  56'  E.  Lat.  50°  15' 
20"  N. 

Dinapore,  a  military  cantonement  belonging 
to  tb»  Britisb,  on  the  H.  backof  the  Ganges,  11^ 


D  I  S 


221 


m.  W.  of  Patna,  for  the  defence  of  which  it  was 
constructed.    Lon.  85°  3'  E.   Lat.  25°  38'  N. 

Dinasmouthy,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan,  on  the 
Dysi.     Lon.  3°  38'  W.  Lat.  52°  34'  N. 

Dindigul,  district  of  India,  between  10°  and 
11°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Coimbetoor  and  Kist- 
nagherry,  S.  by  Travancore  and  Madura,  W.  by 
Travancore  and  Cochin,  E.  by  the  Carnatic. 
In  1792,  it  was  ceded  to  the  British,  and  is  now 
included  in  the  collectorship  of  Madura.  Dindi- 
gul, the  capital,  is  a  strong  fortress.  Lon.  78°  5' 
E.  Lat.  10°  22'  N. 

Dinding,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon. 
100°  36'  E.  Lat.  4°  15'  N. 

Dingeljingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  48  m.  N. 
E.  Munich.  Lon.  12°  28'  E.  Lat.  48°  36'  N.  Pop. 
2,080. 

Dingle,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
a  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lon.  10°  8'  W.  Lat.  52° 
8'N. 

Dingmansburg,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E. 
branch  of  Great  Miami  river,  below  the  mouth  of 
Musquetoe  creek,  11  m.  above  Piqua,  19  above 
Troy. 

Dingwall,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ross  co.  19  m.  N.  In- 
verness. Lon.  4°  19'  W.  Lat.  57°  36'  N.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Dinish,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  W,  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lat.  51°  41'  N. 

Dinkara,  kingdom  in  the  interior  of  the  Gold 
coast  of  Africa,  behind  Ahantali.  It  abounds  in 
gold. 

DinkehbuhJ,  t.  Bavarian  states,  16  m.  S.  W. 
Anspach,  36  S.  W.  Nuremberg.  Lon.  10°  19'  49" 
E.  Lat.  49°  8'  37"  N.     Pop.  6,400. 

Dinslacken,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine,  5 
m.  S.  E.  Wesel.     Lon.  6°  47'  E.  Lat.  51°  34'  N. 

Dinwiddie,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Appomatox 
river,  which  separates  it  from  Chesterfield  co. 
and  inclosed  on  the  other  sides  by  Prince  George, 
Sussex,  Brunswick,  Lunenburg,  Nottaway  and 
Amelia  counties.  Pop.  12,524.  Slaves,  7,442. 
Chief  town,  Petersburg.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Djoojocarla,  a  populous  city  of  Java,  capital  of 
Mataram,  130  m.  S.  S.  W.  Samarang. 

Dippoldisxvalda,  t.  Saxony,  12m.  S.  S.  W.Dres- 
den.    Lon.  13°  36'  E.  Lat.  50°  53'  N. 

Direction,  Islands  of,  four  small  islands  at  the 
entrance  of  the  straits  of  Magellan,  in  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  77°  19'  W.  Lat.  52°  27  S. 

Dirfiam,  v.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  8  m.  N.  Bath. 

Dirmstein,  t.  Germany,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Worms. 

Dirschau,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Vistula,  16  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Dantzic. 

Disappointment  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Minda- 
nao.    Lon.  126°  15'  E.  Lat.  6°  52'  N. 

Disappointment  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan, 
on  the  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  10  m.  S.  E.  Dol- 
phin bay. 

Disappointment  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Georgia,  in  the  S.  Atlantic.  Lon.  36^  13' 
W.  Lat.  54°  58'  S. 

Disappointment  Island,  oneof  Duff 'sgroupe,  in 
the  Pacific.     Lon.  167°  E.  Lat.  10°  S. 

Disappointment  hlaiids,  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  145°  4'  W.  Lat.  14°  5'  S. 

Disappointment  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A- 
merica,  the  N.  cape  at  the  mouth  of  Columbia  riv- 
er.    Lon.  142°  59'  W.  Lat.  46°  19' N. 

Discord,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greenland. 
Lon.  44°  30'  W.  Lat.  60°  30'  N.  ^ ' 


220  D  I  X 

Disentis,  t.  of  the  Swiss  canton  of  the  GrisoiiE. 
Lon.  8°  59'  E.  Lat.  46°  58'  N. 

Dishtie,  V.  Egrypt,  16  m.  N.  E.  Menoaf. 
Disko,  isl.  in  Davis'  straits,  in  a  bay  of  the  same 
name.     Lon.  70°  W.  Lat.  51°  N. 

Dislet/,  t  Eng.  in  Chester,  6  m.  S.  W.  Stockport. 
Pop.  1,415.  ^ 

Dismal  Siramp,  a  tract  of  marshy  land,  commen- 
cing in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Virginia,  and  extending 
into  N.  Carolina.  It  is  30  miles  long  from  N.  to  S. 
and  10  broad,  and  embraces  about  150,000  acres, 
generally  covered  vritli  trees.  In  the  centre  is 
Drummond's  pond,  15  miles  in  circumference. 
The  Chesapeake  and  Albemarle  canal  passes 
through  the  swamp,  and  is  supplied  with  water 
from  Drummond's  pond. 

Diss,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  13  m.  S,  S.  W.  Nor- 
wich.    Lon.  1°  5'  E.  Lat.  52°  22"  N.     Pop.  2,590. 
Dissais,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  11  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Poitiers.     Pop.  1,100. 

Dissay,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  9  m.  S.  E.  Chateau 
du  Loir.     Pop.  1,100. 

Dissen,  v.  Hanover,  19  m.  S.  E.  Osnabruck. 
Dilmarsen,  a  district  of  Holstein,  between  the 
Eyder  and  the  Elbe.     The  chief  towns  are  Mel- 
dorf  andLunden. 

Diifeah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bundelcund.  Lon.  78°  SS' 
E.  Lat.  25°  43°  N. 

Diu,  a  celel)rated  island  and  fortress  of  Hind. 
inGujf-rat.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  and  formerly 
possessing  a  Hindoo  temple,  it  rose  to  great  celeb- 
rity, and  became  one  of  the  richest  places  of  the 
east.  In  1535,  it  was  taken  by  the  Portuguese, 
who  fortified  it,  and  made  it  a  place  of  great  trade ; 
but  in  1G70,  it  was  plundered  by  the  Arabs,  and 
has  now  dwindled  into  insignificance.  Lon.  71'' 
E.  Lat.  20°  43'  N. 

Diu.  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  coast  of  Guze- 
rat.     Lon.  70^  52'  E.  Lat  20°  41'  N.. 

Divanelly,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  20  m.  N.  Banga- 
lore. 

Divaran,  one  of  the  Calamianes  islands.  Lon. 
120°  32'  E.  Lat.  8°  12'  N. 

Dive,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  English 
channel  near  Dives. 

Dividing  creek,  p-v.  Cumberland  co,  N.  J. 
Dividing  creek,  Tr  Va.  which  runs  between  Lan- 
caster and  Northumberlatid  counties  into  Chesa- 
peake bay. 

Divilican,  t.  Lucon.  at  the  entrance  of  Caiguran 
bay.    Lon.  122°  27'  E.  Lat.  16°  51'  N. 

Division,  p-t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  23  m.  E.  Au- 
burn, 170  W.  Albany. 

Divriki,  t.  A.  Turkey,  60  m.  N.  E.  Sivas,  90  N. 
Diarbekir. 

Divt/  Pom/,  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel.  Lon. 
81°  14'  E.  Lat.  15°  58'  N. 

Divy  Point,  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Condapilly. 
Lon.  81°  20' E.  Lat.  15°  55'  N. 

Dixan,  t.  of  Tigr^,  in  Abyssinia.  Lon.  39°  38' 
E.  Lat.  15°  N. 

Dixcove,  a  Briti.<h  fort,  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Af- 
rica, at  the  entrance  of  a  small  cove.  40  m.  S.  W. 
Cape  coast  Castle. 

Dirfield,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, 10  m.  xN.  E.  Paris.     Pop.  403. 

Dixhills,  p-v.  in  Huntington,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 
Dixmonf,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  20  m.  W. 
Bangor.     Pop.  337. 

Dixmvydtn,  t.  Netherlands,  11  m.  S.   Ostend, 
24  E.  Dunkirk.    Lon.  2°  51'  E.  Lat.  31°  2'  N. 
Dixon,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 


DOC 

Dixon''s  Entrance,  straits  in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean, 
between  Queen  Charlotte's  island  and  the  conti- 
nent of  N.  America. 

Dixon^s  springs,  p-v.  Smith  co.  Ten. 
Dixville,  t.  Coos  co.  IV.  H.  110  m.  N.  Concord. 
Dixville,  p-v.  Henry  co.  Va. 
Disabad,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  60  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ham- 
adan. 

Dizuk,  district,  Persia,  in  Mekran. 
Dmitrov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  30  m.  N.  Moscow.  Lon. 
37°  35'  E.  Lat.  56°  21'  N. 

Dneproicsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Taurida,  on  the 
Dnieper,  80  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ekaterinoslav. 

Dnieper,  (an.  Bori/sihenes,)  r.  Russia,  which  ri- 
ses in  the  government  of  Smolensko,  and  passing 
by  Smolensko,  Orcha,  Mohilev,  Bobryow,  Kiev, 
Crementchong,  Ekaterinoslav,  Nicopal,  and  Cher- 
son,  falls  into  the  Black  sea,  between  Oczakov  and 
Kinburn.  It  begins  to  be  navigable  above  Smo- 
lensko ;  but  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  the 
navigation  is  impeded  by  islands,  and  about  200 
miles  from  its  mouth,  by  rapids  which  continue  foi- 
nearly  40  miles  ;  they  are  not,  however,  danger- 
ous, except  after  heavy  falls  of  rain.  The  length 
of  its  course  is  800  miles. 

Dniester,  or  .'N'iester,  (an.  Tyras,)  r.  Europe, 
which  rises  in  the  Carpathian  mountains,  in  Aus- 
trian Galicia,  and  after  passing  by  Tzekinooka, 
Rasczcow,  Bender,  Tiraspol,  and  other  towns, 
runs  into  the  Black  sea  between  Ovidiopol  and 
Akerman.  Its  navigation  has  been  recently  im- 
proved by  the  Russian  government,  and  the  Poles 
now  send  a  considerable  portion  of  the  produce  of 
their  soil  through  its  medium,  to  the  flourishing 
port  of  Odessa,  situated  on  the  Black  sea,  near  its 
mouth. 

Don,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near  theW.  coast 
of  Gilolo.     Lon.  127°  40'  E.  Lat.  12°  15'  N. 

Dobberan,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg,  near 
the  Baltic,  8  m.  N.  W.  Rostock.     Pop.  1,420. 

Dobbertin,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg,  12  m. 
S.  Schwerin.     Pop.  750. 

Dobbs,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  bay,  at  the  S.  side  of 
the  entrance  of  Wager's  i^iver.  Lon.  86°  30'  W. 
Lat.  65°  N. 

Doboy  sound,  and  inlet,  on  the  coast  of  Geo. 
which  receives  the  N.  branch  ol  the  Alatamaha 
river.  The  bar  has  14  feet  at  low  water,  and  is  in 
lat.  31°  20'  N. 

Dobfaicitz,  t  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  Buntz- 
lau,  4  m.  S.  Jung-Buntzlau. 

Dobrilugk,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  river  Dober, 
34  m.  N.  Dresden,  56  S.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  35'  E. 
Lat.  51°  34' N. 

Dobiuzi,  country,  in  Bulgaria,  extending  along 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Danube,  near  its  mouth.  It  is 
inhabited  by  Tartars. 

Dobrzyn,  t.  Poland,  65  m.  N.  N.  W-.  Warsaw. 

Dobrzyn,  t.  Poland,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Thorn. 

Dobson''s  cross-roads,  p-v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C. 

Doce  Rio,  r.  Brazil,  rises  near  Villa  Rica,  and 
running  N.  and  afterwards  E.  discharges  it 
self,  after  a  course  of  about  500  miles,  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  19°  .30'  S. 

Dochart,  r.  Scotland,  in  Perth  co.  which  falls 
into  Loch  Tay. 

Dockan,  one  of  the  Sooloo  islands.  Lon.  120° 
2'  E.  Lat.  5°  58'  N. 

Dockum,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  near  the 
G  erman  ocean,  on  a  canal,  which,  at  high  water, 
brings  large  ships  up  to  the  town.  It  has  conside- 
rable trade  in  salt,  cheese,  butter,  and  beer.  Pop. 


DOM 


DON 


223 


,-),lOO.    33  m.  W.  Delfzyl.    Lon.  5°  55'  E.    Lat. 

53°  20'  N. 

Dodbrook,  t.  En^.  in  Devon,  15  m.  S.  W.  Dart- 
mouth. 

Dodona,  a  celebrated  forest  of  Albania,  famous 
in  ancient  times  for  its  oracles,  and  at  present  the 
Fetreat  of  rebellious  Albanians. 

Doe,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea,  lat.  30°  S. 

Doebeln,  i.  Saxony,  27  m.  S.  E.  Leipzic.  Lon. 
13°  1'  E.  Lat.  51°  7  N.     Pop.  4,100. 

Doesburg,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland,  8 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Zutphen.     Lon.  68°  E.  Lat.  52°  2'  N. 

Dofar,  or  Dafar,  s-p.  Arabia,  in  Hadramaut,  in 
the  Arabian  sea,  120  m.  N.  Cape  Fartach. 

Dofrajield,  ridge  of  mountains,  between  Swe- 
den and  Norway.  The  highest  summits  are  in 
Drontheim  and  Bergen.  The  greatest  elevation 
is  7,620  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Dog  Islands,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  gulf  of  St. 
liawrence.     Lon.  58°  W.  Lat.  SF  20'  N. 

Dog  Island,  or  Desimturada,  isl.  in  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  141°  30'  W.  Lat.  15°  15'  S. 

Dog,  or  Cedar  river,  Alabama,  flows  into  the 
c?tuary  of  Pascagoula. 

Dog  river,  Alabama,  flows  into  Mobile  bay, 
about  3  leagues  below  the  town  of  Mobile. 

Dogger  Banic,  an  extensive  sand-bank  in  the 
North  sea,  between  the  north  of  Germany  and 
England,  the  west  end  of  which  extends  nearly 
to  Scarborougli  in  Yorkshire,  and  the  eastern 
within  20  leagues  of  the  coast  of  Jutland.  It  is 
much  frequented  by  English  and  Dutch  for  the 
cod  fishery. 

Dogliani,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mon- 
dori. 

Doiagoi,  isl.  in  the  Frozen  sea,  at  the  entrance 
of  Waygat's  straits.  Lon.  57"  14'  E.  Lat.  70° 
5'N. 

Doira,  r.  Piedmont,  which  falls  into  the  Po. 

Dol,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  34  m.  N.W. 
Rennes.     Lon.  1°  45'  3 "  E.  Lat.  48°  33'  8"  N. 

Dolce  Aqua,  t  Sardinian  states,  16  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Nice. 

Dole,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  on  the  Doubs,  23  m. 
S.  W.  Besancon,  28  S.  E.  Dijon.  Lon.  5°  30'  E. 
Lat.  47°  6'  N.     Pop.  8,250. 

Dole  La,  one  of  the  loftiest  parts  of  the  Jura 
chain,  between  the  French  department  of  Jura, 
and  the  Swiss  canton  of  V'aud.  Its  summit  is 
5600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Dolgelhj,  t.  Wales,  in  Merioneth,  on  the  Avon, 
40  m.  S.  Caernarvon.  Lon.  4°  36'  W.  Lat.  52° 
44'  N.     Pop.  3,064. 

Dolhinoic,  t.  Russia,  70  m.  E.  Wilna. 

Dollart  Buy,  or  The  Dollerl,  a  large  arm  of  the 
North  sea,  extending  between  EastFriesland,  and 
Groningen,  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Fans. 

Dolnilz,  I.  Saxony,  which  runs  into  the  Elbe,  15 
m.  below  Meissen. 

Dolo,  II,  t.  in  the  Venetian  territory,  8  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Padua.     Pop.  8,000. 

Dolorskoi,  Ibrt,  A.  Russia,  in  Kolhyvane,  on  the 
Irkutsk,  16  m.  W.  Semipolatnoi. 

Dolphin  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  on  the 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego.     Lon.  76°  7'  W. 

Dolphin  Cape,  a  headland,  which  forms  the  E. 
point  of  the  N.  entrance  into  Falkland's  sound. 

Doma,  r.  S.  America,  which  enters  the  Orinoco, 
60  m.  above  the  Meta. 

Domaine,  Riviere  du,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which 
flows  into  the  St.  r.awrcuce.  6  ra.  below  the  island 
of  Orleans, 


Domboo,  t.  Africa,  on  the  caravan  route  from 
Mourzouk  to  Bornou,  200  m.  N.  N.  W.  Bornou. 

Domboo,  salt  lakes,  Africa,  on  the  N.  extremity 
of  Bornou,  and  from  which  that  kingdom,  Cassi- 
na,  and  the  States  S.  of  the  Niger,  are  supplied 
with  salt 

Domboo,  t.  Africa,  on  the  S.  of  the  Niger,  200 
m.  S.  W.  Cassina. 

Domesnes,  cape,  Russia,  in  Courland,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  Riga,  in  lon.  22°  16'  E.  and 
lat.  57°  39'  N. 

Dornfront,  t.  France,  35  m.  W.  N.  W.  Alencon. 
Lon.  34'  VV.  Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

Dominica,  isl.  in  the  West  Indies,  between  lat. 
15°  10'  and  l'5°  36'  N.  and  between  lon.  61°  17 
and  61°  32'  W.  being  29  miles  long,  and  16  broad. 
It  contains  186,436  acres.  The  value  of  its  ex- 
ports, which  consist  of  coflee,  sugar,  rum,  cotton, 
:md  wooljin  1809  was  161,291^.  and  in  1810  39,686/. 
The  value  of  its  imports  during  the  same  years  is 
stated  at  315,584/.  and  282,002/.  Pop.  in  1805, 
26,499,  viz.  1594  whites,  2,822  people  of  colour, 
and  22,083  slaves.     It  belongs  to  the  British. 

Dominica,  one  of  the  Marquesas  islands,  45 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  139°  3'  W.  Lat. 
9°  39'  S. 

Domitz,'t.  in  Mecklenburg,  on  tlie  Elbe,  34  m. 
S.  Schwerin.     Lon.  11°  22'  E.     Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Domiizsch,  t.  Prussian  states,  10  m.  S.  Witten- 
berg. Lon.  12°  56'  E.  Lat.  51'=  37'  N. 

Dommcl,  r.  Netherlands,  which  falls  into  the 
Maese  at  Fort  Crevecour. 

Domstadt,  t.  Moravia,  10  m.  N.  E.  Olmutz. 

Domiis,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Tapty.  Lon.  72°  53'  E.  Lat.  21^  5'  N. 

Don,  r.  Scotland,  rises  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
Aberdeen  co.  and  falls  into  the  sea  north  of  Old 
Aberdeen,  after  a  course  of  62  miles. 

Don,  (an.  Tanais)  r.  Eu.  Russia,  rises  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Tula,  and  after  a  winding  course  of 
1,100  miles,  empties  itself  into  the  sea  of  Azoph. 

Don,  r.  Up.  Canada,  runs  into  Lake  Ontario  at 
York  harbour. 

Donaghadee,  t.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  on  the 
coast  of  the  Irish  channel,  15  m.  E.  Belfast.  Lon. 
5°  25'  W.  Lat.  54°  37'  N. 

Donaldson' s,  p-v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

Donaldsonville,  t.  in  the  parish  of  Ascension. 
Louisiana,  on  the  VV.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  at 
the  efflux  of  the  Lafourche, 

Donaueschingen,  t.  Baden,  11m.  W.  Duttlin- 
gcn.    Lon.  8°  30' 25"  E.  Lat.  47°  57'  N. 

Donauirerth,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Wernitz,  25  m.  N.  Augsburg.  Lon 
10°  47'  3"  E.  Lat.  48°  43'  15"  N. 

Donawits,  an  arm  of  the  Danube,  which  unites 
that  river  with  theTemesch,  above  Belgrade. 

Donax,  v.  Piedmont,  3  m.  S.  E.  Verrez. 

Doncaster,  t.  Eng.  in  We=t  Riding  of  Yorkshire, 
on  the  Don.  It  is  well  built,  and  contains  an  ele- 
gant church,  several  houses  of  worship  for  dissen- 
ters,  and  a  theatre,  18  m.  N.  E.  Sheffield,  36  S, 
York,  and  162  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  1'  W.  Lat. 
53°  27'  N.     Pop.  6,935. 

Donchery,  t.  France;  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Maese. 
Lon.  4°  53'  E.  Lat.  49°  41'  50"  N. 

Donderkom's  Point,  a  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lon.  117<=  40'  E.  Lat.  0°  45'  S. 

Dondowang,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  1 18^ 
E.  Lat.  5°  25'  S. 

Dondra  Head,  a  low  point  of  land,  which  forms 
the  S.  extremity  of  Ceylon.  Here  is  a  populous 
village.  Lon.  80°  40' E.  Lat.  5°  50^  N, 


224 


D  O  O 


DOR 


Donegal,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  and  W.  by 
the  Atlantic,  E.  by  Londonderry  and  Tyrone,  and 
S.  by  Fermanagh  and  the  bay  of  Ballyshannon.  It 
contains  1,725  sq.  miles.  Great  part  of  the  sur- 
face is  waste.  The  chief  town  is  LifTord.  Pop. 
200,000. 

Donegal,  t.  Ireland,  in  Donegal  co.  on  a  bay  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island,  9  m. 
N.N.E.  Ballyshannon,  and  111  N.  W.  Dublin. 

Donegal,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Lancaster. 
Pop.  3,516.  There  is  another  town  of  this  name 
in  Washington  co.  Pop,  1,327;  another  in  Butler 
CO.  Pop.  67 1 ;  and  another  in  Westmoreland  co. 
Pop.  2,147. 

Doneraile,  t.  Ireland,  19  m.  N.  W.  Cork. 

Donetz,  r.  llussia,  falls  into  the  Don,  in  the 
/Country  of  the  Don  Cossacks.  It  is  navigable  to 
Izium. 

Dongen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  6  m. 
E.  N.  E .  Breda. 

Donges,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  near  its  mouth. 
21m.  W.N.  W.Nantes. 

Dongola,  or  Dankala,  t.  on  the  Nile,  and  cap.  of 
Nubia,  280  m.  S.  of  Syene.  Lon.  32°  E.  Lat.  19» 
20'  N. 

Dongoiv,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Irrawuddy  river,  20  m.  N.  Loonsey. 

Donkov,  t.  Russia,  in  Riazan,  on  the  Don,  560 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Petersburgh.     Pop.  2,100. 

Donna  Maria  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Plispaniola. 

Donnington,  or  Dunnington,  Eng.  in  Lincoln.  It 
has  a  good  port  for  barges,  which  export  hemp 
and  hemp-seed  to  Boston  and  the  Washes  ;  1 1  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Boston. 

Donnington,  v.  Eng.  in  Berks,  2  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Newbury. 

Donnington,  or  Castle  Donnington,  t.  Eng.  18 
m.  N.  Leicester.     Pop.  2,308. 

Donskaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  the  first  of  a  chain  of 
posts  between  the  sea  of  Azoph  and  the  Caspian. 
116  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ekaterinograd. 

Donskaia,  fort.  A.  Russia,  on  the  Don  ;  220  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Azoph. 

Donski  Cossacks,  or  Cossacks  of  the  Don.  See 
Cossacks. 

Donseres,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  7  m.  S.  Monteli- 
mart.     Pop.  1,500. 

Donsy,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  8  m.  E.  Cosne. 
Lon.  2°' 55'  E.  Lat.  47°  22'  N. 

Donzy,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  with  extensive  iron 
forges,  5  m.  N.  E.  Feurs. 

Doo,  r.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Guinea.     Lon.  2°  40'  E.  Lat.  6°  20'  N. 

Dooab,  the  name  of  several  districts  of  India, 
signifying  a  tract  of  land  between  two  rivers ; 
but  chiefly  applied  to  the  territory  between  the 
Ganges  and  Jumna,  comprehended  in  the  provin- 
ces of  Delhi,  Agra,  and  Allahabad.  It  now  be- 
longs entirely  to  the  British  ;  and  is  a  fine  pro- 
ductive country,  yielding  every  kind  of  grain, 
tobacco,  cotton,  indigo,  and  sugar,  in  abundance. 
The  inhabitants  are  nearly  equally  Hindoos  and 
Mahometans. 

Dooabeh  Barry,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  be- 
tween the  Beyah  and  Ravey  rivers. 

Dooabeh  Jallinder,  district,  Hind,  in  Lahore, 
between  the  Sutteledge  and  Beyah  rivers.  It  is 
esteemed  the  most  fruitful  of  all  the  Seik  posses- 
sions. 

Doolabary,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Atri  river.  Lon. 
88°  50'  E.  Lat  24°  39'  N. 


Doondeakera,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  Ganges, 
Lon.  80°  40'  E.  Lat.  26°  12'  N. 

Doornspyck,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland, 
near  the  Zuyder  Zee,  3  m.  S.  W.  Elburg. 

Dooryghaut,  t.  Hind,  in  Benares,  on  the  Gogra. 
Lon.  SSC'  31'  E.  Lat.  26°  15'  N. 

Dooshak,  or  Julallabad,  t.  Persia,  oap.  of  Seis- 
tan.  Lon.  61°  13'  E.  Lat.  31'^  26'  N.  It  contains 
2,000  houses. 

Dorak,  or  Felahi,  t.  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  cele- 
brated for  the  manufacture  of  Arabian  cloak^ 
which  are  exported  in  great  numbers.  Pop.  8,000. 
75  m.  S.  Shuster. 

Doran,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  28  m.  S.  Sana. 
Lon.  44°  4'  E.  Lat.  14°  55'  N. 

Dorat,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  28  m.  N. 
Limoges.  Lon.  1°  9'  E.  Lat.  46°  13'  N.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Dorchester,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxford  co.  on  the  Thames, 
9  m.  E.  Oxford,  49  W.  N.  W.  London. 

Dorchester,  i.  Eng.  cap.  of  Dorset  co.  There 
are  3  churches;  3  alms-houses;  a  county  jail, 
erected  after  the  plan  of  Mr.  Howard,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  16,179/.  This  town  is  a  borough,  re- 
turning 2  members  to  parliament.  Pop.  2,546. 
119  m.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  25' W.  Lat.  50® 
43' N. 

Dorchester,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  extending  along  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Chaudiere. 

Dorchester,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Dorchester,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  42  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  537. 

Dorchester,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  3  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Boston.  Pop.  2,930.  It  is  an  ancient  town,  hav- 
ing been  settled  in  1630.  It  contains  many 
beautiful  country  seats,  and  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Meth- 
odists. The  peninsula,  called  Dorchester  neck, 
borders  on  Boston  liarbor,  and  a  part  of  it  is  in- 
corporated with  the  town  of  Boston. 

Dorchester,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Morris  river,  5  m.  from  its  mouth,  17  E. 
Fairfield. 

Dorchester,  co.  Md.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the 
Chesapeake,  bounded  N.  by  Talbot  and  Caroline 
counties,  E.  by  Delawaie,  S.  and  W.  by  Chesa- 
peake bay.  Pop.  18,108.  Slaves,5,032.  Chief 
town,  Cambridge. 

Dorchester,  p-t.  and  cap.  Colleton  district,  S.  C. 
on  Ashley  river,  18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Charleston. 

Dordogne,  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Auvcrgne, 
and  falls  into  the  Garonne,  at  Bourg,  15  m.  below 
Bourdeaux.  The  united  river  takes  the  name  of 
Gironde.  The  course  of  the  Dordogne  is  above 
200  miles. 

Dordogne,  a  department  of  France,  adjoining 
the  departments  of  the  Gironde,  Charente,  and 
Correze.  It  contains  3,600  sq.  miles,  and  425,000 
inhabitants.  Wine,  oil,  and  catUe,  form  the 
chief  articles  of  export. 

Dojflingen,  V.  Switz.  4  m.  E.  by  N.  SchafT- 
hausen. 

Dorho,  or  Dradate,  port,  Africa,  on  the  Red 
sea,  withagood  harbor,  36  m.  N.  Suakem. 

Dorking,  or  Darking,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  23  m. 
S.  S.  W.  London.     Pop.  3,259. 

Dornoch,  or  Dornegg,  t.  Switz.  in  Soleure,  6 
m.  S.  Bale,  20  N.  N.  E.  Soleure. 

Dornburg,  t.  Germany,  5  m.  N.  Jena.  Lon. 
n°40'E.  Lat.  51°  2' N. 

Domhan^  t.  Wirtemberg,  in  the  Black  Forest. 


D  O  U 

40  m.  S.  W.  Stuttgard.  Lon.  8°  33'  E.  Lat.  48° 
17'  N. 

Domheim,  t.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  5  m. 
W.  Darmstadt 

Dornoch,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Sutherland  co.  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  frith  of  Dornoch,  21 1  m.  N. 
Edinburgh.     Lat.  57°  50'  N.  Lon.  4°  W. 

Donistefien,  t.  Wirtemberg,  32  m.  E.  Strasburg. 
Lon.  8°  35'  E.  Lat.  48°  28'  xN. 

Dorobat,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  12  m.  W.  Taas, 

Dorogobush,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Smolensko,  on 
the  Dnieper,  46  m.  E.  N.  E.  Smolensko. 

Dorpal,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Livonia.  A  univer- 
sity has  been  established  here  since  1802,  with  a 
revenue  of  from  10,000  to  15,000/.  sterling.  65 
m.  S.  W.  Narva,  120  N.  N.  E.  Riga.  Lon.  25°  28' 
9"  E.  Lat.  58°  22'  45"  N.     Pop.  4,500. 

Dorset,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Somerset  and 
Wilts,  E.  by  Hampshire,  S.  by  the  British  chan- 
nel, and  \V.  by  Devon  and  Somerset.  It  contains 
1,129  sq.  miles,  or  711,270  acres,  of  which  153,588 
are  arable,  and  300,000  pasture,  meadow,  com- 
mon, and  downs.  Pop.  in  1811,  124,693;  fami- 
lies, 26,821,  of  which  number  12,982  were  en- 
gaged in  agriculture,  and  9,607  in  trade  and  man- 
ufactures. Great  attention  is  paid  to  the  breed- 
ing of  sheep,  and  it  is  computed  that  the  colmty 
contains  800,000  of  these  animals. 

Dorset,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  27  m.  N.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  1,294. 

Dorsten,  t.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  40  m.  S.  W.  Munster.  Lon.  6°  57'  40"  E. 
Lat.  51°  40' 3"  N. 

Dort,  t.  Netherlands,  in  S.  Holland,  on  an  isl- 
and formed  by  the  Maese  and  the  Biesboch.  It 
was  first  detached  from  the  mainland  by  a  dread- 
ful inundation,  which  happened  in  1421,  and 
breaking  down  the  dykes,  swept  away  72  villages, 
in  which  100,000  persons  perished.  'The  situation 
is  highly  favourable  for  trade,  and  the  harbor  suf- 
ficiently commodious;  goods  may  be  landed  in 
the  very  heart  of  the  city  by  means  of  the  canals. 
The  timber,  which  is  brought  in  immense  floats  on 
the  Rhine  from  Germany,  is  either  prepared  for 
different  uses  in  the  saw  mills  which  skirt  the 
town,  or  exported  unwrought  to  Britain,  Spain, 
and  PortugEil. — In  1457,  this  place  was  in  great 
part  destroyed  by  fire  :  in  1618  and  1619  was  held 
the  famous  synod  of  Dort,  an  assembly  of  Protes- 
tant divines,  which  condemned  the  tenets  of  Ar- 
minius.  1 1  m.  S.  E.  Rotterdam,  36  S.  by  W.  Am- 
sterdam. Lon.  4°  39'  42"  E.  Lat.  51°  48'  54"  N. 
Pop.  19,400. 

Dortmund,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province  of 
Westphalia,  on  the  Ems,  40  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cologne. 
Lon.  7°  26'  41"  E.  Lat.  51°  31'  24"  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Dossolo,  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Po,  18  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Mantua. 

Dothan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  N.  part  of 
Samaria,  12  m.  N.  of  the  city  of  Samaria,  44  N. 
Jerusalem,  6  W.  Tiberias. 

Dovarese,  t.  Lombardy,  near  the  Oglio,  24  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Mantua. 

Douarnenez,  s-p.  France,  in  Finisterre,  20  m.  S. 
Brest.     Lon.  4°  14'  W.  Lat,  48°  5'  N. 

Douay,  a  strong  t.  France,  on  the  small  but 
navigable  river  Scarpe.  It  contains  a  university, 
schools  for  drawing,  medicine,  and  mathematics, 
and  a  physical  cabinet,  a  chemical  laboratory,  a 
botanic  garden,  and  a  public  library.  This  place 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  English  schools ; 
and  a  number  of  Roman  CathoVio  voutbs  from 

29 


D  O  V 


225 


England  and  Ireland  are  sent  thither  foi*  their  ed- 
ucation. Pop.  18,000.  15  m.  N.  W.  Cambray, 
83  N.  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  3°.  5'  2"  E.  Lat.  50®  ST 
12"  N. 

Double-bridge,  p-v.  Lunenburg  co,  Va. 

Double  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  214°  1'  W.  Lat.  17°  50'  S. 

Doubs,  or  Doux,  r.  France.  It  rises  in  the  Jura 
mountains,  and  forms,  for  some  distance,  the 
boundary  between  France  and  Switzerland.  It 
falls  into  the  Saone  at  Verdun.  It  has  long  been 
in  contemplation  to  connect  this  river  by  a  canal 
with  the  111,  and  thus  open  a  communication  be- 
tween the  Rliine  and  the  Rhone. 

Doubs,  a  department  of  France,  bordering  on 
Switzerland,  and  watered  by  the  river  Doubs. 
Pop.  227,000. 

Doudecille,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  25  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Rouen. 

Doue,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  9  m.  S.W. 
Saumur. 

Dove,  T.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Trent  below 
Burton. 

Dove,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lon. 
64°  W.  Lat.  44°  20'  N. 

Dove  Island,  small  isl.  in  Torres  strait,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  New  Holland. 

Dover,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Kent,  situated  in  a  valley 
almost  surrounded  by  chalky  clifis.  It  is  defended 
by  a  strong  and  spacious  castle,  including  an  area 
of  about  35  acres;  and  all  the  neighbouring 
heights  are  fortified.  The  castle  occupies  a  lofty 
eminence,  steep  and  rugged  towards  the  town  and 
harbor,  and  presents  a  precipitous  cliff"  320  feet 
higher  than  the  sea.  Dover  is  one  of  the  Cinque 
Ports,  and  a  borough,  returning  2  members  to 
parliament.  The  harbor  can  receive  vessels  of 
400  or  500  tons,  and  is  defended  by  strong  batte- 
ries. It  is  the  principal  place  of  embarkation  to 
France,  and  employs  27  packets  for  that  purpose. 
The  channel  is  about  22  miles  wide.  Samphire  is 
still  gatliered  from  the  clifFs,  as  in  the  days  of 
Shakspeare.  Pop.  9,074.  8  m.  fr.  Deal,  16  fr, 
Canterbury,  72  E.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  19'  E. 
Lat.  51°  6'  N. 

Dover,  t.  Kent  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake  St. 
Clair,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames. 

Dover,  p-t.  and  cap.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  12  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Portsmouth.  Lat.  43°  1 1'  N.  Lon.  70° 
50'  W.  Pop.  2,228.  The  village  is  at  the  head 
of  the  tide,  on  Cocheco  river,  4  m.  above  its 
junction  with  Salmon  Fall  river.  It  is  an  ancient 
town,  having  been  incorporated  in  1633,  and  con- 
tains a  court-house;  a  jail;  a  bank;  a  printing- 
office  ;  and  2  houses  for  public  worship,  1  for 
Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Friends.  It  has  va- 
rious mills  and  manufacturing  establishments,  and 
daily  communication  with  Portsmouth  by  a  pack- 
et boat. 

Dover,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  on  Charles  river,  7 
m.  W.  Dedham,  16  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  548. 

Dover,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  E.  Pough- 
keepsie,  100  S.  Albany.  Pop.  2,146.  It  oontains 
2  meeting-houses  for  Quakers,  1  for  Baptists,  and 
1  for  Presbyterians. 

Dover,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  between  Shrews- 
bury and  New  Stratford.     Pop.  1,882. 

Dover,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  Fox  run,  which 
falls  into  Conewago  creek,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,882. 

Dover,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Delaware,  and  cap.  of  the 
State,  on  Jones'  creek,  about  5  m.  from  its  mouth 
in  Delaware  l:*iy,  48  m.  p.  Witmiriftpa.  78  S.  ^. 


DOW 


D  R  A 


W.  Philadelpliia.  Lat.  39°  W  N.  Lon.  75°  24' 
W.  It  contains  2  places  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  more 
than  100  houses.  There  are  4  streets,  which  in- 
tersect each  other  at  right  angles,  and  leave  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  a  spacious  square,  on  the 
east  side  of  which  is  an  elegant  State-house. — 
The  town  has  a  lively  appearance,  and  carries  on 
considerable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  chiefly  in 
flour. 

Dover,  p-t.  and  cap.  Stuart  co.  Ten.  on  Cum- 
lierland  river,  317  m.  fr.  Murfreesboro'. 

Dover,  p-t.  Cuyalioga  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie. 

Dover,  p-t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Dover  mills,  p-v.  Goochland  co.  Va. 

Douglas,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanark,  38  m.  S.  W. 
"Edinburgh. 

Douglas,  small  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
Clyde,  7  m.  below  Douglas. 

Douglas,  s-p.  of  the  Isle  of  Man.  Pop.  2,631. 
Lon.  40  44'  W.  Lat.  54°  9'  N. 

Douglass,  p-t.Worcester  co.  Mass.  17  m.  S.  Wor- 
cester.    Pop.  1,142. 

Douglass,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Schuylkill.     Pop.  687. 

Douglass,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  660. 

Douglas  Cape,  the  W.  point  at  the  entrance  in- 
to Cook's  inlet.    Lon.  152°  39'  W.  Lat.  58°  52'  N. 

Douglas  Island,  between  Admiralty  island  and 
the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.     Lat.  58°  16'  N. 

Douglass-mills,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Douletabad.     See  Doivlatahad. 

Doulevant,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  9  m.  S. 
W.  Joinville. 

Doullens,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  15  m.  N.  Amiens. 
Lon.  2°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  SV  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Doune,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  on  the  river 
Teith,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Ardoch,  8  m. 
N.  W,  Stirling,  43  W.  Edinburgh. 

Dour,  r.  Eng.  falls  into  the  Munnow,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Monmouth. 

Dour,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  9  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Mons. 

Dourdan,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  18  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Versailles. 

Dourlach,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  in  the 
gulf  of  Smyrna.     Lon.  26°  36'  E.  Lat.  38°  31'  N. 

Douro,  or  Duero,  lai^e  r.  Spain,  which  rises  on 
the  borders  of  Arragon,  and  flowing  W.  into  Por- 
tugal, runs  into  the  Atlantic,  a  little  below  Oporto. 

Douvaines,  t.  Switz.  14  m.  N.  E.  Geneva. 

Douvres,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  9  m.  W. 
Cain. 

Dory,  or  Dyffi,  r.  Wales,  falls  into  Cardigan 
bay,  about  7  m.  N.  Aberystwith. 

Douze,  La,  r.  France,  which  rune  into  the  Adour 
below  Tartas. 

Douzy,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  11  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Cosne.  Pop.  3,600. 
*  Dowlatabad,  formerly  called  Deoghir,  a  cele- 
brated city,  and  fortress,  of  Hind,  in  Aurungabad. 
It  is  considered  as  the  key  of  the  Deccan.  Lon. 
76°  2' E.  Lat.  19°  52' N. 

Down,  CO.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Antrim  and 
an  anil  of  the  sea,  E.  and  S.  by  the  Irish  sea,  and 
W.  by  Armagh.  It  contains  936  sq.  miles,  or 
559,995  acres.  The  principal  manufactures  are 
linen  and  muslin.  Pop.  about  200,000,  the  half 
of  which  are  Roman  Catholics. 

Down,  or  Doirn-Patrick,  t.  Ireland,  cap.  of 
Down  CO.  It  has  a  good  linen  market,  and  car- 
ries on  cooaderable  trade.    It  is  celebrated  as 


being  the  place  of  St.  Patrick's  interment.  20  m". 
S.  E.  Belfast,  74  N.  E.  Dublin.  Lon.  5°  39'  W. 
Lat.  54°  28'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Downe,   t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,501.. 

Downham.  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  on  the  river 
Ouse,  1 1  m.  S.  Lynn. 

Downie,  t.  Central  Africa,  on  the  Niger,  25  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Tombuctoo. 

Downingtown,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  E- 
side  of  Brandywine  creek,  33  m.  W.  by  N.  Phila- 
delphia. 

Downs,  a  road  in  the  English  channel,  lying  ofl 
Deal.     See  Deal. 

DmciUon,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  6  m.  S.  Salisbu- 
ry.    Pop.  2,624. 

Doylestovm,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  15  m.  N.  W. 
Newton,  26  N.  Philadelphia. 

Doylesville,  p-v.  Feliciana  co.  Louisiana. 

Draaiya,  t.  Arabia,  the  capital  of  a  new  reli- 
gious sect  called  Wahabee, .  160  leagues  S.  E.  Je- 
rusalem. 

Drac,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Isere  near 
Grenoble. 

Dracut,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Merrimack,  at  Patucket  falls,  28  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,301. 

Dradate.     See  Dorho. 

Draga,  small  r.  Istria,  which  falls  into  the 
Adriatic,  between  Parenzo  and  Rovigno. 

Dragante,  r.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  which 
runs  into  the  Mediten-anean,  20  m.  N.  N.E.  Ane- 
mur. 

Dragoe,  small  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  A- 
mack,  6  ni.  S.  E.  Copenhagen. 

Dragone,  r.  Naples,  which  rises  on  Mount  Ve- 
suvius, and  falls  into  the  Sarno. 

Dragonera,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  13  m.  N, 
Volturara. 

Draguignan,  t.  France,  cap.  of  the  dep.  of  the 
Var,  is  situated  in  a  fertile  and  agreeable  plain, 
35  m.  N.  E.  Toulon.  Lon.  6°  28' 38"  E.  Lat.  43® 
32'  18"  N.    Pop.  7,860. 

Draha.     See  Darah. 

Drake,  a  port  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  37°  58'  N. 

Drakensitin,  a  district  of  the  colony  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in  an  extensive  valley,  about 
30  or  40  miles  from  Cape  Town,  which  embraces 
some  of  the  most  fertile  land  in  the  colony,  and  in 
it  are  made  two-thirds  of  the  wine  brought  to  the 
Cape. 

Drakia,  v.  Greece,  in  Magnesia,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Larissa. 

Drama,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedon,  15  m.  N. 
E.Emboli. 

Drammen,  t.  Norway,  on  the  Drammer,  20  m. 
S.  W.  Christiania.     Pop.  6,000. 

Drance,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  through  the  Low- 
er Valais,  and  falls  into  the  Rhone,  before  the  lat- 
ter reaches  the  lake  of  Geneva. 

Dransfeld,  t.  Hanover,  6  m.  S.  W.  Gottingen. 

Dras.     See  Kishme. 

Drauburg,  Upper  and  Lower,  2  small  towns  of 
the  Austrian  dominions,  in  Carinthia.  The  for- 
mer is  in  the  circle  of  Villach,  42  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Brixen,  65  W.  Clagenfurt,  in  lon.  14°  42' E;  and 
lat.  46°  44'  N.  Lower  Drauburg  is  112  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Vienna.    Lon.  14°  53'  E.  Lat.  46°  40'  N. 

Drave,  or  Drau,  r.  which  rises  near  Inuichen^ 
in  Tyrol,  and  separating  Croatia  and  Sclavonia 
from  Hungary,  falls  into  the  Danube  below  Es- 
sek.    It  is  navigable  to  Villach. 


D  R  I 


D  R  O 


227 


«■    Drausen,  lake,  W.  Prussia,  which  commuui- 
eates  with  the  Frische  Haf,  near  Elbingen. 

Drayton^  t.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  on  the  river 
Tern,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Shrewsbury.     Pop.  3,370. 

Dreghorny  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  5  m.  W. 
Kilmarnock. 

Drengfurl,  t.  E.  Prussia,  48  m.  S.  E.  Koaigs- 
berg. 

Drcnnelhurg,  t.  Hesse  Cassel,  18  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Cassel. 

i)/-fw//ie, -province  of  the  Netherlands,  bounded 
N.  by  Groningen,  S.  by  Overyssel,  W.  by  Fries- 
land.  It  contains  46,480  inhabitants,  on  818  sq^. 
miles. 

Drepano,  (an.  Panorm7is,)  a  bay  and  harbor  of 
the  Morea,  in  the  gulf  of  Lepanto,  64  m.  W.  by 
N.Corinth. 

Dresden^  city,  Germany,  cap.  of  Saxony,  and 
one  of  the  best  built  towns  in  Europe,  is  beauti- 
fully situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Elbe,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Weisseritz.  This  city  has  long  been 
noted  for  the  fine  arts  ;  the  collection  of  the  works 
©f  great  masters,  affording  inducements  for  artists 
to  repair  thither.  It  contains  11  Lutheran  church- 
es, 2  Catholic,  and  1  Calvinist.  The  reyal  pal- 
ace, a  spacious  but  irregular  structure,  has  a 
tower  355  feet  in  height,  and  a  number  of  re- 
markable apartments, particularly  the  well  known 
green  vault,  divided  into  8  rooms,  all  paved  with 
•marble,  and  containing  statues,  ivory  work,  sil- 
ver plate,  vases,  and  precious  stones.  Among 
the  other  public  buildings  and  institutions,  are 
the  arsenal;  the  Dutch  and  Japanese  palace, 
which  contains  the  royal  library,  said  to  con- 
sist of  150,000  volumes ;  an  academy  for  cadets 
of  noble  faoiily ;  a  military  school ;  and  the  house 
of  industry^  which  finds  employment  for  more 
than  3,000  individuals.  The  principal  manufac- 
tures are  those  of  mirrors,  tapestry,  lace,  jewel- 
lery, porcelain,  earthenware,  and  in  particular, 
of  plaited  straw.  The  population  of  Dresden  has 
been  for  some  time  diminishing.  In  1755,  it  was 
63,000;  in  1788,  53,000;  in  1801,  48,000;  in 
1811,  45,000.  On  the  26th  and  27th  August, 
1813,  the  combined  Austrian  and  Russian  army 
attacked  the  city,  but  were  obliged  to  retire ;  but 
it  was  afterwards  obliged  to  capitulate  on  6th  No- 
vember, 1813.  55  m.  S.  E.  Leipsic,  81  N.  N.  W. 
Prague,  100  S.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  43'  1"  E. 
Lat.  51°2'50"N. 

Dresden,  p-t  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides 
of  the  Kennebec,  8  m.  N.  W,  Wiscasset.  Pop. 
1,096. 

Dresden,  p-t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  15  m.  N.  Zanesville. 

Dreux,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loire,  45  m.  W. 
S.W.  Paris,  55  S.  S.  E.  Rouen.  Lon.  1°  21' 39" 
E.  Lat.  48°  44'  17"  N.     Pop.  5,450. 

Dribenfs,  r.  Prussia,  which  runs  into  the  Vistu- 
la, 6  m.  S.  E.  Thorn. 

Driburg,  t.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  West- 
phalia, 10  m.  N.  E.  Paderborn.  Lon.  9°  0'  21"  E 
Lat.  51°  44'  31"  N. 

Driesen,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Netze,  52  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Custrim.  Lon.  15^  49'  E.  Lat.  52° 
50' N. 

Driffield,  Great,  i.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  23  m.  fr. 
Hull." 

Drighlington,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  fr. 
Leeds. 

Drimana  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  bay  of  Donegal,  3  m.  E,  Killybegs. 


Drin,  r.  which  runs  into  the  Save,  32  m.  W. 
Sabacz. 

Drino,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  by  seven 
mouths  into  the  Adriatic,  below  Alessio,  forming 
several  islands,  and  a  gulf  called  the  gulf  of  Dri- 
no. It  is  navigable  for  large  rafts  for  nearly  100 
miles. 

Drino,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  separates  Bosnia 
from  Servia,  and  falls  into  the  Save,  below  Dri- 
novar. 

Dripping  ^rings,  p-v.  Warren  co.  Ken. 
Drissa,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Witepsk,  on  the  Dwi- 
na,  at  the  influx  of  the  Drissa,  20  m.  W.  N.  W.- 
Polotzk,  272  S.  St.  Petersburg. 

Drogheda,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Louth,  intersected 
by  the  river  Boyne.  The  harbor  has  a  bar  at  the 
entrance,  which  ships  of  burden  cannot  pass,  ex- 
cept at  high  water.  Considerable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  in  the  exportation  of  corn,  and  in  the  im- 
portation of  coals,  which  are  distributed  into  the 
interior  by  means  of  a  canal.  Drogheda  returns 
one  member  to  the  imperial  parliament.  Pop. 
15,000.  23  m.  N.  Dublin.  Lon.  6°  22' W.  Lat. 
53°  43'  N. 

Droitwich,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester,  on  the  Sal- 
warpe.  Here  is  a  canal,  about  6  milear  long, 
which  admits  vessels  of  60  tons,  and  communi- 
cates with  the  river  Severn.  It  contains  extensive 
salt-works,  from  which  700,000  bushels  are  ob- 
tained annually.  The  springs  are  found  about 
110  feet  below  the  surface,  and  the  brine  contains 
about  one-fourth  of  its  own  weight  in  salt.  Droit- 
wich is  a  borough,  returning  2  members  to  par- 
liament. Pop.  2,079.  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Worcester, 
118  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  2'  W.  Lat.  52» 
18' N. 
Dromcliff,  v.  Ireland,  3  m.  N.  Sligo. 
Drome,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Rhone, 
between  Montelimart  and  Valence. 

Drome,  department  of  France,  bounded  by  the 
departments  of  the  Isere,  Upper  Alps,  Lower 
Alps,  and  Vaucluse :  the  Rhone  washes  it  on  the 
west.     Pop.  253,500.     Valence  is  the  capital. 

Dromera,  s-p.  on  the  Ivory  coast  of  Africa,  120 
m.  N.  E.  Cape  Palmas. 

Dromore,  t.  Ireland,  Down  co.  15  m.  S.  W.  Bel- 
fast, 66  N.  Dublin. 

Dromore,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah,  17  m.  S.  Lancaster.  Pop.  1,295. 
Dronero,  t.  Piedmont,  42  m.  W.  N.  W.  Coni. 
Pop.  6,350. 

Dronjield,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  6  m.  N.  Ches- 
terfield. 

Drontheim,  the  most  northern  of  the  four  grand 
baillages  or  dioceses  of  Norway,  and  situated  on 
the  W.  coast,  between  Bergen,  Aggerhuus,  the 
Swedish  frontier,  and  Norrland.  Pop.  in  1769, 
105,238,  and  in  1814,  138,690. 

Drontheim,  t.  Norway,  formerly  the  capital,  is 
on  an  arm  of  the  sea,  by  which  the  town  is  nearly 
surrounded.  The  situation  is  very  favourable  for 
trade,  being  the  point  of  union  of  4  great  valliea 
in  Norway,  and  not  inconvenient  for  communica- 
tion with  Sweden.  The  entrance  of  the  harbor  is 
hazardous,  but  the  interior  is  perfectly  safe.  The 
chief  exports  are  copper,  iron,  timber,  and  fish. 
The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  groceries,  cloths, 
wine,  and  corn.  Pop.  in  1814,  8,832.  235  m.  N. 
E.  Bergen,  270  N.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  10°  23" 
E.  Lat.  63°  25'  N. 

Drosendorf,  t.  and  district.  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Theya,  46  m.  N.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  1-5®  34'  E. 
Lat.4«°45'N. 


228 


D  S  J 


DUB 


Drossen,  t.  Prussian  States,  New  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 14  m.  E.  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.  Lat. 
62®  30'  N. 

Drou-ned  Lands,  a  tract  of  low  land,  in  Orange 
CO.  N.  Y.  extending  on  both  sides  of  Wallkill 
creek  10  miles,  with  a  breadth  of  from  3  to  5 
miles.  They  are  overflowed  in  winter,  and  when 
drained  are  very  fertile. 

Drowned  Meadow,  p-v.  in  Brookhaven,  Suffolk 
CO.  N.  Y.  3  m.  E.  Stony-brook. 

Droylsden,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  fr.  Man- 
chester. 

Drumlanrig,  v.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  13 
m.  N.  W.  Dumfries. 

Drumlithie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kincardine,  7^  m. 
fr.  Laurencekirk. 

Drwnmond''s  Island,  lies  in  lake  Huron,  N.  A- 
merica,  at  the  mouth  of  the  strait  leading  into 
lake  Superior,  4  or  5  miles  from  the  Canada  shore, 
36N.E.  Mackinaw.  Lat.  46°  23'  58"  N.  It  is 
45  miles  in  circumference.  On  the  S.  side  is  a 
spacious  harbor,  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake,  shel- 
tered from  every  wind,  and  entered  by  two  nar- 
row deep  channels.  Here  is  a  British  garrison  of 
about  140  men.  Many  thousand  Indians  of  vari- 
ous tribes,  within  the  region  extending  S.  W.  and 
N.  W.  5  or  600  miles,  resort  annually  in  the  sum- 
mer, to  Drummond's  island,  to  receive  presents 
from  the  British  Government.  The  annual  value 
of  these  presents,  besides  a  large  sum  in  provis- 
ions, is  at  least  4,000/.  sterling,  bestowed  on  the 
Indians  as  a  reward  for  their  services  during  the 
late  war. 

Drummondtown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Accomac  co.  Va. 
^0  m.  fr.  Belhaven,  207  fr.  Richmond. 

Drunen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  15 
IB.  E.  N.  E.  Breda. 

Drusenheim,  t.  Prance^  in  Lower  Rhine,  15  m. 
N.  E.  Strasburg. 

Druses,  a  free  and  warlike  race  of  people  of 
Syria,  who  inhabit  the  Castravan  mountains,  Leb- 
anon, Anti-Lebanon,  and  all  the  coast  from  Gibail 
to  Saide,  and  E.  as  far  as  Balbec.  Their  country 
is  about  100  sq.  leagues  in  extent,  and  contains 
120,000  inhabitants,  of  whom  about  40,000  are 
able  to  bear  arms.  They  are  divided  into  a  num- 
ber of  religious  sects,  some  of  which  entertain 
•very  peculiar  opinions.  The  government  seems 
to  be  a  mixed  form,  in  which  the  emir  or  prince  is 
the  chief,  uniting  in  his  own  person  the  civil  and 
military  powers.  The  Druses  are  in  general 
tierce,  restless,  and  enterprising :  their  bravery 
even  approaches  to  temerity.  They  pay  tribute 
to  the  Turks. 

Druten,  v.  Netherlands,  8  m.  W.  N.  W.  Nime- 
§*uen. 

Druyn,  t.  on  the  Ivory  coast  of  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Andrew.    Lon.  4°  5'  W. 

Dryburgh,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Tweed,  in  Ber- 
wickshire. 

Dryden,  p-t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  on  Seneca 
lake,  36  m.  S.  Auburn,  170  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
1,890. 

Drygalkn,  t.  E.  Prussia,  24  m.  S.  W.  Oletzko. 
Lon.  22'^  6'  25"  E.  Lat.  53^  40'  29"  N. 

Dryridge,  p-v.  Pendleton  co  Ken. 

Dschaabar.    See  Giabbar. 

Dsjar,  s-p.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  on  the  Red  sea, 
supposed  to  be  tlie  Ezio7igeber  mentioned  in 
scripture.     67  m.  W.  Medina.     Lat.  33°  36'  N. 

Dsjobla,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  60  m.  N.  E. 
Mocha. 

D^of,  ail  exteiitive  province  «f  Arabia,  in  Ye» 


men,  divided  into  3  districts.  Mareb  is  its  prin- 
cipal town. 

Duanesburg,  p-t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y.  23  m. 
W.  Albany.  Pop.  3,052.  It  is  an  elevated  tract, 
being  400  or  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Plud- 
son,  and  commands  a  most  extensive  prospect.  In 
Mad  creek,  a  branch  of  Norman's  kill,  there  is  a 
perpendicular  fall  of  70  feet. 

Duara,  t.  Austrian  Dalmatia,  20  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Spalatro.     Lon.  15°  20'  E.  Lat.  43°  23'  N. 

Duben,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  road  from  Leipzic  to 
Berlin,  and  on  the  banks  oftheMulda.  Popula- 
tion 2,200.  18  miles  N.  E.  Leipzic,  and  18  S.  E. 
of  Wittenberg.     Lon.  12°  35'  E.  Lat.  51°  25'  N. 

Dubitza,  t.  and  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  Unna, 
near  its  influx  into  the  Save,  and  opposite  the 
Austrian  town  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  6,000. 
12  m.  N.  E.  Kostainitza.  Lon.  16°  45'  E.  Lat.  45° 
11' N. 

Dublin,  CO.  Ireland,  bounded  E.  by  the  Irish  sea, 
N.  by  Meath,  W.  by  Meath  and  Kildare,  and  S. 
by  Wicklow.  It  contains  355  square  miles,  or 
228,21 1  acres.  The  southern  part  of  the  county 
is  rocky  and  mountainous,  in  other  parts  it  is  flat. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Dublin  the  lands  are  fertile  and 
luxuriant,  but  in  more  remote  parts  agriculture  is 
not  in  a  flourishing  state.     Pop.  in  1790,  210,000. 

Dublin,  the  metropolis  of  Ireland,  is  situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  Liffey,  within  a  mile  of  Dublin 
bay,  which  is  of  a  circular  form,  and  about  six  miles 
in  diameter.  Though  spacious,  this  bay  is  not  safe, 
being  exposed  to  winds  from  the  E.  and  S.  E.  but 
this  defect  has  been  in  part  obviated  by  a  very  strong 
wall  of  cut  stone,  extending  3  miles  directly  into 
the  bay.  The  Liffey  is  embanked  on  either  side 
with  a  noble  wall  of  freestone,  forming  a  range  of 
beautiful  and  spacious  quays  through  the  whole-city. 
Besides  the  advantages  resulting  from  the  vicinity 
of  Dublin  to  the  sea,  there  are  two  canals  which 
terminate  here,  and  open  an  extensive  inland  com- 
munication with  various  seaports  at  opposite  ex- 
tremities of  the  island.  These  canals  are  naviga- 
ted by  boats  of  60  tons  burden,  and  by  means  rf 
them  extensive  districts  in  Ireland  are  supplied 
with  foreign  goods  from  Dublin.  The  amount  of 
import  duties  alone,  paid  here  in  1817,  was 
945,000Z.  Few  cities  can  boast  of  a  greater  num- 
ber of  magnificent  and  useful  buildings ;  among 
these  are  the  castle,  near  the  centre  of  the  city  ; 
the  Royal  Exchange,  a  beautiful  edifice,  of  Port- 
land stone  ;  the  Commercial  buildings  ;  the  new- 
ly erected  Corn-exchange ;  the  Linen  hall,  a  vast 
and  massy  pile  of  buildings,  forming  a  magazine 
for  this  staple  manufacture  of  Ireland ;  the  cus- 
tom house,  finished  in  1790,  at  an  expense  of 
255,000/. ;  the  government  wet  docks  ;  the  stamp 
office  and  post  office ;  Nelson's  pillar,  a  fluted 
column  130  feet  high  ;  the  Parliament-house,  now 
converted  into  the  national  bank;  the  court  of 
justice,  and  Trinity  college.  Trinity  college  is  a 
university  founded  by  queen  Elizabeth,  and  con- 
sisting of  a  provost,  seven  senior  and  eighteen  jun- 
ior fellows,  and  seventy  scholars.  Besides  these, 
there  are  variotis  royal,  and  privately  endowed  as 
well  as  university  professorships.  Graduates  and 
students  in  any  one  of  the  three  universities  of  Ox- 
ford, Cambridge,  and  Dublin,  are  by  established 
usage  admitted  ad  eundtm  in  either  of  the  other  two. 
The  number  of  students  in  1818  was  1,209.  The 
library  contains  68,946  volumes.  The  university 
sends  one  member  to  parliament.  Dublin  con-- 
tains  19  parishes,  2  catliedrals,  19  parish  church- 
es, besides  several  chaptJls  of  the  cstablisked  relf 


D  U  F 


D  U  M 


229 


''iou ;  2  meeting-houses  of  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
?  of  other  dissenters,  4  of  Methodists,  2  of  Qua- 
kers, 1  Lutheran  Danish,  1  French  Calvinist,  and 
about  26  Roman  Catholic  chapels.  The  city  of 
Dublin  returns  two  members  to  parliament. 
Houses,  16,458.  Pop.  187,939.  60  m.  W.  Holy- 
head in  Wales,  330  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  6°  15' 
W.  Lat.  53°  21'  N. 

JDublin,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  34  m.  S.  W. 
Concord,  12  E.  S.  E.  Keene.  Pop.  1,184.  In 
tliis  town  is  Grand  Monadnock  mountain. 

Dublin,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  970. 

Dublin,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop,  820. 

Dublin,  Lower,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
2,194. 

Dublin,  Upper,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  10  m.  N. 
E.Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,050. 

Dublin,  p-t.  and  cap.  Laurens  co.  Geo.  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Oconee,  55  m.  fr.  Milledgeville. 

Dublin,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river, 
12m.N.  W.Columbus. 

Dubno,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Irwa. 
Pop.  6,600.  The  majority  are  Jews,  who  carry 
on  an  extensive  trade  in  cattle,  wood,  and  raw 
produce.  24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lucko.  Lon.  32°  45'  38" 
E.  Lat.  43°  21' 55"  N. 

Duboi,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  35'  E. 
Lat.  22°  4'  N. 

Dubois,  CO.  Indiana. 

Dubosari,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  on  the 
Dniester,  30  m.  N.  W.  Bender. 

Duhose' s ferry,  p-v.  Sumpter  co.  S.  C. 

Dvhrouna,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Mohilev,  on  the 
Dnieper.     Pop.  2,400.     50  m.  N.  Mohilev. 

Dubrovnik.    See  Ragvsa. 

Ducato,  Cape,  in  the  Ionian  sea,  the  S.  point  of 
the  island  of  Santa  Maura. 

Duchat,  small  r;  Indiana,  flows  from  the  N.  into 
the  Wabash,  between  Fort  Harrison  and  Tippe- 
canoe creek. 

Duchene,  r.  Lower  Canada,  runs  from  the  N. 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  opposite  Isle  Jesus.  Lon. 
71°  54'  W.  Lat.  46°  45'  N. 

Duchenparah^  t.  Cashmere.  Lon.  74°  58'  E. 
Lat.  34°  51' N. 

Duck,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Cumberland  mountains,  and  running  N.  W. 
flows  into  the  Tennessee  57  m.  W.  Nashville,  in 
lat.  36°  N.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  90  miles. 

Duck  river,  small  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which 
flows  into  the  W.  side  of  Green-bay,  about  3  miles 
from  Fort-Howard. 

Duck  creek.     See  Smyrna. 

Duck  creek,  hundred,  Kent  co.  Del.    Pop.  3,690. 

Duck  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  Ohio  river,  a  mile 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum. 

Duckinjield,  t.  Eng,  Cheshire,  6  m.  N.  E.  Stock- 
port.    Pop.  3,053. 

Duddingston,  v.  Scotland,  Edinburgh  co. 

Duderstadt,  t.  Hanover,  14m.E.N.E.Gottingen. 

Dudley,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester  co.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  principally  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
Df  nails  and  other  articles  of  iron.  Pop.  in  1811, 
13,925.  8i  m.  W.  Birmingham,  and  118  N.  W. 
London. 

Dudley,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S. 
Worcester.     Pop.  1,226. 

Dvdswell,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
3t.  Francis  river,  20  m.  N.  E.  Ascot. 

Duero.     See  Douro. 

Duff  Point,  cape,  in  Broughton's  archipelago, 
>n  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.    Lat.  50°  4«'  N. 

Duff'' s forks,  p-y.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 


Duff^a  Group,  islands,  11  in  number,  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  discovered  by  capt.  Wilson,  in  his 
missionary  voyage  in  the  ship  Dufl!  Lon.  167° 
E.  Lat.  9°  57'  S. 

Dugga,  (an  Thugga)  t.  Tunis,  70  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Tunis. 

Duin,  s-p.  Carniola,  in  the  gulf  of  Trieste  8  m. 
N.  W.  Trieste.     Lon.  13^  37'  E.  Lat.  45°  53'  N. 

Duino,  r.  Quito,  which  falls  into  the  Aguarico 
in  Lon.  76°  6'  W.  lat.  0°  4'  N. 

Duisburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine,  13 
m.  N.  Dusseldorf,  and  35  N.  W.  of  Cologne.  Lon. 
6°  45'  39"  E.  Lat.  51°  26'  4"  N.     Pop,  4,000. 

Duke''s  CO.  Mass.  comprises  Martha's  Vineyard 
island,  Chabaquiddick  island,  Noman's  island  and 
the  Elizabeth  Islands.  Pop.  3,290.  Chief  town, 
Edgartown. 

Duke  of  Gloucester'' s  Islands,  2  small  islands  in 
the  Pacific  ocean.  Lat.  20°  38'  S.  Lon.  146°  W. 
Duke  of  York's  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  ly- 
ing in  St.  George's  channel,  which  divides  New 
Ireland  and  New  Britain.  Lon.  151°  20'  E.  Lat. 
4°  9'  S.  There  is  another  island  of  this  name  in 
lon.  187°  30'  E.  Lat.  7°  56'  S.  Another  cluster 
of  islands  in  lon.  227°  15'  to  228°  15'  E.  lat.  55°  50' 
to  56°  34'  N. 

Duke's  Toum.     See  Old  Calabar. 
Dulce,  r.  Costa  Rica,  which  runs  into  the  Span- 
ish main.    Lon.  84°  16'  W.  Lat.  8°  33'  N. 

Duke,  a  river  of  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the 
Atlantic  in  lat.  16°  S. 

Dulce  Gulf,  on  the  coast  of  Vera  Paz,  connect- 
ed by  a  strait  with  the  bay  of  Hojiduras.  Lon. 
89°50' W.  Lat,150  18'N. 

Dulcigno,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Upper  Albania, 
on  the  Adriatic,  17  m.  S.  W.  Scutari.  Lon.  18° 
56'  E.  Lat.  42°  23'  N. 

Duleek,  v.  Ireland,  Meath  co.  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Drogheda. 

Dulken,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ju- 
liers.     Pop.  4,000. 

Dulmen,t.  Westphalia,  16  m.  S.  W.  Munster 
Lon.  7°  15' E.  Lat.  51°  50' N. 

Dulverton,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  13  m.  fr.  South 
Moulton. 

Dulwich,  V.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  5  m.  S.  E.  London. 
Dumbarton,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Perth- 
shire, E.  by  Stirling  and  Lanark,  S.  by  the  river 
Clyde  and  Renfrewshire,  and  W.  by  Lochlong,  an 
arm  of  the  sea,,  and  by  Argyleshire.  It  consists 
of  two  detached  portions,  separated  by  an  interval 
of  six  miles.  It  contains  230  square  miles,  or 
147,000  English  acres.  Pop.  in  1811,  21,739. 
Upwards  of  3,000  persons  of  both  sexes  are  em- 
ployed in  manufactures. 

Dumbarton,  t.  Scotland,  cap.  of  Dumbarton  co, 
is  situated  near  the  confluence  of  the  Leven  with 
the  Clyde.  The  principal  manufacture  is  crown- 
glass,  in  which  300  persons  are  employed,  and 
about  17,000  tons  of  coal  consumed  annually. 
The  ancient  castle  of  Dumbarton  is  on  a  lofty  and 
precipitous  rock,  and  was  formerly  considered  as 
the  key  to  the  West  Highlands.  Pop.  3,170.  15 
m.  W.  Glasgow. 

Dumboo.     See  Domboo. 

Dumfries,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Lanark, 
E.  by  Peebles,  Selkirk,  and  Roxburgh,  S.  by  the 
Solway  frith  and  the  English  border,  and  W.  by 
the  counties  of  Kirkcudbright  and  Ayr.  It  con- 
tains 1,023  square  miles,  or  644,385  acres. 
Pop.  inl811,  62,960.  Families,  12,694;  of  which 
number  3,862  were  engaged  in  agriculture,  anr' 
i:435  m  trade  and  manufactures. 


230 


DUN 


DUN 


Dumfries,  a  royal  burgh  in  Scotland,  cap.  of 
Dumfries  co.  is  on  the  Nith,  about  9  miles  from  its 
influx  into  the  Sol  way  frith.  Pop.  9,262.  76  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Glasgow,  71  S.  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Dumfries^  p-t.  port  of  entry  and  cap.  Prince 
William  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side  of  Quantico  creek, 
4  miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  Potomac,  33  m. 
S.  Washington,  90  N.  Richmond.  Lon.  77°  28' 
W.  Lat.  38°  40'  N.  The  public  buildings  are  a 
courthouse  and  jail,  and  a  church.  The  amount 
of  shipping  in  1815,  was  1,743  tons. 

Dummar,  t.  Syria,  4  m.  W.  Damascus. 

Dummer,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  95  m.  N.  Concord. 

Dummersee,  small  lake  of  Westphalia,  between 
the  territories  of  Munster,  Osnabruck  and  Die- 
pholtz. 

Dummerston,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  3  m.  N.  Brattleboro',  38  S.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,704. 

Dumpalis,  spacious  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ce- 
lebes. 

Dun  le  Rot,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  on  the  Auron, 
15  m.  S.  E.  Bourges.  Lon.  2°  34'  21"  E.  Lat.  46° 
53' 5'' N- 

Dmiaburg,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Witepsk,  on  the 
Dwina,  80  m.  W.  N.  W.  Potolsk,  256  S.  S.  W.  St 
Petersburg.     Lon.  26°  14'  E.  Lat.  56°  5'  N. 

Dunamunde,  fort.  Russia,  on  the  Dwina,  at  the 
influx  of  that  river  into  the  gulf  of  Riga,  15  m.  N. 
W.  Riga.     Lon.  23°  40"  E.  Lat.  57°  5'  N. 

Dunmiy  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the 
isle  of  Sky  e.     Lon.  6°  14'  W.     Lat.  57°  9'  N. 

Dunbar,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Haddington,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  frith  of  Fortii.  The  harbour  is  safe, 
but  of  difficult  access.  West  from  the  harbour 
stands  the  venerable  ruins  of  the  castle.  Pop.  in 
1819,  4,499  ;  27  m.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Dunbarton,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Merrimack,  9  m.  S.  W.  Concord,  18  N.  Amherst. 
Pop.  1,256. 

Dunbeath,  r.  Scotland,  in  Caithness,  which  runs 
into  the  sea  8  m.  N.  E.  of  the  Ord  of  Caithness. 

Dunblane,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perth  co,  on  the  Al- 
lan. Pop.  2,733  ;  6  m.  N.  Stirling,  41  N.  W.  Edin- 
burgh.    Lon.  3°  59'  E.  Lat.  56°  12'  N. 

Duncan'' s  Canal,  inlet  on  an  island  off  the  N. 
W.  coast  of  America,  in  lat.  56°  58'  N. 

Duncan's  Passage,  strait  between  the  Great 
and  Little  Andaman  islands. 

Duncannon,  t.  and  fort,  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  6 
m.  fr.  Waterford. 

Duncansboro\  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Mem- 
phramagog;  48  m.  N.  Montpelier.  Pop.  112. 

Duncansbay  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  the  N.  E. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Great  Britain.  Lon.  2° 
53'  W.  Lat.  58°  33'  N. 

Duncansville,  p-v.  Barnwell  co.  S.  C. 

Dunda  Rajpour,  s-p.  Hind.  36  m.  S.  Bombay. 

Dundah  Rajipore  s-p.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon. 
72°  55'  E.  Lat  18°  19'  N. 

Dundalk,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Louth  co.  onJDundalk 
bay,  in  the  Irish  channel.  Pop.  15,000,  40  m.  N. 
Dublin.  Lon.  6°  23'  W.  Lat.  54°  12'  N. 

Dundas,  co.  Uji.  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
between  Greenville  co.  on  the  W.  and  St.  Ormont 
CO.  on  the  E. 

Dundas  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  54°  30'  N. 

Dundee,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Forfarshire,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  frith  of  Tay,  12  ra.  fr.  its  mouth,  Tlie 
harbour  is  commodious,  and  has  lately  been  im- 
proved. About  134  vessels  belong  to  the  port, 
which  employ  nearly  1,300  seameu.    The  inhab- 


itants are  chiefly  engaged  in  tlie  lineri  manufac- 
ture. Considerable  quantities  of  sack  cloth  and 
cotton  bagging  are  also  made  for  exportation.  Pop. 
in  1811,  30,989  ;  40  m.  N.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3°  2' 
55"  W.  Lat.  56°  27'  23"  N. 

Dundojutld,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  3i  m.  S. 
Irvine. 

Dundrum,  v.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  6  m.  S.  W. 
Downpatrick. 

Dunes,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Agen. 

Dunfermline,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  about  2i 
m.  N.  of  the  frith  of  Forth.  It  has  been  long  fa- 
mous for  different  branches  of  weaving,  but  par- 
ticularly of  table  linen  The  number  of  looms 
employed  in  this  branch  in  1818  was  1,500.  The 
average  value  of  the  linen  manufactured  here  is 
120,000/.  yearly.  Quantities  of  cotton  goods,  are 
likewise  wove  for  Glasgow  and  Paisley.  Dun- 
fermline is  a  royal  burgh.  Here  are  the  remains 
of  the  most  celebrated  abbey  in  Scotland.  Pop. 
6,000 ;  16  m.  N.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Dungally,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes. 

Dungannon,  t.  Ireland,  Tyrone  co.  Pop.  4,000. 
11  m.  N,  Armagh,  72  N.  W.  Dublin. 

Dungannn,  t  Ireland,  on  a  bay,  21  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Waterford.     Lon.  7°  39'  W.  Lat.  52°  3'N. 

Dungen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant)^  4 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Oosterhout. 

Dungeness,  cape,  Eng.  in  the  English  channel . 
Lat.  50°  53'  N. 

Dungeness,  Xew,  point  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  New  Geor- 
gia.    Lat.  48°  15'  N. 

Dungeness  Point,  cape,  at  the  E.  entrance  int© 
the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  68°  28'  W.  Lat.  52° 
28'  S. 

Dungiven,  v.  Ireland,  14  m.  E.  Londonderry. 

Dunliam,  t.  Bedford  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  W.  branch  of  the  Yamaska.  It  is  a  fertile  tract 
of  country.     Pop.  1,600. 

Dunheved.     See  Launceston. 

Dunkard,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,055- 

Dunkardstown.    See  Ephrata. 

Dunkeld,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perth,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Tay.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Cale- 
donia, The  principal  manufactures  are  linea 
and  yarn.  Pop.  1,260 ;  13  m.  N.  Perth,  55  N, 
Edinburgh. 

Dunkirk,  s-p.  in  French  Flanders.  It  is  the  on- 
ly harbour  of  France,  in  the  North  aea,  and  the 
most  convenient  port  for  receiving  the  numerous 
merchantmen  captured  in  time  of  war  from  the 
English  and  Dutch.  Large  sums  have  been  spent 
on  the  fortifications,  and  in  forming  a  harbour  and 
docks.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade.  It  was 
restored  to  the  privilege  of  a  free  port  in  1816  ;  25 
m.  N.  E.  Calais,  and  40  N.  W.  Lille.  Lon.  2°  22' 
37"  E.  Lat.  5 1  °  2'  9"  N.     Pop.  26,000. 

Dunkirk,  v.  in  Pomfret,  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  Erie,  7  miles  from  the  head  of  Casada  lake, 
43  m.  fr.  Buffalo.  It  affords  the  only  harbor  on  the 
lake  between  Buffalo  and  Erie.  At  this  place 
there  is  a  portage  between  the  waters  of  Lake 
Erie  and  those  of  Ohio  river  of  only  7  miles  to 
Casada  Lake. 

Dunkirk,  L  King  and  Queen  co.  Va.  25  m.  S, 
Portroyal,  116  fr.  Washington. 

Dunklin's,  p-v.  Newbury  co.  S.  C. 

Dunlarin,  t.  Ireland,  Wicklow  co.  10  m.  N.  E. 
Athy,  32,  fr.  Dublin. 

Dunleary,  s-p.  Ireland,  5  ra.  fr.  Dublin. 

Dimlop,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire.  5  m.  8.  Beith 


D  U  R 


D  U  R 


231 


Dunmanaimy,  t.  Ireland,  23  m.  S.  W.  Cork. 

Danmannns  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  40'  W.  Lat.  51^  30'  N. 

Dunmore  Head,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, said  to  be  the  most  western  land  in  Europe. 
Lon.  9°  35'  W.  Lat.  52°  6'  N. 

Dunrnow,  Greaty  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  37  m.  N.  N. 
E.  London.     Pop.  2,015. 

Dunmaw,  Little,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex.  Pop.  264  ;  2 
m.  E.  Great  Dunmow. 

Dunnet,  bay  and  promontory,  Scotland,  in 
Caithness.  Dunnet  head  is  found,  according  to 
some  observations,  to  be  the  most  N.  point  of 
Britain. 

Dunning,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  9  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Perth. 

Dunning,  St.  or  Malta,  p-v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 

Dunnose,  cape,  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  the  isle  of 
Wight.  Lon.  1°  11'  W.  Lat.  50°  37'  N. 

Dunnottar,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kincardine. 

Dunnsburg,  p-v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

Dunoon,  v.  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  frith  of  Clyde. 

Dunse,  t.  Scotland,  in  Berwick.  Pop.  2,500. 
15  m.  W.  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  42  S.  E.  Edin- 
burgh. 

Dunstable,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire.  Pop.  1,616. 
20  m.  S.  Bedford,  33  N.  N.  W.  London. 

Dunstable,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  12  m.  S.  E.  Amherst, 
40N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,049. 

Dunstable,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Merrimack,  37  m.  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
475. 

Dunstable,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  515. 

Dunster,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset.  Pop.  868.  21  m. 
W.  Bridge  water. 

Dunwick,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  sea  coast, 
30  m.  N.  E.  Ipswich. 

Dunwick,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

Dupage,  lake,  Indiana,  is  the  expansion  of  the 
river  Des  Planes,  5  miles  before  it  meets  the  Kan- 
kakee. 

Duplin,  CO.  in  Wilmington  district,  N.  C.  Pop. 
7,863.  Slaves,  2,416.  Chief  town,  Sarecto.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-oiSce-  S5  m.  N.  Wil- 
mington. 

Duplin,  Old,  p-v.  Duplin  co.  N.  C. 

Dupplin,  V.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  5  m.  fr. 
Perth. 

Duquella,  a  fertile  province  of  Morocco,  about 
75  miles  in  length,  and  60  in  breadth. 

Duquc.me,  Fort.     See  Pittsburg. 

Duralde,  v.  S.  America,  in  Tucuman,  on  the 
post  road  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  Potosi,  987 
m.  N.  W.  Potosi. 

Durance,  r.  France,  empties  into  the  Rhone  be- 
tween Avignon  and  Tarascon. 

Durand  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  77  m.  N.  Concord. 

Durango,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  15  m.  E.  Bilboa. 

Durango,  an  intendancy  of  Mexico.  It  is 
bounded  N,  by  New  Mexico,  E.  by  San  Luis  Po- 
tosi ;  S.  by  Zacatecas  and  Guadalaxara,  and  W. 
by  Sonora.  It  contains  129,947  sq.  miles,  and  on- 
ly 159,700  inabitants. 

Durango,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendancy  of  Du- 
rango. It  is  the  residence  of  the  intendant  and  of 
I  bishop.  170  leagues  N.  W.  the  city  of  Mexico. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Durant''s  bay,  inlet,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  in  Al- 
3emarle«Qund'.  Lon.  7^°  16'  W.  Lat.  35°  40'  N. 


Durant^s  Island,  small  isl.  in  Albemarle  sound, 
N.  C.     Lon.  76°  15'  W.  Lat.  35°  46'  N. 

Durant^s  Point,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, in  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76°  30'  W.  Lat. 
36°  5'  N. 

Duras,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  10  m. 
N.  Marmande.  Lon.  0°  10'  15"  W.  Lat.  44® 
40' N. 

Durazsano,  L  Naples,  16  m.  N.  E.  Naples. 

Durazzo,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  of  Al- 
bania, in  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Its  harbour  is  com- 
modious for  vessels  of  moderate  size.  Pop.  5,000. 
88  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ragusa.  Lon.  19°  36'  E.  Lat.  41° 
35' N. 

Durbungah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  54'  E. 
Lat.  26°  27' N. 

Durbuy,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Luxemburg,  on  the 
Ourthe,  20  m.  S.  by  W.  Liege.  Lon.  5°  22'  E.  Lat. 
50°  21'  N. 

Duren,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Roer,  15  m. 
E.  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Lon.  6°  23' E.  Lat.  50°  49^ 
N.     Pop.  4,700. 

Duretal,  t.  France,  in  Maine  and  Loire,  8  m.  S. 
W.  La  Fleche. 

Durg,  fort.  Persi^  in  Seistan,  35  m.  N.  Doo- 
shak. 

Durgut,  or  Casaban,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia, 
18  m.  E.  Smyrna. 

Durham,  a  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  North- 
umberland, E.  by  the  German  ocean,  S.  by  York- 
shire, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river 
Tees,  and  W.  by  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland. 
It  contains  1,040  sq.  miles,  or  635,000  acres,  of 
which  144,000  acres  consist  of  heath.  Lead  has 
been  wrought  here  to  a  great  extent  during  seve- 
ral centuries ;  and  in  the  year  1809,  86  mines 
were  open  in  different  parts  of  the  county.  Abun- 
dance of  iron  has  been  obtained  for  a  period  of 
about  350  years.  But  the  most  important  mineral 
is  coal,  which  occupies  a  subterraneous  area,  22 
miles  in  length  by  half  as  much  in  breadth,  and  is 
computed  to  be  the  means  directly  or  indirectly 
of  giving  subsistence  to  26,000  persons,  including 
the  seamen  employed  in  the  vessels  for  exporting 
it.     Pop.  in  1811,  177,625. 

Durham,  city,  Eng.  capital  of  Durham  county, 
on  the  banks  of  the  river  Wear,  by  which  it  is  al- 
most surrounded.  Its  situation  is  fine  and  pictur- 
esque. It  contains  a  venerable  cathedral,  six  par- 
ish churches,  places  of  worship  for  Presbyterians 
and  Methodists,  two  Roman  Catholic  chapels,  and 
a  Quaker  meeting-house.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, who  is  lord  paramount  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1811,  7,953.  16  m.  S.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  132 
S.  Edinburgh,  259  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  33'  W. 
Lat.  54°  54'  N. 

Durham,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  St.  Francis. 

Durham,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the 
Androscoggin,  26  m.  N.  E.  Portland.  Pop.  1,772. 

Durham,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  TI.  on  Oyster  riv- 
er, at  its  junction  with  the  Piscataqua,  11  ra.  W, 
N.  W.  Portsmouth.  Pop.  1,449.  There  is  a  vil- 
lage at  the  falls  of  Oyster  river,  containing  about 
40  houses  and  a  church.  On  the  top  ol  a  hill  in 
this  town  there  is  a  rock,  computed  to  be  of  70  ov 
80  tons  weight,  lying  so  exactly  poised  on  anothev 
rock  as  to  be  easily  moved  with  the  hand. 

Durham,  p-t.  Middlesex  co,  Ct.  7  m.  S.  Middle  - 
town,  18  N.  E.  New-Haven.     Pop.  1,101. 

Durham,  formerly  Freehold,  p-t.  Green  co.  IC 
Y.  on  CatskiU  river.  20  m.  N.  W.  Athens  30  S. 


232 


EAR 


W.  Albany.  Pop.  2,944.  It  contains  1  Metlnj- 
dist  and  2  Presbyterian  churches,  and  a  public  li- 
brary of  4013  volumes, 

Durham,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware, 
12  m.  S.  Easton.     Pop.  404. 

Durlachy  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  formerly  cap. 
of  the  margraviate  of  Baden-Durlach.  Here  is 
the  ducal  castle  of  Karlsburg,  an  elegant  church, 
and  an  academy.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  manu- 
fectory  of  porcelain.  5  m.  E.  Carlsruhe,  15  N.  E. 
Rastadt,  and  32  N.  N.  W.  Stuttgard.  Lon.  8°  31' 
E.  Lat.  48°  39'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Durrenberg,  v.  of  the  Prussian  states,  in  the 
duchy  of  Saxony,  about  1  m.  fr.  Merseburg,  with 
a  great  salt  mine.  Durrenberg  is  likewise  the 
name  of  a  great  salt  mine  in  the  Austrian  states, 
in  the  duchy  of  Saltzburg,  about  a  league  from 
Hallein,  which  yields  annually  nearly  300,000 
cwt.  of  salt. 

Durroiv,  t.  Ireland,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Kilkenny. 

Dursley,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire.  Pop.  2,580. 
15  m.  B.  Gloucester. 

Dusky  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Tavai  Poenam- 
moo,  one  of  the  islands  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  166° 
48' E.  Lat.  45040^8. 

Dussara,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat. 

Dusseldarf,  t.  now  subject  to  Prussia,  on  the 
Rhine,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dussel.  It  has  a 
castle,  which  contains  a  celebrated  gallery  of 
paintings,  comprising  the  chef  cfwuvres  of  Ru- 
bens, Vandyk,  Vanderwerf,  and  other  Flemish 
masters.  Here  are  several  elegant  churches,  ex- 
tensive barracks,  and  pleasant  public  walks,  and 
an  academy  for  paintings.  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Co- 
logne, 30  N.  E.  Aix-la-Chapellc,  and  62  S.  W. 
Munster.  Lon.  6°  46'  25"  E.  Lat.  51°  13'  42"  N. 
Pop,  19,000. 

Dussemond,  v.  Prussian  states,  near  the  Moselle, 
4  m.  N.  W.  Veldentz. 


E  A  S 

Duit,  or  Dustee,  r.  Persia,  flows  through  the 
province  of  Mekran  into  the  Indian  ocean. 

Dutchess,  CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Hud- 
son, bounded  N.  by  Columbia  co.  E.  by  Connecti- 
cut, S.  by  Putnam  co.  and  W.  by  the  Hudson, 
which  separates  it  from  Orange  and  Ulster  coun- 
ties.    Pop.  51,412.     Chief  town,  Poughkeepsie. 

Dutlingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Danube,  25 
m.  N.  W.  Constance.  Lon.  8°  49'  50"  E.  Lat  47° 
59' 2"  N.     Pop.  3,760. 

Dutotsburg,  p-t  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Duly''s,  p-v.  Sumner  co.  'Tennessee. 

Dutysville,  p-v,  Sumner  co.  Tennessee. 

Duxborough,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  10  ni.  N. 
Plymouth,  38  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  2,201.  A  num- 
ber of  vessels  are  owned  here,  and  employed  in 
the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries. 

Duxbury,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  riv- 
er, 13  m.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  326. 

Duyvelattd,  isl.  Netherlands,  in  the  province  of 
Zealand.     Lon.  3°  51'  E.    Lat  51°  41'  N. 

Dwaraca,  t.  in  Hind.  Gujerat.  Lon,  69°  15'  E. 
Lat  22°  21'  N. 

Dwina,  a  large  river  of  Russia,  which  rises  on 
the  borders  of  the  governments  of  Pskov  and 
Tver,  and  falls  into  the  gulf-of  Riga  at  Dunamun- 
de,  a  few  miles  below  Riga. 

Dvrina,  a  large  river  of  European  Russia,  which 
falls,  by  two  arms,  into  the  White  sea,  a  little  N. 
W.  Archangel. 

Dyberry,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa,     Pop.  31 8. 

Dyer's  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  N.  America. 
Lon.  66°  10'  W.  Lat.  65°  20'  N. 

Dyle,  r.  Netherlands,  unites  a  little  below 
Mechlin  with  the  Demer,  to  form  the  Ruppel. 

Dysart,  borough,  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  14  m.' 
N.  E.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1,729. 

Dsidza,  t,  Albania,  18  m.  fr.  Delvinaki. 


E. 


Eagle,  t  Hockliocking  co.  Ohio. 

Eagle,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

Eagle,  creek,  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Ohio  river 
10  m.  below  Maysville,  Kfentucky. 

Eagle  Island,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon. 
9°54' W.  Lat.  540  17' N. 

Eagle  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  N.  E. 
coast  of  New  Holland,  Lat.  14°  32'  S. 

Eagle  River,  a  river  of  North  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Mississippi.  Lon.  92°  14'  W.  Lat. 
43°  50'  N. 

Eaglesham,  v.  Scotland,  in  Renfrewshire,  9  m. 
S.  Glasgow. 

Eagleville,  v.  in  Manlius,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  1^ 
m.  E.  Manlius  village. 

Eaglexilk,  t.  Marengo  co.  Alabama,  on  the 
Tombigbee,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Black  war- 
rior. A  settlement  is  formed  here  by  French  em- 
igrants. 

Ealing,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  6  m.  W.  N.  W. 
London. 

Eardley,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Ottawa 
river,  N.  W,  of  Montreal. 

£Bri,tBerliBco.Pa.    Pop.794» 


Earl,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa,  on  ConcBtago  creek" 
Pop,  4,218. 

Earl  Shiltffn,  v.  Eng.  9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Leicester. 

EarVs  Ferry,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  coast  of  Fife,  i 
a  mile  fr.  Ely. 

Earhtown,  v.  Scotland,  in  Berwickshire,  34  m. 
S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Earne,  r.  Scotland,  which  issues  from  the  east 
end  of  loch  Earn,  in  Perthshire,  and  falls  into  the 
Tay  about  a  mile  below  Abemethy. 

Earthquake,  lake,  Missouri,  40  m.  W.  New- 
Madrid,  which  communicates  with  St  Francis 
river. 

Easingfon,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  7  m.  N,  Whit- 
by,    Another,  5  m.  fr.  Clitheroe. 

Easingwold,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  H  m.  N.  N. 
W.  York. 

East  Andorcr,  t,  Oxford  co,  Maine,  30  m.  N,  W. 
Paris. 

East  Bothnia,  East  Gothland,  &c.  See  Both-^ 
nia,  Gothland,  &c. 

Eastbranch,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  little 
Miami  9  m.  above  its  mouth. 

East-Bridgemter,  p-v.  Plymou*  co,  Mass. 


E  A  S 

East  Greenwich,  p-t.  Kent  co.  R.  I.     Pop.  1,530. 

East  Guilford,  p-v.  in  Guilford,  Ncw-ilaven  co. 
Ct.  -    " 

Easiham,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  24  m.  N.  E. 
Barnstable,  89  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  751. 

Eastern  district,  the  N.  E.  part  of  Up.  Canada, 
between  Ottawa  river  and  the  St.  Lawrence; 
its  W.  boundary  is  a  meridian  passing  through 
the  mouth  of  Cananoque  creek,  in  Leeds. 

East  Florida,.     See  Florida. 

East  Chester,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  S. 
White-plains,  20  N.  New- York.     Pop.  1,039. 

East  district,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  805. 

Eusthampton,  t.  Hampsh.te  co.  Mass.  5  m.  S. 
Northampton.     Pop.  66<>. 

EasthamptoT),  p-l.  Si'ffolk  co,  N.  Y.  comprises 
the  southern  proiv.ontory  at  the  E.  end  of  Long-Isl- 
and, terminating  in  Montauk  point,  and  includes 
G  rdiner's  Island.  35  m.  E.  Rivei'head,  112  E. 
^lew-York.  lop.  1,484.  ^ee  Long-Island,  Mon- 
tauk point,  and  Gardiner'' s  Island.  Clinton  Acad- 
emy, established  in  this  town,  is  a  flourishing  in- 
stitution. 

East-Hartford,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Hartford,  with 
■which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  Pop.  3,240. 
It  contains  4  churches,  2  for  Congregationalists,  1 
for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Methodists.  Here  are  nu- 
merous mills  and  manufactures.  About  |  of  a 
mile  from  the  river  is  a  wide  street  compactly 
settled,  with  a  row  of  stately  elms  in  the  middle 
extending  2  miles. 

Easl-Haddam,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  14  m.  S.  Middletown, 
21  N.  W^.  New-London.  Pop.  2,537.  It  contains 
4  churches,  3  for  Congregationalists  and  1  for 
Episcopalians. 

East-Haven,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  30. 

East-Haven,  t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  on  Long-Isl- 
and Sound,  4  m.  E.  New-Haven.     Pop.  1,209. 

East  Kingston,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  21  m. 
S.  W.  Portsmouth.     I'op.  442. 

East  Lothian.     See  Haddington,  County  of. 

East  Main,  that  part  of  New  Britain,  or  Labra- 
dor, which  lies  on  the  east  side  of  James'  bay. 
East  Main-house,  a  station  for  the  Indian  fur  trade, 
is  on  a  river  of  this  name  flowing  into  James'  baj'. 
Lon.  78°  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  15'  N. 

East  Meath.     See  Meath. 

East  Minot,  p-t,  Cumberland  co.  Maine. 

East  Point,  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lat.  10°  42'  S. 

East  river,  N.  Y.  is  the  strait  through  which 
Long-Island  Sound  communicates  with  New- York 
bay.  Its  width  at  New-York  is  |  of  a  mile.  It  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  any  burden.  The  strait 
called  Hell-gate  is  in  this  river. 

East  river,  port  of  entry,  Va.  Amount  of  ship- 
ping in  1815,  1,788  tons. 

East  river,  W.  Florida,  which  runs  into  Pensa- 
cola  bay.     Lon.  86°  50'  W.  Lat.  30°  34'  N. 

Eastboorne,  t.  England,  in  Sussex,  62  m.  S.  S.  E. 
London. 

Eastcnelle.     See  Oosfenalah. 

Easter  Good,  parish  Eng.  in  Essex,  30  m.  N.  E. 
London. 

Easter  Island,  or  DarWs  Land,  isl.  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  containing  14  square  miles,  Lon. 
109°  29'  20"  W.  Lat.  27°  9'  23'"'  S. 

Eastermost  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  qf  Hondu- 
ras.    Lon.  87°  48'  W.  Lat.  17°  15'  N." 

Eastern,  t.  Chenango  co.  N  Y. 

30 


EAT 


233 


Eastern  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  side  of  Chesapeake 
bay.     Lon.  76°  20'  W.  Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Eastern  JS'ecfc.  small  isl.  Md.  at  the  mouth  of 
Chester  river. 

Easterton,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  pf 
the  Susquehannah,  4  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

Easton,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  10  m.  N.  Taunton, 
22  S.  Boston.     Pop.  1,557. 

Easton,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 16  m.  S.  W.  Salem,  27  N.  Albany.  Pop.  3,253> 

Easton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  Delaware,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lehigh,  12  m  N.  E.  Bethlehem,  58  N.  Phila- 
delpliia.  Pop.  1,657.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy  and  2 
banks.  There  is  a  bridge  over  the  Delaware  at 
this  place,  570  feet  long. 

Easton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Talbot  co.  Md.  is  on 
Treadhaven  creek,  12  miles  above  its  junction 
witli  the  Choptank,  42  m.  E.  S.  E.  Annapolis,  37 
S.  Chester.  It  is  the  largest  town  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Maryland,  and  a  place  of  considerable 
business.  It  contains  a  bank,  academy,  arsenal, 
court-house,  jail,  2  printing  offices,  and  4  houses 
for  public  worship;  1  for  Methodists,  1  for  Episco- 
palians, 1  for  Friends,  and  1  for  blacks.  Pop. 
about  1,500. 

Easiport,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Washington  co. 
Maine,  on  Passamaquoddy  bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Cobscook  river,  41  ra.  E.  N.  E.  Machias,  279  E. 
N.  E.  Portland.  The  town  includes  Moose  island 
and  several  other  islands,  and  is  favoi'ably  situated 
for  commerce.  Pop.  in  1810,  1,511.  The  amount 
of  shipping  in  Passamaquoddy  district,  in  1816, 
was  7,375  tons.     Common  tides  rise  here  25  feet. 

East  Sudbury,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mas?.  18  m. 
W.  Boston.     Pop.  824. 

East  town,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  587. 

East  Union,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  WoOs- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,  300. 

East  VVhitcland,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

East-Windsor,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  8  m.  N.  Hartford,  Pop. 
3,081.  It  contains  4  churches,  3  for  Congregation- 
alists and  1  for  Episcopalians.  The  distillery  of 
gin  here  is  probably  the  largest  in  the  Unifed 
States.  In  this  town  is  Warehouse  point,  at  the 
head  of  sloop-navigation  on  Connecticut  river,  13 
m.  above  Hartford. 

Eastwood,  V.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire,  8  m.  N. 
W.  Nottingham. 

Eaton,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  84  m-. 
S.  S.  E.  Three-Rivei-s.     Pop.  about  600. 

Eaton,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  49  m.  N.  E.  Con- 
cord,    Pop,  535. 

■Eaton,  p-t  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  S.  W,  Uti- 
ca,  120  AV.  Albany.     Pop.  2,263. 

Eaton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  on -St 
Clair's  creek  within  |  of  a  mile  of  old  Fort  St 
Clair,  24  m.  W.  Dayton,  90  W.  Columbus. 

Eaton  Bray,  v.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  35  m.  N.  London; 

Eatoyi's  JVeck,  the  N.  extremity  of  Huntington, 
in  Suffolk  CO.  on  Long-Island,  N.  Y.  where  a  light- 
house is  erefcted. 

Eaton  Socon,  v.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  55  m.  N  Lon- 
don. 

Eatontown,  v.  in  Shrewsbury,  Monmouth  co.  N, 
J.  1  m.  from  the  town  of  Shrewsbury. 

Eatonton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Putnam  co.  Geo:  22  m. 
N.  W.  Milledgeville.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail.  Union  Academy  is  establr>he<l  about  H 
mile^  from  the  town. 


234 


E  C  t 


Eause,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  20  m.  S.  W.  Condom, 
Lou.  0°  4'  E.  Lat,  45°  55'  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

Ebal,  Mount,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  summit  in  the 
Mount  Ephraim  range  of  hills,  near  Shechem,  and 
on  the  A".  Side  of  a  valley  about  200  paces  wide, 
having  Mount  Gerizzim  on  the  S.  It  is  a  naked 
barren  rock. 

Ebbsfleet,  (an.  Wyppedsjleef,)  hamlet,  Eug.  in 
the  isle  of  TJiunet,  Kent  co.  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Stour. 

Ebeltoft^  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Cattegat,  15  m.  N.  N.  E.  Aarhuus. 
Lon.  10°  41'  E.  Lat.  56°  11'  N. 

Ebenezcr,  creek,  Geo.  runs  S.  E.  and  falls  into 
Savannah  river  at  E'ocnezer. 

Ebenezcr,  t.  Effingham  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah 
river,  25  ra.  N,  N.  W.  Savannah.  It  was  settled 
in  1735,  by  Protestants  from  Germany. 

Ebenfort,  t.  and  castle.  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Leytha,  18  m.  S.  Vienna. 

Ebensburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  wa- 
tered by  the  Conemangh,  75  m.  E.  Pittsburg. 

Eberach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Red- 
hitz,  3  m.  S.  of  Bamberg. 

Eberbach,  t.  Baden,  18  m.  E.  Heidelberg. 

Ebersberg,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Traun,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Ens. 

Ebersdorf,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  8 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Vienna.     Pop.  1,165. 

Ebersheim,  v.  France,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  111  below  Schelestat. 

Eberswald.     See  Musfadt  Eberswald. 

Ebesfalva,  t.  Transylvain'a,  in  Kokelburg,  on 
the  river  Great  Kokel  Pop.  2,900.  Lon.  24° 
35'  36"  E.  Lat.  46"^  1  J'  48"  N. 

Ebha-.    See  Mher. 

Ebingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  36  m.  S  Stutgard. 
Lon.  9°  3'  E.  Lat.  48°  13-  40 '  N.     Pop.  3,750. 

Ebro,  (an.  Iberm,)  r.  Spain,  rises  on  the  borders 
of  Asturia,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  below 
Tortosa,  in  Catalonia.  Of  its  two  mouths,  the 
one  to  the  south  is  artificial,  and  of  easier  entrance 
than  the  other,  which  is  nearly  choked  with  mud. 
This  river  is  in  general  very  rapid,  and  little 
adapted  for  navigation. 

Ebsdorf,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principality  of 
Luneburg,  7  m  W.  N.  W.  Ultzen. 

Ecdesall  Bierlow,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.  Pop. 
6,569.     3  m.  S.  W.  Sheffield. 

Ercksfechan,  t.  Scotland,  16  m.  N.  E.  Dumfries. 

Ecclesjield,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  N.  Shef- 
field.    Pop.  5,805. 

Ecckshall,  t.  Eng.  in  Staifordshire,  14  m.  N.  W, 
Ijondon. 

Ecclesiastical  State.     See  States  of  the  Church. 

Eccleston,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  N.  War- 
rington. 

Echebrune,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  6  m. 
S.  Saintes. 

Echelles,  Les,  t.  Savoy,  on  the  Guyer,  15  m.  S. 
W.  Chambery. 

Echemin,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into  the 
St  Lawrence  from  the  S.  2  miles  above  Quebec. 

Echinades  Islands,  (otherwise  called  JYtsia) 
group  of  islets  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Le- 
panto. 

Edit,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  9  m.  S.  by 
W.  Ruremond. 

Echterdiiigen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  5  m.  S.  Stutgard. 
.  Echtemach,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Luxemburg,  on 
the  Saure,  10  m.  W,  Treves,  18  N.  N.  E.  Luxem- 
burg.    Pop.  3,060. 

Ecija,  i.  Spain,  in  SeviUe,  on  ^e  W.  bank  of 


BD  E 

the  Xenil.  The  adjacent  territory  is  unoommonij 
fertile.  The  town  contains  6  churches,  16  con- 
vents, and  15  hospitals.  55  m.  E.  N.  E.  Seville. 
Lon.  5°  4'  34''  W,  Lat.  37^  31'  51"  N.    Pop.  28,000. 

Eckdala,  fortress,  Bengal,  district  of  Dacca,  on 
the  Luckya,  now  in  ruins.  Lon.  96°  45'  E.  Lat. 
24°  4'  N. 

Ecker,  r.  Hanover,  which  runs  into  the  Ocker. 
10  m.  S.  Wolfenbuttel. 

Eckeren,  t.  .Netherlands,  4  m.  N.  Antwerp. 

Eckemfoehrde,  t.  Denmark,  on  the  coast  of 
Sleswick,  10  m.  S.  Sleswick.  Lon.  9°  49'  E.  Lat 
54^  53'  N. 

Eckero,  small  isl.  Sweden,  between  the  Baltic 
and  the  gulf  of  Finland.  Lon.  19°  24'  E.  Lat.  60. 
15' N. 

Eckington,  v.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  6  m.  fr.  Ches- 
terfield.    Pop.  2,889. 

Eckmuhl,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  W.  Straubing,  near 
which  a  victory  was  gained  in  April  1809,  by  Bo- 
naparte over  the  Austrians. 

Eclipse  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands,  near 
the  S.  W.  coast  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  118°  10 
E.  Lat.  35°  8'  S. 

Ecluse,  Fort  deV,  fort,  Switz.  on  the  Rhone,  13 
m.  W.  Geneva. 

Ecommoy,  L  France,  in  Sarthe,  24  m.  S.  Le 
Mans.     Pop.  2,700. 

Ecouen,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  Paris. 

Edam,  t.  North  Holland,  near  the  Zuyder-zee, 
with  a  good  harbor  formed  by  the  river  Ey,  12  m. 
N.  Amsterdam. 

Edam,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Java,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Batavia. 

Edambavanum,  t.  India,  in  the  Camatic.  Lat, 
10°  27'  N. 

Eday,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands.  Lon.  2°  41' 
W.  Lat.  59°  4'  N. 

Eddington,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on  Penob- 
scot river,  5  m.  E.  Bangor.     Pop.  205. 

Eddy  grove,  p-t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

Eddystone,  .N'ew,  a  rock,  in  Bhem's  canal,  on 
the  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  in  lat.  5fi°  29'  N.  lon. 
229°  15'  E. 

Eddystone  Rocks,  reef  of  rocks  in  the  English 
channel,  in  W.  Ion.  4°  5'  and  N.lat.  50°  10',  bear-, 
iug  about  14  m.  S,  W.  Plymouth,  and  10  S.  W.by 
S.  from  the  Ram-head  in  Cornwall.  From  their 
position  they  are  particularly  dangerous  to  ships 
entering  Plymouth  sound,  and  have  been  the  oc- 
casion of  numerous  shipwrecks.  Several  light- 
houses erected  on  these  rocks  have  been  destroy- 
ed. In  1759  Mr.  Smeaton  completed  the  present 
lighthouse  entirely  of  stone.  It  is  about  80  feet 
high  ;  at  times  however,  the  waves  dash  to  a  pro- 
digious height  over  its  top. 

EddyviUc,  p-t.  and  cap.  Caldwell  co.  Ken.  oc 
Cumberland  river,  50  m.  fr.  Harpshead. 

Edelcny,  t.  Hunsrary,  in  the  county  of  Borshod, 
33  m.  N.  by  E.  Agria.  Lon.  20°  55'  E.  Lat.  48=^ 
17'  13"  N. 

Eden,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  country  of  the  firs; 
parents  of  the  human  race.  Eden  was  also  the 
name  of  a  beautiful  valley  near  Damascus  ;  and 
of  a  country  of  Mesopotamia,  under  the  Assyrian 
government. 

Eden,  r.  Scotland,  in  Berwickshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Tweed,  4  m.  below  Kelso.  Another,  falls 
into  St  Andrew's  bav.  Lon.  2°  51'  W.  Lat.  56<= 
22'  N. 

Eden,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Solway  frith, 
about  7  m.  below  Carlisle. 

Eden,  t.  Svria,  in  the  pachalic  of  Aleppo,  on  the 
Libanus,  15  m.  N.  E.  Tripoli. 


E  D  I 


E  D  I 


235 


Eden^  t.  Plancock  co.  Maine,  36  m.  E.  Castine. 
Pop.  657. 

Edc7i,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  30  m.  N.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  224. 

Eden,  t.  Niagara  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Edenborough,  p-v.  Ripley  co.  Indiana. 

Edenderri/,  t  Ireland,  in  King's  co.  29  m.  ^V. 
Dublin. 

Edenkoben,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  5  m. 
S.  of  Neustaclt. 

Edenton,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Chowan  co.  N. 
C.  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  on  the  N.  side  of  Albe-- 
marle  Sound,  near  the  mouth  of  Chowan  river,  77 
m.  S.  S.  W.  xVorfolk,  85  N.  N.  E.  Newbern.  Lat. 
36°  6'  N.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank, 
and  an  ancient  Episcopal  church.  Its  situation  is 
advautag^eous  for  trade,  but  unhealthy.  The 
amount  of  shipprng  in  1815  was  6,076  tons. 

Eder,  (an.  jidrana)  r.  Germany,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Fulda,  6  m.  above  Cassel.  ' 

Edessa,  or  Vodincu,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania, 
44  m.  W.  N.  W.  Saloniki,  and  316  W.  Constanti- 
nople.   Lon.  22°  2'  E.  Lat.  40°  51'  N.    Pop.  12,000. 

Edfu,  V.  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Apollinopolis  Parva,  famous  for  two  temples  which 
present  splendid  monuments  of  the  ancient  archi- 
tecture of  Egypt.  Lon.  32°  53'  44"  E.  Lat.  24°  48' 
33''  N. 

Edgar  ton,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Duke's 
CO.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Martha's 
Vineyard,  14  m.  from  the  main,  100  S.  S.  E.  Bos- 
ton. Lon.  70°  26'  W.  Lat.  41°  25'  N.  Pop.  1,.365. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  secured  by  the  island  of 
Chabbaquiddic,  which  is  included  in  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  Edgarton.     Slupping  in  1815,  993  tons. 

EdgcoU,  V.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  4  m.  N. 
Banbury. 

Edgcumbe  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lat.  20o*S. 

Edgcumbe,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Norfolk 
sound,  in  King  George  Illd's  archipelago.  Lon. 
224°  25i'  E.  Lat.  370  2'  N. 

Edgecombe,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  Sheep- 
scot  river,  opposite  Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,288. 

Edgecombe,  co.  N.  C.  on  Tar  river.  Pop. 
12,423.     Slaves,  5,107.    Chief  town,  Tarhorough. 

Edgefield^  district,  S.  C.  between  Saluda  and 
Savannah  rivers,  and  Abbeville  district.  Pop. 
23,160.  Slaves,  8,576.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Edgmont,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  611. 

Edgeworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  fr.  Bolton. 

Edgkill,  place,  Eng.  in  Warwick,  memorable 
for  the  first  battle  during  the  civil  wars.  83  m.  fr. 
London. 

Edgware,  t  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  10  m.  N,  W, 
London. 

Edikofen,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  4  m. 
N.  Landau. 

Edinburgh,  or  Mid-Lolhinn,  co.  Scotland,  con- 
taining 360  sq.  miles,  or  230,400  acres.  On  the 
N.  it  is  bounded  by  the  frith  of  Forth,  E.  by  Had- 
dington CO.  S.  by  Lanark,  Peebles,  and  Berwick, 
and  W.  by  Linlithgow.     Pop.  in  181 1, 148,607. 

Edinburgh,  the  metropolis  of  Scotland,  is  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  frith  of  Forth,  and  is 
surrounded  on  all  sides,  except  the  north,  by  lofty 
hills.  It  stands  on  high  and  uneven  ground,  being 
built  on  three  eminences,  which  run  from  E.  to 
W.  The  central  ridge,  on  which  the  city  was 
originally  built,  is  terminated  abruptly  on  the 
west  by  a  precipitous  rock  on  which  the  castle  is 
placed.    The  valley  to  the  north  of  thi^  ridge. 


whicli  was  formerly  a  lake,  has  been  drained,  and 
is  now  a  marsh,  nearly  dry  in  summer.  On  the 
rising  ground  to  the  north  of  this  valley  stands  the 
New  I'own  of  Edinburgh.  The  ravine  on  the 
south  of  the  central  ridge  is  also  wholly  covered 
with  buildings,  as  well  as  the  southern  eminence ; 
and  beyond  the  immediate  precincts  of  the  town 
in  this  quarter,  numerous  villas  have  of  late  years 
been  erected.  In  the  Old  Town  the  buildings  are 
crowded  and  irregular,  and  in  some  parts  rise  to 
the  height  of  1 1  stories.  The  new  I'own  has  been 
built  within  the  last  50  years.  It  is  laid  out  in 
streets  and  squares,  and  for  beauty  and  regularity 
is  not  surpassed  by  any  city  in  the  world.  The  Old 
and  New  towns  are  connected  by  a  mound,  and  a 
bridge  thrown  across  the  valle)'^. 

Among  the  public  building-s  of  Edinburgh,  the 
principal  is  the  castle.  In  the  centre  of  the  city 
arc  the  buildings  in  which  the  courts  hold  their 
sittings.  In  one  of  these  is  the  advocate's  library, 
consisting  of  more  than  70,000  printed  volumes, 
and  about  1,000  volumes  of  manuscripts.  There 
are  ten  churches,  and  5  chapels  of  ease  belonging 
to  the  establishment,  besides  4  places  of  worship 
for  the  Burghers,  3  for  the  Anti-burghers,  4  for  the 
Relief,  4  for  the  Baptists,  2  for  the  Independents, 
a  Gaelic  chapel,  and  one  each  for  the  Methodists, 
Cameronians,  Bereans,  Glassites,  Unitarians,  Qua- 
kers, and  Roman  Catholics,  and  six  for  Episco- 
palians. The  university  of  Edinburgh  has  long 
been  celebrated.  It  was  founded  in  1582,  and  em- 
braces at  present  27  professorships,  which  are 
classed  as  follows.  Faculty  of  Theology — Divini- 
ty, Church  History,  and  Oriental  Languages. 
Faculty  of  Law — Law  of  Nature  and  Nations, 
Civil  Law,  Scots  Law,  and  Civil  History  and  An- 
tiquities. Faculty  of  Medicine — Anatomy  and 
Surgery,  Practice  of  Medicine,  Botany,  Materia 
Medica,  Chemistry,  Theory  of  Medicine,  Mid- 
wifery, Natural  History,  Clinical  Surgery,  Mili- 
tary Surgery,  and  Medical  Jurisprudence.  Fac- 
ulty of  Arts — Moral  Philosophy,  Rhetoric  and 
Belles  Lettres,  Greek,  Latin,  Natural  Philosophy, 
Mathematics,  Practical  Astronomy,  Logic,  and 
Agriculture.  The  number  of  students  in  1818, 
was  2,000.  To  the  university  is  attached  a  libra- 
ry of  more  than  50,000  volumes,  an  excellent  mu- 
seum of  natural  history,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
As  a  medical  scliool  the  university  has  attained  to 
high  repute,  and  is  resorted  to  from  the  most  re- 
mote quarters.  The  High-school,  the  pi'incipal 
grammar  school  of  the  city,  has  a  rector  and  four 
masters,  and  above  800  scholars.  The  principal 
charitable  institution  is  Heriot's  hospital.  There 
are  several  other  hospitals ;  three  cliarity  work- 
houses, an  asylum  for  the  industrious  blind,  a 
Magdalene  asylum,  a  house  of  industiy,  a  society 
for  the  suppression  of  begging,  a  Royal  Infirmary, 
a  military  hospital,  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  two 
dispensaries.  Edinburgh  is  supported  chiefly  by 
its  courts  of  justice.  Law  is  the  leading  profes- 
sion ;  and  those  who  derive  their  subsistence  from 
this  source  form  the  chief  class  of  its  inhabitants. 
A  considerable  class  also  depends  on  the  universi- 
ty and  other  seminaries.  It  is  not  in  any  sense  a 
trading  or  manufacturing  town.  It  is  a  i-oyal  bo- 
rough, and  sends  one  member  to  parliament. 
Pop.  in  1811,  including  Leith,  102,987;  exclusive 
of  Leith,  82,624.  42  m.  E.  Glasgow,  396  N.  N.  W. 
London.     Lon.  3°  12'  W.  Lat.  .55°  58'  N. 

Edinburgh,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  26  m.  N.  W. 
Ballston,  50  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  1,319. 

Edinburg,  t.  Elbert  oc.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river. 


236 


E  F  F 


E  G  Y 


Edinhurg,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  6  in.  S.  E.  Ra- 
venna. 

Edinburgh  t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana,  ^  a  mile  fr. 
the  Ohio.  It  is  on  elevated  ground,  above  the 
floods  of  the  river. 

Edisheim,  t.  Bavarian  states,  near  the  Rhine,  5 
m.  N.  W.  Landau. 

Edisto,  or  Ponpon,  r,  S.  C.  is  formed  of  two 
branches,  vfhich  unite  below  Orangfeburg-,  and 
enters  the  ocean  on  each  side  of  Edisto  island, 
through  2  inlets  called  North  and  South  Edisto 
inlets.  It  is  navigable  for  large  boats  100  miles. 
Through  South-Edisto  inlet  enter  all  vessels  from 
the  North,  that  are  bound  to  Beaufort,  Asheepoo, 
Combahee,  and  Coosa. 

Edisto  island,  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  40  m.  S.  W. 
Charleston,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  good 
inland  navigation.  It  is  separated  from  Wadma- 
law  and  John's  islands,  by  North-Edisto  inlet, 
.  which  affords  a  good  harboir  for  vessels  of  small 
draft.  The  island  is  V2  miles  long,  and  from  1  to 
5  broad,  and  contained  in  1 808,  236  white  inhabi- 
tants, and  2,600  slaves.  Here  are  2  churches,  1 
for  Presbyterians,  who  have  a  large  permanent 
fund  for  the  support  of  the  Gospel,  and  1  for  Epis- 
copalians.— The  island  is  devoted  to  the  cult 'ire 
of  cotton,  and  is  verv-  productive.  The  white  in- 
habitants reside  on  their  plantations  only  during 
the  winter,  and  spend  the  hot  months  in  summer- 
houses  on  the  margin  of  the  sea. 

Edmeston,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  18  ra.  W.  Coop- 
erstown,  84  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  1,317. 

Edmonton,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  6  m.  N,  Lon- 
don. 

Edmund  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A- 
'  merica.     Lat.31°  56' N. 

Edom,  or  Idumea,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  be- 
yond Jordan,  and  S.  E.  of  Palestine,  inhabited  by 
Esau  and  his  posterity.  It  was  at  first  a  distinct 
empire,  but  was  subdued  by  David,  and  annexed 
to  the  land  of  Israel. 

Edswol,  t.  Norway,  18  m.  S.  W.  Bergen. 

Edward,  Cape,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  King 
George's  Archipelago.  Lon.  224°  E.  Lat,  57° 
39' N. 

Edwards,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1818,  1,948.     Chief  town,  Palmyra. 

Edicardsburg,  t.  Grenville  co.  Up,  Canada,  on 
St.  Lawrence  river,  67  m.  N.  E.  Kingston. 

Edwardsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Illinois, 
on  Cahokia  river,  22  m.  N.  E.  St.  Louis.  Lat. 
3S°  50'  N.  Lat.  89°  55'  W.  It  contains  a  land- 
office,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office. 

Edwith,  r.  Eng.  which  joins  the  Usk,  at  its 
mouth. 

Eecloo,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  11m. 
N.  W,  Ghent. 

Eegholm,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt.  Lon. 
11°  12' E.  Lat.  55°  14' N. 

Eel  river,  Indiana,  runs  S.  W.  and  falls  into  the 
Wabash, 200 m.  abo\e  Vincennes. 

Eems,  small  r.  Netherlands,  Utrecht,  which  falls 
into  the  Zuyder  Zee. 

Eeningburg,  v.  North  Holland,  6  m.  N.  Alk- 
maer. 

Eersle,  r.  Cape  oi  Good  Hope,  which  passes  by 
Stellenbosch,  and  falls  into  Simon's  bay. 

Efbe,  isl,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  S.  coast 
of  Mysol.     Lon.  127°  E.   Lat.  2°  12'  S. 

F^ngfiam,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between  York  andLeinster 
♦'ounties. 


Ejfinghain,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  4A  m.  N.  E.. 
Concord.     Pop.  876. 

Effinirham,  co.  Geo.  between  Savannah  and 
Ogechee  rivers.  Pop.  2,586.  Slaves,  1,010. 
Chief  town,  Springfield. 

Ega,  small  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  Ebro^ 
3  m.  below  Calfhorra.  ' 

Ega,  t.  Portugal,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Coimbra. 

Egeln,  t.  Prussian  States,  16  m.  S.  W.  Magde- 
burg. 

Egenhurg,  t.  Lower  Austria,  56  m.  N.  W.  Vi^- 
enna.     Lon.  15°  35'  E.  Lat.  48°  37'  N. 

Eger,  r.  which  rises  in  Suabia,  and  runs  into  the 
Wernitz,  6  m.  N.  Donauwert. 

Eger,  large  r.  Franconia,  which  falls  into  the 
Elbe. 

Eser,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Eger  river.  Pop. 
8,000.  76  m.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  12°  19' E.  Lai 
50°  5'  N. 

Egerness,  cape,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  4°  22'  W.  Lat.  54°  54'  N. 

Egg.     See  Eigg. 

Eggharbor,  Great,  inlet  and  river,  N.  J.  The 
river  forms  the  boundary  between  Cape  May  and 
Gloucester  counties,  and  runs  into  the  inlet,  in 
lat.  39°  22'  N.  It  is  navigable  20  miles  for  vessels 
of  200  tons. 

Eggharbor,  Little,  inlet,  N.  J.  lies  17  m.  N. 
G  reat  Eggharbor  inlet.  It  receives  Mulicus  creek 
which  is  navigable  20  miles  for  vessels  of  60 
tons. 

Eggharbor,  Great,  s-p.  and  port  of  entry,  Glou- 
cester CO.  N.  J.  on  the  sea  coast,  at  the  mouth  of 
Eggharbor  river,  60  m.  fr.  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
1,830.     Shipping  in  1815,  3,569  tons. 

Eggharbor,  Little,  s-p.  and  port  of  entry,  Bur- 
lington CO.  N.  J.  on  the  sea  coast,  60  m.  fr.  Phila- 
delphia. Pop.  913.  Shipping  in  1815,  1,618 
tons.  The  compact  part  of  the  town  is  called 
Clamtown. 

Egg  Island,  small  isl.  N.  J.  on  the  N.  side  oi' 
Delaware  bay,  in  Cumberland  county. 

Egham,  v.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  18  m.  W.  London. 

Egholm,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Lymfiord  gulf. 
Lon.  9°  51' E.  Lat.  57°  4' N. 

Eglisau,  t.  Switz.  in  Zurich,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  10  m.  S.  W.  Schaffhausen. 

Eglise  River,  de  V,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  44  m.  be- 
low the  island  of  Orleans. 

Eglishay,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands.  Lon.  2° 
49' W.  Lat.  59°  N. 

Egmoni,  the  name  of  3  villages  in  N.  Holland, 
on  the  sea  coast,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Alcmaer. 

Egmojit  Bay,  on  the  S.  W.  of  the  island  of  St. 
John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  Lon.  64*^  W. 
Lat.  46°  30'  N. 

Egmoni  Island,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexiqp,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  E.  Florida.  Lon.  82°  55'  W.  Lat. 
27°  54'  N. 

Egmont  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  138° 
30'  W.  Lat.  19°  20'  N. 

Egmont  Island,  JVetv  Guernsey,  or  Santa  Cruz-; 
one  of  the  Queen  Charlotte's  islands,  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.     Lon.  165°  59'  E.  Lat.  10°  46'  S. 

Egremont,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  5  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Whitehaven. 

Es;rcmont,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  15  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Lenox.     Pop.  790. 

Eguilles,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  6 
m.N.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  3,100. 

Egifpt,   country,  Africa,  bounded  N.   by  the 


E  G  Y 


E  I  S 


23t 


Mediterranean ;  E.  by  the  Red  sea  and  the  isth- 
mus of  Suez;  S.  by  Nubia;  and  W.  by  the  Lyb- 
ian  desert.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Nile,  from 
its  mouth  to  Syene,  in  lat.  23°  a  distance  of  500 
miles.  Its  breadth  is  nominally  200  or  300  miles, 
but  the  only  habitable  part  is  the  valley  of  the 
Nile,  which  is  usually  15  or  20  miles  wide,  and 
bounded  on  each  side  by  a  chain  of  mountains, 
running  parallel  with  the  river.  The  country 
beyond  the  mountains,  both  to  the  east  and  west, 
is  a  desert.  E»ypt  is  divided  into  Uppjer  and  Low- 
er. Lpwer  Eg^ypt  is  composed  of  the  Delta  of  the 
Nile.  Upper  Egypt  is  the  narrow  belt  of  land 
extending  from  Cairo  to  Syene.  The  soil  on  the 
banks  of  the  Nile  is  a  black  flat  loam,  and  is  ex- 
ceedingly productive.  Lower  Egj'pt  is  annually 
overflowed,  and  enriched  by  the  deposit  of  mud 
and  slime,  and  has  been  celebrated,  in  all  ages,  for 
its  fertility.  In  Upper  Egypt,  the  water  is  con- 
veyed to  the  lands  by  machinery.  The  prin- 
cipal productions  are  rice  and  wheat. — The 
climate  of  this  country  is  characterized  by  an  al- 
most entire  absence  of  rain.  It  is  much  hotter 
than  that  of  other  countries  in  the  same  latitude. 
In  the  spring,  for  about  50  days,  it  is  liable  to  the 
terrible  wind  called  the  simoon,  which  threatens, 
when  long  continued,  almost  the  extinction  of  an- 
imal life. — Among  the  diseases,  are  the  plague, 
which  is  commonly  supposed  to  be  indigenous  in 
Egypt,  and  to  spread  its  ravages  from  thence  as 
from  a  centre  ;  and  the  ophthalmia,  a  severe  com- 
plaint affecting  the  eyes. 

The  population  of  Egvpt  is  estimated  at 
2,500,000.  It  consists  of  Copts,  Arabs,  Turks, 
and,  till  very  lately,  Mamelukes.  The  Coj^ts  ap- 
pear to  be  the  descendants  of  the  ancient  Egyp- 
tians, mingled,  in  some  degree,  with  the  Persians 
and  Greeks,  but  kept  entirely  separate,  by  reli- 
gious antipathy,  from  the  Arabian  and  Turkish 
Fnvaders.  They  reside,  almost  exclusively,  in 
Upper  Egypt,  and  their  number  has  been  esti- 
mated at  200,000.— The  Arabs  are  the  most  nu- 
merous part  of  the  population.  The  Turks  are 
established  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the  great 
cities,  and  their  numbers  and  power  have  of  late 
considerably  increased.  The  Mamelukes  were 
originally  Georgian  and  Circassian  slaves,  who, 
under  the  Fatimite  Khalifs,  were  brought  into  the 
country,  and  became  part  of  the  military  power 
of  the  state.  They  were  thus  enabled  to  rise 
against  their  masters,  to  massacre  or  expel  them, 
and  to  assume  the  dominion  of  the  country.  Du- 
ring the  invasion  of  Egypt,  by  the  French,  their 
strength  was  broken,  and  the  Turks  have  recently 
driven  them  out  of  the  country. — The  govern- 
ment is  now  administered  by  a  Turkish  pacha, 
sent  from  Constantinople,  and  24  beys  or  govern- 
ors of  provinces. 

The  objects  which,  above  all  others,  attract  the 
attention  of  the  traveller  in  modern  Egypt,  are 
the  stupendous  monuments  of  ancient  grandeur, 
with  which  it  is  covered.  These  are  not  so 
much  distinguished  for  taste  and  skill,  as  for  im- 
mense size.  This  enormous  magnitude  is  partic- 
ularly conspicuous  in  the  Pyramids.  The  largest 
of  these  structures  measures  nearly  500  feet  in 
perpendicular  height,  and  has  a  square  base  of 
700  feet.  The  greater  part  consists  of  a  solid 
mass  of  masonry.  The  most  remarkable  of  the 
Pyramids  are  immediately  south  of  Cairo,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  Nile.  The  trade  of  Egypt 
with  Christian  nations,  is  carried  on  by  Alexan- 
ilria;  that  with  the  other  parts  of  the  Turkish 


empire  by  Damietta.  An  extensive  commerce  is 
also  maintained  with  the  interior  of  Africa  by 
means  of  caravans. 

Ehen,  or  Broad  River,  Eng.  which  runs  into 
the  Irish  sea,  below  Egremont. 

Ehenheim,  Upper,  t.  France,  on  the  Ergel,  12 
m.  S.  W.  Strasburg.     Pop.  4,400. 

Ehingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Danube,  10  m.  S.  W.  Ulm.  Lon.  8°  56'  54"  E. 
Lat.  48°  29'  36 "  N.     Pop.  3,400. 

Ehningen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stutt- 
gard.     Pop.  4,200. 

Ehrenbreistein,  or  Hermannstein,  a  ruined  for- 
tress of  the  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine,  oppo- 
site Coblentz. 

Ehrenfriedrichsdorf,  or  Irbersdorf,  t.  Saxony,  3 
m.  W.  Wolkenetein.  Lon.  12°  53'  E.  Lat.  50° 
35' N. 

Ehrenhansen,  t.  Lower  Styria,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Mur,  8  m.  N.  Marburg.  Lou.  15°  40'  45" 
E.  Lat.  46°  44' 32"  N. 

Ehrlibach,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich,  remark- 
able for  a  beautiful  cascade  in  the  rivulet  of 
Ehrlibach,  of  40  feet. 

Eibenstock,  t.  Saxony,  in  Erzgeberge,  on  the 
MMlda,  7  m.  S.  W.  Schwartzenberg.  Lon.  12° 
35'  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Eichstadt,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Alt,  32  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Augsburg.  Lon.  11°  10'  36"  E.  Lat,  48° 
53'  30"  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Eichstetten,  t.  Baden,  9  m.  N.  N.  W.  Freyburg. 

Eide,  t.  Norway,  36  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bergen. 

Eigg,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  8  m,  fr.  the  main. 

Eighteen-mile  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohiq^ 
18  m.  below  Gallipolis. 

Eilenburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  duchy  of 
Saxony,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Mulda,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Leipsic. 

Eimbeck,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  lime,  48  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Brunswick,  Lon.  9°  49'  E,  Lat.  51°  44'  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Eimeo,  one  of  the  Society  islands,  or  rather 
Georgian  islands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  10  miles 
long,  by  5  broad.  There  are  several  harbors,  of 
which  Taloo  on  the  north  coast  is  the  best.  The 
surface  of  the  island  is  hilly  and  rocky,  with  val- 
lies  interposed.  12  m.  W.  Otaheite.  Lon.  150° 
W.  Lat.  17°  30'  S.  The  inhabitants  of  this  isl- 
and have  recently  renounced  idolatry,  and  em- 
braced Christianity.     See  Society  islands. 

Einatirieh,  v.  Syria,  21  m.  N.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Einigenbruck,  v.  North  Holland,  7  m.  N.  Alc- 
maer. 

Einsiedlen,  v.  Switz,  in  the  canton  of  Schweitz, 
10  m.  N.  E.  Schweitz,  20  S.  S.  E.  Zurich.  Lon. 
9°38'E.  Lat.  4704' N. 

Einura,  t.  India,  in  Canara.  Lon.  75°  16'  E. 
Lat.  13°  5'  N. 

Eisenach,  a  province  of  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  ol"  Saxe- Weimar.     Pop.  70,000. 

Eitiennch,  the  capital  of  the  above  province,  is 
on  the  Nesse,  near  its  union  with  the  Horse,  26 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Erfurt,  40  E.  Weimar.  Lon.  10° 
20'  15"  E.  Lat.  50°  58'  55"  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Eisenartz,  t.  Germany,  in  Inner  Austria.  It  is 
at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  which  contains  one  of  the 
richest  iron  mines  known.  It  produces  50,000 
tons  of  ore  yearly,  and  gives  employment  to  2,500 
miners  and  smeUers.  10  m.  N.  Leoben.  Lon.  14° 
19'45"E.  Lat.  470  31' 2"  N. 

Eisenberg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Gotha.  Pop.  3,300,  20  m.  W.  Altenburg,  30 
S.  W.  Leipsic.    Lon.  1 1°  51'  E.  Lat.  50°  55'  N. 


238 


E  L  A 


ELD 


Eiseiiburg,  t.  Lower  Hungary,  on  the  Raab,  SJB 
m.  W.  Vesprim.  Lon.  16°  48'  31"  E.  Lat.  47°  2' 
25"  N. 

Eisenburg,  County  of,  in  the  west  part  of  Lower 
Hungary,  on  the  borders  of  Austria.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  extensive,  fertile,  and  populous  counties 
in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  300,000. 

Eisensladt,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Leytha,  27  m.  S. 
Vienna.  Lon.  16°  23'  E.  Lat.  47^33'  10"  N.  Pop. 
2,400. 

Eiskoi,  t.  Russia,  on  the  cast  coast  of  the  sea  of 
Azoph.  50  m.  S.  \V.  Azoph.  Lon.  56°  E.  Lat. 
46°  30'  N. 

Eislebeji,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province  rtf 
Saxony,  the  birth  place  of  Martin  Luther,  2  m.  S. 
E.  Mansfeld,  12  W.  Halle.  Lon.  11°  31'  E.  Lat. 
51°  53'  W. 

Eislingen,  Great  and  Little,  two  villages,  Wir- 
temberg,  3  m.  E.  Goppingen. 

Ekarma,  one  of  the  smaller  Kurile  islands. 
Lon.  154°  29'  E.  Lat.  49°  30'  N. 

Ekaterinadara,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  in  Ku- 
ban Tartary,  and  the  capital  of  the  Tchernor- 
norskie,  or  Cossacks  of  the  Black  sea. 

Ekaterineburg,  or  Catherinenburg,  t.  A.  Russia, 
en  the  Isett,  148  m.  S.  E.  Perm.  The  neighbour- 
ing mountains  afford  a  variety  of  minerals.  Here 
are  extensive  iron  founderies  and  forges,  which 
manufacture  cannon  and  anchors.  An  immense 
copper  coinage  produces  12,530  pieces  daily. 
This  town  is  the  seat  of  the  supreme  college  for 
the  administration  of  the  mines  and  founderies  of 
Siberia,  Casan,  Perm,  and  Orenburg,  and  takes 
cognizance  of  114  founderies  within  it^  district. 
Houses  2,000.    Lon.  60°  17'  E.  Lat.  56°  50'  N. 

Ekaterinograd,  t.  and  fortress,  A.  Russia,  in 
Caucasus.  It  is  the  strongest  place  on  the  Cauca- 
sian line  of  posts.  24  m.  N.  W.  Mozdok.  Lon. 
43°  42'  E.  Lat.  44°  15'  N. 

Ekaterinoslav,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Dnieper. 
Its  cloth  manufactures  are  accounted  the  finest  in 
Russia.  Pop.  1,800.  728  m.  S.  S.  E.  St.  Peters-' 
burgh.     Lon.  35°  1'  45"  E.  Lat.  48°  27'  20"  N. 

Ekaterinoslav,  government  of  Russia,  extending 
from  33°  40'  to  39°  20'  E.  lon.  and  from  47°  to  49° 
N.  lat.  between  the  governments  of  Poltawa, 
Charkov,  Voronetz,  the  Donski  Cossacks,  Tauri- 
da,  and  Cherson,  and  containing  about  35,000  sq. 
miles.  The  chief  productions  are  corn,  millet, 
melons,  fruits,  and  hemp.     Pop.  560,000. 

Ekenas,  s-p.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
gulf  of  Finland.  Pop.  1,260.  50  m.  S.  E.  Abo. 
Lon.  23°  18'  E.  Lat.  59°  58'  iN. 
.  Ekeroe,  one  of  the  Aland  isles,  in  the  Baltic,  W. 
of  the  principal  island.  Here  is  a  telegraph  sta- 
tion. 

Ekron,  in  Sac.  Gfoy.  the  most  northerly  of  the 
5  principal  cities  of  the  Philistines.  It  stood  34 
m.  W.  Jerusalem,  14  N.  y\.shdod.  It  was  assigned 
to  the  tribe  of  Judah,  and  afterwards  to  the  tribe 
of  Dan. 

Elaase.     See  Orontes. 

Elalia,  a  large  mass  of  ruins  in  Tunis,  supposed 
to  be  the  Acolla  or  Jlcillia  of  the  ancients  ;  90  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Tunis. 

Elaman,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 15  m.  S.  W.  liacca- 

Eland,  t  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river  Cal- 
der,  2  m.  fr.  Halifax. 

Elath,  in  Sac.  Geog.  s-p.  Idumea,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Red  sea,  now  called  Ailah. 

Elatma,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Oka,  132  m.  N. 


Tambov.  Lon.  41°  42'  E.  Lat.  55°  2'  N.  Pop. 
2,100. 

Elba,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  opposite  to  the 
grand  duchy  of  Tuscany,  60  m.  in  circumference. 
Its  general  aspect  is  mountainous,  and  its  climate 
salubrious.  Here  are  cultivated  vines,  olives, 
fruits,  corn,  and  maize.  It  has  2  harbors,  Porto 
Ferrajo,  the  capital,  and  Porto  Longone.  This 
island  was  the  residence  of  Bonaparte  from  May 
1814  to  26th  February  1815.  It  now  belongs  to 
the  grand  duke  of  Tuscany.  Lon.  of  Porto  Fer- 
i-ajo,  10°  19'  35"  E.  Lat.  42°  49'  6"N. 

Elbe,  a  large  river  of  Germany,  w^hich  rises 
amid  the  mountains  on  the  borders  of  Silesia,  and 
passing  through  Bohemia,  entei's  Saxony,  and 
passes  successively  Dresden,  Meissen,  Torgau,  and 
Wittenberg,  and  continuing  a  northward  course, 
runs  through  the  territory  of  Magdeburg,  and  the 
duchies  of  Mecklenburg  and  Lauenburg,  until  it 
finally  discharges  itself  into  the  German  ocean, 
about  70  miles  below  Hamburgh.  It  communi- 
cates with  the  Havel,  Trave,  and  Weser,  by  ca- 
nals. The  navigation  of  the  Elbe  up  to  Ham- 
burgh is  difficult  on  account  of  its  numerous  sand 
banks,  and  the  occasional  violence  of  the  wind. 

Elbe,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Eder,  2 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Fritzlar. 

Elberfeld,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  the  province  of 
Cleves  and  Berg,  district  of  Dusseldorf,  in  a  pleas- 
ant valley  on  the  Wupper.  The  inhabitants  are 
actively  employed  in  manufactures,  particularly 
of  linen,  ribbons,  lace,  siamoise,  and  similar  stuffs. 

18  m.  E.  Dusseldorf,  20  N.  E.  Cologne.  Lon.  7° 
8'E.  Lat.  51'M2'N. 

Elbert,  co.  in  the  Western  district  of  Geo.  be- 
tween Savannah  and  Broad  rivers.  Pop.  12,156. 
Slaves,  4,574.     Chief  town,  Elberton. 

Elberton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Elbert  co.  Geo.  on  Sa- 
vannah river,  23  m .  N.  W.  Petersburg,  73  from 
Milledgeville.     Pop.  122. 

Elberton,  t.  Effingham  co.  Geo.  on  the  Ogechee, 

19  m.  W.  Ebenezer,  48  N.  W.  Savannah. 
Elbing,  r.  which  issues  from  the  lake  of  Drou- 

sen,  near  the  town  of  Elbing,  and  falls  into  the 
Frische  Haff.  It  is  joined  to  the  Nogat  by  means 
of  a  canal. 

Elbing,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Elbing,  near  its  mouth. 
It  supplies  the  adjacent  countries  with  foreign 
merchandize ;  and  has  manufactures  of  soap,  to- 
bacco, starch,  and  oil.     Pop.  16,800.     30  m.  S.E.  . 
Dantzic.     Lon.  19°  2 1'  57"  E.     Lat.  54°  7'  54"  N. 

Elbingeroda,  t.  Prussian  States,  6  m.  S.  E.  Go- 
slar.  Lon.  10°  47'  E.  Lat.  51°  47'  N.  Pop. 
2,350. 

Elboevf,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine.  Here  is  a 
celebrated  manufactory  of  Avoollen  cloths.  Pop. 
6,000.  10  m.  S.  Rouen,  65  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon. 
58'  E.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. 

Elbridge,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Elhurg,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  34 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Utrecht.  Lon.  5°  54'  E.  Lat.  52° 
30' N. 

El-Carpio,  v.  Spain,  on  the  Guadalquivir,  18 
m.  fr.  Cordova. 

Elche,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  soap  and  leather.  Pop.  15,000.  8  m,  S. 
W.  Alicant.     Lon.  1°  37'  W.  Lat.  38°  29'  N. 

Elchingen,  v.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Danube, 
5  m.  below  Ulm. 

Elda,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the  Elda,  20  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Alicant.     Pop.  4,000. 

Elde,  r.  Germany,  falls  into  the  Elbe,  near  Do? 
mitz. 


E  L  I 

Eldridge^  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Elealeh,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  1  m.  fr.  Hesh- 
bon. 

Eleanor,  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  Knight's 
island,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  213°  4 
E.  Lat.  60°  37'  N. 

Eleanor's  Cove,  a  harbor  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  220°  51' E.  Lat.  59°  44'  N. 

Eltdgia,  V.  Armenia,  where  there  is  a  hot 
spring,  21m.  fr.  Erzerum. 

Elephant  Isle,  a  small  island  5  m.  in  circumfer- 
ence, between  Bombay  and  the  W.  coast  of  India, 
celebrated  for  its  wonderful  cave,  and  mytholo- 
gical sculptures.     Lon.  73°  E.  Lat.  18°  57'  N. 

Elephantina,  isl.  in  'the  Nile,  opposite  Syene, 
remarkable  for  the  ruins  with  which  it  is  cov- 
ered. 

Eletz,  t.  Eu.  'Russia,  in  Orel,  115  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Orel. 

Eleven-point  river,  Missouri,  runs  into  White 
river. 

Ekusis,  the  modern  Lefchimo,  t.  Attica,  12  m. 
N.  W.  Athens. 

Eleuthera,  or  Alabaster  Island,  one  of  the  larg- 
est of  the  Bahama  islands.  Lat.  24°  39'  N.  Lon. 
76°  22'  W. 

Elfdal,  V.  Sweden,  in  Dalecarlia,  65  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Falilun.     Lon.  13°  58'  E.  Lat.  61°  14'  30"  N. 

Elfsborg,  New,  fort,  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland, 
on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Moldal,  4  m.  W. 
Gothenburg. 

Elga,  r.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  Tagus, 
near  Alcantara,  sepai-ating  Spain  and  Portugal, 
during  its  whole  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Elgin.     See  Moray. 

Elgin,  t.  Scotland,  cap.  of  Elgin  co.  on  the  Los- 
sie,  5  m.  above  its  influx  into  the  German  ocean. 
It  is  a  royal  borough.  63^  m.  N.  W.  Aberdeen, 
144  N.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3°  4'  W.  Lat.  57°  58' 
N.     Pop.  4,602. 

Elham,  or  Eleham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  10  m.  S. 
Canterbury. 

Elichpoor,  district.  Hind,  in  Berar,  between  20° 
and  22°  N.  lat. — Elichpoor,  the  capital,  stands  on 
a  branch  of  the  Burda  river,  and  is  fortified.  Lou. 
78°  5'  E.  Lat.  2\°  12'  N. 

Elizabeth,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Monongahela,  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pittsburg.  Pop. 
2,368. 

Elizabeth,  r.  Va.  is  formed  by  the  union  of  2 
branches,  at  Norfolk,  and  flows  into  Hampton 
Road,  8  miles  below.  It  ie  from  150  to  200  fath- 
oms wide,  and  at  common  floods  has  18  feet  water 
to  Norfolk.  Its  entrance  is  defended  by  a  fort ;  see 
Craney  Island.  The  canal,  connecting  the  wa- 
ters of  Albemarle  sound  with  Chesapeake  bay, 
communicates  with  the  S.  branch  of  Elizabeth 
river,  9  m.  above  Norfolk. 

Elisabethgrad,  t.  and  fort,  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cher- 
son,  on  the  Ingul,  108  m.  W.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon. 
32°  27'  45"  E.  Lat.  48°  30'  17"  N. 

Elizabeth'' s  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  in 
the  straits  of  Magellan.     Lon.  T3P  24'  W.    Lot. 

53043' S. 

Elizabeth  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  at  the  entrance 
of  Cook's  inlet.  Lat.  59°  9'  N.— There  is  another 
cape  of  this  name,  on  the  Main.     Lat.  43°  22'  N. 

Elizabeth  city,  co.  Va.  between  York  and  James 
rivers,  having  York  and  Warwick  counties  on 
theW.  Pop.  3,608.  Slaves,  1,734.  Chief  town, 
Hampton. 

^lizabeth  city,  p-t,  and  cap.  Pasquotank  co.  N. 


ELK 


239 


If 


C.  on  Pasquotank  river,  40  m.  N.  E.  Edenton,  60 
S.  Norfolk,  with  which  it  has  a  water  communi- 
cation by  the  canal.  The  public  buildings  are  a 
court-house  and  jail,  and  4  churches,  2  for  Bap- 
tists, 1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  quakers. 

Elizabeth  islands,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Mass.  be- 
tween Martha's  Vineyard  and  the  Maine,  belong- 
ing to  Duke's  county.  Lon.  70°  38'— 70°  56'  W. 
Lat.  41°  24'— 41°  32'  N.  They  are  about  16  in 
number,  the  principal  of  which  are  Nashawn, 
Pasqui,  Nashawenua,  Pinequese,  and  Chatta- 
hunk, 

Elizabeth  Island,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Magel- 
lan.    Lon.  71°  45'  W.  Lat.  52°  50'  N. 

Elizabethtovm,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  35  m.  N.  E.  Kingston. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on 
lake  Champlain,  130  m.  N.  Albany.  Pop.  1,362. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  a  State  ar- 
senal. North-west  bay,  on  lake  Champlain,  is  in 
this  town,  and  there  is  a  ferry  to  Panton,  in  Ver- 
mont. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  and  bor.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  6  m. 
S.  Newark,  15  W.  S.  W.  New  York.  Lon.  74® 
12'  W.  Lat.  AQ^  38'  N.  Pop.  2,977.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  Elizabethtown  creek,  which 
empties  into  Staten  island  sound,  and  contains  an 
academy,  bank,  and  3  houses  for  public  worship, 
1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
Methodists.  The  Presbyterian  and  Episcopalian 
churches  arc  handsome  brick  buildings.  Vessels 
of  20  or  30  tons  come  up  to  the  town,  and  those 
of  200  or  300  tons  come  as  far  as  Elizabethtown 
Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  2  miles  distant. 
A  steam-boat  plies  between  the  city  of  New  York 
and  Elizabethtown  Point. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  18  m.N. 
W,  Lancaster,  80  W.  by  N.  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
677. 

Elizabethtown.     See  Hagarstown. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bladen  co.  N.  C, 
on  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape-Fear  river,  40  m. 
above  Wilmington,  55  below  Fayetteville. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Carter  co.  Ten,  25 
m.  E.  Blountsville. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Harden  co.  Ken, 
45  m.  S.  by  W.  Blountsville.     Pop.  181. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 

Elizavillc,  p-v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 

Elk,  V.  of  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Big  and  Little  Elk  creeks, 
at  Elkton,  and  flows  into  the  Chesapeake  13  mile& 
below. 

Elk,  r.  rises  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Cumberland 
mountains,  in  Tennessee,  and  flowing  S.  W,  into 
Alabama,  joins  Tennessee  river,  a  little  above 
the  Muscle  Shoals,  40  m.  W.  N.  W.  Creeks  cross- 
ing-place. 

Elk,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Elk  creek,  Pa.  unites  with  Pcnn's  creek,  and 
falls  into  the  Susquehannah,  5  m.  below  Sunbnry. 

Elk  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Miami,  in  Madi- 
son, Butler  CO. 

Elkhorn,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  Kentucky  river,  8  m 
below  Frankfort. 

Elkhorn,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Missouri. 

Elk  lake,  between  lake  of  the  Woods  and  lake 
Superior.     Lon.  93°  W.  Lat.  48°  41'  N. 

Elkland,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  9 1 . 

Elklick,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,118, 

Elkmarsh,  p-v.  Fauqier  co.  Va. 

Elkoddam,  v.  Syria,  2  m.  "=.  Dama."-i» 


240 


ELL 


Elkridge,  t.  Anne-Arundel  co.  Md.  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Patapsco,  8  m.  S.  W.  Baltimore.  It 
j's  noted  for  its  tobacco  called  kite''s  foot. 

Elkrun,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  782. 

Elkrun  churchy  p-v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

Elkton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cecil  co.  Md.  at  the  forks 
of  Elk  river,  13  m.  above  its  mouth,  at  Turkey 
point,  12  m.  S.  W.  Christiana-bridg^e,  10  N. 
Charleslown,  47  S.  W.  Philadelphia,  56  N.  E.  Bal- 
timore. The  tide  flows  up  to  the  town,  and  there 
was  formerly  a  brisk  trade  between  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore,  through  this  place.  The  village  is 
well-built,  and  the  public  buildings  are  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  bank,  and  a  Methodist  church. 

Elkton,  p-t.  Giles  co.  Ten. 

Elkton,  p-t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

Ellen,  r.  En».  which  runs  ivito  the  Irish  sea  at 
Maryport,  in  Cumberland. 

Elknborough,  v.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  6  m.  N. 
Cockermouth. 

Ellerbach,  r,  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Mo- 
gelle,  10  m.  above  Beilstein. 

Ellesmere,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  16  m.  N.  Shrews- 
bury. 

EllfeUL,  t.  Duchy  of  Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  14 
m.  N.  W.  Mentz. 

Ellicott,  t.  Chatauque  do.  (N.  Y.)  S.  E.  of  Cha- 
tauque. 

Ellicotts,  or  Eleven-mile  creek,  N.  Y.  runs  into 
the  Tonnewanta,  at  its  entrance  into  Niagara 
river. 

Ellicotts  cross-roads,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Ken. 
,Ellicotts  mills,  p-v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

Ellicotlsville.     See  Selsertown. 

Ellingen,  t.  Franconia,  4  m.  N.  Weissenburg. 
Lon.  10°  55'  E.  Lat.  48°  59'  N. 

Ellington,  t  Tolland  co.  Ct.  13  m.  N.  E.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop,  1,344. 

Elliot,  a  missionary  station  of  the  American 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  among  the  Choctaw 
Indians,  within  the  chartered  limits  of  the  State 
of  Mississippi,  on  the  Yalo  Busha  creek,  about  30 
m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Yazoo,  400  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Brainerd,  145  fr.  the  Walnut  Hills;  which 
last  mentioned  place  is  a  little  below  the  entrance 
of  the  Yazoo  into  the  Mississippi,  and  about  130 
above  Natchez.  Lon.  89°  50'  W.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. 
By  means  of  the  Yalo  Busha,  Yazoo,  and  Missis- 
sippi, Elliot  has  a  water  communication  with  New 
Orleans.  In  the  summer  of  1818,  this  place  Was 
an  entire  wilderness.  In  1820,  50  or  60  acres  of 
excellent  land  had  been  cleared  for  cultivation,  a 
good  proportion  of  it  bottom  land  of  inexhaustible 
fertility;  8  commodious  log  cabins  had  been  erect- 
ed for  dwelling-houses,  and,  together  with  a 
schoolhousc  on  the  Lancasterian  plan,  a  mill- 
house,  blacksmith's  shop,  and  various  other  build- 
ings.    See  Choctaus and  the  Appendix. 

Elliotts  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Florida, 
near  the  coast  of  East  Florida.  Lon.  8°  25'  W. 
Lat.  25°  32'  N. 

Ellis,  r.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  runs  into  the  An- 
droscoggin, in  Rumford. 

Ellis,  V.  Coos  CO.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Saco,  at 
Bartlett. 

Ellisbtirg,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Onta- 
rio.    Pop.  1,728.     It  is  well  situated  for  trade. 

Ellis'' s  Island,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  81*^ 
10'  W.  Lat.  24°  50'  N. 

Ellis  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  56°  31'  N. 

Eilimlle,  p-v.  Warren  co.  N.  C 


ELS 

Ellon,  V.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeensliire,  17  ra.  \V 
Aberdeen. 

Ellore,  one  of  the  north  circars,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  between  16°  and  17°  N.  lat. 
Ellore,  the  capital,  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Colair 
lake,  through  which  it  has  been  proposed  to  carry 
a  canal  from  the  river  Godavery  to  the  Kistnah. 
Lon.  81°  10' E.  Lat.  16°  45'  N. 

Ellisville,  or  Lower  Blue  Lick,  p-v.  Nicholas  co. 
Ken. 

Ellsworth,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  24  m.  N.  E. 
Castine.     Pop.  614. 

Ellsworth,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  N.  N.  W, 
Plymouth.     Pop.  142. 

Ellsworth,  p-v.  and  S.  parish,  in  Sharon,  Litch- 
field CO.  Ct.  12  m.  W.  Litchfield. 

Ellsworth,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio^on  the  W.  side 
of  Canfield,  14  m.  S.  Warren.* 

Ellwangen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Jaxt,  32  m. 
N.  Ulm.     Lon.  10°  12'  E.  Lat.  48°  57'  N. 

Elma,  t.  Russia,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Elmfiand 
Petchora,  312  m.  E.  Archangel. 

Elmeley,  or  Ebnlei/,  isl.  Eng.  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Thames,  separated  by  a  narrow  stream  from  the 
island  of  Sheppey. 

Elmeshorn,  t.  Deumark,  in  Holstein,  18  m.  N. 
W.  Hamburg. 

Elmham,  JVorth,  v.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  5  m.  E. 
Dereham. 

Elmina,  or  St.  George  del  Mina,  the  capital  oi 
the  Dutch  settlements  in  W.  Africa,  and  the  most 
respectable  fortress  on  the  Gold  coast.  It  is  on 
a  peninsula,  formed  by  a  small  river  wliich  runs 
nearly  parallel  with  the  sea.  The  river,  though 
email,  will  admit  a' essels  of  a  hundred  tons  bur- 
den at  high  water,  and  they  may  load  and  unload 
under  the  walls  of  the  castle.  Pop.  15,000.  Lon. 
2°  30'  W.  Lat.  5°  10'  N. 

Elmira,  or  KeAotown,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  oc. 
Tioga  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Elmira  creek,  20  m. 
W.  Spencer,  16  E.  Painted-post.  Pop.  2,169.  A 
canal  is  contemplated  to  connect  Seneca  lake  with 
Tioga  river,  at  this  place. 

Elmore,  t.  Hind,  in  Cicacole.  Lon.  84°  10'  E. 
Lat.  18°  24'  N. 

Elmore,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  16  m.  N.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  157. 

Elmser  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isle  of 
Wight.     Lon.  1°  14'  E.  Lat.  50°  43'  N. 

Elmsley,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Elnbogen,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Eger,  30  m.  N.  f . 
Eger,  75  N.  N.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  12°  45'  E.  Lat. 
50°  10'  N. 

Elne,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  6  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Perpignan.  Lon.  2°  58'  23"  E.  Lat.  42°  35 
34'/  N. 

Elan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  town  belonging  to  the  Le- 
vites,  in  the  tribe  of  Dan.  Tliere  was  another 
town  of  this  name  in  the  tribe  of  Zebulon, 

Elora  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  remarkable  for 
its  mineral  spring,  and  its  temple-  cut  out  of  the 
solid  rock.     Lon.  76°  E.  Lat.  19°  56'  N. 

Elphin,  y.  Ireland,  in  Roscommon,  75  m.  from 
Dublin. 

Elrich,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  6  m. 
N.  W.  Nordhausen.  Lon.  10°  40'  E.  Lat.  51° 
37'  N. 

Elsenborough,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  517. 

Elsfleth,  t.  Grand  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Hunter  with  the  Weser,  17  m.  E. 
N.  T..  Oldenburg.  Lon.  8°  26'  19"  E.  Lat.  43°  11' 
21"  N. 

Ehinore,  or  Elsineur,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  Zea- 


E  M  B 

\divi,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Sound,  nearly  oppo- 
site Helsingberg-,  in  Sweden,  at  the  part  where 
the  Sound  is  less  than  4  miles  across.  Elsinore  has 
no  harbor,  but  an  excellent  roadsted,  generally 
crowded  with  vessels  anchoring  here,  either  to  pay 
toll  or  to  take  in  stores.  The  product  of  the  toll 
varies  from  120,000/.  to  150,000/.  sterling.  20  m. 
N.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  12°  37'  48"  E.  Lat.  50°  2' 
15"  N. 

Els7iappen,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  Westmannland,  on 
the  Baltic,  32  m.  E.  N.  E.  Nykioping. 

Elsler,  two  rivers  of  Germany,  one  of  which 
passes  by  Leipsic,  and  falls  into  the  SaaJe.  The 
other  falls  into  the  Elbe,  Q  m.  above  Wittenberg. 
Elsterberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  Vogtland,  on  the 
White  Elster,  15  m.  S.  W.  Zwickau.  Lon.  10° 
9'E.  Lat.  50°  31' N. 

Ehteru-crda,  t.  Germany,  on  the^Elster,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Pulsnitz,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dresden. 
Lon.  13°  28'  E.  Lat.  51°  25'  N. 

Elstree,  or  Idlestree,  v.  Eng.  in  Hertford  and 
Middlesex,  11m.  fr.  London. 

Eltham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  8  m.  S.  S.  E.  London. 
EUman,  t.  Franconia,  on  the  Maine,  8  m.  W. 
N.  W,  Bamberg.  Lon.  10°  43'  E.  Lat.  49°  58'  N. 
Ellon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  1  m.  fr.  Bury. 
Ellon,  an  extensive  salt  lake  of  Russia,  in  Sara- 
tov. It  yields  about  100,000  tons  annually. 
Ellvil.     See  Ell/eld. 

Elvas,  or  Yelves,  a  strong  frontier  t.  Portugal, 
in  Alentejo,  near  the  Guadiana,  3  leagues  W.  of 
the  Spanish  fortress  of  Badajoz,  50  m.  N.  E.  Evo- 
ra,  112  E.  Lisbon.  Lon.  6°  52'  W.  Lat.  38°  44i 
N.     Pop.  16,000. 

Elven,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  1 1  m.  N.  E.  Van- 
nes.     Pop.  3,900. 

Elvira,  t.  Illinois,  on  the  waters  of  Cash  river. 
Ely,  city,  Eng.  in  Cambridge  co.  on  the  Ouse, 
m  a  marshy  district,  called  the  Isle  of  Ely.  It 
has  a  fine  and  venerable  cathedral,  which  ex- 
tends in  length  517  feet,  having  a  tower  at  the  W. . 
end  270  feet  in  height.  The  bishop  of  Ely  has  a 
civil  jurisdiction  over  the  isle,  combined  with  his 
ecclesiastical  powers,  whereby  he  appoints  a 
judge  to  determine  all  causes,  holds  assizes,  and 
exercises  other  magisterial  functions.  Ely  is  the 
only  city  in  England  not  represented  in  parlia- 
ment Pop.  4,249.  14  m.  N.  Cambridge,  66  N. 
London. 

Ely,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fife  co,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
i  he  frith  of  Forth.     Pop.  886.     6  m.  E.  Largo. 

Ely,   t  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  counties, 
j^ower  Canada,  E.  of  Montreal. 
Elyia,  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 
Elysian-Jidds,  p-v.  Amite  co.  Mississippi. 
Elze,  t.  Hanover,  9  m.  S.  W.  Hildesheim.    Lon. 
;  1°  57'  E.  Lat.  52°  6'  N. 

Embabe,  v.  Egypt,  opposite  to  Boulac  the  port 
cif  Cairo.  Near  Embabe,  was  fought,  in  1798, 
the  battle  between  Bonaparte  and  the  Mamelukes, 
( ailed  the  Battle  of  the  Pyramids. 

Embarrass,  r.  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Wabash,  a 
]  ittle  below  Vincennes. 

Embden,  s-p.  Hanover,  on  the  Ems,  at  its  in- 
flux into  the  North  sea,  at  the  bay  of  Dollart.  It 
has  a  spacious  and  secure  harbor,  Lon.  7°  1 1'  1 " 
E.  Lat.  53°  22' 3"  N. 

Embden,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  Kennebec 
river,  16  m.  N.  Norridgewock.     Pop.  351. 

Embiez,  small  isl.  France,  8  m.  S.  W.  Toulon. 
Lon.  5°  47' E.  Lat.  43^  4'  35"  N. 
Emboli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedon,  at  the 


31 


END 


241 


mouth  of  the  Strymon,  6  m.  W.  Conlcfisa,  45  E. 
Saloniki. 

Embrun,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  55  m.  S.  W. 
Grencble.     Lon.  6°  25'  9"  E.  Lat.  44°  34'  7"  N. 

Embs,  t.  subject  to  Austria,  on  the  Upper 
Rhine,  10  m.  S.  Bregentz. 

Embs,  r.  Holland,  which  runs  into  the  Zuyder 
Zee. 

Emdon  Khal,  v.  Algiers,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Sahara,  58  m.  S.  Seteef. 

Emersonville,  p-t.  Gibson  co.  Indiana. 
Emery'' s  river,  small  r.  Roane  co.  Ten.  runs  into 
Clinch  river,  7  m.  above  Kingston. 

Emfras,  t.  Abyssinia.     Lon.  37°  38'  30"  E-  Lat. 
12°  12' 38"  N. 
Emley.     See  Elmeley. 

Emmanuel,  co.  Geo.  on  Ogechee  river,  which 
separates  it  from  Burke  co. 

Emmaus,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  name  of  2  villages 
inJudea:  one  of  which  was  situated  in  a  plain 
near  Tiberias;  the  other,  of  which  mention  is 
made  in  Luke,  was  in  the  tribe  of  Judah,  about  8 
m.  W.  Jerusalem,  and,  according  to  Nicephorus, 
is  now  called  jYicopolis. 

Emmaus,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
Emmendingen,  t.  Baden,  19  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stras» 
burg.     Lon.  8°  42'  E.  Lat.  48°  75'  N. 

Emmerich,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  5  m.  N.  E.  Cleves.  Lon.  6°  14'  61  ' 
E.  Lat.  51°  49'  52 "  N. 

Emmittsburg,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Md,  between 
Flat  run  and  Tom's  creek,  the  western  sources  of 
Monocasy  river,  1  m.  S.  Pennsylvania  line,  24  N. 
E.  Fredericktown,  50  N.  W.  Baltimore.  Lat.  39® 
10'30"N. 

Emouy,  Amoy,  or  Hiamen,  isl.  China,  near  the 
S.  E.  coast.     Lon.  118°  22'  E.  Lat.  24°  30'  N. 

Empoli,  t.  Tuscany,  on  the  Arno^  18  m.  S.  W, 
Florence. 

Emposta,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Ebro,  14 
m.  S.  Tortosa. 

Ems,  r.  Germany,  whiqh  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Dollart,  in  the  North  sea,  a  little  below  Embden. 
Enara,  an  extensive  lake  of  Swedish  Lapland^ 
40  miles  long,  and  16  broad.  It  communicates 
with  the  North  sea.  Lon.  27°  44'  E.  Lat.  69^ 
15'  N. 

Enckhuysen,  s-p.  Holland,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Zuyder  Zee.  The  chief  eniployment  of  the  in- 
habitants is  ship-building,  the  herring  fishery,  and 
the  manufacture  of  salt.  8  m.  N.  E.  Hoorn,  25 
N.  N.  E.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  5°  17'  41''  E.  Lat. 
52°  42'  22"  N. 

Endeavour  River,  on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lat.  19°  26'  S. 

Endeax'our  Straits,  channel,  which  separates 
the  island  of  New  Guinea  from  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
New  PloUand,  about  30  miles  long,  by  15  wide. 

Endelave,  small  isl.  Denmark,  a  little  to  the  E. 
of  Jutland.     Lon.  10°  16'  E.  Lat.  55°  45'  N. 

Endian,  t,  Persia,  in  Kuzistan,  which  trades 
with  Bassora  and  Bebahan.  Pop.  4,000  or  5,000. 
Lat.  30^  18'  N. 

Eridingen,  t.  Baden,  7  m.  N.  W.  Friburg. 
Endless  Mountains,  a, name  sometimes  given  to 
the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Endor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Manas- 
geh,  4  m.  S.  E.  Mount  Tabor. 

Endrachfs  Land,  or  CoTicord,  an  extensive  low 
and  sterile  tract  of  the  W.  coast  of  New  Holland, 
in  which  is  Dampier  or  Shark's  bay. 

Endrick,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  L©chlo» 
mond. 


242 


E  N  G 


E  N  G 


Endrie,  t.  A.  Russia,  on  the  river  Akatsch,  20 
m.  I'r.  the  Caspian  sea.  It  is  the  joint  property  of 
several  Tartar  princes,  who  acknowledge  the  au- 
thority of  the  Russians. 

Enesei,  or  Yenexei,  r.  Siberia,  which  rises  in  the 
borders  of  Chinese  Tartary,  and,  taking  a  N. 
course,  runs  into  the  Frozen  ocean,  in  Ion.  82°  14' 
E.  lat.  72°  20'  N. 

Eneseisk,  or  Yeneseisk,  t.  Siberia,  in  Tobolsk, 
on  the  Enesei.     Lon.  91°  50'  E.     Lat.  58°  16'  N. 

Evjitld,  t.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  9  m.  N.  London. 

Enjield,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  S.  E.  Dart- 
mouth College,  42  N.  W.  Concord.  Pop.  1,291. 
It  contains  a  village  of  about  40  houses,  which  is 
on  Mascony  pond  ;  and  a  village  of  Shakers. 

Enjield,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side  of 
Belchcrtown. 

Enfield,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E.  side  of 
Connecticut  river,  opposite  Suffield,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  16  m.  N.  Hartford. 
Pap.  1,846.     Here  is  a  settlement  of  Shakers. 

Enjield,  p-t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

Engadine,  a  beautiful  valley  of  Switzerland,  in 
tlie  Grison  country,  along  both  sides  of  the  Inn. 

Engano,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  off  the  S.  W. 
coast  of  Sumatra.     Lon.  102°  20'  E.     Lat.  10*^ 

Engedi,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  wilderness  of 
the  tribe  of  Judah,  near  the  N.  VV.  corner  of  the 
Dead  sea.     Its  earlier  name  was  Hasazon-tamar. 

Engclholm,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  a  bay,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Cattegat,  45  m.  N.  W.  Christianstadt. 
Lon.  12°  52'  45"  E.  Lat.  56^  14'  20"  N. 

Engdsberg,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  22  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Troppau.     Lon.  7°  15'  E.  Lat,  49°  54'  N. 

E^igen,  t.  Baden,  22  m.  W.  Constance.  Lon. 
8°  46'  E.  Lat.  47°  53'  N. 

Enger,  t.  Westphalia,  20  m.  S.  W.  Minden. 
Lon.  8^-  23'  E.  Lat.  52°  8'  N. 

Eiighien,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  15  m.  S. 
W.  Brussels.  Lon.  3°  E.  Lat.  50°  40  N.  Pop. 
3,050. 

Engia,  (an.  ^gina,')  isl.  of  Greece,  situated  in 
the  gulf  of  Engia,  between  the  coasts  of  Livadia 
and  the  Morea.  It  is  about  30  miles  in  circuni- 
ference.  25  m.  S.  S.  W.  Atliens.  Lon.  23°  35' 
E.  Lat.  37°  45'  N. 

Engia,  Gulf  of,  or  Gulf  of  Athe^is,  an  arm  of 
the  Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greece.  It 
is  about  25  miles  wide  at  the  mouth,  and  60  long, 
from  N.  to  S- 

Englaiid,  the  soutliern  and  most  considerable 
division  of  Great  Britain,  bounded  N.  by  Scot- 
land ;  S.  by  the  English  channel,  which  divides  it 
frohf  France  ;  E.  by  the  German  ocean  ;  and  W. 
by  Wales,  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  the  Irish  chan- 
nel. It  is  of  a  triangular  figure,  and  extends 
from  50°  to  55°  40'  N.  lat.  and  from  l^oO'  E.  to  6° 
W.  lon.  From  N.  to  S.  it  is  400  miles  long,  and 
in  some  places  300  broad.  The  superficial  extent 
is  about  50,000  sq.  miles,  or  32,000,000  acres.  Of 
these,  it  is  calculated,  that  about  10,500,000  acres 
are  in  cultivation  for  tillage,  and  about  14,200,000 
in  pasturage ;  3,000,000  more  are  capable  of  be- 
ing brought  into  cultivation.  The  population  of 
England  and  Wales  was  about  5^  millions  in  1700; 
in  1750,  6i  millions;  in  1770,  7i  millions;  in 
1790,8,676,000;  in  1801,  9,168,000  ;  andinlSll, 
30,488,000. 

The  country  is  divided  into  40  counties,  which 
Vill  be  found  in  the  following  table,  with  the  pop- 
ulation and  extent  of  each. 


Area  in 

COUNTIES. 

Population 

square 

in  1811. 

miles. 

Bedlbrd,         -        - 

72,600 

430 

Berks,       -        -        - 

122,300 

744 

Bucks,  - 

121,606 

748 

Cambridge, 

104,500 

686 

Chester, 

234,600 

1,017 

Cornwall, 

233,900 

1,407 

Cumberland,     -     - 

138,300 

1,497 

Derby,      -        -        - 

191,700 

1,077 

Devon, 

396,100 

2,488 

Dorset,      - 

128,900 

1,129 

Durham, 

183,600 

1,040 

Essex,       ... 

260,900 

1,525 

Gloucester,    - 

295,100 

1,122 

Hereford, 

97,300 

'971 

Hertford,       - 

115,400 

602 

Hun  tingdon,     - 

43,700 

345 

Kent, 

385,600 

1,462 

Lancashire, 

856,000 

1,806 

Leicester, 

155,000 

816 

Lincoln, 

245,900 

2,787 

Middlesex,     - 

985,100 

297 

Monmouth, 

64,200 

516 

Norfolk,         -        - 

301,800 

2,013 

Northampton,  - 

146,100 

965 

Northumberland,     - 

177,900 

1,809 

Nottingham,      - 

168,400 

774 

Oxford, 

125,200 

742 

Rutland,            -        - 

17,000 

200 

Salop, 

200,800 

1,403 

Somerset, 

313,300 

1,549 

Southampton,    -     - 

253,300 

1,533 

Stafford,    - 

304,000 

1,196 

Suffolk, 

242,900 

1,566 

Surrey,     -        -        - 

334,700 

811 

Sussex, 

196,500 

1,461 

Warwick, 

236,400 

984 

Westmoreland, 

47,500 

722 

Wilts,    - 

200,300 

1,283 

Worcester,       - 

165,900 

674 

York,  East, 

173,000 

1,268 

North, 

157,600 

2,112 

West, 

675,100 

2,633 

Elngland, 

9,855,400 

60,210 

Wales, 

632,600 

8,125 

110,488,000  58,335 
Of  the  population,  1,789,531  persons  were  em- 
ployed in  trade,  manufactures,  and  handicraft, 
and  1,524,227  in  agriculture.  The  soil  of  Eng- 
land is  various,  but  a  great  proportion  good,  and 
under  excellent  cultivation.  The  principal  pro- 
ductions  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  French 
wheat,  beans,  and  peas.  The  climate  is  liable  to 
sudden  and  frequent  changes,  and  to  great  varia- 
tions of  drj'^ness  and  moisture.  The  general 
range  of  the  thermometer  is  from  86  degrees  in 
summer  to  16  and  10  in  winter.  The  prevailing 
winds  are  the  west  and  south-west. 

The  manufactures  of  England  are  of  prodigious 
extent.  The  manufacture  of  wool  is  one  of  the 
most  ancient.  At  the  end  of  the  15th  centuiy, 
the  total  value  of  woollen  manufactured,  was  es- 
timated at  8,000,000/. ;  in  1783,  at  16,800,000/. ; 
in  1800,  at  19,800,000/. ;  and  it  docs  not  appear 
to  have  increased  much  since.  The  value  of  the 
woollen  manufactures  exported  was,  in  1790, 
5,190,637/.  ;    in    1800,    6,918,175/.  ;    in    1812. 


E  N  G 

5,084,991/.  The  cotton  manufacture  w  9!  rec«ht 
establishment.  In  1705,  the  cotton  imported, 
amounted  to  1,170,881  pounds.  But  the  invention 
of  Sir  Richard  Arkwright's  celebrated  machinery 
ffave  a  rapid  extension  to  the  cotton  manufacture. 
In  1781,  about  five  million  pounds  of  cotton  were 
imported;  in  1787,  22,176,887;  in  1812,  (in- 
cluding Scotland,)  91,662,344;  and  in  1818, 
124,996,427.  The  official  value  of  the  cotton 
manufactures,  and  cotton  yarn,  exported,  ia 
1805,    amounted  to  9,857,348/.  ;   and    in    1815, 

to  17,869,102/. The    hardware  manufactures, 

of  iron  and  steel,  copper  and  brass,  are  next 
in  importance.  The  annual  value  of  the  iron 
and  steel  articles  manufactured,  may  be  esti- 
mated at  10,000,000/.  annually.— The  silk  and 
linen  manufactures  are  carried  on  in  England, 
but  not  to  any  great  extent.  English  earthen- 
ware is  finished  with  beauty  and  taste,  and  in 
great  variety,  principally  at  the  potteries  of  Staf- 
fordshire; and  glass  is  manufactured  in  various 
parts,  chiefly  in  Newcastle,  Sunderland,  and  Bris- 
tol. China  ware  of  a  very  superior  quality  is 
made  in  Derby  and  Worcester.  In  London,  eve- 
ry sort  of  fine  and  elegant  manufacture  is  carried 
on,  such  as  cutlery,  jewellery,  articles  of  gold 
and  silver,  japan  ware,  cut  glass,  cabinet  and 
upholstery  work,  and  gentlemen's  carriages, 
clocks,  watches,  fee. 

The  commerce  of  England  consists  almost 
wholly  in  the  exchange  of  her  manufactures  for 
the  raw  produce  of  other  parts  of  the  world. 
— The  following  is  an  official  account  of  the  value 
of  the  whole  exports  and  imports  of  England  from 
the  year  1719 : 

Years.  Imports.    1     Exports. 

ln\9,  1753677499  L.  6,834,716 

1729,  7,540,620       8,239,924 

1739,  7,829,373       8,843,624 

1749,  7,917,804     12,678,758 

1759,  8,922,976     13,947,788 

1769,  11,908,560     13,438,236 

1779,  1    10,762,240     12,352,052 

1789,  16,408,040     17,989,395 

1799,  24,483,841     31,723,727 

1809,  27,142,541     45,918,663 

1814,  24,362,124     37,647,874 

There  are  employed  in  carrying  on  this  extensive 
trade  about  17,000  vessels,  o"f  the  burden  of  about 
2,100,000  tons,  and  navigated  by  130,000  men  and 
boys. 

The  King  is  considered  the  supreme  head  of  the 
church  of  England.  The  episcopal  establishment 
consists  of  the  two  archbishops  of  Cantei'bury 
and  York,  and  of  24  bishops,  wlio  have  the  privi- 
lege of  a  seat  in  the  house  of  peers.  There  is  also 
the  bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  who  is  not  possessed 
of  this  privilege.  The  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
is  the  primate  of  all  England,  and  takes  prece- 
dence of  all  persons,  with  the  exception  of  the 
royal  family.  The  bishops  of  Eondon,  Durham, 
and  Winchester,  take  precedence  of  all  the  other 
bishops,  and  the  others  rank  according  to  the  sen- 
iority of  their  consecrations.  The  next  order  is 
that  of  the  archdeacons,  of  whom  there  are  about 
50 ;  after  these  are  the  deacons,  vicars,  rectors, 
snd  curates,  on  whom  devolve  the  substantial  du- 
ties of  the  priesthood.  The  revenue  appropriated 
i,o  the  support  of  the  church  of  England,  may  be 
estimated  at  about  3,000,000/.  which  is  principally 
■lerived  from  tithes. 

The  con°fitutionof  England  is  a  limited  mon- 


E  N  T 


^43 


farchy.  The  executive  powers  are  vested  in  the 
king,  who  acts  through  the  medium  of  responsible 
advisers.  The  legislative  power  resides  in  the 
king,  lords,  and  commons.  The  commons  are 
elected  by  the  people  as  their  representatives,  to 
watch  over  their  interests,  and  to  act  as  a  control 
on  the  executive.  Justice,  both  civil  and  crimin- 
al, is  administered  by  judges  appointed  by  the 
crown,  but  who  hold  their  offices  independent  of 
it. — For  farther  particulars  respecting  England- 
see  Britain. 

Engle/ield,  v.  Eng.  in  Berks,  5  m.  W.  Reading. 

English  Cote,  bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  New 
Ireland,  7  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cape  St.  George. 

English  Harbor,  a  fine  harbor  in  the  island  of 
Antigua,  on  the  S.  shore.  Lon.  6P  27' 30"  W. 
Lat.  17°8'25"N. 

English  Island,  or  Long  Island,  small  isl.  near 
the  coast  of  Natolia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  guff 
of  Smyrna.     Lon.  26°  24'  E.  Lat.  38°  38'  N. 

English  neighborhood,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  a 
N.  E.  branch  of  the  Hackinsac,  W,  of  Fort  Lee» 

English  Point,  cape,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
Lon.  ~6\°  45'  W.  Lat.  49°  40'  N.— There  is  an« 
other  cape  of  this  name,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Neyr- 
loundland.     Lon.  53°  29'  W.  Lat.  46°  49'  N. 

English  town,  p-v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  18  m. 
E.  Princeton,  2)  W.  Shrewsbury. 

English  turn,  {Detour  des  ^7iglois,)  a  bend  of 
Mississippi  river,  18  m.  below  New  Orleans,  87 
above  the  Balize.     It  is  defended  by  forts. 

Enguias,  r.  of  the  Sahara,  in  Africa,  which 
falls  into  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  26=  40^  N. 

Enlcioping,  t.  Sweden,  21  m.  S.  W.  Upsal. 

Ennezat,  t.  France,  in  ?uy  de  Dome,  G  m.  E« 
N.  E.  Riom. 

Ennis,  or  Clare,  t  Ireland,  cap.  of  Clare  co.  on 
the  Fergus,  17  m.  N.  W.  Limerick,  112  S.  W. 
Dublin. 

Enniscorthy,  t.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  10  m.  E. 
W^exford,  59  S.  W.  Dublin. 

Enniskillen,  t.  Ireland,  cap.  of  Fermanagh  co. 
on  an  island  in  Lough  Erne,  10  m.  N.  Wexfordv 
Pop.  3,208. 

Enns,  t.  Austria,  42  m.  E.  S.  E.  Passau,  80  W. 
Vienna.     Lon.  14°  29' E.    Lat.  48^20' N. 

Enns,  r.  Austria,  which  riseS  in  the  duchy  of 
Saltzburg,  flows  through  Styria,  and  Lower 
Austria,  and  falls  into  the  Danube,  at  the  town 
of  Enns.  It  is  navigable  in  the  lower  part  q[  its 
course,  but  in  Styria  it  has  several  considerable 
cataracts. 

Eno,  r.  jS.  C.  which  unites  with  Little  river 
and  Flat  river,  17  m.  below  Hillsborough,  in  Or- 
ange CO.  to  form  the  Neuse. 

Enon,  in  Sac,  Geog.  t.  between  Salim  and  the 
Jordan,  about  8  m.  S.  Bethshan,  and  52  N,  E.  Je- 
rusalem. 

Enoree,  r.  S.  C.  a  N.  W.  branch  of  Broad  river. 
Its  mouth  is  3  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Tyger 
river. 

Enos,  maritime  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  28 
m.N.W.  Gallipoli,  63  S.  Adrianople.  Lon.  26° 
1'  E.  Lat.  40°  40'  N.  Pop.  7,750.  It  is  the  en- 
trepot of  all  the  merchandize  interchanged  be- 
tween Adrianople  and  Smyrna. 

Enosburg,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Missisque 
river,  35  m.  N.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  704. 

Enowlawkaia,  v.  A.  Russia,  in  Astrakhan,  20 
m.  S.  E.  Tchernoyar. 

Ensene.     See  Made. 

Entraigues,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  at  the  con- 
flueD(ie  of  the  Truyere  and  Lot,  1 8  m.  N.  Rhodez* 


244 


£  P  H 


E  R  I 


Entnuras,  i.  France,  in  Mayeune,  6  m.  from 
Laval. 

Enlre  Ducro  e  MinJio,  the  mo?t  northern  prov- 
ifnce  of  Portugal.  Its  capital  is  Braga,  but  its  lar- 
gest town  is  Oporto.  Pop.  900,000.  It  produces 
maize,  oil,  fruit,  and  the  well  known  port  wine. 

Entrevaux,  t.  France,  on  the  Var,  16  m.  E.N, 
E.  Castellane.  Lon.  (P  48'  47'  E.  Lat  43''*  56' 
39"  N. 

Enz,  small  r.  Baden  and  Wirtemberg,  which 
flows  into  the  Neckar. 

EnzelH,  t.  Persia,  in  Ghilan,  on  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  the  Caspian  sea,  6  m.  N.  Reshd. 

Enzersdorf,  small  fortified  t.  Lower  Austria, 
near  which  was  the  great  battle  of  Aspern,  9  m. 
E.  Vienna,  24  W.  Presburg. 

Eo,  or  Miranda,  r.  Spain,  which  separates  the 
p'rovince  of  Asturias  from  Galicia,  and  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  N.  of  Rivandeo. 

Eooa,  or  Middkburg,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
the  most  eastern  of  the  Friendly  islands.  Lon. 
174°  30'  E.  Lat.  21°  24'  S. 

Epe,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Gufelderland,  10  m.  N. 
by  W.  De venter. 

Eperies,  t.  Hungary,  in  Scharosch,  on  the  Tar- 
za,  1.5  m.  N.  Caschau.  Lon.  21°  15'  E.  Lat.  48^ 
SB'  N.     Pop.  7,400. 

Epcfnay,  t.  France,  on  tlte  Marne,  14  m.  S. 
Rheims.  "  Lon.  3°  58'  E.  Lat.  49°  3'  N. 

EpemoU)  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loir,  13  m.  N. 
E.  Chartres. 

Ephcsdammhn,  or  Pasdammim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a 
place  in  the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Ephesus,  anciently  one  of  the  most  splendid 
cities  of  Asia  Minor,  and  considered  the  metropolis 
of  all  Asia  ;  39  m.  S.  Smyrna,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Cayster.  Lon.  27°  37'  E.  Lat.  37°  50'  N. 
The  most  eminent  masters  both  in  sculpture  and 
painting,  were  natives  of  this  city,  and  contributed 
to  adorn  its  temples  with  their  choicest  works. 
But  the  great  ornament  of  Ephesus  was  the  cele- 
brated temple  of  Diana,  which  was  built  at  the 
joint  expence  of  all  the  states  of  Asia ;  and  for  its 
structure,  size,  and  the  splendour  of  its  decora- 
tions, was  accounted  one  of  the  wonders  of  the 
world.  The  temple  was  425  feet  in  length,  and 
200  in  breadth,  supported  by  127  pillars  of  Parian 
marble,  and  of  the  Ionic  order,  each  60  feet  in 
height.  These  pillai-s  were  the  works  of  so  many 
kings,  and  36  of  them  were  curiously  carved  by 
Soopas,  one  of  the  most  famous  sculptors  of  anti- 
quity. Each  pillar,  with  its  base,  was  calculated 
to  contain  150  tons  of  marble.  It  was  extremely 
rich  in  its  internal  decorations,  and  contained  va- 
rious statues  and  pictures,  some  of  which  were  the 
most  perfect  productions  of  antiquity.  Tliie  cele- 
brated edifice  was  destroyed  during  the  invasion 
of  the  Goths,  A.  D.  260.  Ephesus  is  now  a  mis- 
erable village  of  mud  cottages,  with  about  a  dozen 
t-mall  square  buildings  of  brick,  and  inhabited  by 
40  or  50  families  of  Turkish  herdsmen,  who  live  in 
extreme  wretchedness,  without  one  Christian 
among  them  ;  so  completely  has  the  glory  jf  the 
ancient  city  passed  away. 

EpJiraim,  Mount,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  range  cf  hills 
in  the  tribes  of  Ephraim  and  Benjamin. 

Ephratah,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Bethlehem,, 

Ephrata,  or  Dunkard'' s town,  p-t.  Lancaster  co. 
Pa,  on  Cocalico  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Conestago, 
12  m.  N.  Lancaster,  GO  W.  Philadelphia.  It  is 
settled  by  a  religioijs  sect  from  Germany,  called 
Dunkers, 


Epidaunis,  v.  of  the  Morea,  in  Argolis,  with  a 
good  port, 

Epilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  17  m.  W.  Sara- 
gossa. 

Epinac,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and- Loire,  11  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Autun. 

Epinnl,  t.  France,  capitalofVosges,  on  the  Mo- 
selle, 10  m.  N.  W.  llemiremont.  Lon.  6°  34'  E- 
Lat.  48°  12'  N.     Pop.  7,500. 

Epingen,  t.  Baden,  18  m.  S.  S  E.  Heidelberg. 

Epirus,  an  extensive  country  in  the  N.  W.  part 
of  Greece,  stretching  along  the  eastern  side  of  the 
Adriatic,  from  the  Acroceraunian  mountains  to 
the  river  Arta.  It  now  constitutes  the  southern 
part  of  Albania. 

Episcopi.     See  Piscopia. 

Epping,  t,  Eng.  in  Essex,  17  m.  N,  N,  E.  Lou- 
don, 

Epping,  p-t.  Rockingham  co,  N.  H.  20  m.  W, 
Portsmouth,     Pop,  1,182. 

Epsom,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  15  m,  S.  London. 

Epsom,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H,  10  m.  E. 
Concord,  45  N.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,156, 

Epicorth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln,  situated  on  the  isle 
of  Axholm,  11  m.  N.  Gainsborough. 

Erahliere,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Wabash,  on 
the  N.  side,  between  Fort  Harrison  and  Tippeca- 
noe creek. 

Eraklea,  (an.  Heradea,)  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, on  the  sea  of  Marmora,  18  m.  S.  Rodosto, 
46  W.  Constanthiople.     Pop,  7,000. 

Erbach,  county  of  Franconia,  in  the  tract  called 
the  Odenwald.  Pop,  about  24,200,  Erbach,  the 
capital,  is  20  m.  N,  E,  Manheim. 

Erbil,  (an.  Arbela,)  t.  Persia,  in  the  pachalic  of 
Bagdad,  near  which  Alexander  the  Great  defeat- 
ed Darius.  60  m.  E.  Mosul.  Lon.  43°  20'  E.  Lat, 
36°  11'  N. 

Erfurt,  t.  Saxony,  now  belonging  to  Prussia,  on 
the  Gera.  The  population,  18,000,  is  partly  Lu- 
theran, and  partly  Catholic,  A  university  wa? 
founded  here  in  1392,  but  was  suppressed  in  1816. 
Erfurt  has  a  well  built  citadel  on  an  eminence, 
called  Petei-sberg,  The  inhabitants  are  partly 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  woollens  and  silk. 
12  m.  W,  Weimar,  110  W,  Dresden,  160  E.  Co- 
logne,    Lon,  1 1°  2'  26"  E.  Lat.  50°  58'  45"  N, 

Eri,  r,  Italy,  in  the  Popedom,  which  falls  into 
the  Tuscan  sea.  13  m,  from  Civita  Vecchia. 

Eribale,  Lock,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  on  the  coast 
of  Scotland,  in  Sutherland. 

Ericeyra,  t,  Portugal,  on  the  sea  coast,  20  m.  N- 
W,  Lisbon, 

Ericho,  (an.  Oricum,)  harbour  of  Albania,  in 
the  gulf  of  Avlona, 

Erich',  r,  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  falls  into  the 
Isla  near  Cupar, 

Erie,  co.  the  N.  W,  corner  of  Pa.  bounded  N. 
by  Lake  Erie,  E.  by  New-York,  S.  by  CrawfoixJ 
CO,  and  W.  by  Ohio,  Pop.  3,758,  Chief  town, 
Erie. 

Erie,  co.  N.  Y,  taken,  in  1821,  from  Niagara 
county. 

Eric,  or  Presqiie  isle,  p-t,  and  cap.  Erie  co.  Pa. 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  S,  side  of  Lalte  Erie,  on 
the  mai-gin  of  a  bay  formed  by  Presque  isle  ;  80 
m.  S.  S.  W,  Bufi-alo,  136  N,  Pittsburg,  100  E. 
Cleveland,  Pop.  394,  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  and  printing  office.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bour tor  small  vessels,  but  the  entrance  is  narrow 
and  difficult.  The  trade  of  the  town  is  already 
considerable.  The  shipping,  ia  1815,  amounted  to 


E  R  L 

249  tons.  Thfi  portag:e  between  tliis  place  and 
French  creek,  one  of  the  branches  of  Alleghany 
river,  is  only  16  miles,  and  a  turnpike  has  been 
completed  through  this  distance. 

Erie  canal.    See  J^ew-  Vork,  State  of. 

Erie,  Fort,  a  fort,  with  a  small  villag-e,  in  Ber- 
tie, Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Erie,  opposite  Black  rock,  N.  Y.  18  m.  ajbove  the 
fells  of  Niagara. 

Erie  lake,  N.  America,  between  41°  20'  and  43° 
N.  lat.  and  between  79°  50'  and  83°  20'  W.  Ion. 
The  boundary  between  the  U.  States  and  Up- 
per Canada  runs  through  the  centre  of  the  lake. 
It  is  290  miles  long  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  ;  in  the 
widest  part  63^  broad,  and  in  circumference  658 
miles.  It  receives  the  waters  of  Lakes  Superior, 
Michigan,  Huron,  and  St.  Clair,  through  Detroit 
river,  and  discharges  itself  into  Lake  Ontario 
through  Niagara  river.  Its  greatest  depth  is  40 
and  45  fathoms,  and  it  has  many  good  harbours. 
This  lake  is  finely  situated  for  commerce.  On 
the  N.  W.  it  is  connected  by  an  easy  navigation 
with  the  upper  lakes.  On  the  S.  the  rivers  which 
flow  into  it  interlock  with  the  branches  of  Ohio 
river,  and  canals  might  be  made  in  several  pla- 
ces at  a  trifling  expense,  which  would  open  the 
navigation,  and  connect  the  lake  with  the  vast 
valley  of  the  Mississippi.  On  the  E.  a  Grand  ca- 
nal is  now  in  in  progress  to  connect  it  with  the 
Hudson.  Gales  of  wind  frequently  occur  late  in 
the  fall,  and  bring  with  them  a  heavy  swell,  with 
every  characteristic  of  a  gale  of  wind  at  sea  ;  but 
the  lake  affords  a  safe  navigation  7  montlis  of  the 
year.  The  amount  of  shipping  on  the  lake  be- 
longing to  the  U.  States,  in  1819,  was  2,334  tons. 
A  steam-boat  regularly  plies  from  May  to  Novem- 
ber between  Buffalo  and  Detroit  through  the 
whole  length  of  the  lake.  A  battle  was  fought 
here  on  the  10th  Sept.  1813,  between  the  Ameri- 
can fleet  imder  Commodore  Perry,  and  the  British 
fleet,  in  which  the  latter  was  taken. 

Erieville,  p-v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Erimo-Kastro,  t.  Greece,  in  Livadia,  on  the 
eastern  declivity  of  Mount  Helicon. 

Erin,  t.  Indiana  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  Port 
William,  at  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river,  10  m. 
below  Vevay,  and  12  above  Madison.  It  is  on 
elevated  ground,  and  was  laid  out  in  1815. 

Erith,  V.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  Thames,  2  m.  E. 
Woolwich. 

Eritria,  -(an.  Eri/lhra,)  t.  Natolia,  36  m.  W. 
Smyrna. 

Erivan,  sometimes  called  Persian  Armenia,  a 
province  of  Persia,  bounded  S.  by  the  river  Arax- 
es.  The  principal  towns  are  Erivan  and  Nacsi- 
van. 

Erivan,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Erivan,  13 
on  the  Tergui,  which  falls  into  the  Araxes,  3 
leagues  below.  It  is  commanded  by  a  spacious 
eastle  built  on  a  steep  rock.  It  has  suffered  se- 
verely from  repeated  sieges,  which  have  reduced 
it  to  a  ruinous  condition.  Loq.  44°  35'  E.  Lat. 
40°20'N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Erkelens,  t.  Prussian  states,  28  m.  N.  E.  Aix-la- 
Chapelle.    Lon.  6°  13'  E.  Lat.  51°  8'  N. 

Erlack,  t.  Switzerland,  15  m.  W.  N,  W.  Bern. 

Erlan,  t.  Hungary.  The  population,  in  num- 
ber about  15,000,  is  of  mixed  descent,  being  Ger- 
mans, Hungarians,  and  Rascians.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop,  and  the  seat  of  a  university.  The  cita- 
del is  strong  and  stands  on  alofty  rock.  The  town 
jtly  in  formrr  times  in  tbo  Turkish 


E  R  Z 


24^ 


wars.    38  m,  N.  E.  Buda,  120  E.  S.  E.  Vienna. 
Lon.  20°  21'  45"  E.  Lat.  47°  53'  54"  N. 

Erlangen,  t.  Bavaria.  It  has  a  university.  1 1 
m.  N.  Nuremberg,  19  S.  Bamberg.  Lon.  11°  4' 
E.  Lat.  49°  35'  36"  N. 

Erlenbach,  v.  Bavarian  states,  in  the  circle  of 
the  Rhine,  near  Kaiserslautern. 

Erlenbach,  v.  Switzerland,  18  m.  S.  Berne. 

Ermenonville,  v.  France,  in  Oise,  5  m.  S.  E.  Sen- 
lis. 

Ematia,  t.  Natolia,  on  the  gulf  of  Satalia,  16  m. 
N.  W.  Satalia.     Lon.  30°  24'  E.  Lat.  36°  50'  N. 

Erne,  r.  Ireland,  which  flows  into  the  bay  of 
Donegal,  3  m.  below  Ballyshannon. 

Erne,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  English  chan^ 
nel,  5  m,  S.  S.  W,  Modbury. 

Ernee,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  Mayenne.  Pop. 
4,750. 

Ernest,  t.  in  Lenox  and  Haddington  co.  Uf^er 
Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario,  W.  of  Kingston,  ad- 
joining. It  is  sheltered  from  the  Lake  by  Amherst 
island. 

Emspach,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  4  m. 
N.  Oliringen. 

Erouad,  a  fortified  t.  Hindostan.  Lon.  77°  50' 
E.Lat.  11°  19' xN. 

Erqui,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  France,  in  Cotes  du 
Nord.     Lon.  2°  37'  W.  Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

Erreef,  or  Rif,  province  of  Morocco,  on  the 
Mediterranean. 

Erro,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Bormida,  3 
m.  S.  W.  Acqui. 

Erroad,  or  Erodu,  t.  Hind,  in  Coimbetoor,  104  m. 
S.E.  Seringapatam.  Lon. 77° 50' E.Lat.  11°  19'N. 

Errol,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  104  m.  N.  Concord,  25 
from  Stratford,  on  Connecticut  river. 

Erromango,  isl.  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Lon. 
169°  20'  E.  Lat.  13°  50'  S. 

Erroor,  t,  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76°  39'  E. 
Lat.  13°  48' N. 

Erstein,  t.  Alsace,  on  the  III,  12  m.  S.  Strasburg. 

Ert  Holmer,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Baltic,  be- 
longing to  Denmark  ;  8  m.  N.  E.  Bornholm. 

Encash,  r.  Eug.  which  falls  into  tlie  Trent,  4  m. 
S.  W,  Nottingham. 

Erwina,  p-v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Erwinsville,  p-v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C. 

Erxas,  r.  Portugal,  which  separates  the  prov- 
ince of  Beirafrom  Spanish  Estremadura. 

Erzemm,  the  chief  city  of  Annenia,  and  cap.  of 
a  pachalic  of  the  same  name.  Manufactures  ol 
considerable  extent  are  established  here,  and  an 
extensive  trade  is,  carried  on  in  copper,  and  in  ar- 
ticles from  Persia,  and  the  countries  N.  W.  of 
Hindostan.  The  population  amounts  to  100,000 
or  130,000,  Turks,  Greeks,  Persians,  and  Arme- 
nians. 250  m.  N.  N.  E.  Aleppo.  Lon.  40°  57'  E. 
Lat.  39°  57'  N. 

Erzgebirg,  (i.  e.  Metalliferous  Mountains,)  a 
chain  of  mountains  in  the  heart  of  Germany, 
which  run  between  Saxony  and  Bohemia,  until 
they  meet  the  Iliesengebirg,  on  the  frontiers  o^' 
Silesia. 

Erzgebirg,  a  circle  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony, 
separated  from  Bohemia  by  the  Erzgebirg  moun- 
tains. Pop.  460,000.  Its  principal  towns  ai'e 
Freyberg,  Altenhurg,  Chemnitz,  and  Zwickau; 
its  chief  branch  of  industry  is  the  working  of  thf; 
mines.  Here  are  found  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead,  co- 
balt, bismuth,  and  arsenic  ;  the  yearly  produce 
though  fluctuating,  is  computed  from  300,000  /.  tft 
400,000  /,  sterling  ;  tho  munb'^v  erf  miners  at 
12.000, 


246 


£  S  K 


Esaro,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  which  falls 
inttf  the  sea  near  Crotona. 

Escala,  La,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Mediterranean,  22  m,  E.  Gerona.  Lon.  2° 
57' W.  Lat.  42*^7  N. 

Escalona,  L  Spain,  in  Toledo,  on  the  Alberche, 
20  m.  N.  W.  Toledo,  32  S.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  4P 
37'  W.  Lat.  40°  15'  N. 

Escambia,  r.  rises  in  Alabartaa^  and  running  into 
W.  Florida,  joins  the  Conecah  on  the  W.  side. 
Sometimes  the  Conecah,  which  is  the  principal 
stream,  is  called  Escambia. 

Escape  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Revilla  Gigedo.  Lon.  228°  30'  E.  Lat.  55° 
37'  N. 

Escatari,  small  isl.  Lower  Canada,  about  5  m. 
N.  Louisburg,  in  the  island  of  Cape  Breton. 

Eschwege,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse  Cassel,  on  the 
Werra,27m.  E.  S.  E.  Cassel. 

Escudo  de  Veragua,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Veragua.     Lon.  81°  5'  W.  Lat.  8°  N. 

Escurial,  v.  Spain,  20  m.  N.  W.  Madrid,  and 
celebrated  for  its  palace,  accounted  by  the  Span- 
iards the  8th  wonder  of  the  world.  This  magnifi- 
cent structure  was  erected  by  Philip  IL  in  com- 
memoration of  the  victory  of  St.  Quentin,  at  an 
expence  of  nearly  3,000,000/.  sterling.  The  royal 
apartments  contain  the  finest  paintings,  arranged  in 
two  adjoining  galleries.  The  library  contains  a 
valuable  collection  of  manuscripts  and  old  books. 
There  are  beautiful  gardens  adjacent  to  the  pal- 
ace.    Lon.  4°  7'  50"  W.  Lat.  40°  35'  50"  N. 

Esens,  t.  Hanover,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Emden.  Lxin. 
7°  30'  E.  Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Esfere,  or  Ashfera,  t.  Turkestan,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  Jihon,  20  m.  S.  E.  Kojend. 

Esgreville,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  9  m. 
S.  E.  Nemours. 

,    Esgueira,  t  Portugal,  in  Beira,  8  m.  S.  Ave- 
iro. 

Eshaness,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mainland, 
the  largest  of  the  Shetland  islands.  Lon.  2°  4'  W. 
Lat.  60°  38' N. 

Eshref.     See  Asheref. 

Eshfaol,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  plainsof  Judah, 
belonging  to  the  tribe  of  Dan. 

Eshy-Adalia,  (an.  Side,)  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
on  the  coast  of  Caramania,  now  in  ruins. 

Esino,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Ven- 
ice between  Ancona  and  Senigaglia. 

Esk,  r.  Scotland,  which,  after  forming  the 
boundary  of  the  two  kingdoms  for  some  miles,  en- 
ters England,  and  falls  into  the  Solway  frith. 

Esk,  North,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  at  Musselburgh,  5  m.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Esk,  North,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
German  ocean  about  3  m.  N.  Montrose. 

Esk,  Soutli,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
North  Esk  below  Dalkeith. 

Esk,  South,  r.  Scotland,  in  Forfar,  which  falls 
into  the  sea  at  Montrose. 

Eski-hissar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  16  m.  W. 
Mogla. 

Eskilstuna,  t.  Sweden,  54  m.  W.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  16°  18'  E.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. 

Eskimaux.    See  Labrador. 

Eskimatix  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  57°  50'  W.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Eskimaux,  cape  in  Hudson's  bay,  Lon.  94^ 
50'  W.  Lat.  61°  12'  N. 

Eskimaux  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon. 
63°  W.  Lat  50°  15'  N. 


ESS 

Eski-Sagray  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  60 
m.  E.  by  N.  Fhilippopoli.     Pop.  said  to  be  20,000. 

Esla,  r,  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  Douro,  be- 
tween  Miranda  de  Douro  and  Zamora. 

Esmeraldas,  t.  Caraccas,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Orinoco,  near  the  junction  of  the  Cassiquiari. 
Lon.  66°  3'  W.  Lat.  3°  11'  N. 

Esmeraldas,  province  on  the  coast  of  Quito,  be- 
tween Guayaquil  sind  Barbacoas,  Esmeraldas, 
the  port,  is  in  lat.  0°  53'  N. 

Esne,  or  Asne,  (an,  LatopoHs,)  t.  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile,  and  the  last  place  of  any  magnitude  on  the 
side  of  Nubia ;  chiefly  remarkable  for  the  ruins 
of  the  ancient  city.  Lon.  32°  44'  41"  E.  Lat.  25'» 
17'  38"  N. 

Esopus,  t  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  4  m. 
below  Kingston.  Pop.  1,026.  The  \.oyn\.oi Kings- 
ton is  sometimes  called  Esopus. 

Esopus,  creek,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  runs  into  the 
Hudson  at  Saugerties,  11m.  below  Catskill. 

Espartil,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  a  lit- 
tle N.  of  Formentera.  Lon.  1°  25'  E.  Lat.  38° 
48'  N. 

Esperance,  p-v.  in  Schoharie,  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  Schoharie-village,  26  m.  W.  Al- 
bany. 

EsperanceBay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland. 
Lon.  121°  47'  14"  E.  Lat.  33°  55'  17"  S. 

Espichel,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal. 
Lat.  38"^  23'  N. 

Espiers,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  de- 
partment of  Jemappe,  8  m.  N.  Tournay. 

Espinosa  de  las  Monteros,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, 30  m.  W.  Burgos. 

Espiritu-Santo.     See  Spiritu  Santo. 

Esposenda,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre-Douro-e-Min- 
ho,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cavado,  22  m.  N.  Opor- 
to.    Lon.  8°  24'  W.  Lat.  41°  32'  N. 

Esquimaux.     S*e  Eskimaux. 

Esseck,  t.  and  fort,  Austrian  empire,  in  Sclavo- 
nia,  on  the  Drave,  2  miles  above  its  influx  into 
the  Danube.  80  m.  N.  VV.  Belgrade.  Lon.  18° 
42'  5"  E.  Lat.  45°  34'  13"  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Essen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Berg,  16  m.  N.  N.- 
E.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  6-=  57'  E.  Lat.  51°  27'  49'  N. 
Pop.  4,300. 

Essequebo,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic in  lon.  59°  W.  lat.  6°  45'  N.  It  is  of  very 
dilficult  navigation,  owing  to  the  banks  of  sand 
which  run  across  the  entrance. 

Essequebo,  a  province  of  Guiana,  lying  along 
the  banks  of  Essequebo  river.  It  formerly  belong- 
ed to  the  Dutch,  but  was  finally  ceded  to  Britain 
at  the  peace  of  1814.  It  produces  coffee,  cotton, 
cocoa,  and  sugar. 

Essex,  a  maritime  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by 
Cambridge  and  Suffolk,  E.  by  the  German  ocean. 
S.  by  the  Thames,  which  separates  it  from  Kent, 
and'W.  by  Hertford  and  Middlesex.  It  contains 
1,473  square  miles,  or  942,720  acres,  of  which 
50,000  are  in  woods  and  plantations,  and  15,000 
waste.  It  has  long  been  famed  for  the  excellence 
of  its  wheat.  Pop.  in  1811,  252,473.  Families, 
51,643 ;  of  which  number  28,517  were  engaged 
in  agriculture,  and  14,182  in  manufactures. 

Essfx,  CO.  Up.  Canada  ;  comprises  the  country 
between  Lake  St.  Clair  and  Lake  Erie,  bounded 
W.  by  Detroit  river,  and  E.  by  Suffolk  co.  Chief 
town,  Amherstburg. 

Essex,  CO.  the  N.  E.  part  of  Vermont,  bounded 
N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  which 
separates  it  from  New-Hampshire.  S.  by  Caledn- 


t  ST 

ula  CO.  aud  W.  by  Orleans  co.    Pop.  3,087.   Chief 
towu,  Guildhall. 

Essex,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  river,  8 
m.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  957. 

Essexy  CO.  "Mass.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state. 
Pop.  71,888.  The  principal  towns  are  Salem, 
Newburyport,  Marblehead,  Gloucester  and  Ips- 
wich. The  amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  was 
86,672  tons. 

Essex,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  Chebacco  river,  2  m. 
above  its  mouth,  5  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ipswich,  12  m,  N. 
E.  Salem.  The  river  is  navigable  for  sloops  of  60 
tons.  Here  are  built  the  boats  called  Chebacco 
boats.  Essex  formerly  constituted  the  S.  parish  of 
Ipswich,  and  was  called  Chebacco. 

Essex,  CO.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Champlain,  bounded 
N.  by  Clinton  and  Franklin  cos.  E.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  S.  by  Washington  CO.  and  W.  by  Montgome- 
ry and  Franklin  cos.  Pop.  9,477.  Chief  town, 
Elizabethtown. 

Essex,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Champlain, 
136  m.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,186.  The  Split 
rock,  in  this  town,  is  a  rock  projecting  50  yards 
into  the  Lake,  the  point  of  which,  consisting  of 
about  i  an  acre  and  covered  with  trees,  is  remov- 
ed from  the  main  rock  about  20  feet.  The  height 
of  the  rock  on  each  side  of  the  fissure  is  about  12 
feet  above  the  water. 

Essex,  CO.  N.  J.  on  Hudson  river,  opposite  New- 
York,  bounded  N.  by  Bergen  co.  E.  by  Bergen  co. 
and  Newark  bay,  S.  by  Middlesex  co.  and  W.  by 
Somerset  and  Morris  cos.  Pop.  25,984.  Chief 
towns,  Newark  and  Elizabethtown. 

Essex,  CO.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Rappahannock, 
which  separates  it  from  Richmond  co.  and  inclo- 
sed on  the  other  sides  by  Middlesex,  King  Will- 
iam, and  Caroline  counties.  Pop.  9,376.  Slaves, 
5,679.    Chief  town,  Tappahannock. 

Essington  Port,  an  extensive  sound  on  the  coast 
of  New  Cornwall,  in  N.  America.  Lon.  230°  12' 
E.  Lat.  54°  14'  N. 

Essling,  V.  Austria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dan- 
ube, about  2  leagues  below  Vienna  ;  near  which 
a  battle  was  fought  between  Bonaparte  and  the 
Austrians  on  the  21st  and  22d  May,  1809. 

Esslingen,  t.  W irtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  6  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Stulgard,  34  N.  W.  Ulm.  Lon.  9°  23'  E. 
Lat.  48°  45' N.     Pop.  7,200. 

Essomes,  t.  Prance,  in  Aisne,  3  m.  S.  W.  Chat- 
eau-Thierry. 

Essonne,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  Paris. 

Estachar,  Estaker,  or  Istachar,  t.  Persia,  in 
Kuzistan,  near  which  are  the  ruins  of  the  celebra- 
ted Persepolis.  These  stand  on  a  plain  usually 
called  Murdasjo,  105  miles  in  length,  and  6  in 
breadth,  which  is  said  to  have  contained  880  villa- 
ges. 30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Schiras,  160  S.  S.  E.  Ispa- 
han.    Lon.  53°  40'  E.  Lat.  30°  5'  N. 

Estafort,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  9  m. 
S.  Agen. 

Estaire,  t.  France,  on  the  Lys,  dep.  of  North, 
14m. W.Lille.    Pop.  5,700, 

Eslampes,  or  Loet,  small  r.  France,  which,  uni- 
ted with  the  Juine,  forms  the  Essonne. 

Estardi,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Catalonia. 
Lon.3°  I'E.  Lat.  42°4'N. 

Estavayer,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Friburg,  13  m.  W. 
Friburg. 
I  Esle,  t.  Venetian  territory,  at  the  conflux  of  the 

'       Bacchiglione  and  Gua.      13  m.  S.  W.  Padua,  36 

I E.  Mantua.     Lon.  11°  39'  50"  E.  Lat.  45°  13'  21" 

■■^  Pop.  6,000. 


E  T  N 


24- 


Estella  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  81  m.  S.  W.  Pam- 
peluna.     Lon.  2°  5'  W.  Lat.  42°  39'  N. 

Eslenaurt/.     See  Oostenalah. 

Estepond,  t.  Spain,  25  m.  E.  N,  E.  Gibraltar. 

Esterabad.     See  Asterabad. 

Esther  Island,  isl.  in  Prince  William's  sound, 
N.  W.  coast  of  America.    Lat.  60°  50'  N. 

Esthertown,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah,  7  m.  above  Harrisbui^. 

Esthonia,  or  Revel,  a  government  of  Eu.  Rus- 
sia, extending  along  the  south  side  of  the  gulf  ol' 
Finland.  It  contains  10,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
240,000.  The  lower  orders  were  little  else  than 
serfs,  until  the  present  age ;  an  imperial  ukase 
issued  in  1816,  pronounced  their  liberation,  which 
is  to  take  place  gradually  in  the  course  of  14 
years. 

Estle,  or  Estell,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  2,082.  Slaves, 
133.    At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Estopacky  river,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Alabama. 

Estrella,r.  Guatimala,  which  enters  the  Pacifie 
in  lat.  9°  5'  N. 

Estreraadura,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  W. 
by  Portugal,  N.  by  Salamanca,  E.  by  Toledo,  and 
S.  by  Cordova.  Pop.  430,000.  Badajos  is  the 
capital. 

Estremadura,  province,  Portugal,  bounded  N, 
by  Beira,  E.  by  Beira  and  Alentejo,  S.  by  Alente- 
jo,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  Pop.  830,000.  The 
principal  products  are  wine,  oil,  honey,  and  fruit. 
The  part  on  the  Tagus  looks  like  a  continued  gar- 
den. 

Estremos,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  on  the  Tar- 
ra.  It  is  one  of  the  chief  fortresses  in  the  kingdom. 
24  m.  N.  E.  Evora,  48  W.  Badajoz,  80  E.  Lisbon. 
Lon.  7°  23'  W.  Lat.  38°  46'  N.     Pop.  6,500. 

Etam,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Etampes,  t.  France,  in  Seine  and  Oise,  28  m.  S. 
by  W.  Paris.  Pop.  8,000.  Lon.  2°  4'  E.  Lat.  48° 
35' N. 

Etaples,  s-p.  France,  on  the  English  channel, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Canche,  1 1  m.  S.  E.  Boulogne, 
Lon.  1°  38'  31"  E.  Lat.  50°  30' 44"  N. 

Elaweh,  fort  and  cap.  of  Etaweh  district,  on  tho 
E.  bank  of  the  Jumna.  It  carries  on  a  considera- 
ble traffic  in  grain,  sugar,  and  cotton.  Lon.  78° 
58'  E.  Lat.  26°  46'  N. 

Etham,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  Wilderness 
of  Zur,  at  the  end  of  the  Red  sea,  which  gave  name- 
also  to  the  part  of  the  wilderness  around  it. 

Ethiopia,  or  Ciish,  in  Sac.  Ceog.  denotes  that 
part  of  Africa  which  lies  S.  of  Egypt,  between  the 
Nile  and  the  Red  sea.  Upper  Ethiopia,  compri- 
sing Abyssinnia,  to  which  is  to  be  adde<l  the  S. 
part  of  Arabia,  is  the  country  intended  in  the  Bi- 
ble, when  Ethiopia  is  mentioned.  Lower,  or 
Southern  Ethiopia  was  unknown  to  the  ancients. 

Etive,  Loch,  inlet  of  the  sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  in  Argyle. 

Etlingen,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the  Alb, 
Sm.S.  W.Durlbach.  Pop.  3,000.  Lon.  80  27'E. 
Lat.  48°  55'  N. 

Etna,  mt.  in  the  E.  part  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  de 
Demona,  celebrated  from  the  most  remote  anti- 
quity for  its  volcanic  eruptions.  Its  height  is  about 
11,000  feet,  and  its  circumference  very  large. 
The  ascent  being  very  gradual,  the  sides  of  the 
mountain  exhibit  extensive  tracts  under  different 
temperatures.  The  lower  region  is  very  fertile. 
In  the  upper  part  vegetation  entirely  disappears, 
and  the  surface  presents  a  dreary  expanse  of  snow 
and  ice.    The  approach  of  au  eruption  is  indica- 


24^ 


EVE 


EUR 


ted  long  beforehand  by  the  emission  of  a  pale 
smoke  from  the  crater;  this  is  followed,  Eifter 
some  time,  by  clouds  of  black  smoke,  which  pro- 
gressively increase  in  volume.  After  the  lapse  of 
weeks,  perhaps  of  months,  the  lava  begins  to  boil 
over  the  top  of  the  crater,  or  to  burst  I'rom  some 
part  of  its  sides;  the  interior  commotion  now 
ceases,  and  the  lava  flows  slowly  down  the  sides 
of  the  mountain.  It  is  pressed  forward  by  the 
fresh  liquid  continually  issuing  from  the  mountain, 
and  burns  up  everything  before  it,  but  the  inhab- 
itants have  at  times  diverted  or  absorbed  it  by  dig- 
ging canals.  The  whole  number  of  eruptions  on  rec- 
ord is  31.  Those  of  1669  and  1755  were  particu- 
larly destructive  ;  and  in  the  last,  in  1809,  no  less 
than  12  new  openings  appeared  about  half  way 
down  the  mountain,  and  continued  for  several 
weeks  to  throw  out  lava,  which  covered  the  adja- 
cent lands  to  a  depth  of  30  or  40  feet. 

Elolia,  provmce  of  ancient  Greece,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Achelous,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Lepanto. 
It  is  now  subject  to  Albania. 

Eton,  t.  Eng.in  Buckingham  co.  on  the  Thames, 
opposite  Windsor;  celebrated  for  a  royal  semi- 
nary ol  education,  called  Eton  College,  founded 
by  king  Henry  VI.  in  1440.  It  consists  of  a  pro- 
vost, a  vice-provost,  7  fellows,  2  schoolmasters,  2 
conducts,  7  clerks,  10  choristers,  and  70  scholars. 
In  addition  to  students  on  the  foundation,  a  num- 
ber of  youth,  c;hiefly  the  sons  of  noble  or  opulent 
families,  are  educated  here,  amounting  at  an  ave- 
rage, to  300  or  350  yearly.  Pop.  2,279.  22  m. 
N.  W.  London. 

Etowah,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  among  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains,-  in  the  N.  part  of  the  State,  and 
flowing  S.  W.  in  the  Cherokee  country,  joins  the 
Oostenalah,  to  form  the  Coosa. 

Eiowee.     See  Etowah. 

Etruria,  thj  ancient  name  of  a  country  in  Ita- 
ly, nearly  corresponding  with  the  modern  grand 
duchy  of  Tuscany. 

Etruria,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Stafford,  celebrated 
for  the  extensive  pottery  established  there  by 
Wedgewood,  1^  m.  fr.  Newcastle-under-Line. 

Etten,  V.  Netlierlands,  in  North  Brabant,  8  m. 
>V.  S.  VV.  Breda. 

Ettenheim,  t.  Baden,  19  m.  S.  S.  E.  Strasburg. 

Ettrick,  r.  Scotland,  which  joins  the  Tweed,  3 
m.  above  Melrose. 

Eu,  t.  France,  18  m.  E.  N.  E,  Dieppe.  Lon.  1° 
23'  18"  E.  Lat,  50°  2' 52"  N. 

Evangelists,  4  small  islands  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  67°  16'  W.  Lat. 
52°  45'  S. 

Evansham,  t.  and  cap.  Wythe  co.  Va.  on  the  E. 
ade  of  Reedy  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Kenhawa, 
40  m.  W.  Christiausburg,  240  W.  S.  W.  Rich- 
mond. 

Evansville,  p-t.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Evaux  or  Evaon,  t.  France,  in  La  Creuse,  25 
xn.  E.  Gueret.  Lon.  2°  11'  18"  E.  Lat.  46°  10' 
42"  N. 

Eubcea.     See  Kegropont. 

Euclid,  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Cleveland.    Pop.  283. 

Evereltshouse,  p-v.  Lewis  co.  Ken. 

Everghem,  t.  East  Flanders,  3  m.  N.  Ghent. 

Evershot,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorset,  9  m.  fr.  Dorchester. 

Evesham,  borough  and  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester  co. 
on  the  Avon,  14  m.  S.  E.  Worcester,  96  W.  N.  W. 
London.  Lon.  1°  52'  W.  Lat.  52°  7'  N.  Pop. 
3,068. 

Evesham,  p-t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  in  the  forks 


of  Moore's  creek,  16  m.  E.  Philadelplua,  25  '&: 
Burhngton.     Pop.  3,445. 

Evian,  t.  Savoy,  on  the  lake  of  Geneva,  23  m. 
N.  E.  Geneva. 

Eule,  t.  Bohemia,  12  m.  S.  by  E.  Prague. 

Eulengebirg,  mountain  of  Silesia,  which  sepa- 
rates the  county  of  Glatz  from  the  circle  of  Rei- 
chenbach. 

Eumme  Faredge.     See  Faredge. 

Evora,  fortified  t.  Portugal,  cap.  of  Alentejo. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  had  formerly  a 
university.  65  m.  E.  Lisbon,  125  N.  Seville.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Evora-Monte,  small  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  16 
m.  N.  E.  Evora. 

Eupatoria,  or  Kaslov,  t.  Russia,  in  Taurida,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Crimea.  The  principal 
trade  of  the  Crimea,  in  salt,  com,  leatJier,  &c. 
passes  through  this  town.  68  m.  S.  W.  Perekop. 
Lon.  33°  14'  E.  Lat.  45°  40'  N. 

Eupen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Weeze,  4  m.  E.  N.  E.  Lim- 
burg,  20  E.  Liege.     Pop.  10,000. 

Euphrates,  r.  in  Whidah,  on  the  Slave  coast  of 
Africa. 

Euphrates,  one  of  the  most  considerable  rivers 
of  Asia,  rises  in  two  streams  from  the  mountains 
of  Armenia,  near  Erzerum.  At  Korna,  about 
130  miles  from  its  mouth,  it  is  joined  by  the  Ti- 
gris, and  the  united  stream  falls  into  tlie  gulf  of 
Persia,  about  50  m.  S.  E.  Bassora.  Length  1,500 
miles. 

Eurf.,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Seine,  a 
little  above  the  Pont  de  1'  Arche. 

Eure,  Departtnent,  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Lower  Seine,  E.  by  Oise,  S.  by  Eure-and-Loir, 
and  Orne,  and  W.  by  Calvados,  Evreux  is  the 
capitid.     Pop.  421,481. 

Eure-and-Loire,  department  of  France,  west  of 
Paris,  and  bounded  N.  W.  by  Eure,  E.  by  Seine- 
and  Oise  and  Loiret,  S.  by  Cher-and-Loiret,  W. 
by  Orne  and  Sarte.  Chartres  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
266,000. 

Evreo-Castro,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  between  Aita  and 
Lepanto,  on  the  ruins  of  Calydon. 

Evreux,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Eure,  on  the  Iton, 
25  m.  S.  Rouen,  65  W.  by  N.  Paris.     Pop.  9,300. 

Euripo,  channel,  which  separates  the  island  of 
Negropont  from  Livadia. 

Evron,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  13  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Mayenne. 

Europe,  one  of  the  four  grand  divisions  of  the 
globe.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Arctic  ocean;  E. 
by  Asia ;  S.  by  the  Mediterranean ;  and  W.  by 
the  Atlantic.  It  extends  from  36°  to  71°  N.  lat. 
It  is  about  3,000  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.  and 
2,500  broad  from  N.  to  S.  and  contains  3,387,109 
sq.  miles.  It  lies  almost  wholly  within  the  tempe- 
rate zone,  and  enjoys  a  fine  healthful  climate.  It 
is  the  smallest  of  the  four  grand  divisions,  but  is 
distinguished  above  all  the  rest  for  learning  and 
science,  for  excellence  in  the  useful  and  elegant 
arts,  and  for  the  intelligence,  refinement,  activity 
and  enterprize  of  her  inhabitants.  This  is  pe- 
culiarly true  of  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Ger- 
many.—The  population  is  about  180,000,000  — 
The  inhabitants  are  all  Christians,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Turks  and  scattered  settlements  of 
Jews.  The  Christians  in  Europe  are  composed  of 
three  great  bodies,  the  Catholics  computed  at  100 
millions,  the  Protestants  at  45,  and  the  Greek 
Christians  at  32  millions. 


EXE 


E  Y  L 


249 


Euroias,  r.  of  the  Morea,  which  runs  past  Mi- 
ciitra. 

Euslis,  lake,  the  S.  W.  head  of  Yellowstone 
river.  It  is  near  the  head  of  the  Wallaumut, 
which  runs  into  Columbia  river. 

Eutaw  Springs,  a  small  r.  S.C.  which  runs  into 
the  Santee.  Near  its  source,  a  battle  was  fought  in 
1781,  which,  in  effect,  terminated  the  war  in  this 
State. 

Eufin,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  N.  Lubeck.  Lon.  10° 
31'  E.  Lat.  54«  10'  N.     Pop.  2,350. 
Eutrach.     See  AUiach. 

Euxine  Secu,  called  also  the  Bla^k  Sea^  is  a  large 
inland  sea,  partly  in  Europe,  and  partly  in  Asia, 
hounded  W.  by  European  'Turkey,  E.  by  Min- 
grelia,  Circassia,  and  Georgia,  N.  by  Russian 
Tartary,  and  S.  by  Natolia.  Its  circumference  is 
about  3,800  miles.  The  principal  ports  are  Odes- 
sa; Kinburn;  Cherson;  Nicoleuf;  Sevastopel, 
the  chief  station  of  the  Russian  fleet ;  and  Caffa. 
The  Turks  formerly  would  not  suffer  Europeans 
to  navigate  this  sea ;  but  by  the  treaties  concluded 
in  1774  and  1791,  they  allowed  a  Russian  navy 
to  be  formed,  and  to  have  a  free  passage  through 
! he  Dardanelles.  This  sea  was,  in  1784,  opened 
10  Austria,  and  afterwards,  at  the  peace  of  Amiens, 
to  the  Prussian,  Spanish,  Neapolitan,  Dutch,  Ra- 
gusan,  and  English,  merchant  Hags.  The  com- 
merce has,  since  this  period,  greatly  increased.  In 
1 803,  8 15  vessels  entered  the  Russian  ports  from 
the  Mediterranean.  Of  these  552  were  for  Odessa. 
They  came  chiefly  in  ballast,  and  returned  loaded 
with  corn. 

Euxion,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  209  m.  N.  W. 
London. 

Eicell,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  12  m.  S.  London. 
Ewes,  r.  Scotiand,  joins  the  Esk,    at  Lang- 
holm. 
Ewingville,  p-t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 
Exchequer  Islands,  group  of  islands  in  the  S.  Pa- 
cific.    Lon.  142°  26'  E.  Lat.  1°  29'  S. 

Exe,  r.  Eng.  which  passes  Tiverton,  Exeter, 
and  Topsliam,  and  falls  into  the  sea  at  Exmouth. 
It  is  navigable  by  vessels  of  considerable  burden 
to  Topsham. 

Exea,  (an.  Setirt,)  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  24  m. 
G.  Tudela.  Lon.  P  9' W.  Lat.  42°  6' N.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Exeter,  city,  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Devonshire,  on 
i  he  Exe,  10  miles  from  the  English  channel.  It 
■"las  19  parish  churches,  and  a  large  and  maguiti- 
oent  cathedral.  Among  the  other  public  buildings 
tre  the  Guildhall,  and  the  asylum  for  lunatics. 
Vessels  of  150  tons  burden  can  come  up  to  the 
own.  Exeter  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  in  1801,  16,827 ;  in  1811,  18,896.  78  m.  S. 
W.  Bristol,  173  VV.  S.  W.  London. 

Exeter,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Bangor. 

Exeter,  r.  N.  H,  rises  in  Sandown,  and  running 
E.  meets  the  tide  at  Exeter.  It  here  takes  the 
lame  of  Sivamscot,  and  running  N,  communicates 
with  the  Piscataqua,  through  Great  Bay. 

Exeter,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  pleasantly 
'ijuated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Exeter  river, 
I  branch  of  the  Piscataqua,  15  m.  S.  W.  Ports- 
Odouth,  15  N.  W.  Newburyport  50  N.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,759.  It  contains  a  court-house ;  jail ;  bank  ; 
academy  ;  and  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for 
Congregational  ists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  It  is  well 
situated  for  a  manuflicturing  town,  and  has  a 
vooUen  and  2  cotton  factories,  a  manufactory  of 


ordnance  arid  small  arms,  and  numerous  other 
mills  and  manufacturing  establishments.  Before 
the  revolution,  ship-building  was  a  profitable  bu- 
siness, but  it  is  now  discontinued. 

Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  founded  in  this  town 
by  the  Hon.  John  Phillips,  LL.  D.  in  1781,  is 
the  best  endowed  academy  in  New  England.  It 
has  funds  to  the  amount  of  $80,000,  a  well  select- 
ed library  of  700  volumes,  and  a  handsome  phi- 
losophical apparatus.  It  has  a  principal,  a  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy,  an 
assistant,  and  about  80  students.  The  building  is 
an  elegant  edifice,  76  feet  by  36,  and  2  stories  high. 
The  funds  are  appropriated  in  part  to  the  support 
of  indigent  students. 

Exeter,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  24  m.  S.  W. 
Providence.     Pop.  2,256. 

Exeter,  p-t.  Otsego  co,  N.  Y.  10  m.  N.  W. 
Cooperstown,  73  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,418. 

Exeter,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  612. 

Exeter,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Schuylkill,  below  Reading.     Pop.  1,194. 

Exeter,  t.  New  Hanover  co.  N.  C.  on  the  N.  E. 
branch  of  Cape-Fear  river,  36  m.  N.  Wilming- 
ton. 

Exeter,  t.  Harrison  co.  Indiana.     Pop.  1,155. 

Exideul,  t,  France,  in  Dordogne,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Perigueux. 

Exilles,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  borders  of  France, 
on  a  narrow  pass,  8  m.  S.  W.  Suza,  17  N.  E.  Bri- 
ancon,  38  W.  Turin.     Pop.  1,400. 

Exin,  or  Keyn,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  the 
Netze,  24  m.  W.  S.  W.  Bromberg.  Lon.  17°  29' 
54"  E.  Lat.  52°  59'  40"  N. 

Exmes,  t.  France,  9  m.  E.  Argentau,  72  W. 
aris. 

Exmouth,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Exe,  8  m.  S.  Exeter. 

Exuma,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  25  miles 
long  and  3  broad^     Lon.  75°  W.    Lat.  23°  20'  N. 

Exuma  Sound,  a  large  channel  among  the  Ba- 
hama islands,  extending  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  be- 
tween Cat  island  or  Guanahani  to  the  E.  and  a 
range  of  small  islands  and  rocks  to  the  W.  and  S. 
W, ;  the  entrance  is  S.  of  the  islan,d  of  Eleutheni, 

Eyajiord,  bav  and  district  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ice- 
land.    Lat.  65°  50'  N. 

Eybenschutz,  or  Ewanice,  t.  Moravia,  20  m.  N. 
E.  Znaym.     Lon.  16°  17'  E.  Lat  49°  8'  N. 

Eybenstock,  t.  Saxonv,  in  Erzgebirg,  7  m.  S.  W. 
Schwartzenbcrg.     Lon.  12°  35'  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Eyder,  r.  Denmark,  which  divides  Sleswick 
from  Holstein,  and  falls  into  the  North  sea,  in  lat. 
54°  17'.  The  tide  ascends  as  far  as  Rendsburg, 
after  which  the  canal  of  Keil  begins,  and  com- 
pletes the  communication  between  the  North  sea 
and  the  Baltic. 

Eyderstadt,  district  in  the  W.  part  of  Sleswick. 
Pop.  12,500.     The  capital  is  Tonningen. 

Eye,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  20  m.  N.  Ipswich. 

Eyemouth,  Aymouth,  or  Hnymouth,  t.  Scotland, 
in  Berwick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eye,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Berwick,  53  E.  Edinburgh. 

■  Eyeos,  a  people  of  Africa,  whose  territories  lie 
to  the  N.  E.  of  Dahomey. 

Eyerlandt,  small  isl.  near  the  island  of  Texel. 

Eyeton.     See  Ay  ton. 

Eygues.     See  Aigues. 

Eyguieres,  t.  France,  in  mi>uths-of-the-Rhone, 
17  m.  E.  by  S.  Tarascon. 

Eylau,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  lake  of  Arschen.  It 
is  famous  for  a  severe  battle,  c  n  the  8th  February, 


32 


350 


F  A  I 


F  A  1 


1807,  between  the  French  and  Russians,  20  m. 
B.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  20°  38'  55"  E.  Lat.  54°  22' 
50"  N. 

Ei/lau  Dditsch,  lies  in  W.  Prussia,  on  the  lake 
of  Genserich,  84  m.  S.  S.  W.  Konigsberg. 

Eymoufiers,  t.  France,  on  the  Vienne,  18  m.  E. 
by  S.  Limoges. 


Ei/napeor,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapoor.  Lon.  75''  10  - 
E.  Lat.  16°  50'  N. 

Eynshaniy  parish,  Eng.  6  m.  N.  W.  Oxford. 

Eysagh,  r.  Tyrol,  which  falls  into  the  Adige, 
below  Botzen. 

Ezdoud.     See  Ashdod. 

Eziongeber,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Dsjar. 

Ezraville.    See  McUcne. 


F. 


Faaborg,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  coast  of  the 
island  of  Funen,  17  m.  S.  Oldensee.  Lon.  10°  16' 
E.  Lat.  55°  6' N.     Pop.  1,100. 

Fabius,  p-L  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  S.  E. 
Onondaga,  130  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,865. 

Fabomit  Lake,  Canada.  Lon.  88°  15'  W.  Lat. 
52°  18'  N. 

Fabriano,  t.  of  the  Ecclesiastical  State,  in  Italy, 
33  m.  S.  W,  Ancona.     Pop.  4,000. 

Facata,  or  Fucata,  s-p.  Japan,  in  the  island  of 
Ximo,  27  m.  W.  N.  W.  Taisero. 

Facile  Harbor,  a  port  of  New  Zealand,  in 
Dusky  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Resolution  island. 
Lon.  166°  18'  E.  Lat.  45°  40'  S. 

Factories,  p-v.  Hampden  co.  Mass. 

Fadla,  t.  Arabia,  180  m.  N.  E.  Mecca. 

Fadoal,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  132°  37' 
E.  Lat.  5°  51'  S. 

Faenza,  city,  of  the  Popedom,  in  Romagna,  20 
m.  S.  W.  Ravenna.  Lon.  1 1°  21'  35"  E.  Lat.  44° 
17'  19"  N.     Pop.  12,500. 

Faeoe,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic.  Lon.  11° 
20'  E.  Lat.  54°  52'  N. 

Faggiano,  t.  Naples,  6  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tarento. 

Fagnano,  v.  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  5  m.  E. 
Mantua. 

Fahlun,  mining  t.  Sweden,  cap.  of  Dalecarlia. 
The  population,  formerly  above  7,000,  does  not 
now  exceed  4,200,  the  great  copper  mines  having 
become  less  productive.  110  m.  N.  N.  W.  Stock- 
holm.    Lon,  13°  34'  54"  E.  Lat.  60°  35'  15"  N. 

Faicchio,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro,  17 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Benevento.     Pop.  2,850. 

Faido,  t.  Switz.  on  the  Ticino,  12  m.  N.  Belin- 
zona. 

Faifo,  or  Haifo,  i.  Cochin  China.  Lon.  108° 
10'  E.  Lat.  15°  5P'  N. 

Failsworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  fr.  Man- 
chester.    Pop.  2,875. 

Faioum.    See  Fayoum. 

Fairbluff,  p-v.  Columbus  co.  N.  C. 

Fairfax,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N. 
Augusta.     Pop.  924. 

Fairfax,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lamoil  river, 
18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,301. 

Fairfax,  co.  Va,  bounded  N,  and  E.  by  the  Po- 
tomac, S,  by  Prince  William  co.  and  W.  by  Lou- 
don CO.  Pop.  13,111.  Slaves,  5,942.  Chief 
town,  Centreville.  The  court-house,  where  a 
post-office  is  kept,  is  15  m.  fr.  Washington. 

Fairfaa:,  p-t.  and  cap.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  40  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Fredericksburg,  76  fr.  Washington. 

Faixfidd,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 


side  of  the  Kennebec,  opposite  Clinton,  9  m.  b. 
Norridgewock,  25  N.  Augusta.     Pop.  1,348. 

Fairfield,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  26  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Burlington.     Pop.  1,618. 

Fairfield,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Litchfield  co. 
S.  E.  by  Long-Island  Sound,  and  W.  by  New 
York.  Pop.  40,950.  Chief  towns,  Fairfield,  and 
Danbury. 

Fairfield,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Fairfield  co. 
Ct.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Long-Island  Sound, 
21  m.  W.  S.  W.  New  Haven,  54  N.  E.  New  York. 
Lon.  73°  15' W.  Lat.  41°  8' N.  Pop.  4,135.  It 
contains  a  court-house ;  an  academy  ;  and  6  hou- 
ses of  public  worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  1 
for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Metho- 
dists. There  are  4  villages  within  the  town, 
Fairfield,  Greenfield  Hill,  Saugatuck,  and  Mill 
river.  Thei'e  are  3  harbors,  Black  Rock,  Mill 
river,  and  Saugatuck.  With  the  exception  of 
New  London,  Black  Rock  is  the  best  harbor  ia 
the  Sound.  The  amount  of  shipping  in  Fairfield 
district  in  1816,  was  7,033  tons. 

Fairfield,  JVew.    See  JVew  Fairfield. 

Fairfield,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N. 
Herkimer,  75  W.  Albany.  Pop.  2,705.  In  this 
town,  there  is  an  academy,  and  a  medical  school 
connected  with  it. 

Fairfield,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

Fairfield,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on  Cohanzy 
creek,  25  m.  E.  Salem.     Pop.  2,279. 

Fairfield,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  421. 

Fairfield,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,973. 

Fairfield,  or  Miller'' s,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Pa.  8  au 
W.  Gettysburg. 

Fairfield,  p-v.  Rockbridge  co.  Va. 

Fairfield,  district,  S.  C.  between  Wateree  and 
Broad  rivers.  Pop.  11,857.  Slaves,  4,034.  Chief 
town,  Monticello. 

Fairfield,  p-v.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 

Fairfield,  or  Roberts'',  p-v.  Putnam  co.  Geo. 

Fairfield,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Ken.  10  m.  fr.  Bairds- 
town. 

Fairfield,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1815,  13,665.     Chief  town,  Lancaster. 

Faiifield,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  832. 

Fairfield,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  N.  of  Hillsbo- 
rough.    Pop.  467. 

Fairfield,  t.  Jefierson  co.  Ohio. 

Fairfield,  p-t.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  11m.  N.  W. 
Xenia. 

Fairfield,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,414.  In 
this  township  is  JEfomi/ton,  the  seat  of  justice  for 
the  county. 

Fairfield,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  Newark. 


F  A  L 

Fairfield  Head,  t.  Eng^.  in  Staffordshire,  5  m. 
from  Leeke. 

Fairfard,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  on  the 
Colne,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Thames,  22 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Gloucester. 

Fairhaven,  bay,  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of  Spitz- 
bergen.     Lon.  10°  E.  Lat.  79^^  50' N. 

Fairhaven^  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine.     Pop.  116. 
FaiHiaveUf  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Poultney 
river,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Whitehall,  43  W,  Windsor. 
Pop,  645. 

Fairhaven.,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side  of 
Accushnet  river,  opposite  Bedford. 

Fairhaveji,  v.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kenhaway,  4  m.  above 
Gallipolis. 

Fair/lead,  promontory,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ire- 
land.   Lon.  6^  2' W.  Lat.  55°  44' N. 

Fair  Isle,  isl.  Scotland,  between  the  Orkney  and 
the  Shetland  islands.     Lat.  59°  32'  30"  N. 

Fairlee,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  35  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop.  983,  including 
West  Fairlee. 

Fairlee,  West,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  W.  of  Fairlee. 
Fairley,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Greenock- 

Fairlei)  Road,  channel,  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of 
Clyde,  between  the  islands  of  Cum  bray  and  the 
-coast  of  Ayrshire. 

Fairport,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of 
Grand  river,  on  lake  Erie,  15  m.  N.  Chardon,  32 
N.  E.  Cleveland. 

Fair  River,  Canada,  which  runs  from  W^apessa- 
■ga  to  lake  St.  John. 

Fairtown,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
2,279. 

Fairvale,  p-v.  in  Granville,  Washington  co. 
JJ.Y. 

Fairview,  p-v.  Erie  co.  Pa, 
Fairview,  t,  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  25  m.  E.  Cam- 
bridge 

Fairweather,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia. 
Lon.  58^  25'  W.  Lat.  51°  34'  S. 

Fairweather,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  222°  20'  E.     Lat.  58°  50^'  N. 

Fairweather,  Mount,  high  mountain  on  the  N. 
W.  coast  of  America,  about  12  m.  N.  E.  cape 
Fairweather. 

Fakenham  Lamasta,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  7  m.  fr. 
East  Dereham. 

Falais,  t.  France.  The  castle  of  Falais,  though 
in  ruins,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  France.  15  m.  S. 
by  E.  Caen.  Lon.  0°  7'  W.  Lat  48°  54'  N,  Pop. 
14,000. 

Falcon,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Ivica.     Lou.  1°  20'  E.  Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Falcon,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lon. 
8°  13'  E.  Lat.  40°  45'  N. 

Falconieri,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  Sicily. 

Falczi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  on  the 
Pruth,  32  m.  E.  N.  E.  Birlaf 

Fale,  r.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  flows  into  tlie  sea  at 
Falmouth. 

Falene,  r.  W.  Africa,  the  largest  tributary  of 
the  Senegal,  empties  20  m.  W,  Gallam. 

Fales,  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio,  11  m. 
above  Portsmouth. 

'alkenaii.,  t.  Bohemia,  12  m.  N.  E.  Egra.     Lon. 
?  37'  E.  Lat.  50°  9'  N. 
'alkenberg,  s-p.  Sweden,  on  the  Cattegat,  52  m. 
Helsingberg.     Lon.  12°  20'  E.     Lat.  56°  53' 
N. 


F  A  L 


251 


abov 


Falkenstein,  county  in  the  circle  of  the  Upper 
Rhine,  belonging  to  Austria. 

Falkenstein,  or  Elleford,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  Vogt*- 
land,  2  m.  S.  Auerbach. 

Falkioping,  t.  Sweden,  in  W.  Gothland,  56  m. 
E.  Uddevalla.     Lon.  13°  16'  E.  Lat.  58°  12'  N. 

Falkirk,  t.  Scotland,  in  Stirling  co.  near  the 
great  canal  between  the  rivers  Forth  and  Clyde. 
Three  fairs,  the  greatest  in  Scotland,  are  held 
near  this  place.  They  are  exclusively  for  cattle, 
sheep,  and  horses.  Pop.  4,000.  8  m.  W.  Lin- 
lithgow, 24  W.  Edinburgh. 

Falkland,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fife  co.  10  m.  W.  Cu- 
par.    Pop.  2,317. 

Falkland  Isles,  two  large  islands,  and  several 
smaller  ones,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  E.  of  the 
straits  of  Magellan,  between  lat.  51°  5'  and  52° 
46'  S.  lon.  51'='  40'  and  61°  10'  W.  They  were 
ceded  to  Spain  in  1774.  The  soil  is  a  mere  bog, 
and  the  land  beaten  by  almost  perpetusj  storms. 
They  liave  been  called  by  many  diflerent  names. 
Fall,  r.  R.  L  which  rises  in  Watuper  pond,  and 
runs  into  Taunton  river. 

Fall  creek,  r.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  which  flows 
into  the  S.  end  of  Cayuga  lake.  There  is  a  cata- 
ract in  tlijs  river,  1  mile  from  its  mouth,  of  90  feet 
perpendicular,  and  the  whole  descent  of  the  wa- 
ter, within  li  miles,  is  estimated  at  350  feet. 

Fallen  City,  or  Old  Jenisalem,  range  of  rocks 
among  the  Virgin  isles,  in  the  West  Indies.  Lon. 
62°  53'  W.  Lat.  18°  10'  N. 

Falling  spri'ngs,  r.  Va.  which  rises  20  m.  S.  W. 
of  the  Warm  spring,  and  flows  into  Jackson  river. 
It  has  a  fill  of  200  feet  perpendicular,  and  a  person 
may  walk  dry  between  the  sheet  of  water  and  the 
rock. 

Falling  waters,  p-v.  Berkeley  co.  Va. 
Falbwfield,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Monongahela,  25  m.  S.  E.  Washingtom 
Pop.  1,994. 

FaUoxvfield,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  551. 
Falhnrfield,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Fa.     Pop.  990. 
Fallowfield,    West,   t.  Cliester  co.   Pa.     Pop. 
1,157. 

Fallriver,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass. 
Falls,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware,  oppo- 
site Bordentown,  28  m.  N.  E.  Philadelphia.     Pop. 
1,649. 

Falls,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  941. 
Falls,  t.  Hockhocking  co.  Ohio. 
Fallstown,  p-t.  Iredell  co,  N.  C, 
Falmouth,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Fal.     Tliere  is  a  good  harbor  here,  defend- 
ed by  two  castles ;  and  a  fine  and  spacious  road- 
stead, capable  of  receiving  the  largest  fleets.     It 
is  the  regular  station  of  the  packet  boats  which 
carry  foreign  mails  to  Spain,  Portugal,  and  Amer- 
ica.    Pop.  5,307.     95  m.  S.  W.  Exeter,  269  W.  S. 
W.  London.     Lon.  6°  4'  W.  Lat.  50°  9'  N. 

Falmouth,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  Casco 
bay,  5  m.  N.  Portland.  Pop.  4,105.  It  formerly 
included  Portland,  Westbrook,  and  Cape  Eliza- 
beth, 

Falmouth,  s-p,  and  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  19 
m.  S.  W.  Barnstable  Mass.  72  S.  Boston.  Pop. 
2,237. 

Falmouth,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  20  m.  S.  Lan- 
caster. 

Falmouth,  p-t.  Stafford  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Rappahannock,  opposite  Fredericksburg,  23 
m.  S.  W.  Dumfries,  56  S.  S.  W.  Washington. 
Lon.  77c  30'  W\  Lat,  38°  18'  N.  It  is  at  the  f.yot 
of  the  falls,  and  hns  considerable  trff'.r. 


252 


FAQ 


Falmouth,  p-t.  Pendleton  co.  Ken.  on  Little 
Licking  river.    Pop.  12L 

Falnioulh,  s-p.  Antigua,  7  m.  S.  E.  St.  John's. 
Lon.  610  28'W.  Lat.  17°  9' N. 

Falmouth,  9-p.  Jamaica.  Lon.  77°  33'  W.  Lat. 
180  31'N. 

Falmouth,  t.  in  Hants,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S. 
E.  side  of  the  basin  of  Minas,  28  m.  N.  W.  Hali- 
fax. 

False  Bay,  New  Zealand.  Lon.  185°  38'  W. 
Lat.  46°  33'  S. 

False,  Cape,  Yiuatan,  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  87°  46'  VV.  L:tt.  20°  52'  N. 

Falsfer,  isl.  of  ilie  Baltic,  between  11°  34'  and 
12°  10'  E.  ion.  and  54°  32'  and  54°  58'  N.  lat. ; 
and  belonging  to  Denmark.     Pop.  16,500. 

Falsterbo,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  Schonen,  22  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Lund.    Lon.  12°  47'  E.  Lat.  55°  23'  N. 

Faluga,  isl.  near  Sardinia,  12  m.  S.  Cape  Ar- 
gentera. 

Faluga,  t.  Bagdad,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, 25  m.  S.  Bagdad. 

Falun,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  into  the  lake  of 
Neufchatel  near  Yverdun. 

Famagusla,  s-p.  Cyprus,  on  the  east  coast,  built 
on  a  rock.  It  is  surrounded  by  strong  walls,  and  a 
deep  ditch,  20  paces  in  breadth,  cut  out  of  the 
?olid  rock.  The  walls  are  thick,  and  flanked  by 
12  enormous  towers,  whose  sides  are  four  paces 
thick,  and  their  interior  four  in  diameter.  It 
serves  as  a  prison  for  the  malefactors  of  this  island 
and  other  parts  of  the  Turkish  dominions.  II  was 
formerly  a  famous  city,  but  ruin  and  desolation 
are  now  seen  in  every  street,  and  the  papulation 
IS  reduced  to  a  few  hundred.  Lon.  33°  30'  E. 
Lat.  35°  10'  N. 

Fumars,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  3  ra.  S. 
■  Valcneiennes. 

Famia,  (an.  Apamea,)  t.  Syria,  90  m.  N.  Da- 
mascus.    Lon.  36°  43'  E.  Lat.  35°  N. 

Famine,  Port,  fort,  on  the  N.  E.  side  of  the  straits 
of  Magellan.    Lon.  70°  20'  W.  Lat.  55°  44'  S. 

Fanjeaux,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  13  m.  W.  Car- 
ca?5one. 

Fannet  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,398. 

Fano,  s-p.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  on 
the  Adriatic.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  7,500. 
36  m.  E.  N.  E.  Urbino,  32  N.  W,  Ancona.  Lon. 
12°  59'  53"  E.  Lat.  43°  51'  N. 

Fairo,  (an.  Calypso,)  small  isl.  N.  W.  of  Cape 
Sidero,  in  the  island  of  Corfu.  Pop.  500.  Lon. 
19°32'E.  Lat.  39°  45' N. 

Fano,  Cape,  promontory,  Norway,  in  lat.  70° 
SON. 

Fanoe,  isl.  Denmark,  near  North  Jutland,  op- 
posite to  the  town  of  Rypen.  Lon.  9°  43'  E.  Lat. 
65°  25'  N. 

Fanshaw,  Cape,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  on  the 
N.  side  of  Frederick's  sound.  Lon.  226°  44'  E. 
Lat  670  11' N. 

Fdntecs,  a  numerous  and  jwwerful  people,  on 
the  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  from  Cape  Coast  Castle 
to  the  frontier  of  Acra,  about  100  miles.  Their 
power  has  since  1811  been  almost  entirely  broken, 
by  repeated  and  formidable  invasions  of  the  Ashau- 
tees. 

Faon,  t.  France,  14  m.  E.  by  S.  Brest. 

Faoua,  t.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  VV.  or  Rosetta 
branch  of  the  Nile.     Lon.  31°  E.  Lat.  31°  10'  N. 

Faouet,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  28  m.  W.  by 
S.  Pontivy.     Lon.  3°  24'  W.  Lat.  48°  2'  N. 

,  Faquier,  co.  V^a.  inclosed  by  Loudon,  Prince 
William,  Stafford,  Culpeper,  aud  Frederick  teun- 


FAR 

ties.     Pop.  22,689.    Slaves,  10,361.    Chief  town, 
Warrentown. 

Fara,  t.  Ecclesiastical  State,  22  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Rome. 

Faradeese,  t.  Tunis,  30  m.  S.  Tunis. 
Fareham,  s-p.  Eng.  at  the  N.  W.  extremity  of 
Portsmouth  harbor,  12  m.  S.  E.  Southampton,  T3 
S.  W.  London.     Pop.  3,325. 

Fareskour,  t.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Damietta 
branch  of  the  Nile,  7  m.  S.  Damietta. 

Farewell,  Cape,  S.  point  of  West  Greenland, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Davis's  straits. 
Lon.  42^  42'  W.  Lat.  59°  37'  N. 

Farewell,  Cape  cape.  New  Zealand.  Lon.  186^ 
W.  Lat.  40°  33'  S. 

Farewell,  Cape,  Greenland.  Lon.  42°  45'  ^^ 
Lat.  59°  38'  N. 

Farim,  small  kingdom,  W.  Africa,  on  the  rive- 
Cacheo,  or  St.  Domingo. 

Farley-mills,  p-v.  King-and-Queen  co.  Va. 

Farleysville,  p-v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

Farmer,  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

Farmington,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  30  m. 
N.  Augusta. 

Farmington,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  26  m.  N. 
W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,272. 

Farmington,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Conn,  on  Far- 
mington river,  10  m.  W.  Hartlbrd,  30  N.  New- 
haven.  Pop.  2,748.  It  contains  3  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 
Baptists. 

Farmington  River,  rises  in  Massachusetts,  and 
runs  S.  E.  to  Farmington  in  Connecticut,  where, 
meeting  with  monntains,  it  turns  N.  and  after 
running  15  miles  is  joined  by  Salmon  river ;  it 
then  breaks  through  the  mountains  and  has  a  cat- 
aract of  150  feet,  after  which  it  is  called  Windsor 
river,  and  joins  the  Connecticut,  4  miles  above 
Hartford. 

Farmington,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  9  m.  N.  E. 
Canandaigua.  Pop.  1,908.  Clifton  springs  arc 
in  this  town,  and  are  resorted  to  for  their  medi- 
cinal qualities.  They  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur. 

Farmington,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12  ra.  N.  V^  - 
Warren. 

Farmington,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

Farmouliers,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  9 
m.  N.  Ro5oy. 

Fannville,  p-v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va.  on  the 
Appomatox,  72  m.  S.  W.  Richmond. 

Farndale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  17  m.  fr.  Kirby- 
moorside. 

Farnese,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedom,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Castro. 

Farnham,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  on  the  Wye,  cele- 
brated for  its  hop  plantations.  Pop.  2,911.  9  m. 
fr.  Alton,  27  N.  E.  Winchester,  38  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  0°  47' 52"  W.  Lat.  51°  13'  7"N. 

Farnham,  t.  Bedford  and  Richelieu  counties, 
Lower  Canafda,  S.  E.  of  Montreal. 

Farnham,  p-v.  Richmond  co.  Va. 

Farnley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2i  m.  fr.  Leeds. 

Famley  Tyas,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m,.  from 
Huddersfieki. 

Faraworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Bolton. 

Faro,  isl.  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from 
Gothland  by  a  narrow  strait.  Lon.  19°  32'  55"  E. 
Lat.  57°  56'  N. 

Faro,  s-p.  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  near  Cape  San- 
ta Maria.  '  It  is  the  see  df  a  bishop ;  and  carries 
en  considerable  traffic.     18  m.  S.  W.  Tavira,  130 


t 


F  A  ¥ 

S.E.  Lisbon.    Lon.  7°  51' 57'' W.    Lat37°2'N. 
Pop.  7,000. 

Faroe,  or  Farocr  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  ia 
the  Northern  ocean,  between  Iceland  and  Shet- 
land, and  between  61°  15'  and  62°  20'  N.  lat. 
They  belong  to  Denmark,  and  consist  of  25  isl- 
ands, of  which  17  are  inhabited.  Pop.  in  1812, 
5,209.  Barley,  rye,  and  pease  are  imported  from 
Denmark.  The  chief  wealth  of  tlie  islands  con- 
sists in  sheep  ;  fishing  is  also  an  important  source 
of  subsistence. 

Faroe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Zealand.     Lon.  12°  E.  Lat.  54°  57'  N. 

Farr  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Scotland.  Lon.  4° 
2'  VV.  Lat.  58°  3^1'  N. 

Farringdon,  t.  Eng.  in  Berks,  17  m.  N.  E.  Ox- 
ford. 

Farruch,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Majorca.  Lon. 
3°  18' E.  Lat.39'^47'N. 

Fars,  a  province  of  Persia,  bounded  N.  by  Irak, 
E.  by  Kirman  and  Lar,  W.  by  Kuzistan,  and  S. 
by  the  Persian  gulf.  The  principal  towns  are 
Schiras  the  capital,  and  Bushire  the  chief  port  on 
the  Persian  gulf. 

Farshouc,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  20  m.  S.  Girge. 

Farslay,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  fr.  Leeds. 

Fartac,  Cape,  or  Far/ash,  cape,  on  tlie  S.  coast 
of  Arabia.     Lon.  51°  4'  E.  Lat.  15°  30'  N. 

Fartach,  s-p.  Arabia,  132  m,  S.  E.  Hadraraaut. 

Fasana,  t.  Istna,  4  m.  N.  N.  W.  Pola,  50  S. 
Trieste. 

Fasano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Bari,  6  m.  S. 
by  E.  Monoix)li.     Pop.  7,100. 

Fataienda,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  about 
500  m,  fr,  its  mouth.  Lon.  13°  8'  VV.  Lat.  15° 
20'  N. 

Fatteconda,  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  Bondou.  Lon. 
10°20' W.  Lat.  14°  20' N. 

Fatlick,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  60  m.  N.  of  the  Gambia. 

Favani,  r.  Naples,  Avhich  runs  into  tlia  sea,  9 
xn.  S.  S.  E.  Squillace. 

Favara,  s-p.  Barca,  in  Africa,  30  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Derne. 

Fauche,  r.  Illinois,  runs  into  the  Illinois  from 
theE. 

Favelone,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  4 
m.  fr.  Squillace. 

Faverges,  t.  Savoy,  17  m.  S.  by  E.  Annecy. 

Favemey,  v.  France,  in  Upper  Saoue,  1 1  m.  N. 
Vesoul. 

Faversham.     See  Feversham. 

Favignana,  (an.  ^gusa,)  one  of  the  ^gades 
islands,  5  m.  fr.  Sicily,  9  \V.  by  S.  Trapani. 

Faulbach,  v.  Franconia. 

Fauquenihergues,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
17  m.  S.  W.  St.  Omer. 

Fauquemont,  t.  Netherlands,  12  m.  W.  Aix  la 
Chapelle. 

Fauquemont,  t.  France,  20  m.  E.  Metz. 

Fauquier.     See  Faquier. 
■^       Favorable  lake,  N.  America.    Lon.  93°  10'  W. 
Lat.  52°  48'  N. 

Faussembault,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Lower 
Canada,  10  m.  W.  Quebec. 

Fauxvillers,  t.  Netherlands,  24  m.  N.  W.  Lux- 
emburg. 

Faivay.     See  Fowey. 

Fawceitstown,  p-t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  on 
Ohio  river,  15  m.  S.  E.  New  Lisbon,  5  below  the 
Pennsylvania  line. 

Faun,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,452. 

Fay,  t.  Frtooe,  in  Loire  luferieure,  9  m.  N.  E. 
Savenav. 


F  E  A 


253 


Fay  Billot,  Le,  i.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  IS 
m.  S.  £.  Langres. 

Fayal,  one  of  the  Azore  islands,  about  27  miles 
long,  and  9  broad.  Lon.  28°  41'  W.  Lat.  38"  31' 
N.  Its  good  harbor,  and  its  situation  in  the  route 
of  the  homeward  bound  ships  from  India,  has 
made  it  much  frequented.  The  principal  town  is 
called  Villa  Orta  or  Horta. 

Faye,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  11  ra.  S. 
Angers. 

Fayence,  t.  France,  noted  for  its  manufactures 
of  earthenware,  14  m.  N.  E.  Draguignan.  Lon. 
6^  3'  E.  Lat.  43°  44'  N. 

Fayette,  p-t.  Kennebec  eo.  Maine,  20  m.  W. 
Augusta. 

Fayette,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  between  Seneca 
and  Cayuga  lakes,  having  Seneca  river  on  the  N. 
18  m.  N.  Ovid,  7  m.  E.  Geneva.  Pop.  1,754.  It 
is  well  situated  for  trade.  Here  is  a  printing- 
office. 

Fayette,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Pa.  Pop.  24,7 14. 
Chief  towns.  Union  and  Brownvillo. 

Fayette,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
21,370.     Slaves,  7,664.     Chief  town,  Lexington. 

Fayette,  co.  Ohio,  VV.  of  Pickaway  co.  Pop.  in 
1815,  .3,705.     Chief  town,  Washington. 

Fayette,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

Fayette,  co.  Indiana. 

Fayettciille,  p-t.  and  cap,  Cumberlavul co.  N. 
C.  60  ni.  S.  Raleigh,  95  N.  N.  W.  Wilmington, 
159  N.  E.  Columbia.  Lon.  79=  58'  W.  Lat.  35° 
3'  N.  It  is  advantageously  situated  near  the  W. 
bank  of  Cape  Fear  river,  at  the  head  of  boat  navi- 
gation, and  is  one  ol'  the  most  flourishing  com- 
mercial towns  in  the  State.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  a  court-house,  academy,  3  bank?, 
2  printing-oilices,  and  3  houses  of  public  worship. 
The  inhabitants  are  principally  Scotch  Highland- 
ers.— Large  quantities  of  tobacco,  cotton,  wheat, 
staves,  naval  stores,  and  other  produce,  are 
brought  to  this  place,  and  carried  down  the  river 
to  Wilmington,  in  boats  containing  about  120  bar- 
rels. The  growth  of  Fayettville  has  been  very 
rapid,  but  it  has  received  some  severe  checks 
from  fire.  The  inhabitants  now  begin  to  use 
brick  for  building.  The  country  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  is  elevated ;  the  soil  is  dry,  sandy,  and 
not  fertile,  except  on  the  water  courses. 

Fayettciille,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co.  Ten.  on 
Elk  river,  30  m.  N.  Huntsville,  80  S.  Nashville. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house,  bank, 
academy,  and  church. 

Fayoum,  a  province  of  Egypt,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Nile,  stretching  out  into  the  desert,  by 
which  it  is  almost  entirely  surrounded.  It  consists 
of  a  valley  nearly  environed  by  a  circuit  of  hills. 
This  territory  Ibrmed  the  ancient  Arsinoe,  de- 
scribed by  Strabo,  as  possessed  of  the  highest  fer- 
tility, and  cultivated  like  a  garden.  It  now  suf- 
fers from  the  depredations  of  the  Arabs,  but  still 
yields  grain  in  abundance.  Cloths  are  made  here 
of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton.  About  8,000 
shawls  are  said  to  be  exported  monthly ;  and  rose 
water  is  manufactured,  and  sent  to  all  parts  oi" 
Egypt,  and  to  Syria.  The  communication  with 
Cairo  is  carried  on  weekly  by  caravans.  Fayoum, 
or  Medina  Fayoum,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  3(P  39 
E.  lat.  29°  27'  N. 

Fayston,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  15  m.  S.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  149. 

Fazeley,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  2  m.  fr.  Tamworth. 

Feale,  r.  Ireland,  which,  uniting  with  the  river 
Gall,  in  Kerry,  takes  the  name  of  Cashin,  and  falls 


254 


F  E  i\ 


F  E  R 


into  the  mouth  of  the  Shannon,  11m.  above  Ker- 
ry-head. 

Fearing,  t.  Washing;ton  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  Ma- 
rietta.   Pop.  454. 

Fearn,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ross,  22  m.  fr.  Inverness. 

Fecamp,  s-p.  France,  15  m.  N.  iV.  E.  Montivil- 
lers,  9  S.  VV.  Dieppe.  Lon.  0°  23'  3"  E.  Lat.  49° 
45'  24"  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Fedala,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  40  m.- 
S.  S.  W.  Salee. 

Federalsburg,  v.  in  Dorchester  and  Caroline 
cos.  Md.  on  Marshy  hope  creek,  20  m.  N.  E.  Cam- 
bridge. 

Feedmghilh,  p-v.  in  West-Springfield,  Hamp- 
den CO.  Mass.  5  m.  W.  Springfield. 

Feejee  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  about  19° 
S.  lat.  and  180°  E.  lon.  Sandal  wood  is  plentiful. 
The  inhabitants  are  cannibals.  See  Friendly  islands. 

Feestown,  p-t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Fehrabad,  or  Fahrabad,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazande- 
ran,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  Caspian  sea,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river.  The  environs  produce  sugar, 
cotton,  and  silk.  126  m.  VV.  Asterabad,  270  N. 
Ispahan.  Lon.  53°  12'  E.  Lat.  35°  56'  N.  Pop. 
about  16,000. 

Feira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  m.  S.  Oporlo. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Feium.     See  Fayoum. 

Felaniche,  t.  Majorca.  Pop.  6,800.  Lon.  0° 
14'  W.  Lat.  39°  32'  N. 

Feldkirch,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  river  111,  40 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Coire.  Lon.  9°  35'  15"  E.  Lat.  47° 
14'  20" N. 

Feldkirchen,  t.  Carinthia,  13  m.  N.  W.  Clagen- 
furt. 

Feldsperg,  t.  Austria,  28  m.  N.  N.  E.  Vienna. 
Lon.  16°  43'  E.  Lat.  48°  44'  N. 

Feliciana,  co.  Louisiana,  divided  into  4  parish- 
es. East  Baton  Rouge,  New  Feliciana,  St.  Helena, 
and  St.  Tammany  or  St  Ferdinand. 

Feliciana,  p-t.  Feliciana  co.  Louisiana,  E.  of 
Baton  Rouge. 

Felicudi,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands,  anciently 
called  Phmnicusa.  Lon.  14°  21'  E.  Lat.  38° 
34'  N. 

Felizzano,  i.  Piedmont,  near  the  Tanaro,  8  m. 
W.  Alessandria. 

FdVs  Point.     See  Baltimore. 

Felletin,  t.  France,  on  the  Creuse,  21  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Gueret.     Lon.  2°  15'  E.  Lat.  45°  53'  N. 

Fellin,  t.  Livonia,  1 10  m.  N.  E.  Riga.  Lon.  25° 
40'  E.  Lat.  58°  16'  30"  N. 

Felo  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Sicily.  Lon.  12° 
27'E.  Lat.  370  46''N. 

Feloops,  a  people  of  W.  Africa,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Gambia. 

Felsoe-Banya,  t.  Hungary,  4  m.  from  Neustadt. 
Lon.  23°  42'  10"  E.  Lat.  47°  38'  N. 

Fellow,  t.  Prussian  states,  9  m.  S.  W.  Berlin, 

Fellre,  t.  Venetian  territory.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  Pop.  5,200.  53  m.  N.  W.  Verona,  83  N. 
Padua.     Lon.  1 1°  55'  24"  E.  Lat.  46°  0'  43"  N. 

Feltrino,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Adriat- 
ic 4  m.  S.  E.  Ortona. 

Felu,  cataract,  in  Senegal  river,  W.  Africa,  60 
m.  above  Gallam. 

Feludsje,  or  Pelvxh,  small  isl.  in  the  N.  W.  part 
of  the  gulf  of  Persia,  10  m.  E.  Koueit.  Lon.  48° 
E.  Lat.  29°  45'  N. 

Femern,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  opposite  to 
the  coast  of  Holstein.     Pop.  7,600. 

Femme  Osage,  p-t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri. 

Fennt range,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,    on  the 


Sarre,  19  m.  E.  Chateau-Salins.     Lon.  6°  37'  E. 
Lat.  46°  52' N. 

Fenestrelle,  fort,  France,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Susa,  20 
N.  N.  W^.  Pignerol. 

Fenny,  r.  Hind,  which  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  districts  of  Tippera  and  Chittagong, 
and  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  22°  50'  N. 

Fenny  Stratford.     See  Stratford. 

Fenwick,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshii-e,  4  m.  E.  Kil- 
marnock. 

Ferabad.     See  Fehrabad. 

Fercula,  district,  Africa,  in  the  N.  pail  of  ihc 
Sahara,  bordering  on  Tafilet,  50  m.  W.  Sigil- 
messa. 

Ferdinand,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  60  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier. 

Ferdinajid,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri. 

Fere,  La,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Oise  and  the  Serre.  An  action  took  place 
here  between  the  French  and  allies  on  the  1st  of 
March  1814.  14  m.  N.  W.  Laon,  22  N.  Soisson? , 
90  N.  bv  E.  Paris.  Lon.  3°  24'  E.  Lat.  49°  40'  N, 
Pop.  2,600. 

Fere,  Chatnpenoise,  La,  t.  France.  It  was  the 
scene  of  an  action  between  the  French  and  the  al- 
lies on  the  25th  March  1814.    20  m.  S.  Epemay. 

Fergus,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Slia»- 
non,  9  ra.  S.  Ennis,  in  Clare. 

Ferguson,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,066. 

Ferguson'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Johnson  co.  Illinois. 

Ferhabad.    See  Fehrabad. 

Ferlaeh,  Upper  and  Lower,  2  villages  of  Carin- 
thia, on  the  Drave.  Pop.  of  the  two,  2,850.  6 
m.  S.  Clagenfurt.     Lon.  14°  17'  E.  Lat.  46°  24'  N. 

Fermanagh,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Tyrone 
and  Donegal,  E.  by  Tyrone  and  Monaghan,  and 
S.  by  Cavan  and  Leitrim.  It  contains  694  square 
miles,  and  111,250  inhabitants. 

Fermanagh,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,954. 

Fermin  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  New  Albioq. 
Lon.  242°  3'  E.  Lat.  33°  42'  N. 

Fermo,  s-p.  Ecclesiastical  states,  on  the  gulf  of 
Venice.  It  is  tlie  see  of  an  archbishop.  26  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Ancona.  Lon.  13°  41'  41"  E.  Lat.  43°  10' 
18"  N. 

Fermosella,  t.  Spain,  in  Salamanca,  where  the 
Tormes  falls  into  the  Douro,  48  m.  W.  Salamanca- 
Pop.  3,000. 

Fermoy,  t.  Ireland,  in  Cork,  on  the  Blackwater, 
107  m.  from  Dublin.     Pop.  5,088. 

Femambuco.     See  Pernambuco. 

Fernandez,  or  Juan  Fernandez,  isl.  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  110  leagues  W.  Chili.  This  island  is 
celebrated  for  having  been  the  solitary  residence 
for  several  years  of  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch 
sailor,  from  whose  adventures  upon  it  De  Foe 
wrote  the  popular  novel  of  Robinson  Crusoe.  Lon. 
78°  52'  W.  Lat.  33°  40'  S. 

Femandina,  s-p.  on  Amelia  Island,  E.  Florida. 
The  harbour  is  defended  by  a  fort. 

Ferness,  cape  on  Eday,  one  of  the  Orkney  isl- 
ands.    Lon.2°43'W^.  Lat.  59°2rN. 

Femey,  v.  France,  on  the  frontier  of  Switzer- 
land, 5  m.  N.  N.  W.  Geneva.  It  was  for  many 
years  the  residence  of  Voltaire. 

Ferns,  v.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  15  m.  N.  Wex- 
ford. 

Ferolito,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  18  m.  S. 
Matera. 

Ferrandina,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  on  the 
Basiente,  15  m.  S.  W.  Matera. 

Ferrara,  Duchy  of,  or  the  Ferrarcse,  a  province 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  states,  having  the  A(iriatic  on 


I 


F  E  R 

Ihe  E.  and  the  Po  on  the  N.  the  portion  of  it  be- 
yond that  river  having  been  annexed  to  Lombar- 
dy  in  1815.  It  lies  low,  and  being  frequently 
overflowed  by  branches  of  the  Po,  is  marshy  and 
unhealthy.     Pop.  171,000. 

Ferrara,  city,  Italy,  capital  of  the  Ferrarese, 
and  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  situated  on  a  marshy 
plain  near  a  branch  of  the  Po,  on  the  road  from 
Venice  to  Bologna.  The  churches  and  convents 
are  very  numerous  ;  the  cathedral  is  a  very  an- 
cient fabric.  Ferrara  has  a  drawing  academy, 
and  a  collection  of  minerals  and  antiquities,  at- 
tached to  its  once  famous  university.  Here  are 
shown  manuscripts  of  Ario6to,Tasso,  andGuarinij; 
also  the  houses  which  they  respectively  occupied. 
40  m.  S.  E.  Mantua,  67  N.  Bologna.  Lon.  11°  36' 
E.  Lat.  44°  50'  N.     Pop.  24,000. 

Ferreanah,  t.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  supposed  by  Dr. 
Shaw,  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Tltala. 
130  m.  S.  W.  Tunis. 

Ferreira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  13  m.  W.  Be- 

Ferret,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  France. 
Lon.  1°  14'  45"  W.  Lat.  44°  53'  15''  N. 

Ferriby,  North,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  where 
the  wealthy  merchants  of  Hull  retire  during  the 
summer. 

Ferrier,  Point,  cape,  New  Albion.  Lon.  242° 
3'  E.  Lat.  33°  42^'  N. 

Ferrintosh,  or  Fairntash,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ross- 
shire. 

Ferrisburg,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  22  m.  S.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  1,647. 

Ferriters.    See  Blaskets. 

Ferriter's  Cove,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
between  Sybil-head  and  Smerwick  harbour. 

Ferro,  or  Hiero,  the  most  westerly  of  the  Canary 
islands.  It  contains  about  7  square  leagues.  Pop. 
6,000.  It  was  once  supposed  to  be  the  most  west- 
ci-ly  point  of  the  old  world,  and  was  employed  by 
all  geographers  as  their  first  meridian.  Lon.  of 
the  W.  point,  18°  10'  W.  Lat.  27°  45'  N. 

Ferrol,  s-p.  Spain,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Galicia, 
in  the  bay  of  Corunna.  The  harbour,  for  depth, 
capacity,  and  safety,  is  not  equalled  by  many  in 
Europe.  The  entrance  is  very  narrow,  and  com- 
manded by  forts,  and  which  may  even  be  shut  by 
a  stoccado.  It  is  now  the  first  maritime  arsenal 
in  the  kingdom.  The  basin  in  which  the  sl«ps  are 
laid  up  is  of  great  extent,  and  solid  workmanship. 
The  marine  barracks  aflbrd  accommodation  for 
6,000  men.  The  establishments  here  are  all  na- 
val ;  there  is  an  academy  for  the  Guardas  Mari- 
nas ;  a  mathematical  school  for  marine  artille- 
rists ;  a  nautical,  and  even  a  pilot ,  school.  Ferrol 
is  not  a  place  of  trade,  the  harbour  being  frequen- 
ted only  by  coasting  barks ;  and  the  manufactures 
confined  to  sail  cloth.  Pop.  about  10,000.  21  m. 
N.  E.  Corunna,  36  N.  W.  Lugo.  Lon.  8°  11'  W. 
Lat.  43°  29'  N. 

Ferrol,  Cape,  a  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.   Lon.  57°  11'  W.  Lat.  51°  4'  N. 

Ferri/,  v.  Scotland,  in  Forfarshire,  on  the  frith 
of  Tay,  3  m.  E.  Dundee. 

Ferrybridge,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Ayre, 
15  m.  N.  Doncaster. 

Ferryden,  v.  Scotland,  in  Forfar,  1  m.  S.  Mon- 
trose. 

Ferry-hill,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Ferry  Port  on  Craig,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire, 

the  mouth  of  the  Tay,  4  m.  E.  S,  E.  Dundee. 

Fcrrytown  of  Cm,    ^n^CrntoKn. 


FEZ 


255 


Fersina,  r.  Tyrol,  which  runs  into  the  Adige,  2 
m.  N.  Trent. 

Ferte  Alais,  or  Aleps,  La,  t.  France  on  the 
Juine,  34  m.  S.  Paris.  Lon.  2°  30'  E.  Lat.  48° 
29'  N. 

Ferie  Bernard,  La,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  18  m. 
N.  E.  Le  Mans.     Lon.  0°  44'  E.  Lat.  48°  11'  N. 

Ferte  Chaudron,  La,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  10 
m.  N.  W.  Moulins; 

Ferte  Gaucher,  La,  t.  France,  which  was  the 
scene  of  a  severe  action,  on  26th  March  1814,  be- 
tween the  French  and  allies.  14  m.  S.  Chateau- 
Thierry.     Lon.  3°  22'  E.  Lat.  48°  47'  N. 

Ferte  Maces,  La,  t.  France,  23  m.  W.  Alencon. 
Pop.  3,400. 

Ferte  Milon,  La,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the 
Ourcq,  60  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Ferte  sur  Aube,  La,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne, 
the  scene  of  an  action  between  the  French  and  al- 
lies on  the  27th  and  28th  February  1814.  15  m, 
W.  Chaumont  en  Bassigne.  Lon.  4°  42'  E.  Lat. 
48°  6'  N. 

Ferte  sous  Jouarre,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and- 
Marne,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Marne  and  the  Morin. 
10  m.  E.  Meaux.     Pop.  3,700. 

Fethord,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tipperary,  8  m.  S.  E. 
Castel. 

Fetio,  (an.  Ephetce,)  t.  Thessaly,  45  m.  S.  E. 
Larissa. 

Fetislaw,  or  Kladowo.  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia, 
on  the  Danube,  8  m.  E.  Orsova. 

Fetlar,  or  Fitlar,  one  of  the  more  northern  Shet- 
land islands.     Lon.  1°  6'  W.  Lat.  60°  58'  N. 

Fetlercairn,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kincardine. 

Fetu,  or  Affetu,  district  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Af-' 
rica,  in  which  is  Cape  Coast  Castle. 

Feversham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent.  The  manufacture 
of  gunpowder  is  carried  on  to  a  great  extent.  The 
works  belong  to  government.  Between  12,000 
and  13,000  barrels  are  annually  manufactured. 
Pop.  3,872.  9  m.  W.  Canterbury,  47  E.  London. 
Lon.  0°  54'  E.  Lat.  51°  19'  N. 

Feugerolles,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  5  m.  S.  St.  Et- 
ienne. 

Fez,  country,  N.  Africa,  bounded  N.  b}'^  the 
straits  of  Gibraltar,  E.  by  Algiers,  S.  by  Morocco, 
and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  It  is  now  annexed  to 
Morocco,  and  forms  the  most  valuable  portion  of 
that  empire.     See  Morocco. 

Fes,  a  large  city  of  Morocco,  in  Africa,  built  ia 
793,  and  once  the  capital  of  all  the  western  Ma- 
hometan states.  Leo  Africanus  describes  it  in  the 
twelfth  century  as  containing  700  temples  and 
mosques.  Such  was  the  veneration  in  which  it 
was  held,  that  when  the  road  to  Mecca  Avas  shut 
up,  pilgrimages  were  made  to  Fez,  as  a  city  al- 
most as  sacred.  It  was  no  less  famous  for  learning. 
Its  numerous  schools  for  philosophy,  physic,  and 
astronomy,  were  resorted  to  from  all  the  Mahom- 
etan kingdoms  of  Spain  and  Africa.  The  situa- 
tion of  the  city  is  singular.  It  lies  in  a  valley, 
which  is  formed  by  surrounding  hills  into  a  species 
of  funnel,  and  the  higher  parts  of  which  are  cov- 
ered with  trees,  orange  groves  and  orchards.  A 
river  winds  through  the  valley,  refreshing  the 
fields,  turning  various  machinery,  and  supplying 
water  to  all  the  city.  Fez  stands  in  the  hollow 
parts  of  this  valley ;  and  the  gardens  seeu  around 
it  form  a  most  delightful  amphitheatre.  On  a  height 
above  the  rest  of  the  city  stands  New  Fez.  The 
finest  edifice  is  the  mosque  of  Carubin,  which  is 
a  mile  and  a  half  in  circumference.  The  city 
contains  200   caravansaries  or  inns.    The  mar- 


256 


F  I  G 


F  1  N 


kets  are  immensely  crowded.  Pop.  according  to 
Mr.  Jackson,  380,000,  according  to  Ali  Bey, 
100,000.     Lon.  5°  20'  W.  Lat.  33°  50'  N. 

Feza,  city,  Persia,  in  Fars,  supposed  to  be  the 
ancient  Pasa  Sarda,  56  m.  W.  Darabjerb. 

Fezzan,  a  country  of  interior  Africa,  S.  of  Tri- 
poli. It  forms,  as  it  were,  a  great  island  in  the 
midst  of  an  immense  desert  of  sand.  The  cultiva- 
ted plain  is  about  300  miles  long,  and  200  broad. 
The  heatof  summer  is  intense,  scarcely  supporta- 
ble even  by  the  natives.  The  winter  on  the  other 
hand,  is  bleak  and  cold.  The  population,  estima- 
ted by  Horneman  at  70,000  or  75,000,  is  composed 
partly  of  the  natives  of  the  bordering  desert,  and 
partly  of  merchants  from  Egypt,  Tripoli,  Bornou, 
Cassina,  and  other  distant  parts  of  Africa.  The 
king  pays  a  small  tribute  to  Tripoli,  but  in  other 
respects  is  entirely  independent,  and  rules  his  do- 
minions with  absolute  sway.  Fezzan  derives  its 
chief  importance  from  that  favourable  situation, 
which  renders  it  a  grand  depot  for  the  immense 
interior  commerce  which  is  carried  on  between 
Northern  and  Central  Africa.  A  British  resident 
has  lately  been  appointed  at  the  court  of  Fezzan, 
and  the  British  government  have  determined  to 
make  vigorous  efforts,  to  penetrate  by  this  route 
into  the  interior  of  Africa. 

Fiano,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Tiber,  15  m.  N.  Rome. 

Fiano,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  9  m.  S.  Ter- 
amo. 

Fianona,  s-p.  Istria,  on  the  gulf  of  Quarnero, 
36  m.  S.  E.  Trieste.  Lon.  14°  18'  E.  Lat.  45° 
49' N. 

Ficheruolo^  t.  of  the  Popedom,  on  the  Po,  13  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Ferrara. 

Fidalgo,  Port,  inlet,  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  in 
Prince  William  sound.     Lat.  60°  55' N. 

Fiddich,  r.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  which  falls  into 
the  Spey. 

Fidts,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  tlie  Theya,  6  m.  S. 
W.  Bohmisch  Wadhofen. 

Fiego,  or  Fijoogo,  s-p.  Japan,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Niphon.  48  m.  S.  W.  Meaco. 

Field^s  mills,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Fier,  r.  Savoy,  which  falls  into  the  Rlione  near 
Seissel. 

Fiesole,  (an.  Fasulcr.,)  t.  Tuscany,  3  m.  N.  E. 
Florence. 

Fife,  a  maritime  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Tay,  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  S.  by  the  frith 
of  Forth,  and  W.  by  the  counties  of  Perth,  Clack- 
mannan, and  Kinross.  It  contains  504  square 
miles.  It  is  verv  {xipulous  and  fertile,  and  abounds 
with  minerals.  "  Pop.  101,272.  Families,  26,352, 
of  which  number,  5,073  are  engaged  in  agricul- 
ture, and  15,564  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Fifeness,  cape,  Scotland.  Lon.  2°  W.  Lat.  56° 
17' N. 

Fifteen-mile  creek,  r.  which  rises  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  runs  into  the  Potomac  in  Maryland. 

Figalo,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Epirus,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Arta.  Lon.  20°  32'  E.  Lat. 
39°  20'  N. 

Figari,  Porto,  di,  t.  Corsica,  17  m.  S.  W.  Porto 
Vecchio. 

Figeac,  t.  Fiance,  in  Lot,  on  the  Seille,  27  m. 
E.  Cahors,  46  N.  E.  Montauban.  Lon.  2°  8'  E. 
Lat.  47°  37'  N.     Pop.  6,450. 

Fighig,  t.  and  district,  Africa,  within  the  nom- 
inal doniinions  of  the  emperor  of  Morocco,  and  a 
rendezvouz  for  tlie  Mecca  and  Tombuctoo  cara- 
vans.   240  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mequinez. 


Fighting  island,  small  isl.  of  Michigan  Territo- 
ry, in  Detroit  river,  alittle  above  Gross  isle. 

Figlino,  t.  Tuscany,  in  the  Val  d'Arno,  16  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Florence. 

Figueira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Bcira,  on  the  Monde- 
go,  10  m.  S.  W.  Montemor  o  Velho. 

Figuems,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  near  the 
French  frontier.  It  has  a  stroiog  and  magnificent 
castle.  20  m.  N.  Gerona,  25  S.  Perpignan.  Pop. 
4,600. 

Figueri,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardin- 
ia.    Lon.  9°  46'  E.  Lat.  41°  8'  N. 

Filadeljia,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  12  m. 
W.  Squillace. 

FiJehne,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  26  ra,  N.  W.  Posen. 

Filck,  t.  Hungary,  40  m.  S.  E.  Cremnitz. 

Filey,  t.  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  York,  2  m.  N.  Hun- 
m«nby. 

Filippo  d'' Argirone,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  De- 
mone,  on  the  Jaretta,  9  m.  S.  Nicosia.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Filipoppoli.     See  Philippopoli. 

Filoquia,  (an.  Argos  Amphilochium,^  t.  Albanifj, 
on  the  gulf  of  Arta,  25  m.  S.  E.  Arta. 

Filoti,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  8  m.  W.  Joannina, 

Fimarella,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  guH" 
of  Tarento.     Lon.  17°  12'  E.  Lat.  39°  36'  N. 

Finale,  s-p.  in  the  Genoese  territory,  35  m.  S. 
W.  Genoa.  Lon.  8°  24'  E.  Lat.  44°  10'  N.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Finale  de  Modena,  t.  Modena,  on  the  Panaro,  23 
m.  N.  E.  Modena. 

Fincaslle,  or  Monroe,  p-t.  and  cap.  Botetourt  co. 
Va.  on  Catabaw  creek,  which  runs  into  James  riv- 
er, a  few  miles  below  the  town  ;  55  m.  VV.  by  N. 
Lynchbui^,  36  E.  Lexington,  Ken.  175  W.  Ilicli- 
mond.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and 
about  60  houses. 

Fiiichley,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  7  m.  N.  Lon- 
don. 

Finchtown,  t.  St.  Ormont  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Findhorn,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  Mo- 
fay  frith,  4  m.  below  Forres. 

Findhorn,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Elgin,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Findhorn,  5  m.  N,  Forres. 

Findleysville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

Finham,  t.  France,  22  m.  N.  by  W.  Toulouse. 

Finholloway,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into  the  Alata- 
maha,  in  Wayne  co. 

Finisterra,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Spain,  on 
the  coast  of  Galicia.  Lon.  9^  13'  30"  W.  Lat.  43° 
56'  30"  N. 

Finisterre,  a  department  in  the  western  extrem- 
ity of  France.  Quimber  is  the  capital,  though 
Brest  is  a  much  larger  place. 

Finland,  an  extensive  country  in  the  north  of 
Europe,  bounded  N.  by  Lapland,  E.  by  the  Rus- 
sian governments  of  Archangel  and  Olonetz  ;  S. 
by  the  gulf  of  Finland,  and  W.  by  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.  It  extends  from  60°  to  m°  N.  lat.  The 
whole  of  this  country,  except  the  district  of  Wy- 
borg,  formerly  belonged  to  Sweden,  and  was  divi- 
ded into  Finland  proper,  and  East  Bothnia,  but 
in  1808,  the  whole  was  annexed  to  Russia,  and 
now  constitutes  the  goA'ernment  of  Finland.  It 
contains  89,520  square  miles,  and  1,115,000  in- 
habitants. The  pasturages  are  extensive  and 
good  ;  the  exports  of  the  country  consist  in  tar, 
pitch,  wood,  iron,  and  copper.  The  Finnish  lan- 
guage is  quite  different  both  from  Russian  aiid 
Swedish  ;  this  language  is  spoken  also  in  Lapland, 
Esthonia,  and  in  part  of  Livonia.  In  religion  the 
Finlandei's  are  Lutherans.    The  capital  is  Abo. 


F  I  S 

Finlet/,  t.  Washin^on  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,035. 

Finmark.,  an  extensive  province  of  Norway, 
bordering  on  the  Northern  ocean.  Pop.  27,000. 
The  inhabitants  derive  their  principal  subsistence 
irom  fishing.  To  this  province  belong  several  isl- 
ands, on  one  of  which,  Mageroe,  is  the  north  cape, 
tiie  most  northern  promontory  of  Europe. 

Finn,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Lough  Foyle 
near  Strabane. 

Finms,  t.  France,  17  m.  W.  Rheims.  Lon.  3*^ 
42'  E.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. 

Fino,  Cape,  Genoa,  on  the  coast  of  the  Riviera 
di  Levante.     Lon.  8°  6'  E.  Lat.  44°  19'  N. 

Finow,  small  r.  Brandenburg,  which  falls  into 
tile  Oder. 

Fiiuterwalde,  t.  Prussian  states,  36  m.  N.  Dres- 
den. 

Finlry,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire,  8  m.  S.  W. 
Stirling. 

Fionda,  or  Pkionda,  (an.  Phaselis,)  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Satalia.  It 
is  called  Tekrova  by  the  Turks.  Here  are  the  3 
ports  and  the  lake,  described  by  Strabo  ;  the  ruins 
of  a  theatre,  and  the  remains  of  several  large  buil- 
dings.   26  m.  S.  Adalia, 

Fiorentino,  t.  Popedom,  in  the  Campagna  di  Ro- 
ma, 23  m.  N.  Terracina-  Lon.  13°  6'  E.  Lat.  41° 
42' N. 

/''iorcn/mo,  t  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  7  m.  S. 
Lucera. 

Fiorenzuola,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  10  m. 
S.  St.  Severo. 

Fiorenzuola,  t.  and  fort  of  the  duchy  of  Piacen- 
za,  22  m.  N.  W.  Parma.     Pop.  3,000. 

Firan,  small  island  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  41° 
30'  E.  Lat.  17°  13'  N. 

Firelands,  a  tract  of  country,  Ohio,  which  in- 
cludes the  5  western-most  ranges  of  townships  in 
the  Connecticut  reserve. 

Firenzuola,  t.  Tuscany,  22  m.  N.  Florence,  23 
S.  Bologna. 

Fireplace,  ■p-v.  in  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

Firminy,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  6  m.  W.  St.  Et- 
ienne. 

Firosabad,  the  name  of  part  of  the  city  of  Delhi. 

Firozabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  Jumna.  Lon. 
7S°  20'  E.  Lat.  27°  9'  N. 

Firozeabad,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  70  m.  from  Bu- 
shire. 

Firozeh,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  75°  13'  E.  Lat. 
29°  17'  N. 

First  Moon,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,033. 

First  Sight  Island,  one  of  the  Solomon  islands. 
Lon.  149°  10'  E.  Lat.  7°  15'  S. 

Fischhausen,  t.  East  Prussia,  on  the  Frische- 
Haf,  5  m.  W.  Konigsberg. 

Fishkill,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  Wood  creek  2 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Oneida  lake.  Anoth- 
er creek  of  this  name  is  the  outlet  of  Saratoga 
lake  into  Hudson  river.  Its  moutli  is  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Battenkill.  On  the  banks  of  tins  creek, 
the  British  army,  under  Gen.  Burgoyne,  surren- 
d«red  to  Gen.  Gates,  Oct.  17th,  1777. 

Fish  River,  Great,  r.  Africa,  which  rises  in  the 
Sneuwberg  mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea.     Lon.  21°  20'  E.  Lat.  33°  30'  S. 

Fish  River,  r.  West  Florida,  which  runs  into 
Mobile  bay.     Lon.  87°  50'  W.  Lat.  30°  30'  N. 

Fisher's  field,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  16  m.  E. 
Charlestown,  23  W.  Concord.  Pop.  563.  Sunapee 
pond  lies  partly  in  this  town. 

Fisher'' s  island,  isl.  in  Long-Island  Sound,  an- 
ted to  Southold,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  S.  W. 

3r^ 


F  I  U 


257 


Stonington,  Ct.     It  is  9  miles  long  and  2  broad,  r 
Pop.  100. 

Fisher's  store,  p-v.  Clarke  co.  Alabama. 

Fisherrow,  t.  Scotland,  5  m.  E.  Edmburgh. 

Fishguard,  or  Fisgard,  s-p.  Wales,  in  Pembroke 
CO.  16  m.  from  St.  David's. 

Fishing  bay,  bay,  Md.   on  the  eastern  shore  of 
the  Chesapeake,  in  Dorchester  and  Somerset  cos.  ^ 
It  receives  the  Wicomico  and  Nanticoke,  besides 
other  smaller  rivers.      The  entrance  is  between 
Goldsborough,  and  Devil's  islands. 

Fishing  creek,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  th^ 
Susquehannah.     Pop.  628. 

Fishing  creek,  p-t.  Tyler  co.  Va. 

Fishing  creek,  p-v.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C. 

Fishingford  cross-roads,  p-v.  Bedford  co.  Ten. 
nessee. 

Fishing  river,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 

Fishkill,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson  riv- 
er, 10  m.  below  Poughkeepsie,  65  N.  New-York. 
Pop.  6,930.  The  village  of  Fishkill  is  about  3  m. 
E.  of  the  river,  on  Fishkill  creek.  The  other  set- 
tlements in  the  town,  are  Hopewell^  New  Hack- 
insac,  Middlebush,  and  Wappinger's  creek.  The 
number  of  churches  is  6.  Here  are  numerous 
mills  and  manufactures  and  2  landings,  at 
which  considerable  trade  is  carried  on. 

Fishkill  landing,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

Fish  lake,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river 
Don,  2  m.  from  Thorn. 

Fish  river,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  Mobile  bay. 

Fisko,  small  isl.  of  the  Baltic.  Lon.  20°  45'  E. 
Lat.  60°  28'  N. 

Fismes,  t.  France,  14  m.  W.  Rheims.  Lon.  3P 
42'  E.  Lat.  43°  19'  N. 

Fitchburg,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  on  Nashua 
river,  25  m.  N.  Worcester.     Pop.  1,566. 

Fittre,  or  Fiddri,  large  lalce  of  Central  Africa, 
in  a  kingdom  of  the  same  name,  called  also,  Lussi 
Cougu,  and  Dar  Cooka.  The  kingdom  lies  S.  of 
Begherme,  and  is  now  subject  to  Boruou. 

Filfil  Head,  cape  of  Mainland,  one  of  the  Shet- 
land isles,  near  tlie  N.  extremity.  Lon.  1°  44'  W. 
Lat.  59°  50'  iN. 

Fitzherberfs  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida 
stream,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Lon.  81°  50'  W.  Lat.  24°  40'  N. 

Fitzhugh's  Sound,  narrow  channel  of  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  between  Calvert's  island  and  the  W. 
coast  of  America. 

Fitzjames,  formerly  Warthi,  t.  France,  in  Oise, 
3  m.  N.  E.  Clermont. 

Fitzwilliam,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  S. 
E.  Keene.     Pop.  1,310. 

Five  Fingers  Point,  New  Zealand,  the  N.  prom- 
ontory at  tiie  entrance  of  Dusky  bay. 

Fivizzavo,  t.  Tuscany.  13  m.  N.  N.  E.  Carrara. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Fiume,  s-p.  Austrian  empire,  at  the  bottom  of 
the  gulf  of  Quarnero,  on  the  Adriatic.  The  har- 
bour, though  difficult  of  entrance,  is  very  com- 
modious. 5  m.  W.  N.  W.  Buccari,  36  S.  E. 
Trieste.  Pop.  12,000.  Lon.  14°  26'  22"  E.  Lat. 
45°  20'  10"  N. 

Fiume,  one  of  the  circles  of  the  newly  erected 
Austrian  kingdom  of  Illyria.     Pop.  131,500. 

Fiume  Grande,  r.  Sicily,  which  forms  the  E. 
boundary  of  the  Val  di  Mazzara. 

Fiumicino,  s-p.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  W.  branc)i  ef  the  Tiber,  2 
in.  S.  W.  Porto. 


258 


B'  L  E 


Flaach,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Rhine  and  Thur,  8  m.S.  W.  Schaffhausen, 

Fladslrand,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  Jutland.  It  is  a 
common  shipping  place  to  Norway.  30  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Aalborg.  Lon.  10°  33'  30"  E.  Lat  57°  27' 
3"N. 

Flagg-spring,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 

Flamborougli,  t.  Eng-.  in  Yorkshire. 

Flamborough,  t.  York  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Bur- 
lington bay,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Flamborough  Head,  lofty  promontory,  Eng.  on 
the  coast  of  York.     Lon.  0°  19'  E.  Lat.  54°  9'  N. 

Flanders,  country,  Europe,  included  partly  in 
France,  but  chiefly  in  the  new  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands.  Frencli  Flanders,  forms  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North.  The  part  belonging  to  the 
Netherlands  is  divided  into  East  and  West  Flan- 
ders, which  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
line  running  almost  due  S.  from  Sluys.  East 
Flanders  contains  1,080  square  miles.  Pop. 
600,000.  Its  capital  is  Ghent.  The  surface  is 
level  in  the  north,  while  to  the  south  it  consists  of 
undulating  plains.  The  soil  is  in  general  a  heavy 
loam,  and  very  fertile.  The  chief  productions  are 
corn,  pulse,  flax,  madder,  tobacco,  fruit  ;  and  the 
pasturages  are  also  excellent.  West  Flanders  has 
a  considerable  tract  of  coast,  in  the  central  part  of 
which  is  Ostend.  Its  extent  is  1,500  square  miles. 
Pop.  520,000  ;  its  surface  is  in  general  level,  ex- 
cept the  sand  hills  on  the  coast.  Here  also  the 
goil  is  fertile,  and  (he  agriculture  good.  The 
manufactures  are  very  considerable  in  lace  and 
fine  linen.  ' 

Flannan  Islands,  several  islands  of  the  Hebrides. 
Lon.  7°  25'  W.  Lat.  58°  26'  N, 

Flaibush,  p-t.  and  cap.  Kings  co.  Long-Island, 
N.  Y.  on  New-York  bay,  5  m.  S.  by  E.  New- York 
city.  Pop.  1,159.  The  public  buildings  are,  a 
court-house,  an  academy,  called  Erasmus  Hall, 
and  a  church.  A  battle  was  fought  near  this  town, 
27th  August,  1776,  in  which  the  Americans  were 
defeated  by  the  British,  with  great  loss. 

Flat  creek,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into  the  Great 
Pedee,  6^  m.  from  Greenville. 

Flat  Holm,  isl.  in  the  Bristol  channel.  Lon.  3^ 
5'  W.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Flatlands,  t.  Kings  co.  N.  Y.  on  New-York  bay, 
2  m.  S.  Flatbush.     Pop.  517. 

Flat  Point,  cape  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
Sumatra.     Lon   102°  38'  E.  Lat.  0°  50'  S. 

Flathow,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  25  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Bromberg.     Lon.  17°  2'  27"  E.  Lat.  53°  21'  53"  N. 

Flattery  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  lat.  18>=  23i  N.  and  in  lon.  124°  52' W. 

Fleche,  La,  t.  France,  in  Sartlie,  on  the  Loir, 
formerly  celebrated  for  its  college,  which  is  now 
discontinued.  Pop.  5.000.  22  m.  N.  E.  Angers. 
Lon.  0°  8'  E.  Lat.  47°  42'  N. 

Fleckeroe,  isl.  Norway,  nearChristiansand.  Lon. 
8°  18'  E.  Lat.  58°  4'  N. 

Fleet,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Trent,  8  m. 
N.  Newark. 

Fleet,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  Wigton  bay. 

Fleming,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  Ken.  Pop.  8,947. 
Slaves,  549. 

Flemings,  p-v.  Wayne  co.  Indiana. 

Flemingsburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 

Ftemington,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  23  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Trenton,  9  S.  Pittstown,  53  N.  E.  Philadel- 
phia. 

Flenslorg,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Baltic,  16  m.  N.  Sleswick,  Pop.  15,000, 
Lon,  9°  27' 40" E.  Lut.  54°  47'  18" X. 


i^'  L  O 

Fletcher,,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt  22  m,  N.  E.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  382. 

Fleurancei,  t.  France,  on  the  Gers,  4  m.  S.  Lcc<- 
toure.     Lon.  0°  1 5'  E.  Lat,  43°  5 1 '  N. 

Fleurus,  t,  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  near 
the  Sambre,  and  the  scene  of  repeated  battles. 
Pop,  2,020,     7  m,  N.  E,  Charleroi. 

Flinders  Island,  isl.  on  the  S.  coast  of  New-Hol"- 
land.     Lon.  134"  27'  E,  Lat.  33°  41'  S, 

Flinn,  t,  Jackson  co,  Indiana. 

Flinn'sfork,  p-v,  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

Flint,  CO,  Wales,  bounded  N,  by  the  Irish  sea, 
N.  E,  by  the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  E.  by  Cheshire, 
and  S,  E.  and  S,  W,  by  Denbighshire,  The  prin^ 
cipal  manufactures  are  copper  and  brass,  which 
are  carried  on  to  a  large  extent  near  Holywell. 
Pop,  in  1811,  46,518,  Families,  9,740  ;  of  which 
number  4,086  were  employed  in  agriculture,  and 
3,009  in  trade  and  manufactures. 

Flint,  t.  Wales,  m  Flint  co.  on  the  estuary  of 
the  Dee.     Pop.  1,433.     7  m.  from  Holywell. 

Flint,  r.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
Canandaigua  river,  at  the  village  of  Vienna  ia 
Phelps. 

Flint,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  between  N.  lat.  34"^ 
and  35°,  and  running  S.  joins  the  Chatahoochee  to 
form  the  Appal achicola.  The  Creek  Indians  have 
a  number  of  villages  on  this  river. 

Flint  Island,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  island.  Lon.  59° 
40'W.  Lat.  46°10'N. 

Flitsch,  t.  Austrian  empire,  IB  m.  W.  S.  W.  Vil- 
lach. 

Flix,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Ebro,  20  m. 
S.  Lerida,  25  N.  Tortosa.  Lon.  0°  22'  E.  Lat.  41* 
8'N. 

Flixlon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  W.  Man- 
chester. 

Flodden,  v,  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  near  to 
which  a  bloody  engagement  was  fought  between 
the  English  and  Scotch,  September,  1513.  3  m. 
N.  Wooler. 

Florae,  i.  France,  in  Lozere,  on  the  Tarn,  13 
m.  S.  Mende.     Lon.  3°  40'  E.  Lat.  44°  19'  N. 

Florence,  the  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Tus- 
cany, and  one  of  the  finest  cities  of  Italy,  stands  in 
a  beautiful  valley  intersected  by  the  Amo.  It? 
streets  and  squares  are  adorned  with  pillars,  foun- 
tains, and  statues.  The  number  of  churches  is 
uncommonly  great, and  they  contain  many  excel- 
lent paintings.  The  cathedral  is  a  building  of 
great  extent  and  magnificence.  The  dome  of  this 
building  is  much  admired ;  also  the  adjoining 
tower,  280  feet  in  height,  which  is  light  and  grace- 
ful in  its  architecture,  and  adorned  with  statues. 
The  church  of  St.  Lorenzo  contains  the  magnifi- 
cent mausoleum  of  the  Medicis ;  and  the  adjoin- 
ing convent  holds  the  library  of  tlie  same  family, 
valuable  chiefly  for  its  manuscripts.  But  the 
grand  collection  of  works  of  art  is  iuthe  Medicean 
gallery,  known  throughout  Europe  as  the  gallerj 
of  Florence  ;  it  is  more  than  500  feet  long,  and  re- 
plenished with  busts,  statues,  and  paintings.  The 
last  are  arranged  so  as  to  exhibit  the  history  of  the 
art  from  the  11th  to  the  17th  century.  Here  is 
the  celebrated  Venus  de  Medicis,  and  other  beau- 
tiful specimens  of  art,  carried  ofi'for  a  time  by  the 
French,  but  restored  in  1815.  The  university  of 
Florence  dates  from  1438.  In  1542  was  instituted 
the  Academia  Florentina.  Here  are  also  schools, 
and  an  academy  of  the  fine  arts.  Dante,  Machia- 
vel,  Guicciardini,  Americus  Vespucius,  and  other 
distinguished  characters^  were  natives  of  Florence 


FLO 

Fiorence  is  surrounded  by  a  wall,  aud  lias  two 
citadels.  It  is  t!ie  see  of  an  archljisliop,  and  was 
aplaceof  great  trade  from  the  13th  to  the  15th 
rentury.  50  ra.  S.  Bologna,  130  N.  N.  W.  Rome. 
Lon.  11°  15'  45"  E.  Lat.  43"  46'  41"  N.  Pop. 
75,000. 

Floretu-e,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  N.  W.  Rome. 
Fop.  396. 

Florence,  t.  and  cap.  Lauderdale  co.  Alabama, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Muscle  Shoals,  60  m.  N.  by  E.  Cotton-gin  Port. 
It  is  on  a  plain,  elevated  100  feet  above  the  river, 
and  was  laid  out  in  1818. 

Florensac,  t.  France,  16  m.  E.  by  N.  Beziers. 

FloremiUe,  L  Netherlands,  in  Luxemburg,  11 
m.  N.  Neufchateau. 

Flores,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  234°  3'  E.  Lat. 
49°  20'  N. 

Flares,  isl,  one  of  the  Azores,  about  30  miles  long 
and  9  broad.  Pop.  1,300  or  1,400.  Lon.  31®  W. 
Lat.  39°  34'  N. 

Flares,  or  Ende,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  about 
200  miles  long,  by  40  or  50  broad.  Lon.  120°  to 
123°E.  Lat.  8'oto9°  S. 

Florida,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  30  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Lenox.     Pop.  392. 

Florida,  p-v.  in  Warwick,  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  4i 
m.  from  the  village  of  Warwick.  It  has  about  60 
houses,  a  church,  and  an  academy. 

Florida,  p-t,  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
hawk, 11  m.  S.  Johnstown,  35  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,777.     It  contains  5  churches. 

Florida,  a  territory  of  the  U.  States,  bounded 
N.  by  Alabama  and  Georgia,  E.  by  the  Atlantic, 
8.  and  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Formerly  the 
name  of  Florida  was  applied  to  the  whole  country 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  and  bounded  as  follows  : 
N.  by  the  river  St  Mary  from  the  sea  to  its  source, 
thence  W.  to  the  junction  of  Flint  river  with  the 
Appalachicola,  then  up  the  Appalaohicola  to  the 
parallel  of  31°  N.  lat  Uieii  due  W.  along  that  par- 
allel to  the  Mississippi.  The  river  Appalachicola 
divided  this  country  into  East  and  West  Florida. 
The  part  Iving  between  the  Mississippi  and  Pearl 
river,  is  now  included  in  the  state  of  Louisiana ; 
the  part  between  Pearl  river  and  the  Perdido,  be- 
longs to  the  states  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama ; 
and  the  part  east  of  the  Perdido  is  the  country  tliat 
is  now  properly  called  Florida.  It  lies  between 
25°  and  31°  N.  lat.  and  between  80°  30'  and  87° 
20'  W.  lon.  The  soil  is  very  various  ;  in  some 
parts,  especially  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  it  is 
«qual  to  any  in  the  world  ;  in  other  parts,  indif- 
ijerent ;  and  there  are  large  tracts  which  are  rep- 
resented to  be  of  little  value.  The  country,  how- 
ever, has  been  but  imperfectly  explored,  and  few 
agricultural  experiments  have  been  made.  Much 
of  the  land,  which,  on  a  superficial  view,  has  been 
supposed  to  be  not  worth  cultivating,  it  is  believed 
may  be  turned  to  very  profitable  account.  The 
productions  are  corn,  rice.,  potatoes,  cotton,  hemp, 
olives,  oranges,  and  other  tropical  fruits,  and  it  is 
supposed  that  coffee  and  the  sugar  cane  will  flour- 
ish here.  The  pine  barrens  produce  a  kind  of 
grass,  which  supports  an  immense  number  of  cat- 
tle. The  forests  yield  fine  live  oak, -pitch,  tar, 
and  turpentine,  and  lumber  has  been  exported  for 
nearly  a  century.  Vast  quantities  of  fish  are  cur- 
ed on  the  coast. — The  climate,  from  October  to 
June,  is  generally  excellent  ;  but  the  months  of 
July,  August,  and  September,  are  extremely  hot 
and  uncomfortable;  and  during  tliis  season,  fevers 
tre  prevalent-    At  St.  Augustine  however,  the 


FLU  25$ 

climate  is  delightful,  and  this  place  is  the  resort 
of  invalids. 

Florida  has  often  changed  masters.  Until  1763 
it  belonged  to  Spain.  It  was  then  ceded  to  Great 
Britain  ;  but  in  17B3,  was  restored  to  Spain,  with 
whom  it  remained  till  1821,  Avhen  it  was  ceded  to 
the  United  States.  The  white  population  is  com- 
posed of  Spaniards,  English,  Scotch,  Irish,  and  A- 
mericans.  Their  number  is  supposed  not  to  ex- 
ceed 10  or  15,000,  and  their  settlements  are  con- 
fined to  the  coast  and  the  banks  of  the  principal 
rivers.  The  Seminole  Indians  formerly  possessed 
the  most  fertile  districts,  but  in  the  recent  contest 
with  the  U.  States,  they  have  been  scattered  and 
slaughtered.  See  Seminoles.  The  principal  riv- 
ers are  the  5<.^o/m's,  which  is  a  fine  river,  running 
from  S.  to  N.  through  nearly  the  wiiole  extent  of 
the  peninsula ;  and  the  Appalachicola,  which  ri- 
ses on  the  borders  of  Tennessee,  and  derives  its 
waters  from  the  western  half  of  Georgia,  and  a 
part  of  Alabama.  The  principal  island  is  Amelia 
island.  The  principal  towns  are  St.  Augustine 
and  Pensacola,  The  acquisition  of  Florida  ii 
very  important  to  the  United  States,  as  it  secures 
the  outlet  of  several  navigable  rivers  ;  axcludes 
foreign  powers  from  a  long  line  of  vulnerable  fron- 
tier ;  gives  us  numerous  ports  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico ;  brings  near  the  W.  India  islands,  and  adds 
some  valuable  articles  to  the  list,ofour  agricultu- 
ral products.     See  Forbes''  purchase. 

Florida,  p-t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

Florida,  Cape,  the  most  easterly  point  of  Flor-« 
ida.     Lon.  80°  37'  W.  Lat.  25°  44'  N. 

Florida^  Gulf  of,  the  channel  between  the  pen- 
insula of  Florida  and  the  Bahama  islands,  N.  of  the 
island  of  Cuba,  and  thi*ough  which  the  gulf  stream 
passes. 

Florida  Keys,  or  Martyr^ s  Islands,  a  number  of 
rocks  and  sand  banks  at  the  S.  extremity  of  E. 
Florida.  The  great  sand  bank  extends  from  the 
peninsula  of  East  Florida  inward,  to  the  gulf  ol 
Mexico,  in  the  form  of  a  nook. 

Florida,  Rio,  r.  JS'ew  Spain,  Which  discharges 
itself  into  the  Conchos. 

Florida  Stream,  channel  which  separates  the 
island  of  Cuba  from  the  coast  of  Florida,  between 
the  gulf  of  Florida  and  the  gulf  ol"  Mexico. 

Florissant,  p-t.  St  Louis  co.  Missouri  on  Missou- 
ri river,  opposite  St  Charles,  16  m.  N.  W.  St. 
Louis,  and  12  m.  above  Bellefontaine. 

Flotle,  t.  France,  on  the  isleof  Rhe,  7  m.  W.  La 
Rochelle.     Pop.  3,000. 

Flowertown,  or  White  Marsh,  p-t.  Montgomery 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill,  12  in.  N.  Philadelphia, 
Pop.  1,328. 

Floyd,  t.  Oneida  CO.  N.  Y.  6  m.  N.  E.  Rome, 
Pop.  970.    Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

Floyd,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  3,485.  Slaves,  115, 
Chief  town,  Prestonville.  At  the  court-house  is 
a  post  office, 

Floyd,  CO.  Iiidiana» 

Floyd's,  p^v.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 

Fluelen,  v.  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schv/itz,  on 
the  lake  of  Lucern,  2  m.  N.  Altorf. 

Fhishing,  s-p.  Netherlands,  in  the  isl.  of  Wal-" 
cheren,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Scheldt,  at  its  mouth, 
28  m.  N.  E.  Ostend.  Lon.  3°  35'  E.  Lat.  51°  27' 
N.  Pop.  5^700.  The  approach  to  the  harbour  is 
between  two  jetties,  which  break  the  action  of  the 
sea.  Inside  of  the  town  afe  two  basins^  one  o( 
such  size  and  depth  as  to  contain  a  fleet  of  men  of 
War.  Flushing  is  A  noted  resort  of  English  smiug* 
glera  both  in  peace  and  war. 


260 


F  O  L 


Flushing,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island, 
15  m.  E.  New  York.  Pop.  2,730.  The  village 
stands  on  a  bay  of  Long  Island  sound,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade.  Flushing  is  the  summer  resi- 
dence of  many  genteel  families  from  the  city  of 
New  York. 

Flushing,  t  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  W.  St. 
Clairsville.     Pop.  in  1819,  965. 

Fluvanna.     See  James  river. 

Fluvanna,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  Albemarle,  Lou- 
isa, and  Goochland  counties,  and  by  James  river, 
which  separates  it  from  Buckingham  co.  Pop. 
4,775.     Slaves,  2,142.      Chief  town,   Columbia. 

Fluvia,  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  Mediter- 
i-anean,  near  Ampurias.     Lat.  42°  10'  N. 

Fly  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  150°  20'  W. 
Lat.  16°  S. 

Fcca,  small  isl.  W.  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Calabar  river. 

Fochabers,  t.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  on  the  Spey,  9 
m.  E.  Elgin. 

Fo-chan,  t.  China,  near  Canton,  and  on  the 
banks  of  the  same  river,  at  the  head  of  the  tide. 

Fochea,  (an.  Phocea,)  s-p.  Asia  Minor,  in  Nato- 
lia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hermus,  in  the  gulf  of 
Smyrna,  28  ni.  N.  W.  Smyrna.  Lon.  26°  39'  E. 
Lat.  38°  44'  N. 

Foczani,  t.  En.  Turkey,  on  the  Milkow,  which 
divides  it  into  two  parts,  the  one  in  Walachia,  the 
other  in  Moldavia,  54  m.  W.  N.  W.  Galacz.  Lon 
270  13'E.  Lat.  44°  42' N. 

Foeldwar,  t.  Hungarv,  on  the  Danube,  opposite 
Colocza.  Pop.  2,500."  Lon.  18°  26'  3"  E.  Lat. 
46^^  48'  25"  iV. 

Fogaras,  t.  Transylvania,  on  the  Aluta,  28  m. 
W.  Cronstadt,  Lon.  24°  29'  30"  E.  Lat.  45°  48' 
47"  N. 

Foggia,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  without  walls, 
citadel,  or  gates.  The  square  of  Fogjia,  and 
several  of  its  sli'eets,  are  undermined  with  vaults, 
where  corn  is  stored  and  preserved  from  year  to 
year.  42  m.  N.  E.  Benevento.  Lon.  15°  38'  E. 
Lat.  41°  25' N.     Pop.  17,000. 

Foggy,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  54°  54'  N. 

Foggy  Island,  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  56°  10'  N.  Lon.  202°  45'  E. 

Fohr,  small  isl.  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sleswick.  Pop.  5,600.  Lon.  8°  31'  E.  Lat.  54° 
44'  N. 

Foix,  t  France,  cap.  of  Arriege,  on  the  river 
Arriege,  34  m.  S.  Toulouse.     Pop.  3,600. 

Fo-kien,  province,  China,  bounded  N.  by  Tche- 
kiang,  E.  by  the  Chinese  sea,  S.  by  Quang-tong, 
and  VV.  by  Kiang-si.  Considerable  commerce  is 
carried  on  between  Fokien  and  Japan,  Formosa, 
the  Philippine  islands,  Java,  Cambodia,  and  Siam. 
Fou-tcheou  is  tlie  capital.     Pop.  15,000,000. 

Foldenjiord,  large  bay  of  Norway,  in  Nord- 
land. 

Foleshill,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  2  m.  N.  E.  Cov- 
entry.    Pop.  3,480. 

Foligno,  t.  Ecclesiastical  States,  10  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Spoleto,  15  S.  E.  Perugia.     Pop.  7,000. 

Folkingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  27  m.  S. 
Lincoln. 

Folkstone,  or  Folkestone,  i.  Eng.  in  Kent,  with  a 
?pacious  harbor.  The  sea  is  making  rapid  en- 
croachments here.  Pop.  3,697.  7  m.  S.  W.  Do- 
ver, 72  E.  S.  E.London. 

Folly  landing,  port  of  entry,  Va.  Amount  of 
shipping  in  1816, 3/147  tons. 


FOR 

Fan.     See  Bancock. 

Fondi,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro,  on  the 
Garigliano.  It  is  built  on  the  Via  Appia,  which 
remains  here  in  its  original  state.  Pop.  5,000.  40 
m.  W.  Capua,  56  E.  Rome. 

Fondo.     See  Castel-Pfund. 

Fond  du  Lac,  or  St.  Louis,  r.  N.  W.  Territory, 
which  falls  into  the  S.  W.  end  of  lake  Superior. 
It  affords  the  most  considerable  communication 
between  lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi. 

Fong-yang,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  first  rank, 
in  Kiang-nan,  on  a  mountain,  near  the  Yellow 
river,  340  m.  S.  Pekin.  Lon.  117°  E.  Lat.  32® 
52' N. 

Fonia,  kingdom,  of  W.  Africa,  on  the  Gambia. 

Fans,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  12  m.  S.  St.  Cere.  Lon. 
2°2'E.  Lat.  44°  40' N. 

Fonseca  Bay.     See  Amapalla. 

Fontainebleau,  t.  France,  42  m.  S.  S.  E.  Paris. 
Here  is  a  celebrated  royal  palace,  the  general 
autumnal  residence  of  the  kings  of  France.  In 
its  neighbourhood  is  a  forest  of  nearly  30,000 
acres.  Fontainebleau  has  given  name  to  several 
treaties.  Pop.  9,000.  Lon.  2°  41'  E.  Lat.  48® 
24' N. 

Fontaine  VEveque,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault, 
6  m.  W.  Charleroi,  25  E.  Mons.  Lon.  4°  21'  E. 
Lat.  50°  23'  N. 

Fontaine  Francaise,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Gray. 

Fontaine  More,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Aosta. 

Fontaine  de  Vaucluse,  v.  France,  15  m.  E.  Avig- 
non. 

Fontanella,  t.  Lombardy,  in  the  Bergamasco, 
on  the  Oglio  and  the  Pamenengo,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Crema.     Pop.  2,000. 

Fontarabia,  (an.  Ocaso,)  strong  t.  Spain,  in 
Guipuscoa,  on  the  frontiers  of  Frsnce.  It  is  one 
of  the  keys  of  the  kingdom,  and  is  situated  on  a 
small  peninsula,  on  the  Bidassoa,  15  m.  S.  S.  E, 
Bayoiine.     Lon.  1°  47'  W.  Lat.  43°  21'  N. 

Fontenay,  v.  France,  23  m.  S.  Auxerre. 

Fontenay  le  Comte,  t,  France,  on  the  Vendee, 
28  m.  N.  E.  La  Rochelle.  Lon.O°  50'  W.  Lat.  46° 
30' N. 

Fontenay,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  4  m.  S. 
E.  Tour  nay. 

Fonievrault,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  6 
m.  E.  Saumur. 

Fooladoo,  mountainous  district,  Africa,  near  the 
sources  of  the  Senegal,  between  Kaarta,  Konko- 
doo,  Jallonkadoo,  and  Manding. — See  Foulahs  and 
Foota  Jallo. 

Foota  Jallo,  country,  W.  Africa,  situated  about 
the  sources  of  the  Gambia,  the  Rio  Grande,  and 
the  Niger.  It  is  about  350  miles  from  E.  to  W. 
and  200  from  N.  to  S.  The  inhabitants  are  Fou- 
lahs. See  Foulahs.  The  principal  towns  are 
Teemboo  and  Laby. 

Foota  Torra,  country,  W.  Africa,  between  the 
higher  parts  of  the  Senegal  and  Gambia,  and  W. 
of  Bondou.     It  is  occupied  by  Foulahs. 

Forbes''  purchase,  a  tract  of  land  in  Florida,  in- 
cluding nearly  the  whole  of  the  country  between 
the  Apalachicola  and  the^Oke-lock-onne  rivers, 
and  extending  S.  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  It  com- 
prehends some  of  the  best  lands  in  Florida. 

Forbes'' s  Islands,  3  islands  off  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New  Holland.     Lat.  12°  25'  S. 

Forcado  Rio,  r.  W.  Africa,  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lat.  6°  N. 


Iff 


FOR 

Forcalquier,  t,  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  20  m.  S. 
W.  Sisteron,  34  N.  N.  Aix.  Lon.  5°  55'  E.  Lat. 
43058' N. 

Forcheim,  t.  Franconia,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Wiesent  and  Regnitz,  14  m.  S.  Bamberg,  21  N. 
Nuremberg.     Pop.  2,300. 

Ford,  V.  Scotland,  10  m.  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Fords,  p-t.  Amite  co.  Mississippi. 

Fords,  t.  and  cap.  Marion  co.  Mississippi,  on 
Pearl  river. 

Fordingbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Southampton,  on  the 
Avon,  12  m.  S.  Salisbury.     Pop.  2,259. 

Fordon,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  tlie  Vistula,  7  m. 
E.  by  N.  Bromberg. 

Fordwich,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  Stour,  which 
is  navigable  by  small  vessels.  4  m.  N.  E.  Canter- 
bury, 58  E.  London. 

ForelaTid,  North,  cape,  Eng.  forming  the  N.  E. 
extremity  of  Kent.  Here  is  a  light-house.  Lon. 
1°  29'  E.  Lat.  51°  25'  N. 

Foreland,  South,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Kent,  between  Dover  and  Deal.  Lon.  1°  25'  E. 
Lat.  51°  12'  N. 

Forelands,  West,  North,  and  East,  3  points,  in 
Cook's  inlet,  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lat.  61° 
4'N. 

Foreland,  South,  formerly  called  Point  Pelee, 
Up.  Canada,  a  point  of  land,  extending  into  lake 
Erie,  in  Essex  co.  On  the  E.  side  is  a  good  har- 
bor. 

Forest,  isl.  Up.  Canada,  at  the  mouth  of  lake 
Ontario,  separated  by  a  narrow  channel  from 
Grand  island,  9  m.  S.  Fort  Frontinac. 

Forest,  {Black,)  or  Schwartz-wald,  large  forest, 
in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Germany.  It  is  a  mountain- 
ous tract,  and  runs  from  N.  to  S.  along  the  right 
side  of  the  Rhine,  principally  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden. 

Foresterton,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  15  m.  E. 
Philadelphia,  US.  Burlington. 

Forest  Towns,  The,  4  towns,  in  the  Black  For- 
est, in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.  They  are 
Rheinfelden,  Seckingen,  Lauffenburg,  and  Wald- 
shut. 

Forests,  Departments  of  the,  the  name  until  1014 
of  a  department  of  the  French  empire.  It  now 
'  rms  the  chief  part  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Lux- 
burg,  in  Netherlands. 

Forester''s  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  15  m.  from  the 
coast  of  Prince  of  Wales's  Archipelago.  Lon. 
226°  38'  E.  Lat.  54°  50'  N. 

Foret,  Baye  de,  bav,  on  the  W.  coast  of  France. 
Lon.  3°  53'  W.  Lat.  47°  53' N. 

Forfar,  or  Angus,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by 
Aberdeen  and  Kincardine,  E.  by  the  German 
ocean,  S.  by  the  frith  of  Tay,  and  W.  by  Perth  co. 
It  contains  977  sq.  miles,  or  625,901  acres.  The 
principal  manufacture  is  linen,  of  which  nearly 
1 1 ,000,000  yards  are  annually  exported.  Grain, 
fisli,  and  linen,  are  the  chief  exports.  Pop.  in 
1811,  107,578;  families,  24,750,  of  which  num- 
ber 4,980  were  engaged  in  agriculture,  and  13,616 
in  manufactures  and  trade. 

Forfar,  t.  Scotland,  cap.  of  Forfar  co.  It  is  a 
royal  borough.  Pop.  4,151.  14  m.  N.  Dundee, 
54  N.  Edinburgh. 

Forges  les  Eaux,  t.  Normandy,  8  m.  E.  Rouen. 
Lon.  1°  30'  E.  Lat.  49°  38'  N. 

Forio,  t.  Naples,  in  the  island  of  Ischia.  Pop. 
7,300. 

Fork,  p-v.  Richland  co.  S.  C. 

Forked-deer,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  between  Obrian  and  Hatchy  rivers. 


FOR 


261 


Fork  Shoals,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 

Forli,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedom,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Ronco  and  the  Montone.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  and  is  surrounded  by  walls.  It 
was  entered  in  1797  by  the  French.  14  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Ravenna,  33  S.  E.  Bologna.  Lon.  12°  1'  E. 
Lat.  440  13'  N.     Pop.  15,520. 

Forlimpopoli,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedom,  in  Ro- 
magna,  between  Forli  and  Cesena,  3  m.  N.  Ber- 
tinero.     Pop.  5,800. 

Formby,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  fr.  Liver- 
pool. 

Formentera,  (?in.  Pithyusa  Minor,)  the  second 
of  the  Pithyusa  islands,  separated  from  Ivica,  by 
a  channel  4  miles  wide.  It  belongs  to  Spain.  Lon. 
1°  23'  20"  E.  Lat.  38°  37'  6"  N. 

Formenton,  Cape,  the  N,  E.  point  of  Majorca. 
Lon.  3°  13'  E.  Lat.  39°  57'  N. 

Formery,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  24  m.  N.  W.  Beau- 
vais. 

Formiche,  small  islands  in  the  Tuscan  sea.  Lon. 
10°  25'  E.  Lat.  42°  40'  N. 

Formigny,  t.  France,  25  m.  N.  W.  Caen. 

Formosa,  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
2°  45'  S. 

Formosa,  Cape,  Malacca,  30  m.  S.  E.  Malacca. 

Formosa,  Rio,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  Benin.  According  to  Rechard's  theory, 
it  is  the  termination  of  the  Niger.  Lon.  4°  20'  E. 
Lat.  5°  40'  N. 

Formosa,  called  also  Warang,  isl.  W.  Africa,  in 
the  Archipelago  of  the  Bissagos,  30  miles  long,  18 
broad.  It  is  fertile,  but  wants  water.  Lon.  16® 
10' W.  Lat.  11°  30' N. 

Formosa,  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  separated  from 
Fo-kien,  in  China,  by  a  strait  about  60  miles 
wide.  It  is  240  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  60 
broad,  in  the  widest  part.  The  air  is  pure  and 
wholesome,  and  the  soil  fertile,  producing  corn, 
rice,  tobacco,  sugar,  pepper,  &c.  Lon.  120°  to 
122°  E.  Lat.  22°  5'  to  2-5°  20'  N. 

Foronovo,  v.  Parma,  on  the  Taro,  8  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Parma. 

Forres,  t.  Scotland,  in  Moray  co.  It  is  a  royal 
borough.  Pop.  2,925.  12  m.  W.  Elgin,  212  N. 
Edinburgh. 

Forsta,  t.  Lower  Lusatia,  on  the  Neisse,  54  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Dresden. 

Forsters  Harbor,  bay,  in  Pludson's  strait.  Lon. 
730  30' W.  Lat.  62°  18' N. 

Fort  Adams.     See  Loftus  heights. 

Fort  Amanda,  fort,  Allen  co.  Ohio,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Auglaize,  49  m.  N.  E.  Greenville,  129  N. 
Cincinnati. 

Fort  Anne,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake 
George,  10  m.  N.  Sandyhill,  60  N.  Albany.  Pop. 
3, 100.  The  village  is  on  Wood  creek,  at  the  head 
of  navigation,  and  contains  about  40  houses.  At 
this  spot,  stood  Fort  Ann,  often  mentioned  in  the 
history  of  American  Wars. 

Fort  Armstrong,  military  post,  U.  S.  on  Rock 
island,  at  the  foot  of  rapids,  in  the  Mississippi, 
2  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Rock  river,  400 
m.  above  St.  Louis.  In  its  neighbourhood  are 
a  large  body  of  Indians,  of  the  Sack  and  Fox 
tribes,  who  are  warlike,  and  well  furnished  with 
horses  and  fire-arms. 

'Fort  Augustus,  fort,  Scotland,  in  Inverness,  at 
the.extremity  of  Lochness ;  now  dismantled.  32 
m.  S.  W.  Inverness,  144  N.  Edinburgh. 

Fort  Brown,  fort,  Paulding  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  S. 
Fort  Defiance. 

Fort  Carlos,  fort,  on  an  island  between  the  gulf 


262 


FOR 


F  O  H 


of  Venezuela,  and  lake  Maracaybo,  20  m.  ]N. 
Maracaybo. 

Fort  Charlotte.     See  Lerwick. 

Fort  Chippewyan,  N.  A.  on  Athapescow  lake. 
Lon.  110°  W.  Lat.  58°N, 

Fort  Churchill,  fort,  and  settlement,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  95°  W.  Lat.  58^  50'  N. 

Fort  Clairbornc,  p-t.  Monroe  co.  Alabama,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Alabama,  at  the  head  of  schoon- 
er navigation,  60  m.  above  its  junction  with  tlie 
Tombigbee,  25  E.  St.  Stephens. 

Fort  Clarke,  fort,  Illinois,  on  the  W.  side  of  Illi- 
nois river.     Lat.  40°  40'  N. 

Fort  Covington,  p-t  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on  St. 
Lawrence  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  creek, 
235  m.  N.  Albany.  The  village  of  French  mills 
stands  on  the  creek,  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

Fort  Cranford.     See  Prairie  du  Chien. 

Fort  Crevecoeur,  fort,  on  the  coast  of  Florida. 
Lon.  85°  30'  W.  Lat.  29°  51'  N. 

Fort  Culonge,  fort.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  Ot- 
tawa river,  170  m.  W.  Montreal. 

Fort  Dauphin,  fort,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar.   Lon.  47°  E.  Lat.  25°  S. 

Fort  Dearborn,  military  post  of  the  U.  S.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Chicago  river,  i  a  mile  from  its  en- 
trance into  lake  Michigan,  20  m.  from  the  S.  end 
of  the  lake,  220  from  Fort  Howard.  Lat.  41° 
53'  11"  N.  It  is  on  a  tract  of  land,  6  miles  square, 
relinquished  by  the  Pottawattamy  Indians  to  the 
U.  S.  Besides  the  garrison  and  other  persons  in  the 
employment  of  the  Government,  there  are  here  a 
few  families  of  French,  intennarried  with  Indians. 

Fort  Defiance,  fort,  Williams  co.  Ohio,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Auglaize  and  Maumee  rivers,  50 
m.  S.  W.  Fort  Meigs,  16  N.  Fort  Brown. 

Fort  Defiance,  p-v.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C. 

Fort  Dummer.    See  Hinsdale. 

Fort  Edxrard,  p-v.  in  Argyle,  Washington  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  near  the  great  bend,  16  m. 
from  lake  George,  22  from  lake  Champlain,  50 
m.  N.  Albany.  It  is  the  depot  for  the  lumber 
which  is  rafted  down  the  river.  The  New  York 
Northern  canal  from  lake  Champlain,  opens  into 
the  Hudson  at  this  place,  through  a  lock. — The 
fort  is  now  demolished.  In  the  American  wars,  it 
was  an  important  military  station,  controlling  the 
communication  between  the  Hudson,  lake  Cham- 
plain, and  lake  George. 

Fort  Erie.     See  Erie. 

Fort  Ferret,  fort,  Ohio,  on  Sandusky  ri%'er,  40 
m.  S.  Fort  Stephenson. 

Fort  de  Fuentes,  fort,  Italy,  at  the  point  where 
the  Adda  enters  the  lake  of  Como. 

Fort  Gaines,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  E.  side  of  Chata- 
hoochee  river,  between  lat.  31°  and  32°  N. 

Fort  George,  fort,  Scotland,  in  Inverness,  on  the 
S.  side  of  Moray  frith,  12  m.  N.  E.  Inverness,  165 
N.  Edinburgh.    Lat  57°  32'  N. 

Fort  George,  v.  and  fort,  in  Newark,  Lincoln 
CO.  Up.  Canada,  on  Niagara  river,  ^  a  mile  from 
its  mouth.  The  village  contained,  before  the  late 
war,  a  council-house,  court-house,  and  jail,  and 
2  churches.  The  bank  of  the  river,  at  the  site  of 
the  fort,  is  34  feet  high. 

Fort  George,  v.  in  Caldwell,  Warren  co.  N.  Y. 
at  the  S.  end  of  lake  George,  59  m.  N.  Albany. 
The  ruins  of  the  old  fort  are  still  to  be  seen.  It 
was  built  of  stone,  and  stood  near  Fort  Wil- 
liam-Henry. 

Fort  Gratiot,  military  post,  Michigan  territory, 
on  St.  Clair  river,  which  defends  the  entrance 
into  lake  Huron.    It  stands  a  little  below  the 


mouth  of  the  lake.  Opposite  the  fort,  and  for  a 
mile  below,  there  is  a  strong  current  in  the  river. 

Fort  Harmar.     See  Marietta. 

Fort  Harrison,  p-t  and  cap.  Sullivan  co.  In- 
diana, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  65  m.  above 
Vincemies. 

Fort  Hawkins,  p-t.  Jones  co.  Geo.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Oakmulgee  river,  30  m.  W.  Milledge- 
ville. 

Fort  Howard,  a  military  post  of  the  U.  S.  in 
Green  bay  settlement,  Michigan  Territory,  at  the 
mouth  of  Fox  river,  184  m.  S.  W.  Mackinaw,  220 
N.  Chicago,  386  by  Fox  and  Ouisconsin  rivers  to 
Prairie  du  Chien.  The  present  fort  is  on  a  low 
sandy  spot,  on  the  N.  side  of  Fox  river,  i  a  mile 
from  its  mouth ;  but  a  new  stone  fort  is  now  con- 
structing, on  a  beautiful  rising  ground,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  ri^  sr,  3  miles  above  the  old  fort.  The 
number  of  the  garrison  is  600. 

Fort  Independence,  fort,  on  Castle  island,  in 
Boston  harbor. 

Fort  Jackson,  p-t.  Monroe  co.  Alabama,  in  the 
forks  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  rivers. 

Fort  James,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Alatamaha. 

Fort  Jefferson,  v.  Dark  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  S.  Green- 
ville. 

Fort  Jennings,  fort,  Ohio,  18  m.  S.  Fort  A- 
manda. 

Fort  Knox,  fort,  Indiana,  on  White  river.- 

Fort  Lawrence,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Flint  river,  31  m.  S.  W.  Fort  Hawkins. 

Fort  Ligonier,  fort.  Pa.  50  m.  E.  Pittsburg. 

Fort  Loramie,  fort,  Ohio,  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Great  Miami. 

Fort  Louis,  or  Fort  Vauhan,  an  important  bar- 
rier fortress  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  France,  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  Rhine,  12  m.  E.  Haguenau, 
18  N.  N.  E.  Strasburg. 

Fort  Macarthur,  fort,  Logan  co.  Ohio,  24  m.  N. 
Urbanna. 

Fort  Mackintosh,  fort,  Pa.  on  the  Ohio,  25  m.  N. 
W.  Pittsburgh. 

Fort  Maiden.     See  Amherstburg. 

Fort  Massac,  fort,  Randolph  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Ohio,  38  m.  fr.  the  Mississippi. 

Fort  Meigs,  p-t.  Wood  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S.  E. 
bank  of  the  Maumee,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth, 
70  m.  S.  Detroit,  36  N.  W.  Fort  Stephenson.  In 
1813,  the  British  and  Indians  laid  siege  to  this 
fort,  but  were  obliged  to  abandon  it. 

Fort  Miller,  p-v.  in  Argyle,  Washington  co.  N. 
Y.  on  the  Hudson. 

Fort  Mitchell.     Sec  Coweta. 

Fort  Montgomery,  p-t  Clarke  co.  Alabama,  12 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Fort  Stoddert. 

Fort  Moose,  fort,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  James 
bay,  in  Hudson's  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Moose 
river. 

Fort  Pickering,  fort,  Tennessee,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, at  Chickasaw  bluff. 

Fort  Portage,  fort.  Upper  Canada,  on  the  Otta- 
wa river,  120  m.  W.  Montreal. 

Fort  Portage,  Ohio,  18  m.  S.  Fort  Meigs. 

Fort  Recover  I/,  Ohio,  on  a  branch  of  the  Wa- 
bash, 23  m.  N.  Greenville. 

Fort  Royal,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Martinioo 
island.  Lon.  61°  W.  Lat  14°  34'  N.  Pop.  about 
10,000. 

Fort  Royal,  fort,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Martinico 
island. 

Fort  St.  Clair,  Preble  co.  Ohio,  |  of  a  mile  fr 
Eaton. 


F  O  S 


F  O  U 


263 


Fort  St.  David,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  the  Car- 
natic,  the  emporium  of  the  country  for  fine  dimi- 
ties and  printed  cottons.  15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pondi- 
cherry,  100  S.  S.  W.  Madras.  Lon.  79°  57'  E. 
Lat.  ll°46'N. 

Fort  St,  George.     See  Madras. 

Fort  St.  Jvan,  fort,  New  Mexico,  in  New  Leon, 
on  the  del  Norte.     Lon.  101°  W.  Lat.  29°  N. 

Fort  St.  Julian,  fort,  Portugal,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Tagus,  9  m.  below  Lisbon. 

Fort  St.  Mary,  Allen  co.  Ohio,  on  St.  Mary's 
river,  12  m.  S.  Fort  Amanda. 

Fort  St.  Mary^s,  fort,  Louisiana,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  6  m.  S.  E.  New  Orleans. 

Fort  St.  Philip,  p-t.  and  fort,  Placquemine  co. 
Louisiana,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the 
Placquemine  bend,  30  m.  above  the  Balize. 

Fort  St.  Stephens,     See  St.  Stephens. 

Fort  Seneca,  Seneca  co.  Ohio,  on  Sandusky 
river,  18  ra.  fr.  its  mouth. 

Fort  Stanwix.     See  Rome. 

Fort  Stephenson,  fort,  Ohio,  on  the  W.  side  of 
S^dusky  river,  18  m.  fr.  its  mouth. 

Fort  Stodderi,  p-t.  and  cap.  Baldwin  co.  Alaba- 
ma, on  the  W.  side  of  Mobile  river,  at  the  head  of 
sloop  navigation,  44  ra.  above  its  mouth.  The  set- 
tlements around  it  are  numerous  and  wealthy. 

Fort  Strotlier,  Alabama,  on  the  W.  side  of  Coo- 
sa river,  60  m.  above  Fort  Williams,  107  above 
Fort  Jackson. 

Fort  Victoria.     See  Bancot. 

Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  at  the  junction  of  St. 
IVIary's  river  with  the  Maumee,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  St.  Josephs. 

Fort  William,  fort,  Scotland,  in  Inverness,  at 
the  E.  extremity  of  Loch  Linnhe ;  now  disman- 
tled. 39  m.  N.  W.  Tyndrum,  128  N.  W.  Edin- 
burgh. 

Fort  William.     See  Calcutta. 

Fort  Williams,  Alabama,  on  the  E.  side  of  tlie 
Coosa,  57  m.  above  the  junction  of  the  Talla- 
poosa. 

Fortescue  Bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon. 
73°22'W.  Lat.  53°  39' S. 

Fortcssa,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Lon.  14° 
48'  S.  Lat.  44°  40'  N. 

Fartcventura,  or  Fuerteventura,  one  of  the  Ca- 
nary islands,  50  miles  long,  and  24  broad.  It  con- 
tains large  sandy  plains,  similar  to  those  in  the 
neighbouring  part  of  the  African  continent.  In 
those  spots  which  are  well  watered,  vegetation  is 
most  luxuriant,andcorn  is  produced  in  abundance. 
Pop.  about  9,000.    lon.  14°  W.  Lat.  28°  S. 

Forth,  r.  Scotland,  and  the  largest  in  Great 
Britain,  rises  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Stirlingshire, 
and  runs  into  the  German  ocean,  by  a  broad 
mouth,  called  the  Frith  of  Forth,  about  20  m.  be- 
low Edinburgh.  The  tide  flows  up  between  70 
and  80  miles,  and  it  is  connected  by  a  navigable 
canal  with  the  Clyde. 

Fortified  Island,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  off  the 
coast  ol'  Canara.     Lon.  74°  27'  E.  Lat.  14°  16'  N. 

Fortrose,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ross  co.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Moray  frith,  10  m.  N.  E.  Inverness,  167  N. 
Edinburgh.     Lon.  4°  5'  W.  Lat.  57°  34'  N. 

Fortune,  bay,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Newfound- 
land. 

Foma,  La,  t.  Sicily,  3  m.  S.  Messina. 

Fos  diNovo,  t,  Sardinian  states,  55  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Genoa. 

Fossa  JVuova,  v.  Italy,  on  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient .^ppii  Forum,  2  m.  S.  Piperno. 

Fossano,  i.  Piedmont,  on  the  Stura,  and  on  a 


canal  which  unites  that  river  with  the  Po.     Pop. 
14,000.     10  m.  N.  E.  Coni,  25  S.  Turin. 

Fossato,  t.  Italy,  55  m.  W.  Ancona. 

Fosse  au  Mortier,  lake  of  France,  11  m.  from 
Mezieres. 

Fosses,  t.  Netherlands,  7  m.  S.  W.  Namur. 

Fossombrone,  (an.  Forum  Sempronii,')  t.  Italy, 
in  Urbino,  110  m.  N.  Rome.     Pop.  3,500. 

Foster,  p-t.  Providence  co.  R.  1. 15  m.  W,  Prov- 
idence. Pop.  2,613.  It  is  watered  by  several 
streams,  and  has  numerous  sites  for  mills  and  man- 
ufactories. 

Fostersferry,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Fotheringay,  v.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  on 
the  Nen,  10  m.  fr.  Stamford. 

Fotheringay,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 

Foucault,  seigniory,  Bedibrd  co.  Lower  Canada,, 
on  Misisque  bay. 

Fougeray,  t.  France,  21  m.  N.  E,  Redon.  Pop. 
4,200. 

Fougeres,  t.  France,  on  the  Couesnow,  25  m.  S; 
E.  Avranches,  28  N.  E.  Rennes.     Pop.  7,300. 
^      Fougerolles,  t.   France,  in  Mayenne,  17  m.  N 
W.  Mayenne. 

Fouin,  territory,  W.  Africa,  N.  of  Ardrah. 

Foul  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  113° 
45'  E.  Lat.  8°  38'  S. 

Foulkstown,  p-t.  (>olumbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Foul  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Guin- 
ea.    Lon.  132°  36'  E.  Lat.  0°  46'  S. 

Foula,  one  of  the  Shetland  inlands,  supposed  to 
be  the  Ultima  Thule  of  the  ancients,  16  m.  from 
Mainland.     Lat.  60°  6'  N. 

Foulahs,  a  race  of  negroes,  very  widely  diffused 
throughout  W.  Africa.  Their  most  powerful 
kingdom  is  Foota  Jallo,  south  of  the  Gambia ;  they 
possess  also  Fooladoo,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Senegal ;  Bondou  and  Foota  Torra,  between  the 
Senegal  and  Gambia;  the  kingdom  of  the  Seratic, 
on  the  lower  part  of  the  Senegal ;  Masina,  on  the 
Niger,  between  Bambarra  and  Tombuctoo ;  and 
Wassela,  S.  of  the  upper  part  of  the  Niger.  Be- 
sides these  kingdoms,  in  which  they  hold  the  en- 
tire sovereignty,  detached  districts  of  all  the  king- 
doms in  this  part  of  Africa,  are  occupied  by  Fou- 
lahs, who  pay  to  the  sovereign  a  rent  or  tax  for 
the  use  of  the  land.  The  Foulahs  are  of  a  grace- 
ful and  manly  form,  and  of  a  peculiarly  polished 
and  insinuating  air.  They  are  Mahometans,  but 
do  not  observe  the  rules  of  that  religion  with 
strictness.  The  employment  is  chiefly  pasturage. 
They  are  celebrated  for  the  mildness  and  gentle- 
ness of  their  demeanour ;  so  that  in  many  parts  ot 
A  frica,  it  is  considered  infamous  to  injure  a  Fou- 
lah.  They  are  hospitable,  humane,  and  indus- 
trious. 

Foulis,  Wester,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire. 

Foulness,  isl.  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  Essex,  5  ni, 
from  Rochfort. 

Foulsham,  v.  Eng.  1 1  m.  N.  Dereham. 

Fouhveather,  Cape,  cape,  N.  VV,  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  236°  4'  W.  Lat.  44°  49'  N. 

Fouras,  t.  France,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cha- 
rente,  1 1  m.  S.  la  Rochelle. 

Fourche  a  Cado,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  a 
branch  of  Wachitta  river.  It  contains  about  75 
families.  Here  is  a  saline,  from  which  the  settle- 
ments south  of  Arkansaw  river  are  supplied  with 
salt. 

Fourcorners,  p-v.  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

Fourcomers,  p-v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  from 
Rotterdam. 


264 


FOX 


F  R  A 


Fourcroy'^s  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  S.  W.  coa^t 
of  New  Holland.     Lon.  137°  E.     Lat.  36°  26'  S. 

Foure,  or  Fore,  v.  Ireland,  in  Westmeath,  40 
m.  N.  W.  Dublin. 

Fourmetilieres,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  3  m.  N. 
E.  Chateau  Gontier. 

Fourmile  branch,  p-v.  Barnwell  co.  S.  C. 

Foiimis,  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Archipelago, 
between  Samos  and  Nicaria. 

Foumoyer,  fief,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  St.  La^vrence,  32  m.  E.  Quebec. 

Fourqne,  t.  Macedon,  9  m.  N.  Cassandra,  56  S. 
S.  E.  Saloniki. 

Fmisserat,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  6  m. 
W,  Rieux,  27  S.  W.  Toulouse. 

Fowey,  s-p.  Eng;.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Fowey.  The  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure. 
Pop.  1,319.  22  m.  E.  N.  E.  Truro,  59  S.  W.  Ex- 
eter, 239  W.  S.  W.  London. 

Fowey,  or  Foway,  r.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  which 
rises  about  4  miles  S.  E.  Camelford,  and  runs  into 
the  English  channel,  a  little  below  the  town  of 
Fowey. 

Fouler,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

Fowler,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E. 
Warren. 

Foivler''s  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land, in  lon.  132°  27'  E.  lat.  32°  1'  S. 

Foxborough,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m.  S.  W. 
Dedham,  26  S.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  870. 

Fox,  Cape,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  54°  45'  N. 

Fox  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  Schoharie 
creek,  at  Schoharie. 

Foxcroft,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  W. 
Bangor. 

Fox  islands,  2  islands  in  lake  Michigan,  57  m. 
S.  W.  Mackinaw. 

Fox  Islands.     See  Aleutian  Islands. 

Fox  Islands,  small  islands  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  59°  10'  W.  Lat. 
51°  N. 

Fox  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  9  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cape  Rosieres. 

Fox  river,  Illinois.     See  Dupage. 

Fox  river,  Illinois,  falls  into  the  Wabash,  15  m. 
above  its  mouth. 

Fox  river,  a  large  river,  which  falls  into  the  S. 
W.  end  of  Green  Bay,  in  Michigan  Territory. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  routes  of  communication  be- 
tween the  Lakes  and  the  river  Mississippi.  From 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  for  about  20  miles,  there 
are  some  obstructions  in  the  navigation,  but  boats 
surmount  these,  and  ascend  to  the  portage,  1 80 
miles.  The  portage  between  Fox  and  Ouisconsin 
rivers  is  1 J  miles,  over  a  level  prairie,  which  is 
sometimes  inundated,  and  passed  in  boats.  Fox 
liver,  in  its  course,  expands  into  many  large 
lakes ;  see  Winnebago.  In  some  of  these  lakes, 
avid  in  many  parts  of  the  channel  of  the  river, 
wild  rice  abounds.  Several  villages  of  the  Win- 
nebago Indians  are  scattered  along  the  banks  of 
the  river.  Devil's  river  enters  Fox  river,  at  the 
bottom  of  Ox  lake,  about  50  miles  below  the  port- 
age. As  soon  as  the  Indian  approaches,  in  his  ca- 
noe, within  sight  of  this  river,  he  drops  his  paddle 
and  commences  speaking  till  he  is  opposite  the  en- 
trance, when  he  strews  the  water  with  tobacco, 
leathers,  and  painted  hair ;  then  chauuts  a  hymn, 
and  resumes  his  voyage.  The  mouth  of  the  river 
is  400  yards  wide,  and  3  fathoms  deep.  Here  is 
a  fort,  (see  Fori  Howard ;)  and  a  settlement  of 
whites,  (see  Green  Bay.)    The  N.  fork  of  Fox 


viver,  and  aiiio  the  du  Loup,  one  oi  its  nortncri. 
branches,  are  said  to  be  connected  by  short  porta- 
ges, with  the  rivers  of  lake  Superior. 

Foxford,  t.  Ireland,  in  Mayo,  on  tlie  Moy,  12  m. 
fr.  Castlebar. 

Foyers.     See  Fyers. 

Foyle,  r.  Ireland,  which,  after  passing  London- 
derry, expands  into  a  fine  spacious  bay  called 
Lough  Foyle. 

Foz,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Zatas  and  the  Tagus,  24  m.  N.  E.  Lisbon. 

Fraga,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Cinca,  53 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Saragossa,  30  S.  Balbastro. 

Fragola,  t.  Italy,  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Naples.  Pop. 
12,700. 

Frails,  rocks,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Carnsore  point,  Lon.  6°  34'  W.  Lat, 
52°  6' N. 

Framingham,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22  ra.  W. 
S.  W.Boston.     Pop.  1,670. 

Framlingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Ipswich. 

Frampton,  t.  Dorchester  and  Hertford  counties, 
Lower  Canada,  on  Chaudiere  river,  40  m.  S. 
Quebec. 

Franr.aise,  La,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne, 
11  ra.  N.  by  W.  Montauban. 

Francarilla,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  15  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Tarento,  20  W.  Brindisi.     Pop.  1 1,000. 

FrancaviUa,  t.  Sicily,  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Taor- 
mina. 

France,  country,  Europe,  bounded  N.  W.  by 
the  English  channel ;  N.  E.  by  the  Netherlands; 
E.  by  Germany  and  Switzerland ;  S.  E.  by  Italy ; 
S.  by  the  Mediterranean  and  Spain ;  and  W.  by 
the  bay  of  Biscay.  It  lies  between  43°  and  51° 
N.  lat.  and  is  particularly  fortunate  in  its  frontier, 
having  strong  natural  barriers  in  the  Pyrenees, 
the  Alps,  the  ridge  of  Jura,  and  the  Vosges  ;  it  is 
open  only  on  the  side  of  the  Netherlands.  Its 
length,  from  E.  to  W.  is  650  miles ;  its  breadth, 
from  N.  to  S.  about  560 ;  its  superficial  extent 
about  200,000  sq.  miles,  or  128,000,000  acres. 

Before  the  revolution,  France  was  divided  into 
32  provinces.  Different  provinces  had  different 
rates  of  taxation,  and  custom-houses  were  erect- 
ed along  the  frontier  roads,  as  if  they  had  been 
distinct  governments.  All  these  are  now  done 
away,  local  privileges  are  abrogated,  taxes  equal- 
ized, and  the  whole  country  divided  into  depart- 
ments, with  similar  rights  and  privileges.  Each 
department  is  divided  into  arrondissements,  each 
arrondissement  into  cantons,  and  each  canton  into 
communes.  The  number  of  departments  (inclu- 
ding Corsica)  is  86,  of  arrondissements,  368,  of 
cantons,  2,669,  of  communes,  38,990.  The  for- 
eign possessions  of  France  are,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
Martinique,  Guadaloupe,  and  Cayenne ;  in  Afri- 
ca, Goree,  and  the  factories  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Senegal ;  in  the  Indian  ocean,  the  isle  of  Bourbon  ; 
on  the  mainland  of  India,  Pondicherry  and  some 
smaller  factories. 

In  regard  to  climate  and  soil,  France,  though 
on  the  whole  a  favoured  country,  labours  under 
many  inequalities.  The  principal  productions  in 
the  north  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  pulse,  and  pota- 
toes ;  in  the  south,  corn,  particularly  maize,  also 
vines,  mulberries,  and  olives.  The  annual  pro- 
duce of  the  iron  mines  is  computed  at  200,000 
tons  a  year.  Coal  mines  are  not  wanting,  but  the 
common  fuel  is  wood.  Notwithstanding  the  wars 
and  civil  troubles  of  the  revolution,  the  popula- 
tion has  been  in  a  state  of  progressive  increase  • 


F  R  A 

in  1789,  France  contained  26,300,000  inhab- 
itants; in  1805,27,700,000;  and  in  1817,  above 
29,000,000. 

The  constitution  of  France,  since  1814,  resem- 
bles in  its  forms  that  of  Britain,  the  king  being  a 
limited  monarch,  and  infallible  in  the  eye  of  the 
law,  the  responsibility  for  public  measures  resting 
with  his  ministers.  The  royal  title  is  king  of 
France  and  Navarre ;  and  females  are  still  exclu- 
ded from  the  succession  to  the  crown.  The 
French  cabinet  consists  of  the  keeper  of  the  seals, 
the  ministers  of  foreign  affairs,  of  finance,  of  po- 
lice, of  war,  of  the  navy  and  colonies,  of  the 
home  department,  and  the  head  of  the  king's 
household.  I'he  royal  prerogative  is  nearly  the 
same  as  in  England  ;  but  in  France,  the  king  ex- 
clusively has  the  right  of  bringing  in  bills  in  par- 
liament. The  chamber  of  peers  comprises  above 
200  members,  who  possess  privileges  similar  to 
those  of  the  peerage  in  England ;  their  number  is 
unlimited:  the  grant  of  titles  is  vested  in  the 
king;  the  dignity  hereditary.  No  clerical  digni- 
taries have  seats  in  the  legislature.  The  house  of 
commons,  or  chamber  of  deputies,  are  elected  by 
the  people :  the  number  returned  may  in  some 
measure  be  altered  at  the  will  of  the  king ;  at 
present  it  is  only  256.  The  only  qualification  for 
a  voter  is  the  payment  of  12/.  of  annual  taxes. 
For  a  deputy,  the  requisites  are,  that  he  shall  be 
of  the  age  of  40,  and  pay  taxes  to  the  amount  of 
40/.  a  year.  One-fifth  oi"  the  chamber  of  depu- 
ties is  re-elected  annually,  the  whole  being  tlius 
changed  in  five  years.  There  is  considerable 
freedom  of  the  press  in  France,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  newspapers,  which  are  subjected 
to  the  previous  inspection  of  government  .offi- 
cers. 

The  French  funds  have  risen  very  considerably 
since  1815,  though  they  are  still  greatly  below 
the  price  of  stocks  in  England  and  Holland.  The 
national  debt  amounts,  after  completing  the  con- 
tributions to  the  allies,  to  nearly  200  millions 
sterling.  The  annual  expenditure  is  29,394,000/. ; 
of  which  sum  11,500,000  arc  on  account  of  the 
national    debt,    7,000,000    for    the    army,     and 

2,000,000    for    the     navy. The     revenue     is 

30,380,000/. ;  of  which  about  10,000,000  arises 
from  a  tax  on  houses  and  lands,  7,000,000  from  a 
tax  on  sales  of  lands  and  houses,  and  only 
1,600,000  from  customs. — The  following  compu- 
tation of  the  rent  of  land  and  houses  in  France, 
is  founded  on  an  official  report  made  to  the  French 
government  in  1817.  France  contains,  exclusive 
of  Corsica,  128,172,992  English  acres.  Of  these, 
the  following  are  liable  to  taxation : 

Re7its. 


F  R  A 


265 


Rents. 


Arable  land, 
Land  in  underwood, 
Meadow  land, 
Pasture  land,     - 
Vineyards,     - 
Land  in  orchards, 
Forest  land,* 


Eng.  acres. 
55^600^006 
12,656,790 
8,612,345 
8,703,703 
4,881,481 
886,419 
1,135,800 


L.  24,007,640 
2,938,520 
7,390,400 
1,812,800 
3,442,560 
1,071,480 
201,520 


Total  rent  of  land,  -  L.  40,864,920 
The  remainder  is  either  wholly  uncultivated,  or 
so  little  productive  as  not  to  be  subject  to  taxation. 
Buildings  liablr.  to  taxation.  Rtnts. 

Dwelling-houses,    small 
and  great,       -         -      5,431,000  L.20, 207,720 
lis,     .        .         ,  76,000  738,000 


300,360 


Buildings  liable  to  taxation. 
Manufacturing  establish- 
ments, -  -  35,000 
Churches  and  other  build- 
ings not  liable  to  taxa- 
tion, -  -  -  58,000 
The  French  army,  which  under  Bonaparte  was 
in  peace  above  400,000,  and  in  war  nearly  600,000 
effective  men,  is  now  on  a  very  different  footing : 
many  of  the  old  soldiers  perished  in  the  disastrous 
years  of  1812,  1813,  1814,  and  1815;  others  re- 
ceived their  discharge,  in  consequence  of  their 
attachment  to  their  late  commander;  and  consid- 
erable difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  carrying 
the  army  to  a  peace  establishment  of  120,000 
men.  The  total  military  force,  legions,  guards, 
and  artillery,  is  about  90,000  men.  The  navy 
consists  of  about  40  ships  of  the  line,  and  40  fri- 
gates. Brest  and  Toulon  are  the  great  naval 
ports,  but  Rochefort  is  likewise  a  station  of  conse- 
quence, as  is  also  Cherburg,  since  the  immense 
expenditure  on  its  basins  and  docks. 

The  inhabitants  of  France  are  Catholics,  with 
the  exception  of  from  two  to  three  millions  of 
Protestants,  and  about  60,000  Jews.  Before  the 
revolution,  there  were  18  archbishops,  and  112 
bishops:  these  were  subsequently  reduced  to  9 
archbishops,  and  4 1  bisliops.  It  is  now  in  contem- 
plation to  increase  their  number. — Before  the 
revolution,  tliere  were  in  France,  23  universities. 
The  present  plan  of  education  embraces  a  rfegular 
gradation  of  school'--,  from  universities  down  to 
primary  schools.  The  following  is  the  return 
made  in  1815,  of  the  public  seminaries  and  num- 
ber of  pupils  throughout  France : 

Seminaries.  Pupils. 
Universities,  -  -  -  -  26  6,329 
Lyc^es,  or  royal  colleges,  -  36        9,000 

Secondary  schools,  -  -         368       28,000 

Divinity  schools  of  the  2d  class,  41         5,233 

Boarding  schools,  -        -        1,255      39,623 

Primary  schools,        -        -  22,300    737,379 

Literary  associations  are  very  numerous  in 
France :  at  the  head  of  these  stands  the  institute 
at  Paris,  divided  since  1815  into  4  academies. 

The  chief  commercial  harbors  of  France  are 
Bourdeaux,  Marseilles,  Nantes,  Havre  de  Grace, 
St.  Maloes,  and  L'Orient.  Marseilles  trades 
partly  with  the  West  Indies,  more  with  the  Le- 
vant ;  Bourdeaux  with  the  East  and  West  Indie?, 
and  with  the  north  of  Europe,  to  a  great  extent  in 
wine.  Nantes  has  also  a  share  of  the  colonial  and 
wine  trade.  Havre  is  the  seaport  of  Paris^  The 
other  ports  are  inconsiderable. — In  manufactures, 
the  French  have  long  been  noted  for  the  dura- 
bility and  fineness  of  their  woollens :  linen  is  also 
a  staple  article,  particiilarly  in  the  north  of 
France.  In  hardware  they  are  greatly  deficient ; 
but  in  silk  they  support,  particularly  at  Lyons, 
their  former-  reputation.  The  cotton  manufac- 
tures are  of  late  introduction,  and  maintain  with 
difficulty  a  competition  with  England.  There  is 
very  httle  paper  mohey  in  France ;  almo'rt  all  bu- 
siness being  transacted  by  gold  and  silver. 

France,  Isle  of,  before  the  revolution,  a  province 
of  France.  It  comprised  Paris,  and  is  now  divi- 
ded into  the  departments  of  the  Aisne,  Ois  e,  Seine, 
Seine-and-Oise,  a  nd  Seine-and-Marne. 

France,  Isle  of.     See  Mauriliui. 

Frances,  QY  Port  Francis,  harbour.  Vpner.nplrt, 
near  Cape  Codera. 


34 


^06 


F  R  A 


Francesiown,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
Contoocook  river.  12  m.  N.  W.  Amherst,  20  S. 
W.  Concord,     Pop.  1,451. 

Franche  Comte,  or  Upper  Burgundy,  before  the 
revolution,  a  province  of  France,  adjacent  to 
Switzerland.  It  now  forms  the  three  departments 
of  the  Doubs,  Jura,  and  Upper  Saone.  Its  capital 
was  Besancon. 

Franchimont,  t.  Netherlands,  13  m.  S.  E.  Liege. 

Francis,  t.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Missouri. 

Francis,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A- 
merica.     Lai.  48°  44'  N. 

Francisco  Rio,  lai-ge  r.  Brazil,  which  rises  in 
Minas  Geraes.and  after  a  course  of  about  800  miles, 
falls  mto  tlie  Atlantic  in  lat.  6°  35'  S.  forming  the 
boundary  between  the  provinces  of  Bahia  and  Per- 
nambuco. 

Francois,  t.  Wa3nie  co.  Missouri. 

Francois,  Cape,  theN.  point  ofKerguelen's  land. 

Francois,  Cape,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Hispaniola.  It  is  at  the  edge  of  a  large  plain, 
60  miles  long  and  12  broad.  The  port  is  one  of 
the  mostsecure  and  convenient  in  the  wholeisland. 
It  was  the  last  town  retained  by  the  French  in  the 
island,  and  surrendered  to  the  blacks  in  1803. 
It  has  been  since  called  Cape  Henry.  Lon.  72° 
16'  W.  Lat.  19"  46'  \. 

Franconia,  one  of  the  10  circles  into  which  the 
German  empire  was  formerly  divided,  containing 
11,000  square  miles,  and  1,500,000  inhabitants. 
It  is  now  divided  between  Bararia,  Wirteraberg, 
Baden,  the  house  of  Hesse,  and  the  house  of  Saxe. 
Nuremberg  is  the  centre  of  its  manufactures  and 
its  principal  city. 

Franconia,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  14  m.  N.  E. 
Haverhill.  Pop.  348.  There  are  two  manufac- 
tures of  iron  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  this  town,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Ammonoosuck  river.  The  New- 
Hampshire  Iron-Factory  Company  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1805,  and  is  composed  principally  of  Bos- 
ton and  Salem  gentlemen.  Their  establishment 
is  very  extensive,  consisting  of  a  blast  furnace,  an 
air  lurnace,  a  steel  furnace,  a  forge  and  a  trip- 
hammer shop.  About  12  or  15  tons  of  iron  are 
made  in  a  week.  The  ore  is  obtained  from  a 
mountain  about  3  miles  from  the  furnace,  and  is 
considered  the  richest  in  the  United  States  ;  and 
the  mine  is  said  to  be  inexhaustible.  There  is 
also  a  large  bed  of  coal  belonging  to  the  company 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  works.  The  other 
factory  belonging  to  the  Haverhill  and  Franconia 
Company  is  not  so  extensive. 

Franconia,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  ^oQ. 

Franeourville,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Paris. 
•    Franeker,  i.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland.     Pop. 
3,900,     It  has  an  Athenaeum,  or  academy  for  the 
education  of  youth.      9  m.  W.  Leeuwarden,  5  E. 
Harlingen. 

Frankenber^,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Zschopau,  7  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Chemnitz,  9  W.  Freyberg.  Lon.  12'=' 
59'  E.  Lat.  50°  50'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Frankenherg,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the  Eder,  35 
m.  S.  VV.  Cassel. 

Frankenhausen,  t.  Geraiany,  in  Schwartzbui^- 
Rudolstadt,  26  m.  N.  Erfurt.  Lon.  11°  10'  t. 
Lat.  51°  16'  N, 

Frankenstein,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Bautza,  9  m.  W. 
Munsterburg.  Lon.  16°  42'  E.  Lat.  51°  25'  N. 
Pop.  4,150. 

FravkenthnI,  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine, 
12  m.  N.  W.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  3,500. 

Frankford,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  j.  bordering  on 
Newtown.    Pop.  1,637. 


F  R  A 

Frankford,  p-t.  Philadelphia  co.  Fa.  on  a  small 
creek,  which  runs  into  the  Delaware,  Ij  miles 
below;  5  m.  N.  E.  Philadelphia.  Pop.  1,233^  It 
coutams  2  churches,  1  Episcopal  and  1  Lutheran. 
The  Society  oi  Frjeiicis  have  established  iu  tnis 
town  their  Asylum  lor  the  Insane,  and  have  erec- 
ted a  spacious  and  commodious  building. 

Frankford,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on  a  creik 
which  runs  into  the  Potomac,  13  m.  N.  W .  Rom- 
ney,  4  S.  of  the  Potomac. 

Frankfort  on  the  jyJaine,  a  large  city  of  Germa- 
ny, and  now  the  permanent  seat  of  the  Germ  ii.ic 
diet,  is  on  both  sides  of  the  Maine,  20  m.  a'ro  'e  its 
influx  into  the  Rhine.  Pop.  41,300,  of  whom 
about  9,000  are  Jews.  The  Catholics  have  here 
9  churches,  the  Lutherans  7,  the  Calyinists  2. 
The  Jev/s  lived  formerly  in  a  quarter  blocked  up 
at  one  end  and  regularly  shut  at  night,  but  s:nce 
1796  they  are  at  liberty  to  live  in  other  parts  of 
the  town.  Franklbrt  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive 
printing  business ;  but  its  great  distinction  is  its 
commercial  activity,  aided  by  the  navig-Jition  of 
the  Rhine  and  Maine,  as  well  as  by  the  2great  fairs 
held  here  annually  in  springand  autumn.  :Frank- 
fort  has  long  been  a  free  city.  Its  constitution  is  a 
mixture  of  democracy  and  aristocracy,  affording 
a  perfect  equality  to  the  different  denominations 
of  Christians.  The  town  possesses  an  adjacent 
territory  of  1 10  square  miles,  with  a  population  of 
48,000;  its  yearly  revenue  is  80,000  Z.  sterling. 
20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mentz,  50  S.  E.  Cologne.  Lon.  8° 
36'  E.  Lat.  50°  T  N. 

Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  t.  Prussia,  cap.  of  thft 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  Pop.  12,000.  It 
has  a  university,  and  three  annual  fairs.  12  m.  S. 
S.  "Vy.  Custrin,  48  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14°  33'  E. 
Lat.  52^  22'  N. 

Frankfort,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Penobscot  river,  at  the  head  of  winter  nav- 
igation, 26  ra.  N.  Castine,  12  S.  Bangor.   Pop.  1,493. 

Frankfort,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mohawk 
river.     Pop.  1,304. 

Frankfort,  p-t  Franklin  co.  Ken.  and  cap.  of  the 
State,  is  regularly  laid  out  on  the  E.  side  of  Ken- 
tucky river,  60  miles  above  its  confluence  with 
the  Ohio,  22  m.  W.  N.  W.  Lexington,  51  E.  Louis- 
viUe,  102  S.  S.  VV.  Cincinnati.  Lon.  84°  40'  W. 
Lat.  38'^  15'  N.  It  contains  a  state-house,  86 
feet  by  54  ;  a  court-house,  a  penitentiary,  con- 
taining from  70  to  100  convicts  ;  a  jail,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  market-house,  a  theatre,  3  printing 
offices,  2  churches,  and  several  rope-walks,  and 
other  manufactories. 

The  site  of  the  town  is  a  semicircular  alluvial 
plain,  from  150  to  200  feet  lower  than  the  table 
land  in  its  rear.  The  river  is  here  about  80  yard? 
wide,  and  after  heavy  rains,  frequently  rises  60 
feet.  Opposite  Frankfort,  and  connected  with  it 
by  a  bridge,  is  South  Frankfort,  which  is  rapidly 
increasing.  Steam-boats  of  300  tons  come  up  the 
river  as  far  as  this  place,  when  the  water  is  high, 
and  most  of  the  foreign  goods  consumed  in  Ken- 
tucky are  landed  here,  or  at  Louisville.  Pop.  in 
1810,  1,099;  in  1819,  estimated  at  more  than 
2,000. 

Frankfort,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  E.  Cam- 
bridge. 

Frankland's  Islands,  off  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lat.  17°  12'  S. 

Franklin,  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Champlain,  bounded 
N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  Orleans  co.  S.  by  Chittenden 
CO.  and  W.  bv  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  16,427- 
Chief  town,  St'.'Mban?. 


F  R  A 

Franklin,  co.  Mass.  on  both  sides  of  Connecticut 
river,  bounded  N.  by  Vermont  and  New-Hamp- 
shire, E.  by  Worcester  co.  S.  by  HamiJsliire  co. 
and  VV.  by  Berkshire  co.  Fop.  27,201.  Chief 
4own,  Greenfield. 

Fra?i}:lin,  t  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  8  m.  S.  W.  Ded- 
ham,  26  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,398. 

Franklin^  p-t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Shetucket,  adjoining  Norwich.  Pop. 
1,161. 

Franklin^  ro,  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Canada,  E. 
by  Clinton  and  Essex  cos.  S.  by  Essex  and  Ham- 
ilton COS.  W.  by  St.  Lawrence  co.  Pop.  2,719. 
Chief  town,  Malone. 

Franklin,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  N.  of  Delhi,  adjoining.     Pop.  1,708. 
'  Franklin,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,539. 

Franklin,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,839. 

Franklin^  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Cumberland 
•  ;o.  E.  by  Adams  co.  S.  by  Maryland,  and  W.  by 
Bedford  and  Mifflin  cos.  Pop.  23,083.  Chief 
town,  Chambersburg. 

Franklin,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,78 J. 

Franklin,  p-t.  and  cap.  Venango  co.  Pa.  at  the 
junction  of  French  creek  with  the  Alleghany,  25 
m.  S.  E.  Meadville,  70  N.  Pittsburg.     Pop.  159. 

Franklin,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Franklin,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  706, 

Franklin,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  571. 

Franklin,  t.  F'ayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,623. 

Franklin,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,943. 

Franklin  college.     See  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Franklin,  t.  VS'^estmoreland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,542. 

Franklin,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  Bedford,  Pittsyl- 
vania, Henry,  Patrick,  Montgomery,  and  Bote- 
tourt counties.  Pop.  10,724.  Slaves,  2,672. 
Chief  town.  Rocky  Mount. 

Franklin,  p-t.  Pendleton  co.  Va.  on  the  Si  branch 
of  the  Potomac,  40  m.  S.  W.  Moorfields. 

Franklin,  t.  Russcl  co.  Va. 

Franklin,  co.  N.  C.  inclosed  by  Greenville, 
Johnston,  Warren,  Wake,  and  Orange  counties. 
Pop.  10,166.  Slaves,  5,330.  Chief  town,  Lew- 
isburg. 

Franklin,  co.  Geo.  in  the  Western  district,  boun- 
ded N.  E.  by  Tuguloo  river,  which  separates  it 
from  S.  Carolina,  N.  W.  by  the  Cherokee  line, 
H.  W.  by  Jackson  co.  and  S.  E.  by  Elbert  co.  Pop. 
10,815.  Slaves,  1,659.  Chief  town,  Carnes- 
ville. 

Franklin,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Tennessee  river.  At  tlie  court-house  is  a  post- 
oifice. 

Franklin,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Hotnochito  river. 
Pop.  in  1816,  2,708.     Slaves,  1,013. 

Franklin^  t.  St.  Mary's  parish,  Louisiana,  150 
m.  from  New-OrleanSi 

Franklin,  p-t.  Attakapas  co.  Louisiana. 

Franklin,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop.  5,730. 
Slaves,  709.     Chief  town,  Winchester. 

Franklin,  p-t.  and  cap.  Williamson  co.Ten.  17 
in.  S.  Nashville. 

Franklin,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  8,013.  Slaves,  l,20h 
Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

Franklin,  t.  Simpson  co.  Ken. 

Franklin,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto.  Pop.  in 
1819,  9,350.     Chief  town,  Columbus. 

Franklin,  i.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river^ 
7  m.  W.  Columbus.     Pop.  in  1819,  905. 

Franklin,  p-t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami 
river,  10  m.  N,  W.  Lebanon,  34  N,  by  E.  Cin- 
cinnati 


F  il  E 


267 


Franklin,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W.  Ravenna- 
Pop.  230. 

Franklin,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

Franklin,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river,  8  va 
S.  Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  325. 

Franklin,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
350. 

Franklin,  cb.  Indiana,  on  White  river,  border- 
ing on  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815,  7,970.  Chief  town, 
Brookville. 

Franklin,  co.  Illinois,  between  Gallatin  and 
Jackson  counties.     Pop.  in  1818,  604. 

Franklin,  co.  Missouri. 

Franklin,  p-t.  and  cap.  Howard  co.  Missouri,  oii 
the  N.  side  of  Missouri  river,  160  m,  above  St. 
Louis.     It  contains  150  houses. 

Franklin  creek.     See  Ticin  creek. 

Franklinton,  p-1.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Ohio^  on 
the  VV.  bank  of  the  Scioto,  1  m.  W.  Columbus, 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about  70 
dwelling-houses. 

Franks,  t.  Huntingddn  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,114. 

Fronkstadl,  t.  Moravia,  4  m.  S.  Freyberg. 

Franktown,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Va. 

Franquemont,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Berne,  on  the 
Doubs,  16  m.  N.  Neufchatel. 

Franzburg,  t.  Pomeranian  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  StraU 
sund.  Lon.  12°  56'  E.  Lat.  54°  10'  N.  Pop. 
500. 

Fraresau,  v.  Missouri,  on  the  road  between  St. 
Charles  and  St.  Louis,  inhabited  by  French  peo- 
ple. 

Frascati,  t.  Ecclesiastical  state,  in  Campagna  di 
Roma,  near  the  ancient  Tusculum.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  10  m.  S  E.  Rome.  Lon.  12°  41' 
E.  Lat.  41°  48'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Frasershiirgh,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen  co* 
17  m.  N.  Peterhead,  149  N.  Edinburgh.  Pop, 
IjOOO. 

Frasnes,  v.  Netherlands^  N.  W.  of  Fleurusi 

Fratelii,  2  small  islands  in  the  Mediterraneani 
Lon.  26°  22'  E.  Lat.  35°  4.5'  N. 

Frutta,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedonl,  32  m;  S.  Ur- 
bino. 

Fratta,  La,  t.  Venetian  territory,  on  the  Scorta, 
6  m.  S.  W.  Rovigo.     Pop.  6,300. 

Fratta  Mag^iore,  t.  Neapolitan  territory,  near 
the  capital.     Poj>:  8,500. 

Fraubnmnen,  t.  Switzerland,  7  m.  N.  Berne. 

Frauenherg,  t.  Bohemia,  5  m.  S.  W.  Hayd. 

Frauenijnrg,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  JYische  Haff, 
16  m.  N.  E.  Elbing.  Lon.  19°  40'  E.  Lat.  54° 
21'  N. 

Frauenfcld;  t.  Switzerland,  capital  of  Thurgau.; 
14  m.  S.  W.  Constance,  20  N.  E.  Zurich. 

Frauenstcin;  t.  Saxony,  17  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dresden. 

Frauenworth.     See  Chiein,  Lake  of. 

Fraustadlj  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  ijrand  duchy 
of  Posen,  20  m.  N.  E.  Glogau,  70  N.  N.  W.  Bres- 
lau.     Pop.  5,600. 

Freckeiihorst,  v.  Prussian  Westphaliaj  20  m.  E» 
Munster. 

Frederic  Henry'' s  Hay,  bay  on  the  W;  coast  of 
Bruny's  island.     Lat.  43°  10'  S. 

Frederica,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Del.  at  the  forks  of 
Motherkill,  a  branch  of  Delaware  river,  7  m.  from 
Milford,  12  E.Dover. 

Frederica,  p-t.  St.  Simon's  island^  Glynn  fco; 
Geo.     See  St.  Simon'' s  island. 

Fredtricia,  t.  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Belt,  with  a  custom-house,  where  all  vessel3 
Eissing  the  Belt  pay  a  toll.    5  m.  N.  Middlefafthi 
on,  9°  44'  E..  Lat.  55°  35'  N.     Pop.  3,500; 


268 


F  R  E 


Frederick,  N.  Y.     See  Kent. 

Frederick,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  828. 

Frederick,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania, 
E.  by  Baltimore  and  Montgomery  cos.  S.  \V.  by 
the  Potomac,  and  N.  W.hy  Washington  co.  Pop. 
34,437.  Slaves,  5,171.  Chief  town,  Frederick- 
lown. 

Frederick,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  on  the  Sassafras,  op- 
opposite  Georgetown,  19  m.  N.  E.  Chestertown. 

Fredenck,  co.  \'a.  inclosed  by  Jefferson,  Berk- 
ley, Hampshire,  Shenandoah  counties,  and  She- 
nandoah river,  which  separates  it  from  Faquier 
CO.  Pop.  22,574.  Slaves,  6,417.  Chief  town, 
Winchester. 

Frederick  Hendrick,  fort,  Netherlands,  on  the 
Scheldt,  14  m.  N.  W.  Antwerp. 

Frederick  House,  a  trading  station  in  Uppei- 
Canada,  near  the  head  waters  of  Ottawa  river. 
Lon.  82°  W.  Lat.  48°  30'  N. 

Fredericksburg,  t.  Lenox  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
bay  of  Quinte,  W.  of  Ernestown. 

Fredericksburg,  p-t.  Spotsylvania  co.  Va.  and 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  commercial  towns  in 
the  State,  is  regularly  laid  out,  on  the  S.  W.  bank 
of  Rappahannock  river,  110  miles  from  its  mouth, 
57  m.  S.  W.  Washington  city,  66  N.  Richmond. 
Lon.  77°  33'  W.  Lat.  38°  18'  N.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  academy,  2  banire,  and  4  houses 
of  public  worship.  It  is  advantageously  situated 
for  trade,  near  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Rap- 
pahannock, in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated country.  Vessels  of  130  or  140  tons,  as- 
cend as  far  as  this  place,  and  large  quantities  of 
corn,  flour,  tobacco,  and  other  produce,  are 
brought  from  the  surrounding  country  lor  export- 
ation. I'he  annual  value  of  the  exports  has  been 
"estimated  at  $4,000,000.  It  has  rapidly  increased 
within  a  few  years.  Pop.  in  1812,  2,500,  and  iu 
1817,3,255. 

Fredericksburg,  p-t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken. 

Fredericksburg,  t.  Washington  co,  fudiaoa,  on 
Big  blue  river,  20  m.  N.  W.  Corydon. 

Frederickshall,  t.  Norway,  on  tiie  frontier  of 
Sweden,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  steep 
and  almost  impregnable  fortress  of  Fredericksteen. 
52  m.  S.  S.  E.  Christiana.  Lon.  1 1°  3'  E.  Lat.  59° 
4'N.     Pop.  3,900. 

Fredcrickshohn.     See  Ckrisficnsmid. 

Frederickstadt,  t.  Denmark,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Treen  and  Eyder,  18  m.  W.  S.  W.  Sleswick. 
Lon.  9°  1 1'  E.  Lat.  54°  28'  N. 

Frederickstadt,  t.  Norway,  in  Ag^erhuus,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Glommen,  43  m.  S.  Christiana.  Lon. 
11°  1'  E.  Lat.  59°  2'  N. 

Fredericksund,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Zealand,  19  m.  N.  W.  Copenhagen. 

Frederickswerk,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  a  bay  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Zealand. 

•  Frederickton,  formerly  St.  Anne,  t.  York  co.  and 
capital  of  Nev.'-Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  sloop 
navigation,  on  St.  John's  river,  80  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Pop.  500.  It  is  situated  on  a  plain,  and  is 
regularly  laid  out  in  spacious  streets,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  The  public  buildings  are  a 
market-house,  a  Methodist  chapel,  a  Baptist 
meeting-house,  and  an  elegant  jjrovince-hall,  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  General  Assembly  and 
Ihe  courts  of  justice. 

Fredericktown,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
Fredericklown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
Fredericktown,  p-t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N. 
Mount  Vernon,  40  N.  E.  Columbus. 

Frcdericktoxvn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Frederick  co.  Md. 


F  R  E 

on  a  branch  of  Monocasy  creek,  43  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Washington,  42  W.  Baltimore.  Lat.  39°  24'  N. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  an  elegant 
court-house,  a  jail,  bank,  brick  market-house, 
academy,  and  7  houses  of  public  worship.  Pop. 
about  5,000.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and 
has  considerable  trade  with  the  back  country. 

Fredonia,  formerly  Canadaway,  p-v.  in  Pom- 
fret,  Chataugue  co.  N.  Y.  on  Canadaway 
creek,  4  miles  from  its  moutli.  The  village  is 
built  on  each  side  of  the  creek.  The  road  from 
Buflalo  to  Erie,  passes  through  it,  and  renders  it  a 
great  thoroughfare.  It  is  45  m.  from  Buffalo,  and 
45  from  Erie.     A  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Freedom,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Mciine,  28  m.  N.  E. 
Augusta.     Pop.  354. 

Freedom,  p-t.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

Freehold.     See  Durham,  K.  Y. 

Freehold,  or  Monmouth,  p-t.  and  cap.  Monmouth 
CO.  N.  J.  15  m.  W.  Shrewsbury,  20  S.  E.  NeW- 
Brunswick.  Pop.  4,784.  Here  is  an  academy. 
In  this  town  was  fought  the  battle  of  Monmouth, 
June  28th,  1778. 

Freehold,  Upper,  t.  Monmouth  co.  (N.  J.)  W.  of 
Freehold.     Pop.  3,843. 

Freeman,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  38  m.  N.  W. 
Norridgewock.     Pop.  237. 

Freeport,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  at  the 
head  of  Casco  bay,  20  m.  N.  E.  Portland,  134  N. 
by  E.Boston.     Pop.  2,184. 

Freeport,  p-t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

Freeport,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 

Freeren,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  28  m.  N.  W. 
Osnabruck.     Lon.  6°  31'  16"  E.  Lat.  52°  29'  33"  N. 

Freetown,  the  principal  settlement  in  the  Brit- 
ish colony  of  Sierra  Leone,  in  West  Africa.  It  is 
on  the  S.  sideof  Sierra  Leone  river,  near  its  mouth, 
and  contained  in  1818,  exclusive  of  the  military, 
4,430  inhabitants,  of  which  number  88  were  Eu- 
ropeans.    See  Sierra  Leone. 

Freetown,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the  K.  side  of 
Taunton  river,  9  m.  S.  E.  Taunton,  40  S.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,878. 

Freewill  Islands,  three  small  islands  in  the  E. 
Indian  ocean,  called  by  the  natives  Pegan,  Onata, 
and  Onella.    '  Lon.  137°  51'  E.  Lat.  0°  50'  S. 

Fregolo,  v.  Piedmont,  near  Alessandria. 

Frehel,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast,  of  France, 
12  m.  W.  St.  Malo.  Lon.  2°  18'  36"  W.  Lat.  48° 
41'  10''  N. 

Freisingen.     See  Freysingen, 

Frejus,  t.  France,  on  the  Argens.  Here  Bona- 
parte landed  on  his  celebrated  return  from  Elba 
in  1815.  30  m.  S.  W.  Nice,  40  N.  E.  Toulon. 
Lon.  6°  44'  28"  E.  Lat.  43°  25'  52"  N.  Pop. 
2,2(jO. 

Fremona,  the  remains  of  a  convent,  in  Abyssin- 
ia, 50  m.  N.  E.  Sire. 

Frenay,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  9  m.  N.  W.  Ma- 
mers.     Lon.  0°  6'  E.  Lat.  48°  17'  N. 

French  broad  river,  one  of  the  sources  of 
Tennessee  river.  It  rises  in  S.  Carolina,  and 
crossing  the  western  part  of  N.  Carolina,  enters 
Tennessee  through  a  breach  in  the  mountain,  and 
joins  the  Holston,  11  miles  above  Knoxville.  25 
miles  from  its  mouth  it  receives  the  Nolachucky, 
and  6  miles  above.  Big  Pigeon  river.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  boats  nearly  the  whole  of  its  course  in  Ten- 
nessee. About  30  miles  from  its  mouth  is  a  large 
medicinal  Warm  Spring. 

Frejich  creek,  r.  Chester  co.  Pa.  which  flows  into 
the  Schuylkill. 

French  creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  AUegha* 


F  R  E 


F  R  I 


269 


ny,  80  m.  N.  by  E.  Pittsburg.  It  was  the  usual 
French  route  from  Quebec  to  the  Ohio.  See 
Boeuf,  Le. 

Fremh  creek^  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  183. 

French  creek,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.     Pop.  419. 

Frenchman's  hay,  bay  in  the  coast  of  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  lying  between  Mount  Desert  Island  and 
the  peninsula  of  Goldsborough.  Lon.  68°  W. 
Lat.  44°  20'  N.  It  communicates  with  Blue-hill 
bay.     Shipping  in  1816,  5,812  tons. 

French  mills.     See  Fort  Covington. 

French  river,  v.  in  Upper  Canada,  which  rises 
in  Lake  Nepising,  and  after  a  course  of  75  miles, 
enters  Lake  Huron,  in  lat.  45°  53'  N.  It  has  a 
communication  with  the  Ottawa  river  by  short 
portages, 

French,  or  Stony  river,  r.  which  rises  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  joins  the  Quinebaug  in  Thomp- 
.^•on,  Ct. 

Frcnchton,  p-v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va. 

Frenchtown,  landing,  Cecil  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 
-ide  of  Elk  river,  1  m.  S.  Elkton. 

Frenchtown,^-X..  Monroe  co.  Michigan  Territory. 

French  village,  v.  Illinois,  5  m.  E.  St.  Louis. 

Freneuse,  lake,  New-Brunswick,  through  which 
:3t.  John's  river  passes. 

Fresca,  Capo  del,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sar- 
Oinia.     Lon.  8-^  28'  E.  Lat,  39*^  45'  N, 

Frescati.     See  Frascati. 

Freshford,  i.  Ireland,  7  m.  S.  W.  Kilkenny. 

Freshimter,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  sea, 
6  m.  S.  E.  Pembroke  haven.     Lat.  51°  42'  N. 

Fresnay,  t.  France,  on  the  Sarthe,  22  m.  N.  by 
W.  Le  Mans. 

Fresneda,  La,  t,  Spain,  in  Arragon,  12  m.  S.  S. 
E,  Alcaniz. 

Fresnillo,  t.  Mexico,  30  m,  N.  W,  Zacatecas. 
Lon.  101°  58'  W.  Lat.  23°  22'  N. 

Fresnoy,  Baye  de,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  France. 
Lon.2oi'W.Lat.48^36'N. 

Freswick,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  sea 
iiear  Wick. 

Fretteval,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Vendome. 

Freudenbcrg,  t.  Prussian  territories  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  9  m.  W,  N.  W.  Siegen. 

Freudenstadl,  t.  Wirtemberg,  in  the  Black  For- 
est, 24  m.  E.  S.  E.  Strasburg. 

Fteudenthal,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  17m.W,  Trop- 
pau.     Lon.  17°  21'  E.  Lat.  49'=  50'  N. 

Freyberg,  a  celebrated  mining  town  of  Saxony, 
the  capital  of  the  Erzgebirg.  The  mine  officers 
here  have  the  superintendance  of  all  similar  es- 
tablishments throughout  the  kingdom.  A  mining 
academy  was  founded  in  1765,  and  has  been  made 
illustrious  by  the  names  of  Werner,  Charpentier, 
Lampe,  and  others.  There  are  attached  to  it  a 
library,  a  cabinet  of  minerals,  and  a  collection  of 
models.  The  whole  of  the  neighbouring  district 
is  full  of  mines  of  copper,  tin,  silver,  and  lead. 
Those  in  a  state  of  activity  amount  to  250,  employ- 
ing about  5000  workmen.  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Meis- 
sen, 19  W.  S.  W.  Dresden,     Pop,  8,737, 

Freyberg,  or  Przibor,  t,  Moravia,  36  m.  E, 
Olmutz.  Lon,  18°  15'  E.  Lat,  49°  34'  N.  Pop. 
3,500, 

Freyburg,  or  Friburg,  t.  Baden,  at  the  foot  of  a 
mountain,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Black  Forest, 
34  m,  S,  S,  E,  Strasburg,  30  N.  N,  E.  Bale.  Lon. 
7°  54'  E.  Lat.  48°  2'  N.  Pop,  7,916,  It  is  the 
neat  of  a  university,  which  has  300  students. 

Freyburs,  t,  Silesia,  7  m.  W,  Schweidnitz.  Lon. 
.16«>]6'E/Lat.5ic  14' N- 


Freyburg,  t,  Prussian  states,  in  Thuringia,  16 
m.  S,  Halle, 

Freye  Aemter,  a  district  of  Switzerland,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Reuss,  formerly  divided  between 
several  cantons,  now  united  to  the  canton  of  Aar- 
g-au.     Pop.  20,000. 

Freyenstadt,  t.  Bavaria,  20  m.  S,  E,  Nuremberg, 
31  N.'W,  Ratisbon,  Lon,  11°  15'  E,  Lat.  49° 
9'N. 

Freyenwald,  t.  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Oder.  32  m,  N,  E.  Berlin,  Lon,  14°  10' 
E.  Lat,  52°  49'  31"  N, 

Freysingen,  t.  Bavaria,  once  the  capital  of  an 
independent  bishopric,  on  the  Iser,  17  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Munich,     Pop,  3,500, 

Freystadf,  t,  Silesia,  in  Glogau,  24  m,  W,N,  W. 
Gross  Glogau.  Lou.  15°  31'  45"  E.  Lat.  51°  52' 
15"  N. 

Frei/stadt,  t.  Upper  Austria,  It  has  a  great  trade 
in  salt  with  Bohemia,  13  m.  N,  Enns,  82  W.  Vi- 
enna,    Lon.  14°  25'  E,  Lat,  48°  30'  N. 

Frias,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  20  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Burgos. 

Fribourg,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  between  the 
canton  of  Berne,  and  the  Pays  de  Vaud.  Extent 
2,836  square  miles.  Pop,  68,000.  Fribourg,  the 
capital,  is  on  the  Sane,  in  a  singularly  wild  and 
romantic  position,  part  being  built  on  the  summit 
of  rugged  rocks,  and  part  in  a  plain.  16  m.  S.  W. 
Berne,  27  N.  E.  Lausanne.  Lon.  7°  9'  E.  Lat, 
46°48'N.     Pop,  6,500, 

Fribus,  t.  Bohemia,  in  EInbogen,  9  m,  W.  Jo- 
achimsthal, 

Fricenti,  t,  Naples,  12  m,  N.  W,  Conza,  18  S,  E. 
Benevento.     Lon.  15°  2'  E,  Lat.  40°  59'  N. 

Frickthal,  district  of  Switzerland,  in  the  cantoQ 
of  Aargau,  on  the  S,  side  of  the  Rhine,  extending 
from  Augst  to  Botsberg,     Pop,  20,000, 

Friedbers:,  t,  Bavaria,  4  m.  S.  E.  Augsburg,  25S 
W.  N.  W.  Munich,     Pop.  3,200. 

Friedberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  25  m,  S,  E.  Gor- 
litz,     Lon,  15°  27'  E.  Lat.  50°  52'  N. 

Friedberg,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  45  m,  N.  W. 
Troppau,     Lon,  16°  15'  E,  Lat.  50°  5'  N. 

Friedbnrg,  t.  Hanover,  in  Bremen,  on  the  Elbe, 
37  m,  N,  W.  Hamburg. 

Friedeberg,  t.  New  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  Pop. 
2,350,  45  m.  N.  E,  Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  Lon. 
15°  40'  E,  Lat,  52°  56'  N, 

Friedeberg,  Hohen,  t,  Silesia,  5  m.  S.  W.  Strie- 
gau. 

Friedek,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  10  m.  S.  W.  Tesch- 
en.     Pop.  2,300.      Lon.  18°  28' E,  Lat  49°  52' N. 

Friederick's  Fiord,  bay,  W.  Greenland.  Lon. 
48°  20'  W.  Lat.  62°  12'  N. 

Friedland,  t.  E.  Prussia,  in  the  circle  of  Konigs- 
berg,  on  the  Alle,  famous  for  the  battle  gained  by 
Bonaparte  over  the  Russians  and  Prussians,  on 
the  14th  of  June,  1807,  which  led  to  the  peace  of 
Tilsit.  The  loss  of  the  allies  was  20,000  men. 
Lon.  21°  1'  E,  Lat.  54°  26'  N. 

Friedland,  (Markish,)  t.  grand  duchy  of  Posen. 
Lon.  17°  5'  56"  E,  Lat.  53°  20'  18"  N. 

Friedland,  t.  Mecklenburg,  14  m.  N.  E,  New 
Brandenburg,     Lon,  1.3°  30'  E,  Lat,  53°  39'  N. 

Friedland,  t.  Upper  Silesia,  20  m.  S.  W.  Oppeln. 
Lon.  17°  30'  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Friedlingen,  t.  Baden,  near  the  Rhine,  between 
Huningen  and  Basle. 

Friedricksfelde,  v.  Middle  Markof  Brandenber^, 
4  m.  from  Berlin. 

Friedricksham,%  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  a  pen- 
insirla  in  the  gulf  of  Finland.      The  harbour  i? 


270 


F  R  I 


F  U  C 


at  Rotschensalm,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kymmena, 
about  10  m.  below  the  town.  It  is  naturally 
strong,  is  well  fortified,  and  is  the  station  of  part  of 
the  Russian  fleet.  53  m.  W.  by  S.  Wyborg,  108 
W.  S.  W.  Petersburg.  Lon.  28°  18'  E.  Lat.  60° 
36' N. 

Friedricksort,  fort,  Denmark,  inHolstein,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Kieler-Wyk,  6  m.  N.  by  E.  Kiel. 

Fnedricksrode,  t.  Upper  Sajiony,  9  m.  S.  Go- 
tha. 

Friedricks-sund,  t.  Denmark,  in  Zealand,  28  m. 
N.  W.  Copenhagen. 

Friederickslkat,  t.  Saxony,  40  m.  N.  Dresden. 
Lon.  13°  31'  E.  Lat.  31°  31'  N. 

Friendly  Cove,  harbour  in  Nootka  Sound,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America. 

Friendly  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  consisting  of  more  than  130.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  most  important  :  Tonga,  Tonga- 
taboo  or  Amsterdam,  Eooa,  Annamooka  or  Rot- 
terdam, the  Hapaee  islands,  Maorga  or  Howe's 
islands,  and  the  Feejee  islands.  The  island  of 
Tongataboo  bears  an  unrivalled  sovereignty  over 
the  whole  group,  Feejee  not  excepted. — Yams, 
plantains,  and  cocoa-nuts  are  the  principal  pro- 
ductions cultivated  by  the  natives. — In  the  de- 
scriptions of  those  navigators  who  first  visited  the 
Friendly  islands,  the  natives  were  represented 
as  possessing  many  social  qualities,  and  much 
gentleness  of  character.  But  the  accounts  of 
subsequent  visitors  have  shewn  them  capable 
of  the  greatest  excesses  of  cruelty  and  revenge. 
Lon.  184°  46'  to  185°  43'  E.  Lat.  19°  40'  to  21° 
30' S. 

Friendship,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  30  m.  E.  Wis- 
casset.      Pop.  480. 

Friendship,  t.  Alleghany  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  W.  of 
Angelica. 

Friendship,  p-t.  Anne-Arundel  co.  Md.  78  m. 
fr.  Washington. 

Friesach,  t.  Lower  Carinthia,  on  the  Metnitz,  6 
m.  N.  E.  Gurk. 

Friesland,  a  name  which  in  former  ages  com- 
prised all  the  country  from  the  Scheldt  to  the  Wa- 
ger, including  not  only  the  seven  united  provin- 
ces, but  a  part  of  G  ermany.  At  present  the  name 
is  applied  to  two  distinct  territories,  called  East 
and  West  Friesland,  one  in  Germany,  the  other 
in  Netherlands,  and  separated  from  each  other  by 
the  province  of  Groniugen. — West  Friesland  is  a 
province  of  the  Netherlands,  having  the  Zuyder 
Zee  on  the  W.  and  the  German  ocean  on  the  N. 
It  contains  nearly  1200  sq.  miles,  and  176,500  in- 
habitants. Like  the  rest  of  the  Netherlands,  it  is 
secured  against  the  sea  by  large  dykes.  The  land 
is  much  fitter  for  pasture  than  tillage. — The  Ger- 
man principality,  called  East  Friesland,  forms  the 
N.  W.  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  Its  ex- 
tent is  1,155  sq.  miles.  Pop.  120,000.  Towards 
the  sea  it  is  low  and  swampy,  but  secured  from 
inundation  by  large  dykes.  It  formerly  belonged 
to  Prussia,  but  in  1814  was  ceded  to  Hanover. 

Fringy  Bazar,  t.  Bengal,  district  of  Dacca,  on 
the  Dullasery.     Lon.  90°  23'  E.     Lat.  23°  33'  N. 

Frio,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Rio  Janeiro,  in  Bra- 
zil.    Lon.  41°  36'  W.  Lat.  23°  3'  S. 

Frische  Haf.    See  Haf. 

Frischhaasen,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  sea  coast,  22 
m.  W.  Konigsberg. 

Frischling,  r.  Prussia,  which  runs  into  the 
Frische  Haf 

Fritslar,  district,  Ilesse-Cossel,  partly  in  Low- 


er, partly  in  Upper  Hesse.  Sq.  miles,  131.  Pop. 
in  1812,  15,328,  chiefly  Catholics.  Fritzlar,  the 
capital,  is  on  the  Edder,  13  ra.  S.  S.  W.  Cassel. 
Lon.  9°  13'  E.  Lat.  50°  8'  N. 

Friuli,  formerly  an  extensive  province  of  Italy, 
bounded  N.  by  Carinthia,  and  S.  by  the  gulf  of 
Venice.  It  was  divided  into  Austrian  and  Vene- 
tian. The  former  containing  2,500  sq.  miles,  and 
about  120,000  inhabitants;  and  Trieste  was  the 
chief  town.  Venetian  Friuli  contained  370,000 
inhabitants.  Austrian  Friuli  now  constitutes  the 
circle  of  Goritz  in  the  kingdom  of  lUyria ;  and 
Venetian  Friuli,  the  legation  of  Udina  in  the 
Lombardy  part  of  the  Austrian  dominions, 

Frobisher's  Slrails,  narrow  sea,  which  lies  N.  of 
Cape  Farewell  in  West  Greenland.  Lon.  42*^ 
W.  Lat.  63°  N. 

Frodingham,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  12  m.  N. 
Beverley. 

Frodsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  near  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Weaver  and  the  Mersey,  10  m.  N.  E. 
Chester. 

Frog^s  Point,  or  JVecfc,  in  West  Chester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  coast  of  Long  Island  sound,  9  m.  from  Har- 
laem  Heights. 

Fromc,  r.  Eng.  in  Dorset,  which  passes  Dor- 
chester, and  flows  into  the  sea,  below  Wareham ; 
another  river  of  this  name,  joins  the  Avon  at 
Bristol;  another  runs  into  the  Severn  near  Berk- 
ley, in  Gloucestershire. 

Frame,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  on  the  Frome. 
It  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of 
broad  cloths  and  kerseymeres  from  English  and 
and  Spanish  wool,  averaging  600,000  yards  annu- 
ally.    Pop.  in  1817,  10,133.     13  m.  S.  Bath. 

Fromentieres.     See  Fourmejitieres. 

Fronteira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  14  m.  N. 
Estremos, 

Frontera,  San  Juan  de  la,  t.  S.  America,  on  the 
frontier,  between  Chili  and  the  province  of  Cuyo, 
94  m.  N.  by  E.  Mendoza.  Lon.  68°  36'  W.  Lat. 
31°  17'  S. 

Frontignan,  t.  France,  famous  for  the  wine  cal- 
led Frontignac,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Montpelier.  Loo. 
3°  45'  18"  E.  Lat.  43°  26'  42'  N. 

Frontinac,  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake  Ontario. 

Frontinac,  fort.     See  Kingston,  Up.  Canada. 

Fronton,  t.  France,  18  m.  N.Toulouse. 

Frontroyal,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Fronzac,  t.  France,  25  m.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux. 

Froward,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  the  continent  of 
America,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  17*^ 
59'  W.  Lat.  54°  3'  S. 

Frozen  Ocean,  Arctic  Ocean,  or  Icy  Sea,  lies  be- 
tween the  northern  coasts  of  Europe  and  Asia, 
and  the  North  Pole.  It  is  almost  entirely  filled 
with  ice. 

Fraitslown,  p-t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

Frusinone,  t.  Italy,  56  m.  E.  by  S.  Rome. 

Frulingen,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Berne,  with  a 
castle,  17  m.  S.  Thun. 

Fryeburg,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river, 
60  m.  N.  W.  Portland,  120  N.  by  E.  Boston.  Lon. 
70°  47'  30"  W.  Lat.  42°  2'  N.  Pop.  1,004.  It 
contains  an  academy. 

Fryingpan  Shoals,  a  dangerous  shoal,  off  the 
coast  of  N.  C.  at  the  entrance  of  Cape  Fear  river, 
6  m.  fr.  Cape  Fear  pitch,  24  S.  E.  by  S.  Baldhead 
light-house.     Lon.  75°  W.  Lat.  33°  32'  N. 

Frysoyta,  t.  Prussian  states,  64  m.  N.  Munster, 
Lon.'7o  46'  E.  Lat.  52°  17'  N. 

Fuca,  Straits  of  St.  Juande,  an  inlet  on  the  N 


FUN 


FUR 


271 


W.  coast  of  America,  between  Cape  Flattery  on 
the  S.  in  lat.  48°  20'  N.  and  Quadra's  isles  on  the 
N.  in  lat.  48°  40'  N. 

Fucecchio,  v.  Tuscany,  22  m.  W.  Florence. 

Fuego,  Fogo,  or  St.  Philips,  one  of  the  Cape  de 
Verde  islands,  W.  of  St.  Jago.  It  is  chiefly  re- 
markable for  a  volcano,  which  vomits  flames  and 
smoke  almost  continually;  and  huge  rocks  are 
sometimes  thrown  into  the  air.  Lon.  24"  20'  W. 
Lat.  15°0'rN. 

Fuego  Terra  del.    See  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Fuente  Guinaldo,  t.  Spain,  in  Salamanca,  16  m. 
N.  W.  Coria. 

Fuente  de  la  Figuera,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  56 
m.  S.  E.  Valencia.  Lon.  4°  4'  W,  Lat.  38° 
35'  N. 

Fuente  de  la  Piedra,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  6  m. 
fr.  Antequera. 

Fuente  Rabia.     See  Fontarabia. 

Fuenfes,  fort,  LombarJy,  where  the  Adda'falls 
into  the  lake  of  Como,  30  m.  N.  E.  Como.  Lon. 
9°  24' 59"  E.  Lat.  46°  8'  29"  N. 

Fuenles,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Ebro,  20 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Saragossa. 

Fuentes  d'Onore,  t.  Spain,  13  m.  W.  Ciudad 
Rodrigo. 

Fuerbach,  v.  Baden,  18  m.  S.  Friburg;. 

Fuerte  Rio,  r.  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  which  runs 
into  the  ;^ulf  of  California. 

Fuessen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Lech,  47  m. 
S.  Augsburg.     Lon.  70°  43'  E.  Lat.  47°  34'  N. 

Fugitiva,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  151° 
50'  W.  Lat.  14°  20'  S. 

Fuhrfeld,  t.  Baden,  4  m.  S.  W.  Wimpfen- 

Fulda,  formerly  a  bishopric  of  Germany,  con- 
taining 81,000  inhabitants.  In  1802,  it  was  se- 
cularized. In  1814,  it  was  divided,  a  district  con- 
taining 27,000  inhabitants  being  given  to  Saxe- 
Weimar,  and  the  rest  to  Prussia.  Prussia  has 
subsequently  ceded  her  portion  to  Hesse-Cassel, 
and  the  lattergovernmonthas  given  it  the  title  of 
the  grand  duchy  of  Fulda,  with  a  constitution 
different  from  that  of  the  other  Hessian  states. 

Fulda,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  cap,  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Fulda,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop,  on  the  river 
Fulda,  43  m.  E.  Wetzlar,  63  E.  N.  E.  Mentz. 
Lon.  9°  44'  E.  Lat.  50°  34'  N.     Pop.  7,500. 

Fulda,  r.  Germany,  which  joins  the  Werra 
near  Munden,  to  form  the  Weser. 

Fulhatn,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames, 
4  m.  fr.  London.     Pop.  5,903. 

Fullerton,  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  An- 
tigua. Lon.  610  35'  W.  Lat.  17°  13'  N.  It  is 
also  the  name  of  a  cape  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon. 
88°  20'  W.  Lat.  64°  10'  N. 

Fullingmills,  p-v.  Kent  co.  R.  I. 

FuUmoon  Shoal,  shoal  off'  cape  Hatteras,  N.  C. 
having  10  or  12  feet  at  low  water. 

Fulneck,  t.  Moravia,  21  m.  N.  E.  Prerau.  Lon. 
17°  56'  E.  Lat.  49°  37'  N.     Pop.  3,050. 

Fulta,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hoogly, 
25  m.  below  Calcutta.  Lon.  88°  20'  E.  Lat.  22° 
19'  N. 

Fulton,  p-v.  Sumpter  co.  S.  C. 

Fumay,  t.  France,  in  Arde*mes,  on  the  Meuse, 
11m.  N.  E.  Rocroi. 

Fumel,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  3  m.  N. 
Tournois. 

Fumone,  t.  Italy,  4  m.  N.  W.  Alatri. 

Funchal,  s-p.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Madeira, 
in  the  centre  of  a  large  bay.  The  trade  consists 
almost  entirely  jin  exporting  wine.  It  is  chiefly 
carried  on  by  English  njerrliants,   wlio  reside 


here  ia great  numbers,  and  form  the  most  opulent 
class  of  the  inhabitants.  Lon.  17°  6'  15"  W.  Lat. 
32°  37'  40"  N. 

Fundi,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavoro,  42  m.  N.  W.  Na- 
ples. 

Fundy,  Bay  of,  N.  America,  between  Nov«a 
Scotia  and  ?iew  Brunswick.  It  runs  up  from  S. 
W.  to  N.  E.  about  200  miles,  and  approaches  with- 
in 20  miles  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Near 
its  head,  it  divides  into  two  long  narrow  arms,  the 
northern  called  Chignecto  channel,  and  the  south- 
ern, the  basin  of  Mines.  In  Chignecto  channel, 
the  tides  rise  60  feet. 

Funen,  a  Danish  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  separated 
from  Jutland  by  the  narrow  passage  called  the 
Little  Belt,  35  miles  long,  and  30  broad.  Extent 
1,200  sq.  miles.  Pop.  130,000.  It  is  fertile,  and 
produces  barley,  oats,  buckwheat,  rye,  and  veget- 
ables in  abundance. 

Funfkirchen,  or  Pets,  t.  Hungary,  between  the 
Drave  and  the  Danube,  140  m.  W,  N.  W.  Bel- 
grade, 175  S.  S.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  18°  45'  E.  Lat. 
46°  5' N.     Pop.  11,500. 

Funk,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  N.  E. 
coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  52°  15'  W.  Lat. 
50°  N. 

Funkstoun,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Md. 

Fuorli,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  21  m.  S.  S- 
E.  Sulmona. 

Furca,  mt.  Switz.  14,000  feet  high,  in  the  N.  E. 
corner  of  the  canton,of  the  Valais. 

Fnmeaux  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
143°  16'  W.  Lat.  17°  5'  S. 

Furneaux  Islands,  in  Bass  strait,  between  New 
Holland  and  Van  Diemen's  land. 

Fumes,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  15  m. 
S.  W.  Ostend,  20  N.  N.  W.  Ypres.  Lon.  2^  29' 
51"  E.  Lat.  51°  4'  23"  N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Fnrruckabud,  district.  Hind,  in  Agra,  between 
the  Ganges  and  Jumna,  and  between  27°  and  28*^ 
N.  lat.  It  is  under  the  dominion  of  the  British. — 
Furruckabad,  the  capital,  is  a  fortified  town,  about 
a  mile  from  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ganges.  It  car- 
ries on  an  advantageous  trade  with  Cashmeer  and 
other  parts  of  India.  Lon.  79°  33'  E.  Lat.  27® 
33' N. 

Furry'' s  Toicn,  t.  Jamaica,  in  St.  James  co.  20 
m.  N.  E.  Savannah  la  Mer. 

Furstinberg,  formerly  a  district  of  Suabia,  and 
an  independent  principality,  now  belonging  chief- 
ly to  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  but  partly  te> 
Wirtemberg,  and  the  house  of  HohenzoUern-Sig- 
maringen.  The  village  of  Furstenberg  is  14  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Schaff-hausen. 

Furstenberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Oder,  1.? 
m.  S.  Frankfort.     Lon.  14°  48'  E.    Lat.  52°  7'  N. 

Furstenberg,  t.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  on  the 
Havel,  10  m.  S.  E.  Strelitz,  40  N.  Berlin.  Lon 
13°  14' E.  Lat.  53°  10' N. 

Furstenfeld,  t.  Austrian  empire,  68  m.  S.  Viea- 
na.     Lon.  15°  37'  E.  Lat.  47°  5'  N.' 

Fursteracald,  t.  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Spree,  26  m.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14°  8'  E. 
Lat.  52°  22'  N.     Pop.  2,350. 

Furth,  t.  Bavaria,  4  m.  W.  Nuremberg,  be  ■ 
tween  the  Rednitz  and  Pegnitz,  which  join  a  little 
below  the  town.  It  is  entirely  a  manufacturing' 
place.     Pop.  13,000,  of  whom  2,700  are  Jews. 

Furth,  t.  Bavaria,  86  m.  N.  N.  E.  Munich. 
Lon.  12°  42'  E.  Lat.  49°  17'  N. 

Furuo,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  22°  24 
E.  Lat,  65°  40'  N, 


272 


G  A  F 


GAL 


Furusund,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Swe- 
den.   Lon.  18°  45'  E.  Lat.  59°  46'  N. 

Fiisagasnga,  lars;e  r.  New  Grenada,  which  runs 
into  the  Magdalena. 

Fuscaldo,  t.  Naples,  on  the  sea  coast,  15  ra.  N. 
W.  Cosenza. 

Ftise,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Aller  be- 
low Zell. 

Fusisnano,  t.  Ecclesiastical  States,  10  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Ravenna,  28  S.  E.  Ferrara. 

Fusina,  t.  Venetian  territory,  4  m.  W.  Venice. 

Futtehpoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  24  m.  fr.  Agra. 
Lon.  no  34'  E.  Lat.  27°  5'  N. 

Futwa,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Pompon  with  the  Ganges,  9  m.  S.  Patna.  Lon. 
&50  28'E.  Lat.  2.5°  30' N. 


Fuur  Land,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Lynifiord  gulf. 
Lon.  9°  2'  E.  Lat.  56°  50'  N. 

Fyen.     See  Funen. 

Fi/ers,  or  Foyers,  r.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire, 
which  falls  into  Lochness.  It  is  noted  for  its  falls, 
one  of  70,  and  the  other  of  207  feet  in  perpen- 
dicular height. 

Fylingdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  froVn 
Whitby. 

Fi/ne  (Lueh),  lake,  or  arm  of  the  sea,  in  the 
county  of  Argyle,  Scotland. 

Fyzabad,  city.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Dewah,  or  Gogra.  Lon.  82°  10' E.  Lat.26'^' 
46'  N. 


G. 


Gaash,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  part  of  the  hills  called 
Mount  Ephraim. 

Cabaret,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  20  m.  W.  Con- 
dom.    Lon.  0°  22'  W.  Lat.  43*=  59'  N. 

Gabarous  Bay,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.     Lon.  60°  W.  Lat.  45°  50'  N. 

Gabbiano,  t.  Piedmont,  17  m.  W.  N.  W.  Casal. 

Gabel,  or  Gablona,  t.  Bohemia.  It  is  fortified, 
and  commands  an  important  pass  into  Upper  Lu- 
satia.  Pop.  1,950.  49  m.  N.  Prague.  Lon.  14° 
54'  E.  Lat.  50°  44'  N. 

Gates.     See  Cubes. 

Gabindn.     See  Cabenda. 

Gable  End  Foreland,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
New  Zealand.     Lat.  38*^  15'  S. 

Gabon,  Rio,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  flows  through 
a  country  of  the  same  name,  between  Benin  and 
Cape  Lopez  Gonsalvo,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic, 
inlat.  0°26'N. 

Gabriel,  harbor,  on  the  coast  of  Lapland,  about 
a  league  N.  of  Salensi.  Lon.  35°  50'  E.  Lat.  69° 
25' N. 

Gadamisy  t.  N.  Africa,  surrounded  by  a  terri- 
tory of  the  same  name,  S.  W.  from  Tripoli,  and 
N.  W.  from  Fezzan,  and  forms  the  channel  by 
which  these  countries  communicate  with  Tom- 
buctoo.  The  territory  is  said  to  contain  92  villa- 
ges. 

Gadara,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  of  Decapolis,  and 
the  metropolis  of  Perea,  situated  on  the  W.  side 
of  lake  Tiberias,  opposite  the  city  of  Tiberias. 

Gade,  r.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  falls  into  the 
Coin,  near  Richmaimsvvorth. 

Gadebitsch,  t.  Mecklenburgh-Schwerin,  16  m. 
W.  N.W^.  Schwerin.  Lon.  11°14'E.  Lat.  53° 
45' N. 

Gaderslcben.     See  Gatlersleben. 

Gadou,  country,  W.  Africa,  having  Jallonha- 
doo  S.  Brookod  Fooladoo  N.  and  Konkodoo  E. 

Gaeta,  s-p.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  gulf  of  Gaeta.  It  is  one  of  the 
strongest  places  in  the  kingdom.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  contains  a  cathedral,  9  churches,  and  nearly 
15,000  inhabitants.  40  ra.  N.  W.  Naples.  Lou. 
13°  33'  E.  Lat.  41°  14'  N. 

Gafsa,  t.  in  the  S.  part  of  Tunis,  140  m.  S.  P. 
W.  Tunis. 


Gaga,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  l)etween 
the  islands  Waygiou  and  Gilolo.  Lon.  126°  40' 
E.  Lat.O°  18' S. 

Gagetown,  t  Queens  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

Gagne,  fief,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  33  m.  E.  Quebec. 

Gaidronisi,  (i.  e.  ^sses  Island,)  small  isl.  in  tiK 
Mediterranean,  on  the  S.  side  of  Candia.  Lon 
25°  45'  E.  Lat.  34°  48'  N. 

Gaildorf,  I.  Wirtemberg,  8  m.  S.  Hall,  in  Sua- 
bia,  31  E.  N.  E.  Stutgard. 

Gaillac,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  21  m.  !r 
Toulouse. 

Gaillon,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  Seine,  26 
m.  S.  E.  Rouen.     Lon.  1°  19'  E.  Lat.  49°  8'  N. 

Gaines,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  laJie  Ontario. 
30  m.  W.  Rochester,  18  N.  Batavia. 

Gaines,  p-t.  Boone  co.  Ken. 

Gaines  cross-roads,  p-v.  Culpeperco.  V:». 

Gainsborough,  t.  Eng,  in  Lincolnshire.  It  is  o.i 
the  Trent,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place,  for 
vessels  of  considerable  burden.  It  is  connected 
by  canals  with  Yorkshire,  Derbyshire,  and  other 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  is  a  place  of  considera- 
ble trade.  Pop.  5,172.  18  m.  N.  W.  Lincoln, 
150  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  46'  W.  Lat.  52° 
23' N. 

Gainsborough,  t,  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Gainsborough,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Gainsville,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  S.  Bata- 
via.    It  contains  a  Presbyterian  church. 

Gaira,  r.  New  Grenada,  which  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  ocean. 

Gala  Water,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
Tweed,  1^  m.  below  Galashiels. 

Galapager,  t.  Spain,  6  m.  E.  of  the  Escurial. 

Galashiels,  t.  Scotland,  on  the  Gala  Water,  5 
m.  S.  W.  Melrose,  30  S.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1,000. 

Galaso,  r.  Naples,  whicli  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Tarento. 

Galuta,  t.  Turkey,  on  the  site  of  tlie  ancicflt 
Chalcis. 

Galata,  one  of  the  suburbs  of  Constantinople. 
See  Constantinople. 

Gaiatia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  part  of  the  country  now- 
called  Natolia,  bounded  N.  by  Paphlagonia,  S.  by 


GAL 


GAL 


273 


Lycaonia,  E.  by  Pontus  and  Cappadocia,  and  W. 
by  Phrygia  and  Bithynia.  It  was  remarkable  for 
the  many  colonies  of  different  nation?,  which  set- 
tled in  it.     Chief  town,  Ancyra. 

Galato7u  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire. 

Galals,  or  Galacz,  t.  Turkey,  in  J^oldavia,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Fruth  and  the  Danube.  It 
is  fortified,  contains  5,000  inhabitants,  and  has  a 
good  harbor,  which  admits  large  ships  up  to  the 
town.  It  is  the  centre  of  trade  between  Molda- 
via and  Constantinople.  54  m.  W.  Ismail,  120 
S.  S.  W.  Bender.   Lon.  280  24'E.    Lat450  24'N. 

Gale,  r.  Ireland,  which  rises  in  Kerry,  and 
uniting-  with  the  Feal,  forms  the  Cashing. 

Galen,  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie  canal. 
It  contains  salt  works. 

Galcra,  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of  Trinidad. 
Lon.  60°  30'  W.  Lat.  10°  45'  N. 

Galeron,  t.  Celebes,  15  m.  fr.  Macassar. 

Galgon,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  17  m.  N.  E. 
Bourdeaux. 

Galieia,  an  extensive  province  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  formerly  a  part  of  Poland,  bounded  N.  by 
the  kingdom  of  Poland,  E.  by  Russia,  S.  by  Mol- 
davia, Transylvania,  and  Hungary,  and  W.  by 
Austrian  Silesia.  It  lies  between  1 8°  35'  and  26° 
50'  E.  lon.  and  47°  50'  and  50°  45'  N.  lat.  Ex- 
tent 32,521  sq.  miles.  Pop.  3,750,000,  including 
the  Bukowine. — The  country  consists  of  an  im- 
mense plain.  The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the 
?oil  fertile,  producing  corn  in  abundance.  The 
most  important  mineral  is  salt,  which  exists  in 
almost  every  hill.  Slavery  has  been  abolished  by 
a  late  law  of  the  Austrian  government.  The  re- 
ligion of  the  state  is  the  Catholic,  but  the  Greeks 
and  Lutherans  are  numerous,  and  in  1817,  there 
were  422,000  Jews. — Galieia  bears  the  title  of 
kingdom,  and  is  governed  by  a  viceroy,  who  re- 
sides at  Lemberg.  In  1817,  a  liberal  constitution 
was  published,  and  a  representative  government 
established. 

Galieia,  province,  in  the  N.  W.  of  Spain, 
bounded  N,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Portu- 
gal, and  E.  by  the  province  of  Asturias.  Extent, 
16,746  sq.  miles.     Pop.  1,400,000. 

Galiczin.     See  Galilsch. 

Galilee,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country,  in  the  N.  part 
of  Palestine,  extending  from  the  borders  of  Syria 
S.  beyond  lake  Gennesareth ;  bounded  N.  by 
Mount  Libanus,  E.  by  the  Jordan,  S.  by  Samaria, 
and  W.  by  the  Mediterranean.  It  was  divided 
into  Lower  Galilee,  or  Galilee  of  the  Gentiles, 
and  Upper  Galilee.  The  Galileans  spoke  a  bar- 
barous dialect,  differing  widely  from  the  language 
of  Jerusalem.  They  were  rebellious  under  the 
Roman  government.  They  were  despised  by  their 
countrymen,  the  Jews,  for  their  vices,  and  it  was 
a  reproach  to  bear  their  name. 

Galisano,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain. 
Lon.  30°  40'  W.  Lat.  43°  28'  N. 

Galita,  small  isl.  between  Sardinia  and  the  coast 
of  Africa,  48  m.  N.  W.  Biserta.  Lou.  9°  5'  E. 
Lat.  37°  50'  N. 

Galitsch.  t.  Russia,  70  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  Kostroma. 
Lon.  42°  43'  E.  Lat.  59°  1 1'  N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Galitsh,  t.  Austrian  Galieia,  on  the  Dniester, 
formerly  the  capital  of  the  country,  84  m.  N.  W. 
Choczim,  70  S.  E.  Lemberg.  Lon.  25°  6'  E.  Lat. 
49°  10'  N. 

Galla,  a  savage  people  of  Africa,  who  have  oc- 
cupied all  the  territories  S.  of  Abyssinia,  and  seiz- 
ed on  some  of  the  finest  provinces  of  that  country. 


Galium,  t.  W.  Africa,  capital  of  the  country  of 
Gallam  or  Kajaaga,  on  the  Senegal.  Lon.  10°  50' 
W.  Lat.  14°  35'  N. 

Gallam,  Country  of.     See  Kajaaga. 

Gallant,  Port,  bay  in  the  straits  of  Magellai)- 
Lon.  73°  9'  W.  Lat.  53°  50'  S. 

Gallapagos,  or  Gallipagos,  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  on  each  side  of  the  equator,  between  lon. 
89°  2'  and  92°  W.  about  200  miles  W.  of  Peru. 
The  largest  is  65  miles  long,  and  45  broad. 

Gallarato,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  31  m.  N.  VV.  Milan. 

Gallatin,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  19  m.  S.  E. 
Hudson.  Pop.  2,471.  The  Ancram  iron  works 
in  this  town,  are  very  extensive,  and  the  iron  is 
highly  prized.  The  ore  is  obtained  from  the 
neighboring  town  of  Salisbury,  (Connecticut.) 

Gallatin,  p-t.  and  cap.  Sumner  co.  W.  Tennes- 
see, 27  m.  N.  E.  Nashville.     Here  is  an  Academy. 

Gallatin,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  3,307. 
Slaves,  688.     Chief  town.  Port  William. 

Gallatin,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1818,  3,256.     Chieftown,  Shawaneetown. 

Gallas.     See  Galla. 

Gallatin's  River,  one  of  the  three  forks  of  the 
Missouri,  in  N.  America.  It  joins  the  main 
stream  in  lon.  110°  5'  W.  lat.  45°  15'  N. 

Galle,  a  district  of  Ceylon,  at  the  S.  W.  extrem- 
ity of  the  island.  Its  chieftown  is  Point  de  Galle. 
The  town  is  75  m.  S.  of  Columbo,  is  fortified,  and 
ranks  next  to  Columbo  in  respect  to  trade.  The 
Wesleyan  Methodists  have  several  Missionaries 
here,  and  more  than  1,000  children  under  in- 
struction. 

Galleechabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  82° 
38'  E.  Lat.  25°  47'  N. 

Gullego,  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  Ebro  near 
Saragossa. 

Gallegon,  r.  Patagonia,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lat.  51°  38'  S. 

Gallese,  t.  and  castle  of  the  Popedom,  on  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Fescennium,  25  m.  N.  Rome. 

Gallia,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Kenhaway.  Pop.  in  1815,  6,000. 
Chief  town,  Gallipolis. 

Gallian,  city,  Hind,  on  the  coast,  32  m.  N,  E.  of 
Bombay. 

Gallim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  the  Benjamites,  4 
m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

GalUpoli,  city,  Naples,  in  Terra  d'Otranto,  on 
a  peninsula,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Tarento. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  well  built  and  fortified, 
has  a  convenient  harbor,  and  carries  on  consider- 
able trade  in  oil.  23  m.  W.  Otranto,  224  E.  by  S. 
Naples.  Lon.  18°  28'  E.  Lat.  40°  21'  N.  Pop. 
9,000. 

GalUpoli,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  oij  the  N.  side  of  the 
strait  of  Gallipoli.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 
80  m.  S.  Adrianople,  108  S.  W.  Constantinople. 
Lon.  26°  37'  E.  Lat.  40°  25'  N.     Pop.  17,000.      _  ■ 

Gallipolis,  p-t.  and  cap.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  57  m.  S.  E.  Chilicothe,  102  fr.  Columbus. 
Pop.  in  1815,  700.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  an  academy.  It  was  settled  in  1790  by  a 
French  colony. 

Gallivant'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Kingston  co.  S.  C. 

Gallo,  Citpe,  cape,  9  m.  fr.  Palermo.  Lon.  13® 
2'E.Lat.  38°  17'N. 

Gallo,  Cape,  cape  of  the  Morea.  Lon.  21°  53' 
E.  Lat.  36°  48'  N. 

Gallo,  Punta  de,  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  island  of 
Trinidad.    Lon.  62°  16'  W.  Lat.  9°  45'  N. 


35 


274 


G  A  N 


GAR 


Gallop  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  river  St  Law- 
rence.    Lon.  75°  18'  W.  Lat.  44°  55'  N. 

Galloway,  Mull  of,  cape,  Scotland,  at  the  E.  en- 
trance into  Glenluce  bay.  Lon.  4°  56'  W.  Lat. 
54°  39'  N. 

Gallotcay,  J^etv,  a  royal  borough  of  Scotland,  in 
Kirkcudbright,  25  m.  W.  Dumfries.  Pop.  500, 
Galloivay,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,648. 
Gallyheud,   cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  54'  W.  Lat.  51°  31'  N. 

Galope,  or  Gulpe,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
llm.S.  E.  Maestricht. 

Gabion,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  22  m.  S.  by 
\V.  Glasgow. 

Galveston,  a  small  island  in  the  bay  of  St  Ber- 
nard, on  tlie  coast  of  Texas,  about  90  m.  W.  of 
the  mouth  of  Sabine  river.  It  was  lately  the  re- 
sort of  a  band  of  pirates  and  smugglers,  but  the  es- 
tablishment is  now  broken  up. 

Galveston,  v.  Louisiana,  on  the  Iberville,  18  m, 
N.  Donaldsonville,  25  S.  E.  Baton  Rouge.  Lon. 
90°50'W.  Lat.  30°  20' N. 

Galveston  bay,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  94° 
30'  W.  Lat.  29°  30'  N. 

Galwuy,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  W.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic, N.  by  Mayo,  N.  E.  by  Roscommon,  E.  by  the 
river  Shannon,  which  separates  it  from  King's 
county  and  Tipperary,  and  S.  by  Clare  and  Gal- 
way  bay.  Pop.  in  1798,  142,000,  nearly  all 
Catholics. 

Gahcay,  t.  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  Galway  county, 
on  a  broad  river,  by  which  Lough  Corrib  flows  into 
{lie  sea.  The  port  is  very  commodious  and  safe, 
but  so  distant  from  the  city  that  lighters  are  neces- 
sary to  carry  goods  into  the  town.  Pop.  15,000. 
96  m.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  8°  58'  W.  Lat.  53°  15' N. 
Galway,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  W.  Balls- 
ton,  31  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  2,705. 

Gahcay  Bay,  large  bay  on  the  west  coast  of  Ire- 
land, 20  miles  long  and  7  broad. 

Gambara,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Brenta,  5  m. 
W.  Venice.  Pop.  2,000.  "There  is  another  town 
of  this  name  on  the  Naviglio,  18  m.  S.  Brescia. 

Gambia,  r.  W.  Africa,  navigable  to  Barraconda, 

about  400  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  falls  into  the 

sea  in  lat.  13°  30'  N.  lon.  16°  30'  W.    SeeBathurst. 

Gambiers  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.    Lon. 

225°  E.  Lat.  23°  IS'  S. 

Gambier''s  Isles,  small  islands  on  the  S.  coast  of 
New  Holland.  The  largest  is  in  lon.  136°  29'  E. 
lat.  35°  11' S. 

Gambler,  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Admi- 
sralty  Island.     Lon.  226°  25'  E.  Lat.  57°  23'  N. 

Gambina,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  falls  into  tlie 
Oglio. 

Gamblers  station,  fort,  Tennessee,  12  m.  fr. 
Knox^'ille. 

Gambron.     See  Gombroon. 
Gamrie,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Banff,  on  the  Mo- 
Bay  frith.     Gamrie  Head  is  6  m.  E.  BauflF,  in  lon. 
2°20'W.lat.  57°36N. 

Gamshurst,  v.  Baden,  12  m.  E.  N.E.  Strasburg. 
Gan,  t.  France,   in  Lower  Pyrenees,  4  m.  S. 
Pau,  10  E.  Oleron. 

Gana,  or  Ghana,  city.  Central  Africa,  on  the 
Niger,  cap.  of  a  kingdom  of  the  same  name,  100  m. 
S.  E.  of  Cassina. 

Gananoqufi,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  falls  into  the 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Leeds. 

Ganaroikee,  r.  Up.  Canada,  v/hich  runs  into 
Lake  Ontario.  From  ita  mouth  there  rs  a  portaije 
"f  1 1  miles  to  Rice  Lake. 


Gandersheim,  t.  Brunswick,  in  WolfeabutteJ, 
33  m.  S.  W.  Brunswick. 

Gandia,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Alcoy.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  academy  oi 
sciences.  Pop,  6,300.  28  m.  S.  Valencia,  45  N. 
N.  E.  Alicaiit.    Lon.  0°  19'  W.  Lat.  39°  0'  N. 

Gandicotta,  district.  Hind,  between  14°  and  15^ 
N.  lat.  The  principal  towns  are  Gandicotta,  Ta- 
dimery,  and  Anantapooram.  Gandicotta,  or  IVan- 
dicotta,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Peunar.  Lon.  78* 
29'  E.  Lat.  14°  45'  N. 

Gandino,  t.  Lombardy,  10  m.  N.  E.  Ber^mo. 

Gandolfo.     See  Castel  Gandolfo. 

Gangapursaud,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges.  Lon. 
87°  34' E.  Lat.  25°  12^  N. 

Ganges,  river,  Asia,  Avhich  by  a  recent  survey, 
made  by  order  of  the  British  Indian  government, 
has  been  found  to  rise  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Himma- 
laya  mountains,  between  31°  and  32°  N.  lat.  and 
78°  and  79°  E.  lon„  After  running  for  several  hun- 
dred miles  in  the  mountainous  region  it  escapes  at 
Hurdwar,  and  enters  Hindostan.  Running  S.  E.  it 
is  joined  by  the  Jumna  at  Allahabad,  and  afterwards 
receives  the  addition  of  five  large,  and  an  innumer- 
able number  of  small  rivers.  At  Sooty,  in  lat.  24° 
26'  it  divides:  the  smaller  stream  taking  the  name 
of  Bhagirathi,  passes  by  Calcutta,  and  disem- 
bogues at  Sagor;  the  larger  branch  contin- 
ues its  tortuous  course  under  the  name  of  Pud- 
dah,  till  joined  by  the  mighty  Brahmapootra, 
shortly  after  which  it  enters  the  ocean.  The 
whole  length  of  the  Ganges  is  computed  to  be 
1,500  miles. 

Ganges,  t.  France,  20  m.  N.  Montpelier,  33  W. 
Nismes.     Pop.  3,600. 

Gangoutri,  a  celebrated  place  of  Hindoo  pil- 
grimage, on  the  Ganges,  among  the  Himmalaya 
mountains,  in  the  province  of  Serinagur,  in  the 
N.  of  India.     Lon.  78°  9'  E.  Lat.  31°  4'  N. 

Gangpour,  district  Hind,  in  22°  N.  lat.  Gang- 
pour,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  84°  10'  E.  lat.  23°  4'  N. 

Ganjam,  s-p.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  the  district  of 
Ganjam.  It  is  the  station  of  the  British  civil  es- 
tablishment, consisting  of  a  judge,  collector,  and 
commercial  resident.  Lon.  85°  19'  E.  Lat.  19° 
23'  N. 

Ganjecottah,  fort,  India,  in  the  vicinity  of  Bala- 
pore. 

Gannat,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  22  m.  N.  Cler- 
mont, 36  S.  Moulius.  Lon.  3°  16'  E.  Lat  46°  6' 
N.     Pop.  4,100. 

Gannet  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
New  Zealand.     Lon.  184°  46'  W.  Lat.  37°  57'  S. 

Ganos,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora, 
32  m.  N.  E.  GalUpoli.  Lon.  27°  13'  E.  Lat.  4^ 
48'  N. 

Gap,  t.  France,  cap.  of  the  Upper  Alps,  56  m. 
S.  by  E.  Grenoble,  426  S.  bv  E.  Paris.  Lon.  6°  6 
E.  Lat.  44°  33'  N.     Pop.  8,*600. 

Gap,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Garnhasa.     See  Grahusa. 

Garachinc,  cape,  on  t'ae  coast  of  Darien,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Miguel.  Lon.  78°  14' 
W.  Lat.  8°  7  30'  N. 

Garapo,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  ol 
France,  5  m.  S,  of  Antibes. 

Garb,  el,  province  of  Morocco,  extending  along 
tlie  coast  from  the  straits  of  Gibraltar  to  the  river 
Saboe.  Pop.  200,000.  The  principal  towns  are 
Tangier  and  Larache. 

Garbie,  a  division  of  Lower  Egypt,  compre- 
hending that  part  of  the  Delta  between  the  Nile 
of  Rn-etta  and  the  Nile  of  Damietta, 


GAR 

Gurd,  a  department  of  France,  surrounded  by 
ihe  Mediterranean  and  the  departments  of  the  Lo- 
zere,  the  Ardeche,  the  Rhone,  the  Herault,  and 
the  Aveyron,  Pop.  322,000.  The  Protestant  and 
Catholic  population  is  nearly  equal.  Nismeo  is 
the  capital. 

Gard,  Pont  dii^  a  Roman  aqueduct,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard,  in  France,  joining  two 
mountains,  and  passing  over  the  Gard  or  Gardon. 
Gard,  or  Gardon,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the 
Rhone,  3  m.  above  Beaucaire. 

Garda,  lake,  Austrian  Italy,  between  Bresciano 
and  the  Veronese.     It  is  35  miles   long  and  14 
broad.     It  empties  through  the  Mincio  into  the  Po, 
Garda,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Veronese,  on  the 
ea^t  bank  of  the  lake  of  Garda,  16  ni.  N.  W.  Vero- 
na, 30  N.  Mantua.     Lon.  10°  43'  E.  Lat.  45°  36'  N. 
Gardanc,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Marseilles. 
Gardeleben,  t.  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  30  m. 
N.  Magdeburg,  78  W.  by  N.  Berlin.   Pop.  3,200. 
Lon.  IP  38'  E.  Lat.  52°  38'  N. 

Garden,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 
Lon.  54°  50'  W.  Lat  49°  42'  N. 

Gardenston,  s-p.  Scotland,  8  m.  E.  Banff, 
Gardiner,  p-t.  Kennebeck    co.  Maine,  on  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  opjwsite  Pittstown,  6  m.  S.  .A.ugusta. 
Pop.  1,029.     Here  is  a  bank. 

Gardiner'' s  bay,  large  bay  at  the  E.  end  of  Long- 
Island,  N.  Y.  Lon.  72°  15'  W.  Lat.  41°  3'  N. 
The  entrance  is  between  Gardiner's  island  and 
Plumb  island. 

Gardiner^ s  islu7id,  or  Isk  of  Wight,  isl.  at  the 
end  of  Long-Island,  N.  Y.  annexed  to  Easthamp- 
ton,  Suffolk  CO.  Gardiner's  bay  separates  it  from 
Long-Island,  Shelter  island  and  Southold.  The 
island  is  7  miles  long  including  the  beach.  It  was 
settled  in  1639,  by  Lyon  Gardiner,  and  is  now  the 
property  of  one  of  his  descendants. 

Garding,  t.  Denmark,  28  m.  W.  S.  W.  Sleswick, 
Gardner's  Canal,  inlet,  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  of  the  entrance,  231°  17'  E.  Lat.  53°  35'  N. 

Gardner,  t.    Worcester    co.   Mass.  25  m.  N. 
Worcester,  68  N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  815, 
Gardner's  Island.     See  Anmrgura. 
Gardojie,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  7  m.  N.  Brescia. 
Gareea,  t.  Bengal,  3i  m.  fr.  Sooty. 
Gar-el-Mailah,  s-p.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  4  ni.  W. 
Cape  Zibeeb. 

Garfagnana.     See  Carfagnana. 
Gargano,  Monte,  an  extensive  mountain  tract  on 
the  east  coast  of  Italy,  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples, 
between  41°  30' and  41°  58'  N.  lat. 

Gargano,  Monte,  (the  town.)     See  St.  Angela. 
Gargnano,  t.  Austrian  Italv,  on  the  lake  of  Gar- 
aa,  24  m.  N.  E.  Brescia. 

^  Gargrave,  t.  Ei)g.  in  Yorkshire,  A\  m.  N,  W. 
Skipton. 

Gargunnock,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling,  6  m.  W. 
Stirling. 

Garia  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, 22  m.  E,  Cape  Ray, 

Garigliano,  (an.  Liris)  r,  Naples,  which  falls 
into  the  Tuscan  sea,  in  the  gulf  of  Gaeta,  in  lon, 
13°  45'  E.  and  lat.  41°  15'  N, 

Garland,  p-t,  Penobscot  co,  Maine,  28  m,  N. 
W.  Bangor,     Pop.  236. 

Garlieston,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Wig- 
ton,     Pop.  500, 

Garmouth,  or  Garmach,  v.  Scotland,  in  Moray 
CO,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Spey,  Immense  quanti- 
ties of  wood  are  floated  down  the  -S^ey,  and 
shipped  at  this  place.  Pop.  700.  8  m.  E,  Elgin. 
Lon.  3°  W,  Lat.  67°  39'  N. 


GAS 


275 


Garnachc,  t,  France,  in  La  Vendee,  4  m.  from, 
the  sea,  20  S,W,  Nantes. 

Garner's  ferry,  p-v.  Greene  co.  Geo.     " 
Garnock,  r.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  falls  into  the 
sea  at  Irvine. 

Garmee,  t.  West  Prussia,  9  m.  S.  Marienwerder. 
Garoga  creek,  small  r.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
which  runs  into  the  Mohawk  at  Palatine. 

Garonne,  r.  France,  rises  among  the  Pyrenees, 
and  running  N.  W.  passes  by  Bordeaux,  and  joins 
the  Dordogne  at  Bourg-aur-Mer,  where  it  takes 
the  name  of  the  Gironde. 

Garonne,  Upper,  a  department  in  the  S.  W.  of 
Fmnce,  hounded  S.  by  Spain,  and  W.  by  Upper  Py- 
renees. Extent,  2,840  sq.  miles.  Pop.  367,500,  of 
whom  18,000  are  Protestants.  Toulouse  is  the  cap- 
ital. 

Garrachica,  t.  on  the  island  of  Teneriffe. 
Garrard,  co.  Ken.  on  the  S.  aide  of  Kentucky 
river.     Pop,  9,186.     Slaves,  2,083.     Chief  town, 
Lancaster- 

Garratsville,  p-v,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 
Garraway,  s-p.  Grain  coast  of  Africa,  ^  m.  W. 
Cape  Palmas. 

Garret  Dennis,  isl.  in  the  E,  Pacific,  N.  of  New 
Ireland.    Lon.  151°  25'  E.  Lat.  2°  30'  S, 

Garrows,  a  mountainous  district,  between  25° 
and  26°  N.  lat.  on  the  N,  E.  frontier  of  Bengal. 

Garstang,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancaster  co,  near  the 
Wyer,  11m.  S.  E.  Lancaster.  Lon.  2°  45'  W. 
Lat,  53°  54' N. 

Garston,  t.  Eng,  on  the  Mersey,  6  m.  S.  E.  Liv- 
erpool. 

Gartempe,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Vi- 
enne.     It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels. 

Gnrtow,  t.  Flanover,  48  m.  E,  S.  E.  Luneburg. 
Gartz,  t.  Pomerania,  on  the  Oder,  17  m.  S.  Stet- 
tin, 53  N.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14°  28' E.  Lat.  53°  16' N. 
Garvie,  small  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Forth, 
opposite  Queen' s-ferry. 

Garvie,  r.  Scotland,  in  Ross,  which  joins  the 
Conon. 

Garz,  t.  in  the  island  of  Rugens,  formerly  called 
Careuza,  1 1  m.  E,  Sti-alsund, 

Gasco?iade,  r.  North  America,  which  falls  into 
the  Missouri  from  the  N,  100  m.  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Mississippi,  On  its  banks  is  a  num- 
ber of  saltpetre  caves.  It  can  be  ascended  iu 
small  boats  100  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Gascony,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  in 
the  S.  W.  of  France.  It  now  forms  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Upper  Pyrenees,  Gers,  Landes,  and 
part  of  Lower  Pyrenees,  Upper  Garonne,  and  Lot- 
and-Garonne.  The  Gascons  are  a  spirited  and 
even  a  fiery  race  ;  but  their  habit  of  exaggeration 
in  relating  their  exploits  has  made  the  term  gas- 
conade proverbial. 

Gaspar  Strait,  passage  between  the  islands  of 
Banca  and  Billiton,  connecting  tlie  China  and  the 
Java  seas, 

Gaspe,  a  bay  of  the  district  of  Gaspe,  in  the  gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  lying  betM'een  Cape  Gaspe  and 
Whale  Head.  The  shores  are  lofty,  and  the  set- 
tlers upon  them  are  nearly  all  fishermen, 

Gaspe,  a  district  of  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  its  mouth,  between 
64°  and  66°  30'  W.  Lon.  bounded  E.  by  the  gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  and  S.  by  the  province  of  New- 
Brunswick  and  the  bay  of  Chalears.  Pop.  3,200. 
New  Carlisle  is  the  principal  town. 

Gaspe,  cape  of  Canada,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence.    Lon,  64°  10'  W.     Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

Ga.f/)e,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, 15  m.  e.  W,  by  S.  Quebec. 


276 


GAY 


GEL 


Gaslem,  t.  Austrian  empire,  16  m.  W.  3.  W. 
Rastadt,  36  E.  Saltzburg. 

Gasterthal,  valley  in  the  central  part  of  Swit- 
zerland, at  the  foot  of  Mount  Gemmi. 

Gastuni,  t.  Morea,  opposite  the  island  of  Zante  ; 
12  m.  E.  Chiarenza.     Pop.  3,000. 

Gatn,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Granada. 
Lon.  2°  22'  W. 

Galchina,  t.  Russia,  17  m.  S.  Petersburgh. 

Gatehouse  of  Fleet,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kirkcud- 
bright, on  the  Fleet,  3  m.  from  its  mouth,  101  S.  by 
W.  Edinburgh. 

Gates,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  I^ake  Ontario,  at 
the  mouth  of  Genesee  river  ;  28  ni.  N.  W.  Canftn- 
daigua,  80  E.  iN'iagara  river.  Pop.  462.  It  con- 
tains the  villages  of  Rochestertille  and   Charlotte. 

Gates,  CO.  jN.  C.  bordering  on  Virginia.  Pop. 
r,,965.  Slaves,  2,790.  Chief  town,  Hertford.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Gateshead,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham  co.  forming  a  sub- 
urb to  Newcastle,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
bridge  over  the  Tyne.  It  is  famous  for  its  grind- 
stones, which,  under  the  name  of  Newcastle,  are 
exported  to  different  parts  of  the  world.  Pop. 
8,782.  13  m.  N.  E.  Durham.  Lon.  1°  37'  W. 
Lat.  54°  57'  N. 

Gath,  in  Sac.  Geog.  one  of  the  5  principal  cities 
of  the  Philistines,  and  the  birth-place  of  Goliah, 
32  m.  W.  Jerusalem,  5  fr.  Ekron. 

Gatineau,  fief,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  Lake  St.  Peter,  12  m.  W.  Three-Rivers. 

Gatinois  was  before  tlie  revolution  a  district  of 
France,  divided  into  the  Gatinois  Francois,  and 
Gatinois  Orleannois.  The  former  now  makes  part 
of  the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne,  and 
the  latter  of  the  Loiret  and  Gonne. 

Gaisch,  t.  Hungary,  in  Neograd,  12  m.  E.Kor- 
pona. 

Gattar,  or  Kattar,  s-p.  Arabia,  inLachsa,  on  the 
Persian  gulf,  opposite  Bahrein. 

Gattersleben,  t.  Prussian  states,  28  m.  E.  Halber- 
stadt, 

GattevUlc,  Cap  de,  cape  and  v.  France,  near 
Barfleur. 

Galtinara,  t.  Piedmont.  Pop.  3,650.  6  m.  S. 
Borgo  di  Sesia,  15  m.  N.  Vercelli. 

Gallon,  bor.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  18  m.  S.  London. 

Gallon,  or  Jigaton,  t.  Benin,  in  Africa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  river  Formosa . 

Gnllonside,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Tweed,  opposite 
Melrose. 

Givardo,  or  Guardo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  N. 
E.  Brescia.     Lon.  10°  26'  E.     Lat.  45°  38'  N. 

Gavella,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  9  m.  S.  W.  Adria. 

Garetlo,  s-p.  Algiers,  on  the  gulf  of  Stora,  30  m. 
W.  of  Bona. 

Gavi,  t.  Sardinian  states,  20  m.  N.  Genoa. 

Gaules  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  55°  40'  W.     Lat.  46°  50'  N. 

Gaukg,  r.  Va.  which  enters  the  E.  side  of  the 
Keohawa,  several  miles  above  the  falls, 

Gavray,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  18  m.  N. 
Avranches. 

Gacre,  t.  Netherlands,  9  m.  S.  Ghent. 

Gauritz,r  S.  Africa,risesinthe  rNiemveldtmoun- 
tains,  and  falls  into  the  Indian  ocean.  Lon.  21°  40' 
E.  Lat.  34°  35'  S. 

Gatits.     See  Ghauts. 

Gawelghur,  fort.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  77°  52' 
E,  Lat.  21°  46'  N. 

Gaya,  t.  Portugal,  a  suburb  of  Oporto,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Douro. 


Guyah,  also  called  Boodh  Gayah,  t.  Hind,  in 
Bahar.  It  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  places  of 
Hindoo  Pilgrimage,  having  been  the  birth-place 
of  Boodh.  The  revenue  collected  from  the  pil- 
grims on  account  of  government,  amounts  to  above 
16,000/.  per  annum.  Lon.  85°  5'  E.  Lat.  24° 
49'  N. 

Gayhead,  the  W.  point  of  Martha's- Vineyard 
island.  Lon.  70°  50'  W.  Lat.  41°  20'  N.  The 
peninsula  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  contains  a  set- 
tlement. 

Gaza,  in  Sac.  Geog.  one  of  the  5  principal  cit- 
ies of  the  Philistines,  on  the  S.  border  of  Palestine. 
It  was  assigned  to  the  tribe  of  Judah,  but  they  af- 
terwards lost  possession  of  it. 

Gazypoor,  district.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  bound- 
ed N.  and  E.  by  the  Goggrah,  S.  by  the  Ganges, 
and  W.  by  Joanpore,  Gazypoor,  the  capital,  is  on 
the  Ganges.     Lon.  83°  33'  E.     Lat.  25°  35'  N. 

Gearon.     See  Jaron. 

Geauga,  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth 
of  Grand  river.  Pop.  in  1815,  3,000.  Chief  town, 
Chardon. 

Geba,  country,  W.  Africa,  180  m.  S.  Kacundy, 
on  the  river  Geba,  wliich  falls  into  the  Cacheo,ior 
St.  Domingo. 

Gebal,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Gibyle. 

Gebesee,  t.  Prussian  part  of  Saxony,  near  the 
conflux  of  the  Geraand  the  Unstrut.  Pop.  1,360. 
8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Erfurt.  Lon.  10°  59^  E.  Lat.  51® 
10' N. 

Gebharts,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

Gebi  Zch,  (an,  Lybissa)  i.  Asia  Minor,  25  m.  E. 
S,  E,  Scutare, 

Gebul,  t.  Syria,  20  m.  S.  E.  Aleppo. 

Gebweiler,  t.  France,  14  m.  S.  by  W,  Colmar. 

Gedingooma,  t.  Kaarta,  W.  Africa.  30  m.  N,  W. 
Kemmoo, 

Gcdumah,  country,  Africa,  on  theN.  side  of  the 
Senegal,     Lat.  9°  40'  to  1 1°  20'  Yf. 

Geersberghe.     See  Grammont. 

Geesh,  v.  Abyssinia,  near  the  supposed  source 
of  the  Nile.     Lon.  86°  56'  E.    Lat.  10°  59'  N. 

Gefle,  or  Giawle,  s-p.  Sweden,  on  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Gefle.  Pop.  be- 
tween 5,(K)0  and  6,000.  60  m.  N.  Upsal.  Lon.  17° 
7'  27"  E.     Lat.  60°  39'  30"  N. 

Gejleborg,  government  of  Sweden  according  to 
the  new  division,  situated  between  Dalecarlia  and 
West  Norrland,  and  extending  from  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia  to  the  Norwegian  mountains.  The  capi- 
tal is  Gefle. 

Gefrees,  t.  Bavaria,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bayreuth. 
Lon.  10°  50'  E.     Lat.  50°  5'  N. 

Geil,  r.  which  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  and  falls  into 
the  Drave,  in  Carinthia, 

Geilenkirchen,  t.  Prussian  states,  '8  m.  N.  W 
Juliers.     Lon.  6°  10'  E.     Lat.  50°  27'  N. 

Geisida,  (an.  Gratia,  or  Flaviopolis')  t.  Asia  Mi- 
nor, 60  m.  N.  Angora. 

Geislingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  12  m.  W.  Ulm.  Lon. 
9°  50'  E.     Lat.  48°  34'  N, 

Geissmar,  or  Hof  Geissmar,  t,  Hesse-Cassel,  14 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Cassel,  22  W.  Gottingen.  Lon.  9° 
24'  E.     Lat.  51°  20'  N.  Pop,  2,400. 

Geilhayn,  or  Geithen,  t.  Saxony,  23  m.  S.  S.  E, 
Leipsic,  46  VV.  Dresden.  Lon,  12°  39'  E.  Lat,  51° 
I'N.    Pop.  1,700. 

Gelderland,  Gueldres,  or  Geldern,  a  province  of 
Netherlands,  bounded  N.  E.  by  Overyssel,  S.  E. 
by  Germt..ay,  S.  by  Brabant,  and  W.  by  Utrecht. 
Extent,  2,020  sq.  miles.     Pop.  243,000. 

Gelders,  or  Guelders,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m.  S. 


GEN 


GEN 


277 


S.  E.  Clevea,  and  30  N.  N.  W.  Dusseldorf.     Lon. 
60  19'E.    Lat.  510  30'N. 

Gellah,  or  Coltah,  fortified  place,  Algiers,  86  m. 
E.  Constantina. 

Gelma,  (an.  Calama)  t.  Algiers,  50  m.  E.  Con- 
stantina. 

Gelma,  (an.  Cilma)  t.  Tunis,  84  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Tunis. 

Gelmuyden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  6  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Campen.  Lon.  5°  57'  E.  Lat.  52«> 
40'  N. 

Gelnhausen,  t.  Hesse  Cassel,  near  the  Kinzig. 
The  Bavarians  were  defeated  near  this  by  the 
French  29th  October,  1813;  12  m.  E.  Hanau. 
Lon.  9°  13'  53"  E.     Lat.  50°  13'  25"  N. 

Gemappe,  or  Jemappes,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Hai- 
nault,  near  the  Scheld,  2  m.  fr.  Mons. 

Gemarke,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m.  S.  E.  Dussel- 
dorf.    Pop.  5,000. 

Gemblours,  or  Gembloux,  t.  Netherlands,  in 
f^outh  Brabant.  The  neighbourhood  has  been  the 
scene  of  several  sanguinary  conflicts.  9  m.  N.  W. 
Namur,  30  E.  of  Mons.     Lon.  50°  35'  N. 

Gemertf  large  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant 
Fop.  4,000.  2  m.  N.  Helmont. 

Gemishkhana,  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  the  borders  of 
Armenia,  30  m.  S.  Trebisond. 

Gemlick.,  (an.  Caius,)  t.  Asia  Minor,  at  the  head 
of  the  gulf  of  Modania,  50  m.  S.  E.  Constantino- 
ple. 

Gemona,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Friuli.  Pop. 
2,000.  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Udina.  Lon.  12°  59'  E. 
Lat.  46°  20' N. 

Gemund,  t.  Wirtemberg,  24  m.  E.  Stutgard. 
Lon.  9°  50' E.     Lat.  48°  44'  N.     Pop.  5,500. 

Gemund,  t.  Carinthia,  32  m.  N.  W.  Clagenfurt. 
Lon.  13°  21'  E.     Lat.  46°  50'  N. 

Gemund,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Juliers,  41  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Coblentz.  Lon.  6°  28'  E.  Lat.  50° 
37'  N. 

Gemunden,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Saale  and  the  Maine ;  37  m.  E.  Frankfort,  25  W. 
Schweinfurt.    Lon.  9°  42'  E.     Lat.  50°  9'  N. 

Gem.underi,  t.  Austria,  on  tlie  Traun.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  government  ofiices  for  the  salt  works  in 
that  district.  24  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lintz,  108  W.  S.  W. 
Vienna.  Lon.  13^^  42'  E.  Lat,  47°  50'  N.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Genadil,  rock  in  Nubia,  forming  a  cataract  over 
which  the  Nile  passes  ;  120  m.  S.  S.  W.  Syene. 

Genap,  or  Genappe,  t.  Netliorlands,  in  South 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  memorable  in  the  battles  of 
17th  and  18th  June,  1815.  Pop.  1,200.  5  m.  E. 
Nivelles. 

Genesee,  r.  which  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
flowing  through  New- York,  enters  Lake  Ontario. 
About  40  miles  N.  of  the  Pennsylvania  line,  there 
are  falls  in  the  river,  1  of  60  and  1  of  90  feet,  a  mile 
apart.  At  Rochester  there  are  also  two  falls,  1 
of  96  feet,  and  1,  3  miles  below,  of  75  feet.  At  the 
mouth  is  a  harbor,  and  port  of  entry.  See  Char- 
lotte.    Vessels  ascend  to  the  falls. 

Genesee,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of  Genesee 
river,  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  E.  by  Gen- 
esee river,  which  separates  it  from  Ontario  co.  S. 
by  Alleghany  and  Cataraugus  counties,  and  W. 
by  Niagara  co.  Pop.  12,644.  Chief  town,  Ba- 
tavia. 

Genesee.     See  Batavia,  N.  Y. 
Geneseo,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee  riv- 
er, 25  m.  W.  Canandaigua,  33  S.  Rocliester,  35  E. 
Batavia.     Pop.  894.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church. 


The  flats  on  the  river  are  exceedingly  fertile,  and 
tlie  farms  very  thriving. 

Genes t,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  6  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Laval. 

Genera,  city,  Switzerland,  and  the  capital  of  a 
small  canton,  is  situated  at  the  W.  extremity  of 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  on  the  confines  of  France  and 
Savoy.  The  Rhone  divides  it  into  two  parts.  The 
public  buildings  are  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  the  arse- 
nal, the  college,  the  public  library,  the  hospital, 
the  theatre,  and  the  cathedral.  The  public  libra- 
ry was  founded  at  the  time  of  the  reformation ;  it 
now  contains  50,000  volumes,  and  at  stated  times 
is  open  to  the  public.  Nothing  can  be  more  agree- 
able than  the  environs  of  Geneva,  or  more  mag- 
nificent than  the  prospect  which  it  enjoys.  The 
lake,  the  hills,  the  distant  Alps,  covered  with  eter- 
nal snow,  and  above  all,  Mont  Blanc,  rearing  its 
lofty  head  to  the  clouds,  give  a  wonderful  beauty 
and  sublimity  to  the  prospect.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  22,800.  This  population  would  nat- 
urally place  it  among  European  towns  of  the  third 
or  fourth  rank,  but  it  has  acquired  a  celebrity 
equal  to  that  of  tlie  first  capitals.  It  owes  this 
high  degree  of  reputation  principally  to  its  indus- 
try, and  the  civil  and  religious  habits  and  institu- 
tions of  its  people.  The  great  occupation  of  the 
inhabitants,  is  watch-mal<ing,  which  employs 
nearly  7,000  individuals  ;  and  a  great  part  of  the 
continent  is  supplied  with  watches  from  this  place. 
Education  has  always  been  conducted  here  with 
the  greatest  care.  Here  are  a  public  school  and  a 
university;  the  former  conducted  by  11  masters, 
and  the  university  by  22  professors  ;  the  number 
of  students  is  generally  1,000.  42  m.  N.  Cham- 
bery,  70  N.  E.  Lyons.  Lon.  6°  9'  E.  Lat.  46° 
12'  N. 

Geneva,  a  canton  of  the  Swiss  confederation,  ad- 
mitted in  1814.  It  is  composed  of  the  city  of  Ge- 
neva, and  an  adjacent  territory,  containing  to- 
gether 47,000  inhabitants. 

Geneva,  Lake  of,  a  celebrated  lake  in  the  form 
of  a  crescent,  between  Switzerland  and  Savoy, 
and  occupying  a  part  of  the  great  valley  which 
separates  the  Alps  from  the  Jura  ridge.  Its  length 
is  50  miles  ;  its  greatest  breadth  10.  It  is  never 
frozen,  and  its  water  is  beautifully  clear,  except 
at  the  influx  of  the  muddy  current  of  the  Rhone. 
The  scenery  all  around  is  most  magnificent,  the 
N.  side  being  fertile  and  beautifully  diversified, 
while  the  S.  side  rises  gradually,  until  its  moun- 
tains form  the  highest  of  the  Alpine  range. 

Geneva,  p-v.  in  Seneca,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Seneca  Lake,  near  the  outlet,  16  m, 
E.  Canandaigua,  95  W.  Utica,  192  W.  Albany. 
Geneva  enjoys  an  extensive  trade.  It  contains  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  glass  house,  and  3  churches, 
1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for 
Dutch  Reformed.  Two  newspapers  are  printed 
here. — The  lake  is  here  3  miles  wide.  The  vil- 
lage is  built  with  much  taste  and  beauty  on  its 
bank,  which  is  elevated  50  or  60  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  water,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of 
the  lake,  and  of  the  fertile  and  populous  country 
on  its  borders. 

Geneva,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie, 
10  m.  N.  W.  Jeflerson. 

Genevieve.     See  St.  Genevieve. 
Genevieve  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, in  the  straits  of  Belleisle,  20  m.N.  St.  John's 
bay. 


278 


GEO 


GEO 


Genevois,  a  province  of  Savoy,  bordering  on 
France  and  Geneva.     Pop.  70,000. 

Gengenbach,  t.  Baden,  15  m.  S.  E.  Strasburg. 

Genilo  bridge,  p-v.  Powhattan  co.  Va. 

Gennep,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  9  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Cleves. 

Gennesareth,  Cinneroth,  or  sea  of  Tiberias, 
or  sea  of  Galilee,  lake  of  Palestine.  It  is  17  miles 
long,  and  5  broad.  The  water  is  fresh  and  pota- 
ble. The  country  and  city  of  Gennesareth  is  on 
its  W.  shore,  and  is  fertile  and  pleasant. 

Genoa,  a  maritime  city  in  the  N.  W.  of  Italy, 
once  a  celebrated  republic,  now  the  capital  of  a 
province  of  the  Sardinian  States,  on  the  gulf  of 
Genoa.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  double  wall,  and  is 
a  place  of  great  strength.  When  viewed  from  the 
harbour,  Genoa  and  its  environs  present  the  form 
of  an  amphitheatre.  The  white  buildings,  erec- 
ted on  successive  terraces,  contrasted  with  the  na- 
ked appearance  of  the  Appennines,  give  the  town 
an  air  of  great  magnificence.  The  houses  are  well 
built,  but  the  streets  are  narrow  and  irregular. 
Three  streets,  however,  the  Strada  Balbi,the  Stra- 
da  Nuova,  and  the  Strada  Nuovissima,  are  regu- 
lar and  spacious,  and  contain  the  palaces  of  the 
great  families.  Among  the  public  edifices  are  the 
Palazzo  della  Signora,  the  ancient  residence  of  the 
doge  ;  the  great  hospital,the  cathedral,  and  several 
churches  which  are  regarded  as  masterpieces  of 
architecture.  The  harbour  of  Genoa  is  inclosed  by 
2  strongmoles,  and  can  admit  ships  of  80  guns,  but 
the  entrance  is  difficult.  Genoa  exports  rice  and 
fruit,  and  in  particular  olive  oil,  to  a  great  annual 
value  ;  also  her  own  manufactures,  viz.  silks, 
damasks,  and  velvets ;  for  the  last,  Genoa  has  long 
been  celebrated.  The  yearly  value  of  the  differ- 
.  ent  silk  and  satin  manufactures  is  from  200,000 1,  to 
300,000.  The  chief  business  is  carried  on  under 
foreign  flags,  from  a  dread  of  the  Barbary  corsairs. 
This  city  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  The  estab- 
lished religion  is  Catholic.  Here  are  an  univer- 
"  sity,  an  academv,  and  a  public  library.  Pop. 
76,000.  77  m.  Sl  E.  Turin,  73  S.  Milan,  450  S.  E. 
Paris.     Lon.  8°  58'  E.  Lat.  44°  25'  N. 

Genoa,  the  Territory  of,  a  province  of  the  Sar- 
dinian states,  extending  along  the  shores  of  the 
gulf  of  Genoa.  Extent  6,500  square  miles.  Pop. 
530,000.  It  was  formerly  independent,  but  in 
1815  was  given  to  Sardinia,  by  the  Congress  of  Vi- 
enna. The  city  and  territory,  however,  are 
governed  by  tlieir  own  laws,  preserving  their  sen- 
ate, their  supreme  court  of  justice,  and  provinical 
councils. 

Genoa,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga  lake, 
25  m.  S.  Auburn,  180  W.  Albany.  Pop.  5,425.  It 
is  a  large  township,  and  has  5  houses  of  public 
worship. 

Genoa,  p-t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 

Genoa,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Genoa  Bar,  reef  of  rocks  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ba- 
hama,    Lon.  79°  36'  W.  Lat.  26°  20'  N. 

Gensac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  9  m.  S.  E.  Li- 
bourne. 

Gentiah,  district.  Hind.  N.  E.  of  Bengal,  boun- 
ded on  the  S.  by  Sylhet,  and  N.  by  the  Garrow 
mountains. 

Gentilly,  t.  France,  4  m.  S.  Paris. 

George,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  at  the  W. 
end  of  Loch  Rannoch,  36  m.  N.  W.  Perth. 

George  Fort.     See  Fort  George. 

George,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Kergue- 
len's  land.    Lon.  70°  13'  E.  Lat.  49°  54'  S.    Also 


the  name  of  a  cape  on  the  coast  of  Nowtbundland. 
Lon.  59°  17'  W.  Lat.  48°  28'  N. 

Georg-e,Lafi-c,  a  beautiful  lake,  36  miles  long,  and 
about  2  bioad,  between  Washington  and  Warren 
counties,  N.  Y.  It  lies  S.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
communicates  with  it  by  an  outlet  3  miles  long, 
in  which  distance  the  water  descends  nearly  100 
feet.  The  lake  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains, 
and  is  much  celebrated  for  the  romantic  beauty 
of  its  scenery.  The  water  is  deep,  remarkably 
transparent,  and  abounds  with  the  finest  fish. 
Salmon-trout  are  taken,  weighing  upwards  of  20 
pounds.  There  are  numerous  small  islands  in  the 
lake,on  some  of  which  are  found  chrystals  of  quartz, 
hardly  surpassed  by  any  in  the  world,  for  trans- 
parency and  perfection  of  form.  Lake  George 
was  long  conspicuous  in  the  wars  of  this  country, 
and  several  memorable  battles  were  fought  on  its 
borders.  It  formed  the  most  convenient  connex- 
ion between  Canada  and  the  Hudson,  and  hence 
the  establishment  of  Fort  William  Henry,  in  1755, 
at  the  head  of  the  lake,  and  in  more  recent  times, 
of  Fort  George,  in  its  immediate  vicinity.  The 
remains  of  the  fortifications  are  still  visible.  Lake 
George  is  a  fashionable  resort  in  summer,  in  con- 
nexion with  Ballston  and  Saratoga. 

George,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  S.  E.  side  of 
the  Monongahela,  at  the  mouth  of  George  creek, 
16  m.  S.  W.  Union.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
trade. 

George  Lake.     See  St.  John^s  river,  Florida. 

Georgenburg,  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  35  m.  E.  Til- 
sit. 

George's  tavern,  p-v.  New  Kent  co.  Va,  It  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade. 

Georgesville,  p-v,  Franklin  co,  Ohio,  13  m,  S, 
W,  Columbus. 

Georgetown,  t.  and  cap.  of  Pooloo  Penang,  or 
Prince  of  Wales  island.  Lon,  100°  19'  E,  Lat.  5° 
25'  N. 

Georgetoion,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Kennebec,  at  its  mouth,  separated  from 
Boothbay,  by  Sheepscot  river,  15  m.  S.  W.  Wis- 
casset.  Pop.  1,998.  It  formerly  included  Phips- 
burg. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Sussex  co.  Del.  16  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Lewistown,  103  S.  Philadelphia.  Here 
is  a  bank. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  junction  of  Rock  creek, 
which  separates  it  from  Washington  city,  3  m.  W. 
of  the  Capitol  in  Washington,  8  N.  Alexandria. 
Lon.  77°  5'  W.  Lat.  38°  52'  N.  Pop.  4,948. 
It  contains  5  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for 
Episcopalians,  2  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Pres- 
byterians. The  Roman  Catholics  have  a  college 
here,  established  in  1799,  which  has  2  spacious 
brick  edifices,  finely  situated,  with  a  library  of 
7,000  volumes,  and  about  150  students.  In  1815, 
it  was  raised  by  Congress  to  the  rank  of  an  univer- 
sity, and  authorized  to  confer  degrees.  George- 
town has  considerable  trade.  The  amount  of  ship- 
ping in  1815,  was  6,795  tons. 

Georgetoivn,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  on  the  S.  side  of  Sassafras 
river,  opposite  Frederick,  9  miles  above  its  mouth, 
60  N.'  E  Chester,  65  S.  W.  Philadelphia, 

Georgetown,  district,  S.  G.  Pop.  15,679.  Slaves 
13,867. 


GEO 


GEO 


279 


Georgetown,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  aod  cap.  of 
Georgetown  district,  S.  C.  on  Winyaw  bay,  near 
Uie  mouth  of  the  Pedee,  13  m.  from  the  sea,  60  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Charleston,  134  S.  Fayetteville,  138  S. 
E.  Columbia.  Lon.  79°  19'  W.  Lat.  33°  24'  N. 
Pop.  about  2,000,  of  whom  two  thirds  are  negroes. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  and  4  houses 
of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Epis- 
copalians, 1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Methodists. 
Georgetown  is  well  situated  for  trade.  It  is  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  very  fertile  lands,  and  connec- 
ted by  the  Pedee  and  its  branches  with  an  exten- 
sive back  country ;  but  there  is  a  bar  at  the  mouth 
of  Winyaw  bay  which  prevents  the  entrance  of 
vessels  drawing  more  than  11  feet  water.  The 
amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  was  985  tons. 

Georgetou-n,  t.  Warren  co.  Geo.  on  the  Ogechee, 
35  m.  above  Louisville. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Scott  co.  Ken.  near 
the  mouth  of  Royal  Spring,  a  branch  of  the  North 
Elkton,  14  m.  N.  Lexington.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  bank,  an  academy,  a  Baptist  Church,  a 
printing-office,  and  several  manufactories.  The 
country  around  is  fertile  and  flourishing, 

Georgetown,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Cadiz. 

Georgetown,  p-t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

Georgetown,  t.  S.  America,  formerly  called  Sta- 
brotk,  cap.  of  the  colony  of  Demerara  in  English 
Guiana,  lies  along  the  E.  bank  of  Demerara  river, 
at  its  mouth,  for  about  two  miles,  and  extends 
back  i  a  mile.  Lon.  58°  W.  Lat.  6°  40'  N.  It  is 
a  place  of  considerable  trade.  Pop.  8,500,  of 
whom  5,000  are  whites. 

Georgetown  cross-roads,  p-v.  Kentco.  Md. 

Georgia,  a  country  of  Asia,  between  the  Black 
sea  and  the  Caspir*n,  on  the  frontier  of  Russia  and 
Persia.  It  was  formerly  independent,  but  since 
1801,  has  been  united  to  the  Russian  empire. 
Pop.  320,000.  The  beauty  of  the  females  makes 
them  eagerly  sought  after  to  fill  the  seraglios  of 
the  East.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Christians 
of  the  Greek  communion.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Kur  and  the  Araxes.  Teflis  is  the  cap- 
ital. 

Georgia,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  18  m.  N.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,760. 

Georgia,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N.  by 
Tennessee ;  N.  E.  by  South-Carolina  ;  S.  E.  by 
the  Atlantic  ;  S.  by  Florida,  and  W.  by  Alabama. 
It  extends  from  lat.  30°  20'  to  35°  N.  and  from  lon. 
81°  to  86°  48'  W.  It  is  300  miles  from  N.  to 
S.  and  240  from  E.  to  W.  and  contains  58,000  sq. 
miles,  or  37,120,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1790,  82,548  ; 
in  1800, 162,686;  in  1810,252,433,  of  which  num- 
ber 145,414  were  whites,  107,019  slaves,  and  1,801 
free  blacks.  This  population  is  confined  to  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State.  The  western  part  is  in 
possession  of  the  Indians,  viz.  the  Creeks  and  Cher- 
okees.  The  Indian  country  lately  embraced  more 
than  40,000  square  miles,  or  two  thirds  of  the 
whole  State,  but  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Jackson, 
the  claim  of  the  Creeks  was  extinguished  to  more 
than  1 1 ,0C>0  square  miles  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  State,  including  the  whole  country  below  the 
parallel  of  31°  35'.  The  Creeks  now  own  in  this 
State  about  15,000  square  miles,  lying  on  the  head 
•waters  of  Flint  river,  between  the  Oakmulgee 
and  Chatahoochee  rivers.  The  Cherokees  lately 
possessed  about  16,000  square  miles  in  the  north- 


ern part  of  the  State,  but  in  1819,  they  ceded  a 
large  district  of  it  to  the  U.  States. 

From  the  ocean,  for  the  distance  of  7  miles,  there 
is  a  margin  of  islands  and  marshes,  intersected  by 
rivers,  creeks,  and  inlets,  communicatmg  with 
each  other,  and  forming  an  inland  navigatioa 
for  vessels  of  100  tons,  along  the  whole  coast 
These  sea  islands  consist  of  salt  marsh,  and  of 
a  species  of  land  called  hammock,  which  produ- 
ces the  black  seed  cotton,  of  a  superior  quality. 
A  narrow  margin  on  the  coast  of  the  main,  consists 
also  of  salt  marshes  and  hammock  lands.  Immedi- 
ately back  of  this,  are  the  pine  barrens,  interspers- 
ed with  numerous  inland  swamps.  The  rivers 
and  creeks  have  also  near  their  mouths,  marshy 
lands,  called  brackish  swamps,  and  higher  up, 
river-tide  swamps,  which  are  entirely  fresh. 
Both  of  these,  and  the  salt-marshes,  are  overflow- 
ed partially  or  wholly,  at  the  return  of  the  tide. 
The  pine  barrens  reach  from  60  to  90  miles  from 
the  coast.  Beyond  this  commences  a  country  of  sand 
hills,  from  30  to  40  miles  wide,  interspersed  with 
fertile  tracts,and  extending  to  the  falls  of  the  rivers. 
The  part  of  the  State  above  the  falls  of  the  rivers, 
is  called  the  Upper  country,  and  has  generally  a 
strong,  fertile  soil.  Cotton  is  the  principal  pro- 
duction of  Georgia.  It  is  of  two  kinds ;  the  black 
seed,  or  sea-island,  and  the  green  seed,  or  upland. 
Rice  is  extensively  cultivated  in  the  swamps  ot 
the  low  country.  The  fruits  are  figs,  oranges, 
melons,  pomegranates,  olives,  lemons,  &c.  The 
forests  afford  fine  timber,  chiefly  oak  and  pine,  for 
exportation. 

The  principal  islands  on  the  coast  are  Tybee, 
Ossabaw,  St.  Cathai'ine,  Sapelo,  St.  Simon's,  and 
Cumberland.  The  principal  rivers  are  Savannah, 
Ogechee,  Alatamalia,  Satilla,  St.  Mary's,  Flint, 
Chatahoochee,  Coosa,  Oconee,  and  Oakmulgee. 
Savannah  and  Darien  are  the  principal  ports. 
Milledgeville  is  the  seat  of  government.  The  other 
principal  towns  are  Augusta,  Sunbury,  St.  Mary's, 
Petersburg,  and  Athens. 

The  university  of  Georgia  consists  of  a  college, 
called  Franklin  college,  established  at  Athens,  and 
of  an  academy,  either  established  or  to  be  estab- 
lished in  each  county.  This  body  of  institutions 
is  under  the  direction  of  a  Senatus  Academicus, 
consisting  of  the  Governor  and  Senate  of  the  State, 
and  15  trustees.  The  senatus  academicus  ap- 
points a  board  of  commissioners  in  each  county,  to 
superintend  the  academy  of  the  county  and  the  in- 
ferior schools.  In  1817,  $200,000  were  appro- 
priated by  the  Legislature  for  the  establishment 
of  free  schools  throughout  the  State.  For  judi- 
cial purposes,  the  state  is  divided  into  four  dis- 
tricts, Eastern,  Middle,  Western,  and  Southern. 
The  Baptists  and  Methodists  are  much  the  most 
numerous  religious  denominations.  The  Legisla- 
lature  consists  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives, chosen  annually  by  counties.  The  govern- 
or is  chosen  for  two  years. 

In  1817,  Georgia  was  the  sixth  State  in  the  Un- 
ion in  the  value  of  her  exports.  The  amount 
was  $8,790,714,  and  consisted  almost  wholly  ot 
domestic  produce.  The  staple  of  the  State  is  cot- 
ton. The  amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  was  onlv 
15,590  tons. 

Georgia,  Gulf  of,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  betweeii 
the  continent  of  N.  America,  and  Quadra  and  Van 
couver's  island. 


11. 


280 


G  E  R 


G  E  R 


Georgia,  Kew,  or  South  Georgia,  a  desolate  isl- 
and in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  90  miles  long,  and  30 
broad.     Lon.  37°  W.  Lat.  54°  30'  S. 

Georgian  islands,  a  name  given  to  four  of  the 
Society  islands,  viz.  Otalieite,  Eimeo,  Tetaroa,  and 
Tapuamanu.     See  Society  islands. 

Gery  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  6  m.  N.  E.  Mor- 
tain. 

Gera,  a  lordship  of  Germany,  now  belonging  to 
the  family  of  Reuss,  extent  157  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
22,800. 

Gera,  r.  Saxony,  virhich  falls  into  the  Unstriit,  6 
m.  N.  Erfurt. 

Gera,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  a  district  belonging  to 
the  counts  of  Reuss,  on  the  White  Elster.  Pop. 
7,500.  30  m.  S.  S.  VV.  Leipsic,  and  68  W.  Dres- 
den. 

Gerardmer,  t.  France,  10  m.  S.  E.  Bruyeres. 

Gerau,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  8  mv  W.  N.  W. 
Darmstadt. 

Gerberois,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  W.  Beauvais. 

Gerbstadl,  t.  Prussian  states,  30  m.  S.  W.  Des- 
sau, 36  S.  Magdeberg.  Lon.  11°  47' E.  Lat.  51° 
40'  N.     Pop.  2,400. 

Gerdauen,  t.  E.  Prussia,  30  m.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 
Lon.  21°  27'  E.     Lat.  54°  16'  N. 

Gerenna,  t.  Spain,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Seville. 

Gergeau.     See  Jargeau. 

Gergesmarkt,  t  Transylvania,  on  the  Alt,  18  m. 
_W.N.  W.  Hermannstadt. 

Gergong,  or  Ghergong,  city,  and  formerly  cap. 
of  Assam,  on  the  Deckhow  river,  one  of  the  branch- 
es of  the  Brahmapootra.  Lon.  94°  40'  E.  Lat.  26° 
65'  N. 

Gerina,  or  Cerina,  t.  Cyprus,  on  the  N.  coast, 
16  m.  N.N.  W.Nicosia. 

Geringswalda,  t.  Saxony,  23  m.  S.  S.  E.  Leipsic, 
40  W.  Dresden. 

Gerizzim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  hill  in  the  Mount- 
Ephraim  range.  A  valley  separates  it  from 
Mount  l!haL 

Germa,  t.  Fezzan,  50  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mourgouk. 

German,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  W.  Nor- 
wich, 1 15  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,519. 

German,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,079. 

German,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  650. 

German,  t.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Missouri. 

German  coast,  district,  Louisiana,  comprising 
the  parishes  St.  Charles  and  St.  Jean  Baptist. 
Pop.  6,281. 

German  flats,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Mohawk,  5  m.  S.  Herkimer,  75  W.  Al- 
bany. Pop.  2,228.  In  this  town  stood  Fort  Her- 
kimer, mentioned  in  the  history  of  American  wars. 
The  German  flats  is  an  extensive  tract  of  alluvial 
land,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mohawk,  in  this  town 
and  in  Herkimer.  Though  it  has  been  cultivated 
nearly  100  years,  it  has  lost  none  of  its  fertility. 

German  Ocean,  or  JVorth  Sea,  an  extensive  sea 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Europe,  bounded  S.  by  the 
straits  of  Calais,  and  N.  by  the  Orkney  and  Shet- 
land islands.  The  fisheries  are  extensive,  as  well 
on  the  Dogger  Bank,  as  on  the  shores  of  Britain, 
Holland,  Denmark,  and  Norway  ;  they  are  still 
greater  at  its  northern  extremity,  in  the  direction 
of  the  Orkney  and  Shetland  islands. 

Germantou-n,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson 
river,  12  m.  below  Hudson.  Pop.  690.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  1  for  Lutherans,  and  1  for  Pres- 
byterians. 

Gertnanfoifv,  p-t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  6  m.  N. 


Philadelphia.  Pop.  4,243.  It  contains  4  housej 
of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Ger- 
man Calvinists,  1  for  Lutherans,  and  1  for  Friends. 
The  houses  are  chiefly  of  stone,  some  of  them  large 
and  elegant,  and  built  principally  on  one  street, 
about  2  miles  in  length.  The  inhabitants  are  most- 
ly Germans  and  Dutch.  Here  is  the  principal 
congregation  of  the  Menonists,  and  tlie  mother  of 
that  sect  in  America.  The  battle  of  Germantowu 
was  fought  here  on  the  4th  Oct.  1777. 

Germantownt  p-t.  Hyde  co.  N.  C.  on  a  bay  in 
Pamlico  Sound. 

Germantown,  p-t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  on  the  Town 
fork  of  the  Dan.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  about  40  houses. 

Germantown,  t.  Bracken  co.  Ken. 

Germantown,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  13  m.  S. 
Dayton. 

Germany,  country,  Europe,  bounded  N.  by 
Denmark  and  the  Baltic,  E.  by  Poland,  S.  by  Hun- 
gary and  Italy,  and  W.  by  Switzerland,  France, 
and  the  Netherlands.  It  is  650  miles  from  N.  to 
S.  600  from  E.  to  W.  and  contains  220,000  square 
miles.  The  northern  part  is  a  flat  country. 
Southern  Germany  is  more  diversified,  consisting 
in  part  of  extensive  plains,  but  traversed  also  by 
vast  ranges  of  mountains.  Few  countries  arc 
more  fortunate  in  great  rivers,  it  being  computed 
that  no  less  than  60  are  navigable  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, while  six,  viz.  the  Danube,  the  Rhine,  the 
Maine,  the  Weser,  the  Elbe,  and  the  Oder,  rank 
among  the  noblest  and  largest  in  Europe.  The 
climate  is  healthy.  The  soil  is  various  ;  sandy 
plains  and  barren  heaths  abound  in  the  N.  E. 
swamps  and  marshes  in  the  N.  W. ;  but  many  of 
the  interior  and  S.  W.  parts  are  uncommonly  fer- 
tile. 

No  language  in  Europe  is  spoken  by  so  great  a 
population  as  the  German;  it  is  current  not  only 
in  Germany,  but  in  part  of  France,  Switzerland 
and  Hungary ;  in  Livonia,  Esthonia  and  Cour- 
land. — There  are  21  universities,  of  which  13  are 
Protestant,  6  Catholic,  and  2  partly  Catholic  and 
partly  Protestant.  The  total  number  of  students 
at  these  seminaries  is  between  8,000  and  9,000 ; 
Gottingen  is  the  most  numerously  attended,  hav- 
ing above  a  tenth  of  the  whole.  Gottingen,  Halle, 
Jena,  and  recently  the  university  of  Heidelberg, 
are  allowed  to  stand  in  the  first  rank.  The  num- 
bers of  the  various  religious  denominations  are 
as  follows:  Catholics  15,000,000,  Lutherans 
12,000,000,  Calvinists  2,200,000,  Jews  183,000, 
Hernhuttei-s  25,000,  Greek  church  14,000. 

Germany  was  formerly  an  empire,  and  consist- 
ed of  above  300  secular  and  ecclesiastical  princes, 
each  independent  in  the  administration  of  his 
own  territory,  but  subject  to  the  emperor  as  head 
of  the  empire.  It  was  divided  into  10  circles : 
Austria,  Burgundy,  Upper  Rhine,  Lower  Rhine, 
Franconia,  Bavaria,  Swabia,  Westphalia,  Upper 
Saxony  and  Lower  Saxony.  During  the  late  wars 
in  Europe,  the  empire  was  dissolved,  and  the  num- 
ber of  independent  principalities  reduced  from 
300  to  little  more  than  30.  In  1815,  a  new  con- 
federation was  formed,  called  '  the  confederation 
of  the  sovereigns  and  free  towns  of  Germany.' 
The  names  of  the  States,  the  number  of  votes  to 
which  each  is  entitled  in  the  general  assembly, 
and  the  revenue  and  population  of  each  are  given 
in  the  following  table  : 


G  E  R 


G  E  S 


281 


S! 

Population 

Pvevenue 

i^^^m 

? 

from    the 

computed  in 

Igjgmjuf 

t 

official  re- 

Pounds ster- 

W^ 

."> 

turn  181S. 

ling. 

puslrian    dominions 

Fin  Germany, 

4 

9,482,227 

L.  6,370,000 

Prussian    dominions 

in  Germany, 

4 

7,923,439 

4,300,000 

Saxony,  kingdom, 

4 

1,200,000 

850,000 

Bavaria, 

4 

3,560,000 

1,800,000 

Hanover, 

4 

1,305,351 

900,000 

Wirtemberg, 

4 

1,395,463 

1,000,000 

Baden,  grand  duchy, 

3 

1,000,000 

550,000 

Hesse-Cassel, 

3 

540,000 

380,000 

Hesse  Darmstadt, 

3 

619,500 

370,000 

Holstein  and  Lauen- 

burg, 

3 

360,000 

200,000 

Luxemburg,     - 

3 

214,058 

120,000 

Brunswick, 

2 

209,600 

180,000 

Mecklenburg- 

Schwerin, 

2 

358,000 

150.000 

Nassau, 

2 

302,767 

176;000 

Saxe-VVeimar, 

1 

201,000 

150,000 

Saxe-Gotha,  duchy, 

185,682 

150,000 

Saxe-Cobourg,     - 

80,012 

55,000 

Saxe-Meinungen, 

54,400 

35,000 

Saxe-Hildburghau- 

sen. 

29,706 

20,000 

Mecklenb  urg-  Stre- 

litz,         -         - 

71,769 

50,000 

Oldenburg, 

217,769 

150,000 

Anhalt-Dessau, 

52,947 

60,000 

Anhalt-Bernburg, 

37,046 

30,000 

Anhalt-Kothen,     - 

1 

32,454 

23,000 

Schwartzburg-Son- 

dershausen, 

J 

45,117 

25,000 

Schwartzburg-Ru- 

dolstadt. 

53,937 

22,000 

HohenzoUern- Hech- 

ingen,         -       - 

14,^00 

80,000 

Lichtenstein,     - 

5,546 

3,000 

HohenzoUern-Sig- 

maringen, 

35,560 

30,000 

Waldeck, 

51,877 

40.000 

Reuss-Greitz,      - 

22,255 

13,000 

Reuss-Lobenstein, 

52,205 

29,000 

Hesse-Homburg, 

20,000 

17,000 

Schaueubu  rg-Lippe, 

24,0;j0 

18,000 

Lippe-Detmold, 

69,062 

50,000 

The  free  town  of  Lu- 

beck. 

40,650 

30,000 

—  Frankfort,      - 

47,850 

60,000 

—  Bremen, 

48,500 

40,000 

—  Hamburgh,     - 

129,800 

120,000 

1 

69 

30,094,050 

L.18,646,000 

f 


The  diet  is  permanent,  and  the  sessions  are  held 
at  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  In  all  ordinary  con- 
cerns, the  eleven  larger  states  are  each  entitled 
to  one  vote,  and  the  smaller  states  are  divided  into 
six  classes,  and  each  class  has  one  vote.  But  when 
fundamental  laws  are  to  be  enacted,  and  in  some 
other  questions  of  prime  importance,  the  diet  re- 
solves itself  into  the  general  assembly,  in  which 
each  state  has  the  number  of  votes  mentioned  in 
the  table.  The  military  contingent  of  the  federa- 
tive body,  in  time  of  {^eace  is  120,000  men,  of 
whom  96,(KX)  are  infantry,  18,000  cavalry,  and 
6,000  artillery.  In  war,lhe  contingent  is  one  in  100 
thp  popiiJation,  making  a  totrdof  301,000,with 


a  reserve  force  of  one  in  200. — The  great  fortres- 
ses essential  to  the  defence  of  the  empire  inMentz, 
Luxemberg,  and  Landau,  are  declared  to  belong 
to  the  conliederation.  Germersheim,  important 
as  commanding  the  passage  of  the  Rhine,  is  to  be 
made  a  place  of  great  strength ;  also  Hombui^, 
between  Luxemburg  and  Landau.  Ulm  is  like- 
wise to  be  made  a  fortress  of  the  first  rank,  and 
the  sum  of  800,000/.  was  voted  by  the  diet  in  1818 
for  completing  its  fortifications. 

Germany,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  788. 

Germersheim,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine, 
at  the  conflux  of  the  Queich  and  the  Rhine.  It 
is  at  present  (1819)  a  place  of  strength,  but  its 
fortifications  are  about  to  be  greatly  increased,  the 
diet  of  Frankfort  having  fixed  on  it  as  one  of  the 
bulwarks  of  the  empire,  and  appn^riated  600,000/. 
sterling  for  additional  works.  Pop.  1,500.  5  m. 
S.  Spire,  8  S.  Manheim.  Lon.  8°  25'  E.  Lat.  49° 
12'  N. 

Germunderyd,  small  place,  Sweden,  in  West 
Gothland,  the  birth-place  of  Catherine  I.  of  Rus- 
sia. 

Gemroda,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Bernburg. 
25;m.  W.  Bernburg.  Lon.  11-  20' E.  Lat.  51^  45'  N. 

Gemsheim,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt.  Pop.  2,250. 
18  ra.  S.  S.  E.  Mentz,  27  W.  N.  W.  Heidelberg. 

Gemspach,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Murg,  4  m.  E.  Ba- 
den. 

Geron  Point,  cane,  on  the  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon. 
5°  50'  W.  Lat.  55°  5'  N. 

Gerona,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Omhar  and  the  Ter,  famous  in  his- 
tory for  vai-ious  sieges  and  obstinate  defences. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.  40  m.  S.  Perpignan,  47  N.  E. 
Barcelona.  Lon.  of  the  cathedral,  2°  29'  34"  E. 
Lat.  41°  59'  21"  N.     Pop.  14,000. 

Gerry,  Mass.     See  Phillipslon. 

Gerry,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

Gers,  a  department  in  the  S.  W.  of  France,  be- 
tween the  departments  of  the  Upper  Garonne 
and  the  Landes.  Extent,  2,620  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
286,500. 

Gers,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Garonne, 
3  m.  S.  E.  Agen. 

Gersau,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Schweitz,  on  lake 
Lucerne. 

Gersdorf,  v.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  the  Erz- 
gebivge,  near  Rosswein.  In  the  neighbourhood 
is  a  silver  mine. 

Gersdorf,  v.  Saxony,  E.  of  Lutzen,  and  the 
scene  of  an  action  between  the  French  and  allies, 
5th  May,  1813. 

Gertruydenberg,  a  strongly  fortified  t.  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  on  the  arm  of  the  sea 
called  the  Biesbosch,  10  m.  S.  E.  Dort,  7  N.  E. 
Breda.     Lon.  4°  51'  54"  E.  Lat.  51°  42'  o  N. 

Gesecke,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  9  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Lippstadt. 

Geserich,  lake,  W.  Prussia,  extending  from 
Deutsch  Eylau  to  Saalfeld,  18  miles. 

Geshur,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country,  E.  of  the  Jor- 
dan, inhabited  by  Canaanites.  It  is  also  the  name 
of  a  country  in  the  S.  part  of  Palestine,  near  Phi- 
listia;  also,  a  place  in  Syria,  governed  by  a  king, 
whose  daughter  David  married. 

Gesigo  Point,  cape,  Ireland.  Lon.  8°  33'  W. 
Lat.  54°  22'  N. 

Gesfricia,  province,  Sweden,  forming  a  part  of 
the  modern  government  of  Getleborg.  Extent, 
1,240  sq.  miies.  Pop.  27.0^)0.  The  chief  town 
is  Gefle. 


36 


G  H  1 


G  I  B 


Gesualdo,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Ultra,  14 
m.  N.  VV.  Conza. 

Getafe,  t.  Spain,  6  m.  fr.  Madrid,  on  the  road  to 
Toledo. 

Getlisemmie,  in  Sac.  Geog.  v.  Palestine,  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Olivet,  separated  Irom  Jerusalem, 
by  the  brook  Kedron. 

Gettysburg,  p-t.  and  cap,  Adams  co.  Pa.  on 
Rock  creek,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Monocacy, 
36  ra.  from  Williamsport,  (Md.)  118  W.  Phila- 
delphia. The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house 
and  jail,  and  a  bank. 

Gecrai,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  Dijon. 

Gewicz,  t.  Moravia,  24  m.  W.  Olmutz.  Lon. 
16°  35'  E.  Lat.  49°  45'  N. 

G&r,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  10  m.  N.  W.  Geneva. 

Gei/er,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  the  Erzge- 
fcirge,  28  m.  S.  W.  Freyburg. 

Geyier.     See  Iceland. 

Geysingett,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Danube,  Ifi  m.  N, 
Schaffhausen. 

Gezan,  or  Dsjtsan,  s-p.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  175 
m.  N.  W.  Sana. 

Gezer,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  town  of  the  Levites,  on 
the  W.  border  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  of  "which 
tli<  Canaanites  long  retained  possession. 

Ghaleflia,S'Y).  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  20  m.  S.  Ho- 
dcida. 

Ghana.     See  Gana. 

Ghauts,  mountains,  which  run  nearly  N.  and 
S.  through  the  peninsula  of  [ndia,  along  the  west 
'joast  from  Surat  to  Cape  Coniorin.  The  western 
side  is  the  highest,  and  is  computed  to  be  between 
3,000  and  4,000  feet  above  the  sea.  On  this  side, 
there  are  very  extensive  forests  of  teak  timber, 
extremely  valuable  for  ship-building. 

Ghedi,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  S.  Brescia. 

Gheelen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Antwerp,  on  the 
Nethe,  1 1  m.  S.  Turnhout.     Pop.  7,000. 

Gheep,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between  32° 
and  33°  N.  lat.  Its  principal  towns  are  Pirhala 
and  Varsha. 

Ghent,  a  large  city,  Netherlands,  cap.  of  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Lys.  Several  navigable  canals  divide  the  town 
into  26  islands.  The  streets  are  in  general  wide 
and  straight.  The  houses  are  large,  but  not  ele- 
gant. Among  the  objects  of  curiosity  are  the  ca- 
thedral, distinguished  lor  the  splendour  and  rich- 
ness of  its  interior  ;  the  town-hall,  the  public  li- 
brary, the  beautiful  botanic  garden,  the  ramparts, 
and  the  numerous  public  walks.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  lace  of  great  fineness,  cotton, 
linen,  silk,  and  woollens.  The  great  branch  is 
cotton  weaving.  Plere  are  academies  for  draw- 
ing, architecture,  and  the  fine  arts,  and  a  provin- 
cial college,  which,  in  1816,  was  constituted  one 
of  the  throe  universities  of  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands.  Ghent  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  A 
treaty  of  peace  between  Britain  and  America, 
was  signed  here  in  December,  1814.  30  m.  S.  W. 
Antwerp,  35  N.  Lille.  Lon.  3°  43"  50'  E.  Lat. 
SIC'  3'  21"  N.     Pop.  61,000. 

Ghent,  p-t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  op- 
posite Vevay. 

Gheriah,  fort,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  on  a 
promontory,   noar  the  entrance  of  a  capacious 
harbor.     Lon.  73°  6'E.  Lat.  16  °32'  N. 
Gherma.     See  Gerina. 
Ghesan.     See  Gezan. 

Ghiddore,  t.  Bengal,  in  Monghir.  Lon.  8G°  18' 
r.  Lat.  ,24°  50' N. 

CrJ-^fn-p.^  province,  P^^?-"u  PxfpndiDg  upwTr<3?  of 


200  miles  along  the  S.  W.  shore  of  the  Caspraa  sea, 
Reshd  is  the  chief  town.     Pop.  50,000  families. 

Ghinala,  country  W.  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Rio  Grande. 

Ghistel,  t.  Netherlands,  5  m.  S.  Ostend. 

Ghivira,  t.  Italy,  34  m.  N,  N.  W.  Milan. 

Ghizne,  or  Zabnl,  district,  Afghanistan,  be- 
tween 33°  and  34"  N.  lat.  and  between  68°  and 
69°  E.  lon. 

Ghizne,  city,  Afghanistan,  once  the  capital  of  a 
powerful  empire,  but  now  scarcely  retains  a  ves- 
tige of  its  former  grandeur.  Lon.  68°  28'  E.  Lat, 
33°  36'  N. 

GholsonciUe,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Ghoraghaut,  city,  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  (£ 
the  Curruttya  river.  Lon.  89°  25'  E.  Lat.  25° 
13' N. 

Ghoraghaut,  fort.  Hind,  in  Gujerat. 

Ghore,  city,  Afghanistan,  Lon.  67°  48'  E.  Lat 
35°  45'  N. 

Ghumithhhaua.     See  G emishkhana. 

Ghx.nfude,  s-p.  Hcdsjas,  in  Arabia,  145  m.  S. 
Mecca. 

Ghur  Mokhtesir,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Gan- 
ges.    Lon.  78°  2'  E.  Lat.  28°  50'  N . 

Ghurka,  city.  Hind,  now  called  Aurungabad. 
It  was  once  the  capital  of  the  Deccan.  Although 
it  has  lost  much  of  its  ancient  splendour,  it  has  still 
a  very  extensive  market  place  or  bazar,  and  there 
are  some  magnificent  ruins,  particularly  the  pal- 
ace and  gardens  of  Aurungzebe.  Lon.  76°  3'  E 
Lat.  19°  46'  N. 

Ghyretty,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  16  m.  N. 
Calcutta. 

Giabbar,  fort,  A.  Turkey,  120  m.  S.  S.  W.  Diar- 
bckir. 

Giaduroginissa.     See  Calderone. 

Giant  of  the  valley,  mt.  in  Elizabethtown,  Essex 
CO.  N.  Y.  Its  summit  is  about  1,200  feet  above  the 
plain,  and  commands  an  extensive  view  of  Lake 
Champlain  and  its  shores. 

Giant's  Causeivay,  promontory  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Ireland.  It  is  formed  of  a  vast  quantity  of  ba- 
saltic columns,  which  run  out  a  great  way  into 
the  sea. 

Gianutti,  small  isl.  in  the  Tuscan  sea,  9  m.  fr. 
Stato  de  Presidii. 

Giaritchas,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas,  S. 
E.  of  the  island  of  Gilolo.  Lon.  127°  18'  E.  Lat. 
0°3'N. 

Giarenno,  t.  Piedmont,  17  m.  W.  Turin,  17  E. 
by  S.  Susa.     Pop.  7,500. 

Gibbtthon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  Philistines  in 
the  limits  of  the  tribe  of  Dan. 

Gibbonsville,  v.  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y. 

Gibeuh,  or  Gibeath,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe 
of  Benjamin,  the  birth-place  of  Saul. 

Gibel  el  Tor,  mt.     See  Tabor. 

Gibeon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Benja- 
min, a  little  N.  of  Gibeah.  It  is  famous  for  the 
fraud  which  its  inhabitants  practised  on  the  Is- 
raelites. 

Gibichenstein,  v.  Prussian  states,  in  the  duchj 
of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Saale,  1  m.  N.  Halle. 

Gihraleon,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  44  m.  W.  Se- 
ville.    Pop.  2,800. 

Gibraltar,  a  well  known  promontory  in  the  S.  of 
Spain,  on  the  straits  which  connect  the  Atlantic 
with  the  Mediterranean.  It  consists  of  a  great 
rocky  mountain,  running  from  N.  to  S.  about  3 
miles  long,  from  a  half  a  mile  to  three-fourths 
wide,  and  from  1,200  to  1,400  feet  high.  On  the 
N.  side  is  an  isthmus,  about  1  ^  miles  long,  and  half 


G  I  G 

as  much  broad,  which  connects  this  \'a3t  mass  of 
rock  with  the  continent.  The  N.  front  of  the 
rock  is  almost  perpendicular ;  the  E.  side  is  full  of 
frightful  precipices ;  while  the  S.  being  narrow 
and  abrupt,  presents  hardly  any  possibility  of  ap- 
proach. On  none  of  tliese  sides  has  this  tremen- 
dous mass  ever  been  attacked.  The  VV.  front  is 
almost  as  abrupt  as  the  others,  but  on  this  side  it  is 
most  vulnerable,  and  here  are  the  great  batteries 
and  works  of  defence.  The  importance  of  Gib- 
raltar arises  chiefly  from  its  bay,  which  is  of  great 
extent,  and  forms  a  convenient  naval  station,  being 
protected  from  the  more  dangerous  winds.  Gib- 
raltar was  first  fortified  in  the  modern  style  in  the 
reign  of  the  emperor  Charles  V.  It  was  taken  by 
the  English  in  1704  ;  it  has  since  been  repeatedly 
besieged  (first  in  1705,  next  in  1727,  and  lastly  in 
1779,)  but  always  without  success.  The  town  of 
Gibraltar  stands  at  the  foot  of  the  promontory,  on 
the  N.  W.  side.  The  population,  exclusive  of  the 
garrison,  is  above  12,000,  partly  British,  partly 
Spaniards,  Italians,  Jews,  and  even  Moors,  all  at- 
tracted by  mercantile  enterprise.  The  trade  ol 
the  place  embraces  a  great  variety  of  articles. 
The  support  of  this  post  is  very  expensive  to  Great 
Britain.  Excavations  of  great  extent  have  been 
made  by  gunjx)wder,  to  establish  communications 
between  the  different  posts,  and  enable  them  to  be 
relieved  without  a  loss  of  lives  from  the  enemy's 
tire.  16  m.  N.  Ceuta,  70  S.  Seville.  Lon.  5°  19' 
4"  W.  Lat.  36°  6'  42"  N. 

Gibraltar,  Straits  of,  connect  the  Atlantic  with 
the  Mediterranean.  The  narrowest  part  (15 
miles  across)  is  about  8  m.  W.  of  Gibraltar. 

Gibraltar,  St  Antonio  de,  t. Caraccas.  Lon.  70*^ 
37' W.  Lat.  9°  11' N. 

Gibson,  p-t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

Gibson,  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1815,  5,320.     Chief  town,  Princeton. 

Gibson,  t.  Washington  co.  Indiana. 

Gibson  port.     See  Port  Gibson. 

Gibson^s  creek,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which 
runs  into  the  N.  side  of  the  Missouri,  in  lon.  106° 
30'  W.  lat.  47°  N. 

Gibsoti's  store,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

Gibyle,  s-p.  Tripoli,  called  in  Scripture  Gebal, 
and  by  the  Greeks  Byblos,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Je- 
bilee,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.' Tripoli. 

Gicn,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  38  m.  S.  E.  Or- 
leans.    Lon.  2^3  42'  E.  Lat  47°  41'  N.  Pop.  5,150. 

Giengen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Brentz,  28  m. 
N.  W.  of  Augsburg.  Lon.  10°  13'  E.  Lat.  48*^  45' 
N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Giens,  peninsula,  on  the  coast  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var,  occupied  as  a  military  sta- 
tion.    Lon.  6°  7'  45"  E.  Lat.  43°  3'  10"  N. 

Gientofte,  v.  Denmark,  a  little  N.  Copenhagen. 

Gierace^  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  34  m.  E. 
X.  E.  Reggio.  Lon.  16°  30"  E.  Lat.  38°  6'  N. 
Pop.  6,(.»00. 

(jicsscn,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  between  the  Lahn 
and  the  Wiesek.  A  university  was  founded  here 
in  1607.  Pop.  7,700.  6  m.  E.  Wetzlar,  36  N.  E. 
Mentz.     Lon.  8°  43'  E.     Lat.  50°  2,5'  N. 

Giessenheim,  small  isl.  in  the  Rhine,  op{)osite 
Haguenau. 

Gifhorn,  t.  Hanover,  inLuneburg,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Ise  into  the  Aller,  11  m.  N.  Brunswick. 

Giggleswick,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  N.  W. 
Settle.'   Pop.  647. 

Gt^Aa,  isl.  one  of  the  Hebrides.  Pop.  850.  Lon. 
5°  43'  W.    Lat.  55°  44'  N. 

GigliOj  hola  di,  isl.  Tnscany,  14  or  15  m.  from 


G  I  L 


283 


the  isthmus  of  Monte  Argentaro,  17  W.  Porto  Er- 
cale.     Lon.  10°  55'  E.     Lat.  42°  24'  N. 

Gignac,  t.  France,  on  the  Herault,  14  m.  E.  S- 
E.  Lodeve.     Lon.  3°  38'  E.  Lat.  43°  49'  N. 

Gihon,  or  Siloa,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  brook  on  the 
W.  side  of  Jerusalem,  running  into  the  Dead  soa. 
Gihon  is  also  the  name  of  one  of  the  4riVersof 
Paradise.      See  Jihon. 

Gijon,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Asturia.  The  harbour  is 
very  good,  and  is  the  most  frequented  in  the  prov- 
ince. Here  is  a  school  for  navigation,  mineralo- 
gy and  mathematics ;  18  m.  N.  Oviedo.  Lon.  5*^ 
44'  47"  W.  Lat.  43°  35'  19"  N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Gila,  Rio,  r.  New  Spain,  which  runs  into  the 
gulfof  Calilbrnia,  just  below  the  Colorado,  in  33^ 
N.  lat.  Length,  60(J  miles. 

Gilboa,  in  Sac.  Geog.  m-t.  in  the  tribe  of  Issa- 
char,  on  which  Saul  was  slain,  60  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Gilead,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  ridge  of  mountains  on 
the  E.  side  of  Jordan,  extending  from  Mount  Leb- 
anon to  the  coantry  of  Moab. — The  province  of 
Gilead  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  Bashan  and  Ar- 
gob  ;  but  Gilead  is  also  used  in  a  larger  sense,  and 
comprehends  the  whole  country  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Jordan,  afterwards  called  Perea. 

Gilead,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  Audroscog,- 
gin,  30  m.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  215. 

Giles,  CO.  in  the  W.  part  of  Va.  inclosed  by 
Greenbriar,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Tazewell  and 
Keuhawa  counties.  Pop.  3,745.  Slaves  242.  Chief 
town,  Davisburg. 

Giles,  CO.  West-Tennessee,  on  Elk  river,  border- 
ing on  Alabama.  Pop.  4,5 16.  Slaves  733.  Chief 
town,  Pulaski.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Gilford,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the  S.  side  of 
Lake  Winnipiseogee,  23  m.  N.  E.  Concord. 

Gilgal,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  on  the  VV.  side  of 
the  Jordan,  and  E.  of  Jericho. 

Gildersome,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  S.  W. 
Leeds. 

Gilgenberg,  t.  East  Prussia,  90  m.  S.  Konigsberg. 

Gilion,  isl.  off  the  E.  end  of  Madura  island.  Lon, 
114°  40'  E.  Lat.  7°  5'  S. 

Gill,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Connecticut  river,  3  m.  E.  Greenfield.  Pop.  762. 

Gilleesee  Strait,  or  Alias  Strait,  strait  between 
the  islands  of  Sumbawa  and  Lombock  ;  45  miles 
wide. 

GUlespie^s  store,  p-v.  Blount  co.  Ten. 

Gilling,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  N.  E,  Rich- 
moiid. 

Gillingham,  v.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Shaftsbury. 

Gillingham,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  U  m.  N.  E.  Chat- 
ham. Pop.  5,Li5. 

Gillori,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Alabama,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Mobile  bay,  at  its  mouth.  It  is  separated 
from  the  main  by  a  strait,  called  Passe  au  Heron, 
which  has  4  feet  water.  On  the  S  a  narrow  chan- 
nel divides  it  from  Dauphin  island. 

GilUland,  watering  place,  Eng.  in  Cumberland, 
18  m.  iV.  E.  Carlisle! 

Giliy,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault.  Pop.  3,050. 
3  m.  E.  by  N.  Charleroy. 

Gilmanton,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  17  m.  N.  E. 
Concord,  50  N.  W.  Portsmouth.  Pop.  4,338.  The 
courts  of  common  pleas  for  the  county  are  held  al- 
ternately here  and  at  Rochester.  It  contains  aa 
academy,  and  5  houses  for  public  worship. 

Gilmanton,  Lower,  p-v.  in  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 

Gilmerton,  v.  Scotland,  4  m.  S.  Edinburgh. 

Gilolo,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  of  an  ex- 
tremely irregular  form,  consisting  of  four  peninsu* 


284 


G  I  V 


las,  separated  from  each  other  by  deep  bays.  I'he 
sas^o  and  fruit  trees  flourish  here  in  great  abun- 
dance. The  town  of  Ossa,  in  Ion.  128°  22'  E.  lat. 
0°  45'  N.  aflbrds  every  convenience  for  ships 
touching  at  the  island. 

Gilsum,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  37  m.  S.  Concord. 

Ginbala,  ten-itoryof  Central  Africa,  on  the  Ni- 
ger, W.  of  Tombuctoo. 

Gingee,  district,  India,  in  the  Carnatic,  between 
12°  and  13°  N.  lat.  Gingee,  fort.  Hind,  and  cap- 
ital of  Gingee  district,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
34'  E.  Lat.  12°  15'  N. 

Gingerali,  fortified  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  India. 
Lon.  73°  6'  E.  Lat.  18°  15'  N. 

Ginniken,  v.  Netherlands,  6  m.  S.  E.  Breda. 

Gioj'a,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Con- 
versano. 

Giorgiev,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Walachia,  on  the 
Danube,  40  m.  S.  W.  Bucharest.  Lon.  25°  18' 
E.  Lat.  43°  38'  N. 

Giornico,  or  Irnis,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  13 
m.  N.  Bellinzona. 

Giovenazzo,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Naples,  10  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Bari.      Lon.  16°  42'  E.  Lat.  41°  17'  N. 

Girdleness,  promontory  on  tlie  E.  coast  of  Scot- 
land, at  the  south  point  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Dee,  2  m.  S.  Aberdeen.     Lat.  57°  8'  N. 

Girge,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  of  which  till  very  late- 
ly it  was  the  capital.  It  is  about  ^  of  a  mile  from 
the  river.  215  m.  S.  Cairo.  Lon.  31°  5'  2"  E. 
Xat.  370  22'  N. 

Girgenti,  or  Flume  di  Karo,  r.  Sicily,  which 
falls  into  tlie  Mediterranean  near  Girgenti. 

Girgenti.  s-p.  Sicily,  in  Val  di  Mazzara.  Here 
stood  the  ancient  Agrigentum,  the  magnificent 
ruins  of  which  are  still  to  be  seen.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.  I'he  principal  commerce  is  in  corn. 
60  m.  S.  Palermo,  27  N.  W.  Alicata.  Lon.  13° 
49'  E.'  Lat.  37°  23'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Girmn^g^ay,  v.  France,  7  m.  N.  Befort,  34  S.  W. 
Colmar. 

Gironde,  r.  France,  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Garonne  and  Dordogne.  It  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
after  a  courso  of  27  miles,  in  lat.  45°  35'  N. 

Gironde  a  department  in  the  S.  W.  of  France. 
Pop.  515,000,  of  whom  about  60,000  are  Protes- 
tants. The  great  product  of  the  department  is 
wine,  of  which  it  is  computed  that  800,000  hogs- 
heads are  made  annually.  Bourdeaux  is  the  cap- 
ital. 

Girtys  town,  Alien  co.  Ohio,  near  Fort  St.  Ma- 
ry's. 

Girvan,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire. 

Gisborough.     See  Guisborough. 

Gisburn,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10  m.  S.  W.  Skip- 
ton. 

Qisorsy  t,  France,  in  Eure,  32  m.  N.  E.  Evreux. 
Lon.  1°  43'  E.  Lat.  49°  16'  N.     Pop.  3,500. 

Gilschin,  t,  Bohemia,  28  m.  N.  W.  Konigin- 
gratz.     Lon.  15°  20'  E.  Lat.  50°  23'  N. 

Givdeca,  or  Zuecca,  isl.  in  the  Lagunes  of  Ven- 
ice, about  a  mile  fr-om  that  city. 

Givet,  strong  t.  on  the  frontiers  of  France,  in 
Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse,  15  m.  N.  E.  Rocroy,  24 
N.  Mezieres.  ,  Lon.  4°  5 1'  E.  Lat.  50°  7'  N.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Giula.     See  Gifula. 

Giulia  JVuova,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo  Ultra, 
12  m.  E.  N.  E.  Temmo. 

Givors,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Rhone,  6  m.  N. 
W,  Vienne. 

Givry,  t.  France,  4  m.  W.  Chalons.  Lon.  4° 
50°  E.  Lat  46°  47'  N. 


G  L  A 

Giseli,  v.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  nearly  oppobitf 
Cairo,  chiefly  distinguished  by  the  famous  pyra- 
mids in  its  immediate  neighbourhood.  3  m.  S.  W. 
Cairo. 

Gladbach,  t.  Prussian  states,  16  m.  N.  Juliers. 
Lon.  6°  15'  E.  Lat.  51°  14'  N.     Pop.  about  6,000. 

Gladsmuir,  parish,  Scotland,  Haddington  co.on 
the  frith  of  forth. 

Glammis,  v.  Scotland,  in  Forfar  co.  5^  m.  W. 
Forfar. 

Glamorgan,  co.  Wales,  extending  along  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Bristol  channel.  Extent,  527,000 
acres,  or  822  square  miles.  Immense  quantities  of 
iron  and  coal  are  found  here,  and  hence  this  haa 
become  one  of  the  principal  mining  and  manufac- 
turing counties  in  the  kingdom.  The  principal 
iron  works  are  Merthyr  'Tydvil,  the  greatest  of 
the  kind  perhaps,  in  the  world.  Pop.  in  1811, 
85,967.  Families,  18,695,  of  which  number,  8,217 
were  employed  in  agriculture,  7,915  in  commerce 
and  manufactures,  and  2,563  otherwise. 

Glandeves,  t.  France,  on  the  Var.  Lon.  6® 
48'  25"  E.  Lat.  43°  56'  43"  N. 

Glandeves.     See  Entrevaux. 

Glandford  Bridge,  or  Brigg,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln- 
shire. It  is  situated  on  the  Ankholme,  which  is 
navigable  from  the  Humber.  23  m.  N.  E.  LIht 
coin. 

Glarus,  or  Glaris,  canton,  Switzerland,  boun* 
ded  by  those  of  St.  Gall,  the  Grisons,  Uri,  and 
Schweitz.  Extent,  400  square  miles.  Pop. 
19,280,  principally  protestants.  Glarus,  the  chief 
town,  is  32  m.  E.  Lucerne.  Lon.  9°  13'  E.  Lat. 
47°  6' N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Glasgow,  city,  Scotland,  in  Lanark  co.  long  dis- 
tinguished for  its  extensive  commerce  and  manu- 
factures. It  is  on  the  (>lyde,  which  is  navigable 
to  the  city  for  vessels  drawing  7  or  8  feet  of  wa- 
ter. There  are  many  magnificent  public  buil- 
dings in  Glasgow,  of  which  the  cathedral,  or  high 
church,  is  the  chief.  There  are  several  charita- 
ble establishments,  and  35  places  of  pubhc  wor- 
ship. The  university  of  Glasgow  was  founded  in 
1450,  and  at  present,  consists  of  a  lord  chancellor, 
lord  rector,  dean  of  faculty,  the  principal,  and  17 
pi'ofessors.  At  present  there  are  about  1 ,400  stu- 
dents. Exclusive  of  a  valuable  and  extensive  li- 
brary, founded  upwards  of  two  centuries  ago,  in 
which  tliere  are  many  very  rare  books  ;  the  cele- 
brated Dr.  William  Hunter  of  London,  bequeath- 
ed his  whole  museum,  one  of  the  most  valuable 
collections  in  Europe,  of  natural  history,  paintings, 
medals,  anatomical  preparations,  books,  &c.  A 
very  useful  institution  was  founded  in  1796,  by 
the  late  Mr.  Anderson,  with  a  view  to  aflbrd  a 
regular  course  of  instruction  to  those  persons  who 
do  not  intend  to  enter  any  of  the  universities. 
Courses  of  popular  lectures  are  given  on  natural 
and  experimental  philosophy,  mathematics,  chem- 
istry, botany,  and  natural  history.  There  is  a  class 
for  mechanics,  which  is  most  numerously  attended, 
in  which  the  above  sciences  are  taught  at  a  very 
moderate  rate. 

The  situation  of  Glasgow  is  singularly  favoura- 
ble for  trade,  placed  on  the  borders  of  one  of  the 
richest  coal  and  mineral  fields  in  the  island,  while 
the  Atlantic  opens  to  it  on  the  one  hand,  through 
the  river  Clyde,  and  the  North  sea  on  the  other, 
through  the  Forth  and  Clyde  canal  and  the  frith 
of  Forth.  Among  other  works  belonging  to  Glas- 
gow, are  52  cotton  mills,  containing  51 1,200  spin- 
dles, and  employing  a  capital  of  1,000,000/.;  18 
works  for  weaving  by  power,  which  contain  2,800 
looms,  producing  8,400  pieces  of  cloth  weekly  ; 


G  L  E 

17  calendar  houses,  who  have  39  calendars  moved 
by  steam  ;  these  calendar  daily  118,000  yards  of 
cloth,  besides  dressing  116,000,  and  glazing  30,000 
yards.  There  are  18  calico  printing  works  ;  9 
iron  foundries ;  and  73  steam  engines.  The  com- 
munication of  Glasgow,  with  the  country  along 
the  shores  of  the  Clyde,  has  been  greatly  aided  by 
steam-boats,  of  which  there  are  now  16  plying  on 
the  Clvde.  Pop.  in  1780, 42,832— in  1785,  45,889, 
—in  1791,  66,578,— in  1801,  83,769,— in  1811, 
1 10,460,— in  1818,  estimated  at  120,000.  Lon.  4° 
15' 51'' W.  Lat.  55°  52'10"N. 

Glasgow,  Port,  Scotland,  in  Renfrew  co.  on  the 
frith  of  Clyde,  2i  m.  above  Greenock,  20  below 
Glasgow.  The  town  is  very  neatly  built,  sur- 
rounded with  many  pleasant  villas,  with  their 
gardens  ;  and  the  environs  are  extremely  pictur- 
esque. The  trade  of  this  port  is  chiefly  dependent 
on  Glasgow.     Pop.  in  1811,  5,116. 

Glasgow,  p-t.  and  cap.  Barren  co.  Ken.  32  m. 
from  Cumberland  court-house,  145  S.  W.  Lexing- 
ton.    Pop.  244.     Here  is  a  bank. 

Glassborough,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Philadelphia.     Here  is  a  glass  factory. 

Glasshouses,  three  hills  on  the  east  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lat.26°28'S. 

Glastenbury,  p-t.  Plartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  8  m.  below  Hartford.  Pop. 
2,766.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  for  Congrega- 
tionalisls,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists. 
In  this  town,  there  are  many  mills  and  manufacto- 
ries. 

Glastonbury,  t.  Eng.  near  Wells,  in  Somerset- 
shire, famous  for  the  ruins  of  its  abbey,  the  oldest, 
and  for  a  long  time  the  richest  and  most  magnifi- 
cent in  England.  Pop.  in  1811,2,340.  130  m. 
W.  by  S.  London.     Lon.  2°  42'  W.  Lat.  51°  9'  N. 

Glastonbury,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  9  m.  N.  E. 
Bennington.     Pop.  76. 

Glals,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Neiss,  in  a  narrow  val- 
ley between  two  lofty  hills.  On  wie  of  these  stands 
the  old  castle,  and  on  the  other  a  modern  regular 
fortress.  55  m.  S.  by  W.  Breslau,  94  E.  Prague. 
Lon.  16°  26'  E.  Lat.  50°  16'  N.     Pop.  6,700. 

Glatzirgebirge,    ridge  ol    mountains  in  the  N. 
E-  of  Bohemia,  forming  part  of  the  Sudetic  chain. 
Glavxhau.     See  Halle. 

Glauchau,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  53  m.  W. 
Dresden,  6  N.  Zwickau.  Lon.  12°  25'  E.  Lat. 
50°  45'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Gttichen  JVeue.     See  Pleisse. 
Glen,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Wash,  5  m. 
N.  E.  Spalding. 

Glenans,  group  of  small  islands  on  the  coast  of 
France,  11  m.  S.  Concarneau.  Lon.  4°  8'  30" 
E.  Lat.  47°  37'  20"  N. 

Glencoe,  vale,  Scotland,  in  Argyllshire,  near  the 
head  of  Loch  Etive. 

Glengary,  district,  Scotland,  in  Inverness  shire. 
Glennie's  Isles,  small  islands,  New  Holland,  in 
Bass's  strait,  in  lon.  146°  24'  E.  lat.  39°  Hi'  S. 
Glens,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  \'a. 
Glenns  falls,  in  Hudson  river,  N.  Y.  4  m.  above 
Sandy  Hill,  18  below  Baker's  falls.      The  bed  of 
the  river  here  consists  of  irregular  ledges  of  rocks, 
rising  one  above  another.     Over  these  rocks  the 
water  rushes  in  one  broad  expanse,  when  the 
river  is  high,  and  at  other  times  in  several  chan- 
nels, descending  in  the  course  of  3  rods,  28  feet. 
The  entire  fall  is  35  feet.      There  is  a  village  at 
the  falls.     See  Glenrille. 

Glenshee,  (Spillal  o/^)  pass  in  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland,  77  m-  N.  by  W.  Ediaburgh,  22  N.  Cupar 


G  L  O 


28: 


Glenville,  p-v.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  at  Glenn's  falls.  It  stands  at 
the  meeting  of  4  considerable  roads,  and  a  bridge 
is  here  thrown  across  the  river,  below  the  falls. 
Glocester.  See  Gloucester. 
Glockner,  one  of  the  highest  mountains  in  Eu- 
rope, on  the  confines  of  Salzburg,  the  Tyrol,  and 
Carinthia.  It  is  computed  to  be  12,760  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  Lon.  12°  51'  40"  E.  Lat  47° 
4'33"N. 

Gloa;au,  a  strongly  fortified  t.  Silesia,  near  the 
Oder, "60  m.  N.  W.  Breslau.  Lon.  16°  6'  45"  E. 
Lat,  51'=  38'  N.  Pop.  9,000,  of  whom  2,000  are 
Jews. 

Glogau,  Little  or  Upper,  t.  Silesia,  21  m.  S.  Op- 
peln. 

Glommt,  r.  Norway,  which  falls  into  the  Cat- 
tegat,  at  Frederickstadt.  It  is  300  miles  long,  and 
the  largest  in  Norway. 

Glotta,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Clyde. 

Gloucester,  one  of  the  western  counties  of  Eng- 
land, along  the  vale  of  the  Severn.  Extent,  1,220 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  285,514.  Families, 
62,092  ;  of  whom  20,782  were  employed  in  agri- 
culture, 29,988  in  trade  and  manufactures,  and 
11,322  otherwise, 

Gloucester,  city,  Eng.  cap,  of  Gloucester  co,  is 
on  the  Severn,  30  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Bristol  channel.  It  possesses  by  nature  consider- 
ble  facilities  for  commerce,  and  these  have  been 
greatly  improved  by  several  canals.  The  chief 
manufactory  is  that  of  pins,  which  is  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  the  kingdom.  Gloucester  contains  a 
magnificent  cathedral,  five  parish  churches,  seve- 
ral meeting  houses,  and  a  synagogue.  A  mineral 
spring,  surpassing  those  of  Cheltenham  in  its 
powers,  has  recently  been  discovered  here.  Glou- 
cester is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  returns  2  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  Pop.  8,280.  106  m.  W,  by  S, 
Loudon.    Lon.  2°  13'  W.  Lat.  51°  51'  N. 

Gloucester,  a  town  of  libei-ated  negroes,  in  the 
colony  of  Sierra  Leone.     Pop.  356. 

Gloucester,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  New  Britain. 
Lon.  148°  15' E.  Lat.  5°  54' S. 

Gloucester,  t.  Russel  co.  Up,  Canada,  on  Otta- 
wa river. 

Gloucester,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Essex  co. 
Mass.  on  Cape  Ann,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Mas- 
sachusetts bay,  16  m.  N.  E.  Salem,  34  N.  E.  Bos- 
ton. It  contains  a  bank,  and  6  houses  of  public 
worship,  5  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Uni- 
versalists.  Gloucester  is  one  of  the  most  consid- 
erable fishing  towns  in  the  Commonwealth.  The 
harbor  is  very  open,  and  accessible  to  large  ships, 
and  from  Squam  and  Sandy  bay,  two  small  out- 
ports,  the  bay  fishery  is  carried  on  with  great 
spirit,  and  to  a  large  amount.  The  principal  part 
of  Gloucester  is  a  peninsula,  connected  with  the 
main  by  a  very  narrow  isthmus.  On  the  S.  E. 
side  of  the  town  is  Thatcher's  island,  on  which 
are  two  light-houses.  The  amount  of  shipping  in 
1816,  was  1 1,080  tons.     Pop.  in  1810,  5,943. 

Gloucester,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  16  m.  N.  W. 
Providence.  Pop.  2,310.  The  compact  part  of 
the  town  is  called  Chepachet,  which  see. 

Gloucester,  co.  N.  J.  extends  across  the  State 
from  the  Atlantic  to  Delaware  river,  bounded  N 
by  Burlington  co.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Cape 
May,  Cumberland,  and  Salem  counties,  and  W. 
by  Delaware  river.  Pop.  19,744.  Chief  towns, 
Woodbury  and  Gloucester. 

Gloucester,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N,  J,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, 3  m.  below  Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,726. 

Gloutester,  co.  \'a.  on  the  western  shore  of  the 


286 


G  O  A 


GOG 


Chesapeake,  bounded  N.  by  Piaukitank  river, 
which  separates  it  from  M  iddlesex  co.  E.  by  Mat- 
thews CO.  and  Chesapeake  bay,  S.  by  York  river, 
which  divides  it  from  York  co.  and  W.  by  King:- 
and-Queenco.  Pop.  10,427.  Slaves,  5,798.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Gloucester,  t.  Gloucester  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side 
of  York  river,  opposite  Yorktown. 

Gloucester  House,  post  in  N.  America,  belong^inj 
to  the  Hudson's  bay  company.  Lon.  86°  59'  W. 
Lat.  51®  24'  N. 

Glover,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  33  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mout- 
pelier.     Pop.  378. 

Glover''s  Beef,  rocks,  on  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  88-^  20'  W.  Lat.  16°  N. 

Gloydiboroiigk,  p-v.  Flampshire  co.  Va. 

Gluchov,  t.  Eu.  Ra^sia,  in  Czernie:ov,  40  m.  E. 
6.  E.  Novgorod  Sieverskoi.  Lon.  34°  20'  15"  E. 
Lat.  5 1  °  40'  30"  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Glucksiadt,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Elbe,  at  the  spot  where  it  receives 
the  Rhu.  It  is  a  regular  and  well  built  place, 
with  a  harbor.  It  is  of  importance  to  Denmark, 
as  it  commands,  in  a  considerable  degree,  the  ac- 
cess to  Hamburgh.  Pop.  5,200.  28  m.  N.  W. 
Hamburgh.     Lon.  9°  20'  E.  Lat.  53°  51'  N. 

Glurentz,  t.  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige,  36  m.  W. 
Brixen.     Lon.  10°  26'  E.  Lat.  46°  38'  N. 

Glynn,  co.  Eastern  district,  of  Geo.  bounded  N. 
by  the  Alatamalia,  which  separates  it  from  Mac- 
intosh CO.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Camden  co. 
and  W.  by  Wayne  co.  Pop.  3,417.  Slaves, 
2,845.     Chief  town,  Brunswick. 

Glynrunmey,  hamlet,  Wales,  in  Glamorgan- 
shire, on  the  Rumney,  1^  m.  fr.  Caerdiff. 

Gnadenhutten,  p-t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  11  m.  S.  New  Philadelphia. 

Gnadenthal,  a  missionary  settlement  of  the 
United  Brethren  among  the  Hottentots  in  S.  Af- 
rica. Pop.  1,377,  of  whom  465  are  communi- 
cants. 

G7iazonm,  t.  Ava,  on  the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon. 
95°  27'  E.  Lat.  21°  54'  N. 

Gncsjia,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  once  the  capital  of 
Great  Poland,  30  m.  E.  by  N.  Posen,  150  W.  War- 
saw. Lon.  17°  42'  E.  Lat.  52°  26'  N.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Goa,  district,  belonging  to  the  Portuguese,  40 
miles  long  by  i^O  broad,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India, 
between  15°  and  16-  N.  lat. 

Goa,  a  celebrated  city,  and  cap.  of  all  the  Por- 
tuguese settlements  in  India,  is  on  an  island  about 
24  miles  in  circumference,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mandova  river.  It  in  fact  consists  of  two  cities: 
the  old  one,  which  is  8  miles  up  the  river,  is  now 
almost  deserted  by  the  secular  Portuguese,  it  be- 
ing unhealthy,  and  the  seat  of  the  inquisition. 
It  however  contains  many  magnificent  churches, 
and  exhibits  specimens  of  architecture  superior 
to  any  thing  attempted  by  Europeans  in  other 
parts  of  India.  The  viceroy  and  principal  inhab- 
itants reside  in  the  new  city,  which  is  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  within  the  forts.  It  possesses 
two  harbors,  one  on  each  side  of  the  island,  both 
of  which  are  well  defended.  The  towns  are  also 
fortified,  but  are  of  too  great  an  extent  to  with- 
stand a  siege,  if  the  enemy  were  in  possession  of 
the  remainder  of  the  island.  It  still  carries  on  an 
inconsiderable  trade  with  the  mother  country, 
with  China,  and  the  coast  of  Africa.  Pop.  of  the 
city  and  island,  about  20,000,  of  these,  very  few 
are  genuine  Portuguese.  Lon.  73°  57'  E.  Lat. 
IS^SO'N. 


Goalparah,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Brahmapootra,  near  the  frontiers  of  Assam.  Con- 
siderable trade  is  carried  on  here  with  the  Assa- 
mese.    Lon.  90°  32'  E.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. 

Goand,  mountainous  district,  Hind,  in  Gund- 
wana,  intersected  by  the  Mahaauddy  river. 

Goat  Island,  small  isl.  R.  I.  in  the  harbor  of 
Newport.     See  Js'ewport. 

Goat  Island.     See  Niagara  falls. 

Goat  Islaiid,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Jaraaic; 
Lon.  76°  51'  E.  Lat.  17°  53'  N. 

Goave,  Petit,  s-p.  Hispaniola,  with  a  harbor  ca- 
pable of  receiving  vessels  of  the  largest  size  safe 
from  winds.  This  town  is  the  staple  to  which  the 
inhabitants  of  Grand  Goave  and  other  places 
send  their  commodities.  20  m.  W.  S.  W'.  Leo- 
gane.     Lon.  73°  37'  VV.  Lat.  18°  26'  N. 

Gobbi,  district,  W.  Africa,  S.  of  Cape  Lopez 
Gonsalvo. 

Gobin,  t.  France,  in  Aisne.  Here  is  one  of  the 
most  celebrated  manufactures  of  mirrors  in  Eu- 
rope.    11  m.  ^V.  Laon,  25  E.  Chauny. 

Gocauk,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejypoor.  Lon.  75°  6'  E. 
Lat.  16°  20' N. 

Goch,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  Niers,  6  m.  S. 
Qeves.     Pop.  2,400. 

Gochsheim,  t.  Baden,  27  m.  N.  N.  W.  Stut- 
gard. 

God's  House,  League  of.     See  Grisons. 

God's  Mercy,  Isla^ids  of,  small  islands,  in  Hud- 
son's straits.     Lon.  73^  W.  Lat.  63°  45'  N. 

Godalming,  t.  Eng.  in  Surry,  34  m.  S.  W.  Lon- 
don. Lon.  0°  36'  W.  Lat.  51°  11'  N.  Pop. 
3,543. 

Godavery  Point,  the  S.  point  at  the  entrance  of 
the  N.  branch  of  Godavery  river.  Lon.  82°  32' 
E.  Lat.  16°  43'  N. 

Godavery,  r.  India,  which  rises  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Ghaut  mountains,  about  70  miles  N.  E.  of 
Bombay,  and  running  E.  and  S.  E.  800  miles,  fall 
into  the  bav  of  Bengal,  by  two  mouths,  between 
16°  and  17°  N.  lat. 

Godefroi,  fief,  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3  ra.  S.  W. 
Three  Rivers. 

Gudmanchester,  v.  Eng.  1  m.  S*  E.  Huntingdon. 

Godmanchcster,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  S.  W.  Montreal. 

Godo,  t.  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  gulf,  140  m.  W. 
Tulfar. 

Godolphin,  small  v.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  5  m.  N. 
W^.  Helstone. 

Godon,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norway,  near  Sud- 
mer. 

Goelwarah,  district,  Hind.  inGujerat,  between 
21°  and  22°  N.  lat.  on  the  gulf  of  Cambay.  Its 
chief  town  is  Gogo. 

Goes,  or  Ter  Goes,  t.  Netherlands,  in  the  island 
of  South  Beveland,  with  a  harbor  at  the  E.  mouth 
of  the  Scheldt,  10  m.  E.  Flushing.  Lon.  3°  53'  31" 
E.  Lat.  51°  30'  18"  N.     Pop.  3,700. 

Goffstoim,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  at  Amoskeag  falls,  15 
m.  S.  Concord,  13  N.  N.  E.  Amherst  Pop.  2,000. 
At  the  falls,  a  bridge  is  thrown  across  the  river. 

Goggrah,  called  also  the  Sarfew  and  Dera  in 
different  parts  of  its  course,  (an.  Agoramis,)  r. 
which  rises  in  the  mountains  that  divide  Hindos- 
tan  from  Tibet,  and  joins  the  Ganges  at  Manjee. 
It  is  navigable  for  large  boats  to  the  foot  of  the 
hills. 

Gogna,  or  Agogna,  r.  Piedmont,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Po,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lumello. 


G  O  L 


GOO 


28t 


Cbgo,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  on  the  gulf  of 
Cambay.     Lon.  72°  21'  E.  Lat.  21°  41'  N. 

Gohud,  district,  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  Chum- 
bul,  between  26°  and  27°  N.  lat.  Gohud,  the 
capital,  stands  in  lat.  26°  21'  N.  and  lon.  78° 
21'  E. 
Gojam,  province,  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Abyssinia. 
Goiana,  city,  of  Brazil,  in  Itamarca,  on  the 
river  Goiana,  3  leagues  above  its  mouth.  Lon. 
36°  16'  W.  Lat.  7°  39'  S. 

Goiaz,  a  province  or  capitanata,  of  Brazil, 
bounded  E.  by  Minas  Geraes,  W.  by  Matto  Gros- 
so,  and  N.  by  Para.  It  extends  from  lat.  6°  to  21° 
S.  Villa  Boa  is  its  principal  town.  It  possesses 
many  gold  mines.  Diamonds  also  have  been 
found  in  some  parts. 

Goisern,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Ischel,  5  m.  N.  Hall- 
stadt.     Pop.  3,200. 

GoitOy  i.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Mincio,  9  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Maiitua. 

Golan,  or  Gaulan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  Bashan, 
which  the  tribe  of  Manasseh  possessed.  It  gave 
name  to  the  province  of  Gaulanitis,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Josephus,  lay  VV,  of  Bashan. 

Golcar,  t.  Eng,  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  W.  Hudders- 
field.     Pop.  2,122. 

Golconda,  t.  Pope  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Ohio. 
Golcondah,  province.  Hind,  now  called  Hyde- 
rabad.    It  was  formerly  celebrated  for  its  dia- 
mond mines.     See  Hyderabad. 

Golcondah,  or  Mankul,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in 
Hyderabad.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  both  by  na- 
ture and  art,  and  is  considered  by  the  natives  im- 
pregnable. 6  m.  fr.  the  city  of  Hyderabad.  Lon. 
78°35E.  Lat.  17°  18' N. 
Gold  Coast.  See  Guinea. 
Goldacfu     See  Aach. 

Goldap,  t.  East  Prussia,  22  m.  S.  Gumbinnen, 
76  E.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Goldberg,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Katzbach,  1 1  m.  S. 
W.  Liegnitz,  12  W.  N.  W.  Jauer.  Lon.  15°  53' 
E.  Lat.  51°  4'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Goldengrove,  p-v.  Greenville  district,  S.  C. 
Goldingen,  or  Knldiga,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cour- 
land,  on  the   Windau,   52  m.  W.  by  N.  Mittau, 
Lon.  21°  44'  E.  Lat.  56°  51'  N. 

Goldlauter,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  the  forest  of 
Thuringia,  with  1,0(X)  inhabitants,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  mining;  but  their  mines  having  become 
unproductive,  they  are  now  occupied  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  cotton.     12  m.  N.  E.  Meinungen. 

Goldsborough,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  40  m.  E. 
Castine,  188  N.  E.  Portland.  Lon.  68°  3'  W.  Lat. 
440  19'N.     Pop.  471. 

Goletta,  the  port  of  Tunis.  It  has  6  feet  wa- 
ter, and  is  defended  on  each  side  by  a  castle. 

Golgotha,  or  Calvary,  in  Sac.  Geog.  small  hill, 
near  Jerusalem,  on  which  Jksvs  was  crucified. 

Golinda,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba 
Lon.  80°  4'  \V.  Lat.  23°  20  N. 

Gollach,  r.  Franconia,  which  falls  into  the  Tau- 
ber,  5  m.  S.  VV.  Aub. 

Gollancourt,  v.  France,  in  Oise,  near  Noyou. 
Gollen,  or  Gella,  strait  of  the  Baltic,  between 
Stralsund  and  the  island  of  Rugen. 

Golnitz,  t.  Upper  Hungary,  14  m.  S.  E.  Kaps- 
dorf.  Lon.  20°  57'  17"  E.  Lat.  48°  50'  27"  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Golnoiv,  t.  Pomerania,  20  m.  N,  N.  W.  Stargard, 
14  N.  E.  Stettin.  Lon.  14°  57'  E.  Lat.  53° 
37' N. 

Goh^.  V.  Greece,  in  Magnesia.  2  m.  fr.  Makri- 
nitza, 


Golspie,  V.  Scotland,  in  Sutherland, 
Gombin,  t.  Poland,  1 1  m.  S.  Plock. 
Gombroon,  or  Bunder  Abbas,  s-p.  Laristan,  in 
Persia,  on  a  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Ormus.     It  was 
formerly  the  port  of  Schiras,  and  of  all  the  south 
of  Persia,  and  its  trade  is  still  considerable.    Lon. 
56°12'E.  Lat.  27°  18' N. 
Gombs.     See  Conches. 

Gomer,  co.  Hungary,  on  tho  rivers  Rima  and 
Sajo,  between  the  counties  of  Liptau  and  Borsod. 
Gomer,  the  capital,  is  92  m.  N.  N.  E.  Buda,  180 
E.  by  N.  Vienna. 

Gomera,  Felez,  or  Bedis  dePegnon,  (rin.  Belts,) 
fort,  Fez,  near  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean. 

Gomera,  isl.  one  of  the  Canaries,  20  miles  long, 
and  10  wide,  18  m.  S.  W.  Teneriffe.  Lon.  17° 
8'  W.  Lat.  28°  6'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Gomersall,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Bradford.     Pop.  5,002. 

Gonunem,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  7  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Magdeburg. 

Gomorrah,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Sodom. 
Gomut,  r.  Bengal,  which  falls  into  the  Megna, 
some  miles  N.  of  Chandpoor. 

Gonave,  isl.  on  the  W.  side  of  St.  Domingo,  in 
the  bay  of  Leogane;  40  m.  N.  W.  Port  au  Prince. 
Gonaves,  the  chief  town,  has  an  excellent  har- 
bour, and  a  medicinal  spring,  at  which  baths  arc 
erected,  and  an  hospital  for  soldiers  and  sailors. 
Lon.  72°  36'  45"  W.  Lat.  19°  27'  N. 

Gondar,  cap.  of  Abyssinia,  in  Africa,  contain- 
ing in  time  of  peace  10,000  families.  The  houses 
are  only  of  one  story,  built  of  clay,  with  the  roofs 
thatched  in  the  form  of  cones.  It  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Galla.  Lon,  37°  40'  E.  Lat.  12° 
30' N. 

Gondrecourf,  t.  France,  21  m.  S.  3.  E,  Bar  h 
Due,  9  S.  W.  Vancouleur*. 

Gonieh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Guriel,  on  the  Black 
sea,  S.  of  the  Phasis,  80  m.  E.  N.  E.  Trebisond. 
Gonnesse,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  Paris. 
Gonnevilie,  v.  France,  La  Manche,  20  ra.  N.  by 
E.  Coutances. 

Gonong  Api,  one  of  the  smaller  Banda  islands. 
Gonong  Mello  Bay,  or  Tominie,  larjje  bay.  Lon, 
of  the  entrance  124°  E.  Lat.O°  12'  S. 

Gonong  Tello,  Celebes,  on  the  bay  of  Gonons; 
Tello.  'I'he  inhabitants  are  mostly  Malays,  who 
export  gold,  tortoise  shell,  &;c.  and  import  arms, 
gunpowder  and  cutlery.  Lon.  12'3°  li  Lat.  0^ 
28'  N. 

Goober.     See  Guber. 

Goochland,  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side  of  Jjunes  riv- 
er, inclosed  by  Louisa,  Hanover,  Henrico,  Pow- 
hatan, and  Fluvanna  counties.  Pop.  10,203. 
Slaves,  5,464.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office, 
32  m.  N.  W.  Richmond. 

Good  Fortune,  or  Pora,  isl.  near  the  W.  coait 
of  Sumatra.     Lon.  98'^  30'  E.  Lat.  T  5'  S. 

Good  Hope,  or  Hope  Island,  isl.  in  tlie  S.  Pacific. 
Lon.  174°  50' E.  Lat.  16°  S, 

Good  Hope.     See  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Good  Woman  River,  small  r.   which  falls  into 
the  Missouri  from  the  S.  190  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Good''s  Island,  isl.  New-Holland  in  Torres  str?dt, 
Lon.  142°  10'  E.  Lat.  10°  32'  S. 

Goodingary,  t.  India,  in  Tinnevelly,  on  the  sea 
coast,  opposite  Ceylon.  Lon.  78°  3'  E.  Lat.  iB^ 
20' N. 

Goodwin  Sands,  a  range  of  sand  banks  in  the 
English  channel,  off  the  coast  of  Kent.  They  ex 
tend  10  miles  from  opposite  Ramsgate  to  opposite 
Kingsdown. 


2S8 


G  O  R 


G  O  S 


Gooduinsiille,  p-v.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va. 

GoolguTige,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  85°  38' 
E.  Lat,  24°  26'  N. 

Gootpiissera,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  85°  10' 
E.     Lat.  27°  V  N. 

Goomah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  20'  E. 
Lat.  24°  24'  N. 

Goomsur,  t.  Hind,  at  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  the 
Northern  Circars.  Lon.  84°  55'  E.  Lat.  19^ 
53'  N. 

Goomt)/,  r.  Hind,  which  falls  into  the  Ganges 
about  14  m.  below  Benares.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats  as  high  as  Lucknow. 

Goonee,  r.  Hind,  in  Sinde,  which  unites  with 
the  Loonee,  and  the  Indus. 

Goor,  range  of  lofty  mountains  in  Persia,  divid- 
ing Khorassan  from  Cabul. 

Goorackpoor,  district,  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Goora  river,  between  26°  and 
28°  N.  Lat.  It  was  ceded  in  1801  to  the  British. 
Goorackpoor,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Boora  Rapty 
river.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  civil  establish- 
ment of  the  district.  Lon.  83°  22'  E.  Lat.  26° 
45' N. 

Goose  creek,  r.  Va.  which  falls  into  the  Potomac 

1  m.  S.  E.  Thorpe,  in  Fairfax  co. 

Goose  Island,  isl.  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
about  12  m.  below  the  island  of  Orleans. 

Goose  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
Holland.     Lon.  123°  9'  30"  E.  Lat.  34°  5'  23"  S. 

Gooseberry  Island,  and  rocks,  on  the  coast  of 
Cape  Ann,  Mass.  which  have  occasioned  the  loss 
of  many  vessels  and  lives. 

Goose  pcynd,  or  Strongs,  p-v.  Oglethorpe  co. 
Geo. 

Gooseberry  Islands,  small  islands,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  24  m.  N.  W.  Cape  Bona- 
vista. 

Gopamoio,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  river  Goom- 
ty.     Lon.  80°  25'  E.     Lat.  27°  29'  N. 

Goplo,  lake,  Prussian  Poland,  22  miles  long  and 

2  broad,  24  m.  W.  Brzesc. 

Goppingen,  t.  Suabia,  20  m.  N.  W.  Ulm,  22  E. 
S.  E.  Stutgard.     Pop.  4,300. 

Goram,  small  isl.  E.  by  N.  from  Banda.  Lon. 
1210  36'E.   Lat.  3°  42' S. 

Gorbals  of  Glasgow,  v.  Scotland,  opposite  Glas- 
gow, on  the  Clyde. 

GorbatoJ',  t.  Eu.  Russia,  40  m.  W.  Niznei-Nov- 
gorod. 

Gorcafu,  or  Ghoorca,  dist.  Hind,  in  Nepaul. 
Gorcah,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  84°  36'  E.  lat.  28° 
25'  N. 

Gorcutn,  or  Gorinchen,  fortified  t.  S.  Holland, 
on  the  Merwe,  with  a  harbour,  12  m.  E.  Dort,  30 
S.  Amst«irdam. 

Gordn,  Punla,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  82°  52'  W. 

Gordes,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  E.  of  Cavaillon.  Pop. 
2,450. 

Gordon,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  20  m.  N.  Cahors. 
Lon.  1°  28'  E.  Lat.  44°  44'  N.  Pop.  3,700. 

Gordon's  Ferry,  p-v.  Hickman  co.  'Ten. 

G^ordonsviUe,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va.  Springhill 
academy,  a  respectable  institution,  is  2  miles  from 
this  place. 

'Sore,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
L,'.it.  49°  20'  N. 

Gore's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  172°  30' 
W.  Lat.  60°  40'  N. 

Goree,  isl.  Holland,  ne^r  the  mo?jth  nf  the 
Maesp. 


Goree,  or  Goedereede,  t.  S.  Holland,  on  the  isl- 
and  of  Goree,  6  m.  VV.  Helvoetsluys. 

Goree,  isl.  Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  dos 
Reyes  Ma^os.  Lat.  19°  10'  S. 

Goree,  isl.  or  rather  rock,  off  the  coast  of  Africa, 
a  mile  from  the  S.  shore  of  the  promontory  which 
forms  Cape  Verd.  It  is  important  as  a  military 
position,  and  the  French  have  made  it  the  bul- 
wark of  their  possessions  in  Africa.  At  the  foot  of 
the  rock  is  the  town  of  Goree,  c6ntaining  abou« 
5,000  inhabitants. 

Gorey.     See  J^evborough. 

Gorgona,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  off  the  coast 
of  Peru.     Lat.  3°  2' N. 

Gorgona,  Isola  di,  small  isl.  in  the  Tuscan  sea. 
30m.W.byS.Legliopn.  Lon.  9°  23' E.  Lat.  43*= 
22' N. 

Gorgona  La.    See  Margaritta. 

Gorgue,  t.  France,  on  the  Lys,  12  m.  W.  Lille. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Gorham,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  9  m.  N. 
W.Portland.     Pop.  2,632. 

Gorham,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  E.  Canan- 
daigua,  10  W.  Geneva.  Pop.  2,392. 

Gorilz,  or  Gors,  a  circle  of  the  new  kingdom  of 
Illyria,  in  the  Austrian  empire.  Extent,  974  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  116,000.  Goritz,  the  capital,  is  on 
the  Isonzo,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Trieste.  Lon.  13°  28' 
45"  E.   Lat.  45°  57' 30"  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Goriiza,  t.  in  the  north  of  Greece,  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Demetrias,  3  m.  E.  of  the  castle  of 
Volo. 

Gorliiz,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Lusatia,  on  the 
Neisse,  noted  for  its  woollen  manufactures.  It 
contains  6  churches,  50  m.  E.  of  Dresden,  68  N. 
Prague.  Lon.  15°  31'  £.  Lat.  51°  9'  N.  Pop. 
8,500. 

Gorochoviiz,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  72  m.  E.  Vladimir. 
Lon.  42°  34'  E.  Lat.  56°  10'  N. 

Gorodischtje,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Niznei-Novgorod. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Gorodischtje,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Dnieper,  1 12  m. 
S,  E.  Kiev.  Lon.  32°  54'  E.  Lat.  49°  N. 

Gorodischtje  t.  Russia,  32  m.  E.  S.  E.  Penza. 
Lon.  46°  34'  E.  Lat.  53°  20'  N.     Pop.  3,600. 

Goron,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  W.  Mayenne. 

Gorsa,  a  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  81°  25'  W. 

Gort,  V.  Ireland,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Galway. 

Gorzagna,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Bormida,  13  m. 
S.  E.  Alba.  Lon.  8°  17'  E.  Lat.  44°  38'  N. 

Gorze,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  7  m.  S.  W.  Metz. 
Lon.  6°  HE.  Lat.  49°  3' N. 

Gosjield,  t.  Essex  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie. 

Goshen,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Egypt,  in 
which  the  Israelites  dwelt  430  years.  It  com- 
prised the  E.  part  of  Middle  and  Lower  Egypt, 
extending  to  Palestine  and  Arabia.  It  is  also  the 
name  of  a  town  and  country  of  Palestine,  in  the 
hill-country  of  Judah. 

Goshen,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  27  m.  W.  Concord. 
Pop.  563. 

Goshen,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  31  m.  S.  W.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  86. 

Goshen,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  W. 
Northampton,  112  W.  Boston.  Pop.  652. 

Goshen,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  6  m.  N.  W.  Litch- 
field, 32  W.  Hartford.  Pop.  1,641.  It  is  famous 
for  its  cheese. 

Goshen,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  W.  West- 
point,  63  N- New- York.    Pop.3,l.J5.    The  courts 


GOT 

of  the  county  are  held  alteruately  here  and  at 
Newburg.  Goshen  village  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  contains  the  court-house  and  jail,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  and  2  or  3  printing  ollices. 

Goshen,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,273. 

Goshen,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  35  ro.  fr.  Washing- 
ton. 

Goshen,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  a  little  W.  of  Sa- 
vannah Fiver. 

Goshen,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Clairsville.  Pop.  in  1819,  1,110. 

Goshen,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Little  Mi- 
ami, 18  m.  N.  W.  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1815,  80. 

Goshen,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Goshen^  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is 
New-Philadelphia,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Goshen,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
400. 

Goshen,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois.  Pop.  1,725. 

Goshen  hill,  p-v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 

Goslai;  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principality  of  Hil- 
desheim,  on  the  Gosse,  near  tlie  Ocker,  and  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountain  called  Ramolsberg.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  Lutherans,  and  their  chief 
employment  is  mining  and  brewing.  It  was  lor- 
merly  a  free  imperial  town,  28  m.  S.  Brunswick, 
25  S.  Wolfenbuttel.  Lon,  10^  31' E.  Lat.  51°53' 
N.  Pop.  5,700. 

Gosport,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  on  a  projecting 
point  of  land  at  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to 
Portsmouth  harbour.  Being  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  the  great  naval  rendezvous  of  the  king- 
dom, it  has  risen  to  be  a  town  of  importance.  Nu- 
merous government  works  have  been  established 
here  for  supplying  the  wants  of  the  navy,  exten- 
sive barracks  also  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
military.  Here  are  immense  magazines  of  pow- 
der, an  extensive  iron  foundery  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  anchors ;  and  Haslar  royal  hospital  for 
sick  and  wounded  seamen,  a  magnificent  building, 
capable  of  accommodating  2,000  patients.  There 
is  a  missionary  seminary  at  Gosport,  in  which 
many  of  the  missionaries  of  the  London  society 
are  educated.  The  number  of  students  in  1819 
was  21.  Pop.  7,788.  1  mile  N.  W.  Portsmouth. 
Lon.  1°  r  W.  Lat.  50°  47'  N. 

Gosport,  t  N.  H.     See  Isles  of  Shoals. 

Gossau,  t.  Switz.  7  m.  W.  St.  Gall. 

Gosselies,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  6  m.  N. 
Charleroi. 

Gostadl,  t.  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirge,  8  m.  S.  'Wol- 
kenstein.     Lon.  13°  2'  E.  Lat.  50°  26'  N. 

Gostinin,  t.  Poland,  14  m.  S.  W.  Plock. 

Goiha,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Gotha,  is  on  the  Leine.  In  the  castle  where  the 
duke  resides,  is  deposited  a  valuable  library,  con- 
taining 60,000  printed  volumes.  Here  is  also  an 
arsenal  and  an  extensive  cabinet  of  natural  histo- 
ry, artificial  curiosities,  and  medals.  Attached  to 
this  cabinet  is  a  numesmatic  library,  containing 
upwards  of  6,000  scarce  and  valuable  works  on 
coins.  A  considerable  traffic  takes  place  between 
Leipzic  and  the  rest  of  Germany  through  the  me- 
dium of  this  town;  31  m.  W.  Weimar,  78  W.  S. 
W.  Leipzic.  Lon.  10°  42'  53"  E.  Lat.  50°  57"  N. 
Pop.  11,500. 

Gotha,  Saxe,  a  duchy  of  Germany,  composed  of 
the  principality  of  Gotha,  the  greatest  part  of  the 
principality  of  Altenburg,  and  a  part  of  the  former 
county  of  Henneberg.  It  contains  1,200  sq.  miles, 
and  185,682  inhabitants.  The  form  of  government 
is  by  no  means  absolute.  The  executive  power 
ro«l«;  with  the  dulrr  imd  his  priyv  conncil,  but  a 

37 


GOT  S«9 

diet  is  held  once  in  four  years,  consisting  oj" depu- 
ties from  the  landed  proprietors  and  inhabitants  of 
towns.  This  state  is  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Germanic  confederation,  and  has  a  vote  at  the  di- 
et of  Frankfort.  The  inhabitants  are  in  general 
Lutherans. 

Gotha-Elf,  r.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Sweden,  which 
forms  the  outlet  of  Lake  Wener,  and  falls  into  the 
Cattegat  by  two  mouths  near  Gottenburg.  It  has 
been  made  navigable  by  locks  and  canals  to  Lake 
Wener,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  Swedish  gov- 
ernment to  prolong  this  line  of  navigation  by  the 
Wetter  and  other  lakes,  and  thereby  form  a  di- 
rect communication  between  the  German  ocean 
and  the  Baltic,  passing  through  the  centre  of  the 
kingdom.  Clara  Elf  is  the  name  of  a  river  which 
falls  into  Lake  Wener  on  the  N.  side. 

Goihland,  formerly  the  name  oi'  the  southern 
and  most  fertile  division  of  Sweden,  comprising 
nearly  all  the  country  below  tiie  parallel  of  59° 
N.  lat.  It  was  divided  into  East,  West  and  South 
Gothland.  It  has  been  recently  divided  into  prov- 
inces. Its  extent  was  about  40,000  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  1,500,000. 

Gothland,  or  Gottland,  isl.  of  the  Baltic,  near 
tlie  S.  E.  coast  of  Sweden,  and  belonging  to  that 
crown.  It  produces  corn,  and  has  excellent  pas- 
turage. Here  are  also  extensive  woods  of  oak 
and  pine.  The  fisheries  on  the  coast  are  produc- 
tive, and  prosecuted  with  activity.  Pop.  33,000. 
Wisby  is  the  capital.  Lon.  18°  6'  to  19°  6' E. 
Lat.  56°  54' to  57°  56' N. 

Gotta,  or  Gotto  Islands,  islands  near  Japan.  Lat. 
32°  34'  50''  N.  Lon.  231°  16'  E. 

Gotlalengo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  17  m.  S.  Brescia. 

Gottenburg,  a  large  and  thriving  t.  in  the  S.  W. 
of  Sweden,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Gotha-Elf,  in  a 
marshy  plain,  surrounded  by  precipitous  ridges  of 
naked  rocks.  The  harbour  is  the  most  conven- 
iently situated  for  foreign  trade  in  Sweden.  As 
a  commercial  and  manufacturing  town,  Gotten- 
burg ranks  next  to  Stockholm.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  Swedish  East  India  company,  which  was 
erected  in  1731,  and  has  the  exclusive  privilege 
of  importing  East  India  commodities  into  the  king- 
dom. The  fortifications  of  the  town  have  been 
lately  demolished  ;  40  m.  S.  of  Uddevalla.  Lon. 
11°  57'  E.  Lat.  57°  42'  N.  Pop.  24,000. 

Gollesberg,  t.  Silesia,  26  m.  N.  W.  Glatz.  Lon. 
15°  54'  E.  Lat.  50°  35'  N.  Pop.  2,100. 

Gotlesgal,  t.  Bohemia,  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  Elnbogen. 
Lon.  12°  54'=  E.  Lat.  50°  22'  N. 

Gottingen,  a  province  in  the  south  of  Hanover, 
bounded  by  Brunswick,  Hildesheim,  the  Prussian 
states,  and  Hesse-Cassel.  It  was  constituted  a 
province  in  1816,  and  includes  several  distinct 
tracts  of  country,  viz.  the  quarter  of  Gottingen, 
the  principality  of  Grubenhagen,  Elbingeroda, 
Hohenstein,  the  bailiwicks  of  Plesse,  and  Gleichen, 
with  the  small  portion  of  the  Eichsfeld,  ceded  by 
Prussia.  Extent,  1,225  sq.  miles.  Pop.  176,000, 
chiefly  Lutherans. 

Gottingen,  t.  Hanover,  and  cap.  of  the  province 
of  Gottingen.  It  stands  in  a  pleasant  valley  on  a 
canal  branching  from  the  Leine.  Its  chief  title  to 
notice  arises  from  its  celebrated  university  founded 
by  George  II.  in  1734.  It  is  on  a  very  comprehen- 
sive plan,  embracing  the  four  faculties  of  divini- 
ty, philosophy,  law  and  medicine.  The  number 
of  professors  is  not  fixed^  but  in  general  exceeds 
40.  In  1818  they  were  as  follow  :— 3  of  Theolo- 
gy; 7  of  medicine,  surgery,  chemistry  and  bota- 
ny ;  7  of  law.    viz.  Romixn,  German,  ecclesias- 


290 


GOV 


G  R  A 


ical,  &c, ;  5  of  Classics  and  Oriental  languages ; 
4  of  history,  ancient  and  modern,  statistics  and 
history  of  literature  ;  2  of  mathematics,  logic  and 
metaphysics  ;  4  of  astronomy,  experimental  phi- 
losophy, and  mineralogy;  3  of  modern  languages 
and  literature.  These  are  the  regular  and  daily 
lecturers,  but  there  are  also  7  professors  who  give 
extraordinary  lectures.  There  is  a  class  for  po- 
titical  economy  ;  and  for  theology  there  are,  in 
addition  to  the  3  chairs,  a  seminary  for  preachers, 
a  pastoral  institute,  and  a  divinity  college.  In 
1751,  an  academy  of  sciences  was  established  here, 
to  which  the  scientific  world  is  indebted  for  many 
valuable  improvements  and  discoveries.  It  was 
re-organised  in  1770,  and  now  consists  ol  J  class,**, 
the  mathematical,  physical,  and  historical.  Tbv^ 
professors,  as  in  the  other  German  universities, 
are  much  in  the  habit  of  publishing  :  Moshcim, 
Michaelis,  Heynes,  Burger,  were  all  of  Gottin- 
gen;  also  Eichhorn,  so  well  known  for  his  history 
of  literature,  Blumenbach  and  Villers.  The  num- 
ber pf  students  here  is  greater  tlian  in  any  other 
Gerinan  university.  It  varies  from  1 ,0D0  to  1,200. 
Attached  to  the  university  are  1 40  bursaries,  or 
free  boards  for  the  poorer  students.  But  the  great 
attraction  of  the  university  is  its  library,  founded 
by  George  II.  and  consisting  in  a  larger  proportion 
than  the  great  repositories  of  England  or  France, 
of  modern  and  useful  books.  The  number  of  vol- 
umes amounts  to  about  200,000.  This  library  has 
two  catalogues,  one  alphabetical,  the  other  class- 
ed ;  both  are  in  manuscript,  and  the  latter  is  a 
compilation  of  great  labour  and  extent.  The  reg- 
ular funds  for  the  purchatse  of  books  are  about 
800Z  sterling  a  year.  Gottingen  is  the  occasion- 
al resort  of  young  Englishmen,  and  no  place  is 
better  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  education. 
There  are  in  Gottingen  four  Lutheran  and  two 
Calvinist  churches ;  also  a  Catholic  chapel.  A 
serious  difference  took  place  between  the  students 
and  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  in  October  181B  ; 
the  Hanoverian  government  took  part  with  the 
latter,  and  though  some  diminution  took  place  in 
the  number  of  students,  it  was  considered  as  only 
temporary  ;  21  m.  N.  E.  Cassel,  and  51°  E.  S.  E. 
Paderborn.  Lou.  9°  55'  15"  E.  Lat.  Sl°  31'  54"  N. 
Pop.  9,500. 

Gottingen,  s-p.  Sweden,  on  the  borders  of  West 
Gothland,  28  m.  S.  W.  Stockliolm,  and  164  N. 
Copenhagen.  ^ 

Goitliehcn,  t.  Switz,  on  the  Rhine,  where  that 
river  enters  the  lake  of  Constance,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Constance. 

Golto,  country,  Central  Africa,  S.  of  the  Ni- 
ger, between  Bambarra  and  Tombuctoo.  The 
capital  is  Moossedoo. 

Gottorp,  castle,  Denmark,  on  an  island  in  the 
river  Slcy,  2  m.  N.  W.  Sleswick. 

Govan,  parish,  Scotland.  It  includes  the  sub- 
urbs of  Glasgow.  Pop.  in  1801,  6,701;  in  1811, 
11,581. — The  village  of  Govan  is  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Clyde,  2i  m.  below  Glasgow. 

Gouda,  or  Ter  Gouw,  t.  South  Holland,  on  the 
^ssel.  It  has  large  manufactures,  partly  of  porce- 
lain, but  more  of  tobacco  pipes.  These  employ 
more  than  one-third  of  its  population.  It  has  also 
a  commodious  port  on  the  Issel,  and  a  brisk  trade. 
The  church  of  St.  John  tlie  Baptist,  at  Gouda,  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  and  largest  in  the  country. 
9  m.  N.  E.  Bottcrdam,  22  S.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  4*^ 
42' E.  Lat.  51°  59'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Goveniador,  r.  J-lorida.  which  runs  into  Porr'a- 
cola  bay.     Lorv  87®  4'  W.  Lat.  30*  3?i'  N. 


Govcrnoh,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  en  the  Mincio,  12 
ra.  S.  E.  Mantua. 

Governor'' s  Island,  small  isl.  Mass.  2  m.  E.  Bos- 
ton. On  this  island  is  Fort  Warren,  which  defends 
the  entrance  of  the  harbor. 

Gouffre,  Riviere  dii,  considerable  r.  Lower  Can- 
ada, which  falls  int6  the  St.  Lawrence  from  the 
N.  in  St.  Paul's  bay. 

Gour,  or  Gaur,  or  Lucknowty,  a  very  ancient 
Hindoo  city,  and  from  1204  to  1564,  A.  D.  the 
cap.  of  Bengal,  under  the  Afghan  dynasties.  The 
ruins  of  this  celebrated  place  still  exist  to  the  S. 
of  Malda,  and  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ganges.  It 
has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Gangia  Regio  of  Ptol- 
emy, and  the  space  covered  by  its  ruins  is  15  miles 
long,  and  from  2  to  3  broad.  Lon.  88-^  E.  Lat. 
24°  5.5'  N. 

Gourdon.     See  Gordon. 

Gourin,  t.  France,  26  m.  W.  N.  W.  Pontivy. 
Pop.  3,700. 

Gournayy  t.  France,  24  m,  E.  Rouen.  Pop. 
2,550. 

Gourock,  t.  Scotland,  in  Renfrew,  on  the  frith 
of  Clyde,  3  m.  W.  Greenock. 

Gouverntur,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S. 
Ogdensburg,  192  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  223. 

Gower.     See  Glamorgan. 

Goiver,  t.  Grenville  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Gower'' s  Harbor,  called  also  Praslin  bay,  and 
St.  George's  bay.  New  Ireland,  5  m.  N.  cape  St. 
George.     Lon.'  150°  40'  E.  Lat.  4°  50'  S. 

Gower'' s  Island,  or  Inattendue,  isl.  in  the  East- 
ern seas.     Lon.  158^  56'  E.  Lat.  7°  56'  S. 

Gowhatty,  t.  and  cap.  of  Lower  Assam.  Lon. 
91°  46'  E.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. 

Goyana.     See  Goiana. 

Goz,  or  Gozen,  s-p.  Morocco,  near  Mogodor. 

Gozan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  country,  in  the  N.  part  of 
Mesopotamia. 

Gvzso,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  a  little  N.  W. 
of  Malta,  to  which  it  belongs.  Extent,  37  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  13,000. 

Gozzo,  or  Gafda,  (an.  Clauda,)  isl.  near  Can- 
dia.     Lon.  23°  46'  E.  Lat.  34°  48'  N. 

Graaf  Reytiel,  the  most  eastern  district  in  the 
territory  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  extending 
from  Stellenbosch  and  Drakenstein  toKaffreland, 
Extent,  40,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  4,262  Christians. 
964  slaves,  and  8,947  Hottentots. 

Griiben.     See  Dettenheim. 

Grahow,  t.  Mecklenberg-Schwerin,  on  the  small 
river  Elde,  70  m.  E.  by  S.  Hamburgh.  Lon.  11° 
44'  E.  Lat.  53°  23'  N.     Pop.  2,350. 

Grabusa,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  about 
5  m.  from  the  N.  W.  point  of  Candia.  Lon.  23* 
33'  E.  Lat.  35°  40'  N. 

Graceham,  p-v.  Fi'ederick  co.  Md. 

Grach,  v.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Moselle,  23  m.  N.  Treves. 

Gracias  a  Dios,  city,  of  Honduras,  140  m.  E. 
Guatimala.     Lon.  90°  6'  W.  Lat.  14°  30^  N. 

Gracias  a  Dios,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Hondu- 
ras.     Lon.  82°  48'  W.  Lat.  15°  N. 

Gradiska,  Old,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  Solavo- 
nia,  at  tiie  confluence  of  the  Struga  and  the  Save, 
9  m.  N.  E.  Berbir. 

Gradiska,  or  Berbir,  strong  fort,  Eu.  Turkey, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Virbas  with  the  Save,  op- 
posite Old  Gradiska,  22  m.  N.  E.  Banjaluka. 

Grade,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  on  the  coast  of 
Friuli,  19  m.  W.  Trieste. 

Grafton,  Cape,  cape,  on  the  co:u==l  of  New  Hoi- 
lcm<i     Lon.  214°  6'  W.  Lat.  lfi°  .ST'  S. 


G  R  A 


G  R  A 


291 


Graflon,  co.  N .  H.  bounded  N.  by  Coos  co.  E. 
by  Straflbrd  co.  S.  by  Cheshire  and  Hillsborough 
counties,  and  W.  by  Connecticut  river  which 
separates  it  from  Vermont.  Pop.  28,462.  Chief 
towns,  Haverhill,  and  Plymouth. 

Graflon,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  30  m.  N.  W.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  931. 

Grafton,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  22  m.  8.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,365. 

Grafton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  8  m.  S.  E. 
Worcester.     Pop.  946. 

Graflon,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  N.  E. 
Albany,  11  E.  Troy.     Pop.  1,410. 

Grafton  Isla?id,  llie  most  northerly  of  the  Ba- 
sliee  islands.     Lon.  239°  W.  Lat.  21°  4'  N. 

Gragnana,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra, 
13  m.  \V.  by  N.  Salerno.     Pop.  5,100. 

Grahamston,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire. 

Graham- s  store,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Grajcro  Point,  the  W.  point  at  the  entrance  of 
Todos  Santos,  ou  the  N.  W^  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  3P  43'  N. 

Grain  Coast.     See  Guinea. 

Graine,  Isle  of,  small  isl.  Eng.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Thames,  2  m.  N.  W.  Sheerness. 

Graisse,  Rivc-r  a  la,  small  r.  Up.  Canada,  which 
falls  into  the  Grand  or  Ottawa  river,  just  before 
the  latter  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Graitney,  or  Gretna  Green,  v.  Scotland,  near 
the  English  frontier,  famous  in  the  annals  of  mat- 
rimonial adventure  for  the  marriage  of  fugitive 
lovers  from  England,  which  are  generally  cele- 
brated here.     Pop.  1,749. 

Graitz,  Greitz,  or  Greicitz,  t.  Saxony,  on  the 
Elster,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Plauen,  12  S.  W.Zwickau. 
Lon.  12°  10'  E.  Lat.  50°  35'  N.     Pop.  6,200. 

Gramat,  t.  France,  20  m.  E.  by  N.  Gordon. 

Grambousa,  small  isl.  Asia  Minor,  E.  of  Cape 
Khelidonia.     Lon.  30°  W  E.  Lat.  36°  14'  N. 

Grammont,  or  Geersberghe,  t.  Netherlands,  on 
the  Dender,  21  m.  W.  S.  W^.  Brussels.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Grampian  Mountains,  a  chain  of  mountains  in 
Scotland,  which,  stretching  like  a  mighty  wall, 
along  the  southern  front  of  the  highlands,  extends 
across  the  island  from  Argyleshire  on  the  Atlantic, 
to  Aberdeenshire,  on  the  German  ocean;  and 
then  forming  another  ridge  in  a  N.  W.  direction, 
extends  to  the  county  of  Moray,  and  the  borders 
»f  Inverness. 

Grampound,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  Cornwall. 
It  sends  2  members  to  parliament.  Pop.  600.  37 
S.  W.  Launceston. 

Gran,  co.  Hungary.  Extent,  406  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
47,000.  Gran,  or  Esztergom,  the  capital,  is  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Danube  and  the  Gran.  Pop. 
6,000.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  who  is 
primate  of  Hungary.  30  m.  N.  W.  Buda,  75  S. 
E.  Presburg.     Lon.  18°  50'  E.  Lat.  47°  40'  N. 

Gran,  r.  Hungary,  which  rises  in  the  palatinate 
of  Gomer,  and  flows  into  the  Danube,  opposite 
Gran. 

Gran  Sasso,  mt.  Naples,  the  highest  of  the  Ap- 
peniues.     Its  elevation  is  8,250  feet. 

Granada,  an  extensive  maritime  province,  in 
the  S.  of  Spain,  nearly  200  miles  long,  and  from 
40  to  70  broad.  It  still  bears  the  title  of  a  king- 
dom, and  is  sometimes  called  Upper  Andalusia. 
The  Viga  de  Granada,  where  the  capital  is  situ- 
ated, is  one  of  the  richest  and  most  delightful 
spofs  in  the  world.  There  are  Martello  towers 
erected  on  certain  parts  of  the  coast,  as  a  defence 
•against  tlie  Barbary  corsairs.     Pop.  661 ,66 1. 


Granada,  a  celebrated  city,  Spain,  cap.  of  the 
province  of  Granada.  The  situation  is  highly  ro- 
mantic, partly  on  hills,  partly  on  level  ground.  The 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  and  the  buildings 
display  visible  marks  of  decay.  Ti>e  cathedral,  and 
the  archbishop's  palace,  are  splendid  buildings. 
But  the  grand  ornament  of  Granada  is  the  Al- 
hambra,  the  palace  of  the  ancient  Moorish  kings  • 
the  building-s  are  very  extensive,  and  form  more 
properly  a  citadel  than  a  palace. — Granada  fell 
into  the  possession  of  the  Moot's,  soon  after  their 
first  invasion  of  Spain  in  711 ;  it  became  a  royal 
residence  in  1013,  attained  its  greatest  prosperity 
in  the  12th  and  13th  centuries,  and  finally  surren- 
dered to  the  Spaniards  in  1492.  The  manufactures 
are  silk  and  woollen  goods,  leather,  saltpetre,  and 
gimpowder.  Granada  is  the  seat  of  a  great  cen- 
tral court  of  justice  for  the  south  of  Spain,  and  ol 
a  university.  123  m.  E.  Seville,  224  S.  Malaga. 
Lon.  3°  46'  E.  Lat.  37°  16'  N.     Pop.  52,000. 

Granada,  city,  Nicaragua,  48  m.  3.  S.  E.  Leoa. 
Lon.  87°  46'  W.  Lat.  10°  12'  N. 

Granard,  t.  Ireland,  in  Longford,  11  m.  N.  E. 
Longford. 

Granby,  t.  Bedford  and  Richelieu  countie?, 
Lower  Canada. 

Granby,  t.  Essex  co.  Vl.  47  m.  N.  E.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  120. 

Granby,  t.  Hampshire  cx).  Maisg.  9  m.  S.  E. 
Northampton,  90  W.  Boston.     Pop.  850. 

Granby,  p-t  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Hartford.  Pop.  2,696.  A  copper  mine  was  for- 
merly wrought  here.  It  is  now  used  for  the  State 
prison,  called  Newgate. 

Granby,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oswego  river. 

Granby,  p-t.  Lexington  co.  S.  C.  at  the  head  ol 
navigation  on  the  Congaree,  2  m.  below  Columbia 
At  this  place,  a  bridge  is  thrown  across  the  river. 

Grand  Anse,  or  Jeremie,  L  Ilispaniola.  Lon. 
74°  5'  W.  Lat.  18°  15'  N. 

Grand  Bassam,  t.  Ivory  coast  of  Guinea.  Lon, 
4°  15' W.  Lat.  5°  25' N. 

Grand  Bay,  on  the  S.  W,  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, a  little  S.  of  Cape  Ray, 

Grand-Bourg-Salagnac,  t.  France,  in  La 
Creuse,  14  m.  W.  Gueret.     Pop.  2,600, 

Grand  Champ,  t.  France,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Vali- 
nes.    Pop.  4,150. 

Grandfathers,  mountains,  in  the  S.  E.  part  of 
Tennessee,  in  which  are  the  head  waters  of  the 
Frenchbroad  and  Catabaw  rivers. 

Grand  isle,  co.  Vt.  comprises  the  peninsula  of 
Alburg,  and  several  islands  in  lake  Champlaiii, 
Pop.  3,445.     Chief  town,  North-hero. 

Grand  Isle,  isl.  at  the  E.  end  of  lake  Ontario, 
opposite  to  Kingston,  (Up.  Canada,). 

Grand  Isle,  large  isl.  N.  Y.  in  Niagt^ra  river.  It 
commences  3  m.  below  Black  Rock,  and  termi- 
nates li  alxtve  the  falls.  It  is  12  miles  long,  and 
from  2  to  7  broad,  and  contains  48,000  acres.  The 
land  is  well  wooded,  and  capable  of  cultivation. 
This  island  is  the  property  of  the  State,  and  con- 
stitutes part  of  the  fund  for  defraying  tlie  expenses 
of  the  Canal. 

Grand,  or  Chilnucook  Lake,  Maine,  the  source 
of  St.  Croix  river.  It  is  30  miles  long,  and  about 
5  broad. 

Grand  Luce,  t,  France,  in  Sarthe,  11  m.  N. 
Chateau  du  Loir. 

Grand  Manan,  isl.  off"  the  coast  of  Maine,  6  m, 
S.  E.  Campo  Bello  island,  and  opposite  to  Passama- 
quoddy  bay.    Lon.  66°  43'  W.  Lat.  44°  48'  N. 

Gravdnn.    .See  Fnirporf 


0  R  A 


Gratvdpre,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  Lake  St.  Peter,  18  m.  W.  Three-Riv- 
ei-s. 

Grand,  or  Geauga  river,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Erie  3  m.  below  Fainesville. 

Grand  river,Y.  Michigan  Territory,  which  enters 
the  E.  side  of  Lake  Michigan.  Its  mouth  is  said 
to  afford  a  good  harbour. 

Grand  river,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 

Grand  river,  r.  N.  America,  wliich  flows  into 
the  Missouri  from  the  N.  240  m.  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  600  miles. 

Grand  river.     See  Ovse. 

Grand  river.     See  Ottavas. 

le  Grand  Ruisseau,  small  r.  Lower  Canada 
which  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  40  m.  be- 
low the  island  of  Orleans. 

Grand  sable,  an  immense  hill  of  sand,  very 
steep  and  lofty,  extending  several  miles  along  the 
S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior. 

Grand  traverse,  islands  in  Lake  Michigan,  ex- 
tending across  the  mouth  of  Green  Bay.  They 
afford  some  tolerable  harbours.  Several  of  the 
channels  between  them  have  sufficient  depth  o 
water  to  admit  schooners  of  200  tons  burthen. 

Grand  view,t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Marietta.     Pop.  4G3. 

Grandvillc,  p-v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

Grande,  Rio,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  sea 
in  lat.  16"=  20'  S.  near  Porto  Seguro. 

Grande,  r.  Zanguebar,  E.  Africa,  which  falls 
into  the  Indian  ocean,  about  lat.  2°  S. 

Grande  Marais,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  falls 
into  Lake  Superior  on  the  S.  shore,  E.  of  the  pen- 
insula of  Shagomigon. 

Grande  Rio,  r,  W.  Africa,  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
20O  m.  S.  of  the  Gambia,  in  lat.  1 1°  N.  Length 
500  miles. 

Grandlieu,  t.  France,  11  m.  S.  W.  Nantes.  Pop. 
2,100. 

Grandola,  t.  Portugal,  27  m.  S.  E.  Setuval. 

Grandvilliers,  t.  Picardy,  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Beau- 
Tais.     Lon.  2°  2'  E.  Lat.  49°  39'  N. 

Grange,  La,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Hispanio- 
la,  14  leagues  E.  by  N.  Cape  Francois.  Lon.  72° 
30'  W.  Lat.  19°  54'  30"  N. 

Grangemnuih,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirling.  Its  port 
is  frequented  by  vessels  from  the  Baltic,  Norway, 
and  Sweden.     3  m.  E.  by  N.  Falkirk.     Pop.  800. 

Changer,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  E. 
Hudson.     Pop.  2,614. 

Granger,  co.  East  Tennessee,  on  Clinch  river, 
which  separates  it  from  Clairborne  co.  Pop,  6,397. 
Slaves,  537.     Chief  town,  Rutledge. 

Granger,  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  on  T^ake  Erie, 
at  the  mouth  of  Rocky  river,  7  m.  W.  Cleve- 
land. 

Granja,  La.     See  St.  Ildefonso. 

Granitza,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,"  between  Livadia  and 
Thebes. 

Granmee,  t.  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  34 
ra.  N.N.  W.Berlin. 

Granson,  or  Gransee,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  the 
Vaud,  on  the  lake  of  Neufchatel,  6  m.  S.  W.  Neuf- 
chatel.     Pop.  2, 150. 

Grant,  co.  Kentucliy. 

Granta,  r.  Eng.  which  unites  above  Cambridge 
with  a  strejun  from  Bedfordshire,  to  form  the 
Cam. 

Grantham,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire, 
AH  the  Witham,  30  m.  S.  Lincoln,  110  N.by  W, 
London.  Lon.  0^  38'  W.  Lat.  32°  55'  N.  Pop, 
3,646. 


G  R  A 

Grftntham,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  St.  Francis  river,  25  m.  S.  Three-Rivers. 

Grant/tarn,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

Graiitovm,  v,  Scotland,  in  Morayshire,  on  the 
great  road  to  Inverness,  30i  m.  S.  E.  Fort  George, 

Grantdick,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 

Grantsville.  p-v.  Green  co.  Geo, 

Granville,  s-p.  France,  in  La  Manche,  12  m,  N. 
W.  Avranche?,  13  S.  S.  W.  Coutances,  Lon,  1° 
35'  W,  Lat.  48°  50'  N.     Pop.  5,500. 

Granville,  t.  Annapolis  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
bay  of  Fundy  at  the  mouth  of  Annapolis  river, 

Granville,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  80  m» 
N.  E.  Quebec. 

Granville,  and  Lachenaye,  seigiiioiy,  Cornwal- 
lis CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  87  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Granville,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Springfield.     Pop.  1,504. 

Granville,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  E. 
Whitehall,  60  N.  E.  Albany.  Pop.  3,717,  It 
contains  3  villages,  an  academy,  and  5  churches. 
It  is  watered  by  Pawlet  and  Indian  rivers,  on 
which  are  many  mills.  In  this  town  is  a  quarry 
of  good  marble. 

Granville,  p-t.  Licking  co,  Ohio,  27  m,  N.  E. 
Columbus,  32  W,  Zanesville.  Lon,  80°  45'  W. 
Lat.  40'' 5' N.  It  has  a  bank.  Here  is  also  a  furnace. 

Granville  mills^,  p-v.  Charles  city  co.  Va. 

Grao,  s-p.  Spain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadal- 
aviar.     It  is  the  port  of  V^alencia. 

Graselits,  t.  Bohemia,  19  m.  N.  E.  Eger.  Lon. 
12°  30' E.  Lat.  50°  18' N. 

Grass,  r.  St.  Lawrence,  co.  N.  Y.which  runs  in- 
to the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  St.  Regis  island,  af- 
ter a  course  of  125  miles.  In  Canton,  it  is  connec- 
ted by  a  natural  canal  with  the  Oswegatchie. 

Grasse,  t.  France,  in  Var,  19  m.  W.  S.  W,  Nice. 
Lon.  6"  55'  E.  Lat.  43°  39'  N.     Pop.  12,500. 

Grasty^s  store,  p-v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 

Gratiosa,  isl.  one  of  the  Azores,  about  20  miles 
in  circumference.  The  chief  town  is  Santa  Cruz. 
Lon.  27°  56'  W.  Lat.  39°  2'  N. 

Gratiot.     See  Fort  Gratiot. 

Gratis,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Gratz,  city,  Germany,  Inner  Austria,  in  the 
circle  of  Gratz,  on  the  Muhr.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a  university. 
It  has  22  churches  and  chapels.  56  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Cilley,  100  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  15°  26'  E.  Lat. 
47°  4'  N.     Pop.  40,000. 

Gratz,  one  of  the  circles  into  which  the  duchy 
of  Styria  was  divided.  It  comprises  the  north- 
ern part  of  Lower  Styria,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the 
Muhr.  Extent,  2,100  square  miles.  Pop.  295,000. 

Gratz,  t.  Bohemia,  94  m.  S.  Prague.  Lon.  14° 
43'  E.  Lat.  48°  47'  N. 

Gratz,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  on  the  Mora,  4  m.  S. 
Troppau. 

Graudenfz,  or  Grudziadz,  t.  W.  Prussia,  at  the 
confluence  of  tlie  Vistula  and  the  Ossa,  14  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Culm,  55  S.  Dautzic.  Lon.  15°  47'  E.  Lat. 
56°  18'  N.     Pop.  6,700. 

Grave,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Maese,  9  m.  S.  by 
W.  Nimeguen, 

Grave  creek,  p-v.  Ohio  co,  Va.  on  the  Ohio,  12 
m.  below  Wheeling, 

Gravelines,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  on  the 
Aa,  near  the  sea,  9  m.  W.  S.  W.  Dunkirk,  39 
N,  W.  Lille.  Lon.  2°  V  50'^  E.  Lat.  50°  59'  10" 
N.     Pop.  2,800. 


G  R  E 


G  R  E 


293 


Gravmmachern,]  t.  Netherlands,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Moselle  and  the  Sure,  12  m,  S.  W.  Tre- 
ves, 15  E.  N.  E.  Luxemburg. 

Gravesande,  place  in  South  Holland,  11  m.  S. 
Hague. 

Gravesend,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Thames,  near  its  mouth.  It  forms  the  avenue  to 
the  port  of  London.  Here  every  outward  bound 
vessel  must  anchor,  to  be  examined  and  obtain  its 
clearance,  and  every  inward  bound  vessel  must 
receive  on  board  the  custom-houseofficers,  a  num- 
ber of  whom  are  here  constantly  stationed  for  the 
purpose.  Outward  bound  ships  are  here  supplied 
witli  live  and  dead  stock,  and  vegetables.  21  i  m. 
E.  London,  7  W.  Rochester.  Lon.  3°  22'  E.  Lat. 
51°26'N.     Pop.  3,119. 

Gravesejid,  t.  Kings  co.  Long-Island,  N.  Y.  on 
the  sea  coast,  4  m.  S.  Flatbush,  9i  S.  New-York. 
Pop.  520.  Gravesend  beach  is  a  frequent  resort 
for  parties  of  pleasure  from  the  city. 

Gravina,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  8,800.  10  m.  W.  Matera,  27  S.  Trani.  Lon. 
16°  31'  E.  Lat.  40=^  54'  N. 

Gravina' s  Islands,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  54°  52'  to  55<=  27'  N. 

Gravosa.     See  67.  Croix. 

Gray,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Upper  Saone,  28  m.  N. 
E.  Dijon.  Lon.  5°  36'  48"  E.  Lat.  47°  29'  52"  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Gray,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N. 
Portland.    Pop.  1,310. 

Gray's  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Co- 
lumbia, on  the  N.  W.  coastof  America.  Lat.  46° 
19' N. 

Gray's  Harbour,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A- 
merica.     Lat.  47°  N. 

Grayson,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  Washington, 
Wythe,  Montgomerj',  and  Patrick  counties,  and 
North-Carolina.  Pop.  4,941.  Slaves,  270.  Chief 
town,  Greenville.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Grayson,  co.Ken.     Pop.  2,301.     Slaves,  103. 

Grazakma,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  8  m.  W.  Ron- 
da.     Pop.  3,000. 

Great  Jlustralasian  Bight,  an  immense  bay, 
formed  by  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland.  The  head 
of  this  bight  is  in  lon.  131°  10'  E.  lat.  31°  29'  S. 

Great  Barrington.     See  Barrington,  Great. 

Great  Bay,  N.  H.  the  W.  branch  of  the  Piscat- 
aqua.  It  receives  Exeter  and  Lamprey  rivers, 
and  unites  with  the  main  branch  of  the  Piscataqua 
at  Hilton's  point,  5  m.  above  Portsmouth. 

Great  bridge,  p-v.  Norfolk  co.  Va. 

Great  crossings,  p-v.  Scott  co.  Ken. 

Great  Island,  isl.  Ireland,  in  Cork  harbour. 

Great  Island,  isl.  in  Bass's  strait,  between  New 
Holland  and  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Lon.  48°  E. 
Lat.  40°  S. 

Great  Island.     See  .Yew  Castle,  N.  H. 

Great  mills,  p-v.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 

Great  works,  r.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  which 
flows  into  the  E.  side  of  the  Penobscot,  2  m.  below 
the  great  falls,  10  above  tide  water. 

Grebna,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  50  m.  N. 
by  E.  Joannina,  56  S.  W.  Salonica. 

Greece,  a  name  applied  to  that  part  of  Europe 
inhabited  by  the  descendants  of  the  ancient 
Greeks.  The  continental  part  embracing  that 
portion  of  Turkey,  which  lies  south  of  the  parallel 
of  41°  30',  is  a  peninsula,  jutting  out  into  the  Med- 
iterranean, and  separated  by  the  Ionian  sea  from 
the  peninsula  of  Italy  on  the  west,  and  by  the 
Archipelago,  from  Asia  Minor  on  the  east.  In  the 
former  sea  are  situated  the  Seven  Islands,  consti- 


tuting the  Ionian  republic ;  in  the  latter,  about 
100  islands  of  various  size.  AIL  these  may 
strictly  be  considered  as  a  component  part  of 
Greece.  Near  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
peninsula,  is  the  sub-peninsula  of  the  Morea,  (the 
ancient  Peloponnesus,)  connected  with  the  main 
land  by  the  narrow  isthmus  of  Corinth.  The 
whole  extent  of  Greece  is  estimated  at  40,000  sq. 
miles  ;  and  the  population  at  4,000,000,  of  which 
number  3,000,000  are  Greeks,  and  the  rest,  Turks, 
Jews,  &c. 

Down  the  middle  of  the  peninsula,  and  parallel 
to  its  two  coasts,  runs  a  continuous  range  of  lofty 
mountains,  varying  in  height  from  7  to  8,000  feet 
in  the  northern  and  central  part,  to  as  many  hun- 
dred near  the  southern  extremity.  Of  the  former 
height  may  be  reckoned  the  ridge  of  Pindus  and 
Parnassus,  while  Panics,  Pentelicus,  and  Hymet- 
tus,  in  Attica,  do  not  exceed  the  latter.  Branches 
are  thrown  off  towards  either  coast  from  this  cen- 
tral chain  ;  to  the  eastward,  tlie  celebrated  Olym- 
pus, rising  near  the  head  of  the  gull' of  Salonica,  to 
the  height  of  6,000  feet,  forms  the  north  extremity 
of  an  inferior  chain,  consisting  of  Ossaand  Pelion, 
(Eta  and  Othrys,  and  continuing  in  a  S.  E.  direc- 
tion through  the  island  of  Negropont.  To  the 
westward  of  the  main  range  are  the  rugged  and 
mountainous  countries  of  Epirus,  ^tolia,  and 
Acharnania.  The  highest  mountains  of  the  Mo- 
rea are  the  Cyllenian  range,  near  the  west  coast, 
and  the  Taygetus  near  the  S.  extremity.  Exten- 
sive plains  of  considerable  elevation  above  thft 
level  of  the  sea,  are  encircled  by  the  mountain 
ranges.  Of  these,  Thessaly,  Boeotia,  and  Arca- 
dia, still  preserve  their  ancient  character.  The 
rivers  by  which  these  plains  are  watered  are  lit- 
tle more  than  mountain  streams,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Peneus,  or  Salympria,  whose  numerous 
branches,  after  intersecting  the  plain  of  Thessaly, 
unite  and  discharge  themselves  through  the  cele- 
brated defile  of  Tempe  into  the  gulf  of  Salonica, 
and  the  Alpheus,  which  waters  the  verdant  plaim 
of  Arcadia  and  Elis. 

The  climate  of  Greece  is  more  severe  in  winter, 
and  "in  many  parts  warmer  in  summer,  than  that 
of  the  South  of  Italy.  On  the  elevated  plains  of 
the  Morea,  snow  sometimes  covers  the  plain  of 
Tripolitza,  to  the  depth  of  18  inches.  In  the  lower 
region  of  Attica,  the  atmosphere  is  more  mode- 
rate and  equable  than  in  most  other  parts  of 
Greece,  the  air  being  generally  clear,  dry,  and 
temperate. — The  general  produce  of  the  plains  of 
Greece  is  wheat,  barley,  rice,  maize,  millet,  and 
tobacco.  In  Boeotia,  the  soil  is  very  rich.  On 
the  plains  of  Thessaly,  are  cultivated  extensive 
groves  of  mulberry-trees,  for  the  silk  worm.  The 
Morea  is  celebrated  for  the  excellence  of  its  silks, 
and  all  the  accounts  given  by  the  ancient  Greeks, 
of  the  fertility  of  Messenia,  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of 
the  Morea,  are  realized  at  this  day  in  every  spe- 
cies of  produce,  more  especially  in  corn,  wine, 
and  figs.  The  richest  produce  of  Attica,  is  the  ol- 
ive. Hymettus  has  from  time  immemorial  been 
celebrated  for  the  excellence  of  its  honey.  It  is 
still  in  such  esteem  that  presents  of  it  are  annually 
sent  to  Constantinople.  The  cotton  plant  is  in 
general  cultivation.  The  sea-coa^t  abounds  with 
a  great  variety  of  of  excellent  fish,  but  the  inhab- 
itants are  very  inexpert  fishermen.  The  nume> 
rous  gulfs,  creeks,  bays,  and  harbours,  with  which 
Greece  is  indented,  afford  both  convenience  and 
security  for  shipping,  and  the  disposition  of  the 
modern  Greeks  for  active  and  enterprising  exer- 


294 


G  R  E 


tioh,  gives  them  a  strong  bias  towards  commercial 
pursuits.  There  are  many  wealthy  Greek  mer- 
chants on  the  continent  and  among  the  islands. 
The  Mainiotes,  at  the  southern  extremity  of  tlie 
Morea,  were  daring  and  resolute  freebooters,  but 
their  piracies  of  late  years  have  been  greatly 
checked  by  habits  of  industry,  and  an  increasing 
commerce. 

Much  has  been  said  of  late  in  Europe  of  the  res- 
toration of  ancient  Greece,  and  the  Greeks 
themselves  have  begun  to  direct  their  attention  to 
literary  pursuits.  The  progress  made  in  the  last 
thirty  years,  in  the  ancient  Greek  language,  and 
in  general  literature,  is  very  considerable  ;  and  in 
the  same  period,  the  Romaic,  or  modern  Greek, 
has  made  approaches  towards  the  Hellenic.  That 
language,  in  its  worst  state,  bears  about  the  same 
relation  to  the  ancient  Greek,  as  the  old  Italian  to 
the  Latin.  The  Hellenic  language  is  now  exten- 
sively cultivated  botli  in  and  out  of  Greece.  With 
their  literary  improvement,  the  desire  for  the  res- 
toration of  their  independence  has  been  increas- 
ed, and  among  the  higher  class  of  citizens,  there 
prevails  a  very  acute  feeling,  at  their  present  de- 
graded state,  and  a  degree  of  enthusiasm  and  ven- 
eration for  their  ancient  heroes,  poets,  philoso- 
phers, and  statesmen,  which  would  do  honour  to 
any  nation. 

Greeih,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,497. 

Green,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1815,8,080.    Chief  town,  Xenia. 

Green,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

Green,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  670. 

Green,  t.  Chnton  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W.  Wilmington. 

Green,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Green,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

Green,  L  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  3m.  W.  Gallipolis. 

Green,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N.  E.  Cadiz. 

Green,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Green,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  7  m.  N. 
ChiUicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,300. 

Green,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  10  m.  S. 
E.  Portsmouth. 

Green,  p-t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

Green,  t  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  E.  War- 
ren. 

Green,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  E.  Wooster. 
Pop.  in  1819,  300. 

Green  Bank,  bank  off  Newfoundland,  129  miles 
long  and  48  wide.  Lon.  oS"^  30'  to.  57°  50'  W. 
Lat.45°30'to46°50'N. 

Green  bay,  or  Bay  Piian,  a  large  bay  on  the  W. 
side  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  extends  from  the  north 
end  of  the  Lake  90  miles,  in  a  S.  W.  direction,  and 
is  15  or  20  miles  wide.  Across  its  entrance  is  a 
chain  of  islands,  called  the  Grand  traverse,  which 
shelters  the  bay  from  the  winds  that  often  blow 
with  violence  across  the  Lake.  Several  of  the 
channels  between  them  are  of  sufficient  depth  to 
admit  vessels  of  200  tons  burthen,  which  traverse 
the  bay  and  ascend  Fox  river  several  miles.  Green 
bay  abounds  with  fish,  particularly  sturgeon  and 
white  fish.  It  has  several  small  bays,  the  principal 
of  which  is  Sturgeon's  bay.  The  principal  rivers 
which  it  receives,  are  Fox  and  Menominy. 

Green  bay,  settlement,  Michigan  Territory,  on 
Fox  river,  1^  m.  above  its  entrance  into  Green 
bay.  184  m.  S.  W.  Mackinaw,  220  N.  Chicago, 
360  E.  Prairie  du  Chien,  by  Fox  and  Ouisconsin 
rivers.  Lon.  87°  58'  W.  Lat.  45°  N.  It  extends 
along  both  sides  of  the  river  about  4  miles.  Here 
are  about  80  families,the  descendants  of  the  French 
Jesuits,  who  settled  here  in  1700 ;  but  by  intermar- 


G  RE 

riages  willi  the  Indians,  they  have  now  became., 
almost  without  exception,  of  mixed  blood.  The 
country  around  this  settlement  is  at  present  chiefly 
occupied  by  the  Menominy  Indians.  It  hasahealth- 
ful  and  sufficiently  mild  climate,a  fertile  soil, water- 
ed by  numerous  rivers,  and  its  position  between  the 
great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi,  renders  it  a  very 
eligible  place  for  settlement.     See  Fort  Howard. 

Green  briar,  r-  Va.  which  falls  into  the  E.  side  of 
the  Kenhaway,  at  the  place  where  it  breaks 
through  the  Laurel  ridge,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
New  river.     Lat.  38°  N. 

Green  briar,  co.  Va.  on  Green  briar  river.  Pop. 
5,914.     Slaves,  494.     Chief  town,  Lewisburg. 

Greenbush,  p-t,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  opposite  Albany.  Pop.  4,458.  The.  U. 
States  barracks  in  this  town,  are  situated  about  a 
mile  from  the  river,  and  are  in  full  view  from  Al- 
bany. 

Greeneastle,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

Gretncastle,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Lancaster,  18  S.  E.  Columbus. 

Greene,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  on  the  An- 
droscoggin, 24m.  S.  W.  Augusta,  39  N.Portland. 
Pop.  1,277. 

Greene,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson^ 
and  on  its  other  sides  inclosed  by  Albany,  Scho- 
harie, Delaware,  and  Ulster  counties.  Pop. 
19,536.     Chief  town,  Catskill. 

Greene,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  W. 
Norwich,  120  W.  S.  VV;  Albany.     Pop.  1,279. 

Greene,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Washington  co. 
E.  by  the  Monongalieia,  which  separates  it  from 
Fayette  co.  S.  and  W.  by  Virginia.  Pop.  12,544. 
Chieftown,  VVaynesborough. 

Greene,  p-t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,708. 

Greene,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  4,867.  Slaves,  1,842. 
Chief  town,  Snowville. 

Greene,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee.  Pop.  11,679. 
Slaves,  5,236.     Chieftown,  Greensborough. 

Greene,  co.  Alabama. 

Greene,  co.  Mississippi,  bordering  on  the  State 
of  Alabama.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Greeyie,  co.  Ten.  on  French  broad  river.  Pop. 
9,713.     Slaves,  655.     Chieftown,  Greenville. 

Greene,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  6,735.  Slaves,  1,401. 
Chieftown,  Green.sburg. 

Greenfield,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.24  m.  S.  W, 
Concord.     Pop.  980. 

Greenfield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  2  J  m.  N.  North- 
ampton. Pop.  1,165.  It  contains  a  handsome 
village,  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Episcopalians,  a  court-house, 
and  jail,  and  printing-office,  from  which  a  weekly 
paper  is  issued.  Much  of  the  trade  of  the  county 
is  carried  on  here. 

Greenfield,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N, 
Ballston,  36  N.  Albany.     Pop.  3,087. 

Greenfield,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  855. 

Greenfield,  p-t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  on  Paint 
creek,  20  m.  N.  E.  Hillsborough. 

Greenfield,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  N.  Lancas- 
ter. 

Greenfield,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  W.  Galli- 
polis. 

Green  garden,  p-v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

Green  hill,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Green  Island,  isl.  off  the  N.  shore  of  Van  Die- 
men's  Land. 

Green  Island,  isl,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  110  m, 
below  Quebec. 

Greenland,  a  country,  boiinded  E.  by  the  At- 


G  R  £ 

lautic,  and  separated  from  Labrador  on  the  S.  W. 
by  Davis'  straits.  It  is  not  ascertained  whether 
ft  is  a  peninsula  or  an  island,  although  the  recent 
discoveries  in  the  Polar  regions  render  it  highly 
probable  that  it  is  wholly  detached  from  the  con- 
tinent. It  extends  as  far  south  as  Cape  Farewell, 
in  lat.  59°  30'  N.  Its  northern  limits  are  un- 
known. The  eastern  coast  is  commonly  called 
East  Greenland,  and  the  western,  West  Green- 
land, but  the  v/hale-fishers  call  the  whole  West 
Greenland,  and  apply  the  name  East  Greenland 
to  Spitzbei^en  and  the  adjacent  islands.  Nothing 
is  known  of  this  extensive  country,  but  its  coast. 
The  interior  is  wholly  inaccessible,  on  account  of 
the  everlasting  ice  with  which  its  mountains  are 
covered.  The  eastern  coast  also  has,  for  centu- 
ries, been  cut  ofl'  from  European  intercourse,  by 
the  vast  bodies  of  ice  with  which  its  shores  are 
lined.  The  severity  of  the  climate  forbids  the 
growth  of  every  thing  but  a  few  miserable  stint- 
ed trees  and  shrubs.  The  whole  population 
does  not  exceed  ^0,000;  and  they  are  confin- 
ed to  the  coast,  deriving  a  miserable  sub- 
sistence from  seals,  birds,  and  fishes;  and  are 
sometimes  under  the  necessity  of  living  on 
sea  weed  and  train  oil.  The  natives  were  for- 
merly Pagans,  and  addicted  to  some  cruel  cus- 
toms, but  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Mo- 
ravian missionaries  they  have,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  been  converted  to  Christianity.  There 
are  11  missionaries,  in  3  missionary  settlements, 
at  New  Herrnhut,  Lichtenfels,  and  Lichtenau. 

Greenland,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  Great 
bay,  4  m.  S.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  592. 

Greenland,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 

Green  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains,  which 
commence  in  Vermont,  near  the  Canada  line,  and 
running  S.  through  the  western  parts  of  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut,  termi- 
nate at  New  Haven,  on  Long  Island  Sound. 
The  northern  part  of  the  range  is  pierced  by  sev- 
eral of  the  great  rivers  which  run  into  lake  Cham- 
plain.  The  highest  summits  are  Camels  Rump, 
and  Mansfield  mountains  in  Vermont,  each  more 
than  4,000  feet  high. 

Green  Point,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Florida,  in 
Pensacola  bay.     Lon.  87°  4'  VV.  Lat.  30°  31'  N. 

Greenaae,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  Aa,  near  the 
Cattegat,  32  m.  N.  E.  Aarhuus.  Lon,  10°  58'  57 " 
E.  Lat.  56°  24'  N. 

Greenhithe,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the 
Thames,  3  m.  E.  Dartford. 

Greenock,  the  chief  s-p.  of  Scotland,  is  in  Ren- 
frewshire, on  the  Clyde,  'i'he  manufactories  of 
the  place  are  sugar-houses,  rope-walks,  soap  and 
candle-works,  tan-works,  potteries,  bottle  and 
crystal-works,  breweries,  a  sailcloth  manufacto- 
ry; to  these  may  be  added  ship-building  to  a  great 
extent,  in  which  the  place  ha's  long  excelled. — 
Prior  to  1697,  Greenock  was  an  inconsiderable 
fishing  station,  but  it  is  now  a  flourishing  town, 
and  place  of  good  trade.  The  harbor  is  very  spa- 
cious and  commodious ;  within  these  few  years, 
the  quay.«  have  been  removed  farther  out  to  a 
greater  depth  of  water,  and  now  quays  have 
been  built  to  the  eastward  of  the  old  harbor,  at 
which  there  is  from  16  to  26  feet  water,  and  from 
10  to  15  at  low  water.  It  is  now  capable  of  con- 
taining 500  sail  of  ships.  On  t^e  10th  October, 
1818,  the  registered  shipping  were  40,195  tons. 
The  duties  of  customs  for  the  year  ending  10th 
"      ber.   18U;,  vrcre  ^5l,.5C7/.      Pop.  in   n",?. 


G  R  E 


295 


iW 


3,900;  in  1811,  exclusive  of  those  at  sea,  19,042. 
Lon.  0'=  18'  58"  W.  Lat.  55°  57'  2"  N. 

Green  river,  r.  Ken,  which  rises  in  Lincoln  co, 
and  flowing  W.  joins  the  Ohio,  200  m.  below 
Louisville,  50  above  the  mouth  of  the  Cumber- 
land. It  is  200  yanls  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  is 
navigable  for  boats  nearly  200  miles. 

Greensborough,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  27  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  566. 

Greensborough,  p-t.  Caroline  co.  Md.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Choptank  creek,  7  m.  N.  Danton,  22  S.  E. 
Chester. 

Greensborough,  p-v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

Greensborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  Geo. 
30  m.  S.  Athens,  40  N.  Milledgeville,  78  W.  by 
S.  Augusta. 

Greemburg,  p-t,  Westchester  co,  N,  Y,  on  the 
Hudson,  28  m.  above  New  York.     Pop.  1,862. 

Greensburg,  p-t.  and  borough,  Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Sewickly  creek,  one  of 
the  sources  of  the  Yioughiogany,  30  m.  S.  E. 
by  E.  Pittsburg,  75  fr.  Bedford.  Pop.  685.  It 
contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  bank,  an  acade- 
my, and  a  German  Calvinist  church. 

Greensburg,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa,  10  m.  N.  Beaver- 
town.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Greensburg,  p-t,  and  cap,  Greene  co.  Ken,  on 
Green  river,"  69  m.  W.  Lexington,  95  E.  Russel- 
ville.  Pop,  130.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  a  bank. 

Greenvalley,  p-v,  Bath  co,  Va, 

Greenville,  t,  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Ot- 
tawa river,  50  m,  W,  Montreal. 

Greenville,  p-t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  CatskiU 
creek,  14  m.  N.  W.  Athens,  25  S.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,300. 

GreenriUe,   co.    Va.    inclosed    by  Brunswick, 
Southampton  and  Sussex  counties,  and  N.  Caro- 
lina.    Pop.  6,853.     Slaves,  4,599.     Chief  town,       \ 
Hickford. 

Greenville,  p-v.  Augusta  co.  Va.  12  m,  S.  S.  W. 
Staunton. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pitt  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
S.  bank  of  Tar  river,  1 10  m.  fr.  Ocrecock  inlet, 
23  fr.  Washington.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  and  an  academy. 

Greenpi7Ze,  district,  S,  C.  Pop.  13,133.  Slaves, 
2,353. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greenville  co.  S.C.  on 
Reedy  river,  110  m.  N.  Augusta,  (Geo.)  110  ft'. 
Columbia.  The  air  is  cool  and  healthful,  and 
many  persons  from  the  low  country  of  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  reside  here  in  summer. 

Greenville,  t.  Darlington  co.  S.  C.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Great  Pedee  riVer,  55  E.  N.  E.  Camden, 
90  N,  E.  Columbia. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Missis- 
sippi, 21  m.  N.  E.  Natches. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Green  co.  Tennessee. 
on  the  head  waters  of  French  broad  river,  26  m. 
W.  Jonesboro',  81  E.  Knoxville.  The  village 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  Presbyterian  meet- 
ing-house, and  about  100  dwelling-houses.  A 
few  miles  south  of  the  village  is  Greenville  col- 
lege, a  flourishing  institution,  incoqxjrated  iii 
1794.     It  has  between  70  and  80  students. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Muhlenburg  co.  Kcu, 
35  m,  N.N.  W.  Russelville,  180  fr.  Lexington, 
Here  is  a  bank. 

Greenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Dark  co.  Ohio,  80  m. 
N.  Cincinnati,  86  W.  Columbus.  Lon.  84°  32'  W. 
Lat.  40''  2'  N.    In  .\n?.  ]7P''>.  r-  rTrn"n=  ire^t-v  ws' 


29G 


G  R  E 


G  R  I 


made  here  by  Gen.  Wayne,  on  the  pail  of  the 
U.  S.  with  the  Indians. 

Greenville  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  S.  W. 
branch  of  Miami  river. 

Greenup,  co.  Ken.     Pop.  2,369.     Slaves,  488. 

Greenupsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greenup  co. 
Ken. 

Greenville  Bay,  or  La  Bay,  t.  and  port  of  en- 
try, on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Grenada. 

Greenwich,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Thames,  immediately  below  Deptford,  cele- 
brated for  its  splendid  hospital ;  and,  above  all, 
for  its  observatory,  which,  instituted  more  imme- 
diately for  the  advancement  of  navigation,  has 
rendered  such  important  services  to  astronomy. 
Greenwich  hospital  consists  at  present  of  four  ex- 
tensive piles  of  building,  and  now  accommodates 
nearly  3,000  seamen,  while  5,400  out-pensioners 
are  assisted  from  the  funds.  I'he  widows  of  sea- 
men have  the  exclusive  privilege  of  being  nurses. 
The  expense  of  each  pensioner  is,  at  an  average, 
27/.  10s.  9rf.;  nurses,  Wl  13s.;  and  tlie  total, 
69,000Z.  per  annum.  The  revenue  of  the  hospital 
is  derived,  in  part,  from  a  duty  of  6rf.  per  month, 
deducted  from  the  pay  of  seamen.  5i  m.  E.  Lon- 
don-bridge. Lon.  0°  0'.  Lat.  51°  29'  N.  Pop. 
16,947. 

Greenwich,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  E. 
Northampton,  75  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,225. 

Greenwich,  East,  p-t.  and  cap.  Kent  co.  R.  I. 
on  the  N.  W.  arm  of  Narraganset  bay,  16  m.  S. 
Providence,  22  N.  N.  W.  Newport.  Pop.  1,530. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  an  academy, 
and  2  churches. 

Greenwich,  West,  t  Kent  co.  R.  I.     Pop.  1,619. 

Greenwich,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long-Isl- 
and sound,  38  m.  E.  New  York,  48  W.  New  Ha- 
ven.    Pop.  3,533. 

Greenwich,  p-t  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  at  the  mouth  of  Battenkill,  8  m.  W.  Sa- 
lem, 37  N.  Albany.  Pop.  2,752.  It  contains  an 
academ)^,  and  2  churches,  and  many  manufacto- 
ries. 

Greemvich,  v.  included  within  the  limits  of  the 
city  of  New  York. 

Greenwich,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
N.  W.  bank  of  Cohanzy  creek,  3  m.  above  its  en- 
trance into  Delaware  bav,  15  S.  E.  Salem.  Pop. 
858. 

Greenwich,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Dela- 
ware, 6  m.  S.  E.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  2,859. 

Greenwicli,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  riv- 
er, 5  m.  above  Easton,  (Pa.)  31  S.  Newton.  Pop. 
2,528. 

G  reenwich,  t.  B  erks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1 , 1 04. 

Greenwich,  p-v.  Charleston  district,  S.  C. 

Greenwood,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Pari?. 

Greenwood,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,182. 

Greenwood,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,102. 

Grees,  r.  Ireland,  in  Kildare,  which  joins  the 
Barrow,  6  m.  S.  Athy. 

Gregory,  Cape,  a  high  rocky  bluff,  on  the  N.W. 
•  ;oast  of  America.     Lat.  43°  23'  N. 

Gregou,  or  Gregwa.     See  Griwhee. 

Gregstown,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Millstone  river,  6  m.  N.  E.  Princeton. 

Greifenberg,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Queiss,  8  m,  S. 
W.  Lowenberg,  Lon.  15°  30'  E.  Lat.  50°  59'  N. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Greifenhvgen,  t,  Pomerania,  on  the  Oder,  37  m. 


N.  Custrim,  12  S.  Oki  Stettin.    Lon.  14'^  36'  E. 
Lat.  53°  20'  N.     Pop.  3,400. 

Greifswalde,  t.  Pomerania,  belonging  to  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Rick,  2  m.  above  its  influx  into  tbr 
Baltic,  15  m.  S.  E.  Stralsund.  Lon.  13°  33'  15 
E.  Lat.  54°  4'  35"  N.     Pop.  3,750. 

Grenada,  JVeu'.     See  Granada. 

Grenada,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  20  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.  and  10  broad  in  tlie  centre.  The 
soil  is  fertile  in  a  high  degree,  seems  adapted  to 
every  tropical  production.  Indigo,  sugar,  tobac- 
co, coffee,  cocoa,  and  cotton,  thrive  well  in  it, 
and  game  is  abundant.  St.  George,  the  capital, 
is  situated  in  a  spacious  bay  on  the  west  of  the  isl- 
and, and  possesses  one  of  the  safest  and  most  com- 
modious harbors  for  shipping  in  the  British  West 
Indies.  The  island  originally  belonged  to  the 
French,  but  since  1762  has  been  in  the  possession 
of  the  English.  In  1809,  the  value  of  the  imports 
was  439,453/.;  exports,  189,800/.  The  popula- 
tion has  decreased  considerably  since  it  has  "be- 
longed to  the  English.  The  pop.  in  1811  was — 
slaves,  29,381 ;  whites,  771  ;  free  people  of  col- 
our, 1210;  total,  31,362.  123  m.  S.  W.  Barba- 
does,  71  N.W.Tobago.  Lon.  61°  43' W.  Lat 
12°  21'  N. 

Grenade,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Toulouse. 
Pop.  3,250. 

Grenadillas,  or  Grenadines,  cluster  of  islands 
in  the  W.  Indies,  between  Grenada  and  St.  Vin- 
cent's. 

Grenoble,  large  t.  in  the  S.  E.  of  France,  cap. 
of  Isere,  on  the  river  Isere,  near  the  junction  of 
the  Drac.  Grenoble,  though  not  a  fine  town,  has 
several  spacious  squares.  It  is  surrounded  with 
ramparts,  and  entered  by  draw-bridges.  Its 
glove  manufactures  have  long  been  celebrated, 
and  emplov  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  population. 
27  m.  S.  Chamberry.  Lon,  5°  43'  49"  E.  Lat.  45° 
11'42''N.     Pop  23,000. 

Grenouilles,  Les,  a  cluster  of  roclcs,  36  m.  S.  E. 
Point  Morand,  in  the  island  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  76° 
32' E.  Lat.  17°32'N. 

Grenville,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  47°  22'  N. 

Grenville' s  Canal,  channel,  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America,  which  separates  Pitt's  archipelago 
from  the  coast  of  New  Cornwall. 

Gretna  Green.     See  Graitney. 

Greien,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  Ems,  11m. 
N.  E.  Munster. 

Greulsen,  t.  Saxony,  16  m.  N.  E.  Erfurt.  Lon. 
11^=  3' E.  Lat.  51°  6'N. 

Grey,  or  Upper  League.     See  Grisons. 

Grey,  Cape,  cape,  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 
Lon.  136°  42'  E.  Lat.  13°  1'  S.  It  forms  the  S. 
point  of  Caledon  Bay. 

Grey,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  49°  19' N. 

Grezzano,  t.  Au-itrian  Italy,  13  m.  N.  Verona. 
The  natural  bridge  in  the  neighbourhood,  called 
the  Bridge  of  Veja,  connects  two  hills.  The  arch 
is  50  feet  broad,  and  114  high. 

Griersbwrg,  p-t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

Grignan,t.  France,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Montelimart. 

Grigoriopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  on  the 
Dniester,  18  m.  N.  by  W.  Bender. 

Griguet  Bay,  bay,  at  the  N.  E.  extremity  of 
Newfoundland.  Lon.  55°  24'  W.  Lat.  51° 
40' N. 

Grimma,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  15  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Leipsic,  42  W.  N.  W.  Dresden.  Pop 
3,000. 


G  R  O 


G  R  O 


291 


Grimsboys,  p-v.  Faquier,  co.  Va. 

Grimsby,  Great,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  on  the 
S.  bank  oi"  the  Humber,  near  its  mouth.  It  was 
once  rich  and  populous,  with  considerable  trade ; 
but  the  harbor  becomin;^  choked  up,  it  gradually 
declined.  Of  late,  however,  the  harbor  has  been 
improved,  a  dock  constructed  at  great  expense, 
and  the  trade  has  again  revived.  It  is  a  borough, 
and  sends  2  members  to  parliament.  Pop.  in 
1811,:  2,747.  36  m.  N.  E.  Lincoln.  Lon.  0°  1' 
W.  Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Grimsbi/,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake 
Ontario,  W.  of  Niagara. 

Grimsel,  mt.  Switz.  between  the  canton  of  Bern 
and  the  Upper  Valais. 

Grindal,  Point,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales'  Archipelago,  in  the  duke  of 
Clarence's  strait.  Lon.  228°  8'  E.  Lat.  55° 
27' N. 

Grindall  Point,  on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  136°  6i'  E.     Lat.  13°  15^'  S. 

Grindelicald,  v.  of  Bern,  in  Switzerland,  3  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Thun. 

Grindleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  17  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Skipton.     Pop.  1,022. 

Grindstone-ford,  p-v.  Clairborne  co.  Missis- 
sippi. 

Grinstead,  East,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  29  m.  S.  by 
E.  London.  Lon.  0°  1'  W.  Lat.  5F  7  N.  Pop. 
2,804. 

Griqua  town,  a  station  of  the  London  Mission- 
ary Society,  in  South  Africa,  north  of  the  Great 
Orange  river,  and  about  70G  m.  N.  E.  of  Cape 
Town. 

Grisnez,  Cape,  France,  on  the  coast  of  Picardy, 
between  £k)logneand  Calais.  Lon.  l'^  35'  E,  Lat. 
50°  30'  N. 

Grisons,  Country  of,  a  canton,  occupying  the 
S.  E.  corner  of  Switzerland.  Extent,  2,500  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  73,000,  of  whom  26,000  speak  the 
German  language,  10,000  Italian,  and  37,000  the 
Romansh  or  ancient  Rhostian  language.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  chief  support  of 
the  inhabitar^ts  's  derived  from  herds  and  flocks. 
The  canton  is  divided  into  three  leagues,  viz.  the 
League  of  God's  House,  the  Grey  League,  and 
the  League  of  the  Ten  Jurisdictions.  The  gov- 
ernment is  purely  democratic. 

Grissee.     See  Gresse. 

Grissets,  p-v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Griswold,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the  Quine- 
baug,  6  or  8  m.  N.  E.  Norwich.  It  formerly  con- 
stituted the  part  of  Preston,  called  North  Society. 

Grita,  t.  Caraccas,  46  m.  S.  S.  W.  Merida. 

Griwhee,  t.  Slave  coast  of  Africa,  cap.  of  Whi- 
dah.     Lon.  1°  16'  E.  Lat.  6°  30'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Grixalvcu,  r.  Mexico,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  lat.  18°  35'  N, 

Groai.     See  Garraway. 

Grodno,  t.  Russian  Poland,  on  the  Niemen,  and 
capital  of  the  government  of  Grodno ;  140  m.  N. 
E.  Warsaw,  140  S.  E.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  23°  49' 
E.  Lat.  53°  40'  N^  Pop.  5,000,  of  whom  1,500 
are  Jews. 

Grodno,  government  of  Russian  Poland,  adja- 
cent to  the  goveriniients  of  Wilna  and  Minsk. 
Extent,  11,000  sq.  miles.     Pop.  620,000, 

Grohnde,  t.  Hanover,  on  tlie  Weser,  9  m.  S. 
Hameln. 

Groitsch,  t.  Saxouv,  on  the  Elster,  13  m.  S. 
Leipzic.     Lon.  12°  20'  E.  Lat.  51°  12'  N. 

Groll,  or  Groenloo,  t.  Netherlands,  19  ra.  E. 
Zniyhcn     Lon.  6°  32'  E.  Lat.  5,2«  o  N. 

38 


Orondines,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  45 
m.  W.  Quebec. 

Groningen,  province,  at  the  N.  E.  extremity  of 
the  Netherlands,  bounded  by  the  German  ocean 
on  the  N.  by  Hanover  on  the  E.  and  by  the  prov- 
inces of  Drenthe  and  Friesland  on  the  S.  and  W. 
Extent,  770  sq.  miles.  Pop.  146,000.  The  sur- 
face is  level  and  low.  The  chief  wealth  of  the 
province  lies  in  its  pastures. 

Groningen,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  the  province 
of  Groningen,  on  the  Hunse  and  Fivel.  The  uni- 
versity of  Groningen  was  founded  in  1614.  It 
consists  of  5  faculties,  with  1 9  professors,  and  has 
a  good  library.  The  chief  trade  is  in  agricultur- 
al produce.  The  manufactures  are  of  linen  and 
woollen,  also  of  quilla.  100  m.  N.  E.  Amster- 
dam. Lon.  6°  35'  E.  Lat.  53°  12'  N.  Pop. 
26,500. 

Groningen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia, 
on  the  Bode,  6  m.  N.  E.  Halberstadt.  Lon.  11° 
11'  E.  Lat.  51°  56'  N.     Pop.  2,250. 

Groningen,  or  Mark  Groningen,  t.  Wirtem- 
berg,  7  m.  N.  N.  W.  Stutgard.     Pop.  2,200. 

Gronskar,  light-house  in  the  Baltic,  on  the 
coast  of  Sweden,  in  lon.  19°  2'  30"  E.  lat.  59°  15' 
50"  N. 

Groote  Eylandt,  isl.  on  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  in  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria.  It  extends 
from  lat.  13°  39' to  14°  17' S. 

Gros  bois,  or  Yamachiche,  seigniory,  St.  Mau- 
rice CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  lake  St.  Peters,  14  m. 
W.  Three-Rivers. 

Gros  cap,  cape.  Up.  Canada,  at  the  outlet  of 
lake  Superior. 

Gros  Isle,  isl.  Michigan  Territory,  in  Detroit 
river,  near  its  moutli.  It  is  about  8  miles  long, 
and  1  i  wide.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  some  of  it  is 
cultivated.  There  is  a  quarry,  from  which  stone 
is  obtained  for  building. 

Groso,  Cape,  promontory,  Spain.  Lon.  1°  23' 
E.  Lat.  41°  11' N. 

Grossenhayn,  or  Hayn,  t.  Saxony,  on  tlie  Roder, 
8  m.  N.  Meissin,  16  N.  N.  W.  Dresden.  Lon.  13'^ 
29'  E.  Lat.  51°  18'  N.     Pop.  3,500. 

Grosses  Haf.     See  Haff. 

Grossetto,  t.  Tuscany,  30  m.  S.  S.  E.  Piombino, 
70  S.  Florence.     Lon.  1 1°  4'  E.  Lat.  42°  49'  N. 

Grosswig,  V.  Prussian  Saxony,  3  m.  S.  by  E. 
Torgau. 

Grotkau,  t.  Silesia,  28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Breslau. 

Groton,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  15  m.  N.  E.  Dart- 
mouth College,  38  N.  W.  Concord.  Pop.  549. 
Here  is  a  furnace  for  casting  hollow  iron  ware. 

Groton,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  16  m.  E.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  449. 

Groton,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  34  m.  N.  W. 
Boston.  Pop.  1,886.  Here  is  an  academy.  The 
village  is  handsomely  built  on  a  rising  ground, 
which  commands  an  extensive  prospect. 

Groton,  p-t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  New  London.  Pop. 
4,451.  In  this  town  is  Fort  Griswold,  which  de- 
fends the  harbor  of  New  London. 

Groton,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Grolta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  7  m.  N. 
W,  Cremona. 

Grofta  Minarda,  t.  Naples,  i--  the  Principato 
Ultra,  3  m.  S.  Ariano.     Pop.  %'~  50. 

Grottaglia,  t.  Naples,  18  m,  E.  Taranto  ;  also,  a 
town,  9  m.  E.  Taranto. 

Groudis,  small  isl.  France,  over  against  L'- 
Orient.    Lon.  3°  26'  8    W,  Lat.  47°  38'  4"  N. 


298  G  U  A 

Grovehill,  p-v.  Warren  co.  N.  (\ 

Grovelandj  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee 
river,  30  m.  S.  W.  Canandaigua.  It  contains  a 
Presbyterian  church. 

Grovepoint,  the  N.  point  at  the  mouth  of  Sas- 
safras river,  Md.  5  m.  S.  W.  Turkey-point. 

Groups,  The,  tviro  island?,  or  rather  groups  of 
islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  "seen  by  Captain 
Cook,  1769.  The  southernmost  lies  in  Ion.  142° 
42'  W.  lat.  18°  l^  S. 

Groupus,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  with  a  fine 
and  spacious  harbor,  having  good  anchorage.  Lat. 
260  26'S.  '66 

Grubmhagen,  a  principality  in  the  kingdom  of 
Hanover,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Leine.  Pop. 
60,000. 

Grumo,  v.  a  little  E.  of  iS'aples,  on  the  heights 
of  Capo  di  Chino.     Pop.  3, 100. 

Grunberg,  t.  Silesia,  in  Glogau,  30  m.  N.  W, 
Gros  Glogau.  Lon.  13°  35'  E.  Lat.  51°  58'  N. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Grunberg,  t.  Hesse  Darmstadt,  10  m.  E.  Gies- 
sen,  28  W.  Fulda. 

Grunde,  v.  Hanover,  12  m.  S.  W.  Goslar. 

Grunstadt,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  22 
m.  S.  Mentz.     Pop.  2,300. 

Gruyeres,  t.  Switz.  in  Friburg,  15  m.  S.  Fri- 
burg.     Lon.  6°  53'  E.  Lat.  46°  36'  N. 

Gshat,  t.  Russia,  in  Smoleusko. 

Guacara,  t.  Venezuela,  12  m.  fr.  Valencia. 

Guacho,  or  Huacho,  port,  on  the  coast  of  Peru. 
Lat.  lloi4'S. 

Guadalamar,  (an.  Durias,)  r.  Spain,  which 
falls  into  the  Mediterranean,  near  Valencia,  in 
lat.  39°  25'  N. 

Gundalajcara,  province,  Spain,  in  New  Castile. 
Extent  1,050  sq.  miles.  Pop.  122,000.  Guada- 
laxara,  the  capital,  has  a  large  -manufactory  of 
cloth  for  account  of  government.  56  m.  N.  E. 
Madrid.  Lon.  3°  22'  E.  Lat.  40°  33'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Guadalaxara,  an  intendancy  of  Mexico,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  intendancies  of  Sonora  and  Durango, 
E.  by  Zucatecas  and  Guanaxuato,  S.  bv  Valla- 
dolid,  and  W.  by  the  Pacific.  Extent  73,628  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  in  1803, 630,500. 

Guadalaxara,  city,  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  inten- 
dancy of  Guadalaxara,  is  situated  in  a  delightful 
and  fertile  plain,  near  the  Baranja  river,  280  m. 
N.  W.  Mexico.  Pop.  19,500,  consisting  of  Span- 
iards, mulattoes,  and  mestizoes.     Lat.  21°  9'  N. 

Guadalbon,  r.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  wliich  falls  into 
the  Guadalquivar,  at  Mengibar. 

Guadalcannr,  isl.  in  the  Pacific^  one  of  Solo- 
mon's archipelago.  Lou.  lei*^  50'  21"  E.  Lat.  9° 
16'  30"  S. 

Guadalmer,  r.  Spain,  whicli  joins  the  Guadia- 
na,  in  Spanish  Esilremadnra. 

Guadalotipe,  isl.  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
valuable  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  situated  in  lon.  62° 
W.  and  lat.  16°  20'  N.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  a  channel,  in  breadth  from  30  to  80  yards. 
This  channel  runs  north  and  south,  and  commu- 
nicates with  the  sea,  by  a  large  bay  at  each  end ; 
that  on  the  N.  is  cnlled  Grand  Cul  de  Sac,  and 
that  on  the  S.  Petit  Cul  de  Sac.  The  part  of  the 
island  east  of  the  channel,  is  called  Grand  Terre, 
and  is  about  120  miles  in  circumference.  The 
west  part  is  subdivided,  by  a  ridge  of  mountains, 
into  Capes-tcrre  on  the  west,  and  Basse-terre  on 
the  east.  This  part  also  is  120  m  in  circuit. 
Both  parts  would  be  joined  by  an  isthmus  6  miles 
in  breadth,  w^re  it  not  cut  through  bv  the  river. 


G  U  A 

in  many  part«,  the  soil  is  rich,  and  not  inferior  to 
that  of  Martinico.  Its  produce  is  sugar,  coffee, 
rum,  ginger,  cocoa,  logwood,  &c.  'The  exports 
in  1811,  were  8,216,249  lbs.  of  sugar,  1,380,816 
gallons  of  spirits,  1,601,686  lbs.  of  coffee,  219,009 
lbs.  of  cotton,  and  963  lbs.  cacao.  This  island  has 
been  repeatedly  taken  by  the  British.  It  now  be- 
longs to  France,  having  been  restored  in  1814. 
The  population  in  1812,  according  to  a  return  to 
the  British  House  of  Commons,  was  1 14,839,  of 
which  number  12,747  were  whites,  94,328  slaves, 
and  7,764  free  negroes. 

Guadaloupe,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  California. 
Lon.  118°  17'  W.  Lat.  28°  53'  N. 

Guadaloupe,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  after  a  course  of  about. 
200  miles. 

Guadalquivir,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  ic 
Spain,  rises  in  Granada,  traverses  And;ausia,  pas- 
ses by  Andujar,  Cordova,  and  Seville,  and  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean,  20  m.  N.  W.  Cadiz,  in 
lon.  4°  35'  W.  lat.  36°  46'  N.  It  is  navigable  foi- 
small  vessels  to  Cordova. 

Guadalupe,  t.  Spain,  45  m.  S.  W.  Toledo. 

Guadarrama,  r.  Spain,  which  joins  the  Tagus, 
about  9  miles  below  Toledo. 

Guadiana,  r.  Spain,  which  rises  in  La  Mancha, 
and  running  west  passes  by  Ciudad  Real,  Meri- 
da,  and  Badajoz,  and  enters  Portugal,  where  it 
takes  a  southerly  direction,  and  falls  into  the  sea, 
between  Ayamonte  and  Castel  Marim,  in  lon.  7*^ 
26'  W.     It  is  navigable  40  miles. 

Guadix,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  near  the  Guadal- 
quivir. It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  28  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Granada.     Pop.  8,300. 

Guailas,  or  Huailas,  province,  Peru,  bounded 
N.  E.  and  E.  by  Conchucos,  S.  E.  and  S.  by  Cax- 
atambo,  and  W.  by  Santa. 

Guaira,  t.  S.  America,  in  Caraccas.  It  has  a 
celebrated  port,  defended  by  a  castle,  and  more 
frequented  than  any  other  upon  the  coast,  though 
it  is  not  completely  protected  from  the  wind.  On 
the  26th  March,  1812,  this  town  was  laid  in  ruin? 
by  an  earthquake.  7  m.  N.  of  the  city  of  Carac- 
cas.    Lon.  67°  2' W.  Lat.  10°  48'  N.    Pop.  6,000. 

Gualior,  district.  Hind,  in  Agra,  between  26^ 
aud27'^  N.  lat.  and  between  78°  and  79°  E.  lon. 

Gualior,  a  celebrated  fortress.  Hind,  in  Agra. 
It  is  the  possession  of  the  Mahi-attas,  and  is  con- 
sidered as  the  key  of  Hindostan  from  the  Mahrat- 
ta  country.     Lon.  78°  14'  E.  Lat.  26°  18'  N. 

Guallaga,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  Peru, 
and  enters  the  Amazon,  in  lat.  7°  16'  S.  after  » 
course  of  500  miles. 

Guultero,  or  Gualteiri,  t.  States  of  ModenaJ  13 
m.N.  Reggio.     Pop. 4,150. 

Guam,  or  GuaJion,  one  of  the  Ladrone  islands, 
120  miles  in  circuit.  Lon.  155°  10'  E.  Lat.  13" 
25'  N.  There  is  a  town  on  the  island,  called  Aga- 
na,  built  by  the  Spaniards. 

Guamaehtwo,  province,  Peru,  bounded  E.  by 
Caxamarquilla,  N.  E.  by  Chochapoyas,  N.  by 
Caxamarea,  N.  W,  and  AV.  by  Truxillo,  and  S. 
by  Conchucos.     Pop.  11,000. 

Giuimalies,  or  Huamalies,  province,  Peru, 
bounded  N.  by  Pataz,  E.  by  the  Andes,  S.  E.  by 
Guanuco,  S.  by  Tarma,  S.  W.  by  Caxatambo. 
and  N.  W.  by  Conchucos.  It  is  an  extensive  val- 
ley, 250  miles  long,  through  Avhich  runs  the  Ama- 
zon. 

Guamanga,  or  Huamanga,  a  province  of  Peru. 
Guamaaga,  the  capital  is  a  handsome  town,  with 


G  U  A 


G  U  A 


299 


1  university.  188  m.  S.  E.  Lima,  176  N.  W. 
Cuzco.     Lon.  11°  56'  W.  Lat.  12°  50'  N. 

Guamantagua,  t.  Peru,  50  m.  N.  E.  Lima. 

Guamoco,  city,  New  Granada,  32  m.  N.  E.  An- 
tioquia.     Lon.  74°  57'  W.  Lat.  7°  9'  N. 

Gumuijo.     See  Bonacca. 

Gitanapu,  r.  Brazil,  which  empties  itself  from 
tlie  south  into  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 

Guanare,  t.  Caraccas,  in  the  province  of  Vari- 
aas,  admirably  situated  on  Guanare  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Apure.  On  the  S.  and  E.  of  the 
town  are  vast  plains,  which  feed  immense  herds 
of  oxen.  Pop.  12,300.  193  m.  S.  S.  W.  Carac- 
cas, 64  S.  E.  Truxillo.  Lon.  66°  55'  W.  Lat.  8° 
14'  N. 

Guanaxiiato,  one  of  the  intendancies  of  Mexi- 
co, and  the  most  populous  of  the  whole  viceroy- 
alty,  contains  6,978  sq.  miles,  517,300  inhabitants. 
The  produce  of  the  mines  is  now  greater  than 
that  of  Potosi,  or  that  of  any  other  mine  ever 
known.  They  afforded,  from  1796  to  1803,  near- 
ly 40  millions  of  dollars  in  gold  and  silver,  or  very 
nearly  5  millions  annually.  Guanaxuato,  the 
capital,  contains  within  the  city,  41,000  inhabi- 
tants; and  in  the  mines  surrounding  the  city, 
29,600 ;  altogether,  70,600.  The  ground  on 
which  tlie  city  is  built  is  6,836  feet  above  the  level 
0f  the  sea.     Lon.  101°  54'  W.  Lat.  21°  N. 

Guancabelica,  or  Guancarelica,  t.  Peru,  and 
cap.  of  the  province  of  Angaraez.  The  moun- 
tains in  the  vicinity  are  rich  in  gold  and  silver 
ores ;  but  it  is  chiefly  for  a  mine  of  quicksilver 
that  this  city  is  celebrated.  This  mine  formerly 
yielded  an  immense  produce;  but,  not  being 
worked  in  a  proper  and  regular  manner,  the  pit 
fell  in.  At  present,  it  yields  about  1500  cwt.  of 
quicksilver.  53  m.  W.  Guamanga,  140  S.  E.  Lima. 
Lon.  74°  51'  W.  Lat.  12°  56'  S. 

Guanchaco,  t  on  the  coast  of  Peru,  near  Trux- 
illo, of  which  it  is  the  harbor.  Lon.  78°  58'  W. 
Lat.  8°  5'  S. 

Guano,  Key,  Great,  and  Lillle,  2  small  islands 
among  the  Bahamas.  Lon.  77°  30'  W.  Lat.  26° 
30' N. 

Guania,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  and  N.  W. 
by  Xauxa,  N.  E.  and  E.  by  the  Andes,  S.  and  S. 
W.  by  Anganaes,  Guamanga,  and  Castro  V^ircyna. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Guantanamo,  or  Cumberland,  bay,  on  the  coast 
of  Cuba,     Lon.  76°  50'  W.  Lat.  20°  30'  N. 

Guanuco,  t.  Peru.  Lon.  75°  36'  W.  Lat.  10° 
6'S. 

Guarapiche,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  which 
enters  the  gulf  of  Paria,  between  the  point  of 
Paria  and  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  in  lat.  10° 
8'N. 

Guarda,  fortified  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the 
source  of  the  Mondego,  67  m,  E.  Coimbra,  20  S. 
W.  Almeida.     Pop.  2,300. 

Gttardamar,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Segura,  17  m.  S.  S.  W.  Alicant.  Lon.  1° 
29'  W.  Lat.  38°  15'  N.    Pop.  4,250, 

Guardarville,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  5  m. 
3.  Quebec. 

Chiardia,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Guardia,  t.  Spain,  in  Toledo,  30  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Madrid.     Pop.  3,350. 

Guardia,  t.  Naples,  1 1  m.  E.  Molise.  Lon,  14° 
50'  E.  Lat.  41°  50'  N. 

Guardia,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia..  at  the  mouth  of 


the  Minho,  14  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tuy.  Lon.  9°  10'  W. 
Lat.  41°  40'  N. 

GvMrdia  Lombarda,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra.     Pop,  2,500, 

Guardialfiera,  t.  Naples,  16  m.  N.  E.  Molise. 

Guarico,  r.  Caraccas,  which  falls  into  the 
Apure,  about  60  miles  from  its  junction  with  the 
Orinoco. 

Guarico,  Punta  dd,  cape,  on  the  N,  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  74°  22'  W. 

Guarochiri,  a  province  of  Peru.  Guarochiri, 
the  capital,  is  57  m.  fr.  Lima.  Lon.  76°  18'  W. 
Lat.  11°  55' S. 

Gvxisco,  or  Huasco,  port,  Chili,  in  Copiapo, 
with  an  excellent  harbor.  Lon.  76°  6'  W.  Lat. 
28°  29'  S. 

Guasla  di  Amone,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra, 
22  m.  E,  by  S,  Lanciano,     Pop.  2,700, 

Guastalla,  t.  Italy,  in  Parma,  and  cap,  of  a  small 
duchy,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Crostols  and  the 
Po.  It  is  fortified,  and  forms  an  important  pass  in 
time  of  war.  Pop.  5,500.  21  m,  N.  VV.  Parma, 
21  S.  Mantua.  Lon.  10°  39'  E.  Lat.  44°  54'  N. 
The  duchy  now  belongs  to  the  Archduchess  Ma- 
ria-Louisa, late  empress  of  France. 

Guatimala,  Captain-Generalship  of,  one  of  the 
Spanish  possessions  in  N.  America,  extending 
from  New  Spain  on  the  N.  W.  nearly  to  the  isth- 
mus of  Darien,  and  bounded  E,  by  the  Caribbean 
sea,  and  W,  by  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  consists  of 
6  provinces,  viz,  Chiapa,  Vera  Paz,  Guatimala, 
Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica,  The 
great  American  range  of  mountains  runs  through 
the  country  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  Volcanoes  are 
extremely  numerous,  and  some  of  them  terrific  ; 
no  less  than  20  are  in  constant  activity.  The  gen- 
eral appearance  of  the  soil  is  extremely  fertile^ 
and  Guatimala  produces  abundantly  corn,  cochi- 
neal, grapes,  honey,  wax,  cotton,  fine  wool,  and 
dyewoods.  The  population  has  been  estimated 
at  1,800,000. 

Guatimala,  a  province  of  the  captain-general- 
ship, extends  along  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 
and  is  bounded  N.  E.  by  Vera  Paz  and  Ciiiapa, 
E.  by  Honduras,  S.  W.  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  S.  E, 
by  Nicaragua,  N.  and  W.  by  Oaxaca. 

Guatimala,  Santiago  de,  capital  of  the  captain- 
generalship  of  Guatimala,  was  founded,  in  1524, 
on  the  declivity  of  a  mountain,  at  whose  summit 
was  a  volcano;  but  in  1751,  it  was  overwhelmed 
by  an  earthquake,  and  by  the  matter  from  the 
volcano.  Notwithstanding  tiiis  awful  calamity, 
the  city  was  rebuilt  on  the  same  spot;  but  another 
and  more  tremendous  convulsion  again  destroyed 
the  devoted  place  in  1775,  the  greater  part  of  the 
inhabitants  being  at  the  same  time  buried  in  the 
ruins.  The  city  now  stands  25  miles  S.  of  the 
old  town. '  It  is  a  magnificent  place,  adorne<l 
with  churches  and  monasteries,  and  an  university, 
reckoned  one  of  the  best  in  the  empire.  Pop. 
19,000.     Lon.  92°  40'  W.  Lat.  14°  28'  N. 

Guauchinango,  t.  Mexico,  in  Puebla,  91  m.  N. 
E.  Mexico,     Lon.  97°  54'  W.  Lat.  20°  23'  N. 

Guariari,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  the 
Andes  of  Quito,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  500 
miles,  falls  into  the  Orinoco,  in  lat,  4°  20'  N. 

Guaura,  t.  Peru,  in  Chancay,  with  a  good 
port.     Lon.  76°  23'  W.  Lat.  1 1°  6'  S. 

Guaxa.     See  Xauxa. 

G  anuxaca.     See  Oaxaca. 

Guayaquil,  province,  S.  America,  in  the  S.  W. 
corner  of  New  Gj'OJiadn,  bordering  on  Pem  aniJ 


300 


G  U  E 


the  Pacific  ocean.  It  produces  cacao,  of  which 
two  crops  are  gathered  annually,  cotton,  tobacco, 
salt,  wax,  rice,  and  honey,  in  all  which  a  consid- 
erable commerce  is  carried  on  with  the  other 
provinces.— Guayaquil,  the  capital,  is  on  the  W. 
shore  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a  cele- 
brated commercial  port  in  the  river  of  Guaya- 
quil, and  an  excellent  dock.  Here  have  been 
built  a  great  number  of  ships  of  the  line,  owing 
to  the  excellent  quality  of  the  wood,  which  is  cut 
in  the  immediate  vicinity.  150  m.  S.  S.  W.  Quito. 
Lon.  79°  40'  W,  Lat.  2°  11'  21''  S.  Pop.  about 
20,000. 

Guayaquil,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Andes,  and  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Guayaquil,  in  lat.  2°  27'  S. 

Guayra.     See  Guaira. 

Guasacualco,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  S.  and  en- 
ters the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lon.  94°  24'  W.  lat. 
18°  12'  N. 

Gubbio,  or  Eugubio,  t.  Ecclesiastical  State,  in 
Ancona,  35  m.  N.  Spoleto.     Pop.  4,000. 

Guben,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Lusatia,  at  the 
function  of  the  Lnbst  and  the  Neisse,  22  m.  S. 
Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  70  N.  N.  E.  Dresden. 
Lon.  14°  45'  E.  Lat.  51°  57'  N.   Pop.  about  6,000. 

Guber,  country,  Central  Africa.  It  pays  trib- 
ute to  Asben. 

Gubi,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77°  10'  E. 
Lat.  13°  7' N. 

Gu<fara/i,  district,  Hind.  inGujerat.  Gudarah, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  73<^  43'  E.  Lat.  22°  50'  N. 

GueUcrland.     See  Gelderland. 

Guddrcs,  or  Gueldem.     See  Gdders. 

Guelfo,  St.  or  Castd  Gudfo,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Ta- 
ro,  8  m.  W.  by  N.  Parma. 

Guemenee,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  9  m. 
N.  Blain.     Pop.  3,600. 

Guer,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  34  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Vannes.     Pop.  4,800. 

Guerande,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  be- 
tween the  mouth  of  the  Vilaine  and  the  Loire,  36 
m.  W.  Nantes,  13  S.  Roche  Bernard.  Lon.  2° 
25'  26 "  W.  Lat.  47°  19'  39  "  N.     Pop.  7,200. 

Guerard,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  24  m. 
E.  Paris. 

Guercke,  La,  t.  France,  18  m.  E.  S,  E.  Renncs. 

Guerche,  La,  t.  France,  on  the  Creuse,  30  m.  S. 
Tours. 

Gueret,  t.  France,  cap.  of  La  Creuse,  40  m.  N. 
E.  Limoge?,  221  S.  Paris.     Pop.  3,400. 

Guerigny,  v.  France,  in  Nievre,  9  m.  N.  Ne- 
vers. 

Guernica,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  22  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Vittoria. 

Guernsey,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near  the 
Frendh  coast,  9  miles  long,  6  broad,  and  about  39 
in  circuit.  The  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  and  yields 
very  fine  pasture.  The  island  is  subject  to  Eng- 
land, but  the  Norman  French  is  generally  spoken 
by  all  ranks.  Scarcely  any  of  the  common  peo- 
ple can  speak  English.  All  their  domestic  uten- 
sils and  implements  of  husbandry  are  after  tlie 
French  fashion,  as  also  their  dress  and  mode  of 
living.  The  amount  of  shipping  belonging  to  the 
island  in  1813,  was  10,892  tons.  The  chief  town 
is  St.  Peter's  Port,  on  the  east  coast,  with  a  good 
harbor.  Distant  from  Cape  la  Hogue  26  m.  W. 
S.  W.;  from  Cherbourg  36  W.  by  S.  ;  from  Port- 
land 51  S. ;  from  Portsmouth  94  S.  W.  Lon.  2° 
40'  W.  Lat.  49°  33'  N.     Pop.  21,293. 

Guernsey,  co.Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815,  4,800.  Chief 
town,  Cambridge. 


GUI 

Gueta.     See  Hucla. 

Gudaria,  or  Galaria,  castle  and  t.  Spain,  on  the 
coast  of  Guipuscoa,  9  m.  W.  St.  Sebastian.  Lon. 
2°8'55"W. 

Gugagh,  t.  Hind,  in  Sinde.  Lon.  68°  7'  E.  Lat. 
24°  45'  N. 

Guhrau,  or  Gurau,  t.  Silesia,  17  m.  E.  Glf^u. 

Guiana,  country,  S.  America,  between  the 
Orinoco  and  the  Amazon.  It  has  Caraccas  on  the  N. 
W.the  Atlantic  on  the  N.  E.  Brazil  on  the  W.  and 
New  Grenada  on  the  S.  W.  The  river  Casiquari 
unites  the  Orinoco  with  the  Negro,  a  bi-anch  of 
the  Amazon,  making  this  country  a  real  island, 
separated  by  water  from  the  rest  of  the  continent. 
Guiana  is  divided  between  5  different  nations.  1, 
Spanish  Guiana  belongs  to  Caraccas.  It  extends 
on  the  coast  from  the  Orinoco  to  the  Essequeba. 
2.  English  Guiana  extends  from  the  Essequebo 
totheCorantyn.  3.  Dutch  Guiana,  from  the  Co- 
rantyn  to  the  Maroni.  4.  French  Guiana,  from 
the  Maroni  to  the  Aruary.  5.  Portuguese  Gui- 
ana, from  the  Aruary  to  the  Amazon.  The  boun- 
daries between^ese  divisions  in  the  interior  are 
not  determined,  and  there  is  no  necessity  for  de- 
termining them,  because  the  wliite  settlements  do 
not  extend  far  from  the  sea  coast,  the  interior  be- 
ing occupied  by  war-like  Indians.  English  Gui- 
ana is  subdivided  into  the  districts  of  Essequebo, 
Demerara,  and  Berbice.  Dutch  Guiana  is  some- 
times called  Surinam,  and  French  Guiana,  Cay- 
enne. The  population  may  be  estimated  at 
250,000,  exclusive  of  Indians.  Spanish  Guiana 
has  34,000,  English  Guiana  more  than  70,000, 
Dutch  Guiana  80,000,  and  French  Guiana,  30,000. 
The  mass  of  the  population  are  negro  slaves ;  there 
are  less  than  20,000  whites.  The  Dutch  colonies, 
(including  English  Guiana,)  have  from  the  earli- 
est period  been  exposed  to  depredations  from  fugi- 
tive negroes,  who  have  fled  to  the  woods  from  the 
excessive  cruelty  of  their  masters. 

The  country  along  the  shore  and  for  a  conside- 
rable way  into  the  interior,  is  an  extensive  and 
uniform  plain  of  unequalled  fertility.  It  is  covered 
with  thick  forests,  even  to  the  water's  edge  ;  the 
coast  is  so  low  and  flat,  that  nothing  is  seen  at  first 
but  the  trees,  which  appear  to  be  growing  out  of 
the  water.  The  country  is  overspread  with  the 
most  luxuriant  vegetation,  abounding  in  fruits  (rf* 
every  description,  and  an  infinite  variety  of  rare 
and  useful  plants.  The  principal  articles  cultiva- 
ted are  sugar,  coffee  and  cotton. 

Guibarra,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba. 

Guienne,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  in 
the  S.  W.  of  France,  now  divided  into  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Gironde,  the  Lot-and-Garonne,  the 
Dordogne,  the  Lot,  and  the  Aveyron.  Pop. 
1,900,000. 

Gujerat,  or  Gujrat,  province,  Hind,  between 
21°  and  24°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Ajmeer,  E.  by 
Malwah  and  Khandeish,  S.  by  Aurungabad  and 
the  sea,  and  W.  by  a  sandy  desert,  the  gulf  of 
Cutch,  and  the  sea.  During  the  war  of  1780,  the 
British  got  possession  of  a  portion  of  it.  Their  ter- 
ritory occupies  a  considerable  tract  of  country  on 
both  sides  of  the  gulf  of  Cambay,  and  includes  the 
populous  cities  of  Surat,  Broach,  Cambay,  Kaira, 
and  Gogo.  The  sea  coast  between  the  gulf  of 
Cambay  and  Cutch  is  occupied  by  different  inde- 
pendent chiefs,  all  greatly  addicted  to  piracy.  The 
northern  and  western  borders  are  also  possessed 
by  a  number  of  barbarous  chiefs. 

Guigues,  r.  Venezuela,  which  runs  into  tl>e  At- 
lantic, 16  leagues  W.  Coro. 


G  U  I 

Gailderlandt,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N,  Y.  12  m.  W.  N. 
\V.  Albany.  Pop.  2,466,  At  the  village  of  Ham- 
ilton in  this  town,  there  are  extensive  glass  facto- 
ries. 

Guildford,  borough,  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Surrey, 
on  the  Wye,  which  is  navigable  for  barges  from 
the  Thames.  It  contains  a  castle,  a  guild-hall,  a 
jail,  a  theatre,  3  churches,  and  several  meeting- 
houses for  dissenters.  Pop.  2,974.  30  m.  S.  W. 
London.     Lon.O°  34'  W.  Lat.  51°  14'  N. 

Guildhall,  p-t.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  opposite  Lancaster,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  bridge,  50  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier. 
fop.  544. 

Guilford,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N.  E. 
Norridgewock. 

Guilford,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  49  m.  S.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,872. 

Guilford,  p-t.  and  borough,  New-Haven  co.  Ct. 
on  Long-Island  Sound,  15  m.  E.  New-Haven,  36 
S.  Hartford.  Pop.  3,845.  It  contains  7  houses  of 
public  worship.  Here  are  two  harbours  and  some 
shipping. 

Guilford,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,961. 

Guilford,  co.  N.  C.  inclosed  by  Rowan,  Rock- 
ingham, and  Orange  cos.  and  Virginia.  Pop. 
11,420.     Slaves,  1,467.    Chief  town,  Martinsville. 

Guillac,  t.  France,  on  the  Tarn,  14  m.  S.  W.  Al- 
bi,  30  N.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  6,500. 

Guillavdiere,  fief,  Surry  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  15  m.  N.  E.  Mon- 
treal. 

Guillhaume,  Bonhomvie,  seigniory,  Hampshire 
ce.  Lower  Canada,  12  m.  N.  Quebec. 

Guillestre,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  11  m.  N. 
E.  Embrun. 

Guillon,  V.  France,  on  the  Serain,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Auxerre. 

Guillori.    See  Gillori. 

Guimaracns,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Douro  e  Min- 
ho.  Here  are  manufactures  of  damasked  linen 
for  table  cloths ;  also  of  knives.  10  m.  S.  E.  Braga, 
30  N.  N.  E.  Oporto.     Pop.  7,500. 

Guinala.     See  Ghinala. 

Guinea,  a  name  given  to  a  part  of  the  W.  coast 
of  Africa,  from  the  Rio  Mesurado  to  the  western 
extremity  of  Benin,  comprehending  about  13  de- 
grees of  longitude.  This  territory  is  usually  divi- 
ded into  the  Grain  coast,  the  Ivory  coast,  the  Gold 
coast,  and  the  Slave  coast. 

77ie  Grain  Coast  extends  from  the  Mesurado 
to  the  village  of  Growa,  about  10  miles  beyond 
Cape  Palmas.  It  yields  a  coarse  species  of  pepper, 
but  neither  gold  nor  ivory,  and  has  been  compar- 
atively little  frequented. 

The  Ivory  coast  extends  from  Growa  to  Cape 
Appollonia.  It  abounds  with  ivory,  but  has  no 
harbours,  and  has  never  been  very  extensively 
frequented. 

The  Gold  coast  extends  from  Cape  ApoUonia  to 
the  Rio  Volta.  European  settlements  and  trade 
have  been  carried  on  here  to  a  greater  extent 
than  in  any  other  part  of  Africa.  Britain  has  now 
a  more  extensive  footing  upon  this  coast  than  any 
other  nation.  Cape  Coast  castle  is  the  capital  of 
the  British  settlements  ;  and  forts  are  also  main- 
tained at  Acra,  Dixcove,  Succondee,  Commendo, 
and  Anamboe. 

ITie  Slave  coast  extends  from  the  Rio  Valta  to 
the  bay  and  river  of  Lagos,   which  separates  it 
from  Benin.    The  British  formerly  had  settlements 
here,  but  they  have  recently  been  abandoned. 
Guinea,  JVew.    See  JVeic  Guinea, 


GUN 


301 


Guinegast,  or  Euguinegatte,  v.  France,  in  Pas 
de  Calais,  between  St.  Omer  and  Hesdin. 

Guines,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  6  m.  S.  Ca- 
leds. 

Guingamp,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  13  m. 
S.  W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  5,200. 

Guiomere,  territory  of  the  Ivory  coast  of  Africa. 

Guiparm,  the  largest  of  the  Cervine  Islainds,  in 
the  Adriatic,  belonging  to  the  house  of  Austria ; 
about  18  miles  in  circumference. 

Guipry,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  13  m.  N. 
E.  Redon.     Pop.  3,000. 

Guipuscoa,  a  district  of  the  province  of  Biscay, 
in  Spain,  on  the  French  frontier.  Pop.  105,000. 
Extent,  640  square  miles.     See  Biscay. 

Guisborough,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  noted  for  its 
alum  works.  8  m.  N.  E.  Stokesley.  Lon.  1"=  2' 
W.  Lat.  54°  31'  N.     Pop.  1,834. 

Guiscardo.     See  Viscardo. 

Guise,  t.  France,  on  the  Oise,  20  m.  N.  Laon,  14 
E.  St.  Quentin.     Lon.  3°  42'  E.  Lat.  49°  55'  N. 

Guishden,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Moy. 

Gujunderghur,  district,  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  be- 
tween 15°  and  16°  N.  lat.  Gujunderghur,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  75°  56' E.  lat.  15°  45'  N. 

Gulan,  V.  Scotland,  5i  m.  S.  W.  by  W.  North 
Berwick. 

Gulan  JVess,  small  promontory  of  Scotland,  tlie 
S.  point,  at  the  entrance  of  the  frith  of  Forth  into 
the  German  ocean.  Lon.  2°  44'  W.  Lat.  56® 
5'  N. 

Gull  islands.  Great  and  Little,  2  small  islands, 
lying  W.  of  Fisher's  island  in  Long-Island  Sound. 
There  is  a  light-house  on  Little-Gull  island. 

Gu  Ipe.     See  Galope. 

Gumbinnen,  one  of  the  governments  into  which 
East  Prussia  has  been  lately  divided,  bordering  on 
Russia,  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  and  the  govern- 
ment of  Konigsberg.  Extent,  6, 1 50  square  miles. 
Pop.  350,000,  of  whom  the  great  majority  are  Lu- 
therans. 

Gumbinnen,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  Pissa,  and 
cap.  of  the  government  of  Gumbinnen.  65  m.  E. 
Konigsbei^.  Lon.  22°  35'  E.  Lat.  54°  31' N.  Pop, 
5,300. 

Gumpoltskirchen,  t.  Austria,  8  m.  S.  Vienna. 

Gumsprings,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

Gumurginia,  t.  Thrace,  on  the  great  road  from 
Salonica  to  Constantinople,  40  m.  S.  W.  Trajano- 
polis.     Pop.  6,000. 

Gundavee,  t.  Hind,  in  G  ujerat,  25  m.  S.  Sural. 

Gundavow,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat  Lon.  68°  47' 
E.  Lat.  21°  50' N. 

Gundelftngen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Brenz, 
where  it  joins  the  Danube.  19  m.  N,  E.  Ulm. 
Lon.  10°  19'  E.  Lat.  48°  32'  N. 

Gunduck,  district.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Gun- 
duck,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  75°  42'  E.  lat.  15° 
27'  N. 

Gunduck,  r.  Hind,  which  rises  in  Tibet,  and 
passing  through  Nepaul,  separates  the  province  of 
Oude  from  Bahar,  and  falls  into  the  Ganges  at 
Hajpore. 

Gundwanah,  province.  Hind,  extending  from 
19°  to  25°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Allahabad  and 
Bahar ;  S.  by  Orissa  and  the  river  Godavery ;  E. 
by  Orissa,  Bengal  and  Bahar,  and  W.  by  Malwah, 
Berar  and  Allahabad.  The  more  fertile  portions 
belong  to  the  Nagpore  Mahrattas,  the  remainder 
to  various  chiefs  of  the  Aborigines  of  the  country, 
called  Goands,  who  are  in  a  very  uncivilized 
state. 


302 


H  A  A 


Gungadi,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  15  m.  E 
Joag. 

Gungpoora,  or  Kangpoora,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  in 
Delhi,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Jumna.  Lon.  77"^ 
E.  29°  40'  N. 

Gunong  Tellu.     See  Gonong  Tello. 

Gunpowder^  p-v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

Gunpowder  neck,  peninsula,  Hartford  co.  Md. 
near  the  head  of  Chesapeake  bay,  between  Gun- 
powder and  Bush  rivers. 

Gunpowder,  r.  Western  shore  of  Md.  which 
flows  into  Chesapeake  bay,  12  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Patapsco.  There  are  falls  a  few  miles 
above  its  mouth. 

Guns,  or  Koeszeg,  t.  Hungary,  58  m.  S.  E.  Vi- 
enna.    Lon.  16°33'E.Lat.47°22'N.    Pop.  4,900. 

Guntersdorf,  v.  Silesia,  in  the  circle  of  Grun- 
berg. 

Guntoor,  one  of  the  Northern  Circars,  in  Hind, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  immediately 
north  of  the  Camatic,  and  S.  of  the  river  Kistnah. 
See  Circars.  Guntoor,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  80° 
30'E.lat.  16°20'N. 

Guntz.     See  Guns. 

Guntzburg,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Guntz  and  Danube,  15  m.  E.  Ulm. 

Gunzenhausen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Alt- 
muhl,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Anspach.  Lon.  10°  43'  E. 
Lat.  49°  7'  N. 

Gurba,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Tunis,  35  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Tunis. 

Gurbos,  or  Hammam  Gurbos,  t  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Tunis,  23  m.  E.  Tunis. 

Guriel,  a  small  territory  on  the  E.  shore  of  the 
Black  sea,  south  of  the  Phasis.  It  is  subject  to  the 
Turks. 

Gnrk,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Drave. 

Gurk,  t.  Carinthia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
28  m.  N.  Clagenfurt. 

Gurkfeld,  t.  Lower  Carniola,  on  the  Saave. 
Lon.  15°  35'  E.  Lat.  45°  58'  N. 

Gurrah  Mundelah,  district.  Hind,  in  Malwah, 
between  22°  and  24°  N.  lat.  and  intersected  by 
the  river  Nerbuddah.  It  belongs  to  the  Mahrat- 
tas.  Gurrah,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  80°  15'  E.  lat. 
23°  10'  N. 

Gurrutncondah,  district,  Hind,  in  the  Camatic, 
between  13°  and  14°  N.  Lat.  and  78°  and  79°  E. 
lon.  Gurromcondah,  the  capital,  is  defended  by 
a  strong-built  fort,  and  was  ceded  to  the  British  in 
1800,  along  with  the  district.  Lon.  78°  40'  E. 
Lat.  13°  45' N. 

Gurrumseir,  district,  Afghanistan,  on  the  Hel- 
mund,  between  30°  and  32°  N.  lat. 

Gurtnamackan,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Gal- 
way  bay,  8  m.  S.  Galway. 


H  A  A 

Gunidwara,  t  Hind,  in  Scrinagiir.  Lon.  78* 
10' E.  Lat.  30°  20' N. 

Gusharen,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Eber  and  the  Fulda,  3  m.  from  Cassel. 

Gussago,  populous  place,  Austrian  Italy,  3  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Brescia. 

Gusten,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Kothen,  5  m.  W. 
Bernburg,  12  W.  Kotheu. 

Gmtrow,  t.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Ne- 
bel,  16  m.  S.  Rostock,  29  E.  VViamar.     Pop.  6,000. 

Gutter,  isl.  in  the  Arabian  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Persia.     Lon.  61°  10'  E.  Lat.  25°  15'  N. 

Guttstadl,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  Alle,  60  m.  S. 
Konigsberg. 

Guty,  or  Gooty,  a  district  of  the  south  of  India, 
between  15°  and  16°  N.  lat.  and  77°  and  78°  E. 
lon.  It  belongs  to  the  British,  and  is  included  in 
the  collectorship  of  Bellary.  Guty,  the  capital, 
is  a  celebrated  fortress.  Lon.  77°  35'  E.  Lat.  15'* 
9'N. 

Gutzkow,  t.  Pomerania,  on  the  Peenc,  28  mi,  S. 
Stralsund.     Lon.  13°  23'  E.  Lat.  53°  56'  N. 

Guyah,  city,  India,  265  m.  W.  N.  W.  Calcutta, 
and  a  place  of  great  idolatrous  resort.  It  is  a  sta- 
tion of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society. 

Guyandot,  Big,  and  Little,  2  rivers,  Va.  which 
run  into  the  Ohio,  between  the  Kenhawa  and  San- 
dy rivers.  Big  Guyandot  is  navigable  for  canoes 
60  miles. 

Guyandot,  p-v.  Cabell  co.  Va. 

Guyandot,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Ohio  in 
Lawrence  co.  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Guy- 
andot river,  Va, 

Guyers,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Savoy, 
passes  by  Pont-de-Beauvoisin,  in  France,  and  falls 
into  the  Rhone, 

Guzelhisar,  city,  Asia  Minor,  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Magnesia,  70  m,  S,  E.  Smyrna.  It  is  a 
place  of  great  trade,  eipecially  for  cotton  and  cot- 
ton yarn.  It  contains  many  rich  merchants,  par- 
ticularly Jews.     Lon.  27°  50'  E.  Lat.  37°  45'  N. 

Gwadur,  i.  Persia,  on  the  coast  of  Mekran,  95 
m.  E.  Churbar. 

Gwennap,  parish,  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  6  m.  from 
Truro,     Pop.  5,303. 

Gwinnet,  co.  Geo. 

Gwynedd,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,070. 

Gy,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Saone,  14  m.  N.  Besan- 
con.     Pop.  2,100. 

Gye  sur  seine,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  by  E,  Bar  sur 
Seine, 

Gyongyos,  t.  Hungary,  21  m.  W.  S.  W.  Erlau. 
Lon.  19°  56'  E.  Lat.  47°  48'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Gyula,  or  Julia,  t.  Hungary,  51  m.  E.  Czon- 
grad.  Lon.  21°  15'  45"  E.  Lat.  46°  38"  45"  K.. 
Pop.  4,250. 


H, 


Haac,  t.  Bavaria,  28  m.  E.  Munich. 

Haage,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  H  m. 
S.  W.  Breda.     Pop.  3,300. 

Haane-krai-kill,  small  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  the 
Hudson  on  the  W.  side,  at  New  Baltimore  lan- 
ding. 

Haarburg.    See  Harburg. 


Haarlem,  Haerlem,  or  Harlem,  city,  Nether- 
lands, in  N.  Holland.  It  is  on  the  Spaaren,  3  m. 
from  the  sea,  and  communicates  with  Amsterdam, 
Leyden,  and  the  lake  of  Haarlem,  by  navigable 
canals.  Among  the  public  edifices  are  an  ele- 
gant stadt-house,  and  15  churches,  one  pf 
which  contains  a  very  celebrated  organ.    Haar- 


HAD 

lem  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  bleaching 
grounds ;  and  the  whiteness  of  its  linen  is  noted 
throughout  Europe  ;  11  m.  W.  Amsterdam.  Lon. 
4P  38'  E.  Lat.  52°  22'  N,     Pop.  22,000. 

Haarlem,  or  Harlem.     See  New-York  city. 

Haarlem,  Lake,  Netherlands,  in  the  province  of 
Holland,  14  m.  long.  It  lies  between  Leyden, 
Haarlem,  and  Amsterdam,  is  navigable  through- 
out, and  communicates  with  the  Zuyderzee 
through  the  river  Y. 

Habehchwerdl,  or  Bistrice,  t.  Silesia,  on  the 
Neisse,  1 1  m.  S.  Glatz.  Lon.  16°  41'  E.  Lat.  50° 
14'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Habergham  Eves,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  ni-  N. 
E.  Blackburn.     Pop.  2,839. 

Habersham,  co.  Geo. 

Habsburg,  a  bailiwick  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Lucerne. 

Habur,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  6  m.  from  the  coast 
of  Arabia.     Lat.  16°  45' N. 

Hacha,  r.  S.  America,  which  enters  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean  in  lon.  72°  54'  W.  lat.  11°  31'  30"  N. 

Hacha,  t.  S.  America,  at  the  mouth  of  Hacha 
river. 

Hachenburg,  t.  Germany,  17  m.  E.  Coblentz. 

Hackettstown,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Musconecunk  river,  3  m.  above  Roxbury, 
22  W.  by  N.  Morristown. 

Hackinsack,  r.  N.  J.  which  rises  in  New- York, 
and  running  a  southerly  course  4  or  3  miles  from 
the  Hudson,  mingles  with  the  Passaic  in  Newark 
bay.     It  is  navigable  15  miles. 

Hackinsack,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Hackinsack  river,  20  m.  N.  New- 
York.  Pop.  1,918.  The  public  buildings  are,  a 
court-house  and  jail,  2  churches,  and  an  acade- 
my. 

Hackness,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
the  isl.  of  Shapinsha.  Lon.  2°  42'  W.  Lat.  58° 
63' N. 

Hackney,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  2  m.  N.  N.  E. 
London,  to  which  it  is  joined  by  several  new  rows 
and  streets.  It  contains  one  parish  church  and 
several  chapels  for  dissenters,  a  free  school,  a 
charity  school,  and  17  alms-houses.      Pop.  16,771. 

Had,  el,  t.  Algiers,  50  m.  E.  N.  E.  Oran. 

Hadadrimmon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  val- 
ley of  Megiddo,  afterwards  called  the  city  ofMax- 
in)ian. 

Hadaja,  t.  Fez,  70  m.  S.  S.  W.  Melilla. 

Hadamar,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Dillenburg.     Pop.  1,500. 

Hadau,  t.  Bavaria,  17  m.  W.  Straubing. 

Haddam,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  \V.  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  8  m.  below  Middletown.  23 
below  Hartford.  Pop.  2,205.  It  contains  3  church- 
es, 1  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1 
for  Methodists.  "The  amount  of  shipping  owned 
in  this  place,  is  1,597  tons,  employed  in  tSe  coast- 
ing trade,  and  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  Here  is  & 
valuable  quarry  of  granite. 

Had-dessa,  int.  Tunis,  at  the  extremity  of  the 
Lake  of  Marks,  entirely  composed  of  salt. 

Haddington,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap. 
of  Haddington  co.  on  the  Tyne.  John  Knox,  the 
famous  reformer,  was  born  in  this  town.  16  m. 
E.  Edinburgh,  11  W.  Dunbar.  Lon.  2°  48'  W. 
Lat  550  58'  N.     Pop.  4,370. 

Haddington,  or  East  Lothian,  county,  Scotland, 
bounded  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  N.  by  the  frith 
of  Forth,  W.  and  S.  W.  by  Edinburgh  co.  and  S. 
and  S.  E.  by  Berwick.  Extent,  297  square  miles, 
or  190,363  acres.    It  is  one  of  the  most  fertile 


H  A  F 


303 


counties  in  Scotland,  and  from  its  high  state  of 
cultivation  produces  great  quantities  of  wheat  and 
other  grain.  The  western  part  abounds  with 
coal.     Pop.  in  1811,  31,057. 

Haddo,  t.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Inverary. 

Haddonjield,  p-t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  9  m.  S.  E. 
by  E.  Philadelphia. 

Hadeland,  t  Norway,  37  m.  N.  N.  E.  Christia- 
nia. 

Hadeln,  district  of  Hanover,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Elbe,  in  the  new  province  of  Bremen.  Extent, 
126  square  miles .     Pop.  1 6,000. 

Hadenville,  p-v.  Goochland  co.  Va. 

Hadersdorf,  t.  Austria, 28  m.  N.  W.  Vienna. 

Hadersleben,  t.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Little  Belt.  Pop.  3,200.  24  m.  E.  Ribe. 
Lon.  9°  30'  E.  Lat.  55°  15'  N. 

Hadjar  el  Hamar,  v.  Algiers,  27  m.  S.  W.  Con- 
stantina. 

Hadida,  t.  Syria,  on  the  Euphrates,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Anna. 

Hadie,  t.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  16  m.  E.  Beit  el 
Fakieh. 

Hadleigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Bret,  64  m. 
N.  E.  London,  7  W,  Ipswich.  Lon,  0°  57'  E.  Lat. 
52°  3'  N.     Pop.  2,592. 

Hadley,  or  Hcidley  ad  Castnim,  v.  Eng.  in  Es- 
sex, noted  for  the  remains  of  its  ancient  castle. 

Hadley,  or  Moncton  Hadley,  v.  Eng.  in  Middle- 
sex, 12  m.  S.  London.     Pop.'718. 

Hadley,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Connecticut  river,  nearly  opposite  Northamp- 
ton, 20  m.  N,  Springfield,  97  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,247.  It  is  connected  by  bridges  with  Hatfield 
and  Northampton.  The  town  is  laid  out  in  2  long 
streets,  parallel  with  the  river.  Hopkins'  Acad- 
emy in  this  place,  is  a  flourishing  institution. 

Hadley,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson  riv- 
er, 17  m.  N.  Ballston-spa,  51  above  Albany.  Pop. 
1,725. 

Hadbersleben,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Bode,  23 
m.  S.  W.  Magdeburg. 

Hadramaut,  province  of  Arabia,  occupying  the 
coast  upon  the  Indian  ocean,  from  Yemen  to  Om- 
mon.  A  considerable  part  is  sandy  and  barren, 
but  many  of  the  hilly  districts  are  extremely  fer- 
tile. It  exports  frankincense,  gum-arabic,  dra- 
gon's blood,  myrrh,  and  aloes. 

Hcemus.     See  Bulkan. 

Haerlebecke,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  on  the 
Lys,  20  m.  S.  W.  Ghent.     Pop.  3,000. 

Haerlem,  or  Harlem.     See  New-York  city. 

Haesdonck,t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  14  m. 
N.  E.  Dendromond.    Pop.  2,250. 

Haf,  an  extensive  bay  or  gulf  of  Pomerania, 
formed  by  the  Oder  at  its  mouth.  It  is  divided 
into  the  Great  and  Little  Haf,  36  mile?  long,  and 
from  1  to  9  broad. 

Haf,  a  bay  of  E.  Prussia,  which  communicates 
with  the  Baltic  by  a  small  strait  tear  Memel,  and 
is  separated  from  it  by  a  narrow  tract  called  Cu- 
rische  Nehrung.    It  is  31  miles  long,  and  18  broad. 

Haf,  bay  of  the  Baltic,  on  the  coast  of  E.  Prus- 
sia, 63  miles  long,  and  13  broad.  It  communicates 
with  the  sea  near  Pillau ;  and  between  it  and  the 
Baltic  is  a  long  and  narrow  point  of  land,  called 
the  FrischeNekrung. 

Hafaiva,  one  of  the  Friendly  islands  in  the  Pa 
cific  ocean,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Annamooka. 

Hafar,  t.  Khusistan,  in  Persia,  108  m.  S.  Susa. 

Haffsrstro,  t.  E.  Prussia,  5  m.  S,  ^V,  Konig? 
bergr. 


504 


HAG 


HafneruU,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  N.  Pas^au.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Hag's-Heady  cape,  Ireland.  Lon.  9°  24'  W. 
Lat.  52°  55'  N. 

Hagarstourij  or  Elizabelhloini,  p-t.  and  cap. 
Washington  co.  Md.  is  situated  in  the  fertile  val- 
ley of  Conegocheague,  on  the  west  bank  of  An- 
tietam  creek,  27  m.  N.  W.  Frederickstown,  70  N. 
W.  Washington  city,  79  W.  N.  W.  Baltimore.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  about  300  hou- 
ses, principally  built  of  brick  and  stone,  a  court- 
house, jail,  market-house,  and  4  houses  of  public 
worship.  The  trade  with  the  western  country  is 
considerable,  and  there  are  a  number  of  mills  in 
the  neighbourhood. 

Hagda?iger,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia, 
9  m  S.  S.  W.  Heruosand. 

Hagelsberg,  v.  Prussian  part  of  Saxony,  2  m.  W. 
Belzig,  43  S.  W.  Berlin. 

Hagen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  county  of  Mark, 
on  the  Vollme.  Pop.  1,850.  Lon.  7°  35' E.  Lat. 
51°  9'  N. 

Hagen,  t  of  the  island  of  Rugen,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Rugen- 

Hagenau.    See  Haguenau. 

Hagenau,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  30  m.  S,  W.  Schwerin. 

Hageniach,  t.  France,  on  the  Rhine,  12  m.  8.  S. 
E.  Landau.     Pop.  900. 

Hagenburg,  t.  in  Lippe-Schauenburg,  15  m.  W. 
Hanover,  46  S.  S.  E.  Bremen. 

Hagelman,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  7  m.  W.  St. 
Sever,  o  S.  E.  Tartas.     Pop.  2,360. 

Haggein,  a  mountain  of  the  Swiss  canton  of 
Schweitz,  remarkable  for  its  triple  top  and  fright- 
ful aspect. 

Haggenas,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jemptland,  17  m.  N. 
E.  Ostersund. 

Hagisa,  t  Arabia,  inHedsjas,  112  m.  S.  E.  Me- 
dina. 

Hagley,  a  parish,  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  I7i 
m.  N.  Worcester.     Pop.  610. 

Hague,  a  large  and  beautiful  town  of  Nether- 
lands, in  S.  Holland,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Leyden,  30  S. 
W.  Amsterdam,  and  nearly  3  from  the  sea  coast. 
It  is  an  open  town,  being  surrounded  onl)'  by  a 
moat  with  draw-bridges.  It  stands  in  a  dry  soil, 
somewhat  higher  than  the  surrounding  country. 
The  principal  streets  are  wide,  straight  and  hand- 
some, and  it  is  accounted  one  of  the  most  elegant 
towns  in  Europe.  The  environs  contain  a  num- 
ber of  villas ;  but  their  principal  ornament  is 
the  rural  palace,  belonging  to  the  Orange  fam- 
ily, above  a  mile  north  of  the  town.  The  Hague 
became,  so  long  ago  as  1250,  the  residence  of 
the  governors,  or  counts,  of  Holland ;  and  since 
that  period,  it  has  been,  almost  without  interrup- 
tion, the  seat  of  government.  It  is  now,  along  with 
Brussels,  the  alternate  residence  of  the  king  and 
legislature.  The  manufacture  of  porcelain,  and 
the  printing  of  books,  particularly  French  books, 
are  the  only  branches  of  industry  entitled  to  no- 
tice. The  Hague  never  was  a  place  of  trade. 
Pop.  in  1817,  42,000.  Lon.  4^  18'  E.  Lat.  52^ 
4'  N. 

Hasue,  p-t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  George, 
22  m.^N.  E.  Caldwell.  Pop.  398. 

Hague,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  above  Ogdensburg. 

Haguenau,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Rhine,  on  the 
Motter.  It  is  near  the  frontier,  and  has  been  the 
object  of  frequent  contention  between  the  French 


H  A  J 

snd  Austrian?.    Pop.  7,100.   20  m.  N.  Strasburir. 
Lon.  7°  48'  E.  Lat.  48°  48'  N. 

Haha,  a  bay  on  tho  S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon, 
59°10'W.  Lat.  51°  N. 

Hahar,  or  Hair,  district  of  Africa,  in  the  part 
of  Sahara  immediately  bordering  upon  Tuat,  or 
Twat.  The  principal  town  is  called  Hair,  or 
Terga. 

Hai,  city,  China,  in  Kiang-nan,  310  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Peking. 
Hqjar,  t.  Arabia,  140  m.  S.  W.  Lachsa. 
Haidingsfeld,  t.  Bavaria,  3  m.  S.  E.  Wurzburg. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Haiduken-Sladle,  i.  c.  Heyduke  Towns,  a  district 
of  Hungary,  in  the  county  of  Szaboles,  about  320 
square  miles  in  extent.  I'he  Heydukes  enjoy  con- 
siderable privileges,  on  condition  that  they  rise  in 
arms  on  the  first  summons,  when  the  country  i» 
invaded.  Pop.  25,000. 
Haifa.     See  Caifa. 

Haigerloch,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,  on  the 
Eyach.     Pop.  1,400  ;  36  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stutgard. 

Haigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  the  seat  of  exten- 
sive iron-works.     Pop.  1,118;  2  m.  fr.  Wigan. 

Hailsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  57  m.  S.  by  E. 
London.  Pop.  1,029. 

Hailweston,  v.  Eng.  in  Huntingdon  co. 
Haimburg,  t.   Austria,   on  the  Danube,  with 
manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  2,700.    9  m.  W. 
Presburg,  23  E.  S.  E.  Vienna. 

Haimer,  v.  Darfur,  50  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cobli^. 
Haimer,  t.  Nubian  desert,  60  m.  S.  Syene. 
Haiti,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Maine,  6  m. 
above  Frankfort. 

Hain,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gotha,  5  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Gotha. 

Haina,  v.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  7  m. 
S.  E.  Landau. 

Haina,  r.  St.  Domingo,  which  runs  north,  and 
falls  into  Haina,  12  m.  W.  of  the  city  of  St  Do- 
mingo. 

Hainan,  t.  Silesia,  50  m.  W.  by  N.  Breslaw. 
Pop.  2,000. 

HainauU,  province,  Netherlands,  inclosed  by 
the  French  frontier,  Flanders,  South  Brabant  and 
Namur.  Extent,  1 ,700  sq.  miles.  It  is  in  general 
level,  with  beautiful  undulating  plains,  and  a 
fruitful  soil.  It  produces  coal  in  large  quantities. 
The  chief  towns  are  Tournay,  Mons,  and  Charle- 
roi.  In  former  ages  it  was  called  the  county  of 
Hainault,  and,  in  its  most  extensive  sense,  com- 
prised a  considerable  part  of  what  is  now  the 
French  departments  of  the  North  and  of  the  Ar- 
dennes ;  a  country  which  is  still  sometimes  called 
French  Hainault.  Pop.  473,000. 
Hainburg.  See  Haimburg. 
Haine,  r.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  which  falls 
into  the  Scheldt  at  Conde.  It  is  navigable  by 
means  of  sluices  from  Mons  to  Cond^. 

Hainersdorf,  t.  Silesia,  in  Neisse,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Weydenau. 

Hainfield,  t.  Austria,  23  m.  S.  W.  Vienna. 
Haingen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  24  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ulm. 
Hainsbach,  v.  Bohemia,  12  m.  N.  Kamnitz. 
Hainstaal,  t.  Austria,  4  m.  S.  E.  Laab. 
Hajos,  t.  Hungary,  74  m.  S.  of  Pest.    Lon.  19*^ 
7'E.  Lat.  46°  24' N. 

Haiterbach,  t.  Wirtemberg.  Pop.  1,500.  30  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Stutgard. 

Hajygvnge,  t.  Bengal,  district  of  Dacca,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Ganges.  Lon.  89°  53'  E.  Lat.  23^ 
31'  N. 


HAL 


HAL 


305 


Ilajygungc,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  Goomty. 

Hajykaiikachokey,  \.  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  In- 
dus, inhabited  both  by  Afghans  and  Hindoos,  Lon. 
70°  5'  E.  Lat.  29°  30'  N. 

Hajypoor,  district,  Hind,  in  Bahar,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Ganges,  between  25°  and  26°  N.  lat. 
Hajypoor,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Ganges,  at  its 
confluence  with  the  Gunduck.  Lon.  85°  21'  E. 
Lat.  25°  41'  N. 

Hajypore,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  belonging  to  the 
Seiks.  Lon.  74°  51'  E.  Lat.  31°  26'  N.  There 
are  several  other  towns  of  the  same  name  through- 
out India. 

Haldubary,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ma- 
hanuddy  river.  Lon.  87°  59'  E.  Lat.  26°  20'  N. 

Hakel,  t.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  40  m.  S.  S.  E.  Abu- 
Arish. 

Hakelsdorf,  t.  Bohemia,  18  m.  N.N.  E.  Gitschin. 

Haking,  t.  Austria,  6  m.  W.  Vienna. 

Haklofen,  t.  Bohemia,  5  m.  N.  W.  Budweis. 

Hala  Holun,  t.  Chinese  Tartary.  Lon.  124°  19' 
E.  Lat.  42°  35'  N. 

Halasz,  t.  Hungary,  in  Little  Rumania,  on  a 
lake,  26  m.  E.  S.  E.  Kalvesa.   Fop,  8,700. 

Halbau,  t.  Prussian  states,  40  m,  N,  E,  Dres- 
den, 

Halberstadl,  a  principality  of  the  Prussian  states, 
formerly  an  independent  bishopric,  now  part  of 
the  government  of  Magdeberg.  Extent,  580  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  nearly  100,000.  It  is  fertile  in  corn 
and  flax.  'The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Lutherans, 

Halbersladt,  city,  Prussian  states,  cap.  of  the 
above  principality,  on  the  Holzemme,  The  Cath- 
olics have  three  churches,  and  two  monasteries ; 
the  Lutherans  five  churches ;  28  m.  S.  W.  Mag- 
deburg, 62  S.  E.  Hanover.  Lon,  11°  4'  E.  Lat, 
51°  54'  N.  Pop.  13,000. 

Halborn  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  in  Caithness,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Thurso  bay. 

Halcziti,  t.  European  Russia,  in  Podolia,  23  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Braclaw. 

Haldenslcben,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  duchy  of 
Magdeburg ;  14  m,  N.  Magdeburg.  Pop.  3,200. 

Haldtnstein,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  the  Grisons,  on 
the  Rhine  ;  1^  m.  W.  Coire. 

Haldenwang,  v.  Bavaria,  54  m.  S.  S.  W,  Augs- 
burg. Pop.  1,700. 

Haldimand,  co,  Niagara  district,  Upper  Can- 
ada. 

Haldimand,  t,  Northumberland  co.  Upper  Can- 
ada, on  Lake  Ontario. 

Hale,  r.  Hoktein,  which  runs  into  the  Eider,  10 
m.  S.  W.  Rensburg, 

HaWs  Key,  isl,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the 
coast  of  E.  Florida.  Lon.  82°  5'  W,  Lat.  28° 
4'  N. 

Halen,  t,  Netherlands,  20  m.  E,  N,  E.  Louvain, 

Haleness,  cape  on  the  E,  coast  of  Shetland,  Lon, 
i°  20'  W,  Lat.  60°  2'  N.   *      • 

Halenne,  v,  French  Flanders,  10  m,  S.  W.  Lille. 

Halesowen,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop.  Pop.  6,888.  7i 
in.  S.  W.  Birminghiim.  Lon.  2°  2'  W.  Lat.  52° 
27' N. 

Halesworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Suflblk,  on  the  Blyth,  and 
having  a  canal  to  Southwold,  by  which  barges 
pass  regularly  with  corn,  Sic.  for  the  London 
market.  Pop.  1,810.  101  m.  N.  E.  London  32  N, 
N.  E.  Ipswich.  Lon.  1°  30'  E.  Lat.  52°  20'  N. 

Haltla,  t.  Farsistan,  in  Persia,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Persian  gulf,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bushire. 

Haley's  bridge,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

Haleyfb'irg,  p-r.  Ltmmburg  co.  Va. 


39 


Halfaia,  t.  Sennaar,  160  m.  S.  S.  W.  Sennaar. 

Half  Grunie  Island,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands 
in  the  North  sea,  2  m.  S.  Unst, 

Half-Hyde  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Antigua,  2  m.  S.  Reed  point. 

Half  moon,  N.  Y.  now  divided  into  two  towns, 
JValerford  and  Orange,  which  see, 

Halfmoon,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa,  15  m,  fr,  Belle- 
fonte, 

Half-Moon  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  W,  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, 2  m.  N.  Orange  bay. 

Half-Moon  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  St.  Christo- 
pher, 2  m.  S.  E.  Ragged  point. 

Half-Moon  Key,  isl,  near  the  south  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, 3  m.  E.  N.  E,  of  Portland  point, 

Half-Moon  Key,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
Lon.  89°  W.  Lat.  17°  10'  N, 

Half-Moon  Key,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  86°  20'  W.     Lat.  16°  30'  N. 

Halfwayhouse,  p-v.  York  co.  Va. 

Half-way-island,  in  Torres  strait,  a  mile  in  cir- 
cumference. Lon.  143°  18'  E.  Lat.  10°  8' S. 

Halgaver  Moor,  a  moor  of  England,  in  Corn- 
wall, near  Bodmin. 

Halghton,  v.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  4  m.  fr.  Flint, 
Pop.  342. 

Halibut  Head,  a  mountain,  which  forms  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  Alaska,  ou  the  W. 
coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  197='  E.  Lat.  54" 
27'  N. 

Halibut  Island,  in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean,  about 
40  m.  from  the  S.  shore  of  the  peninsula  of  Alaska, 

Halifax,  a  thriving  market  town  and  parish, 
Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  long  noted  for  its  woollen  man- 
ufactures. It  is  near  a  branch  of  the  Calder,  in  the 
midst  of  numerous  waters,  peculiarly  adapted  for 
mills  and  machinery,  and  communicating  by  ca- 
nals with  Manchester,  Liverpool,  Lancaster,  and 
Hull.  A  continued  range  of  thriving  villages  and 
country  seats  spreads  itself  over  the  whole  parish, 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  kingdom,  being  20  miles 
long  by  17  wide.  The  chief  manufactures  are 
shalloons,  tammies,  duroys,  everlastings,  caliman- 
coes,  moreens,  shags,  serges,  baize,  narrow  and 
broad  cloth,  coatings,  and  carpets.  For  the  con- 
venience of  trade,  a  cloth  or  piece  liall  has  been 
erected  in  the  town  ;  it  is  a  large  and  elegant 
building  of  freestone,  and  has  315  separate  rooms 
lor  the  reception  of  goods.  Pop.  of  the  parish  in 
1811,  73,515  ;  of  the  town,  nearly  11,000;  197  m. 
N.  W.  London,  18  S.  W.  Leeds,  and  40  S.  W, 
York.  Lon.  1°  55'  W,  Lat.  53°  44'  N. 

Halifax  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lat.  18°  49'  S, 

Halifax,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  45 
m,  S,  E.  Three  Rivers, 

Halifax,  the  capital  of  Nova-Scotia,  is  in  Hali- 
fax CO.  on  a  spacious  bay  or  harbour  called  Che- 
buctoo,  of  a  bold  and  easy  entrance,  where  1,000 
of  the  largest  ships  might  ride  with  safety.  The 
town  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  the  harbour.  At  the 
north  extremity  is  the  king's  naval  yard,  com- 
pletely built,  and  supplied  with  stores  of  every 
kind  for  the  royal  navy.  The  harbour  is  open  at 
all  seasons  of  the  year.  Halifax  is  entrenched  with 
forts  of  timber  ; "  40  m,  S.  W,  Truro,  84  E,  An- 
napolis on  the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  157  S.  E,  St. 
Ann,  in  New  Brunswick,  Lon.  63°  35'  W.  Lat. 
44°  44'  N.    Pop,  15,000. 

Halifax,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt,  50  m,  S.  Wind- 
sor. Pop.  1,758. 

Halifax,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  13  m,  N.  W 
Plymouth.  35  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  703, 


308 


HAL 


Halifax,  p-t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  ou  the  E.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah,  13  m.  N.  Harrisburs:.  Pop. 
1,365. 

Halifax,  co.  Va.  bordering  on  North  Carolina. 
Pop.  22,133.  Slaves,  9,663.  At  the  court-house  ia 
a  post-office. 

Halifax,  co.  N.  C.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Northampton,  Edgecomb,  Bertie,  and  Warren. 
Pop.  15,620.  Slaves,  6,624. 

Halifax,  p-t.  and  cap,  Halifax  co.  N.  C  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Roanoke,  7 
m.  below  the  Great  Falls,  and  70  by  land  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river ;  36  m.  N.  Tarborough,  75  S. 
by  W.  Petersburg.  Lat.  36°  13'  N.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  and  contains  a  court-house  and  jail.  The 
river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  con- 
siderable burthen.  A  regular  trading  schooner,  of 
45  tons,  plies  constantly  between  this  place  and 
Norfolk.  A  canal  is  now  in  progress  around  the 
falls  of  the  Roanoke,  which  will  open  the  naviga- 
tion for  batteaux,  for  more  than  130  miles  above 
the  town. 

Halifoon,  t.  Sennaar,  10  m.  S.Halfaia. 

Haling,  ish  English  channel,  near  Portsmouth, 
Hants.  Lon.  0°  57'  W.  Lat.  50°  48'  N. 

Halkirk,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Caithness.  Pop. 
2,532. 

Hall,  or  Suabian  Hall,  fortified  t,  Wirtemberg, 
on  the  Kocher.  It  has  two  suburbs,  and  5,500  in- 
habitants, chiefly  Lutherans,  who  derive  their 
support  from  the  brine  springs,  which  produce  an- 
nually from  70,000  to  80,000  cwt.  of  salt,  30  m.  N. 
E.  Stutgard.  Lon.  9°  50"  E.  Lat.  49°  6'  N. 

Hall,  t.  Sweden,  23  m.  N.  E.  Stockholm. 

HalVs  Key,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Lon. 
89°  lO'W.  Lat.  160  10'N. 

Halladale,  r.  Scotland,  in  Sutherland  co.  which 
falls  into  the  PenUand  frith  5  or  6  m.  S.  E.  Strathy 
head. 

Hallam,  Upper  and  Kether,  two  towns  in  York- 
shire, about  3  m.  from  Sheffield. 

Hallam,  t.  York  co.  Pa.   Pop.  1,410. 

Halland,  province  in  the  S.  W.  of  Sweden,  bor- 
dering on  the  Cattegat  Extent,  1,465  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  73,600. 

Hallaton,  t.  Eng.  15  m.  S.  E.  Leicester.  Lon.  0° 
49'  W.  Lat.  52°  34'  N. 

Halle,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Saale.  The  university  of  Halle  has  a  high  litera- 
ry reputation.  Connected  with  it  are  the  botan- 
ical garden,  the  theological  and  philological  semi- 
naries, the  schools  of  midwifery,  the  medical  and 
surgical  clinical  institute,  the  anatomical  theatre, 
the  observatory,  the  society  of  natural  history,  &;c. 
In  the  suburb  of  Glaucha  is  the  orphan  hospital, 
and  Canstein's  establishment  for  printing  the 
scriptures,  erected  in  1712,  which  is  said  to  have 
produced  since  that  time  nearly  one  million  of 
new  testaments,  and  two  millions"  of  bibles.  The 
Lutherans  have  here  seven  parish  churches,  and 
the  Jews  a  synagogue.  The  manufactures  are 
woollens,  stockings,  silk,  leather,  buttons,  hard- 
ware, &c. ;  but  the  principal  is  that  of  starch.  In 
the  vicinity  are  salt  springs,  which  yield  about 
16,000  tons  of  salt  annuallv.  22  m.  S.  W.  Dessau, 
56  S.  by  E.  Magdeburg.  Lon.  IP  58' E.  Lat. 51° 
29'  N.  Pop.  including  the  suburbs.  25,000. 

Halle,  or  Haiix,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Brussels.     Pop.  3,7.50. 

Hallein,  t.  Lower  Austria,  in  the  Saltzbui^ 
quarter,  on  tlie  Salze.  In  the  vicinity  are  salt 
mines,  which  yield  annually  from  13,000  to  15,000 
tons,  worth  about  120,000/.  sterliBj.     The  salt  is 


HAM 

found  in  masses  in  the  interior  of  a  mountain  call- 
ed Durnberg,  about  4  miles  from  the  town.  Pop, 
4,600.  Hallem  is  9  m.  S.  E.  of  Saltzburg. 

Halliar,  district.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  extending 
along  tlie  S.  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Cutch. 

Hall  im  Innthal,  t.  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn.  It  has  a 
convent  and  a  mint.  Its  salt-works  produce  an- 
nually above  270,000  cwt.  of  salt ;  9  m.  N.  E.  Ins- 
pruck,  48  N.  Brixen.  Lon.  11°  32'  E.  Lat.  47° 
17'  N.  Pop.  4,200. 

Hallingdal,  r.  Norway,  which  runs  into  the  bay 
of  Christiania,  near  Holmestrand. 

Halliwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Great  Bolton.  Pop.  1,822. 

Halloughton.     See  Hallaton. 

Hallowell,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Upper  Canada^ 
on  Lake  Ontario. 

Hallowell,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  at  the  head  of  the  tide,  2  miles  below 
Augusta,  54  N.  E.  Portland.  Lat.  44°  16' N.  Pop, 
2,068.  Within  a  few  years  it  has  increased  very 
rapidly,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  wealthy,  pop- 
ulous, and  flourishing  towns  in  Maine.  The  prin- 
cipal village  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river,  and 
contains  an  academy,  a  bank,  2  meeting-houses,  2 
printing  offices,  several  fine  brick  stores,  and  more 
than  200  dwelling-houses.  The  surrounding  coun- 
try is  fertile,  and  beef,  pork,  pot  and  pearl  ashes, 
flour,  and  lumber,  are  brought  hither  for  exporta- 
tion. The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  ves- 
sels of  150  tons. 

HalCs  river,  N.  H.  a  headwater  of  the  Connecti- 
cut. It  flows  from  the  N.  W.  and  its  mouth  is  in 
lat.  45°  N. 

Hallstadf,  t.  Austria,  on  a  lake  to  which  it  gives 
name,  25  m.  S.  Gemunden. 

Halmoe,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  belonging  to 
Denmark,  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Arroe.  Lon.  10°  30' E. 

Halmstadt,  t.  Sweden,  cap.  of  Halland,  on  the 
Cattegat,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nissa.  Pop.  1,350. 
96  m.  W.  N.  W.  Carlscrona.  Lon.  12«>  37'  E. 
Lat.  56°  39'  45"  N. 

Halsall,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Ormskirk. 

Hahtead,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex.  Pop.  3,280.  46  m.  N. 
E.  London. 

Haltern,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Munster.  Lon.  7°  17'  E.  Lat.  51°  45^  N. 

Halton,  or  Haulton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  13  m. 
N.E.Chester.  Pop.  894. 

HaUwhistle,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  37  m. 
W.  Newcastle.  Lon.  2°  28'  W.  Lat.  54°  58'  N. 

Ham,  a  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Surrey,  on  the  Thames. 
11  m.  S.  W.  London.  Pop.  781. 

Ham,  East,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  7  m.  E.  London. 

Ham,  West,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the  river  Lea; 
5 J  m.  E.  N.  E.  Statford.  Pop.  8,136. 

Ham,  t.  France,  on  the  Somme,  42  m.  S.  E. 
Amiens. 

Ham,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  50  m. 
S.  E.  Three- Rivers. 

Ham-bluff,  caoe,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Santa. 
Cruz,  in  the  West  Indies.  Lon.  63°  34' W.  Lat. 
17°  51'  N. 

Hamadan,  or  Amadan,  a  city  of  Irak,  in  Persia, 
supposed  to  be  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ecbata- 
na.  It  is  a  mart  of  commerce  between  Ispahan 
and  Bagdad,  Lon.  4°  8'  E.  Lat.  34°  53'  N.  Pop. 
about  40,000. 

Hamah,  t.  Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  generally  sup- 
posed to  be  the  ancient  Apamea  ;  62  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Aleppo.  Lon.  37°  10'  E.  Lat  34°  4V  N. 


HAM 

Hamamct,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Tunis,  30  m.  S.  Tu- 
nis,   Lon.  10°  38'  E,  Lat.  36°  13'  N. 

Hamar.     See  Hammer. 

Hamaih,  in  Sac.  Geoj.  a  place  on  the  N,  border 
of  Canaan.  It  was,  in  later  times,  called  Epiph- 
any. 

Hambaclu,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  5  m. 
N.  E.  Landau,  16  S.  W.  Manheim.     Pop.  1,030. 

Hambuch,  t.  Bavarian  states,  6  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Amberg. 

Hambalo.     See  Ambato. 

Uambic,  or  Hanibye^  t.  France,  in  La  Manche, 
9  m.  S.  E.  Coutances.     Pop.  3,550. 

Humble,  t.  Eng:.  in  Hants,  5  m.  S.  E.  South- 
ampton. 

HambtcdoTU,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  64  m.  S.  W. 
London,  13  E.  Southampton. 

Hambre,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Mayenne. 

Hamburg,  p-t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Erie, 
S.  of  Buffalo. 

Hamburg  on  the  Lake,  p-v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

Hamburg,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  18  m.  fr.  Gro- 
shen,  (N.  Y.)  '20  fr.  Newton. 

Hamburg,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Schuylkill,  18  m.  N.  by  W.  Reading,  70  N.  N. 
W.  Philadelphia. 

Hamburg,  p-t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  E.  Can- 
ton. 

Hamburgh,  a  free  city,  and  the  greatest  com- 
mercial tov/n  in  Germany,  is  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Elbe,  78  m.  from  its  mouth,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Alster,  which  comes  in  from  the  north.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  crowded,  and  irregular,  and  the 
houses  awkward  and  old  fashioned.  They  are  in 
general  of  great  height,  and  built  of  brick  and  wood. 
"There  are,  however,  exceptions,  particularly  in 
the  quarter  called  the  New  Town,  many  of  the 
houses  being  neatly  built,  and  some  streets  ele- 
gant. Hamburgh  covers  a  large  extent  of  ground, 
but  nearly  a  third  of  the  space  included  by  the 
walls  is  occupied  by  canals,  piers,  and  the  basin 
formed  by  the  Alster.  Formerly,  V<rewing  was 
the  chief  employment  here.  The  refining  of  su- 
gar employed,  in  the  beginning  of  this  century, 
more  than  SCiO  houses,  and  is  still  considerable. 
The  printing  of  cotton,  linen,  and  handkerchiefs, 
gives  occupation  to  many  hundred  workmen. 
The  dye-works,  and  the  machinery  for  twisting  to- 
bacco, are  also  of  considerable  extent.  But  since 
1793,  Hamburgh  has  been  gradually  exchanging 
its  manufacturing  for  a  mercantile  character.  It 
is  admirably  situated  for  trade,  possessing  an  ex- 
tensive water  communication  with  the  interior  by 
the  Elbe,  which  is  navigable  throughout  all  Sax- 
ony, even  to  Bohemia.  The  Alster,  though  far 
inferior  in  size,  carries  boats,  with  the  aid  of  a 
canal,  all  the  way  to  Lubeck,  on  the  Baltic.  Ac- 
cordingly, Hamburgh  has  long  been  a  commercial 
place  of  the  first  importance,  particularly  during 
a  war  among  the  maritime  powers.  The  vessels 
which  arrive  at  this  port  from  different  countries, 
in  the  course  of  a  year,  are  about  2,000,  more  than 
one-third  of  which  are  from  Great  Britain. — The 
established  religion  is  the  Lutheran,  but  complete 
toleration  prevails.  Here  are  many  patriotic  and 
charitable  institutions ;  and  no  Protestant  city  of 
its  size  contains  a  greater  number  of  hospitals. 
The  revenue  of  the  orphan-house  is  estimated  at 
6,000/.  sterling.  The  town  library  contains 
100,000  volumes,  but  is  deficient  in  late  publica- 
tions. The  city  revenue  is  more  than  150,000/.  The 
territory  of  Hamburgh  embrace«about  ISSsij-miles. 


HAM 


307 


It  consists  of  a  small  district  lying  around  the 
city,  of  the  town  and  bailiwick  of  Cuxhaven,  at 
the  mouthof  the  Elbe,  and  of  some  villages  scatter- 
ed in  the  duchy  of  Holstein.  Hamburgh  is  con- 
nected with  Frankfort,  Lubeck,  and  Bremen,  ia 
some  commercial  regulations  ;  and  they  still  re- 
tain the  old  name  of  Hanse-towns.  The  Congress 
of  Vienna  gave  Hamburgh  a  vote  in  the  Ger- 
manic diet,  in  conjunction  with  Frankfort,  Lu- 
beck, and  Bremen.  It  stands  39  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lu- 
beck, 84  N.  Hanover,  448  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  9° 
58' 35"  E.  Lat.  53'=  32'  31"  N.  Pop.  107,000,  or, 
including  the  territory,  129,800. 

Hamden.     See  Hampden. 

Hamden,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  5i  m.  N.  New 
Haven.  Pop.  1,716.  In  this  town,  2  miles  from 
the  city  of  New  Haven,  is  the  extensive  gun-man- 
ufactory, called  Whitney's  factory.' 

Hameln,  t.  and  fortress,  in  the  S.  W.  of  Hano- 
ver, at  the  confluence  of  the  Weser  and  the  Ha- 
mel.  It  carries  on  an  active  traffic  in  manufac- 
tures of  tobacco,  hats,  and  woollens.  22  m.  S-.  E. 
Minden,  25  S.  W.  Hanover.     Pop.  5,000. 

Hami,  country,  of  Mongolia,  in  central  Asia, 
in  the  heart  of  the  desert  of  Cobi,  now  subject  to 
China.  It  contains  only  one  city  and  a  few  villa- 
ges. 

Hamilton,  cape,  on  the  N.  end  of  Newfound- 
land. 

Hamilton,  t.  Scotland,  in  Lanark  co.  on  the 
banks  of  the  Clyde  and  Avon,  near  their  conflu- 
ence, and  in  the  midst  of  a  level,  fertile,  and 
highly  cultivated  country.  Near  the  town  is  a 
magnificent  palace  of  the  duke  of  Hamilton.  11 
m.  S.  E.  Glasgow,  38  W.  by  S.  Edinburgh,  14  W. 
Lanark.     Pop.  5,453. 

Hamilton,  t.  Gaspe  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Cha « 
leur  bay. 

Hamilton,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Up.  Canada, 
extending  from  lake  Ontario  to  Rice  lake. 

Hamilton,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  8  m.  N.  E.  Sa- 
lem, 23  N.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  780. 

Hamilton,  co.  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
St.  Lawrence,  Franklin,  Essex,  Washington, 
Saratoga,  Montgomery,  and  Herkimer. 

Hamilton,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  S.  W. 
Utica,  HOW.  Albany.  Pop.  2,220.  It  contains 
2  churches.  The  village  is  handsomely  built  on 
the  main  branch  of  Chenango  river. 

Hamilton,  v.  in  Olean,  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y.  at 
the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Alleghany,  where 
it  receives  Olean  creek.  It  is  eligibly  situated  for 
trade,  and  is  an  important  thoroughfare  in  the  in- 
tercourse between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Western 
states.  65  m.  S.  BufTalo,  291  from  Philadelphia, 
294  W.  Newburg,  260  N.  E.  Pittsburg,  by  water. 

Hamilton,  v.  in  Madrid,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N. 
Y.  on  the  river  St  Lawrence,  opposite  Ogden's 
island. 

Hamilton,  Albany  co.  N.  Y.     See  Guilderlandt. 

Hamilton  college.     See  Clinton. 

Hamilton,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,263. 

Hamilton,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill, opposite  Philadelphia. 

Hamilton,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,044, 

Hamilton  ban,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Hamilton,  p-t.  Martin  co.  N.  C. 

Hamilton,  co.  the  S.  W.  part  of  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river.  Pop.  in  1815,  18,700.  Chief  town,  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Hamilton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on 
Miami  river,  25  m.  N.  Cincinnati,  105  S,  W. 
Colnmbu",    Here  is  a  printing  oftce. 


308 


HAM 


HAN 


Hamilton,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.  Colum- 
bus.    Pop.  in  1819,  835. 

Hamilton,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda  islands,  and 
now  the  seat  of  government. 

Hanim,  t  Prussian  States,  in  the  province  of 
Westphalia,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Asse  and 
the  Lippe.  Its  great  article  of  export  is  hams. 
Pop.  3,100.  17  m.  S.  Munster.  Lon.  7°  53'  E. 
Lat.  51°  40'  N. 

Hammait,  t.  Tunis,  10  m.  W.  Cabes. 

Hammam  Leef,  t.  Africa,  where  there  is  a  cele- 
brated hot  bath,  14  m.  S.  Tunis. 

Hammam  Meskouteen,  celebrated  warm  baths, 
in  Algiers,  45  m.  E.  Constantina. 

Hamme,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  6  m. 
N.  Dendermonde,  16  E.  N.  E.  Ghent.  Pop. 
8,370. 

Hammelburg,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Saale, 
27  m.  S.  Fuldah,  18  W.  Schweinfurt.    Pop.  2,300. 

Hammer,  t.  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  20  m.  N. 
Christiania. 

Hammer  Island,  small  isl.  Sweden,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, 4  m.  E.  Carlscrona. 

Hammerfest,  v.  Norway,  in  Finmark,  near  t|ie 
North  Cape,  in  lon.  24°  28'  E.  and  lat.  70°  39'  N. 

Hatnmersleben,  t.  Prussian  States,  17  m.  S.  W. 
Magdebure,  14  E.  by  N.  Halber&tadt.  Lon.  11° 
30' E.  Lat.  52°  2' N. 

Hammersmith,  t.  Eng.  in  Middlesex  co.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  "Thames,  2h  m.  W.  London.  Pop. 
7,393. 

Hammsrstcin,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  on  the  Rhine,  6  m.  N.  N.  W.  Coblentz. 

Hammond  Cape,  the  W.  extremity  of  Kaye's 
island,  in  the  Pacific,  Lon.  215^  E.  Lat.  59° 
48'  N. 

Hammkar,  2  small  islands  in  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, one  on  the  E.  side,  in  lon.  23°  39'  E.  lat.  63° 
54'  N. ;  the  other  on  the  W.  side,  in  lon.  20°  E. 
lat.  63°  25'  N. 

Hantoaze,  the  west  division  of  Plymouth  Sound, 
m  Eug.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tamare.  It  forms  the 
harbor  of  the  navy. 

Humont,  or  Helmonl,  t.  Netherlands,  42  m.  N. 
Liege.     Lon.  5°  40'  E.  Lat.  51°  15'  N. 

Hampden,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Penobscot  river,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ban- 
gor, 28  N.  W.  Castine.  Pop.  1,276.  The  Theo- 
logical Seminary  which  was  established  in  this 
town,  is  now  removed  to  Bangor. 

Hampden,  co.  Mass.  on  both  sides  of  Connecti- 
cut river,  inclosed  by  the  counties  of  Berkshire, 
Bampbhire,  and  Worcester,  and  the  State  of  Con- 
necticut. Pop.  25,403.  Chief  town,  Spring- 
field. 

Hampden  Sydney  college.     See  Prince  Edward 

COUtltjl/. 

Hampden,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

Hampshire,  Hants,  or  Southampton,  one  of  the 
southern  counties  of  England,  on  tlie  English 
channel,  including  also  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  in 
some  points  of  jurisdiction  tlie  islands  of  Jersey 
and  Guernsey,  bounded  S.  by  the  English  chan^ 
nel,  N.  by  Berkshire,  E.  by  Surrey  and  Sussex, 
and  W.  by  Wiltshire  and  Dorsetshire.  About 
one  half  of  the  land  is  devoted  to  pasturage,  one 
fourth  is  arable,  and  the  remainder  is  occupied 
with  extensive  forests  of  oak,  and  large  tracts  of 
waste  and  open  heath,  especially  on  the  borders  of 
Dorsetshire.  Pop.  in  1811,  245,080;  of  whom 
21,400  families  were  employed  in  agriculture, 
and  18,024  in  trade  and  manufactures. 


Hampshire,  co.  in  Quebec  district,  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Hampshire,  co.  Mass.  on  both  sides  of  Connecti- 
cut river,  and  inclosed  by  Franklin,  Worcester, 
Hampden,  and  Berkshire  counties.  Pop.  24,523. 
Chief  town,  Northampton. 

Hampshire,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  the  Potomac, 
and  the  counties  of  Berkley,  Frederick,  and  Har- 
dy. Pop.  9,784.  Slaves,  929.  Chief  town, 
Romney. 

Hampstead,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  formerly  re- 
sorted to  for  its  mineral  spring.  Pop.  5,483.  4 
m.  N.  London. 

Hampstead,  t.  Queens  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  W.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Hampstead,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  24  m.  S. 
W,  Portsmouth.     Pop.  733. 

Hampstead,  p-t.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  W. 
New  York.  Pop.  2,313.  It  contains  2  churches, 
1  for  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  for  Presbyterians. 
The  extensive  iron  works  called  Ramapoo  Works, 
are  in  this  town. 

Hampstead,  p-v.  King  George  co.  Va. 

Hampton,  v.  Eng.  on  the  Thames,  in  Middlesex, 
near  which,  among  other  elegant  mansions,  is  the 
magnificent  palace  of  Hampton  Court.  14  ro.  W. 
London.     Pop.  1,984. 

Hampton,  Little,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Avon.     Pop.  882. 

Hampton,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
sea  coast,  10  m.  S.  W.  Portsmouth.  Pop.  990.  It 
contains  2  meeting-hougcs,  and  an  academy. 

Hampton,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  37  m-  E.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  1,274. 

Hampton,  p-v.  in  Westmoreland,  Oneida  co.  N. 
Y.  11  m.  W.  Whitesborough. 

Hampton,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  70  m.  N.  E. 
Albany.     Pop.  820. 

Hampton,  p-t.  Elizabeth-city  co.  Va. 

Hampton  falls,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  sea  coast,  10  m.  S.  W.  Portsmouth.  Pop.  570. 
It  contains  3  churches,  2  for  Congregationalists, 
and  1  for  Baptists. 

Hamptonville,  p-t,  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Hamza  Burg,  castle  of  Aluiers,  on  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Anzia,  45  m.  S.  S.  E.  Algiers. 

Hanau,  or  Hanau  Munzenburg,  a  large  tract 
of  country  in  the  electorate  of  Hesse-Cassel,  ex- 
tending along  the  N.  bank  of  the  Maine.  Hanau 
is  its  capital.  It  is  one  of  the  richest  districts  in 
the  west  of  Germany,  Extent,  470  square  miles. 
Pop.  74,000. 

Hanau,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the  Kinzig,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Maine.  A  large  proportion  of 
the  inhabitants  are  occupied  in  manufacturing 
watches,  jewelry,  camblets,  and  hats,  but  above 
all,  silk,  which  employs  several  hundred  families. 
It  is  the  chief  commercial  place  of  Hesse-Cassel. 
13  m.  E.  Frankfort  on  tlie  Maine,  30  S.  S.  E. 
Wetzlar,  27  E.  Mentz.  Lon  8°  59'  E.  Lat.  50« 
9'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Hanau-Lichtenberg,  a  principality  belonging 
formerly  to  a  younger  branch  of  the  counts  of 
Hanau,  now  shared  between  France,  Baden,  and 
Hesse-Darmstadt.     Pop.  80,000. 

Hanazo,  r.  Abyssinia,  which  approaches  the 
straits  of  Babelmandel,  but  before  reaching  them, 
is  evaporated  or  absorbed  in  the  sands. 

Hancock,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  Penobscot 
bay, bounded  N.  by  Penobscot  co.E.  by  Washington 
CO.  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Lincoln  co. 
Pop.  30,031.    Chief  town,  Castine. 


HAN 

Hancock,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  K. 
Keene,  28  S.  W.  Concord.    Pop.  1,184. 

Hancock,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  29  m.  S.  W. 
Montpelier.    Pop.  311. 

Hancock,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Lenox.     Pop.  1,049. 

Hancock,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S.  W. 
Delhi,  60  W.  Kingston.     Pop.  578. 

Hancock,  p-t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

Hancock,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Md.  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Potomac,  25  m.  S.  E.  Bedford,  Pa.  119 
N.W.Baltimore. 

Hancock,  co.  Western  district  of  Geo.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Oconee.  Pop.  13,330.  Slaves,  6,456 
Chief  town,  Sparta. 

Hancock,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Lako  Borgne,  and 
separated  bv  Pearl  river  from  Louisiana.  Pop.  in 
1816,  1,000'    Slaves,  333. 

Hancock,  co.  Ohio,  formed  in  1820,  ia  the  Indian 
reservation. 

Hancocks,  p-v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 

Hangmayi's  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Kinsale  harbour,  2  m.  S.  Kinsale.  Lon. 
8o  29'  W.  Lat.  51°  47'  N. 

Hango-Udd,  promontory  of  Russia,  in  Finland, 
with  a  good  harbour  and  village  ;  20  m.  E.  Ek- 
nas.    Lon.  22°  57' 45'' E.  Lat.  59°  46' 20"  N. 

Hangtcheofou,  a  large  and  splendid  city  of  Chi- 
na, cap.  of  the  province  of  Tchekiang,  on  the  riv- 
er Tsien-tang.  It  is  called  by  the  Chinese  the 
Terrestrial  Paradise,  and  is  supposed  to  contain  a 
million  of  inhabitants.  The  silk  trade  is  here 
very  extensive.  This  city  communicates  with  the 
sea  by  means  of  the  river,  but  Europeans  are 
rigorously  excluded  from  it.  Lon.  119°  46'  E. 
Lat.  30°  20'  N. 

Hangwell,  t.  and  fort,  Ceylon,  belonging  to  the 
British.     Lon.  80°  3'  E.  Lat.  7°  1'  N. 

Hanhikiri,  small  isl.  near  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Lon.  24°  12'  E.  Lat.  64°  33'  N. 

Hankiiesi,  lake,  Finland,  in  Kuopis,  about  35 
miles  long.  It  communicates  with  the  river  Sai- 
men. 

Hartley,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  2  m.  N.  E. 
Newcastle-under-line.  Lon.  2°  10'  W.  Lat.  53° 
2'N.    Pop.  4,481. 

Hanna,  r.  Moravia,  ■which  falls  into  the 
March,  2  m.  N.  Kremsier. 

Hannachreen,  small  island  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  6  m.  E.  Rinveel  point.  Lon.  9°  10'  W. 
Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Hannah's  Bay,  bay  in  the  S.  part  of  James' 
bay,  Hudson's  bay.     Lon.  80°  W.  Lat.  51°  12'  N. 

Hannibal,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Onondaga  river,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  On- 
tario, 30  m.  N.  W.  Onondaga,  180  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  692.  The  village  of  Oswego  is  partly  in 
this  township. 

Hanno,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  on  the  coast  of 
Sweden,  40  m.  S.  W.  Bornholm. 

Hannut,  or  Hannuye,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege, 
18  m.  N.  W.  Namur. 

Hanover,  a  kingdom  in  the  N.  W.  of  Germany, 
having  the  Elbe  on  the  N.  E.  the  German  ocean 
on  the  N.  W.  Dutch  Friesland,  with  Prussian 
Westphalia,  on  the  S.  W.  and  Saxony  on  the 
S.  E.  Extent,  14,600  square  miles.  It  lies  be- 
tween 6°  51'  and  11°  51'  E.  lon.  and  51°  18'  and 
53°  54'  N.  lat.  Pop.  1,303,100,  of  whom  above 
200,000  were  acquired  by  treaty  in  1815.  Since 
these  states  were  in  that  year  erected  into  a  king- 
dom, the  following  division  into  eleven  provinces 
has  been  adopted : 


HAN 


Provinces. 


Extent  ill  Sq. 
miles. 
1046 
1220 
4236 


309 

Pop: 


920 
520 


2160 
400 
1100 


700 


139,250 
176,100 
243,000 

105,150 

128,950 
125,050 

S2,55(? 


24,350 
120,850 

2),150 

25,200 


Calenberg,     -        -        -        - 
Gottingen,  -       -        -        - 
Luneburg,    -        -        -        - 
Hoya  and  Diepholtz,    acquired 

in  1543  and  1585,     -     -      - 
Hildesheim,  acquired  partly  in 
1519,  partly  in  1815,        -      - 
Osnaburg,  acquired  in  1648,     - 
Verden,  acquired  in  1715,     - 
Bremen  duchy  of,  which  is  dis- 
tinct from  the  town,acquired  in 
1719,         -     .    -  .      - 
Bentheim,  acquired  in  1753,     - 
East  Friesland,  acquired  in  1815. 
Lingen,  with  part  of  the  lordship 

of  Rheina,  acquired  in  1815, 
The  lordship  of  Meppen,acquir 
ed in  1815, 


Total,  14,570  1,30^,100 

With  the  exception  of  the  Hartz,  and  other  ele- 
vated tracts  which  occupy  part  of  the  south,  the 
territory  of  Hanover  consists  of  an  immense  plain^ 
with  gentle  undulations.  In  the  south,  the  vallie» 
are  fertile  ;  in  the  north  there  are  many  bso-ren 
heaths  and  moors.  The  chief  exports  are  coarse 
linen,  iron  and  copper  from  the  Hartz,  timber, 
horses,  and  black  cattle.  The  revenue  amounts 
to  a  million  sterling.  The  public  debt  does  not 
exceed  a  million  and  a  half  sterling.  The  Luthe- 
ran is  the  prevailing  religion  in  Hanover,  but 
complete  toleration  is  granted  to  all  sects.  The 
Calvinists  amount  only  to  40,000,  and  the  Catho- 
lics to  150,000.  The  number  of  Jews  is  between 
8,000  and  9,000.  The  principal  literary  institu- 
tion is  the  university  of  Gottingen,  esteemed  one 
of  the  first  establishments  of  the  kind  in  Europe. 
The  king  of  Great  Britain  is  also  king  of  Hanover, 
but  the  two  countries  are  politically  distinct. 
There  have  in  fact  been  several  instances  of  the 
same  prince  making  peace  with  an  enemy  in  the 
capacity  of  elector  of  Hanover,  while  the  king  ol 
Great  Britain  continued  at  war  ;  and,  in  the  con- 
vention of  26th  August,  1815,  for  keeping  up  an 
army  on  the  French  frontier,  the  king  of  Great 
Britain  bound  himself,  in  due  diplomatic  form,  to 
pay  a  subsidy  to  the  king  of  Hanover.  At  the  diet 
of  Germany,  the  king  of  Hanover  occupies  the 
fifth  rank,  taking  precedence  of  all  except  Austria, 
Prussia,  Bavaria,  and  Saxony.  He  has  four  votes 
at  the  general  assembly.  The  crown  is  heredita- 
ry in  the  order  of  primogeniture,  and  the  succes- 
sion is  limited  to  the  male  line.  'The  king's  power 
has  a  counterpoise  in  the  states,  which  consists  ol 
the  Wolfenbuttelnobility,  the  heads  of  the  church, 
and  the  deputies  of  the  towns.  No  tax  can  be  lev- 
ied, or  new  law  made,  without  the  consent  of  the 
states.  The  government  was  formerly  conducted 
by  a  council  of  regency,  but  recently  a  viceroy 
has  been  appointed. 

Hanover,  city,  Germany,  capital  of  the  kingdom 
of  Hanover,  is  on  the  Leine,  a  navigable  river, 
which  afterwardsjoins  the  Weser.  It  is  separated 
by  the  river  into  two  parts,  called  the  old  and  new 
town.  The  elector's  palace,  where  the  regency 
formerly  resided,  is  a  large  edifice,  and  is  now  re- 
ceiving improvements,  which  will  render  it  an  el- 
egant building  ;  meantime,  the  viceroy,  (duke  of 
Cambridge,)  occupies  a  handsome  mansion  in  the 
immediate  ricfnity.    The  public  library,  founded 


310 


HAN 


by  Leibnitz,  ia  also  a  good ,  building.  There  are 
5  Lutheran  churches  ;  the  Calvinists  and  Catho- 
lics have  each  their  chapels,  and  the  Jews  have 
a  Synagogue.  The  inhabitants  derive  their  chief 
support  from  the  presence  of  the  court.  28  m. 
W.  Brunswick,  154  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  9°  42'  E. 
Lat.  52°  22'  N.     Pop.  25,000. 

Hanover^  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Connecticut  river,  55  ni,  N.  W.  Concord,  98  W. 
W.  W.  Portsmouth,  115  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
2,135.  The  town  contains  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists. The  principal  village  is  situated  in  a  beau- 
tiful plian,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  river,  and 
contains  the  buildings  of  Dartmouth  college,  and 
about  60  dwelling-houses. 

Dartmouth  college  derives  its  name  from  Will- 
iam Earl  of  Dartmouth,  one  of  its  principal  bene- 
factors. It  was  founded  in  1769,  by  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Eleazer  Wheelock,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  respectable  and  flourishing  colleges  in  the 
United  States.  The  funds  consist  chiefly  of  lands, 
amounting  to  about  80,000  acres.  The  revenue  ari- 
sing from  this  source,  is  about  1,600  dollars  a  year. 
This,  with  the  tuition,  makes  an  income  of  nearly 
4,000  dollars.  The  college  edifice  is  of  wood,  150 
feet  long,  50  wide,  3  stories  high,  and  contains 
36  rooms.  A  Medical  Institution  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  college  since  1797,  and  is  accom- 
modated with  a  brick  edifice,  containing  besides 
rooms  for  students,  a  laboratory,  an  anatomical 
museum,  2  lecture  rooms,  a  chapel,  and  dining 
hall.  The  college  library  contains  about  4,000 
volumes,  and  there  are  2  libraries  belonging  to 
societies  of  students,  each  of  which  contains  near- 
ly 2,000  volumes.  The  chemical  and  philosoph- 
ical apparatus  are  valuable.  The  officers  of  the 
college  in  1819,  were  a  president,  4  professors,  2 
lecturers,  and  3  tutors.  The  number  of  students 
was  147,  exclusive  of  about  60  medical  students. 
The  whole  number  who  had  been  educated  here 
in  1816,  was  1,190. 

Hanover,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  15  m.  N.  W. 
Plymouth,  25  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  117. 

Hanover,  v.  in  Paris,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oris- 
kany  creek. 

Hanover,  p-t  Chatauque  co.  (N.  Y.)  N.  E.  of 
Chatauque. 

Hanover,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Pasiaic,  16 
m.  N.  W.  Elizabethtown.     Pop.  3,843. 

Hanover,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,538. 

Hanover,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Cone- 
wago  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Susquehannah, 
18  m.  S.  W.  York,  106  W.  by  S.  Philadelphia.  It 
contains  2  churches.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here  in  the  German  language. 

Hanover,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  635. 

Hanover,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,049. 

Hanover,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,090. 

Hanover,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,291. 

Hanover,  J^ew,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,065. 

Hanover,  East,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,387. 

Hanover,  West,  t.  Dauphin  co  Pa.      Pop.  2,461. 

Hanover,  Upper,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
925. 

Hanover,  co.  Va.  between  Chickahominy  and 
Pamunky  rivers.  Pop.  15,082.  Slaves,  8,454.  In 
this  county  is  Washington-Henry  Academy,  at 
Hanover,  9  m.  N.  E.  Richmond. 

Hanover,  p-t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.      Pop.  734. 

Hanover,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N.  Cadiz. 

Hanover,  t.  Lickiog  co.  Ohio. 


H  A  R 

Hanover,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W.  Rossrille. 

Hanovertown,  p-t.  Hanover  co.  Va.  on  the  Pa- 
munky, 6  m.  above  New  Castle,  22  N.  E.  Rich- 
mond. 

Hanover  Bay,  or  Chetamal  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Yucatan.     Lon.  89°   15'  W.    Lat.  18°  45' N, 

Hanover,  New,  country  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  between  New  Cornwall  and  New  Geor- 
gia, extending  from  lat.  45°  30'  to  53°  15'  N. 

Hanover,  JVew,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  148** 
27' E.  Lat.  2°  49' S. 

Hansbecke,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  10 
m.  W.  Ghent.     Pop.  2,450. 

Hansdorf,  or  Hanusfalva,  t.  Hungary,  in  Saros, 
12  m.  N.  E.  Szeben.  Lon.  21°  31'  35"  E.  Lat.  49<* 
0'  25''  N. 

Hanse  Towns,  the  name  of  a  well-known  asso- 
ciation of  cities  of  Germany,  and  other  countries, 
for  the  protection  of  trade,  which  subsisted  from 
the  13th  to  the  17th  centuries.  In  the  height  of 
the  association,  the  Hanseatic  league  consisted  of 
64  commercial  towns,  and  was  capable  of  carry- 
ing on  naval  operations  on  a  large  scale.  Lubeck, 
Hamburgh,  and  Bremen  still  retain  the  name  of 
Hanse  towns,  and  maintain  a  kind  of  commercial 
treaty  with  each  other. 

Hanslop,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckinghamshire,  4  ra.  N. 
W.  Newport-Pagnel. 

Hanson  Point,  the  S.  cape  at  the  entrance  into 
Gray' s  harbour.     Lon.  236°  7'  E.  Lat.  46°  58'  N. 

Hansy,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  76°  10'  E.  Lat. 
28°  46' "N. 

Hants.     See  Hampshire. 

Hants,  CO.  Nova-Scotia,  which  contains  the 
townships  of  Windsor,  Falmouth,  and  Newport. 

Hanxlet,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Botlmia.  Lon. 
21°  30'  E.  Lat.  63°  19'  N. 

Hapae,  or  Habei,  a  cluster  of  islets  among  the 
Friendly  islands.     Lon.  185°  36'  E.  Lat.  19°  39'  S. 

Hapsal,  or  Gapsal,  t.  Russia,  in  Esthorio,  on  the 
Baltic,  60  m.  S.  Revel. 

Hapsal,  s-p.  Livonia,  on  the  Baltic,  5  m.  S.  W, 
Revel. 

Hapsburg.     See  Habsburg. 

Haram,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.     Lat.  22°  18'  N. 

Haramfoe,  a  small  island  near  the  coast  of  Nor- 
way.    Lat.  62°  36'  N. 

Haran,  in  Sac.Geog.t.  Mesopotamia,  famous  in 
later  times  for  the  slaughter  of  Crassus  and  his  ar- 
my. 

Haratch,  (anciently  Savvis,)  r.  N.  Africa,  which 
falls  into  the  sea  6  m.  S.  E.  Algiers. 

Harbach,  r.  Transylvania,  whichjoins  tlie  Za- 
bein  nearHermannstadt. 

Harbach,  r.  Wirtemburg,  which  falls  into  the 
Muhr,  1  m.  N.  W.  Muhrhard. 

Har6onmere5,  t.  France,  on  the  Somme,  15  m. 
E.  Amiens,  11  S.  W.  Peronne. 

Harborough,  or  Market  Harborough,  t.  Eng.  in 
Leicester  co.  on  the  Welland.  It  has  a  conside- 
rable manufacture  of  tammies,  lustrings,  &c.  83 
m.  N.  W.  London,  15  S.  E.  Leicester.  Lon.  0« 
55'  W.  Lat.  52°  29'  N.    Pop.  1,704. 

Harbour  Cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  Well's  bay, 
on  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  70°  24'  W.  Lat.  43« 
18' N. 

Harbour  Island,  one  of  the  smaller  Bahama  isl- 
ands, N.  of  Eleuthera.  Lon.  76°  44'  W.  Lat. 
25°56'N. 

Harbourg,  small  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near 
the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  1°  59'  W.  Lat.  48° 
39' N. 


H  A  R 

Harburg,  t.  Hapover,  in  the  duchy  of  Lunc- 
hurg,  on  the  Elbe,  opposite  Hamburgh.  Pop. 
3,650.  7  m.  S.  Hamburgh,  22  N.  W.  Luneburg. 
Lon.  9°  56'  E.  Lat.  53°  28'  N. 

Harcmirt,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Falaise,  12  S.  Caen. 

Hardanger/iord,  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Norway,  between  59°  28' and  60°  25'  N.  lat. 

Hardegg,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Theya,  50  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Vienna.     Lon.  15°  42'  E.  Lat.  48°  4^  N. 

Harden,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  adjoining  Knox 
CO.  Pop.  7,531.  Slaves,  940.  Chief  town,  Eliz- 
abethtown. 

Hardenberg,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on 
the  Vecht,  10  m.  S.  W.  Coeverden.     Pop.  2,600. 

Hardenberg,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  in  Berg, 
14  m.  E.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf. 

Hardenburg,  p-t  and  cap.  Breckenridge  co. 
Ken. 

Hardenburg  milky  p-v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Harden'' s  cove,  p-v.  Randolph  co.  Va. 

Harderwyck,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  28  m.  N.  W.  Arnheim,  40  E. 
Amsterdam.  Lon.  5°  34'  E.  Lat.  52°  22'  N.  Pop. 
3,750. 

Hardheim,  t.  Baien,  on  the  Erf,  9  m.  W.  Bis- 
choffsheim,  10  S.  ^    E.  Miltenberg. 

Hardin,  co.  Oliic  formed  in  1820,  in  the  Indian 
reservation.  ^ 

Hardin,  t.  and  cap.  Shelby  co.  Ohio. 
■  Hardiston,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,702. 

Hardicick,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  21  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  734. 

Hardwick,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  22  m.  N. 
W.  Worcester,  70  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,657. 

Hardicick,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Delaware, 
10  m.  S.  W.  Newton.     Pop.  2,561. 

Hardwick,  small  t.  Bryan  co.  Geo.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ogechee,  18  m.  S.  by  W.  Savannah. 

Hardwicke  Bay,  large  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
New  Holland.     Lon.  137°  21'  E.  Lat.  34^  28i'  S. 

Hardwick' s  Island,  isl.  in  Johnstone's  strait,  on 
the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  134°  15'  E. 
Lat.  50°  26'  N. 

Hardy,  co.  Va.  bordering  on  Maryland.  Pop. 
5,525.     Slaves,  746.     Chief  town,  Moorfields. 

Hare  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 
Lon.  55°  40'  W.  Lat.  51°  20'  N. 

Hare  Island,  isl.  Lower  Canada,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  16  m.  above  the  confluence  of  Sague- 
naw  river,  103  below  Quebec. 

Harewood,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river 
Wharf,  8  m.  N.  Leeds. 

Harfleur,  t  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  on  the  Le- 
zarda,  a  small  river  which  runs  int)  the  Seine 
near  this  place.  It  is  frequently  mentioned  in 
history.  5  m.  E.  Havre,  49  W.  Rouen.  Lon.  0° 
12'  14"  E.  Lat.  49°  30'  23"  N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Harford,  p-t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.     Pop.  478. 

Harford,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania, 
E.  by  the  Susquehannah,  S.  E.  by  Chesapeake  bay, 
and  W.  by  Baltimore  co.  Pop.  21,258.  Slaves, 
4,431.     Chief  town,  Bellair. 

Harford,  p-t.  Harford  co.  Md.  on  Bush  river,  at 
the  head  of  tide  water,  9  ra.  S.  E.  Bellair,  25  N. 
E.  Baltimore. 

Harg,  s-p.  Sweden,  35  m.  N.  E.  Upsal. 

Hargia,  s-p.  Ai-abia,  in  Hadramaut,  60  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Aden. 

Harjedalen.     See  Herjedalen. 

Hariharra,  in  the  maps  Hurryhur,  t.  and  for- 
tress, India,  in  Bejapore,  on  the  S.  E.  bank  of 


H  A  R 


311 


Toombuddra  river.  It  now  belongs  to  the  British. 
Lon.  75°  48' E.  Lat.  14°  24'  N. 

Harlech,  t.  Wales,  in  Merioneth  co.  on  the  W. 
coast,  in  the  bay  of  Cardigan.  Pop.  500.  230 
m.  fr.  London,  24  S.  Caernarvon.  Lon.  4°  5'  W. 
Lat.  52°  52'  N. 

Harleesville  p-v.  Marion  co.  S.  C. 

Harlem,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Augusta.     Pop.  939. 

Harlem,  or  Harlaem.     See  IN'ew  York  city. 

Harlem  creek.     See  East  river. 

Harlem,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  Big  Walnut 
creek,  E.  of  Delaware. 

Harlem  Isle,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ceylon. 
Lon.  79°  54'  E.  Lat.  9°  41'  N. 

Harleston,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  on  the  Waveney, 
17  m.  S.  Norwich. 

Harlingen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  on  the 
Zuyderzee.  Its  harbor  is  large,  and  well  fre- 
quented. The  town  is  fortified,  and  naturally 
strong,  the  adjacent  country  being  easily  laid  un- 
der water.  Pop.  7,300.  66  m.  N.  N.  E.  Amster- 
dam.    Lon.  5°  24'  E.  Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Harlow,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  24  m.  E.  London. 

Harman's  creek,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  1  m.  above  Steubenville,  (Ohio.) 

Harmony,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  25  m.  E. 
Norridgewock.     Pop.  351. 

Harmony,  t.  Chatuuque  co,  N.  Y. 

Harmony,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Harmony,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Pa.  on  Conaquenesing 
creek.  It  was  settled  by  a  religious  sect  from 
Germany,  called  Harmonists,  who  have  now  re- 
moved to  Indiana.     See  Harmony,  (Indiana.) 

Harmony,  p-v.  York  co.  S.  C. 

Harmony,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
1,200. 

Harmony,  p-t.  and  cap.  Posey  co.  Indiana,  on 
the  Wabash.  It  is  settled  by  a  religious  sect  from 
Germany,  called  Harmonists,  who  first  settled  in 
the  western  part  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have 
an  extensive  woolen  manufactory,  and  ako  culti- 
vate the  vine ;  and  are  distinguished  for  tempe- 
rance, industry,  and  skill  in  their  employments. 

Hamad,  r.  Hungary,  which  joins  the  Theysse, 
1 1  m.  S.  W.  Tokay. 

Haro,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  near  the  Ebro,  32  m. 
N.  E.  Burgos.  Lon.  2°  38'  W.  Lat.  42°  28'  N> 
Pop.  3,500. 

Haroe,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lat . 
62°52'N. 

Haromszek,  province  of  Transylvania,  adjoin- 
ing European  Turkey,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Carpathian  mountains. 

Harosheth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  N.  pan 
of  the  country  east  of  the  Jordan,  on  the  rivei 
Kishon. 

Harowly,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Jumn;t 
Lon.  78°  6'  E.  Lat.  27°  55'  N. 

Harpenden,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  4  m.  S.  Sr, 
Alban's. 

Harper^  s  ferry,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  on  tlu- 
Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Shenandoah,  21  m, 
W.  S.  W.  Fredericktown,  24  E.  N.  E.  Winches- 
ter, 65  N.  W.  Washington  city.  The  passage  oi 
the  Potomac  through  the  Blue-Ridge  at  this 
place,  is  celebrated  for  its  grandeur  and  magnifi- 
cence. There  is  here  an  extensive  establishment 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  arms.  The  number  of  men  employed  i;^ 
about  2g0,  and  the  annual  expense  has  been,  on  an 
average,  about  $100,000 


312 


H  A  R 


Harpersfieldf  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N. 
E.  Delhi,  55  S,  W.  Albany,  51  fr.  CatskiU.  Pop. 
1,691. 

Harpersfieldj  p-t  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand 
river,  10  m.  W.  Jefferson. 

Harpeth,  p-v.  Williamson  co.  Ten. 

HarponuUy,  district,  India,  between  14^  and 
16°  N.  lat. 

Harpswell,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  40  m.  E. 
Portland.     Pop.  1,190. 

Harpiree,  East,  v.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  noted 
for  mines  of  lapis  calaminaris ;  6  m.  N.  Wells. 

Harraton,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  8  m.  N.  E.  Dur- 
ham. 

Harriet  Point.,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.    Lat.  60°  24'  N. 

Harrington,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cumberland.  The 
harbor  has  been  recently  much  improved.  Nearly 
60  vessels,  averaging  100  tons,  belong  to  the  port, 
and  are  chiefly  engaged  in  exporting  lime  and  coal 
to  Scotland  and  Ireland.  Pop,  1,629.  2i  m.  S. 
Workington. 

Harrington  Point,  point  of  land,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Duke  of  York's  island.  Lon.  227° 
36'  E.  Lat  56°  10'  N. 

Harrington,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on  Nar- 
raguagus  bay,  ,25  m.  W.  Machias.     Pop.  469. 

Harrington,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.J.     Pop.  2,087. 

Harriorpore,  t  Hind,  in  Orissa,  cap.  of  Mohur- 
bunge.     Lon.  86°  52'  E.  Lat.  21°  52'  N. 

Harris,  peninsula,  Scotland,  in  the  Hebrides, 
joined  to  what  is  called  the  island  of  Lewis  by  a 
narrow  isthmus.  The  general  aspect  is  moun- 
tainous and  rocky.  Extent,  191  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
3,569.     Lon.  6°  54'  W.  Lat.  57^  57'  N. 

Harris,  Sound  of,  a  navigable  channel  between 
the  peninsula  of  Harris  and  North  Uist. 

Harris  Point,  the  N.  point  of  Port  Malmesbu- 
ry,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lat.  56° 
174  N. 

Harrisborough,  t.  Richmond  co.  Geo.  on  Savan- 
nah river,  a  little  above  Augusta. 

Harrisburg,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  fr.  Brown- 
ville,  65  N.  Rome.     Pop.  572. 

Harrisburg,  p-t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  and  capital  of 
the  State,  is  regularly  laid  out  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Susquehannah  river,  97  m.  W.  N.  W.  Philadel- 
phia, 35  N.  W.  Lancaster,  184  E.  Pittsburg.  Lat 
40°  16'  N.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  2 
houses  of  public  worship  for  Presbyterians,  and  1 
for  Lutherans,  and  about  400  dwelling-houses, 
principally  of  brick  and  stone.  The  State  has  ap- 
propriated $120,000  for  the  erection  of  a  capitol, 
the  two  wings  of  which  are  already  built.  The 
space  left  between  the  wings  is  320  feet.  The  site 
of  the  building  is  a  plat  of  10  acres,  elevated  28 
feet  above  the  plain  on  which  the  town  stands. 
Pop.  2,287. 

Harrisburg,  or  Cairo,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  S.  C. 

Harrisburg,  t.  Gallia  co,  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  7 
in.  S.  Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1 8 1 5,  335. 

Harrison,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  41  m.  N. 
W.Portland.    Pop.  439. 

Harrison,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

Harrison,  t  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  N.  E. 
New  York.    Pop.  1,119. 

Harrison,  co.  Va,  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Ohio,  Monongalia,  Randolph,  Kenhawa,  and 
Wood.  Pop.  9,558.  Slaves,  459.  Chief  town, 
Clarksburg. 

Harrison,  co.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
7,552.    Slaves,  1,105.    Chief  town,  Cynthiania. 

Harrison,  co.  Ohio,  between  Jefferson  and  Tus- 


H  A  R 

carawaa  counties.  Pop.  in  1815,  7,300.  Chiei' 
town,  Cadiz. 

Harrison,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

Harrison,  t  Dark  co.  Ohio. 

Harrison,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E.  Co- 
lumbus.    Pop.  in  1819,  335. 

Harrison,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  tlie  borders 
of  Indiana. 

Harrison,  t  Knox  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  S.  E.  Mount- 
vernon. 

Harrison,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Harrison,  t  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

Harrison,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto, 
9  m.  N.  Circleville. 

Harrison,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Harrison,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E.  Chillicothe. 

HarHson,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  410. 

Harrison,  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1815,  6,769.     Chief  town,  Corydon. 

Harrison,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Indiana.  Pop. 
1,183. 

Harrison,  t.  Franklin  co.  Indiana,  on  the  N. 
side  of  White  water  river,  8  m.  above  its  mouth, 
18  N.  E.  Brookville,  24  N.  W.  Cincinnati.  In 
this  town  are  many  interesting  mounds  of  anti- 
quity. 

Harrisonburg,  or  Rockingham,  p-t.  and  cap. 
Rockingham  co.  Va.  on  a  branch  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, 25  m.  N.  W.  Staunton,  52  S.  W.  Stratsbui^. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  2  church- 
es, 1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

Harrison  Cape,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.   Lon.  57°  W.  Lat.  54°  9'  N. 

Harrison'' s  store,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Harrison's  store,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  N.  C. 

Harrisonville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Illinois, 
on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  Herculaneum,  40  m. 
N.  W.  Kaskaskias. 

Harrisville,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Harrisville,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 

Harrisville,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  E.  Ca- 
diz. 

Harrodsburg,  p-t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on  Salt  riv- 
er, 10  m.  N.  by  W.  Danville.  It  contains  about 
80  houses  and  a  church.  Here  is  a  minerdl 
spring,  from  which  epsom  salts  are  obtained,  and 
sold  under  the  name  of  Harrodsburg  salts. 

Harrod''s  creek,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  10  m.  above  Louisville.  Near  its  mouth  is 
a  fall  of  6  or  7  feet. 

Harrow-on-the  Hill,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  fa- 
mous for  its  free  school;  10  m.  N.  W.  London. 
Pop.  1,689. 

Harrowgate^  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  famous  for  its 
mineral  springs.  It  is  now  one  of  the  principal 
watering  places  in  the  north  of  England .  Pop. 
1,583.  3  m.  N.  W.  Knaresborough,  211  N.  Lon- 
don. 

Harroicty,  district.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  between 
25°  and  26°  N.  lat  and  intersected  by  the  river 
Chumbal. 

Harsleben,  t  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Bode,  3 
m.  S.  E.  Halberstadt 

Harso,  small  isl.  inthe  Baltic,  near  the  coast  of 
Sweden.  Lon.  17°  16'  E.  Lat  58°  44'  N. 

Hartberg,  t.  Styria,  34  m.  N.  E.  Gratz.  Lon. 
16°  4'  E.  Lat  47°  15'  N. 

Hartenstein,  t.  Saxony,  6  m.  S.  E.  Zwickau. 

Hartford.    See  Hertford. 

Hartford,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Paris.  Pop.  720. 

Hartford,  p-t  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticu* 
river,  14  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop.  1,831. 


H  A  R 

Hartford,  co.  Ct.  on  both  sides  of  Connecticut 
river,  inclosed  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  and 
the  counties  of  Tolland,  Middlesex,  New-Haven 
and  Litchfield.  Pop.  44,743.  Chief  town,  Hart- 
ford. 

Hartford,  city,  Hartford  co.  Ct.  and  one  of  the 
capitals  of  the  State,  is  regularly  laid  out,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  50  miles  from  its 
mouth,  14  m.  N.  Middletown,  34  N.  N.  E.  New- 
Haven,  42  N.  VV.  New-London,  74  W.  Providence, 
94  S.  E.  Albany,  98  W.  S.  W.  Boston,  123  N.  E. 
New- York.  It  is  advantageously  situated  for  trade, 
being  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  and  having 
an  extensive,  fertile,  and  thrifty  back  country. 
The  amount  of  shipping  owned  here  is  about  9,000 
tons,  and  during  the  year  1816,  278  ships,  brigs 
and  schooners,  and  more  than  200  smaller  vessels 
ascended  the  river  to  this  place.  Pop.  3,955,  and 
including  the  township,  6,003. 

The  public  buildings  are  a  state-house,  a 
state  arsenal,  2  banks,  2  insurance  companies,  8 
printing  offices,  from  4  of  which  newspapers  are 
issued,  a  museum,  an  academy,  an  asylum  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  and  6  houses  for  public  worship. 
There  are  also  8  distilleries,  and  manufacturing 
establishments  of  various  kinds.  An  elegant 
bridge  over  the  Connecticut,  built  at  an  expense 
of  more  than  <^  100, 000,  coimects  the  town  with 
East-Hartford. 

The  American  Asylum  for  the  education  of 
the  deaf  and  dumb,  established  in  this  city  in 
1817,  is  the  first  institution  of  the  kind  in  Ameri- 
ca. It  is  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  Thomas  H. 
Gallaudet,  who  visited  the  celebrated  schools  in 
Europe  to  qualify  himself  for  the  charge.  He  has 
4  assistants.  The  number  of  pupils  in  1819,  was 
50.  The  Congress  of  the  U.  States  has  made  a 
generous  grant  to  the  Asylum  of  more  than  23,000 
acres  of  land  ;  and  the  Legislatures  of  some  of  the 
States  have  made  approj^riations  for  the  support 
of  pupils.  The  success  of  the  institution  has  hith- 
erto been  highly  gratifying,  and  the  improvement 
of  the  pupils  has  equalled  the  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations of  their  friends. 

Hartford,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  E. 
Sandyhill,  54  N.  Albany.     Pop.  2,389. 

Hartford,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Oakmulge^50  m.from  Milledgeville. 

Hartford,  p-t.  and  cap.  Ohio  co.  Ken.  Pop.  110. 

Hartford,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  W.  War- 
ren. 

Hartford,  p-t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

Harthe  or  Harta,  t.  Saxony,  22  m.  S.  E.  Leipsic, 
30  W.Dresden. 

Hartland,  fishing  town,  Eng.  in  Devonshire, 
13  m.  W.  Bideford,  217  W.  Condon. 

Hartland,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.'on  Connecticut 
river,  7  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop.  2,352. 

Hartland,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  22  m.  N.  W. 
Hartford.  Pop.  1,284. 

Hartland,  p-t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Laks  Onta- 
rio, N.  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Hartland  Pointy  cape,  Eng.  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
af  Devonshire,  at  the  entrance  into  the  Bristol 
channel ;  it  forms  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Barnstaple 
bay.  Lon.  4°  30'  W.  Lat.  51°  V  N. 

Hartlebary,  v.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  near  the 
junction  of  the  Stour  with  the  Severn,  10  m.  N. 
Worcester. 

Hartlepool,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Durham  co.  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Tees,  anciently  a  fortified  town  of 
*reat  strength.  The  harbour  is  now  choked  up, 
«id  the  old  defence-  in  rnim,     Pop-  1.047;  19 

40 


HAS 


313 


m.  E.  Durham,  254  N.  by  W.  London.    Lon.  1'^ 
11' W.  Lat.  54°  42' N. 
Hartleton,  p-t.  Union  co.  Pa. 
Hartley,  or  Hartley  Pans,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Northum- 
berland CO.     It  owes  its  prosperity  chiefly  to  the 
mineral  riches  of  the  neighbourhood,  and  to  the 
excellent  harbour  of  Seaton  Sluice,  half  a  mile  to 
the  north.     The  works  are  principally  of  coals, 
salt,  copperas,  and  glass.    Pop.  1,872.    6  m.  N. 
Shields. 
Hart''s  store,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Hartsville,  p-v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 
Hartville,  or  Hollow,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
Hartwick,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  5  m.  S.  W.  Cooperstown,  71  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  2,002. 

Hartz,  or  Harz,  a  mountain  tract  in  the  interior 
of  Germany,  lying  chiefly  in  the  south  of  Hanover, 
70  miles  long,  and  20  broad ;  valuable  for  its  mines 
and  forests.  Iron,  copper,  and  lead,  are  wrought 
here  to  a  great  extent,  also  zinc  and  sulphur,  with 
green,  blue,  and  white  vitriol.  The  inhabitant? 
of  the  Hartz  are  exempt  both  from  taxes  and  from 
military  service  ;  but  a  tenth  of  the  produce  of  the 
mines  belongs  to  governjncnt.  The  iron  mines 
are  the  most  productive  ;  and  their  annual  tenth 
yields  a  revenue  of  about  115,000Z.  sterling. 

Harvard,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  E, 
Worcester.  Pop.  1,431. 

Harmrd  College.     See  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Harvey's  Isle,  isl.  of  the  Pacific.  Lon.  158°  54' 
W.  Lat.  19°  18'  S. 

Harusa  Island,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norway,  be- 
tween Bergen  and  Drontheim,  N.  of  Broad  sound. 

Haratsh,  an  extensive  range  of  mountains  in 
North  Africa,  situated  to  the  east  of  Fezzan,  where 
it  borders  on  the  Lybian  desert. 

Harwich,  s-p.  Eng.  on  a  peninsula  on  the  Essex 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Stour  and  the  Orwell, 
It  is  the  port  from  which  the  packets  sail  regular- 
ly in  time  of  peace,  for  Holland  and  Gennany; 
the  seat  of  a  navy  yard ;  and  also  a  considerable 
bathing  place.  The  harbour  is  of  great  extent ; 
and  forms,  united  to  the  bay,  a  roadstead  for  Uie 
largest  ships  of  war.  Upwards  of  3,000  tons  of 
shipping,  and  500  seamen,  are  employed  in  the 
North  sea  fishery,  and  a  constant  traffic  is  carried 
on  up  the  rivers  to  Ipswich  and  Manningtree. 
Harwich  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  Pop. 
in  181 1,  3,732 :  71  m.  N.  E.  of  London.  Lon.  1° 
17' E.  Lat.  51°  57' N. 

Harwich,  t.  Kent  co.  Up.  Canada,  extending 
from  Lake  Erie  to  the  river  Thames. 

Harwich,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  15  m.  E. 
Barnstable.  Pop.  1,942.  It  extends  across  the  pe- 
ninsula, which  is  here  6  miles  wide. 

Harwinton,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  Naugatuck 
river,  which  separates  it  from  Litchfield ;  23  m. 
W.Hartford.  Pop.  1,718. 

Harwood,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  W.  Bury. 
Pop.  1,432. 

Harwood,  Great,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  ra.  N. 
E.  Blackburn.  Pop.  1,676. 

Harwood'' s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Geor- 
gia. Lon.  235°  46'  E.  tat.  49°  50'  N. 

Harzgerode,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Bernburg, 
near  the  Hartz  mountains ;  24  m.  S.  W.  Bernburg, 
44  W.  S.  W.  Dessau.  Lon.  11°  20'  E.  Lat.  5P 
40'  N. 

Hase,  r.  Hanover,  in  Osnaburg,  which  falls  into 
the  Ems  near  Meppen. 

Hasel,  r.  Saxony,  which  rwos  into  the  Werra  al 
Eiohausen. 


314 


HAT 


H  A  V 


Haseloch,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  14  m. 
S.  W.  Manheim,  9  N.  N.  E.  Landau. 

Haseloe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  12 
m.  N.  Zealand.  Lon.  11°  45'  E.  Lat.  56°  11'  N. 

Haselune,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Hase,  7  m.  E. 
Meppen. 

Hatenpoth,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Courland.  Lon. 
21°  40'  E.  Lat.  56°  50'  N. 

Haslach,  v.  France,  in  Lo'wer  Rhine,  18  m.  W. 
Strasburgh. 

Hash,  a  large  and  fertile  valley  of  the  Swiss 
canton  of  Bern.  Pop.  about  12,000.  The  capital  is 
Meyeringen. 

Haslem,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat. 
Lon.  11°  51'  E.  Lat.  66°  21'  N. 

Haskmere,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey.  It  is  a  borough, 
and  sends  two  members  to  parliamenL 

Haslingden,  t,  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  on  the  river 
Swinnel.  Pop.  6,127.  17  m.  N.  Manchester, 
203  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  18'  W.  Lat.  53° 
42'  N. 

Hasparan,  t.  France,  13  m.  S.  E.  Bayonne. 

Hasseiah,  t.  Syria,  52  m.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Hasseloe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  between  Laaland 
and  Falster.  Lon.  11°  54'  E.  Lat.  54°  44'  N. 

Hasselt,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  on  the  Demer, 
15  m.  N.  by  W.  Maestricht.  Lon.  5°  23'  E.  Lat. 
50°  56'  N.  Pop,  6,000. 

Hasseltf  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
Zwartewater,  10  m.  E.  Campen.  Lon.  6°  1'  E, 
Lat.  52°  38'  N. 

Hasser,  properly  jiseer,  district,  Hind,  in  Khan- 
deish,  between  21°  and  22°  N.  lat. 

Hasser,  properly  Aseerghur,  t.  and  fort.  Hind, 
formerly  the  capital  of  Khandeish.  Lon.  76°  21'  E. 
Lat.  21°  32'  N. 

Hasserode,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Nolzem- 
me,  3  m.  S.  Wcrnigerode. 

Hasslachy  t,  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig,  22  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Freyberg. 

Hassloch,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine.  5  m. 
E.  Neustadt,  9  W.  N.  W.  Spire.    Pop.  2,850. 

Hasteeii's  Ground,  group  of  rocks  in  the  Catte- 
gat, about  12  m.  N.  of  Zealand.  Lon.  11°  45'  E. 
Lat.56oil'i\. 

Hastenbeck,  v.  Hanover,  in  Calenberg,  5  m.  8. 
E.  Hameln. 

Haste  river  mills,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

Hastings,  ancient  borough,  Eng.  on  the  eastern 
extremity  of  Sussex,  famous  for  being  the  place 
near  which  William  the  Conqueror  landed  in 
England,  and  for  the  battle  of  Hastings  fought  in 
the  neighbourhoodjin  which  he  gained  the  English 
crown.  It  is  now  in  great  repute  for  sea  bathing. 
It  is  one  of  the  cinque  ports,  and  had  formerly  an 
excellent  harbour,  which  is  now  choked  up.  Pop. 
in  1811,  3,848;  36  m.  S.  E.  Tunbridge,  64  S.  E. 
London.  Lon.  0°  35'  E.  Lat.  50°  52'  N. 

Hatborough,  or  Haljield,  p-t  Montgomery  co. 
Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  Panepac  creek,  which  runs 
into  the  Delaware,  5  m.  above  Frankfort.  Pop. 
662. 

Hatchy,  navigable  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Mississippi,  19  m.  N.^of  Wolf  river. 

Haterash,  or  Karacsh,  *a  stupendous  chain  of 
mountains  in  Koordistan,  on  the  southern  shore  of 
tlie  lake  of  Van. 

Hatfield,  or  Bishop'' s  Hatfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Herts 
CO.  on  the  Lea.  It  formerly  belonged  to  the  bish- 
ops of  Ely,  who  had  a  palace  here.  Pop.  2,677.  19 
m.  N.  London. 

Hatjitld,  V.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  in  Hatfield 
Chase.    It  is  famous  for  the  battle  fought  A.  D. 


633,  by  Edwin,  the  first  christian  king  of  North - 
umbria,  against  Cadwallo,  king  of  Wales,  and 
Penda,  king  of  Mercia,  The  extensive  level  of 
Hatfield  Chase  is  said  to  contain  ,180,000  acres. 
Pop.  1,487.  10  m.  N.  Bawtry,  8  E.  Doncaster. 

Hatfield,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Connecticut  river,  5  m.  N.  Northampton. 
Pop.  805.  It  is  connected  with  Hadley  by  a 
bridge. 

Hatfield,  t  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop.  652. 

Hafliaz,  t.  Hungary,  in  Szabolcs,  11  m.  N.  De- 
breczin.  Lon.  21°  39'  17"  E.  Lat.  47°  40'  30"  N. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Hatherleigh,  i.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  28  m.  N. 
W.  Exeter. 

Hatley,  t.  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  counties, 
Lower  Canada,  on  Lake  Memphramagog.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Hatrass,  fort  and  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  taken  by  the 
British  in  February,  1817  ;  18  m.  S.  Coel.  Lon. 
78°  E.  Lat.  27°  40'  N. 

Hattem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland,  near 
the  left  bank  of  the  Yssel.  Pop.  2,400.  9  m.  S.  E. 
Campen,  13  N.  Deventer. 

Hatteras,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon. 
75°  30'  W.  Lat.  35°  15' N.  The  weather  is  often 
tempestuous,  and  many  a  good  vessel  has  been 
wrecked  on  this  cape. 

Hatiiah,  isl.  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gan- 
ges, between  lat.  22°  and  23°  N.  The  East  In- 
dia company  have  here  an  extensive  manufacto- 
ry for  salt. 

Hattingen,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Roer, 
25  m.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  7°  8' E.  Lat.  51° 
18' N. 

Hatvany,  t.  Hungary,  in  Hevesch,  on  the  Za- 
gyva,  35  m.  E.  N.  E.  Buda. 

Hatzfeld,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Edder,  22 
m.  S.  W.  Waldeck,  42  S.  W.  Cassel. 

Havannah,  the  capital  of  Cuba,  on  the  N.  coast, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Lagida,  with  the  sea  in  its 
front.  The  harbour  is  by  many  esteemed  the 
best  in  the  world,  being  capable  of  containing 
commodiously  1,000  ships,  without  either  cable  or 
anchor,  there  being  generally  six  fathoms  water 
in  the  bay.  The  entrance  is  by  a  narrow  chan- 
nel, so  very  difficult  of  access,  that  only  one  vessel 
can  enter  at  once.  The  channel  is  strongly  forti- 
fied with  platforms,  works,  and  artillery,  for  half 
a  mile,  which  is  the  length  of  the  passage.  The 
mouth  of  this  channel  is  secured  by  two  strong 
castles.  Besides  these  fortifications,  the  city  is 
surmounted  with  works,  all  of  them  furnished  with 
artillery  even  to  profusion.  A  square  citadel  is 
erected  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  is  called 
i:i  Fuerte ;  this  worft  has  also  heavy  cannon.  The 
city  contains  1 1  fine  churches,  2  hospitals,  a  dock- 
yard, lazaretto,  and  numerous  other  public  build- 
ings. During  the  stay  of  the  fleet  from  Mexico,  an 
immense  commerce  is  carried  on.  The  importance 
of  this  *ity  and  harbour  has  caused  it  to  be  re- 
peatedly attacked.  Pop.  estimated  at  60  or  70,000, 
Lon.  82°  23'  W.  Lat.  23°  9'  N. 

Havanf,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  6  m.  fr.  Ports- 
mouth. 

Haubervillers,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  E.  Paris, 

Haubourdin,  t.  France,  4  m.  S.  E.  Lille,  14  N. 
Douay. 

Havel,  navigable  r.  Germany,  which  joins  the 
Spree  near  Spandau,  and  falls  into  the  Elbe  below 
Havelberg. 

Havelberg,  t.  Brandenburg,  in  the  Mark  of  Pri- 
egnitz,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Havel,  at  it?  in- 


H  A  V 


HAW 


315 


jflujc  into  the  Elbe,  9  m.  S.  E.  Perleberg,  56  N.  W, 
Berlin.  Lon.  12°  23'  E.  Lat.  52°  2'  N.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Hauenstein,  district,  extending  along  the  Rhine, 
between  Waldsheet  and  Laufenburg,  belonging  to 
tiie  gi-and  duchy  of  Baden.  The  passes  of  Hau- 
enstein are  of  great  importance  to  the  defence  of 
Switzerland  on  the  north.  The  town  of  Hauenstein 
is  3  ra.  E.  Laufenburg. 

Haverfordwest,  t  Wales,  in  Pembrokeshire,  on 
the  W.  branch  of  the  Cleddau,  which  is  navigable 
at  spring  tides  lor  vessels  of  100  tons  burden.  It 
supplies  the  interior  with  goods,  manufactures, 
&c.  It  is  a  county  of  itself,  and  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  parliament.'  Pop.  3,093.  8  m.  N.  Milford 
Haven,  17  N.  Pembroke.  Lon.  4°  37'  VV.  Lat.  51° 
48' N. 

Haverhill,  t.  Eng,  in  Essex  and  Suffolk,  4  m.  fr. 
Clare. 

Haverhill^  p-t.  Grafton  co.N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  30  m.  above  Dartmouth  college,  31  N.  W. 
Plymouth,  60  N,  Concord.  Pop.  1,103.  The  courts 
of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and  at 
Plymouth.  The  village  is  handsomely  built,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  a 
Congregational  church. 

Haverhill,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  N.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  12  m.  W. 
S.  VV.  Newburyport,  27  N.  Salem,  31  N.  Boston. 
Pop.  2,682.  Many  of  the  houses  are  neat  and 
well  finished.  The  town  is  chiefly  built  on 
two  streets,  the  principal  of  which  runs  parallel 
with  the  river.  It  contains  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists, 2  printing  offices,  and  several  manufac- 
turing establishments.  The  river  is  navigable  to 
this  place  for  vessels  of  100  tons,  and  the  trade 
with  the  back  country  is  considerable.  Ship- 
building is  carried  on  here  to  some  extent.  An 
elegant  bridge  across  the  Merrimack,  650  feet 
long,  and  34  wide,  connects  Haverhill  with  Brad- 
ford. 

Haverstraw,  p-t.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  40  m.  N.  New-York.  Pop.  1,866. 

Havilah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  2  districts  in  Yemen, 
Arabia,  one  of  which  was  inhabited  by  the  de- 
scendents  of  Ham,  and  the  other  by  the  descend- 
ents  of  Shem.  The  Havilah,  mentioned  Gen.  2d 
c:hap.  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  a  general  name 
for  Arabia,  and  by  others  to  be  a  country  on  the 
Euxine  sea. 

Haupoul,  t.  France,  11  m.  S.  E.  Castres,  17  N. 
<i;arcassonne.     Pop.  3,050. 

Havre  de  Grace,  s-p.  France,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Seine  into  the  English  channel.  It  is  strongly 
fartified.  The  harbour  is  capable  of  containing 
(!00  or  700  vessels,  and  has  a  depth  sufficient  for 
ships  of  war  of  60  guns.  It  is  a  place  of  mucli  com- 
mercial activity.  Its  importance  arises  from  its 
being  the  only  eligible  harbour  along  the  whole 
coast  from  Cherburg  ;  from  the  extensive  iiiiand 
intercourse  opened  by  the  navigation  of  the  Seine ; 
ciud,  above  ail,  from  its  being  the  seaport  of  Paris. 
Its  fortifications  were  brought  to  their  present 
state  of  perfection  under  the  government  of  Bona- 
parte. 45  m.  W.Rouen,  112  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon. 
0°  6'  E.  Lat.  49°  29'  N.  Pop.  20,620. 

Havre  de  Grace,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Har- 
ford CO.  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Susquehanoah, 
nt  its  confluence  with  Chesapeake  bay,  6  m.  W. 
Charleston,  37  N.  E.  Baltimore,  '63  W.  S.  W. 
J^hiladelphia,   Lon  76°  12'  W.   Lat  39°  33'  N.  It 


contains  40  or  60  houses.  Amount  of  shipping  in 
1816,  1,636  tons. 

Hauruca  Isle,  one  of  the  Amboyna  isles.  Lon. 
128°  40' E.  Lat.  3°  40' S. 

Hausach.     See  Hausen. 

Hausdorf,  v.  Silesia,  in  Glatz,  6  m.  E.  by  N. 
Glatz. 

Hamen,  or  Havsach^  v.  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig, 
20  m.  N.  E.  Rothwcil,  26  S.  E.  Strasburg. 

Uausruckviertel,  a  circle  of  Upper  Austria, 
bounded  by  the  Danube,  the  circle  of  the  Traun, 
and  Bavaria,  so  called  from  the  Hausruck,  a 
mountain  and  great  forest  within  its  circuit.  The 
capital  is  Lintz. 

Haute,  or  Holt,  isl,  the  southernmost  of  the  large 
islands  in  Penobscot  bay,  Maine. 

Hauteville  la  Guichard,  v.  France,  iu  la  Manche, 
9  m.  N.  E.  Coutances. 

Hauville,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  10  m.  E.  by  N. 
Pont  Audemer. 

Haw,  r.  N.  C.  which  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
the  State,  and  joins  Deep  river  to  form  the  N.  W. 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  river.  It  may  be  easily  made 
navigable  for  50  miles. 

Hawarden,  Harraden,  or  Harding,  t.  Wales,  in 
Flintshire.  Here  is  a  large  iron  founder>-.  Pop. 
4,436.  7  m.  W.  Chester.  Lon.  3°  I'  W.  Lat.  530 
11' N. 

Haioeeza  river.    See  Kerah. 

Haweeza,  city,  situated  on  the  river  Kerah,  50 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Bassora. 

Haices,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  S.  W.  Rict- 
mond. 

Hawick,  t.  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  situated 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Tiviot  and  Slitrig.  Lon. 
2°  47'  W.  Lat.  35°  26'  N.     Fop.  in  1811,  3,036. 

Hawk''s  Bay,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Alabama, 
westward  of  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  between 
Pelican  and  Dauphine  islands. 

Hawke,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  19  m.  S.  W. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  412. 

Hatckesbury,  t.  Prescott  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
Ottawa. 

Hawkesbzcri/  Island,  isl,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.  Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Huwkesbury,  r.  New  Holland,  which  falls  into 
Broken  bay  on  the  E.  coast.  It  rises  among  the 
Blue  mountains  far  in  the  interior.  Settlements 
are  made  on  its  banks  by  the  British  colony  in 
New  South  Wales.  Vessels  of  200  tons  can  as- 
cend 120  miles.  After  heavy  rains,  the  river  will 
frequently  rise  suddenly  to  the  height  of  70  or  80 
feet  above  its  ordinary  level,  sweeping  the  adja- 
cent country  with  wide  inundation,  carrying 
away  the  flocks,  herds,  and  habitations  of  the  set- 
tlers. 

Hawkeshead,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  in  a  valle^'j 
between  the  lakes  of  Windermere  and  Coniston, 
and  in  the  midst  of  great  iron  forges  and  furnaces. 
38  m.  N.  W.  Lancaster.  Lon.  2<=  29'  W.  Lat.  54<^ 
22'  N.  Pop.  676. 

Hawkins,  co.  Tennessee,  on  Holston  river. 
Pop.  7,643.  Slaves,  930.  Chief  town,  Rogers- 
ville. 

Hawkin''s  Island,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  Sound.  Lon.  214° 
10'  E.     Lat.  60°  28'  N. 

Hatvksbill  mills,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Hawley,  p-t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14  m.  S.  W.  by 
W.  Greenfield,  120  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,031. 

Haworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  W. 
Reighlev.     Pop.  3,974, 


316 


H  E  A 


Mail}  river,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

Haws,  r.  Wales,  in  Montgomeryshit*,  •«^hich 
falls  into  the  Severn  at  Aberhaws. 

Hay,  t.  Wales,  in  Brecknockshire,  on  the  Wye. 
15  m.  N.  Brecon,  21  W.  Hereford.     Pop.  1,100. 

Hayaa/,  r.  Quito,  which  joins  the  Manay  near 
its  entrance  into  the  Amazon. 

Hay  cock,  small  isl.  Pa.  in  the  Delaware,  7  m. 
below  Eagton. 

Haycock,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  Pop.  836. 

Hayde,  t.  Bohemia,  26  m.  S.  E.  Egra,  24  W. 
Pilsen. 

Hayden,  or  Ampezso,  t.Tyrol,  14  m.  S.  Bruneggc 

Haydenheim.     See  Hcidenheim. 

Haydon  Bridge,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland  co. 
on  the  South  Tyne,  6  m.  W.  Hexham.  Pop.  1,347. 

Haye,  La,  t.  France,  30  m.  S.  Tour?. 

Haye  du  Puits,  La,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche, 
12  m.  N.  Cotitances. 

Hayes,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  3  m.  S.  E.  Ux- 
bridge. 

Hayger,  t.  duchy  of  Nassau,  on  the  Dill,  12  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Siegen. 

Hayle,  v.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  river  Hayle. 

Haymarket,  p-v.  Prince  William  co.  Va. 

Haymarket,  v.  Muskingham  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  9  m.  above  Zanesville. 

Haynes,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,791. 

Haynichen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Strignitz,  25  m. 
W.  Dresden.  Lon.  13°  3'  E.  Lat.  50'^  37'  N. 

Hayti.     See  Hispaniola. 

Haywood,  CO.  N.C.  Pop.  2,780.  Slaves,  171. 

Haywoodsborough,  p-t.  Chatham  co.  N.  C.  on 
IheN.  W.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  at  thejforks, 
40  m.  above  Fayetteville,  46  from  Raleigh.  Ef- 
forts are  making  to  extend  the  navigation  of  the 
river  to  this  place. 

Hazard,  or  Richmond  Bay,  in  Hudson's  bay. 
Lon.  75°  50'  W.  Lat.  56°  35'  N. 

Hazaree  Bang,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85^  20' 
E.  Lat.  23°  58'  N. 

Hazebrouk,  t.  France,  27  m.  W.  by  N.  Lille. 
Lon.  2°  37'  E.  Lat.  50°  43'  N.   Pop.  6,600. 

Hazeratnagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  78°  55' 
E.  Lat.  29°  8' N. 

Hazir,  t.  Koordistan,  on  the  river  Hazir,  at  its 
union  with  the  Aras,  33  m.  S.  W.  Erbil. 

Hazle  green,  p-v.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

Hazle  patch,  or  Rice's,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Ken. 

Hasletoii' s  ferry,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Indiana. 

Hazor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe  of 
Naphtali.  It  is  also  the  name  of  a  town  in  the 
tribe  of  Benjamin  ;  also  of  a  country  of  Arabia. 

Hazy  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  225°  42'  E. 
Lat.  55°  55'  N. 

Hea,  province  of  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic 
.  coast.     "The  chief  town  is  Mogodor. 

Head  of  Chester,  p-v.  Kent  co.  Md. 

Head  of  Cow  neck,  p-v.  Queen  co.  N.  Y. 

Head  of  Sassafras,  p-v.  Kent  co.  Md. 

Headingley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Aire, 
2i  m.  N.  W.  Leeds. 

Healthy  Cove,  hti.y  of  the  island  of  Jamaica,,  on 
the  S.  coast.  Lon.  77°  W.  Lat.  17°  44'  N. 

Heanor,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  9  m.  N.  E.  Der- 
by. Pop.  1,912. 

Heap,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  S.  E.  Bury. 
Pop.  5,148. 

Heath,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1  ra.  S.  E.  Wake- 
field. 

Heath,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  W. 
Gr«enfield.  Pop.  917. 


H  E  D 

Heathjield,  parish,  Eng.  in  Sussex,  8  m.  N.  Hail- 
sham.  On  the  down  here,  was  fought  the  cele- 
brated battle  of  Hastings. 

Heath  Point,  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Anticosti 
island.  Lon.  62°  W.  Lat.  49°  6'  N. 

Heaton  Kirk,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  N.  by 
E.  Huddersfield. 

Heaton  J^orris,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  separated 
from  Stockport  by  the  Mersey.  Pop.  4,532.  5 
m.  S.  E.  Manchester. 

Heavitree,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  li  m.  from 
Exeter. 

Hebrides,  or  Western  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  they  extend  about 
180  miles,  from  the  Butt  of  Lewis,  in  58°  35'  N. 
lat.  to  the  small  island  of  Sanday,  in  55°  23'. 
These  islands  were  anciently  called  Ebudae,  He- 
bridae,  and  afterwards  Hebrides.  The  principal  are 
Lewis,  Harris,  North  Uist,  Benbecula,  South 
Uist,  Sky,  Mull,  Jura,  and  Isla.  The  whole  num- 
ber of  islands  and  rocks  are  estimated  to  amount 
to  300,  of  which  86  are  inhabited,  and  are  esti- 
mated to  contain  70,000  inhabitants. 

Hebrides,  JVeu>,  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  between  lon.  166°  41' and  170°  21' E.  and 
lat.  14°  29' and  20"^  4' S.  They  were  discovered  by 
Quiros  in  1506.  The  soil  appears  in  general  to  be 
fertile.  The  islands  are  inhabited  by  different  ra- 
ces of  people,  and  in  general,  they  wantthat  sym- 
metry of  stature  possessed  by  the  natives  in  the 
other  islands  of  the  Southern  Pacific  ocean. 

Hebron,  or  Kirjath  Arba,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Pal- 
estine, situated  partly  on  a  hill,  near  the  plain  of 
Mamre,  27  m.  S.  W.  Jerusalem.  The  place  still 
retains  the  name  Hebron,  and  is  the  resoi-t  of  pil- 
grims, both  Mahometan  and  Christian. 

Hebron,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  9  m.  S.  Paris,  35 
N.  by  W,  Portland.     Pop.  1,211. 

Hebron,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  35  m.  N.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  563. 

Hebron,  p-t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  20  m.  S.  E.  Hart- 
ford. Pop.  2,002.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  for 
Congregationalists  and  1  for  Episcopalians. 

Hebron,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N. 
Salem.     Pop.  2,430. 

Hebms,  river  in  Thrace.     See  Marisza. 

Hechingen,  t.  in  the  south-west  of  Germ:iny,  the 
capital  of  the  principality  of  HohenzoUern,  situa- 
ted on  the  Starzel.  It  contains  2,600  inhabitants, 
and  has  some  woollen  manufactures  ;  it  is  the  res- 
idence of  the  prince,  and  the  seat  of  the  different 
courts  of  the  principality.  30  m..  S.  Stutgard,  60 
E.  S.  E.  Strasburg.  For  the  principality,  see  Ho- 
henzoUern. 

Heckmondwick,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  7  m.  from 
Wakefield.     Pop.  2,324. 

Hecla,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Iceland,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  island,  near  the  coast.  Its  height  ex- 
ceeds 5,000  feet.  Though  it  has  remained  tran- 
quil for  half  a  century,  the  number  and  extent  of 
its  eruptions  formerlyhave  been  greater  than  those 
of  almost  any  other  volcano. 

Hecstadt.     See  Hetlstadt. 

Hector,  p-t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  bordering  on 
Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes,  10  m.  S.  Ovid.  Pop. 
1,653. 

Hector  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  51°  57' 20' N. 

Heddinge,  or  Star  Heding,  t.  Denmark,  in  the 
island  of  Zealand,  on  the  Sound,  20  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Copenhagen.     Lon.  12°  24'  E.  Lat.  55°  19'  N. 

HedemorOi  t.  Sweden,  in  Dalecarlie,  on  the  lake 


H  E  I 


H  E  L 


317 


of  Hoira,  67  m.  W.  N.  W.  Upsal.  Loa.  15®  54' 
E.  Lat.  60°  13'  N. 

Hcdemundeny  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Werra,  14  m. 
S.  Gottingen. 

Hedesunda,  t.  Sweden,  in  Gestricia,  20  m.  S. 
Gefle,     Lon.  16°  49'  E.  Lat.  60°  25'  N. 

Hedic  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
France,  5  m.  N.  E.  Belleisle. 

Hedon,  or  Headon,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  for- 
merly a  place  of  considerable  trade,  but  now 
!  much  declined.  It  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
.  Pop.  780.  8  m.  E.  Hull.  Lon.  0°  9'  W.  Lat.  53« 
';      45'  N. 

I  HedsjaSf  one  of  the  divisions  of  modern  Arabia. 

It  extends  along  the  Red  sea,  from  Mount  Sinai  to 
the  frontier  of  Yemen.  The  principal  towns  are 
Mecca  and  Medina. 

Heepen,  v.  Prussian  Westphalia,  22  m.  S.  S.  W. 
j      Minden,  5  E.  by  N.  Bielefeld. 
I  Heerenveen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  18  m. 

S.  S.  E.  Leeuwarden. 
I  Heeringen,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Helme, 

6  m.  S.  E.  Nordhausen,  37  N.  Erfurt.    Pop.  1,600. 

Heerlen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  14  m.  N. 
W.  Maestricht.     Pop.  3,500. 

Heermund,  r.  Persia,  which  rises  near  Cabul, 
and  after  a  course  of  about  400  miles,  falls  into  the 
lake  of  Zerrah,  in  Seistan. 

Heidelberg,  ancient  city,  Germany,  in  Baden, 
on  the  Neckar,  at  the  loot  of  a  mountain  called  the 
Giesberg.  Heidelberg  has  long  been  a  celebrated 
place  of  education.  Its  university  was  founded  in 
1386.  A  liberal  grant  is  made  to  it  annually,  and 
its  reputation  is  increasing.  The  grand  duke 
of  Baden,  whose  religion  is  the  Lutheran,  is 
himself  rector.  The  number  ol  professors  is 
26,  that  of  students  between  600  and  600.  The 
library  contains  45,000  volumes.  Several  lit- 
erary journals  are  published  in  Heidelberg. 
The  churches  are,  4  Protestant,  1  Catholic,  and 
one  synagogue.  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Manheim,  14  N. 
E.  Spire.  Lon.  8°  41'  E.  Lat.  49°  24'  N.  Pop. 
9,826. 

Heidelberg,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  33  m.  E.  Harris- 
burg,  74  N.  W.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  3,532. 

Heidelberg,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,087. 

Heidelberg,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,802. 

Heidelberg,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,433. 

Heidelsheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the 
Salzbach,  17  m.  S.  Heidelberg,  14  S.  E.  Spire. 
Pop.  1,850. 

Heidenheim,  t.  Bavarian  states,  17  m.  S.  Ana- 
pach.     Pop.  1,800. 

Heidenheim,  t.  Wirtemburg,  on  the  Brenz,  21 
m.  N.  W.  Ulm,  50  E.  N.  E.  Stutgard.  Pop. 
1,900. 

Heila.     See  Hela. 

Heilbronn,  t.  Wirtemburg,  on  the  Neckar.  It 
has  a  well  endowed  academy,  a  public  library,  and 
an  orphan-house.  9  m.  N.  W.  Lauenstein,  25  N. 
Stutgard.  Lon.  9°  8'  E.  Lat.  49°  7'  N.  Pop. 
6,500. 

Heiligenbeil,  t.  East  Prussia,  on  the  Jarfl,  28  m. 
S.  W.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Heiligenhaven,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  on  the 
Baltic,  opposite  the  island  of  Femern,  40  m.  N.  by 
E.  Lubeck.    Lon.  10°  48'  E.  Lat.  54°  27'  N. 

Heiligenheim,  s-p.  Holstein,  30  m.  E.  N.  E.  Kiel. 
Lon.  10°  57'  E.  Lat.  54°  23'  N. 

Heiligenstadt,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  near  the 
Leine,  cap.  of  Eiehsfeld,  49  m.  N.  W.  Erfurt.  Pop. 
3,550. 


Heilsbti-g,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  tlie  river  AUe,  36 
m.  S.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2,300. 

Heimseim,  or  Heimsheim,  t.  Wirtemburg,  2  jn 
W.  N.  W.  Stutgard. 

Heinkensand,  v.  Netherlands,  on  the  island  of 
South  Beveland,  17  m.  E.  Flushing. 

Heinrichs,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Hasel,  9 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Meinungen. 

Heinsberg,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  in  Juliers, 
10  m.  S.  E.  Ruremond. 

Heinsen,  v.  Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  30  m.  N. 
W.  Hanover. 

Heisker,  small  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  about  2 
leagues  W.  North  Uist.  Lon.  7°  51'  W.  Lat.  57» 
46' N. 

Heitersheim,  t.  Baden,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Black  forest,  10  m.  S.  Brisac,  20  N.  N.  E.  Bale. 

Heitsbury.     See  Heytsbury. 

Hel,  r.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  which  falls  into  the 
Channel,  4  m.  S.  Falmouth. 

Hela,  t.  West  Prussia,  on  a  peninsula,  whioh 
runs  into  the  Baltic.  19  m.  N.  by  E.  Dantzij. 
Lon.  18°  6'  E.  Lat.  44°  37'  N. 

Helbon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  modern  AleppQ.  It 
was  famous  for  its  wine. 

Heldburg,  t.  Saxony,  principality  of  Saxe-Hild- 
burghhausen,  13  m.  W.  Coburg. 

Helder,  t.  North  Holland,  opposite  the  Texel, 
with  a  strong  fortress  to  defend  the  entrance  and 
road  of  Mars-Diep.  Fop.  2,400.  24  m.  N.  Alk' 
maar.     Lon.  4°  43'  E.  Lat.  53°  2'  N. 

Heldrungen,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Quefurt, 
near  the  Unstrut.  Pop.  1,050.  20  m.  N.  Wei- 
mar.    Lon.  1 1°  20'  E.  Lat.  51°  1 7'  N. 

Helen,  Bath  of,  remakable  spring  in  Thrace, 
near  Cenchreae. 

Helena,  Si.     See  St.  Helena. 

Helensburgh,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Clyde,  oppO' 
site  Greenock. 

Helgra,  r.  Sweden,  which  falls  into  the  Baltic, 
about  10  m.  S.  Christians  tadt. 

Helicon  a  celebrated  mountain  of  Greece,  in 
Boeotia,  near  the  gulf  of  Corinth.  The  modern 
name  is  Sagara. 

Heligola7id,  or  Helgoland,  isl.  in  the  North  sea, 
about  28  m.  from  the  mouths  of  the  Weser,  the 
Elbe,  and  the  Eyder.  On  the  High  Land  is  a 
light-house,  in  7°  53'  13"  E.  lon.  and  54°  11'  34' 
N.  lat.  which  is  visible  at  a  distance  of  more  than 
27  miles.  The  island  has  two  good  harbours. 
The  inhabitants  in  number,  above  2,000,  subsist 
chiefly  by  fishing  and  acting  as  pilots.  The  island 
was  taken  by  a  British  squadron  in  1807,  and  ren- 
dered a  depot  for  merchandize,  which  was  smug- 
gled afterwards  into  the  ports  of  the  continent.  It 
is  still  retained  by  the  British. 

Hellgate,  strait,  in  East  river,  N.  Y.  8  m.  from 
New- York.  It  consists  of  numerous  whirlpools 
among  the  rooks  which  here  form  the  bed  of  the 
river.  The  tides  meet  at  Frog's  point,  a  few 
miles  above,  and  at  certain  times  of  the  tide,  the 
roaring  of  the  whirlpools  is  tremendous.  Vessels 
of  any  burthen  may  be  conducted  through  this 
strait  by  a  skilful  pilot. 

HelVs  Skerries,  small  islands  of  the  Hebrides. 
Lon.6°53'W.  Lat.  57°N. 

Hellah.    See  Hillah. 

Hellespont^  now  the  Dardanelles,  the  ancient 
name  of  the  long  strait  which  divides  Asia  from 
Europe,  and  extends  from  the  iEgean  Archipelago 
to  the  sea  of  Marmora.  Its  breadth  varies  from  5 
to  2  miles. 

Heikt  Attais.    See  Allais. 


318 


HEM 


HEN 


Hellin,  t.  Spain,  19  m.  S.  Chinchilla.  Lon.  I*' 
38'  W.  Lat.  41°  17'  N.    Pop.  6,100. 

HelmCy  r.  Thuringia,  which  runs  into  the  Un3- 
trut  at  Artem.  6  m.  S.  Sondershausen. 

Helmershaicsen,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the  Diemel, 

22  m.  W.  Gottingen. 

Helmont,  or  Helmond,  t.  Brabant,  on  the  Aa,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Bois  le  Due.     Pop.  2,300, 

Helmsdale,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  Ger- 
man ocean,  3  m.  S.  of  the  Ord  of  Caithness. 

Helmsley,  or  Helmsley  Blackmoor.,  t.  Eng.  in 
Yorkshire,  22  m.  N.  York.  Lon.  1°  4' .W.  Lat. 
54°  15' N. 

Helmsiadt,  t.  of  the  states  of  Brunswick,  in  the 
principality  of  Wolfenbuttel.  Though  small,  it 
contains  several  buildings  worth  notice,  such  as  the 
church  of  St.  Stephen,  and  the  council-house.  It 
had  a  university  founded  in  1573,  but  it  was  sup- 
pressed in  1809,  and  part  of  its  library  was  sent  to 
Gottingen.  21  m.  N.  Halberstadt,  24  E.  Wolfen- 
buttel.    Lon.  10°  59'  E.  Lat.  52°  13'  N. 

Helnaes,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt,  Lon. 
10°  2-  E.  Lat,  55°  9'  N. 

Helsingborg,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Sound,  opposite 
Elsinore.  A  pier  of  stone  was  lately  construc- 
ted, which  has  greatly  improved  the  port.  The 
width  of  the  sound  is  about  three  miles.  Here  is 
the  principal  ferry  from  Sweden  to  Denmark. 
Pop.  2, 150.  30  m.  N.  W.  Lund.  Lon.  12^43'  E. 
Lat .  56°  2'  N. 

Helsingfors,  t.  Finland,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Wanna,  with  a  very  good  harbour.  The  Rus- 
sians are  now  (1819)  engaged  in  improvements, 
which  will  make  it  an  important  naval  station.  104 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Abo.  Lon.  25°  E.  Lat.  60°  10'  N. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Helsingland,  province,  Sweden,  bounded  by  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  by  Gestricia,  and  Dalecarlia. 
Extent,  4,470  square  miles.  Pop.  52,000.  The 
chief  exports  are  iron  and  wood. 

Helsingo,  and  Helsingoren,  2  small  islands  in  tlie 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  in  lon.  22°  30'  E.  lat  63°  46'  N. 

Helsingoer.     See  Ebinotr. 

Helsione,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on,,  the  Cober, 
near  its  mouth.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  and  con- 
siderable trade.  It  sends  2  members  to  parlia- 
ment. Pop.  2,297.  12  ra.  E.  Penzance.  Lon. 
5°  16'  W.  Lat.  50°  6'  N. 

Helvoetsluys,  a  fortified  t.  S.  Holland,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  island  of  Voorn.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbour,  large  enough  to  contain  the  whole  Dutch 
navy.  Here  are  extensive  magazines  and  dock- 
yards for  the  construction  and  repair  of  ships  of 
war;  also  a  naval  school,  supported  by  govern- 
ment. This  is  the  regular  station  for  packets  to 
England.  30  m.  N.  E.  Middleburg.  Lon.  4°  7' 
E.  Lat  51°  49' N. 

Helwickhead,  cape,  Ireland,  the  S.  point  of  the 
entrance  into  Dungarvan  bay.  Lon.  7°  33'  W. 
Lat.  52°  2'  N. 

Hemel  Hempstead,    t.  Eng.  in    Hertfordshire, 

23  m.  N.  W.  London.     Lon.  0°  29'  W.  Lat  51°  45' 
N.     Pop.  3,240. 

Hemlock,  lake,  in  Livonia,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  6 
miles  long  and  4  broad,  which  communicates  by 
its  outlet  with  Honeoy  creek. 

Hemmait,  t.  Bavarian  states,  14  m.  W.  Ratis- 
bon. 

Hemmingford,  t  Huntingdon  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  Province  line,  34  m.  S.  Montreal. 

Hempfiehd.,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
3,444. 


Hemjifield,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susquc* 
hannah.     Pop.  3,431. 

Hempstead,  p-t.  Queens  co.  Long-Island,  N.  Y. 
22  m.  E.  New- York.  Pop.  5,804.  It  is  on  the  S. 
shore,  and  comprises  Rockaway  beach,  which  is 
much  resorted  to  for  sea  bathing.  The  principal 
part  of  Hempstead  plain  is  in  this  town. 

Hempstead  plain,  an  extensive  plain  on  Long- 
Island  N.  Y.  in  Queens  co.  It  is  15  miles  long 
and  4  broad,  and  has  no  natural  growth  ex- 
cept wild  grass  and  a  few  shrubs.  Large  herds  of 
cattle  feed  upon  it,  and  a  part  of  it  is  now  brought 
under  cultivation. 

Hems,  city,  Syria,  on  the  borders  of  the  desert, 
on  the  site  oftJie  ancient  Emesa.  120  m.  S.  Aleppo, 
83  N.  Damascus.     Lon.  37°  20'  E.  Lat.  34°  25'  N. 

Hemsbach,  t  Baden,  11  m.  N.  E.  Manheim. 

Hen  and  Chickens,  small  islands  near  the  coast 
of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  180°  1'  W.  Lat.  35«> 
53'  S. 

Hen  and  Chickens,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern 
seas.     Lon.  1 1 8°  3'  E.  Lat.  5°  30'  S. 

Henderson,  p-t  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  On- 
tario, 8  m.  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Black  river.  Pop. 
1,138. 

Henderson,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Kentucky. 
Pop.  4,703.     Slaves,  1,514. 

Henderson^  p-t.  and  cap.  Henderson  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  75  m.  below  Louisville,  30  from  Yellow 
Banks.  Pop.  159.  It  has  considerable  trade  with 
New-Orleans,  principally  in  tobacco  and  cotton, 

Henderso7is,  p-t.  York  co.  S.  C. 

Hendersonton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  C. 

Hendersonville,  p-v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

Hendersonville,  p-v,  Newbury  co.  S.  C. 

Hendersonville,  p-v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

Hendrick's  store,  p-v.  Bedford  co.  Va. 

Heneago,  or  Heneaguas,  the  two  most  southern 
of  the  Bahama  islands.  Great  Heneago,  the  larg- 
est, is  45  miles  long,  and  19  wide. 

Henery,  or  Hundry,  isl.  about  10  m.  S.  Bombay, 
and  1,200  yards  from  the  mainland. 

Henfenfeld,  v.  Bavarian  states,  in  Nuremberg, 
3  m.  S.  Hersbruck. 

Hengestruby  Head,  headland,  Eng.  in  the  chan- 
nel, 2  m.  S.  Christchurch. 

Henin-Lietard,  t  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  6 
m.  N.  W.  Douay.     Pop.  2,400. 

Henley  in  Arden,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  14  m.  S. 
Birmingham. 

Henley  upon  Thames,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxford,  on  the 
Thames,  35  m,  W.  London.     Pop.  3,117. 

Henley  House,  station  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  in  New  South  Wales,  on  Albany  river, 
150  m.  S.  W,  Albany  fort.  Lon.  85°  5'  34"  W. 
Lat  540  14'27"N. 

Henlopen,  Cape,  Del.  the  S.  W.  point  at  the  en- 
trance of  Delaware  river,  28  m.  fr.  Cape  May. 
Lon.  75°  6'  W.  Lat.  38°  47'  N.  Here  is  a  light- 
house. 

Henneberg,  formerly  a  county  of  Saxony,  lying 
N.  of  the  principality  of  Wurzburg.  Extent,  850 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  100,000. 

Hennebon,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the  Bla- 
vet,  6  m.  N.  E.  L'Orient.  Lon.  3^  17'  W.  Lat. 
470  48'  N.     Pop.  4,600. 

Hennersdorf,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  3  m. 
W.  Lobau.     Pop.  4,300. 

Hennersdorf,  v.  Prussian  Sileeia,  in  Liegpiitz,  5 
m.  N.  bv  W.  Lauba»,  67  E-.  Dresden.  Pop. 
3.500. 


HER 

Htnnersdorf,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  6  m. 
>J.  by  W.  Zittau.     Pop.  3,000. 

Henniker,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,608. 

Henrichemojit,  or  Boisbelk,  t.  France,  in  Cher, 
14  m.  S.  W.  Sanccrre,  20  N.  E.  Bourges.  Lon. 
a°  36'  E.  Lat.  47°  18'  N.     Pop.  2,600. 

Henrico,  co.  Va,  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Hanover,  Charles  city,  and  Goochland,  and  by 
James  river.  Pop.  9,945.  Slaves,  4,456.  Chief 
tbwn,  Richmond. 

Henrietta,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee 
river. 

Henrietta,  Maria  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
James's  bay.     Lon.  82°  30'  W.  Lat.  55°  15'  N. 

Henry,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  Franklin,  Patrick, 
Grayson,  and  Montgomery  counties.  Pop.  5,611. 
Slaves,  1,755.     Chief  town,  Martinsville. 

Henry,  Cape,  Va.the  S.  point  at  the  entrance  of 
Chesapeake  bav,  12  m.  S.  Cape  Charles.  Lon. 
76*^  W.  Lat.  36°  58'  xN. 

Henry,  co.  Alabama. 

Henry,  co.  Ken.  on  the  W.  side  of  Kentucky 
river,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio.  Pop.  6,777. 
Slaves,  1,137.     Chief  town,  Newcastle. 

Henry,  co.  Ohio,  on  Maumee  river,  formed  in 
1820,  in  the  Indian  reservation. 

Henry,  Cape,  on  the  W.  sliore  of  Queen  Char- 
lotte's island.     Lon.  227°  45i'  E.   Lat.  52°  53'  N. 

Henshaw,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  N.  W.  of  War- 
ren. 

Henshaic''s  Town,  t.  Calabar,  in  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  Old  Calabar  river.     Lat.  5>^  27'  N. 

Henslow,  Cape,  New  Georgia.  Lon.  160°  38' 
E.  Lat.  10°  S. 

Heppenheim,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Berg- 
strass,  17  m.  N.  N.  W.  Heidelburg.     Pop.  3,200. 

Hepionstall,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  W.  Hal- 
Sdx.     Pop.  3,647. 

Hepworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  S.  Hud- 
dersfield. 

Heraclea,  an  ancient  seaport  and  citadel  of 
Greece,  on  the  gulf  of  Salonica,  24  m.  N.  E.  La- 
pissa,  43  S.  S.  W.  Salonica. 

Heraclea.     See  Eraklea. 

Heraclias,  small  isl.  of  the  Grecian  Archipe- 
lago, 5  m.  S.  Naxia.  Lon.  25°  29'  E.  Lat.  36° 
49' N. 

Herat,  city,  of  Khorassan,  in  Persia,  on  the 
high-road  from  Persia  and  Tartary  to  Hindostan. 
k  has  been,  from  time  immemorial,  the  route  of 
all  the  caravans,  and  the  depot  of  the  commerce 
carried  on  between  the  three  countries,  by  which 
its  inhabitants  amassed  great  wealth ;  and  it  has 
also  been  the  route  of  all  the  invading  armies, 
and  has  been  often  plundered,  sacked,  and  burnt, 
h  noAv  belongs  to  Afghanistan.  Lon.  62°  20'  E. 
Lat.  34°  50'  N. 

Herault,  department  of  France,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean. Extent,  2,830  sq.  miles.  Pop.  300,000. 
Montpelier  is  the  capital. 

Herault,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Medi- 
terranean, below  Agde,  in  lon.  3°  40'  E.  lat.  43° 
WN. 

Herbignac,  t.  France,  20  m.  N.  W.  Savenay,  14 
W.  Pont  Chateau.     Pop.  2,700. 

Herbom,  t.  duchy  of  Nassau,  on  the  Dill,  3  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Dillenburg.     Pop.  2,400. 

Herbsiein,  t.  Hesse-Ca=sel,  13  m.  W.  Fulda. 

Herck,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  23  m.  N.W. 
Maestri  cht. 

Hercole,  isl.  in  the  Tuscan  sea.  Lon- 12®  11'  E. 
Lat,  42°  26'  N. 


HER 


319 


Herculaneum,  ancient  city,  Italy,  5  m.  E.  by  S-, 
Naples.  It  was  destroyed  by  an  eruption  of  Mount 
Vesuvius,  A.  D.  79  ;  and  its  site  had  long  been  a 
matter  of  doubtful  discussion,  as  it  had  been  com- 
pletely buried  under  volcanic  substances  to  a 
depth  of  70  feet.  At  last,  a  peasant,  in  1711, 
digging  a  well  in  his  garden,  found  some  pieces  of 
fine  marble.  Excavations  were  soon  commen(;ed, 
and  a  number  of  pillars,  an  amphitheatre  in  good 
preservation,  a  basilica,  two  temples,  and  a  thea- 
tre were  discovered.  Whole  streets  have  since 
been  cleared,  and  are  found  to  be  paved  and  flag- 
ged on  the  sides.  A  number  of  bronze  statues  of 
all  sizes,  have  been  obtained ;  likewise  pillars  of 
marble  and  alabaster,  mosaics  and  paintings,  ma- 
ny of  them  in  high  preservation,  various  orna- 
ments of  dress,  kitchen  utensils,  household  furni- 
ture, surgical  instruments,  and  other  implements 
of  all  kinds.  The  whole  is  calculated  to  con- 
vey a  complete  idea  of  the  manners  of  the  age, 
and  to  correct  a  number  of  erroneous  ideas  of 
the  arts  and  habits  of  the  ancients.  The 
most  valuable  remains,  however,  are  the  manu- 
scripts. These  are  all  calcined,  and  a  number  of 
them  sunk  into  dust  when  exposed  to  the  air. 
About  1800,  however,  have  been  preserved ;  and 
there  is  reason  to  expect  that  many  more  may  still 
be  found,  and  among  them,  perhaps  some  of  the 
missing  classics.  It  appears  that  the  inhabitants  of 
this  city  had  time  to  escape  when  it  was  destroy- 
ed, as  very  few  skeletons  are  found,  while  at  Pom- 
peii the  number  of  skeletons  is  very  considerable. 

Herculaneum,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Mis- 
souri, on  the  Mississippi,  30  m.  below  St.  Louis, 
30  above  St.  Genevieve,  36  from  Mine  a  Burton 
in  the  centre  of  the  lead-mine  country.  Here 
are  store-houses  for  the  lead,  and  several  shot 
towers,  where  shot  is  made.  The  value  of  lead 
exported  from  this  place  in  1 8  months,  from  Dec. 
1816,  to  June  1818,  was  $170,000. 

Herdicke,  or  Marien  Herdicke,  t.  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 4  m.  S.  W^  Schwerte. 

Hereford,  one  of  the  western  counties  of  Eng- 
land, on  the  borders  of  Wales,  distinguished  for 
the  variety  and  excellence  of  its  agricultural  pro- 
ducts. It  is  bounded  N.  by  Shropshire,  S.  by 
Gloucester  and  Monmouth,  E.  by  Worcester,  and 
W.  by  Brecknock  and  Radnor.  "  Extent,  600,000 
acres,  or  970  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  94,073; 
12,700  families  employed  in  agriculture,  5,043  in 
trade,  and  2,438  otherwise. 

Hereford,  an  ancient  city,  Eng.  in  Hereford- 
shire, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wye.  It  has  never 
risen  to  any  eminence  either  in  trade  or  manu- 
factures. It  sends  2  members  to  parliament.  Pop, 
in  1811,  7,306.  30  m.  N.  W.  Gloucester,  32  W. 
S.  W.  Worcester,  136  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2°  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  3'  N. 

Hereford,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  Province  line,  96  m.  S.  S.  E.  Three -Rivers, 
Pop.  200. 

Hereford,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1 , 1 40. 

Herenscarpel,  v.  North  Holland,  7  m.  N.  Alk 
maar. 

Herethals,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Antwerp,  16  m. 
N.  E.  Malines.  Lon.  4°  50'  29"  E.  Lat.  51°  10' 
45"  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Herestall,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  We- 
ser,  34  m.  E.  Paderborn. 

Herford,  or  Hervorden,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Werra  and  the  Aa,  11  m 
E.  N.  E.  Ravensberg.  l^».  ?P  25'  E.  Lat.  52«' 
8'  N.     Pod.  5,100, 


32» 


HER 


HER 


Sergest's  Islands,  a  group  of  islandt^,  iu  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.  They  consist  of  Riou's,  Trevenen's, 
Sir  Henry  Martin's,  and  Robert's  isles,  and  ex- 
tend from  lat.  7°  53'  to  9°  14'  S.  and  from  Ion.  219^ 
47' to  220°  21' E. 

Hergest's  Rocks,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
219°  42' E.  Lat.  7°  38' S. 

Heri,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Ternate.     Lon.  127°  8'  E.  Lat.  0«  54'  N. 

Hericourt,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Saone,  25  m.  E. 
Vesoul. 

Heijedalen,  district,  Sweden,  now  included  in 
Gefleboi^stoen,  and  bounded  N.  by  Jemptland,  and 
W.  by  Norway.  Extent,  3,200  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Herinnes,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  17 
m.  W.  Nivelles. 

Herisau,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Appenzel,  27  m.  S. 
W.  St.  Gall.     Lon.  16°  25'  E.  Lat.  47°  23'  16"  N. 

Heriura,  t.  India,  in  Mysore,  on  the  Vedawatti. 
Lou.  76°  37'  E.  Lat.  13°  46'  N. 

Herkimer,  co.  N.  Y.  on  both  sides  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, inclosed  by  the  counties  of  St.  Lawrence, 
JHamilton,  Montgomery,  Otsego,  Oneida,  and 
Lewis.     Pop.  22,060.     Chief  town,  Herkimer. 

Herkimer,  p-t.  and  cap.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  14  m,  below  Utica, 
78  W.  Albany.  Pop.  2,743.  The  public  build- 
ings are  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  a  church.  It 
contains  2  considerable  villages :  Herkimer  vil- 
lage is  on  the  W.  bank  of  West  Canada  creek, 
which  here  enters  the  Mohawk;  the  village  of 
Little  Falls  is  on  the  Mohawk,  at  the  Little  falls, 
round  which  there  is  a  canal,  and  has  great  advan- 
tages for  water  works. 

Herkla,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Tunis,  the  Adrume- 
tum  of  the  earlier  ages,  the  Justiniana  of  the 
middle,  and  the  Heraclea  of  the  lower  empire ;  45 
m.  S.  Tunis. 

Hermannstadt,  or  Szeben,  (the  ancient  Cibinium, 
or  Hermanopolis,)  large  t.  Transylvania,  on  the 
river  Szeben,  in  a  beautiful  plain.  It  is  the  chief 
town  of  the  Saxon  settlers  in  Transylvania,  the 
place  of  deposit  for  their  archives,  and  the  seat  of 
some  establishments  for  the  education  of  Protes- 
tants. It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Transylvania, 
but  in  1790,  the  seat  of  government  was  removed 
to  Clausenburg.  30  m.  S.  E,  Weissenburg,  392  S. 
E.  Vienna.  Lon.  24°  4'  E.  Lat.  45°  47'  N.'  Pop. 
16,000. 

Hermanos,  2  small  islands  of  the  Philippines, 
tbout  30  m.  E.  Mindoro.  Lon.  121°  42'  E.  Lat. 
13°  6'  N. 

Hermitage,  a  hill  of  France,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhone,  N.  of  Valence.  The  noted  wine, 
called  "Hermitage,"  is  produced  here. 

Hermitage,  p-v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 

Her  mite's  Islands,  islands  before  Nassau  bay,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 

Herman,  in  Sac.  Geog.  called  also  Shenir  and 
Sirion,  a  mountain  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Canaan. 
Its  modem  name  is  Djebel  el  Sheh. 

Hermon,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  7  m.  W.  Ban- 
gor. 

Hermund,  or  Helmund,  r.  Afghanistan,  which 
rises  W.  of  Cabul,  and,  running  S.  W.  is  joined 
by  the  Urghundah,  and,  after  a  course  of  360 
miles,  empties  itself  into  the  sea  of  Zerra,  or  Aria 
Palas. 

Hernad,  r.  Hungary,  which  falls  into  the 
Theysse. 

Hemani,  t  Spaan,  inGuipuscoa,  3  m.  S.  St  Se- 
basttaiK 


Hernosand,  government  in  the  N.  of  Sweden, 
comprising  the  provinces  of  Angermannland, 
Jemptland,  and  Medelpad.  Extent,  18,000  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  less  than  100,000. 

Hernosand,  or  Hemosund,  t,  Sweden,  in  Anger- 
mannland, and  cap.  of  the  government  of  Herno- 
sand. It  stands  on  the  island  of  Herno,  in  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  is  united  to  the  continent  by 
abridge.  Pop.  2,500.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and 
considerable  trade.  240  m.  N.  by  W.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  17°  53'  E.  Lat.  62°  38'  N. 

Hemstadt,  t.  Silesia,  25  m.  E.  Glogau.  Lon. 
16°  4.3'  E.  Lat.  5P  33'  N. 

Heron  Pass  au,  channel,  Alabama,  between 
Gillori  island  and  the  main,  on  the  W.  side  of  Mo- 
bile bay  at  its  mouth.  Lon.  88°  W.  Lat.  30°  10' 
N.     It  has  4  feet  water. 

Herpf,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Werra,  2 
m.  N.  Meiningen. 

Herradura,  s-p.  Spain,  16  m.  W.  Motril,  20  E. 
Velez-Malaga. 

Herradura,  port,  Chili,  in  Quillota.  Lat.  32* 
44' S. 

Herrengrund,  t.  Hungary,  4  m.  N.  N.  W.  Neu- 
sohl,  situated  in  the  midst  of  copper  mines,  and 
inhabited  chiefly  by  miners. 

Herring  Bay,  bay,  Md.  on  the  western  shore  of 
the  Chesapeake,  26  m.  S.  Annapolis. 

Herrnhut,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  6  m.  S. 
Lobau.  It  was  built  by  Count  Zinzendorf  in  1722, 
for  the  use  of  the  Moravian  brethren.  It  is  well 
known  throughout  Germany,  both  from  the  reli- 
gious tenets  of  the  inhabitants,  and  the  variety  of 
the  manufactures  carried  on  here,  which  consist 
of  cotton  and  linen  stuffs,  stockings,  sealing  wax, 
hats,  coloured  paper,  ribbons,  and  utensils  of  cop- 
per, brass,  and  steel.  Before  the  erection  of  this 
small  place,  the  Moravian  brethren  were  scatter- 
ed throughout  the  continent,  and  had  never  been 
incorporated  into  a  separate  religious  community. 
It  is  now  their  capital,  and  from  it  they  frequent- 
ly take  the  name  of  Hermhutters.     Pop.  1,500. 

Herstal,  or  Heristal,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege, 
on  the  Maese,  4  m.  N.  Liege.     Pop.  4,750. 

Hertford,  one  of  the  Midland  counties  of  Eng- 
land, bounded  S.  by  Middlesex,  N.  by  Cambridge 
and  Bedford,  E.  by  Essex  and  Buckingham,  and 
W.  by  Bedford.  Extent,  530  sq.  miles.  The  soil 
is  naturally  barren ;  but  the  vicinity  of  the  me- 
tropolis has  rendered  it  a  very  considerable  agri- 
cultural county,  and  it  is  every  where  in  the 
highest  state  of  cultivation.  Great  quantities  of 
wheat,  barley,  and  oats  are  raised  annually,  and 
it  is  reckoned  the  first  corn  county  in  England. 
Pop.  in  1811,  111,654,  of  whom  12,000  families 
are  engaged  in  agriculture,  7,200  in  trade  and 
manufactures,  and  3,544  otherwise. 

Hertford,  t.  Eng.  cap.  of  Hertfordshire,  on  the 
Lea,  which  is  navigable  for  barges  from  the 
Thames.  Here  is  the  East  India  college,  founded 
in  1806,  to  co-operate  with  the  famous  college  at 
Calcutta,  in  training  young  men  for  the  compa- 
ny's service.  It  is  capable  of  accommodating  100 
students,  who,  entering  at  the  age  of  16,  are  taught 
for  two  years,  or  longer,  if  the  directors  think  fit, 
all  the  branches  of  college  education,  and  also  a 
course  of  oriental  languages  and  literature.  Pop. 
in  181 1,  3,900.  21  m.  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  4'  W. 
Lat.  51°  48' N. 

Hertford,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  bounded  E.  by  Cornwallis  ce. 
nud  W,  by  Dorchester  co. 


H  E  S 

Hertford,  co,  N.  C.  inclosed  by  Virginia,  and 
the  counties  of  Chowan,  Bertie,  and  Northamp- 
ton. Pop.  6,052.  Slaves,  2,805.  Chief  town, 
Winton. 

Hertford,  p-t.  and  cap.  Perquimans  co.  N.  C.  on 
Perquimans  river,  18  m.  N.  E.  Edenton.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

Herve,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  8  ra.  N.  W. 
Limburg,  11  S.  E.  Liege.     Pop.  3,300. 

Herreys  Bay,  large  inlet,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New  Holland.     Lon.  152°  35'  W.    Lat.  24°  40'  S. 

Herrey's  Point,  the  N.  point  of  the  island  of 
Egmont.     Lon.  164°  5'  E.  Lat.  10°  42'  S- 

Herzberg,  t.  Hanover,  in  Grubenhagen,  on  the 
Sieber,  14  m.  S.  Goslar.     Pop.  2,500. 

Herzberg,  t  Prussian  Saxony,  on  an  island  in  the 
Black  Elster,  53  m.  S.  Potsdam.  Lon.  13°  15'  E. 
Lat.  51°  42' N. 

Herzegovhicu,  country,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the 
Adriatic.  Lat.  from  43°  to  44°  20'  N.  The 
southern  and  larger  part  of  it  belongs  to  the  Turks, 
the  rest  to  the  Austrians. 

Herzogswalde,  v.  Silesia,  24  m.  W.  by  N.  Glo- 
gau. 

Hesdin,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Montreuil,  27  W.  Arras.  Lon.  2°  7'  E.  Lat.  50° 
22'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Heshbon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  20  m.  E. 
Jerusalem.  It  was  on  the  borders  of  the  tribes  of 
Gad  and  Reuben,  and  was  sometimes  assigned  to 
one,  and  sometimes  to  the  other,  and  was  also  for 
a  long  time  in  the  possession  of  the  Moabites. 

Hesse-Cassel,  an  independent  state  in  the  west 
of  Germany,  bounded  by  Hanover,  the  Prussian 
states,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  Nassau.  Extent, 
4,350  sq.  miles.  Pop.  540,000,  of  whom  the  far 
greater  number  are,  like  the  reigning  family,  Cal- 
vinists.  The  territory  is  far  from  compact;  it 
consists  of  the  following  parts :  Hesse,  Upper  and 
Lower,  containing  380,000  inhabitants ;  the  grand 
duchy  of  Fulda,  64,000;  the  territory  of  Hanau, 
74,000;  and  the  lordship  of  Schmalcalden,  22,000. 
In  general,  the  surface  is  hilly,  and  even  moun- 
tainous. There  is  a  university  at  Marburg ;  that 
at  Cassel  is  converted  into  a  lyceum.  The  sove- 
reign holds  the  eighth  place  in  the  smaller  Ger- 
manic diet,  and  has  three  votes  at  tlic  larger  as- 
sembly :  his  title  is  "  Elector  of  Hesse,  and  grand 
duke  of  Fulda;"  and  the  succession  goes  by  sen- 
iority, to  the  exclusion  of  females.  The  constitu- 
tion of  the  electorate  is  a  limited  monarchy,  with 
assemblies  of  states.  The  military  force  amounts 
to  between  8,000  and  10,000  men;  the  reve- 
nue to  about  380,000/. ;  the  public  debt  to  about 
500,000/. 

Hesse-Darmstadt,  or  iheGra7idDuchy  of  Hesse, 
an  independent  state,  in  the  west  of  Germany, 
near  the  Rhine,  and  belonging  to  the  other  great 
branch  of  the  house  of  Hesse.  Like  the  elector- 
ate, this  territoiy  is  by  no  means  compact,  being 
divided  into  two  distinct  parts.  Extent,  5,000  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  619,000,  of  whom  the  greatest 
portion  are  Lutherans.  The  territory  is  moun- 
tainous, and  yields  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  salt. — 
The  constitution  is  a  monarchy,  limited  by  states 
or  representatives.  The  crown  is  hereditary  in 
the  male  line.  Hes<e-Darmstadt  has  one  vote, 
and  the  9th  place  at  the  smaller  assembly  of  the 
Germanic  diet ;  at  the  larger  it  has  three  votes. 
The  revenue  is  estimated  at  370,000/.  of  which 
80,000/.  goes  to  pay  the  interest  of  the  national 
—ifik.     The  military  are  bet  v.-p^n  G.OOO  and  7,000 

tiL 


H  I  B 


321 


men.  At  Giessep  there  is  a  university ;  at  Menta 
a  school  of  law. 

Hesse-Homburg,  a  small  principality,  Germa- 
ny, at  the  foot  of  the  Taunus  mountains,  near 
Frankfort,  belonging,  with  the  title  of  landgrave, 
to  a  j'ounger  branch  of  the  family  of  Hesse-Darm- 
stadt. Pop.  20,000.  Revenue  17,000/.  The  re- 
ligion of  the  family  is  the  Calvinist. 

Hesseloe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  N.  of  Zealand. 
Lon.  110  40'E.  Lat.56°  11' N. 

Hessle,  t.  Eng.  5  m.  W.  Hull. 

Hetlowra,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  It  is  on  the  Rap- 
ti  river,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  and  is  the  com- 
mercial mart  between  the  British  provinces  and 
the  northern  parts  of  Nepaul.  Lon.  85°  22'  E. 
Lat.  27°  14'  N. 

Hettstadt,  or  Heckstadt,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  Wipper,  5  m.  N.  Mansfeld.     Pop.  2,750. 

Heubach,  Great,  v.  Bavarian  states,  on  the 
Maine,  22  m.  S.  E.  Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Heubach,  or  Hemvach,  t.  Wirtemberg,  25  m.  N. 
Ulm,  40  E.  Stutgard. 

Here,  Cape  la,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  France, 
40'  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cape  Barfleur. 

Heves,  t.  Upper  Hungary,  61  m.  E.  Pest.  Lon. 
20°  18' E.  Lat.  47  36' N. 

Heusden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  15 
m.  N.  E.  Breda. 

Hexamilia,  v.  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Corinth. 

Hexham,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland  co.  near 
the  Tyne.  It  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  the  anti- 
quities with  which  it  is  surrounded,  and  the  his- 
torical events  connected  with  it.  The  neigh- 
bourhood abounds  with  ruined  castles,  Roman 
relics,  altars,  inscriptions,  &c.  Pop.  in  1811, 
4,855.  20  m.  W.  Newcastle,  37  E.  Carlisle.  Lon. 
2°  5'  W.  Lat.  54°  58'  N. 

Hey,  Point,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Comptroller's 
bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  215® 
45' E.  Lat.  60°  11' N. 

Heyde,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  50  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Sleswick.     Pop.  2,400. 

Heydukes,     See  Haiduken-Stadte. 

Heyl.     See  Hayle. 

Heymersten,  t.  Prussian  grand  duchy  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Erfft,  35  m.  E.  Aix  la  Cha- 
pelle. 

Heyst-ob-den-berg,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Antwerp, 
on  the  Nethe,  11m.  N.  E.  Mechlin.     Pop.  5,300. 

Heytesbury,  Haresbury,  or  Heightsbury,  t.  Eng. 
in  Wilts,  3i"m.  fr.  Warminster.     Pop.  1,023. 

Hiaqui  Rio,  r.  New  Spain,  which  enters  the 
gulf  of  California,  in  lat.  28°  15'  N. 

Hiatstown,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  13  m.  N.  E. 
Trenton,  17  S.  by  W.  Brunswick. 

Hibb''s  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Van 
Diemen's  Land.     Lat.  42°  39'  S. 

Hickes''  Keys,  islets,  in  tlie  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  88°  54'  W.  Lat.  17°  10'  N. 

Hickes^  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  148°  53' E.  Lat.  38°  S. 

Hickman,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  Duck  river. 
Pop.  2,583.  Slaves,  245.  Chief  town,  Vernon. 
There  is  a  post-office  at  the  court-house. 

Hickman's  creek,  r.  Smith  co.  Ten.  wliich  falls 
into  Caney  fork,  6  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Hickory,  p-t.  XVashington  co.  Pa. 

Hickory  flats,  p-t.  Madison  co.  Mississippi. 

Hickory  grove,  p-v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

Hickory  hill,  p-v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C.. 

fficfes/brrf,  p-v.  Greenville  CO.  Va. 

Hiddek^J.  in  9-^r.  Cro^.     Ron  Ti^rrls. 


322 


H  I  G 


H  I  L 


Hiddcnsoe,  small  isl.  Pomerania,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Riigen.    Lon.  13°  Icy  E.    Lat.  54°  35'  N. 

Hielm,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat. 
Lon.  10°  49'  E.  Lat.  56°  8'  N. 

Hielmar,  lake,  Sweden,  40  miles  long,  which 
communicates  with  lake  Malar,  60  m.  W.  Stock- 
holm. 

Hiemes.     See  Exmes. 

Hierapolis,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  Phrygia,  on 
ihe  river  Meander,  near  the  cities  of  Colosse  and 
Laodicea. 

Hieres,  hks  of,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
Mediterranean,  near  the  coast  of  France,  about 
1 1  m.  fr.  the  town  of  Hieres. 

Hieres,  t.  France,  in  the  Var,  9  m.  E.  Toulon. 
Near  it  is  a  salt  lake,  from  which  a  large  quanti- 
ty of  Bait  is  obtained.  Hieres  was  formerly  a  sea- 
port ;  but  the  sea  has  now  retired  from  it.  It  is 
the  birth-place  of  Massillon.  Pop.  7,000.  Lon. 
6°  7  E.  Lat.  43°  7'  N. 

Uiggm^s  Point,  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon. 
228°  25'  E.  Lat.  65°  27'  N. 

Higginsport,  v.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
4  m.  below  Ripley. 

Highoin  Ferrers,  t.  Eng.  Northampton  co.  It 
sends  one  member  to  parliament.  Pop.  823.  (55 
m.  N.  London,  15  N.  Bedford.  Lon.  0°  35'  W. 
Lat.  52°  17'  N, 

Highgale,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  5^  m.  N.  W. 
London, 

,  Highgate,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Missisque 
bay,  in  lake  Champlain,  33  m.  N.  Burlington. 
Pop.  1,374. 

Highland,  co,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1815,  7,300.     Chief  town,  Hillsborough. 

Highland,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Zanesville. 

Highlands,  a  natural  division  of  Scotland,  com- 
prehending the  mountainous  part  of  tlie  country 
to  the  north  and  north-west,  in  contra-distinctiou 
to  the  Lowlands,  which  compreliend  the  south 
and  south-east  disti-iets.  The  whole  of  this  dis- 
trict is  wild,  rugged,  and  mountainous.  The 
mountains  lie  parallel  to  the  vallies,  rising  like 
immense  walls  on  both  sides,  while  the  inhali- 
ited  country  sinks  between  them,  with  a  lake  or 
rapid  river  flowing  in  the  centre.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  hardy,  active,  and  adventurous.  The 
language  is  still  the  Gaelic.  Their  food  is  simple, 
being  chiefly  oat-meal,  milk,  &c.  Of  late  years, 
industry  and  imiirovcment  have  made  a  i-apid 
progress.  The  inhabitants  are  now  beginning  to 
devote  their  labour  and  capital  to  their  mines, 
their  woods,  their  extensive  pastures,  and  their 
fisheries. 

Highlands,  a  mountainous  tract  in  N.Y.  through 
which  the  Hudson  flows.  The  passage  through 
the  highlands  is  about  18  miles,  and  is  exceedingly 
grand.  The  loftiest  summits  are  Thunderhill, 
St.  Anthony's  nose,  Sugar  loaf,  Butter  hill,  and 
Breakneck  hill.  On  the  W.  shore  stands  the  for- 
tress of  West  Point. 

High  rod;  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C, 

High  shoals,  p-v.  Clark  co.  Geo. 

High  tower.     See  Etoirah. 

Highworlh,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  17  m.  N. 
Marlborough. 

Higiiera,  Crt;?e,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Bis- 
cay.    Lon.'  1^-  55'  W.  Lat.  43°  22'  N, 

Higucradt  Calalrava,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  12  m. 
N,  Xeres  de  los  Caballeros, 

Higuey,\.  St.  Doipingo,  80m..  E.  St.  Domingo. 
Pop.  3,500. 


iTyar,  or  Ixar,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  29  m.  S.  E, 
Saiagossa.     Pop.  2,500. 

Hijellee,  or  Injellee,  t.  Bengal,  on  an  island 
near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hoogly.  Lon,  88°  10'  E. 
Lat,  21050' N. 

Hiklar,  t.  Asia  Minor,  12  m.N.  Caesarea. 

Hildburghavsen,  Saxe,  ducliy  in  the  interior  d 
Germany,  inclosed  by  Saxe-Meinungen  and  Saxe- 
Coburg.  Extent,  237  »q.  miles.  Pop.  29,706, 
The  duke  holds  the  fourth  rank  among  the  prince« 
of  the  house  of  Saxe,  has  a  share  ot  a  vote  in  the 
Germanic  diet,  and  a  full  vote  in  the  general  as- 
sembly.    Revenue  20,000Z. 

Hildberghausen,  t.  Germany,  and  cap.  of  the 
duchy  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  Werra,  17  m. 
S.  E.  Meinungen,  20  N.  W.  Coburg.     Pop.  2,500. 

Hildesheim,  province,  in  the  south  of  Hanover, 
adjacent  to  the  province  of  Gottingen.  Extent, 
682  sq.  miles.  Pop.  128,950.  The  prevailing 
religion  is  the  Lutheran.  Revenue,  90,000/.  It  was 
once  an  independent  bishopric ;  but,  after  various 
changes,  it  was  added,  by  the  Congress  of  Vien- 
na in  1815,  to  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  It  is 
governed  as  an  independent  province,  and  has  its 
own  states. 

Hildesheim,  city,  Hanover,  and  cap.  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Hildesheim.  It  was  formerly  fortified : 
but  its  walls  have  been  demolished.  20  m.  S.  E. 
Hanover,  20  W,  by  S,  Wolfenbuttel.  Lon.  9<^ 
55' E.  Lat.  52°  9' N.     Pop.  11,108. 

Hilela.     SeeHelel. 

Hillah,  or  Hellah,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Irak  Arabi, 
or  Pachulic  of  Bagdad,  about  60  ra.  S.  of 
Bagdad,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  and 
on  the  borders  of  the  great  Syrian  desert.  Pop. 
12,000.  This  city  and  its  vicinity  are  believed  to 
be  the  site  of  ancient  Babylon.  'The  observations 
of  modern  travellers,  combined  by  the  learned  in- 
quiries of  major  Rennell,  appear  to  have  left  no 
doubt  remaining  upon  the  subject — The  struc- 
tures of  Babylon  do  not  appear  to  have  been  much 
inferior  in  magnitude  to  those  of  Egypt ;  but  be- 
ing built  of  brick,  cemented  with  straw  and  bitu- 
men, they  have  not  only  mouldered  from  the  lapse 
of  time,  but  being  easily  loosened  by  art,  have 
been  carried  away  for  the  purpose  iA  building 
elsewhere.  Babylon  has  thus  become  a  great 
quarry  for  the  construction  of  all  the  modern 
cities  in  its  neighbourhood.  The  most  remarka- 
ble of  the  ruins  is  about  4  miles  S.  of  HiUaii,  and 
half  a  mile  from  the  bank  of  the  iaiphrates.  It 
is  a  pyramid  nearly  half  a  mile  in  circumference, 
and  about  150  feet  high,  built  entirely  of  brick 
dried  in  tlie  sun,  cemented  in  some  places  with 
bitumen  and  regular  layers  of  reeJ ;,  and  in  oth- 
ers with  slime  and  reeds.  About  a  mile  to  the  S. 
of  this  pyramid  is  a  very  remarkable  structure, 
which  forms  nearly  a  square  ol  700  yards  in  length 
and  breadth,  and  contains  several  walls  in  a  pret- 
ty entire  state,  built  of  the  finest  bricks,  cement- 
ed with  lime.  About  500  yards  N.  of  this  ruin,  is 
a  mound  1 100  yards  long,  800  broad,  and  50  or 
60  feet  high;  and  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, about  6  miles  S.  W.  of  Hillah,  is  an  ob- 
long mound,  762  yards  in  circumference,  and  198 
feet  high.  Tliese  four  masses  of  walls,  mixed 
with  earth  and  rubbish,  are  the  only  traces  which 
remain  of  the  mighty  Babvlon.  Hillah  is  in  lon, 
44°  13'  15"  E.  Lat.  33°  34'' N. 

HilUgnsbcrg,  v.  South  Holland,  3  m.  N.  Rot- 
terdam.    Pop!  3,000. 

Hillercd,  t.  Denmark,  in  tlie  island  of  Zealand, 
15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Copenhagen.    Pop.  1,200. 


H  I  M 


H  I  N 


323 


HiUhrim,  p-t.  Overton  co.  Ten. 

Hillkr  Point,  on  tlie  S.  coast  of  New  Holland. 
Lon.  117°  9'E.  Lat,  35°  4' S. 

Hillock  Point,  New  Holland,  the  N.  W.  point 
af  Halifax  bay.     Lon.  213°  45'  W.  Lat  18°  28'  S. 

Hillsborough,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  New  Bruns- 
wick. 

Hillsborough,  co,  N.  H,  bounded  N.  by  Grafton 
t-;o.  E.  by  Rockingham  co.  S.  by  Massachusetts, 
and  VV.  by  Connecticut  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Vermont.     Pop.  49,249. 

Hillsborough,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  20 
oi.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  1,592. 

Hillsborough,  t  Somerset  co.  N.  .1.  15  m.  W. 
Brunswick,  18  N.  Trenton.     Pop.  2,456. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Tuckahoe  creek,  7  m.  S.  E.  by  S.  Denton, 
26  S.  S.  W.  Chester. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  17  m.  from 
Richmond.  • 

Hillsborough,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

Hillsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  on 
Eno  river,  17  m.  above  its  confluence  with  Little 
and  Flat  rivers,  41  m.  N.  W.  Raleigh,  180  W.  N. 
W.  Newbern.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly,  healthy, 
and  fertile  country,  and  contains  about  80  houses, 
a  court-house  and  jail,  and  an  academy. 

Hillsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Highland  co.  Ohio, 
35  m.  N;  W.  Chillicothe.  It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  and  about  60  dwelling-houses. 
Here  is  a  Lancasterian  school. 

Hillsborough  Bay^  bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Dom- 
inica.    Lon.'eio  22'  VV,  Lat.  15°  42'  N. 

HUhborough  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.'  John.  Lon.  62°  40'  W.  Lat.  46° 
10' N. 

Hillsborough  Cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  148°  44'  E.  Lat.  20°  56'  S. 

Hillsborougk,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  (loast  of 
Labrador,     ton.  61°  20'  W.  Lat.  57°  20'  N. 

Hillsborough,  r.  E.  Florida,  which  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  Florida.     Lon.  8 1°  30'  \V.  Lat.  28°  SG'  N. 

Hillsborough,  r.  E.  Florida,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  82°  30'  VV.  Lat.  28°  10'  N. 

Hillsborough,  t.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  20  m.  S. 
W.  Belfast.     Lon.  6°  VV.  Lat.  54°  26'  N. 

Hillsdale,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  E. 
Hudson,  35  S.  E.  Albany.  Pop.  4,182.  It  is  a 
large  township,  and  contains  6  houses  of  public 
worship. 

Hilltop,  p-v.  Charles  co.  Md.  44  m.  fr.  Wash- 
ington. 

HUUoim,  t.  B  ucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1 ,335. 

Hillstein,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  near  the  Oder,  15 
m-  E.  Troppau. 

Hilpolstein,  t.  Bavarian  states,  27  m.  N.  Neu- 
burg,  19  S.  Nuremburg. 

Hilton  head,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  near  the 
mouth  of  Savannah  river.  Lon.  80°  20'  W.  Lat. 
32°  10'  N. 

Hilton'' s  point,  on  Piscataqua  river,  the  S.  E. 
point  of  the  town  of  Dover,  7  m.  fr.  the  sea. 

Hilversum,v.  Holland,  6  m.  S.  Naarden.  Pop. 
3,400. 

Himaleh  Mountains,  a  stupendous  range  of 
mountains,  in  Asia,  the  Imaus  of  the  ancients. 
They  commence  near  the  borders  of  China,  and 
running  N.  W.  separate  Hindostan  from  Tartary 
and  Tibet,  and  passing  hito  Persia,  terminate  near 
the  borders  of  the  Caspian  sea.  The  Brahma- 
pootra, the  Sutlej,  and  the  western  branch  of  the 
Indus,  rise  on  the  N.  side  of  this  chain.  The  re- 
maining branches  of  the  Indus,  the  Jumna,  and 


the  Ganges,  rise  on  the  S.  side.  Beyond  the  In- 
dus to  the  westward,  the  chain  takes  the  name  ol 
Hindoo  Koosh,  or  Indian  Caucasus.  The  part 
east  of  the  Indus  is  the  proper  Himaleh,  and  is 
1400  miles  long,  extending  from  lon.  74°  to  94°  E. 
Dawalageri,  the  highest  summit  in  the  range,  ia 
estimated  at  27,677  feet,  and  is  the  highest  on  the 
globe. 

Himera.     See  Fiume  Grande. 

Himmelskron,  v.  Bavarian  states,  8  m.  E.  Culm* 
bach. 

Hincha,  v.  St.  Domingo,  at  the  mouth  of  Guay- 
amuco,  64  m.  N.  W.  St.  Domingo,  in  N.  lat.  19°  3'. 

Hinchinbroke,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  o;f 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  Prince  William's 
sound.     Lon.  213°  56'  E.  Lat.  60°  16i'  N. 

Hinchinbrook,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  Province  line,  40  m.  S.  W.  Montreal. 

Hinchinbrook,  t.  Frontenac  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Hinchinbrook  Island,  isl.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound,  about  50 
miles  in  circumference.  In  Port  Etches,  on  its  S. 
VV.  coast,  the  Russians  have  a  settlement.  Lon. 
213°  50'  to  214°  24'  E.  Lat.  60°  24'  N. 

Hinckley,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicestershire,  13  m.  S.  W. 
Leicester.  I^on.  1°  22^  W.  Lat.  52°  32'  N.  Pop. 
6,058. 

Hindelbank,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Bern,  9  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Bern. 

Hindelopen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Fricsland,  oa 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  25  m.  S.  W.  Leeuwarden.  Lon. 
3°  25'  E.  Lat.  62°  58'  N. 

Hinder  well,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Whitby. 

Hindia,  district,  Hind,  in  Khandeish,  between 
22°  and  23^  N.  lat.  Hindia,  the  capital,  is  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Nerbuddah.  Lon.  77°  10  E. 
Lat.  22°  31'  N. 

Hir^ley,  t.  Eng.  ^  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  S.  E.  Wi- 
gan.     Pop.  2,962. 

Hindmund.     See  Heermund. 

Hindoe,  large  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway. 
Lat.  68°  36'  N. 

Hindon,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  15  m.  W.  Salis- 
bury.    Lon.  2°  7'  VV^  Lat.  51°  6'  N. 

Hindone,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  77°  E.  Lat. 
26"^  45'  N. 

Hindoo  Koh,  or  Hindoo  Koosh.     See  Himaleh. 

Hindostan,  country,  Asia,  comprehending,  in 
its  greatest  extent,  the  countries  between  65°  and 
95°  E.  lon.  Kandahar  and  Assam  having  for- 
merly been  reckoned  in  it.  It  is  separate<l  on  the 
N.  from  Tibet  and  Tartary,  by  the  Himaleh 
mountains.  In  1707,  Hindostan  was  divided  into 
the  following  provinces,  all  of  which  still  retain 
the  names  they  then  bore.  We  have  annexed 
tlie  slates  to  which  they  now  respectively  belong : 
Cabul,  including  Kandahar  and  Cashmere — The 

Afghans. 
Lahore,  or  Punjab — Seiks. 
Moultan— The'  Afghans,  and  several  Hindoo  or 

Seik  chiefs. 
Sinde — Several  Mahometan  chiefs. 
Delhi — "The  British,  and  a  number  of  Hindoo  and 

Seik  cheifs. 
Serinagur — The  rajah,  for  whom  it  has  been  late- 
ly recovered  from  the  Nepaulese. 
Nepaul— The  rajah  of,  called  the  Ghoorkhali. 
Bootan— The  Lama  of  Tibet. 
Assam — The  rajah  of  Assam. 
Ajmeer — the  rajahs  of  Odeypore,  Jypore,  Joud- 

pore,  and  several  other  Hindoo  chiefs,  gome  of 

■whom  are  Mahratta?. 


324 


H  I  O 


H  I  S 


Agra— the  British,  Mahrattas,  Jauts,  and  several 

other  Hindoo  chiefs. 
Oude— The  British,  and  Nabob  of  Oude. 
Allahabad— The  British,  Mahrattas,  and  several 

Hindoo  chiefs. 
Bahar — British. 
Bengal — British. 
Giijerat,  including  Cutch — British,   Mahrattas, 

and  a  number  of  independent  petty  chiefs. 
Malwah — The  Mahrattas,  and  several  other  Hin- 
doo chiefs. 
Berar — The  Mahrattas  and  Nizam. 
Orissa — British  and  Mahrattas. 
Khandesh— Mahrattas. 

Dowlatabad  or  Aurungabad — Maiirattas  and  Ni- 
zam. 
Golconda — Nizam. 
C  ir  cars — B  ritish. 
Bejapore,  orVisiapore — Mahrattas  and  Nizam. 

The  country  south  of  the  Kistna,  in  1707,  was 
possessed  by  several  independent  chiefs.    It  is 
now  divided  into  the  following  districts : 
Concan — belonging  to  the  Mahrattas. 
Mysore — Rajah  of  Mysore. 
Cochin — Rajah  of  Cochin. 
Travancore — Rajah  of  Travancore. 

The  remainder  of  the  country  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  British,  viz.  Canara,  including 
Bednore,  Malabar,  Cuddapah,  Adoni,  Carnatic, 
Coimbetoor,  Dindigul,  Madura,  and  Tinnevelly. 

The  population,  exclusive  of  the  country  west 
of  the  Indus,  has  been  calculated  to  exceed 
100,000,000.  The  bulk  of  these  are  idolaters, 
but  are  divided  into  three  great  sects  or  religions, 
viz.  1st,  The  worshippers  of  the  Triad,  Brahma, 
Vishnu,  Siva.  2dly,  The  followers  of  Boodh. 
3dly,  The  Jains.  The  next  class  in  point  of 
numbers,  are  Mahometans,  who  may  amount  to 
one  eighth  of  the  number  of  Hindoos.  They  are 
divided  into  the  two  great  sects  of  Soonies  and 
Shiahs.  The  third  class  are  the  Seiks,  who  pos- 
sess the  province  of  Lahore.  Their  religion  is 
described  as  pure  deism.  The  fourth  class  are 
Christians :  these  are  most  numerous  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  The  fifth  class  are  Jews  :  they  prin- 
cipally inhabit  the  western  coast,  and  are  divided 
into  white  and  black  Jews.  The  sixth  are  Par- 
sees,  or  followers  of  Zoroaster :  they  are  princi- 
pally to  be  found  in  Gujerat  and  Bombay. 

Hinesburg,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  12  m.  S.  E. 
Burlington.     Pop.  1,238. 

Hindsdale,  formerly  Fort  Dummer,  p-t.  Cheshire 
CO.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut  river,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ashuelot,  55  m.  S.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  740. 

Hingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  14  m.  W.  Nor- 
wich.    Lon.  1°  2'  W.  Eat.  52°  35'  N. 

Hingham,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  Mass.  on  a  small  bay, 
which  sets  up  S.  from  Boston  bay,  14  m.  S.  E. 
Boston.  Pop.  2,382.  It  contains  3  churches,  and 
a  well- endowed  academy. 

Hinlopen  Strails,  channel  of  the  North  sea,  be- 
tween North-east  Land  and  Spitzbergen. 

Hinojosa,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  18  m.  N.  Lle- 
rena.  Pop.  4,000. 

Hinsdale,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  15  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Lenox.     Pop.  822. 

Hinzuan.     See  Joanna. 

Hiorring,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  27  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Aalborg.  Lon.  10°  C  28"  E.  Lat.  57° 
27'  44"  N. 

Hiortoe,  small  i?l.  Denmark.  Lon»  10°  30'  E. 
Lat,  54°  53'  N. 


Hipperlwlme,  t.  Eng,  in  Yorkslure,  2i  m.  li 
Halifax.  Pop.  3,357. 

Hiram,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river, 
34  m.  S.  W.  Paris.  Pop.  336. 

Hiram,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuyahoga  riv- 
er, 12  m.  N.  E.  Ravenna. 

Hirlaw,  or  Harlev,  t.  Moldavia,  on  the  river 
Bachlui,  35  m.  N.  W.  Jassy.  Lon.  27°  &  E.  Lat. 
47°  24'  N.  1 

Hirschau,  t.  Bavarian  states,  in  Franconia,  6  m. 
N.  E.  Amberg. 

Hirschberg,  t.  Silesia,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Bober  and  the  Zacke.  It  is  the  most  commercial 
place  in  the  country  next  to  Breslau  ;  the  chief 
source  of  support  to  the  inhabitants  is  the  trade  in 
linen  and  lawn  ;  23  m.  W.  S.  VV.  Jauer,  35  W. 
Schweidnitz.   Pop.  6,000. 

Hirschberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  Reuss,  on  the  Saale, 
14  m.  S.  W.  Plauen. 

Hirscfifeld,  district,  Hesse-Cassel.  Extent,  168 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  22,000. 

Hirschfeld,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  cap.  of  the  above 
district,  on  the  Fulda,  which  is  here  navigable  ; 
25  m.  N.  Fulda.  Pop.  5,500. 

Hirschholm,  v.  Denmark.  14  m.  N.  Copenha- 
gen. 

Hirschhom,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Neck- 
ar,  7  m.  E.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2,100. 

Hirson,  t  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Oise,  27  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Laon.  Pop.  2,150. 

Hirsowa,  or  Kerschova,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the 
Danube,  45  m.  N.  E.  Silistria,  64  S.  W.  Ismail. 

Hirzholmen,  or  Hersholm,  three  small  islands 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat.  Lon.  10°  24'  E.  Lat. 
57°  31'  N. 

Hisengen,  isl.  Sweden,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Go- 
tha-Elf.  Lon.  11°  4'  8"  E.  Lat.  57°  45'  N. 

Hispaniola,  Hayti,  or  St.  Domingo,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  fertile  of  the  West  India  islands, 
390  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  from  60  to  150 
broad.  Lat  17°  37'  to  20°  N.  This  island  was 
formerly  divided  between  the  French  and  Span- 
iards, the  French  occupying  the  western,  and  the 
Spauiai-ds  the  eastern  part ;  but  the  Frerfch  have 
been  expelled  by  the  negroes,  and  the  part  which 
they  occupied  is  called  Hayti.  The  island  in 
general  is  well  watered  and  fertile,  producing  al- 
most every  variety  of  vegetable  produce.  The 
French  part  of  the  island  is  for  the  most  part 
mountainous,  and  abounds  with  forests.  It  com- 
prehends 2,500,000  acres,  of  which  1,500,000 
were  in  high  cultivation,  before  the  revolution  in 
1789.  The  Spanish  part  of  the  island  contains 
about  3,200  sq.  leagues.  It  consists  chiefly  of  plains, 
of  unrivalled  fertility,  and  watered  by  numerous 
navigable  rivei-s,  but,  owing  to  the  indolence  of  the 
Spaniards,  it  is  occupied  chiefly  by  herds  of  do- 
mestic animals,  such  as  swine,  horses,  and  horned 
cattle,  which  have  been  allowed  to  run  wild,  and 
have  multiplied  beyond  all  computation. 

The  population  of  the  French  part  of  the  island 
in  1789,  according  to  the  estimate  of  Edwards, 
was  30,831  whites,  24,000  free  people  of  color, 
and  480,000  negro  slaves.  The  Spanish  part  con- 
tained in  1785,  according  to  census,  152,640 ;  in 
1798,  according  to  Alcedo,  125,000,  of  whom 
110,000  were  free,  and  15,000  slaves.  In  1789, 
the  French  employed  in  the  trade  of  St.  Domingo, 
710  vessels,  navigated  by  18,466  seamen.  The 
value  of  the  exports  in  1791,  was  5,371,593/.  the 
principal  articles  were  coff"ee  to  the  amount  of 
84,617,328  pounds ;  sugar,  217,463  casks  ;  indigo, 
3,257,610  pounds;  cocoa,  1,536,017  pounds ;  cot- 


HOC 


H  O  H 


62a 


ton,  11,317,226  pounds.  Since  the  revolution, 
the  commerce  has  greatly  declined.  From  1804 
to  1808,  according  to  Walton,  only  about  75  ves- 
sels arrived  annually,  with  cargoes  amounting  to 
about  150,000/.  sterling. 

The  revolution  commenced  in  1791,  when  the 
blacks  rose  by  common  consent  against  their  mas- 
ters, and  rendered  the  whole  French  part  of  the 
island  a  scene  of  massacre  and  devastation.  The 
independence  of  Hayti  was  proclaimed  on  the  1st 
of  July,  1801.  After  the  expulsion  of  the  French, 
a  regular  government  was  formed  by  the  blacks, 
who  soon  divided  into  parties,  under  two  rival 
chiefs,  president  Petion  and  king  Christophe,  the 
former  occupying  the  southei'n  part  of  the  island, 
and  the  latter  the  northern  part.  These  chiefs 
arc  now  both  dead,  and  the  island  has  become  the 
theatre  of  new  revolutions.  Various  propositions 
have  been  made  by  France,  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  the  inhabitants  to  their  former  subjec- 
tion, but  they  have  all  been  rejected  with  dis- 
dain. 

Hissar  Ferozeh,  district  of  Hindostan,  in  Delhi, 
between  28°  and  30°  N.  lat.'on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Jumna.  Hissar  Ferozeh,  the  capital,  is  in  Ion. 
75°  53'  E.  lat.  28°  41'  N. 

Hitchin,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford,  16  m.  S.  E.  Bed- 
ford, 34  x\.  London.  Pop.  3,608. 

Hithe.     See  Hythe. 

Hitteroe,  island  on  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lat. 
C3°  32'  N.  Pop.  3,700. 

Hiwcissee,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in  Georgia, 
and  joins  Tennessee  river  70  m.  above  the  Suck, 
or  passage  through  the  Raccoon  mountain.  The 
Amoy,  one  of  its  head  waters,  interlocks  with  a 
Branch  of  Mobile  river.     See  Connesaugah. 

Hizacker,  t.  Hanover,  in  Luneburg,  on  the 
Jetze,  near  its  influx  into  the  Elbe,  3  m.  N.  Dane- 
burg. 

Hoangho,  or  Yelloiv  River,  a  great  river  of  Chi- 
na, M'hich  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Tibet,  and  af- 
ter a  course  of  1,800  miles  through  Tai-tary  and 
China,  runs  into  the  Eastern  sea.  Ion.  119°  44'  E. 
lat.  34°  5'  N.  It  is  broad  and  rapid,  but  so  shal- 
low that  it  is  hardly  navigable. 

Hobart  Point,  the  N.  VV.  point  at  the  entrance 
into  port  Houghton  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  570  17'  N. 

Hobbies  Keys,  islets  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  Musquitto  shore.  Lon.  82°  50'  W.  Lat.  12° 
18'  N. 

Hobb^shole.     See  Tappahannock. 

Hoboken,  p-t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson, 
7  m.  above  New-York. 

Hobroe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Wiborg.  Lon.  9°  49'  E.   Lat.  56°  38'  N. 

Hockeneck,  or  Voinik,  t.  Styria,  6  m,  S.  W.  Pet- 
tau. 

Hochenmauern,  t.  Styria,  on  the  Drave,  25  m. 
""V.  Marburg. 

Hochfelden,  t.  France,  12  m.  N.  W.  Strasburg. 

Hochheim,  t.  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  celebrated 
br  its  wine,  familiarly  tei-med  Hock,  20  m.  W. 
J'rankfort,  4  N.  E.  Mentz. 

Hochkirch,  v.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  6  m. 
£'.  E.  Budissin. 

Hochland,  or  Hogland,  small  isl.  of  the  Baltic, 
Lon.  27°  E.  Lat.  60<^  3'  N. 

Hochou,  a  walled  city  of  China,  in  the  province 
cf  Kiang-nan,  about  three  miles  from  the  bank  of 
the  Yang-tse-kiang ;  32  m.  S.  W.  Nanking.  Lon. 
n8°  14' E.  Lat.  290  57' N. 


Hochst,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  on  the  Maine? 
6  m.  W.  Frankfort. 

Hochstadt,  t.  Bavarian  states,  13  m.  S.  of  Bam- 
berg. Pop.  1,300. 

Hochstadt,  t.  Bavarian  states,  at  the  influx  of 
the  Egwied  into  the  Danube.  It  has  been  the 
scene  of  repeated  conflicts ;  19  m.  N.  W.Augsburg, 
29  W.  Neubera:.  Lon.  10°  33'  E.  Lat.  48°  36'  N. 
Pop.  2,300. 

Hochsteit.    See  Hochstadt. 

Hockhocking,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Ohio 
at  Troy,  25  m.  below  Marietta.  Near  its  source 
is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  about  40  feet,  and  25 
miles  below,  another,  of  7  feet.  With  these  inter- 
ruptions, the  river  is  navigable  70  miles.  At  the 
upper  falls  are  several  mills. 

Hocking,  co.  Ohio,  formed  in  1818.  Chief  town, 
Logan. 

Hocking,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  Lan- 
caster, the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county.  Pop. 
1,078. 

Hockliffe,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire. 

Hoddesdon,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford,  17  m.  N.  Lon- 
don. Pop.  1,249. 

Hoedic,  small  isl.  France,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
the  Villaine.  Lon.  2°  46' E.  Lat.  47°  41' N. 

Hof,  Hoff,  or  Stadt  sum  Hof,  t.  Bavarian  states, 
on  the  Saale,  22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bayreuth,  46  N.  E. 
Bamberg.  Lon.  1 1°  50'  E.  Lat.  50^  18'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Hof,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  W.  Troppau. 

Hoff,  t.  East  Prussia,  4  m.  S.  Landsberg. 

Ho/geismar,     See  Geismar. 

Hog  island,  isl.  Vt.  in  Lake  Champlain,  annex- 
ed to  Franklin  co. 

Hog  island,  isl.  R.  I.  in  Narraganset  bay,  2  m. 
from  Bristol. 

Hog  island,  isl.  oflfthe  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  114^* 
55'  E.  Lat.  7°  5'  S. 

Hog  island,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  India. 
Lon.  74°  36' E.  Lat.  14°  2' N. 

Hog  river,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Au- 
glaize 30  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Hog''s  Head,  Ireland,  the  E,  cape  at  the  entrance 
Ballinaskelling  bay.  Lon.  10°  15'  W.  Lat.  51° 
45'  N. 

Hoghlon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  W.  Black- 
burn. 

Hogland.     See  Hochland. 

Hogsio,  t  Sweden,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  14  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Hernosand. 

Hogsties,  dangerous  reef  of  rocks  among  the  Ba- 
hamas. Lon.  73°  50'  W.  Lat.  21°  40' N. 

Hogue,  La,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  in  La 
Manche.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  this  town  took 
place  the  famous  sea-fight  of  May,  1692,  in  which 
tho  French  fleet  was  defeated  by  the  English.  8 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Nalognes,5  S.  Barfleur.  Lon.  1°  11' 
W.  Lat.  49°  35' N.  Pop.  2,000. 

Hogyerz,  t.  Hungary,  in  Tolna,  78  m.  S.  by  W. 
Buda.     Pop.  3,000. 

Hohenasperg,  v.  and  fort.  Wirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar,  6  m.  N.  Stutgard. 

Hohcnbar.     See  Baar. 

Hohenberg,  a  county,  of  Suabia,  now  belonging 
to  Wirtembei^,  situated  in  the  Black  Forest.  Iron 
mines  abound  throughout. 

Hohenelbe,  or  IVirchhiby,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the 
Elbe,  62  m.  E.  N.  E.  Prague.  Pop.  2,100. 

Hohenfurth,  v.  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  99  m. 
S.  Prague. 

Hohenlinden,  v.  Bavaria,  20  m.  E.  Munich,  re- 


326 


H  O  L 


H  O  L 


markable  for  the  defeat  of  the  Austrian  army,  3d 
December,  1800,  by  the  P"' ranch,  under  Moreau. 

Hohenlohe,  district  in  the  west  of  Germany, 
forming  (since  1806  and  1809)  a  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Wirtemberg. 

Hohenstavffen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  18  m.  fr.  Stut- 
gard. 

Hohenstein,  a  county  of  Saxony,  adjacent  to 
Anhalt,  now  divided  between  Hanover  and  Prus- 
sia. 

Hohenstein,  t.  Saxony,  7  m,  E.  Glaucha,  7  W. 
Chemnitz.     Pop.  3,000. 

Ho/ienstein,  t.  West  Prussia,  66  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Konigsberg.  Pop.  1,100. 

Hohentwiel,  fortress  belonging  to  Wirtemberg, 
formerly  a  celebrated  place  ;  but  the  works  were 
blown  up  by  the  French  in  1800.  6  m.  N.  W.  Ru- 
dolfszell,  9  N.  E.  Schaffliausen. 

Hohenwar/h,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Paar,  28  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Munich. 

Hohenzollern,  a  small  sovereignty  in  the  S.  W. 
of  Germany,  surrounded  by  Baden  and  Wirtem- 
berg, and  divided  into  the  two  principalities  of 
Hechingen  and  Sigmaringen.   Pop.  54,000. 

Holaiva,  one  of  the  Hapae  islands,  in  the  Pa- 
cific, 30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Annamooka.  Lon.  185°  36'  E. 
Lat.  19°  52'  N. 

Holar.     See  Hohnn. 

Holbeach,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  12  m.  S,  Bos- 
ton, 105  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  2'  E.  Lat.  52°  49'  N. 
Pop.  2,962. 

Holbeck,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  fr.  Leeds. 
Fop.  5.124. 

Holbeck,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
36  m.  \V.  of  Copenhagen.  Lon.  IP  41'  57"  E.  Lat, 
55°  42'  50"  N. 

Holbourn  Head,  cape,  Scotland.  Lon.  3°  21'  W. 
Lat.  58°  30'  N. 

Holden,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  m.  N.  Wor- 
cester. Pop.  1,072. 

Holderness,     See  Yorkshire. 

Holderne^s,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Merri- 
mack, 35  m .  N.  Concord. 

Holdswortfiy,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  47  m.  N. 
W.  Exeter.  Lon.  4°  20'  W.  Lat.  50°  49'  N. 

Hole  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E.  side  of 
the  Miami,  in  Montgomery  county. 

Hole  Town,  t.  Barbadoes.  Lon.  58°  31'  W.  Lat. 
13°12'N. 

Hole  in  the  Wall,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  7  m.  S. 
Easton. 

Holenburg,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
33  m.  W.  by  N.  Vienna. 

Holeschau,  t.  Moravia,  in  Prerau,  22  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Olmutz,  Pop.  4,300. 

Holitsch,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Morawa,  34  m. 
S.  E.  Brunn,  in  Moravia,  45  N.  of  Presburg.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Hollajid,  Eng.     See  Lincolnshire. 

Holland,  a  maritime  province  of  the  Nether- 
lands. The  name  is  frequently  given  to  the  seven 
provinces  inhabited  by  the  Dutch ;  but  these  are 
all  included  in  the  new  kingdom  of  the  Nether- 
lands. The  province  of  Holland  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  German  ocean,  S.  by  Zealand,  E. 
by  the  Zuyderzee  and  the  province  of  Utrecht. 
Extent,  2,100  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1732,  more  than 
900,000;  in  1796,  828,500;  in  1817,  748,000.  It 
is  divided  into  the  two  governments  of  South  and 
North  Holland  ;  the  former  contains  1,170  square 
miles,  with  389,000  inhabitants;  while  North 
Holland,  which,  in  official  papers,  is  called  by  its 
ancient  name  of  West  Fricsland,  contains  930 


square  miies,  with  359,000  inhabitaaits.  IHie  u.- 
tional  religion  is  Calvinism  ;  but  tliere  is  a  Lu 
theran  congregation  in  every  town  of  consequence, 
and  among  the  lower  classes,  the  Catholics  are  nu- 
merous. The  whole  province  of  Holland  is  a  con- 
tinued flat,  and  lies  so  low  as  to  be  under  the  level 
of  the  sea  at  high  water:  the  tide  is  prevented 
from  flowing  in,  by  means  of  dikes  and  natural  sand 
banks.  These  dikes  are  of  great  extent,  generally 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  adjoining  land,  and 
20  or  30 feet  in  breadth  at  the  top,  and  the  imposts 
necessary  to  keep  them  in  repair  are  very  heavy. 
The  numerous  canals  and  ditches  which  traverse 
the  province  in  all  directions  are  likewise  provi- 
ded with  dikes.  The  soil  is  in  general  rich,  con- 
sisting of  a  deep  fat  loam.  The  agricultural  wealth 
of  the  province  consists  in  its  pastures.  Horned 
cattle  and  sheep  are  abundant. 

Holland,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  56  ra.  N.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  126. 

Holland,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  20  m.  E,  Spring- 
field.    Pop.  420. 

Holland,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

Holland  islands,  Md.  in,Chesapeake  bay,  S.  of 
Hooper's  island,  and  N.  of  Smith's  island. 

Holland,  JVeic.     See  JVew  Holland. 

Holland'' s  point,  Md.  on  the  western  shore  of  the 
Chesapeake,  the  S.  point  at  the  entrance  of  Her- 
ring bay.     Lon.  76°  40'  W.  Lat.  38°  30'  N. 

Holland,  Port,  harbour  in  the  straits  of  Magel- 
lan.    Lon.  71°  28'  W.  Lat.  53°  42'  S, 

Holland,  Prussian,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  Weeske, 
14  m.  S.  E.  Elbing.  Lon.  19°  40'  E.  Lat.  54°  1' 
N.     Pop.  3,100. 

Holland,  Up,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  W.  by 
S.  Wigan.     Pop,  2,663, 

Hollanderoeeler,  Irsecat,  small  isl.  near  the  W. 
coast  of  East  Greenland.  Lon.  46°  25'  W.  Lat. 
68°  38'  N. 

Holies,  t,  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  9  m.  S.  Am- 
herst, 32  S.  Concord,  40  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,520. 

HoUfeld,  t.  Franconia,  on  the  Wiesent,  15  m. 
E.  Bamberg,  16  W.  Bayreuth. 

Holliday  cove,  p-v.  Brooke  co.  Va, 

Hollidaysburgf  p-v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

Hollinsworth'' s ferry,  p-v.  Mason  co.  Va. 

Hollis,  or  Phillipsburg,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on 
Saco  river,  42  m.  N.  York.     Pop.  1,427. 

Holliston,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  27  m.  S.  W. 
Boston.     Pop.  989. 

Hohnanslown.     See  Mexico. 

Holme,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  in  Orkney,  on  the 
S.  E.  coast  of  Pomona.  It  gives  name  to  Holme 
sound,  a  beautiful  and  well-frequented  frith,  lead- 
ing into  the  German  ocean  by  Stromness, 

Holmesburg,  p-t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa, 

Holmes,  Flat  and  Steep,  two  small  islands  in  the 
Bristol  channel,  3  leagues  S.  Caerdifi", 

Holmes''  Hole,  p-t.  in  Tisbury,  Dukes  co.  Mass, 
on  the  island  of  Martha's-vineyard,  9  m.  from  Fal- 
mouth, 91  S.  E.  Boston.  The  harbour  is  spacious 
and  safe,  and  vessels  bound  to  the  eastward  are  of- 
ten detained  here,  waiting  for  a  fair  wind,  to  ena- 
ble them  to  pass  the  shoals  ofi"  Cape  Cod.  Here  is 
a  village,  which  contains  a  meeting-house,  and 
about  70  houses. 

Holmestrand,  t.  Norway,  on  the  Dramsfiord,  30 
m.  S.  Christiania. 

Holmesville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pike  co.  Mississippi, 

Holstebroe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  24  m.  N. 
Wiburg. 

Holstein,  a  duchy  in  the  north  of  Germany,  be- 
longing to  Denmark,  and  bounded  by  the  German 


H  O  M 

ocean  and  the  Elbe  on  the  W.  and  S.  the  Baltic  on 
E.  and  Sleswick  on  the  N.  Extent,  3,250  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1818,  360,000 ;  the  prevailing  re- 
ligion is  the  Lutheran.  The  productions  are 
wheat,  barley,  and  oats,  potatoes,  hemp,  and 
flax,  with  some  hops  and  fruit ;  but  its  chief  wealth 
is  in  its  pastures.  It  possesses  vast  numbers  of 
horses  and  horned  cattle.  The  chief  exports  are 
cattle,  horses,  cheese,  and  butter. 

The  king  of  Denmark,  on  accountof  this  duchy 
and  Lauenburg,  is  a  member  of  the  Germanic  con- 
federation, and  has  three  votes  in  the  general  as- 
sembly, and  a  place,  the  tenth  in  rank,  at  the  or- 
dinary diet.  The  interior  constitution  of  Holstein 
is  at  present  (1819)  under  discussion  at  tlie  court 
of  Copenhagen,  and  likely  to  receive  a  material 
improvement. 

Hohton,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in  Virginia, 
and  running  S.  W.  unites  with  Clinch  river  at  Ma- 
rietta, to  form  the  Tennessee.  It  is  deep,  and  is 
navigable  70  miles,  with  the  interruption  of  a  fall 
of  7  feet.  Near  its  source,  7  ra.  N.  W.  Lancaster, 
there  is  a  fall  of  40  feet. 

Hi!,  hamlet,  Eng.in  Wilts,  3  m.  N.  E.  Bradford 

Holt,  t.  Wales,  in  Denbighshire,  on  the  Dee,  10 
m.  S.  Chester. 

Ho?;,  t.  Eng.in  Norfolk.  Pop.  1,037.  24m.  N. 
W.  Norwich.     Lon.  1°  5'  E.  Lat.  52°  54'  N. 

HoWs  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon. 
143°  47'  W.  Lat.  16^  12'  S. 

Holten,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Overysscl,  14  m.  S. 
E.  Wesel.     Pop.  3,000. 

Holum,  or  Holar,  t.  Iceland.  Lon.  15°  W.  Lat. 
65°  42'  N. 

Holy  Island,  isl.  of  the  German  ocean,  on  the 
coastof  England,  8  m.  S.E.  Berwick-upon-Tweed. 
It  is  also  called  Lindisfarne.  It  was  formerly  a 
bishop's  see,  and  here  are  the  ruins  of  a  monastery, 
Lon.  1°  48'  W.  Lat.  55°  40'  N. 

Holycross,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  ^  m.  from 
Pershore. 

Holyhectd,  s-p.  Wales,  on  the  N.  W.  point  of  the 
isle  of  Anglesey.  The  packets  sail  regularly  from 
this  place  to  Dublin.  Six  packets  are  in  the  constant 
employment  of  the  post-office.  Between  Holyhead 
and  Dublin,  tlie  distance  is  20  leagues,  and  the 
passage  is  usually  made  in  12  hours.  Pop.  3,005. 
278  m.  N,  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  38'  W.  Lat.  53° 
13°  N, 

Holyoke,  mountain  in  Hadley,  Mass.  3  m.  S.  E, 
Northampton.  It  is  830  feet  above  the  level  of 
C'onnecticut  river,  and  is  famous  for  the  extensive 
aid  beautiful  view,  which  it  commands  of  tlie  sur- 
rounding country, 

Hohficell,  t.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  formerly  an 
inconsiderable  village,  but  now  become,  from  the 
n  ineral  riches,  and  the  vast  manufactures  carried 
o\  in  the  neighbourhood,  a  flourishing  town.  It  is 
near  the  great  lead  mines.  The  town  takes  its 
nunefrom  the  remarkable  Holy  Wellof  St.  Wini- 
fred, one  of  the  finest  and  most  copious  springs  in 
the  kingdom,  and  which  becomes  at  once  a  con- 
siderable stream,  discharging  every  minute  84 
hogsheads  of  water.  Pop.  6,394,  1 1  m.  E.  St. 
Asaph,  5*  W.  Flint,  207  N,  W.  London.  Lon,  3° 
13'W.  Lat.530  16'N. 

Holzapfel,  t.  duchy  of  Nassau,  4  m.  E.  Nassau. 

Holzminden,  t.  Germany,  in  the  states  of  Bruns- 
wick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Weser  and  the 
Holz,  It  has  large  iron  works,  3  m.  N,  E.  Cor- 
vey,  20  W.  Grubenhagen.     Pop.  3,300. 

Homberg  in  Hesse,  t.  Hesse-Cassel.  on  the  Elze. 
2|)m.S.Ca?s.-l.     Pop.  2.900, 


H  O  N 


327 


Homhitrg.     See  Hesse-Hombwg. 

Hamburg,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  5  m, 
N.  N,  W.  Deux  Fonts 

Hamburg  on  the  Height,  t,  Germany,  cap,  of  the 
principality  of  Hesse-Homburg,  on  the  Lahn,  9  m. 
N.Frankfort,  Lon,  8°  32  E.  Lat.  50°  15' N.  Pop. 
3,000. 

Hamburg  on  tfte  Ohm,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  1 1 
m.  S.  E.  iVlarburg.     Lon.  9°  1'  E.  Lat,  50°  43'  N. 

Home,  district,  Up,  Canada,  comprising  the 
counties  of  York  and  Simcoe. 

Hamer,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cortlandt  co.  N,  Y,  26  m. 
S.  Onondaga,  40  N,  Owego,  145  W.  Albany.  Fop. 
2,991.  The  village  is  built  on  a  fine  plain  on  the 
bank  of  the  Tioughnioga,  and  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  church,  a  printing-office  and 
about  70  houses. 

Homochitto,  r,  Mississippi,  which  flows  S.  W. 
about  70  miles,  and  joins  tlie  Mississippi  above  Fort 
Adams. 

Honan,  a  province  of  China,  W.  of  Kiangnan, 
and  watered  by  the  great  river  Iloangho. 

Honan,ciiy  in  the  centre  of  China,considered  by 
the  Chinese  as  the  centre  of  the  world.  Lon,  1 12*^ 
9' E.  Lat.  34°  34°44'N. 

Honaver.     See  Onore. 

Honda,  t.  S,  America,  in  New  Granada,  on  the 
Magdalena ;  56  m.  N,  W.  Santa  Fe.  Lon,  74° 
54'  W,  Lat,  5°  12'  N, 

Honda,  Bay  of,  on  the  coast  of  S,  America,  in 
Santa  IHartha.     Lon.  7 1°  6'  W.  Lat.  12°  N. 

Honda  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  70  m. 
W.  Havannali.     Lon.  83°  25'  W.  Lat.  22°  58'  N, 

Honda  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Honduras, 
N.  of  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios. 

Hondo,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which  runs  S,  S.  E. 
and  enters  tlie  bay  of  Mexico. 

Hondschoote,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  11m. 
S.  E.  Dunkirk,     Pop,  3,200. 

Honduras,  t,Cuba,  63  m.  N.  E,  Bayamo,  Lon. 
76°  4' W,  Lat.  21°  21' N, 

Honduras,  province,  N,  America,  in  Guatima- 
la,  bounded  N.  by  the  bay  of  Honduras,  W,  b}- 
Vera-Paz,  E.  by  tlie  Caribbean  sea,  and  S.  by  the 
province  of  Nicaragua.  It  is  390  miles  long,  from 
E.  to  W.  and  150  from  N.  to  S.  The  soil  is  ol 
great  fertility,  producing  in  abundance  all  sorts  of 
tropical  fruits  and  vegetables.  They  have  three 
crops  of  maize  in  the  year.  Honey,  wool,  cotton, 
wax,  mahogany,  and  log-wood,  witli  other  dyeing 
drugs,  are  its  chief  products, 

Honduras,  bay  of,  a  large  bay  of  N.  America, 
formed  by  the  coastof  the  province  of  Flondurason 
tlie  S.  and  that  of  Yucatan  on  the  W.  It  is  well 
known  from  the  settlements  which  the  British  have 
made  in  it,  for  tlie  cutting  down  of  mahogany  and 
dye-woods.  The  principal  is  the  town  of  Balize, 
on  tlie  coast  of  Yucatan,  at  the  moutii  of  Balize 
river, 

Honduras  Cape,  or  Punta  de  Cusiilla,  cape,  oa 
the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Honduras.  Lon.  86°  16' 
W.  Lat.  16°  N. 

Honeoy.     See  Richmond. 

Honeoy,  lake,  in  Richmond,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
5  miles  long  and  1  broad,  Honeoy  creek,  its  out- 
let, flows  into  Geneseee  river,  in  Rush, 

Honey,  creek,  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Sanduskj' 
river,  15  m.  from  Upper  Sandusky, 

Honey  brook,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,073. 

Honjleur,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  left 
bank  of  tlie  Seine,  opposite  Havre  de  Grace,  It 
ha«  a  good  harbour,  uri'l  con-iderable trade.     Pop. 


326 


H  O  O 


H  O  R 


9,600.  30  m.  N.  E.  Caen.  Lon.  0°  14'  E.  Lat.  49° 
23'  N. 

Ho7iheim,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  5  m.  S.  S. 
W,  Ratisbon. 

Honimao,  or  Uliasser,  one  of  the  Molucca  isl- 
ands.    Lon  129°  2'  E.  Lat.  3°  30'  S. 

Honilon,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Otter.  It 
is  a  borough,  and  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  2,735.  16  m.  E,  Exeter,  156  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  3°  1  r  W.  Lat.  50°  48'  N. 

Honley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  S.  Hudders- 
field.     Pop.  2,918. 

Honorat.     See  Lerins. 

Hontawc,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  4  m.  S.  V'ille- 
neuve  de  Marsan. 

Hoobly.     See  Hubbehj. 

Hood''s  Bay,  a  harbour  of  Admiralty  island,  in 
Chatham  Strait.     Lon.  225°  36'  E.  Lat.  57°  26'  N. 

Hood's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  138° 
52'  W.  Lat.  9°  26'  S. 

Hood,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca.   Lat.  56°  44'  N. 

Hoogeveen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  14  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Coevorden.     Pop.  4,350. 

Hoogkde,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  12 
m.  N.  E.  Ypres.     Pop.  3,500. 

Hoogly,  an  extensive  district  of  Bengal,  between 
21°  and  23°  N.  lat.  and  extending  a  considerable 
distance  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Bhagarutty.  It 
contains  all  the  principal  towns  belonging  to  the 
European  nations  who  have  settlements  in  Ben- 
gal. 

Hoogly,  t.  Bengal,  and  for  a  considerable  period 
the  capital  of  the  district,  is  on  the  W.bank  of  the 
Bhagarutty  river,  20  m.  N.  Calcutta,  75  S.  Moor- 
shedabad. 

Hoogly  River,  properly  the  Bhagirutty,  r.  Ben- 
gal, the  western  outlet  of  the  Ganges.  It  leaves 
the  mainstream  at  Sooty,  and  passing  by  Hoogly, 
and  Calcutta,  runs  into  the  bav  of  Bengal,  in  lon. 
88°  E.  lat.  21°  40'  N.  The  entrance  is  extremely 
dangerous  and  difficult,  by  reason  of  numerous 
sand-banks,  which  are  frequently  shifted. 

Hookset  falls,  in  Merrimack  river,  N.  H.  8  m.  be- 
low Concord,  and  8  above  Amoskeag  falls.  Here 
is  a  bridge  across  the  river,  and  a  small  village, 
with  a  post-office. 

Hookstown,  v.  Md.  6  m.  N.  W.  Baltimore. 

Hookstown,  p-v.  Green  co.  N.  C. 

Hooklown,  V.  Talbot  co.  Md.  3  m.  N.  Easton. 

Hooly  Onore,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  75°  41' 
E.  Lat."  13°  44'  N. 

Hoonga-hapaee,  and  Hongntonga,  4  small  isl- 
ands in  the  Pacific.    Lon.  20°  32'  S. 

Hooper'' s  island,  small  isl.  Md.  in  Chesapeake 
bay,  annexed  to  Dorchester  co. 

Hoorn,  s-p.  Holland,  on  the  Zuyderzee.  Its  har- 
bour is  the  best  on  the  coast  of  that  sea,  and  the 
trade  is  extensive.  Pop.  9,000.  14  m.  E.  Alk- 
maar,  20  N.  N.  E.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  5°  E.  Lat. 
52°  40'  N. 

Hoorn  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  171°  30' E.  Lat  15°  S. 

Hoorn' s  Island,  small  island  at  the  E.  entrance 
of  the  straits  of  Sunda.  Lon.  106°  24'  E.  Lat.  5° 
44°  S. 

Hoosack,  mt.  in  Williamstown,  Berkshire,  co. 
Mass.  one  of  the  loftiest  summits  of  the  Green 
Mountains. 

Hoosack,  r,  which  rises  in  Vermont,  and  passing 
into  New-York,joins  the  Hudson,  8  m.  above  Lan- 
singburg.  In  the  town  of  Hoosack  the  river  falls 
40  feet.     At  this  spot  is  a  village  and  several  \m\\^. 


Hoosack,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N.  E. 
Troy,  26  from  Albany.     Pop.  3, 1 17. 

Hop  bottom,  p-v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

Hope,  t.  Gaspe  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Chaleur 
bay. 

Hope,  t.  Durham  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Oi. 
tario. 

Hope,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  E,  Wiscai 
set.     Pop.  787. 

Hope,  small  id.  Rhode-bland,  in  NarragansC 
bay. 

Hope,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Hope,  bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  America.  Lat. 
49°  33'  N. 

Hopcdale,  one  of  the  Missionary  settlements  oi 
the  United  Brethren,  on  the  coast  of  Labrador,  P. 
of  Okkak.     See  Labrador. 

Ilojjejield,  t.  Arkansaw  Territorj',  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, opposite  Chickasaw  Bluffs. 

Hope  Islands,  2  small  islands  near  the  N.  E.  coast 
of  New  Holland.     Lon.  214°  36'  W.Lat.  15°  41'  S. 

Hope  Island.     See  Vavao. 

Hopeuell,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Chepodie  river,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Fundy. 

Hopewell,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.     Fop.  1,987: 

Hopewell,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware 
river,  11m.  N.  Trenton,  14  W.  Princeton.  Pop. 
2,565. 

Hopewell,  t.  York  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,577. 

Hopewell,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  769. 

Hopewell,  p-t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,297. 

Hopewell,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  805. 

Hopewell,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,193. 

Hopewell,  p-v.  York  district,  S.  C. 

Hopeicell,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Hopewell,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N.  Somerset. 

Hopeicell,  t  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W. 
Zanesville. 

Hopkins,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  2,964.  Slaves,  412. 
Chief  town,  Madisonville. 

Hopkins,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  53°  5'  N. 

Hopkinsville,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  36  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier. 

Hopkinsville,  p-v.  Powhattan  co.  Va. 

Hopkinsville,  p-v.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  W. 
Concord,  42  E.  Charleston.  Pop.  2,216.  The 
courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and 
at  Amherst. 

Hopkinton,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  30  m.  S.  W. 
Boston.     Pop.  1,345. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.  Washington  co.  R.  1. 30m.S.  W. 
Providence.     Pop.  1,774. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  40  m. 
E.  Ogdensburg.     Pop.  372. 

Hor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  two  mountains,  one  on  the 
borders  of  Edom,  the  other,  a  summit  in  the  range 
of  Mount  Lebanon,  in  the  N.  part  of  Canaan. 

Horb,  t.  Wirtemburg,  on  the  Neckar,  20  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Hohenburg. 

Horbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2i  m.  S.  W. 
Wakefield.     Pop.  2,356. 

Horde,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Roer,  3 
m.  S.  Dortmund. 

Horcb,  mt.  Arabia  Petrea,  celebrated  in  Scrip- 
ture history,  is  immediately  W.  of  Mount  Sinai, 
and  forms  part  of  the  same  chain  of  hills. 

Horgen,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich,  10m.  S.  S.  E 
Zurich.     Pop.  3,300. 

Horka.     See  Brodecz. 

Hormisrofi.  Los.  or  T^ip  /Inh.  rocks,  off  the  N. 


H  O  R 

E,  coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  75°  40'  W.  Lat.  18° 
25' N. 

Hormillos,  Los,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Peru. 
Lat.  160  43' S. 

Horn,  t.  Westphalia,  in  Lippe,  11  m.  N.  Pader- 
torn.     Pop.  4,80(\ 

Hornberg,  t  Germany,  in  Baden,  17  m.  N.  E. 
Freybur*. 

Hamburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  lis,  18  ra. 
W.  N.  W.  Halberstadt.     Pop,  2,400. 

Hornby,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  on  the  river 
Loyne,  10  m.  N.  E.  Lancaster. 

Horn,  Cape,  a  celebrated  promontory  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  and  the  most  southern 
extremity  of  South  America.  It  is  the  south 
point  of  a  group  of  islands,  called  Hermite  islands. 
It  was  formerly  considered  dangerous  to  double 
this  cape,  but  it  is  now  the  common  course  of  all 
vessels,  being  found  preferable  in  every  respect  to 
the  tedious  passage  through  the  straits  of  Magel- 
lan.    Lon.  67°  46'  W.  Lat.  55°  58'  S. 

Horncaslle,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  on  the  river 
Bane,  which  is  navigable  to  Witham.  21  m.  E. 
Lincoln.     Pop.  2,622. 

Hornchurch,  L  Eng.  in  Essex,  14  m.  E.  London. 

Horneburg,  i.  Hanover,  in  Bremen,  on  the  Aue, 
9  m.  S.  E.  Stade. 

Hornfiausen,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Halberstadt. 

Hornhead,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  7°  51'  W.  Lat.  55°  13'  N. 

Horn  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Mississippi,  W.  of 
Dauphin  island.     It  is  17  miles  long. 

Homoy,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  20  m,  W. 
Amiens. 

Hornsea,  t  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  15  m.  N.  Hull. 

Hornsej/,  V.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  5  m.  N.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  3,350. 

Horntoivn,  p-v.  Accomac  co.  Va.  16  m.  S.  Snow- 
hill. 

Horp,  Le,  t  France,  in  Mayenne,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Vilaine. 

Horry,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  4,3^19.  Slaves, 
1,398. 

Horse,  one  of  the  smaller  Orkney  islands.  Lon. 
2°  31'  W.  Lat.  58°  59'  N. 

Horse  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  E.  coa?t  of 
Newfoundland.  Lon.  55°  30'  VV.  Lat.  50° 
25' N. 

Horseneck,  v.  in  Greenwich,  Fairfield  co.  Ct. 
It  was  settled  originally  by  the  Dutch.  In  1646, 
the  Dutch  defeated  the  Indians  at  this  place,  after 
a  severe  battle. 

Horseneck,  cape,  N.  Y.  on  the  N.  side  of  Long 
Island,  which  forms  the  E.  point  at  the  entrance 
of  Huntington  bay. 

Horseneck,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Passaic,  4  m.  S.  W.  Patterson. 

Ilorsens,  s-p.  Jutland,  on  the  Cattegat,  19  m.  S, 
S.  W.  Aarhuus.  Lon.  9°  52'  E.  Lat.  55°  52' N- 
Pop.  2,400. 

Horsfortk,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Leeds.     Pop.  2,315. 

Horsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  the  Adur.  It  is 
a  borough,  and  returns  2  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  2,839.  20  m.  N.  W.  Brighton,  36  S.  London. 
Lon.  0°  20'  W.  Lat.  51°  4'  N. 

Horsham,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  938. 

Horst,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  8  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Venlo®. 

Hortes,  t.  Frnnce.  in  Upper  Marne,  9  m.  E. 
rreSc 


H  O  U 


339 


Horton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  S.  W.  Brad- 
ford.     Pop.  4,423. 

Horvos,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  N. 
coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  70°  5'  W.  Lat.  21° 
10' N. 

Horwick,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Great  Bolton.     Pop.  2,374. 

Horzitz,  t.  Bohemia,  13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Konigin- 
gratz.     Pop.  2,400. 

Horzowitz,  t.  Bohemia,  28  m.  S.  W.  Prague. 

Hospital,  or  Rainesford,  isl.  Mass.  in  Boston 
harbor,  annexed  to  Hingham,  6  m.  S.  E.  Boston. 
At  this  place  vessels  perform  quarantine,  and 
there  is  a  hospital  for  seamen. 

Hossein  Jibdaul,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  71° 
43'  E.  Lat.  33°  N. 

Hosso  Durga,  t.  India,  in  Cinara.  Lon.  75° 
13'  E.  Lat.  12°  16'  N. 

Hossobetta,  t.  India,  in  Canara.  Lon.  75°  E. 
Lat.  12°  42'  N. 

Hostalric,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Tor- 
dera,  36  m.  E.  N.  E.  Barcelona,  20  S.  S.  W.  Ge« 
rona. 

Hosterlitz,  t.  Moravia,  30  m.  W.  by  S.  Auster- 
litz. 

Hostimuri,  t.  Mexico,  80  m.  S.  Sonora. 

Hot  springs,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Va.  See  Bath 
county. 

Hottentots,  a  people  who  inhabit  the  S.  part  of 
Africa.  Their  country  extends  eastward  along 
the  sea  coast  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  to  the 
territory  of  the  KafTres,  and  is  bounded  N.  by  the 
Orange  river,  which  separates  them  from  the  Bosh- 
uauRs  and  Damaras.  There  are  three  races  : 
the  inhabitants  of  the  colony,  the  Bosjesmans, 
and  the  Namaquas.  'I'he  Hottentots  of  the  colo- 
ny are  about  15,000  in  number.  They  are  a  mild, 
quiet,  and  timid  people,  perfectly  harmless,  hon- 
est, and  faithful,  but  naturally  the  most  lazy  peo- 
ple on  earth.  Their  indolence  is  a  real  disease ; 
they  will  rather  fast  and  sleep  the  whole  daj',  than 
seek  food  by  any  exertion.  The  Bosjesman  Hot- 
tentots inhabit  the  most  inaccessible  parts  of  the 
Sneuwbergand  Nieuweldt  mountains,  which  form 
the  northern  boundary  of  the  colony.  They  are 
a  wild  and  restless  race.  From  their  rugged 
haunts  they  make  inroads  into  the  plantations, 
carry  off  the  cattle  and  sheep,  and  frequently  kill 
the  farmers  and  their  domestics.  Their  activity 
is  incredibly  great.  They  are  said  to  be  so  swift, 
that  on  rough  ground,  horsemen  have  no  chance 
with  them.  The  JVamaqua  Hottentots  inhabit  the 
N,  W.  parts  of  the  colony. — The  United  Breth- 
ren established  a  mission  among  the  Hottentots  in 
1736,  which  was  renewed  in  1792,  since  which 
the  London  Society  have  sent  out  many  mission- 
aries. The  labors  of  both  have  been  attended  with 
the  happiest  effects.  The  Hottentots  at  several  set- 
tlements, now  cultivate  the  fields,  own  large  num- 
bers of  cattle,  exercise  various  trades,  and  con- 
tribute liberally  to  the  support  of  religious  and 
charitable  institutions,  exhibiting  a  wonderful 
proof  of  the  power  of  Christianity  in  elevating 
men  from  sloth  and  misery  to  activity  and  com- 
fort.    See  South  .Africa. 

Hotzenplotz,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  20  m.  N.  Trop- 
pau. 

Houat,  isl.  France,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Vilaine,  in  Morbihan,  7  m.  N.  E.  Belleisle.  Lon. 
2°  56'  27"  W.  Lat.  47°  23'  32"  N. 

Houdan,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  on  the 
Vesgre.  17  ra.  S  W   Nantes, 


42 


330 


HOW 


H  U  I^ 


Houga,  La,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  30  m.  S.  W. 
Condom. 

Hmigarden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant, 
en  the  Geete,  1 1  m.  S.  E.  Louvain.     Pop.  2,500. 
H&ughton,  V.  Eng.  in  Norfolk. 
Hmghton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  S.  E. 
Manchester. 

Houghim,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake 
Erie. 

Houghton,  Port,  harbor,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  between  Points  Hobart  and  Walpole. 
Lat.  57°  20'  N. 

Houghton  Le  Spring,  t.  Eng.  7  m.  N.  E,  Dur- 
ham,    Pop.  1,356. 
Hougue.     See  Hogue. 

Hoiingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  18  m.  N. 
York. 

Hmmdsbos-duynen,  shindy  ridge,  on  the  coast  of 
Holland,  4  m.  fr.  AUcmaar,  extending  about  4  or 
5  miles. 

Hounsfield,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  On- 
tario. Pop.  943.  In  this  town  is  Sackett's  har- 
bor. 

HouTulou;  t.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Colne,  on  the  edge  of  Hounslow  Heath,  9  m. 
W.  London. 

Housatonnuc,  r.  which  rises  in  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  and  running  S.  across  Connecticut,  enters 
Long  Island  Sound  between  Milford  and  Strat- 
ford. In  the  latter  part  of  its  course,  it  is  called 
Sti-atford  river.  It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels, 
12  miles  to  Derby.  Between  Canaan  and  Salis- 
bury in  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  State,  it  has  a 
perpendicular  fall  of  60  feet. 

Houssa,  or  Haoussa,  country,  of  central  Africa, 
on  the  Niger,  with  a  capital  of  the  same  name. 
From  all  the  accounts  transmitted  to  Europe,  it 
appears  to  be  the  most  civilized  and  improved  of 
any  of  the  native  states  of  this  continent ;  but 
our  knowledge  of  it  is  still  exceedingly  imperfect. 
According  to  the  recent  information  of  Mr.  Bow- 
dich,  Houssa  is  situated  some  days  journey  to  the 
nortli  of  the  brancli  of  the  Niger  called  tlie  Gam- 
baroo.  It  is  considerably  larger  than  Tombuctoo, 
and  superior  to  any  other  city  N.  of  the  Niger, 
except  Bornou. 

Houstonville,  p-v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 
Houstonri/le,  p-v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 
Howakil,  large  bay,  Abyssinia.    Lat.  15°  1'  N. 
Howard,  t.  Kent  co.   Up.   Canada,   extending 
from  lake  Erie  to  the  river  Thames, 

Hou-ard,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  W.  Bath. 
Honard,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.     Pop.  761. 
Howard,  co.  Missouri,  on  both  sides  of  Missouri 
river.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office,  60  m. 
fr.  Cote  sans  dessein,  150  W.  St.  Louii.     Lat.  38"^ 
45'  N. 

Hotrdai,  or  Hoveden,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Ouse  with  the  Humber,  25 
m.  W.  Hull.  Lon.  0°  51'  W.  Lat.  53°  45'  N. 
Pop.  1,812. 

Howell,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,780. 
HoweWs  store,  p-v.  Clarke  co.  Alabama. 
Howf's  Foreland,  peninsula,  on  the  N.  E.  coast 
of  Kerguelen's  Land.     Lon.  69°  28' £,    Lat.  48° 
48' S. 

Howe^s  Island,  one  of  the  Queen  Charlotte's 
islands.     Lon.  164°  43'  E.  Lat,  11°  10'  S, 

Howe*!  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  by  the  natives 
called  Mopetro.  Lon.  154°  7'  W.  Lat.  1G° 
46' S. 

Howe's  Sound,  bay,  in  the  fulf  «f  Georgia. 
Lon.  237°  R  Lat,  49«  93' N- 


Howland,  i.  Trumbull  co,  Ohio,  4  m,  E.  Wac- 
ren. 

Howih,  a  peninsula  on  the  coast  of  Ireland, 
which  forms  the  N,  boundary  of  the  bay  of  Dub- 
lin. A  magnificent  harbor  has  been  constructed 
here,  to  shelter  such  vessels  as  are  bound  for  the 
port  of  Dublin. 

Hoxter,  or  Hu.rtcr,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the 
Weser,  16  m.  W   Grubenhagen.     Pop.  2,900. 

Hoy,  isl.  one  of  the  Orkneys,  4  m.  W.  Ronald- 
say.     Lon.  3°  7'  W.  Lat.  58°  43'  N. 

Hoya,  province,  Hanover,  adjoining  Bremen 
and  Oldenburg,  Extent,  1,165  sq.  miles.  Pop- 
90,000.  Hoya,  the  capital,  is  on  the  A  Her,  23  m. 
S.  E.  Bremen. 

Hoyer,  t.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  on  the  North 
sea. 

Hoyerswerda,  or  Woireta,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Upper  Lusatia,  on  the  Black  Elster,  34  m.  N.  E. 
Dresden. 

Hoy  land  JYefher,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  S.  E, 
Barnesley. 

Hoym,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Selke,  16  m.  W.  Bern- 
burg. 

Hradisch,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Morawa,  30  m.  ^. 
Olmutz.     Lon.  17°  4  E.  Lat.  49°  .5'  N. 

Huttheine,  or  .^heine,  the  easternmost*  of  the 
Society  Islands.  It  is  24  miles  in  circumference, 
and  is  divided  into  two  peninsulas,  by  an  isthmus 
overflowed  at  high  water.  Lon.  150°  58' W.  Lat. 
1 6°  43'  S.  See  Society  Islands. 
Hnailas.     See  Guailas. 

Hualsoe,  small  isl,  near  the  coast  of  Norway. 
Lat.  69^  40' N. 

Huamalies.     See  Guamalies. 
Hvximelua,  t.  Mexico,  in  Oaxaca,  45  leagues  S. 
E.  Mexico.     Lon.  95°  44'  W.  Lat.  16°  13'  N. 

Hubbard,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  S.  E, 
Warren. 

Hvbbardstmtn,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  40m.  N.W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  734. 

Hubbnrdstown,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  21  m 
N.  Worcester.     Pop.  1,127. 

Hiibber,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic.  Lon.  13°  40' 
E,  Lat,  54<3  38'  N. 

Hubely,  or  Hoobly,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  Lon. 
75°  10'  E.  Lat.  15°  24'  N. 

Hubert,  seigniory,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Canada. 
Hucheswagen,  t.  Prussian  states  of  the  Rhine, 
on  the  Wipper,  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Dusseldorf,  31  N, 
E.  Cologne.     Pop.  4,300. 

Huddersjield,  t.  Eng.  on  the  Colne,  in  York- 
shire, one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the  woollen 
manufacture  in  the  kingdom.  It  communicates 
by  canals  with  Manchester,  Liverpool,  and  Hull. 
Pop.  in  181 1,  9,671.  8  m.  S.  E.  Halifax,  16  S.  W. 
Leeds.  189  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  49'  W.  Lat. 
53°  39'  N. 

Hudismenil,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  5  m.  F. 
Granville. 

Hudson,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of  Colum 
bia  CO.  N.  Y.  is  finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Hudson  river,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
the  largest  ships,  30  m.  S.  Albany,  130  N.  New 
York.  Lat.  42°  14'  N.  Its  growth  has  been  very 
rapid.  It  was  founded  in  1784 ;  in  1786,  the  pop- 
ulation was  1,500 ;  and  in  1810,  4,048.  The  site 
of  Hudson  is  on  a  high  point,  which  projects  into 
the  river,  terminating  in  a  bold  cliff,  on  each  side 
of  which  are  bays  of  considerable  extent.  The 
city  is  regularly  laid  out  in  streets  and  squares, 
and  contains  an  academy,  2  banks,  4  printing-offi- 


i 


H  U  L 

•ics,  aud  4  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  P'riends, 
i  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for 
Episcopalians.  The  creeks  on  the  borders  of  tiie 
town  aiford  fine  seats  for  mills  and  manufactories, 
and  a  few  years  since,  Hudson  was  regarded  as 
the  third  town  in  the  state  in  manufactures,  and 
the  fourth  in  commerce.  The  amount  of  shipping 
fn  1815,  was  3,449  tons. 

Hiidson  River,  N.  Y.  one  of  the  best  for  navi- 
gation in  America,  rises  in  the  mountainous  re- 
gion on  the  W.  of  lake  Champlain,  and  pursuing 
a  southerly  course  of  more  than  300  miles,  com- 
municates with  tlie  Atlantic,  below  New  York 
city.  It  is  navigable  for  ships  to  Hudson;  for 
large  sloops  to  Albany,  near  the  head  of  the  tide, 
160  m.  from  New  York  ;  and  for  small  sloops,  to 
Troy,  6  miles  further.  It  is  connected  by  a  ca- 
nal with  lake  Champlain ;  and  the  grand  canal, 
now  in  progress,  will  soon  connect  it  with  lake 
Erie. 

Hxuison,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Ravenna,  23  S.  E.  Cleveland.     Pop.  793. 

Hudson  s  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  N.  America,  ex- 
tending from  Ion.  78°  to  95°  W.  and  from  lat.  52° 
to  68°  N.  The  Hudson's  bay  company  have  sev- 
eral settlements  and  forts,  especially  on  the  west 
coast,  where  their  agents  carry  on  a  traffic  with 
the  Indians  for  beaver  skins  and  other  valuable 
furs. 

Hudson's  House,  one  of  the  Hudson's  bay  com- 
pany's factories,  in  N.  America,  on  the  Saskasha- 
wine.     Lon.  106°  27'  20''  W.    Lat.  53°  0'  32"  N. 

Hudson  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N. 
America,  a  little  within  the  entrance  of  Admiral- 
ty inlet,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  33'  E. 
Lat.  48°  8'  N. 

Hudson^s  Straits,  or  Frobisher^s  Mistaken 
Strait,  the  narrow  sea  between  the  Atlantic 
ocean  and  Hudson's  bay,  N.  of  Labrador. 

Hudwickswali,  or  Hudikswall,  s-p.  Sweden,  in 
Helsingland.     Lon.  17°  8'  E.  Lat.  61°  45'  N. 

Hveen,  or  fVeen^  isl.  of  the  Baltic,  in  the  Sound, 
3  m.  fr.  the  coast  of  Sweden,  9  fr.  Elsinore,  15  fr. 
Copenhagen. 

Huejutta,  citv,  Mexico,  210  m.  N.  E.  Mexico. 
Lon.  274°  15'  W.  Lat.  22°  35'  N. 

Huelva,  maritime  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  67  m,  N. 
W.  Cadiz.     Pop.  5,000. 

Huerari,  r.  New  Granada,  which  enters  the 
Amazon,  in  lat.  3°  27'  S. 

Huesca,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  30  m.  N.  E.  Sara- 
gossa.     Lon.  0°15'W.    Lat.  42°  N.     Pop.  6,800. 

Huesear,  t.  Spain,  70  m.  N.  E.  Granada.  Pop. 
3,000. 

Hueta,  t.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  51  m.  E.  S.  E.  Ma- 
drid.    Pop.  2,500. 

Hueyque  Leuvu.     See  Colorado  Rio. 

Hugh,  Point,  the  S.  E.  point  of  Admiralty  island. 
Lon.  226°  30'  E.  Lat  57°  27'  N. 

Hughes'*,  p-v.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Missouri. 

Hughesville,  p-v.  Patrick  co.  Va. 

Huldipookre,  t.  Bengal,  in  Midnapore.  Lon. 
86°  15' E.  Lat.  22°  37' N. 

Huldschin,  or  Holtschin,  t.  Silesia,  13  m.  E. 
Troppau. 

Hulingsburg,  p-v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

Hulin^s  Rocks,  or  the  Maids,  rocks  in  the  N. 
channel  of  the  Irish  sea.  Lon.  5°  37'  W.  Lat. 
54°  57'  N. 

HuU,  r.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  which  falls  into  the 
Humber  at  Hull. 

Hull,  or  Kingston  upon  Hull,  a-p,  Eng.  in  York- 


HUM 


331 


shire,  on  the  Humber,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Hull.  It  is  admirably  situated  for  commerce,  be- 
ing connected  by  the  wide  spread  branches  of  the 
Humber,  and  by  navigable  canals,  with  York, 
Sheffield,  Leeds,  Manchester,  Liverpool,  Notting- 
ham, Birmingham,  and  Bristol,  and  is  open  on  the 
east  to  the  eastern  coast  and  the  continent.  With 
these  facilities  for  trade,  a  general  spirit  of  com- 
mercial activity  and  euterprize  has  diffused  itself, 
and  this  growing  emporium  is  now  the  fourth,  if 
not  the  third,  in  point  of  extent  and  importance, 
in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  foreign  trade  is 
principally  to  the  Baltic,  but  a  regular  traffic  is 
also  kept  up  to  the  southern  parts  of  Europe,  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  to  America.  Hull  is  more 
extensively  engaged  in  the  whale  fishery,  by  far, 
than  any  other  port  in  Britain.  The  number  of 
whale  ships,  for  several  years  past  has  been  about 
60.  The  coasting  trade  for  coals,  corn,  wool, 
manufactured  goods,  &c.  is  prodigious;  and  the 
inland  trade  exceeds  that  of  any  other  English 
port.  Within  the  last  30  years,  the  town  has 
been  greatly  enlarged,  and  is  continually  receiv- 
ing new  additions  and  improvements.  The 
old  dock  was  begun  ill  1775  ;  it  is  700  yards  long, 
85  wide,  and  22  deep,  and  will  contain  130  ves- 
sels of  300  tons  :  it  covers  an  area  of  10  acrea. 
The  Humber  dock  was  begun  in  April  1807:  it 
opens  into  the  Humber  by  a  lock  which  will  ad- 
mit a  50  gun-ship.  Hull  was  formerly  a  place  of 
great  strength,  but  the  walb  have  been  entirely 
demolished  by  the  extension  and  improvements  of 
the  town.  It  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  in  1811,  26,792;  but  including  Drypool, 
Sutton,  Sculcoatea,  and  those  absent  at  sea,  it  will 
be  upwards  of  40,000.  36  m.  S.  E.  York,  174  N. 
London.     Lon.  0°  16'  W.  Lat.  53°  45'  N. 

Hull,  t.  York  CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  Ottawa 
river. 

Hull,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  on  the  S.  sid^  of 
Boston  harbor,  9  m.  E.  Boston,  36  N.  Plymouth. 
Pop.  132.  It  is  a  peninsula  8  miles  long,  connect- 
ed with  Hingham  by  a  mill  dam. 

HuW s  cross-roads,  p-v.  Hartford  co.  Md. 

HulPs  store,  or  Crab-bottom,  p-v.  Pendleton  co. 
Va. 

Hulme,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  S.  E.  Man- 
chester.    Pop.  3,081. 

Hulmeville,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Huls,  t.  Prussian  states  of  the  Rhine,  in  Cleves, 
35  m.  N.  W.  Cologne. 

Hulst,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Dutch  Brabant,  20  m, 
N.  E.  Ecloo.    Lon.  4°  3'  27"  E.  Lat.  51°  6'  53"  N. 

Hultschin.     See  Huldschin. 

Humam  Aula,  v.  Asia  Minor,  65  m.  W.  Angora, 

Humber,  r.  Eng.  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Ouse,  the  Aire,  and  the  Trent.  It  is  the  outlet  of 
all  the  eastern  rivers  of  England,  from  the  Tees 
to  the  Trent,  and  runs  into  the  German  ocean,  in 
lat.  53°  30'  N. 

Humber,  r.  Newfoundland,  which  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  through  the  Bay  of  Islands. 

Humberstone,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
lake  Erie. 

Humbolecs,  L  Bohemia,  in  Czaslau,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Teutsch-Brod.     Pop.  2,000. 

Hummelstovn,  p-t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Swetara 
creek,  10  m.  l\.  Harrisburg. 

Hummock,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  15  m. 
S.  Mindanao.     Lon.  126°  37'  E.  Lat.  5°  24'  N. 
"^  Hummock  Idand,  in  the  Eastern  ?ea.    Lat.  24° 
15' N,  Lon,  123°£.0'S 


332 


HUN 


HUN 


Hummock  JPoint,  cape,  Celebes.  Lon.  121°  39' 
E.  Lat.  1°  20'  N. 

Hump  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Papua.     Lon.  135°  30'  E.     Lat.  2°  30'  S. 

Humphreys,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Tennessee  river.  Pop.  l,5n.  Slaves,  132. 
Chief  town,  Reynoldsburg. 

HuvxphreysiiUe,  p-v.  in  Derby,  New^  Haven  co. 
Ct.  on  the  iVaugatuck,  4  m.  above  its  confluence 
with  the  Housatonuuc.  Here  is  an  extensive 
woollen  factory.  At  this  place,  merino  sheep 
were  first  introduced  into  the  U.  S.  in  1801,  by 
Gen.  Humphreys. 

Humphreysville,  p-v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 

Huna,  r.  Hungary,  which  separates  Croatia 
from  Sclavonia,  and  falls  into  the  Save. 

Hundersjield,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Rochdale.  Pop.  in  1801,  10,671.  It  is  now  di- 
vided into  4  distinct  townships. 

Htindsfeld.     See  Friedrichsfelde. 

Hundsruck,  an  extensive  district  of  the  Prussian 
states,  including,  in  its  most  comprehensive  sense, 
the  whole  territory  between  the  Rhine,  tlie  Mo- 
selle, and  the  Nahe. 

Hune,  La,  bay,  Newfoundland,  90  m.  E.  Cape 
Ray. 

Himfleet,  or  Hunslei,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on 
the  Aire,  2  m.  S.  E.  Leeds.     Pop.  6,393. 

Hungary,  kingdom,  in  the  S.  E.  of  Europe, 
forming  a  considerable  part  of  the  Austrian  do- 
minions, bounded  W.  by  part  of  Germany,  N.  by 
Galicia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Carpa- 
thian mountains  ;  E.  by  Transylvania  and  Walla- 
chia;  S.  by  Turkey,  Sc'javonia,  and  Croatia,  from 
wliich  it  is  separated  bv  the  Drave  and  the  Dan- 
ube. It  lies  between  16^  5'  and  27°  6'  E.  lon.  and 
44°  13'  and  49°  26'  N.  lat.  Extent,  84,500  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  estimated  at  7,300,000. 

The  frontier  of  Hungary,  on  almost  every  side, 
consists  of  lofty  mountains,  while  the  interior  is 
an  immense  plain.  The  mountains  contain  nu- 
merous mines  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper, 
&c.  The  annual  produce  of  these  mines  is  about 
21,000  marks  (each  of  8  oz.)  of  gold;  93,000 
marks  (ditto)  of  silver;  23,000  cwt.  of  lead; 
48,500  CM't.  of  copper;  41,000  cwt.  of  forged 
iron ;  and  500  cwt.  of  zinc.  Agriculture  is  ex- 
tremely backwai'd;  but  Hungary  has  long  been 
celebrated  for  its  pastures,  and  can  vie  with  Eng- 
land in  regard  to  cattle.  The  inhabitants  consist 
of  a  great  variety  of  different  tribes ;  the  ma- 
jority are  Sclavonians  ;  next  to  them,  in  point  of 
number,  are  the  Hungarians  proper  ;  the  de- 
scendants of  Germans  are  numerous,  particularly 
in  the  west ;  the  Walachians  inhabit  the  Bannat 
and  other  counties  in  the  S.  and  E. ;  of  the  minor 
tribes,  the  chief  are  Greeks,  Armenians,  Jews, 
and  Gypsies. — The  constitution  of  Hungary  is  a 
compound  of  monarchy  and  aristocracy.  The 
inhabitants  consist  of  three  classes,  nobles,  citi- 
zens, arid  peasants.  All  political  rights  are  en- 
joyed by  the  two  former,  who  assume  to  them- 
selves the  title  of  the  nation,  while  the  peasantry 
are  treated  as  an  inferior  race.  The  latter  alone 
pay  taxes.  The  whole  number  of  nobles  is  about 
326,000.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  tobac- 
co, wine,  and  wool.  The  imports  are  chiefly 
manufactured  goods  and  colonial  produce.  The 
revenue  is  between  3,000,000/.  and  4,000,000/ 
sterling,  forming  nearly  one-third  of  the  whole 
revenue  of  Austria.  The  standing  army  consists 
of  63,000  men.  There  is  also  the  permanent  mi- 
litia, established  in  a  tract  of  countrv  alon^r  the 


southern  frontier ;  in  this  district,  every  man  is 
born  a  soldier.  The  district  is  governed  by  a 
military  constitution,  and  the  inhabitants  are  ex- 
empted from  taxes,  on  condition  of  being  ready 
to  take  arms,  Avhen  called  on  by  government. — 
The  numbers  of  the  different  religious  sects,  in- 
cluding Sclavonia  and  Croatia,  are  estimated  as 
follows  :  Roman  Catholics,  4,000,000,  Greeks 
2,500,0(X),Calvinists  l,300,000,Lutherans  700,000, 
Jews  80,000.  The  Protestants  were  formerly  op- 
pressed, but  since  the  time  of  Joseph  II.  (1780,) 
there  has  been  complete  toleration,  and  all  sects 
are  now  zealous  in  support  of  the  Austrian  govern- 
ment. 

Hungerford,  t.  Eng.  partly  in  Berkshire  and 
partly  in  Wiltshire,  on  the  Kennet,  25  m.  W. 
Reading,  64  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  30'  W.  Lat.  51° 
24'  N.  Pop.  1,300. 

Hungerford,  t.  Hastings  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Hungry  bay,  N.  Y.  in  Lake  Ontario,  on  which  is 
Sacketts  harbor.  It  affords  good  anchorage,  and 
safe  shelter  for  the  largest  vessels. 

Hungry  toun,  p-t.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

Huningen,  or  Huningue,  a  fortress  in  the  east 
of  France,  on  the  Rhine,  once  of  great  strength, 
but  demolished  since  1816  ;  16  m.  E.  Altkirch. 
Lon.  7-  33'  E.  Lat.  47°  41'  N. 

Hunmanby,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  fr.  Brid- 
lington. 

Hunt,  Point,  the  N.  cape  of  Pitt's  Archipelago. 
Lon.  229°  48'  E.  Lat.  54°  10'  N. 

Huntau,  small  r.  East  Prussia,  which  falls  into 
the  Frisch  Haff. 

Hunte,  r.  Westphalia,  which  flows  through  the 
lake  called  Dummersee,  and  passing  by  Olden- 
burg, runs  into  the  Weser  about  20  m.  below. 

Dunter,  formerly  Greenland,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 

Hunter,  Cape,  cape  on  the  -S.  W.  coast  of  New 
Georgia.  Lon.  160°  3'  E.  Lat.  9°  42'  N. 

Hunter'' s  Isles,  cluster  of  islands  off  the  N.  W. 
extremity  of  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Lon.  145°  E. 
Lat.  40°  30' S. 

Hunter,  Port,  harbor,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  in  S.  lat.  33°. 

Hunterdon,  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  river,  in- 
closed by  the  counties  of  Sussex,  Morris,  Somer- 
set, and  Cumberland,  and  by  Delaware  river. 
Pop.  24,553.  Chief  town,  Trenton. 

Hunterstown,  t.  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower  Canada, 
28  m.  N.  W.  Three-Rivers. 

Hunterstoum,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  25  m.  W.  York. 

Huiitersville,  p-v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 

Hunting  Creek,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Po- 
tomac, at  the  S.  corner  of  Columbia  district. 

Hunting  creek  town,  v.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  18 
m.  N.  E.  Cambridge. 

Huntingdon,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  North- 
amptonshire, E.  by  Cambridgeshire,  S.  by  Cam- 
bridgeshire and  Bedfordshire,  and  W.  by  North- 
amptonshire. Extent,  210,000  acres,  or  340  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  in  1811,  42,208.  Families,  8,808  ;  of 
which  number  5,36 1  are  engaged  in  agriculture, 
2,205  in  trade,  &:c.  and  1,242  otherwise. 

Huntingdon,  t.  Eng.  cap.  of  Huntingdonshire, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  which  is  here  naviga- 
ble for  barges  and  small  vessels.  It  is  a  borough, 
and  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  Pop.  in 
1811,  2,397.  15  m.  N.  W.  Cambridge,  58i  N. 
London.  Lon.  0°  10'  W.  Lat.  52°  20'  N. 

Huntingdon,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Huntingdon,  t.  Hastings  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Huntingdon,  co.  Pa,  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 


H  U  R 


H  Y  D 


333 


Centre,  Mifflin,  Franklin,  Bedford,  and  Cambria. 
Pop.  14,778. 

Huntingdon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Juniatta,  50  m.  above  its 
mouth,  129  E.  Pitbburg,  186  W.  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,698. 

Huntingdon,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,014. 

Huntingdon,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,114. 

Huntingdmi,  East,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,267. 

Huntingdon,  North,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  3,345. 

Huntingdon,  South,  t.  Westmoreland,  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,656. 

Hunting  sound,  channel  on  the  coast  of  N.  C. 
between  Core  bank  and  the  main. 

Huntington,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  15  m.  S.  E. 
Burlington.  Pop.  514. 

Huntington,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Housa- 
tonnuc,  which  separates  it  from  Derby,  17  m.  W. 
New-Haven.     Pop.  2,770. 

Huntington,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  on  Long-Island,  N. 
Y.  40  m.  E.  New- York.  Pop.  4,424.  It  extends 
across  the  island  from  the  sound  to  the  Atlantic, 
and  contains  5  houses  of  public  worship.  The 
village  of  Huntington  is  built  on  a  bay  which  sets 
up  from  the  sound.  Here  is  an  academy.  On 
Eaton's  neck,  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  town,  is  a  light- 
house. 

Huntington,  p-v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

Huntington,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  N.  W. 
Gallipolis.  Pop.  in  1815,  255. 

Huntington,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  3  ra. 
S.  Chillicothe.'  Pop.  in  1818,  1,025. 

Huntington,  t.  Brown  co.Ohio. 

Huntingtown,  p-t.  Calvert  co.  Md.  on  Hunting 
creek,  22  m.  N.  E.  Port  Tobacco,  40  fr.  Annapolis. 

Huntly,  t.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Bogie  with  the  Deveron,  28  m. 
N.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Huntsburg,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  36  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Burlington.   Pop.  714. 

HunVs  mills,  p-v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

Huntspill,  pari.sh,  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  7  m. 
N.  Bridgewater.   Pop.  1,119. 

Huntsville,  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Huntscille,  p-v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

Huntsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Alabama, 
near  the  head  waters  of  Indian  creek,  a  little  N. 
of  Tennessee  river,  120  m.  from  the  falls  of  Black- 
warrior,  113  S.  Nashville,  (Ten.)  Lon.  87°  W. 
Lat.  34°  30'  N.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tains a  court-house,  market,  printing  office,  bank, 
and  about  100  houses.  The  town  is  supplied  with 
good  water.  It  is  in  a  fertile  country,  and  is  rap- 
idly increasing. 

Huntsville,  p-v.  Robertson  co.  Ten. 

Hunyad,  t.  Transylvania,  44  m.  S.  W.  Hermen- 
stadt. 

Hurdivar,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Ganges,  near  where  that  river  issues  from  the 
mountains.  It  is  one  of  the  celebrated  places  of 
Hindoo  purification,  86  m.  N.  of  Delhi.  Lon.  78° 
2*  E.  Lat.  29°  57'  N. 

Huriel,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  6  m.  N.  W.  Mont- 
lucon. 

Hurley,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  3  m.  W.  Kingston. 
Pop.  1,333. 

Huron,  one  of  the  great  lakes  on  the  boun- 
dary between  the  U.  S.  and  Canada.  Its  greatest 
length  from  E.  to  W.  is  218  miles,  and  from  N.  to 
S.  180,  and  it  is  estimated  to  contain  5,000,000 
acres.    Lon.  00°  10'  to  81°  30'  W.   Lat.  43°  20'  to 


46°  10'  N.  On  its  N.  W.  side  it  receives  the  wa- 
ters of  Lake  Superior  through  the  river  St.  Ma- 
ry's, and  is  connected  with  Lake  Michigan  by  the 
straits  of  Michilimackinac.  It  discharges  itself  at 
its  southern  extremity,  through  St.  Clair  river, 
into  Lalce  St.  Clair.  The  Manatoulin  islands 
stretch  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  northern  side  of 
the  lake  for  160  miles.  Many  of  them  are  from 
20  to  30  miles  long,  by  10,  12,  and  15  broad  ;  be- 
sides this  great  chain,  there  are  many  others  of  in- 
ferior dimensions,  which  render  the  navigation  in- 
tricate, and  in  some  places,  particularly  towards 
the  west  end,  dangerous.  The  shores  of  this  lake 
are  represented  as  sterile ;  but  they  have  been 
very  imperfectly  explored.  The  steam-boat  from 
Lake  Erie  occasionally  makes  a  trip  across  thi3 
lake  to  Mackinaw. 

Huron,  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie  and  Sandusky 
bay.     Chief  town,  Avery. 

Huron,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N.  E.  Avery, 
47  W.  Cleaveland. 

Huron,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  6 
m.  E.  Sandusky  bay. 

Huron  of  Erie,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which 
falls  into  Lake  Erie  not  far  below  the  mouth  of 
Detroit  river.     It  is  boatable  50  or  60  miles. 

Huron  of  St.  Clair,  r.  Michigan  Territory, 
which  issues  from  a  chain  of  small  lakes  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Pontiac,  and  flows  into  Lake  St. 
Clair  about  20  m.  above  Detroit. 

Hurreepore,  district,  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between 
32°  and  33°  N.  lat. 

Hurrial,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  89°  17' E.  Lat.240 19' N, 
Hurrianeh.     See  Hissar  Ferozeh. 
Hurricane,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Missouri. 
Hurst  Castle,  fortress,  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  at 
the  point  of  a  remarkable  tongue  of  land,  scarcely 
200  yards  over  at  high  water,  yet  projecting  two 
miles  into  the  sea  towards  the  Isle  of  Wight,  2  m. 
W.  of  Yarmouth  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Lon.  1°  33' 
E.  Lat.  50°  42'  N. 

Hurst  Monceaux.     See  Hertsmonceaux. 
Hits,  Husch,  or  Hussu,  t.  Moldavia,  on  the 
Pruth,  70  m.  S.  W.  Bender.   Lon.  28°  34'  E.  Lat. 
46°  35'  N. 

Husinecz,  or  Hussenilz,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the 
Blanitz,  the  native  place  of  John  Huss,  4  m.  N. 
Prachatitz. 

Hussenabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Mulwah,  on  the  Nar- 
buddah.  Lon.  77°  54'  E.  Lat.  22°  42'  N. 

Hustnapore,  or  Hustinagara,  city.  Hind,  in 
Delhi,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  about  50  m. 
N.E.Delhi.   Lon.  77°  56' E.  Lat.  29°  7' N. 

Husum,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  Aue,  16  m.  W, 
Sleswick.  Lon.  9°  4'  42"  E.  Lat.  54°  28'  59"  N. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Huttany,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  75°  20'  E. 
Lat.  16°  59' N. 

Huttenberg,  t.  Lower  Carinthia,  25  m.  N.  E. 
Clagenfurt. 

Huttonsville,  p-v.  Randolph  co.  Va. 
Huttu-eil,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Berne,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Berne. 

Huy,  or  Hoye,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Maese,  16 
m.  E.  Namur.  Lon.  5°  11'  E.  Lat.  50°  30' N. 
Hy.     See  lona. 

Hyaron,  small  isl.  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
near  the  coast  of  Morea,  between  the  gulfs  of  Na- 
poli  and  Engia. 

Hyde,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  4  m.  N.  E.  Stockport. 
Pop.  1,806. 

Hyde,  co.  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Pop.  6,029. 
Staves,  1,852.  Chieftown,  Germantown. 


9SH 


I  B  U 


Hyde  parky  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  34  m.  N.  Mont- 
pclier.     Pop.  261. 

Hyde  park,  p-v.  in  Clinton,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
8  m.  N.  Poughkeepsie.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Hyderabad,  province,  Hind,  formerly  called  Te- 
lingana,  and  afterwards  Golcondah,  situated  chief- 
ly between  16°  and  19°  N.  lat.  .and  strictly  speak- 
ing;, comprising  the  country  between  the  rivers 
Godavery  and  Kistna.  The  term  is  frequently 
used  in  a  much  more  extensive  sense,  and  applied 
to  all  the  territories  of  the  Nizam,  including  the 
provinces  of  Bedcr  and  Nandere,  part  of  Dowlet, 
or  Aurungabad,  partof  Bejapore,  and  part  of  Be- 
rar.  The  nizam  is  supported  in  his  authority  by  a 
British  force  of  10,000  fighting  men,  and  by  trea- 
ties of  alliance  offensive  and  defensive. 

Hyderabad,  or  Bagnagar,  the  capital  of  the 
above  province,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Musa, 
about  6  m.  from  the  strong  fortress  of  Golcondah. 
It  is  a  fine  and  populous  city,  of  about  7  miles  in 
circumference,  and  surrounded  by  a  stone  wall. 
I.on.  78°  52'  E.  Lat.  17°  17'  N. 

Hyderabad,  city,  Hindostan,  and  cap.  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus.  Lon.  68°  41'  E.  Lat. 
25°  22'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 


I  C  E 

Hyderabad.    See  Soory. 

Hydergur,  fortress,  India,  in  Mysore,  which 
commands  the  road  from  the  portof  Cundapore  to 
the  city  of  Bednore.     14  m.  S-  W.  Bednore. 

Hydra,  or  Idra,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  the  Morea,  10  miles  long  and 
2  broad.  It  is  rocky  and  little  cultivated,  but  very 
populous  and  commercial.  The  number  of  vessels 
amounts  to  200,  carrying  from  100  to  400  tons  each, 
and  in  general  well  equipped.  They  trade  to 
France,  Spain,  Italy,  and  other  countries.  The 
sEulow  are  considered  the  most  intrepid  in  the  Ar- 
chipelago. At  a  large  school  established  in  the 
island,  the  ancient  Greek  is  taught.  Lon.  23^^  30' 
E.  Lat.  37°  20'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Hydrah,  or  Hedra,  t.  Tunis,  on  the  frontier  of 
Algiers,  distinguished  by  very  extensive  ruins. 
150  m.  S.  W.  Tunis. 

Hyllekrog,  small  isl.  of  the  Baltic,  belonging  tor 
Denmark.     Lon.  1 1°  32' E.  Lat.  54°  36' N. 

Hythe,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  and  one  of  the  cinque 
ports,  but  its  harbour  gradually  filling  up,  the 
trade  has  declined.  Pop.  2,318.  9  m.  S.  W.  Do- 
ver, 67  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  5'  E.  Lat.  &1°" 
4'  N. 


I. 


Ibabao,  or  lamao,  one  of  the  Philippine  isi- 
lands.     Lat.  11°  30' 13'' N. 

Ibague,  t.  New  Granada,  70  m.  W.  S.  W.  Santa 
Fe.     Lon.  75°  18'  W.  Lat.  4°  28'  N. 

Ibarra,  t.  S.  America,  42  m.  N.  E.  Quito.  Lon. 
77°  55'  W.  Lat.  0°  20'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Ibarra,  settlement,  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  27 
m.  from  Zacatecas.  Lon.  101°  24'  W.  Lat.  22° 
32'30''N. 

Ibbtnbuhren,  t.  Hanover,  12  m.  N.  W.  Osna- 
bruck.    Pop.  1,300. 

Ibberville,  or  Bayou  Manchac,  r.  Louisiana,  one 
of  the  outlets  of  the  Mississippi.  It  leaves  the  main 
stream  at  Manchac,  20  m.  below  Baton  rouge,  and 
after  an  E.  course  of  20  miles,  receives  Amite  riv- 
er ;  thence  its  course  is  S.  E.  40  miles,  until  it 
joins  Lake  Maurepas.  It  is  navigable  three  months 
in  the  year  for  vessels  drawing  3  or  4  feet  water, 
but  during  the  rest  of  the  year,  it  is  entirely  dry, 
from  the  Mississippi  to  the  mouth  of  Amite  river. 

Ibberville,  co.  Louisiana.     Pop.  2,679. 

Ibberville,  p-v.  Ibberville  co.     Louisiana. 

Iberi,  or  Caracaras,  lake,  S.  America,  between 
the  rivers  Parana  and  Uraguay,  in  28°  and  29°  S. 
lat.     It  is  more  than  100  miles  long,  and  40  broad. 

Ibi,  t  Spain,  in  Valencia,  61  m.  N.  bv  W.  Va- 
lencia.    Pop.  3,200. 

Ibleam,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Manasseh. 

Ibopeluba,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lat.  25°  33'  S. 

Ibrahim  Bassa,  (an.  Adonis,)  r.  Syria,  which 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean,about5m.  S.  Gihelet. 

Ibraila.     See  Brahilow. 

Ibraim,  r.  Persia,  which  runs  into  the  Persian 
gulf,  6  m.  S.  W.  Mina. 

Ibrim,  t  Nubia,  in  Africa,  on  the  Nile,  120  m.  S. 
Syene. 

Iburg,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Colbeck,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Omabruck,  30  N.  E.  Munster. 


lea.     See  Putumayu. 

lea,  a  province  of  Peru,  bordering  on  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean.  It  is  50  leagues  long,  from  N.  to  S.  and 
24  broad.  lea,  the  capital,  is  140  m.  E.  S.  E.  Li- 
ma, 25  S.  by  E.  Pisco.  Lon.  75°  28'  W.  Lat.  13= 
50'  S. 

league,  cape,  St.  Domingo,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  bay  of  Samana.     Lat.  19°  2'  N. 

Iceland,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  belonging  to 
Denmark,  about  280  m.  long  from  E.  to  W.  and 
210  from  N.  to  S.  Extent,  40,000  square  miles. 
95  m.  from  Greenland,  220  from  the  Faroe  isles, 
and  330  from  Drontheim  in  Norway.  Lat.  63° 
to  67°  N.  Lon.  12°  to  25°  W.  Pop.  50,000.  Its 
surface  is  rugged  and  mountainous  ;  its  soil  pro- 
duces no  corn,  and  hardly  any  of  the  necessaries 
of  life.  No  part  of  the  globe  presents  such  a  num- 
ber of  volcanic  mountains,  so  many  boiling  springs, 
or  such  immense  tracts  of  lava.  Mount  Hekla  is 
the  principal  volcano.  It  is  5,000  feet  high,  and 
has  sometimes  thrown  out  stones  and  lava  to  the 
distance  of  150  miles.  There  have  been  16  great 
eruptions ;  but  with  one  exception,  (October 
1818,)  it  has  been  quiet  since  the  middle  of 
last  century.  The  spouting  springs  are  on  the 
west  side  of  the  island,  16  m.  N.  of  Skalholt. 
They  throw  into  the  air  great  jets  of  boiling  wa- 
ter, accompanied  with  a  noise  like  the  firing  of 
cannon.  The  height  of  the  jets  is  commonly  from 
90  to  100  feet ;  but  it  is  said  sometimes  to  exceed 
200.  The  exports  are  fish  of  all  kinds,  oil,  tallow, 
butter,  wool,  worsted  stockings,  down,  and  feath- 
ers ;  also  the  skins  of  sheep,  foxes,  and  other  ani- 
mals. The  food  of  the  Icelanders  consists  almost 
entirely  of  fish.  Their  manners  are  exceedingly 
simple  ;  and  they  display  a  strong  attachment  to 
their  native  land,  which,  in  their  estimate,  is  the 
finest  of  the  works  of  God.     They  are  grave,  and 


1  G  N 

in  general  religious.  Their  language  is  the  Goth- 
ic, and  has  been  preserved  with  little  change, 
while  Swedish  and  Danish,  derived  from  the  same 
source,  have  undergone  great  modifications. 
There  are  few  countries  where  a  greater  propor- 
tion of  the  inhabitants  are  accustomed  to  read, 
than  in  Iceland.  Their  stock  of  books  is  not  large, 
but  they  lend  to  each  other,  and  frequently  copy 
what  they  borrow.  A  distressing  scarcity  of  Bi- 
bles that  prevailed  throughout  the  island,  was  re- 
lieved by  a  liberal  distribution  from  Britain,  in 
1815  :  the  version  was  in  the  Icelandic,  and  was 
received  with  the  greatest  thankfulness  by  the 
poor  natives.  In  the  dark  ages,  when  continental 
Europe  was  immersed  in  such  ignoi*ance,  the  Ice- 
landers attained  a  high  degree  of  literary  improve- 
ment :  they  cultivated  poetry  with  success,  and 
their  historical  writings  are  still  considered  among 
the  most  authentic  documents  for  the  antiquities 
of  the  north.  The  religion  of  Iceland  is  the  Lu- 
theran.    The  number  of  churches  exceeds  300. 

Icolmkill.     See  lona. 

Iconiutn,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  city  of  Asia  Minor,  be- 
longing at  different  periods  to  Phrygia,  Lycaonia, 
Pisidia,  and  Cilicia.     Its  modern  name  is  Konieh. 

Icononso,  a  very  singular  pass  in  S.  America,  on 
the  road  from  Popayan  to  Santa  Fe. 

Icy  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  59°  58'  N. 

Icy  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  the  Frozen  sea.  Lon.  198^20'  E.  Lat.  70°  29'  N. 

Idanha  a  Velha,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beir^,  22  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Alfayates.  Lon.  6°  AW  W.  Lat.  39°  50' N. 

Idle,  r.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Trent  a  few  miles  before  its  conflux  with 
the  Ouse. 

Idones.     See  Llanes. 

Idra,  or  Idria.     See  Hydra. 

Idria,  t.  Austrian  empire,  in  the  new  kingdom 
of  lUyria,  in  the  circle  of  Adelsbei^,  remarkable 
for  its  mines,  particularly  those  of  quicksilver. 
The  annual  produce  of  the  mines  is  about  360,000 
lbs.  of  metal,  of  which  nearlv  half  is  mercury.  28 
m.  W.  Laybach,  32  N.  N.  E.  Trieste.  Lon.  14° 
8' E.  Lat.  46°  N.     Pop.  3,600. 

Idstein,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  and  the  resi- 
dence of  the  duke.  16  m.  N.  Mentz,  27  S.  W. 
Wetzlar.  Lon.  8°  12'  E.  Lat.  50°  12'  N.  Pop. 
2,000. 

i/;small  isl.  France,  with  a  strong  castle.  3  m. 
8.  S.  W.  Marseilles. 

Igd,  or  Jligle,  v.  Prussian  province  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Moselle  and 
iBarre,  6  m.  S.  W.  Treves. 

Igg,  t.  Lower  Carinthia,  on  the  river  Igg,  6  ra. 
S.  by  W.  Laybach. 

Igiguinsk,  or  Igunskoi,  small  circle  of  A.  Russia, 
in  Irkutsk,  on  a  gulf  of  the  same  name,  connected 
with  the  sea  of  Ochotsk. 

Igla,  or  Iglawa,  small  r.  Moravia,  which  falls 
into  the  Theya,  near  Unterwisternitz. 

Iglau,  t.  Moravia,  near  the  river  Igla,  and  cap. 
of  the  circle  of  Iglau.  Here  are  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  woollens.  The  trade  in  corn,  hops, 
and  hemp,  is  also  considerable.  62  m.  S.  E.  Prague, 
122  S.  E.  Dresden.  Lon.  15°  36'  E.  Lat.  49°  23' 
N.     Pop.  i  1,000. 

Iglesias,  t.  Sardinia,  on  a  small  bay,  34  m.  W. 
Cagliari.     Lon.  9°  E.  Lat.  39°  15' N.    Pop.  6,000. 

Iglo,  or  Neudorf,  t.  Hungary,  in  Zips,  on  the 
Hernalt,  6  m.  S.  Leutschau.     Lon.  20°  34'  45"  E. 
Lat.  48°  56'  30 "  N.     Pop.  5,300. 
Ignace,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  strait 


I  L  L 


335^ 


between  lake  Huron  and  lake  Michigan,  about  8 
m.  W.  of  Mackinaw. 

Igrande,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  6  m.  S.  W.  Bour- 
bon I'Archambaut.     Pop.  1,700. 

Iguala,  t.  Mexico,  105  m.  S.  E.  Mexico. 

Igualada,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Noya, 
26  m.  E.  by  S.  Cervera,  34  W.  N.  W.  Barcelona. 

Igualapa,  t.  Mexico,  170  m.  S.  S.  E.  Mexico. 
Lon.  98°  40'  W.  Lat.  16°  39'  30"  N. 

Iguatimy,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  Parana 
a  little  above  the  falls,  in  lat.  23°  47'  S. 

Iguatu,  r.  Brazil,  in  Matto  Grosso,  which  falls 
into  the  Paraguay  after  it  passes  through  lake 
Xarayes. 

Iguereula,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  69  m.  N.  Mur- 
cia.     Lat.  38°  45'  N.    Lon.l0  7'W.     Pop.  2,100. 

Ihna,  Great,  r.  Prussia,  which  forms  the  boun- 
dary between  the  New  Mark  of  Brandenburg 
and  Pomerania,  passes  by  Stargard,  and  falls  into 
the  Frische  Haf,  9  m.  below  Damme. 

Ikeby,  t.  India,  in  xMysore.  Lon.  76°  7'  E.  Lat, 
14°  6'  N. 

Ila.     See  May. 

Ilamba,  province  of  Angola,  in  Africa. 

Hans,  or  Ilantz,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  the  Grisons^ 
at  the  influx  of  the  Glenner  into  the  Rhine,  40  m. 
S.  E.  Lucerne.     Lon.  9°  10'  E.  Lat.  46°  45'  N. 

Ilchester,  or  Ivelchesier,  borough,  Eng.  in  Somer- 
set CO.  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Yeo,  or  Ivel.  It  re- 
turns 2  members  to  parliament.  It  is  celebrated 
as  the  birth-place  of  Roger  Bacon.  Pop.  in  1811, 
610.  122  or  124  m.  W.  S.  W.  London,  43  N.  N. 
E.  Exeter.     Lon.  2°  41°  W.  Lat.  51°  N, 

Ildinskoi,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  A.  Russia. 
Lon.  164°  14'  E.  Lat.  59°  15'  N. 

He,  L\  t.  France,  on  the  Tame,  6  m.  S.  W 
Gaillac.     Pop.  5,400. 

He,  U,  small  r.  France,  falls  into  the  Dordognc 
near  Libourne. 

lie  Adam,  U ,  t.  France,  on  the  Oise,  8  m.  N„ 
Versailles. 

lie  Bar1)e,  Z.',  small  isl.  France,  in  Saone,  3  m^ 
N.  Lyons. 

He  de  Sains,  small  isl.  France,  S.  W.  of  Brest. 

He  Dieu,  L\  t.  France,  on  an  island  of  thesame 
name,  19  m.  S.  Noirmoutier.  Lon.  2°  19'  35''  W. 
Lat.  46°  42'  26"  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

He  Jourdain,  U,  t.  France,  on  the  Save,  7  ra. 
E.  Auch.  Lon.  1°  3'  E.  Lat.  43°  40'  N.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Ilefeld,  t.  Hanover,  in  Gottingen.  Its  high 
school  is  one  of  the  most  noted  schools  in  the  north 
of  Germany.     6  m.  N.  Nordhausen. 

He's  mills,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Ken. 

Ilford,  Great,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  6|  m.  N.  E.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  2,462. 

Ilfracombe,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Bristol  channel.  Its  harbor  is  the  safest 
and  most  commodious  on  this  coast.  It  carries  on 
a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  in  ore,  com,  &c.  from 
Cornwall  and  Devonshire  to  Bristol.  10  m.  N, 
Barnstaple,  206  W.  S.  VV.  London.  Lon.  4°  6'  W. 
Lat.  51°  13'  N.     Pop.  1,934. 

Ilhavo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  28  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Coimbra.     Pop.  4,200. 

Ilheos,  s-p.  Brazil,  and  cap.  of  the  province  oi 
Ilheos,  at  the  mouth  of  Ilheos  river,  93  m.  N.  Porto 
Seguro.     Lon.  39°  42'  N.  Lat.  14°  34'  S. 

Ilim,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Anguri. 
Lon.  102°  2'  E.  Lat.  57°  25'  N. 

Ilinski,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena. 
56  m.  N.  E.  Kirensk. 

Ill,  or  Ell,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Rhittf- 


336 


I  L  L 


near  Strasburg.  It  is  navigable  for  small  vesoeis 
from  Colmar. 

Ilk,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  10  m.  W. 
Perpignan.     Pop.  2,000. 

llle,  small  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Dor- 
dogne,  near  Libourne. 

llle,  small  r.  France,  which  joins  the  Vilaine, 
near  Rennes :  the  two  give  name  to  the  following 
department. 

Ille  and  Vilaine,  department,  in  the  N.  W.  of 
France,  bordering  on  the  English  channel.  Ex- 
tent, 2,750  square  miles.  Pop.  508,000.  Rennes 
is  the  capital. 

Iller,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  the  mountains 
of  the  Tyrol,  and  falls  into  the  Danube,  near 
Ulm. 

Illertissen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iller,  12  m.  S.  Ulm. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Jllesca^,  t.  Spain,  20  m.  S.  S.  W,  iVIadrid,  17  N. 
N.  E.  Toledo.     Pop.  5,700. 

Illiers,  t.  France,  on  the  Loir,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Chartres.     Pop.  2,700. 

Illinois,  r.  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Kan- 
kakee apd  the  Desplanes,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  In- 
diana, and  traversing  the  State  of  Illinois  in  a  S. 
W.  direction  nearly  400  miles,  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi, in  lat.  32°  18'  N.  18  m.  above  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri,  1,168  above  New  Orleans,  1,400  fr. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  on  lake  Erie.  The  river  is  400 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  It  has  a  gentle  current, 
unbroken  by  rapids,  and  is  navigable  for  boats 
throughout  its  course.  The  Desplanes,  one  of  its 
branches,  interlocks  with  the  Chicago,  a  river 
of  lake  Michigan,  and  a  canal  is  in  contemplation 
to  open  a  navigation  between  them. 

Illinois,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  the  N. 
W- territory;  E.  by  Indiana;  S.  by  Kentucky; 
and  W.  by  Missouri.  It  extends  from  87°  17'  to 
9F  50'  W.  Ion.  and  from  lat.  37°  to  42°  30'  N. 
Extent,  about  50,000  sq.  miles,  or  32,000,000 
acres.  Pop.  in  1810,  12,282;  in  1818,  35,220; 
and  in  1820,  50,395.  The  state  is  bordered  on 
three  sides  by  the  great  rivers  Wabash,  Ohio,  and 
Mississippi;  its  N.  E.  corner  touches  upon  lake 
Michigan,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  and 
Kaskaskia,  which  run  from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  into 
the  Mississippi.  The  settlements  at  present  are 
principally  confined  to  the  banks  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, the  Kaskaskia  and  its  branches,  and  there 
are  a  few  on  the  Wabash  and  the  Ohio.  The 
northern  and  central  parts  of  the  state  have  been 
very  imperfectly  explored.  In  1817,  there  were 
in  Illinois  upwards  of  16,000,000  acres  of  land  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  obtained  by  pur- 
chase from  the  Indians.  The  portion  of  these 
lands  lying  between  the  Illinois  and  the  Missis- 
sippi, has  been  assigned  by  Congress  as  bounty 
lands  to  the  soldiers  who  enlisted  during  the  late 
war.  The  whole  amount  surveyed  is  about 
5,530,000  acres,  equal  to  8,640  sq.  miles,  and  is 
divided  into  240  townships.  This  land  is  repre- 
sented to  be  of  an  excellent  quality. 

The  greater  part  of  the  state  is  either  flat  or 
rolling.  Extensive  prairies  constitute  two-thirds 
of  its  surface.  The  soil  may  be  divided  into 
six  classes,  1.  Bottoms,  bearing  a  heavy  growth 
of  timber.  This  land  is  of  the  first  quality,  and  is 
found  on  all  the  principal  rivers.  It  varies  in 
width  from  50  rods  to  2  miles,  and  is  of  inexhaust- 
ible fertility.  2.  Newly  formed  land  found  at  the 
mouths  of  rivers.  There  are  many  thousand 
acres  oi  this  land  at  the  mouth  oi  the  Wabash, 


I  L  L 

and  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio  with  the  .Mu' 
sissippi.  It  is  annually  inundated,  and  is  very 
unhealthy.  3.  Dry  prairies,  approaching  the 
rivers  and  bordering  on  the  bottom  land,  but 
elevated  from  30  to  100  feet.  The  prairies  of  the 
Illinois  river  are  the  most  extensive  of  any  east  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  have  alone  been  estimated  at 
1,200,000  acres.  This  soil  is  not  inferior  to  the 
first  rate  river  bottoms.  4.  Wet  prairie,  found  re- 
mote from  river?,  or  at  their  sources.  The  soil  is 
generally  cold  and  barren,  abounding  with  swamps 
and  ponds,  and  covered  with  a  tall  coarse  grass. 
5.  Timbered  land,  moderately  hilly,  well  water- 
ed, and  of  a  rich  soil.  6.  Hilk,  of  a  sterile  soil, 
and  destitute  of  timber,  or  covered  with  stinted 
oaks  and  pines. — Corn  is  at  present  the  staple  pro- 
duction. Wheat  does  well,  except  on  the  bot- 
toms, where  the  soil  is  too  rich.  Tobacco  grows 
to  great  perfection.  Flax,  hemp,  oats,  Irish  and 
sweet  potatoes,  do  as  well  as  in  Kentucky.  Among 
the  minerals  are  iron,  coal,  and  copper.  Salt 
springs  also  are  numerous. 

Illinois  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1818. 
At  the  time  of  its  admission,  the  government  of 
the  U.  S.  granted  to  the  State  on  certain  condi- 
tions, one  section  or  thirty-sixth  part  of  every 
township  for  the  support  of  schools ;  and  three  per 
cent,  of  the  net  proceeds  of  the  U.  S.  lands,  lying 
within  the  State,  for  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
ing, of  which  one-sixth  part  must  be  exclusively 
bestowed  on  a  college  or  university.  As  a  farther 
provision  for  the  university,  two  entire  townships 
have  been  given  to  the  legislature.  Two  per  cent, 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  U.  S.  lands  are  also  to  be 
expended  under  the  direction  of  Congress,  in 
making  roads  leading  to  the  State.  As  the  condi- 
tion of  these  grants,  the  convention  which  formed 
the  constitution  of  the  State,  provided  by  an  ordi- 
nance, which  is  irrevocable  without  the  consent 
of  the  U.  S.  that  all  lands  sold  by  the  U.  S.  shall 
be  exempt  from  taxation  for  five  years  from  the 
day  of  sale ;  also,  that  the  bounty  lands  granted 
for  military  services,  during  the  late  war,  shall,  if 
they  continue  to  be  held  by  the  patentees,  or  their 
heirs,  remain  exempt  from  taxes  for  three  years 
from  the  date  of  the  patents ;  and  that  the  lands 
belonging  to  the  citizens  of  the  U.  S.  residing 
without  the  State,  shall  never  be  taxed  higher 
than  lands  belonging  to  persons  residing  therein. 
The  constitution  provides  that  no  more  slaves  shall 
be  introduced  into  the  State.  The  seat  of  govern- 
ment, for  the  present,  is  at  Kaskaskia. 

A  canal  has  been  projected  to  unite  tlie  head 
waters  of  the  Illinois  with  lake  Michigan.  The 
Illinois,  and  the  Chicago,  a  southern  river  of  lake 
Michigan,  are  so  connected,  that  in  freshets  boats 
pass  readily  from  one  to  the  other.  See  Desplanes. 
For  the  improvement  of  this  navigation,  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  U.  S.  have  appropriated  100,000 
acres  of  land.  This  canal  will  open,  probably  at 
less  expense  than  any  other,  a  communication  be- 
tween the  great  lakes  and  the  Mississippi ;  but  as 
vessels,  in  reaching  it,  must  pass  through  the  straits 
of  Michilimackinac,  it  is  probable  that  some  other 
canal,  connecting  lake  Erie  more  directly  with  the 
Mississippi,  will  be  first  completed. 

Illinois  lake.     See  Pioria. 

Illogav,  parish,  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Redruth.'    Pop.  1,248. 

Illok,  t.  Austrian  empire,  on  the  Danube,  60  m 
W.  N.  W.  Belgrark.  Lon.  18°  8'  E.  Lat.  45' 
23'  N. 


i  iVI  o 

tilyria,  country,  in  the  S.  of  Europe,  bordering 
on  the  Adriatic,  the  extent  of  which  has  varied 
very  considerably  in  different  ages.  Since  1816, 
the  name,  Kingdomof  Illi/ria,  has  been  applied  to 
a  new  division  of  the  Austrian  empire,  composed 
of  the  former  territories  of  Carinthia,  Carniola, 
the  vicinity  of  Trieste,  Austrian  Friule,  the  can- 
ton of  Cividal,  Venetian  Istria,  a  part  of  Croatia, 
and  several  islands  in  the  gulf  of  Quarnero.  It 
lies  between  13°  14'  and  16°  E.  Ion.  and  44°  30' 
and  46°  25'  N.  lat.  and  is  divided  into  the  two 
governments  of  Laybach  and  Trieste,  the  former 
inland,  the  latter  maritime.  The  g^overnment  of 
Trieste  is  subdivided  into  the  circles  of  Trieste, 
Karlstadt,  Goritz,  and  Fiume;  the  government 
of  Laybach  into  the  circles  of  Laybach,  Neustadt, 
Adelsberg-,  Klagenfurt,  and  Villach,  Extent, 
13,508  sq.  miles.  Pop.  1,060,492.  See  CarMhia 
and  Car/iiola. 

Illyrimm,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Sclavonin. 

Ilm,  small  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Saale 
at  Subza,  7  m.  above  Naumberg. 

Ilm,  t.  Germany,  14  m.  W.  Rudalstadt,  17  S.  E. 
Erfurt.     Pop.  1,500. 

lime,  r.  Hanover,  which  falls  into  the  Leine,  4 
m.  S.  E.  Eimbeck. 

Ilmen,  called  by  the  Russians  Osero-Ilineri,  lake, 
Russia,  in  Novgorod,  about  48  miles  long,  and 
from  12  to  18  wide.  It  communicates  with  lake 
La»oda. 

llmenau,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe  Weimar,  on  the 
lime,  10  m.  E.  Schmalcalden.     Pop.  2,000. 

Ilmtnau,  or  yjue,  r.  Hanover,  which  fiUls  into 
the  Elbe,  12  m.  -6.  E.  Hamburgh. 

Ilminster,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  on  the  He,  32 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Exeter,  12  S.  E.  Taunton,  135  W.  S. 
W.  London,  Lon.  2'^  54'  W.  Lat.  50^  56'  N. 
Pop.  2,160. 

Ibnsladt,  t.  Germany,  in  Thuringia,  11  m.  W. 
Rudolstadt,  8  E.  S.  E.  Arnstadt. 

Ilo,  port  of  Peru,  in  lat.  17°  35'  S. 

Ilovla,  r.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Don,  at  fort 
Donskaia  in  the  Cossack  country. 

IlsenM'.rg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  lis,  4  nt. 
W.  VVernigerode. 

list,  or  Ylsf,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  14  m. 
S.  W.  Leeuwarden,  58  N.  E.  Amsterdam.  Lon. 
5°  35'  E.  Lat.  53°  3'  N. 

Ilsstadt,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Danube  and  the  lis,  opposite  Passau.  Lon.  13°  29' 
45"  E.    Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

hnbros,  isl.  of  the  Archipelago,  about  20  miles 
in  circumference.  Lon.  25°  46' E.  Lat.  40°  10' N. 
It  has  6  villages,  and  about  10,000  inhabitants. 

Imbst,  or  Uimst,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  the  Tyrol, 
near  the  Inn,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  lleutten.  Lon.  10°  43' 
E.  Lat.  47°  14'  N.  Pop.  2,200. 

Imirelta,  country,  Asia,  north  of  Persia.  It 
stretches  along  the  southern  limit  of  Caucasus,  hav- 
ing the  Black  sea  on  the  W.  and  Georgia  on  the 
E.  and  lies  between  43  -  and  44°  N.  lat.  In  1784, 
it  acknowledged  the  supremacy  of  Russia ;  but 
the  internal  government  is  in  a  great  measure  in- 
dependent.    The  capital  is  Cotatis,  on  the  Phasis. 

Immenhausen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  electorate 
of  Hesse,  7  m.  N.  Cassel.     Pop.  1,250. 

Immenstadl,  t.  Bavaria.  13  m.  S.  by  W.  Kemp- 
ten. 

Imola,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  on  a 
small  island  formed  by  the  Santerno.  It  is  sur- 
rounded with  walls,  towers,  and  ditches,  and  de- 
fended by  a  strong  castle.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
In  Februarv,   1797.  an  action  was  fought  in  this 

43 


I  N  D 


337 


neighbourhood  between  the  Austrians  and  the 
French,  in  which  the  former  were  defeated.  18  m. 
S.  E.  Bologna,  40  N.  N.  £.  Florence.  Lon.  11°  32' 
E.  Lat.  44°  22'  I^.  Pop.  8,400. 

Imperial,  city.  Chili,  on  the  river  Catuen,  4  m. 
from  the  Pacific  ocean,  112  m.  S.  La  Conception. 
Lat.  38°  42'  S. 

Imst.     See  Imbst. 

Imuncina,  r.  Paraguay,  which  enters  the  Para- 
na in  lat.  12°  40'  S. 

Inacondo,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
34'  E.  Lat.  16°  1'  N. 

Ince,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  li  m.  E.  Wigan. 
Pop.  1,065. 

Incenada  de  Barragan,  t.  S .  America,  on  the 
Barragan,  at  its  union  with  the  Plata,  21  ra.  W. 
Buenos  Ay  res. 

Lich,  isl.  Ireland,  6  m.  N.  W.  Londonderry. 

Ificli,  or  Insch,  v.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire, 
26  m.  fr.  Aberdeen. 

Inch-Colm,  or  Columba,  (an.  Amonia,')  small 
isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Forth.  On  it  are  the 
remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey.  It  is  now  fortifi- 
ed. 2  m.  fr.  Aberdour.  Lon.  3°  18'  W.  Lat,  56° 
3'  N. 

Inch-Garvie,  small  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of 
Forth,  opposite  Queensferry. 

Inch-Keith,  small  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of 
Forth.  Lon.  3°  9'  W.  Lat.  56°  3'  N. 

Inch-Marnoch,  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of 
Clyde,  a  few  miles  S.  W.  of  Bute. 

Inch-Point,  cape,  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  13  m.  E. 
Dingle. 

Inchture,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  13  m.  fr. 
Dundee. 

Inchyra,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  on  the  river 
Tay,  8  m.  below  Perth. 

Incisa,  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  N.  Acqui,  14  S.  E.  Asti. 

Incisa^  t.  Tuscany,  on  the  Arno,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Florence. 

Indal,  r.  Sweden,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia  at  Sundswal. 

Indal,  t.  Sweden,  in  Medelpad,  16  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Sundswal. 

Independence,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  1,224, 

Independence,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 

Independence,  t.  and  cap.  Bond  co.  Illinois,  on 
Kaskaskia  river. 

Inderabia,  small,  isl.  near  the  mouth  of  the  Per- 
sian gulf.    Lat.  26°  40'  N. 

India,  or  East  Indies,  the  name  given  to  the  re- 
gion of  Asia,  lying  S.  of  Tartary,  and  between  Per- 
sia and  China,  with  the  islands  dependent  thereon. 
Besides  Hindostan,  it  contains  the  Birman  empire, 
the  kingdoms  of  Siam,  Cochin  China,  Tunquin, 
Tibet,  Japan,  Ceylon,  and  a  number  of  small  prin- 
cipalities. 

Indiana,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  Pa.  Pop.  6,214. 

Indiana,  p-t.  and  cap.  Indiana  co.  Pa,  26  m.  S. 
E.  Kittaning.  Pop.  200. 

Indiana,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.    Pop.  692. 

Indiana,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Michi- 
gan Territory ;  E.  by  Ohio ;  S.  by  Kentucky ;  and 
W.  by  Illinois.  It  lies  between  lat.  37°  45'  and 
41°  50' N.  and  between  lon.  84°  42'  and  87°  49' 
W.  Its  greatest  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  287  miles, 
and  its  breadth  is  155.  Extent,  38,000  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  in  1800,2,500;  in  1810,  24,520;  in  1815, 
68,784,  exclusive  of  Indians.  The  Ohio  forms  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  State.  Lake  Michigan 
touches  it  upon  the  north.  The  northern  part  of 
the  State  is  watered  by  the  Illinois,  and  the  rivers 
which  floAv  into  lake  Michigan  :  Imt  the  Wfeltas'li 


338 


1  N  D 


is  the  great  river  of  Indiana  ;  it  receives  the  wa- 
ters from  two-thirds  of  its  surface.  White  river, 
the  principal  tributary  of  the  Wabash,  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  which  spread  out  widely  through 
the  whole  southern  half  of  the  State.  White  wa- 
ter river  in  the  S.  E.  is  a  tributary  of  the  Miami. — 
The  white  population  in  1815  was  confined  to  the 
southern  part  of  the  State,  and  almost  entirely  to 
the  counties  bordering  directly  on  the  Wabash, 
the  Ohio,  and  the  White  water,  The  northern 
half  is  occupied  by  Indians,  and  has  been  very  im- 
perfectly explored.  A  ridge  of  hills  commences 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash,  and  runs  in  a  N. 
E.  direction  nearly  parallel  with  the  Ohio,  at  no 
great  distance,  producing  a  broken  and  uneven 
country.  North  of  these  hills  lie  the  flat  woods, 
70  miles  wide.  Bordering  on  all  the  principal 
streams,  except  the  Ohio,  there  are  strips  of  bot- 
tom and  prairie  land,  of  a  rich  soil,  usually  from  3 
to  6  miles  in  width.  The  prairies  on  the  Wabash 
are  the  finest  land  in  the  State.  Remote  from  the 
rivers  the  country  is  broken,  and  the  soil  light. 
Between  the  Wabash  and  lake  Michigan,  the  land 
is  mostly  level,  and  interspersed  with  woodlands, 
prairies,  lakes  and  swamps. 

The  principal  productions  are  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  rye,  flax,  hemp,  potatoes,  and  tobacco. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Vevay,  the  vine  is  cultivated 
with  success.  On  the  banks  of  the  Wabash,  in 
the  upper  part  of  its  course,  the  best  kind  of  coal 
id  found  in  inexhaustible  quantities  ;  and  near  the 
sources  of  several  of  the  navigable  rivers,  there 
are  salt  springs,  from  which  salt  in  abundance 
may  be  procured.  Near  Corydon  is  a  large  cave, 
abounding  witli  Epsom  salts  and  salt  petre. 

A  majority  of  the  people  of  Indiana  are  from 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Virginia,  and  the  Caroli- 
nas  ;  the  remainder  are  from  every  other  Slate  in 
the  Union  ;  and  from  almost  every  nation  in  Eu- 
rope. The  Indian  title  to  large  portions  of  fine 
land  has  been  recently  purchased  by  the  U.  S. 
and  the  number  of  immigrants  is,  in  consequence, 
rapidly  increasing.  Indiana  was  admitted  into 
the  Union  in  1816.  In  the  act  of  admission.  Con- 
gress granted  one  section,  or  one-thirty-sixth  j  trt 
of  each  township,  for  the  support  of  schools.  One 
entire  township,  or  23,040  acres,  said  to  be  worth 
on  an  average,  10  dollars  an  acre,  was  also  given 
for  the  support  of  a  college.  The  college  is  loca- 
ted at'Vincennes,  and  a  large  brick  building  is  al- 
ready erected.  The  State  is  highly  favored  in 
regard  to  inland  navigation.  The  Wabash  is 
boatable  to  its  source,  and  this  is  within  a  few 
miles  of  the  boatable  waters  of  the  Manmce,  which 
falls  into  lake  Erie.  A  canal  might  easily  be 
made  to  connect  them,  and  Congress  have  already 
assigned  100,000  acres  of  land  for  defraying  the 
.  expense  of  this  project.  Corydon  is  the  seat  of 
government.     Vincennos  is  the  largest  town. 

Indian  creek.,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Mi- 
ami from  the  west,  in  Butler  county. 

Indian  n-eek,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio  8  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river. 

Indian  Head,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land. Lon.  123^^  56'  E.  Lat.  25^  3'  S. 

Indian  Island,  isl.  of  Dusky  baj',  New  Zealand, 
4  m.  N.  Pickersgil  harbour. 

Indian  old  town,  isl.  and  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
in  PcnobEcot  river,  just  above  the  Great  Falls. 
Here  arc  about  100  families  of  Indians,  the  re- 
mains of  the  Penobscot  tribe,  with  a  Roman  Cath- 
olic church  and  priest. 

Indian  Reservation,    See  Ohio. 


1  N  G 

Indian  river^  small  arm  of  the  sea,  Washington 
ct'.  Maine,  setting  up  between  Addison  and  Jones- 
borougli. 

Indian  river,  N.  H.  one  of  the  sources  of  Con- 
necticut river.  It  unites  with  Leach  river  in  lat, 
45°  N.  after  a  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Indian  riser,  N.  Y.  which  rises  in  Lewis  co. 
and  after  a  course  of  100  mdes,  joins  the  Oswe- 
gatchie  7  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  river  St 
Lawrence. 

Indian  river,  r.  Sussex  co.  Del.  Its  mouth  is  in 
lat.  38°  10'  N.  Hi  m.  S.  Cape  Ilenlopen. 

Indian  river,  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Del. 

Indian  river,  r.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida.  It  rise? 
near  the  coast,  and  flowing  S.  enters  the  sea  in  Ion. 
80°  40'  W.  lit.  27°  30'  N. 

Indians,  a  name  given  to  the  Aborigines  of 
America.  They  are  divided  into  numerous  inde- 
pendent tribes,  strongly  resembling  each  other  in 
manners  and  customs.  They  subsist  by  hunting 
and  fishing.     See  the  ^'^ppendix. 

Indian  Sound,  bay  on  tlie  S.  coast  of  Patagonia^ 
communicating  with  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

Indian  town,  v.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Choptank,  3  m.  S.  W.  New  Market. 

Indian  town,  p-v.  Currituck  co.  N.  C.  31  m.  fr. 
Norfolk  Va.  59  E.  N.  E.  Edenton. 

Indian  town,  p-v.  Williamsburg  co.  S.  C. 

Indian  Wheeling,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio  opposite  Wheeling,  Va. 

Indies,  East.     See  India. 

Indies,  West.     See  West  Indies. 

Indigirka,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Fro- 
zen ocean,  in  lon.  144"  E.  lat.  73°  N. 

Indore,  city,  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  76°  10' 
E.  Lat.  22°  51'  N. 

Indus,  River,  also  called  the  Kilab  and  Sinde, 
great  river,  Asia,  which  rises  in  the  Himaleh 
mountains,  and  after  a  course  of  1,350  miles,  falls 
into  the  Indian  sea,  by  many  mouths,  between  lat- 
23°  20'  and  24°  40'  N. 

Indighur,  district,  Hind,  in  Malwah. 

/«c?ra/>oii!r,  district  of  the  islam!  of  Sumatra,  be- 
tween 2°  and  3°  S.  lat. 

Indre,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Loire  be- 
tween Saumur  and  Tours. 

Indre,  department,  France,  bounded  by  the  de- 
partments of  the  Loir-and-Cher,  Creuse,  Upper 
Vienne,  Vienne,  and  liidre-and-Loire.  Extent, 
2,860  square  miles.     Pop.  205,000. 

Indit-and-Loirp,  department,  France,  bounded 
by  the  departments  of  the  Loir-and-Cher,  the  In- 
dre, the  Vienne,  and  the  Maine.  Tours  is  the 
capital.     Pop.  275,000. 

Industry,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  13  m.  W^. 
Norridgewock.     Pop.  562. 

Ineh-holhi.     See  Aine-holi. 

Infantes,  Villa  Kuexa  de  los,  t.  Spain,  in  Nev. 
Co  stile,  20  m.  W.  Alcaraz.     Pop.  6,000. 

Infeclionado,  v.  Brazil,  in  Rio  Grande,  about  40 
ra.  from  Villa  Rica.     Pop.  1,500. 

Infreschi,  Cape,  in  the  bay  of  Naples.  Lon.  15^ 
28°  E.  Lat.  39°  59'  N. 

Ingarmss  Bay,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Pomona,  Scotland.  Lon.  2°  44'  W.  Lat.  58°  51'  N. 

Ingamachoix  Bay,  bay  on  the  Yi.  coast  of  New- 
ibundland,  5  m.  S.  Point  Rich. 

Ingatestone,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  23  m.  N.  E.  Lon- 
don. 

Ingelfingen,  t.  Wirtembui^,  on  the  Kocher,  43 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Stutgard. 

Ingelheim,  Ober,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the 
Selz.  9  m.  E.  Bingen. 


I  N  I 


I  N  V 


338 


Ingelmunster,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders, 
on  the  Mandelbeeke,  6  m.  N.  Courtray.  Pop. 
4,900. 

Ingeram,  t.  India,  in  the  northern  circars.  Lon. 
32'3p>3'E.  Lat.  16°  46' N. 

Ingeram,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca. 
Lon.  1010  26'E.  J.at.  3°  1;V  N. 

Ingershtim,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  3  m.  W. 
Colmar. 

JngersoWs  store,  p-v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

Ingkmare,  or  Cape  IVyck,  cape  on  the  N.  coast 
of  France,  VV.  of  Cape  Barlleur. 

IngksviUe,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 

Ingleton,  v,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  18  m.  N.  E.  Lan- 
caster.    Pop.  1,268. 

Inglis  Islatid,  long  isl.  on  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  near  the  entrance  into  the  gulf  of  Car- 
pentaria. 

Ingoda,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Amul, 
28  m.  \V.  Nertschinsk. 

Ingolstudt,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  one  of 
the  strongest  places  in  Germany.  A  university 
was  founded  here  in  1472,  and  continued  till  1800, 
when  it  was  transferred  to  Landshut.  35  m.  S.  W. 
Ratisbon,  43  N.Munich.  Lon,  11°  2&' E.  Lat. 
48°  45'  N.     Pop.  4,817. 

Ins;ouvillc,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  2  m.  N. 
Havre.     Pop.  4,200. 

Ingrahani's  isles,  islands  in  the  Pacific,  about  40 
leagues  N.  N.  W.  Marquesas  Islands.  Lon.  140^^ 
19'  to  141°  18'  W.  Lat.  Lat.  8°  3'  to  9°  24'  S. 

Ingraham^s  port,  harbour,  in  Washington  island, 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  183°  18'  W. 
Lat.  53°  37'  N. 

Ingrande,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  15  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,600, 

Ingre,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  3  m.  N.  W.  Orleans. 
Pop.  2,900. 

Ingrou-itz,  t.  Moravia,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Brunn. 
Pop.  1,050. 

Jngweiler,  t.  France,  21  m.  N.  N.  W.  Strasburg. 
Pop.  l,5tX>. 

Inhambane,  country  of  E.  Africa,  S.  of  Sabia 
and  Sofala.  The  Portuguese  keep  a  fort  here. 
Lat.  2301 5' S. 

Inia,  r.  Siberia,  which  falls  into  the  Lena.  Lat. 
55°  20'  N. 

Injambi.     See  Tiete. 

Injdlee.     See  Hijellce. 

Iniesta,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  51  m.  S.  by  E, 
Cuenca,  73  W.  Valencia. 

Inirita,  r.  New  Grenada,  which  falls  into  the 
Guaviari.     Lon.  68°  20'  W.  Lat.  4°  N. 

Inisbeg,  two  islands,  Ireland,  one  in  lon.  8°  23' 
W.  Lat.  55°  12'  N. ;  the  other  in  lon.  10°  22'  W. 
iat.  52°  T  N. 

Inis  Boffin,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  2'  \V.  Lat.  55°  10'  N. 

Inisdrisra,  isl.  Ireland,  in  Roaring-water  bay. 
Lon.  9°  23'  W.  Lat.  51°  27'  N. 

Inisfre,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  Lat. 
54°  57'  N. 

Inisglora,  isl.  Ireland.  Lon.  9°  57'  W.  Lat.  54° 
13'  N. 

Inisgoula,  isl.  Ireland.  Lon,  9°  30'  W.  Lat.  53° 
53' N.' 

Inishae,  isl,  Ireland.  Lon.  8°  T  W.  Lat.  53° 
29'  N. 

Inishark,  isl.  Ireland.  Lon.  10°  14'  W.  Lat.  53° 
34'  N. 

Inisham,  isl,  Ireland.  Lon.  9°  46'  W,  Lat.  53° 
57' N. 

Iniihegil,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  be- 


tween the  island  of  Achil  and  the  continent.    Lat, 
54°  N. 

Inisherkan,  isl.  Ireland.  Lon.  9°  19'  W,  Lat.  51"^' 
24'  N. 

Inishmcen  Head,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  6°  49'  W.  Lat.  55°  15'  N. 

Inishurin,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
Lon.  9°  59'  W.  lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Iniskea,  .N'orlh  and  South,  two  islands  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland.     Lon.  10^  \V.  Lat.  54°  9'  N. 

Iniskeel,  isl.  Ireland,  at  tlie  mouth  of  Guibarra 
river.     Lon.  8°  20'  W .  Lat,  54=^  51'  N. 

Inistioghe,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  Nore,  13  m,  S.  W. 
Kilkenny. 

Inkermann,  t.  Eu,  Russia,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
the  Crimea,  near  tlie  ruins  of  the  ancient  Eupato- 
ria. 

J  an,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  the  Swiss  can- 
ton of  the  Grisons,  and  after  a  N.  E.  course  of 
more  than  250  miles,  joins  the  Danube,  at  Passau- 

Innerkip,  v.  Scotland,  in  Renfrewshire,  on  the 
frith  of  Clyde,  6  m.  W.  Greenock. 

Innerleithen,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Tweed,  5  m.  E,  Peebles, 

Innerste,  r,  Hanover,  which  joins  the  Leine  at 
Sarstede. 

Inniskerri/,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  27'  W.  Lat.  52°  47'  N. 

Innspruck,  or  Inspnick,  capital  of  the  Tyrol,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Sill  and  the  Inn,  with  a 
beautiful  bridge  over  the  latter  river.  It  has  long 
been  the  seat  of  the  high  courts  of  justice;  also 
the  place  of  meeting  for  the  provincial  deputies  or 
states.  A  university  was  tbunded  here  in  1672, 
but  afterwards  suppressed  ;  and  its  place  is  now 
supplied  by  a  lyceum  or  academy,  a  medical 
school,  and  another  establishment  called  the  gen- 
eral seminary  for  Tyrol.  62  m.  S.  Munich,  84 
W.  S,  W.  Salzburg,  Lon.  1 1°  23'  E.  Lat.  47°  15' 
,N.     Pop.  10,240. 

Innthal,     See  Innspruck. 

Innthal.     See  Engadine. 

Innviertel,  (i.  e,  the  Quarter  of  the  Inn,)  a  large 
district.  Lower  Austria,  consisting  of  the  territory 
lying  between  the  Danube,  the  Inn,  and  the  Sal- 
za.     The  chiel  towns  are  Braunau  and  Scharding. 

Innycotta,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar,  on  Wurda  river. 
Lon.  79°  10'  E.  Lat,  20°  35'  N, 

Innoioracklav;  t.  Prussian  Poland,  in  Bromberg, 
106  m.  S.  Dantzic,  Lon,  18°  35'  E.  Lat.  52°  35' 
N.     Pop.  2,700. 

hisain.  t.Eii.  Russia,  in  Penza,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Istra  and  the  Insarra,  278  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mos- 
cow. Lon.  44°  20'  15'  E.  Lat.  53°  40'  N.  Pop.  3,000. 

Insterbitrg,  t.  E.  Prussia,  in  Gumbinnen,  on  the 
Angerap,  50  m.  E.  Konigsbcrg,  Lon.  21°  48'  40" 
E.  Lat.  54°  37'  40"  N,     Pop.  .5,300. 

Interior  parish,  p-v.  Lafourche  co.  Louisiana. 

Interlachen,  v.  Switzerland,  32  m.  S.  E.  Bern. 

Intra,  t,  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  the  Lago  Mag- 
giore,  30  m,  N,  Novara,     Pop.  4,500. 

Inter,  or  bnar,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perth,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Bran  with  the  Tay, 

Inveraray,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap.  of 
the  county  of  Artryll,  on  a  small  bay,  8  miles  from 
the  head  of  Loch  Fyne,  where  Ihe  river  Aray  falls 
into  it.  The  chief  support  of  the  place  is  tlie  her- 
ring fishery,  which  is  carried  on  to  the  extent  of 
40,000/.  per  annum.  Pop,  in  1811,  1,134,  Lon. 
5°  W.  Lat,  56°  28'  N. 

Inverbercie.     See  Bervie. 

Invergordon,  v,  Scotland,  in  Ross,  on  the  frith  of 
Cromarty,  opposite  the  town  of  Cromarty. 


340 


I  O  N 


1  F  S 


Invergowrie,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  banks  ol  the 
Tay,  2  m.  W.  Dundee. 

Inverkeilhing,  royal  burgh  and  s-p.  Scotland,  in 
Fife  CO.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  frith  of  Forth.  Be- 
fore tlie  entrance  of  the  harbour  is  the  bay  of  In- 
vcrkeithing,  afibrding  safe  anchorage  to  vessels  of 
any  burden  in  all  winds.  The  exportation  of  coal 
is  the  chief  employment  of  the  vessels,  25,000 
tons  being  shipped  annually.  13  m.  N.  W.  Edin- 
burgh.    Pop.  1,500. 

Inverness-shire,  one  of  the  largest  counties  in 
Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Ross-siiire,  and  part  of 
the  Moray  frith,  E.  by  the  counties  of  Nairn,  Mo- 
iray,  and  Aberdeen,  S.  by  Perth  and  Argyll,  and 
W.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean.  Several  of  the  He- 
brides also  are  attached  to  the  county.  These 
are  Han-is,  North  and  South  Uist,  Benbecula, 
Sky,  Barra,  Eigg,  and  some  smaller  islets.  The 
surface  of  this  county  is  extremely  rugged  and 
uneven,  consisting  of  vast  ranges  of  mountains, 
separated  from  each  other  by  narrow  and  deep 
Tallies.  It  abounds  with  oak  and  fir  timber.  Pop. 
in  1811,  78,336. 

Inverness,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap.  of 
Inverness  co.  is  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Ness,  at 
its  entrance  into  the  Moray  frith.  Within  the  last 
40  years,  this  town  has  been  rapidly  improving. 
From  its  geographical  position,  it  is  well  calcula- 
ted to  be  the  emporium  for  all  the  northern  coun- 
ties. In  1791,  the  population  was  5,107  ;  in  1801, 
8,742;  in  1811,  11,383  ;  and  in  1819,  it  may  be 
estimated  at  14,000.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  of  hemp  and  flax.  The  harbour  is  safe  and 
commodious,  allowing  vessels  of  500  tons  to  unload 
at  the  quay,  and  vessels  of  any  size  can  safely  ride 
in  the  frith,  within  a  mile  of  the  town,  idh  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Cromarty,  38  W.  Elgin,  118  W.  N.'W. 
Aberdeen,  156  N.  N.  W.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  4°  5' 
W.  Lat.  57°  30'  5"  N. 

Inverness^  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  4Q 
m.  S.  Quebec. 

Inverness,  Xe  4-.     See  Darien,  Geo. 

Inversnaid,  fort,  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire,  18 
m.  N.  Dumblane. 

Inverugie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  on  the 
Ugie,  where  that  river  falls  into  the  ocean. 

Inverury,  an  ancient  royal  burgh,  in  Aberdeen 
CO.  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  the  Don  and  Ury.  16  m.  N.  W.  Aberdeen,  20 
S.  E.  Huntly. 

Investigator'' s  Group,  small  islands  on  the  S. 
coast  of  New  Holland,  comprising  Waldegrave's, 
Top-Gallant,  Pearson's,  Ward's,  and  Flinder's 
islands. 

Investigator'' s  Strait,  the  strait  between  Kanga- 
roo's island  and  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland. 

lona,  Icolmkill,  or  I-columb-ki II,  one  of  the  west- 
ern islands  of  Scotland,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  sep- 
arated from  the  Western  point  of  Mull  by  a  nar- 
row channel,  called  the  Sound  of  /.  It  is  called  by 
Bede,  in  his  history,  Hii  ;  but  the  proper  name  is 
/,  sounded  like  ee  in  English.  The  island  is  about 
2i  miles  long,  and  1  broad.  It  is  chiefly  interes- 
ting for  the  ruins  of  its  ancient  establishments,  er- 
ected when  it  was  the  retreat  of  learning,  while 
western  Europe  lay  buried  in  ignorance  and  bar- 
barity. The  religious  edifices,  of  which  the  ruins 
now  only  remain,  were  established  about  the  year 
565,  by  St.  Columba,  who  left  Ireland,  his  native 
country,  and  established  himself  in  this  island,  to 
preach  Christianity  to  the  Picts.  After  Christian- 
ity was  thus  diffused  throughout  the  northern  parts 
of  Scotland,  this  island  became  a  seat  of  learning 


and  of  piety.  In  time,  it  rose  to  be  the  head  of  the 
Christian  church  in  Scotland,  whither  the  young 
princes  of  Scotland  and  Northumberland  were 
sent  for  instruction.  The  island  is  36  miles  dis- 
tant from  the  mainland.  Pop.  in  1782,  277  ;  in 
1791,  323;  and  in  1808,  386. 

Ionian  Islands,  sometimes  called  the  Republic  of 
the  Seeen  Islands,  a  small  and  recently  constituted 
republic  in  the  S.  E.  of  Europe,  consisting  of  7 
principal  islands,  and  a  number  of  islets,  extend- 
ing along  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Greece,  from  36°  to 
40°  N.  lat.  and  from  19°  30'  to  2.3°  10'  E.  Ion, 
The  seven  principal  islands  are  Corfu,  Cephalo- 
nia,  Zante,  Santa  Maura,  Ithaca,  or  Thiaki,  Ce- 
rigo,  and  Paxo.  Extent,  about  1,500  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  by  a  return  made  in  1807,  206,000. — The 
soil  in  the  plains  and  vallies  is  very  fertile.  The 
productions  are  corn,  vines,  olives,  currants,  cot- 
ton, honey,  wax,  &c.  Vines  and  olives  form  the 
chief  source  of  income  to  the  inhabitants.  The 
imports  are  salt  fish,  sugar,  and  drugs  ;  also  a  lim- 
ited quantity  of  woollen,  linen,  and  hardware.  In 
the  arrangements  made  at  tlie  congress  of  Vienna 
in  1815,  it  was  agreed  that  the  Ionian  republic 
should  be  put  under  the  protection  of  Great  Brit- 
ain. A  constitution  for  this  small  state  was  soort 
after  drawn  up  and  ratified  by  the  British  govern- 
ment in  July  1817.  It  vested  the  legislative  pow- 
er in  a  senate  of  29  representatives. 

Iowa,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  in  lat.  41°  5'  N. 

Iphofen,  t.  Frauconia,  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Wurzburg. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Ipoly,  r.  Hungary,  which  runs  into  the  Danube 
near  Gran. 

Ips,  t.  Lower  Austria,  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Ips  and  Danube,  48  m.  W.  Vienna.     Pop.  900. 

Ipsala,  Cijpsala,  or  Skipsilar,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on 
the  Marizza,  20  m.  from  its  mouth.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Greek  archbishop.  43  m.  S.  Adrianople,  130 
W.  Constantinople. 

Ipsara,  or  Ipseru,  (an.  Psyra,)  isl.  of  the  Ar- 
chipelago, 12  m.  N.  W.  Scio.  Lon.  25°  36'  30" 
E.  Lat.  38°  30'  N.  Pop.  about  16,000.  It  has 
one  small  village,  with  a  good  port,  and  owns  100 
sail  of  large  ships  and  polacres,  and  from  300  to 
500  small  craft.  This  island  is  tolerably  produc- 
tive in  wine  and  fruit,  but  the  inhabitants  depend 
on  their  commerce  for  subsistence. 

Ipswich,  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Suffolk  co.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Orwell.  It  is  favourably  situated 
for  commerce.  Vessels  of  any  burden  may  navi- 
gate the  Orwell  to  within  3  miles  of  the  town,  and 
vessels  of  nearly  200  tons  to  the  town  itself.  The 
trade  of  the  town  is  considerable,  chiefly  in  the 
exportation  of  corn,  great  quantities  of  wheat  and 
other  grain  being  annually  shipped  for  the  Lon- 
don market.  Malting  is  also  carried  on  to  some 
extent.  Ipswich  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  13,670.  18  m.  N.  E.  Colchester,  12  N.  W. 
Harwich,  69  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  9'  E.  Lat. 
52°  3'  N. 

Ipswich,  r.  Mass.  which  runs  into  the  ocean  at 
Ipswich,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Plum  island. 

Ipswich,  the  Agaicam  of  the  Indians,  p-t  and 
port  of  entry,  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  Ipswich  river, 
12  m.  S.  Newburyport,  12  N.  E.  Salem,  27  N.  E. 
Boston.  Lat.  42043' N.  Pop.  3,568.  It  contains 
a  handsome  court-house,  a  massy  stone  jail,  and 
5  houses  for  public  worship,  4  for  Congregation- 
alists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  There  is  an  excellent 
stone  bridge  across  Ipswich  river,  with  2  arches. 
The  supreme  judicial  court,   and  the   court  of 


I  R  E 


I  R  K 


341 


common  pleas  are  occasionally  held  in  this  town. 
The  amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  was  1,776  tons. 

Iqueique,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.20° 
-20'  S. 

Jquiari,  r.  Portuguese  Guiana,  which  enters  the 
fiver  Negro  on  the  W.  side,  in  lat.  0°  24'  N. 

Ira,  p-t.  Rutland  CO.  Vt.32  m.  W.  N.  W,  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  519. 

Iracoubo,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic. Lon.  54°  27'  W.  Lat.  5°  35'  N. 

Irancy,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aux- 
erre. 

Irak,  province,  Persia,  the  most  extensive  and 
important  of  that  empire.  It  is  bounded  S.  by 
Fars  and  Khuzistan,  E.  by.Khorassan  and  the 
Great  Salt  desert,  W.  by  Kurdistan,  and  N.  by 
Azerbijan,  Ghilan,  and  Mazanderan. 

Irak  Arabi,  a  name  often  applied  to  the  pachalic 
of  Bagdad.     See  Bagdad. 

Irasburg,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  40  ni.  N.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  393. 

Irati,  V.  Spain,  among  the  Pyrenees,  E.  of  Ron- 
cesvalles.  Here  is  a  permanent  depot  of  ship 
timber,  for  account  of  the  Spanish  government. 

Irbersdorf.     See  Ehrenfriedrichsdorf. 

Irbitskaia,  t.  Russia,  in  Perm,  on  the  river  Irbit. 
Pop.  3,400.  It  is  an  entrepot  for  Siberian  furs,  and 
other  Asiatic  merchandize  passing  into  Europe. 
Near  it  is  a  large  iron  work,  which  yields  2(XX) 
tons  of  iron  a  year.  142  m.  N.  E.  Ekaterinenburg. 
Lon.  62°  50'  E.  Lat.  67°  35'  N. 

Ireby,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  2^  m.  N.  Keswick. 

Iredell,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,972.     Slaves,  2,432.     Chief  town,  Statesville. 

Ireland,  a  large  and  fertile  island  of  Europe,  in 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  lying  W.  of  Great  Britain, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Irish  sea,  or  St. 
George's  channel.  It  lies  between  lon.  6°  and 
10°  40'  W.  and  lat.  51°  15''  and  55°  13'  N.  Ex- 
tent, 32,201  sq.  miles,  or  20,437,974  English 
acres.  Ireland  is  divided  into  four  great  provin- 
ces, viz.  Ulster,  Leinster,  Connaught,  and  Mun- 
ster,  which  are  again  divided  into  32  counties, 
containing  3,436  parishes. — The  face  of  the  coun- 
try affords  a  pleasing  variety  of  surface.  The 
harbors  are  very  numerous :  the  principal  are 
Waterford  and  Cork  on  the  S. ;  Bantry  and  Din- 
gle on  the  S.  VV. ;  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon, 
and  the  vast  bay  of  Galway  on  the  VV. ;  Lough 
Swilly  and  Lough  Foyle  on  the  N.  The  climate 
of  Ireland  is  in  general  more  temperate  than  the 
climate  of  other  countries  in  the  same  latitude. 
It  is  more  moist  than  that  of  Great  Britain,  the 
winds  from  the  W.  and  S.  VV.  are  more  prevalent, 
and  the  seasons  more  irregular.  The  soil  is,  gen- 
erally speaking,  a  fertile  loam,  but  remarkably 
shallow,  the  rocks  appearing  on  the  surface,  or  at 
no  great  depth,  even  in  the  most  flat  and  fertile 
parts.  The  bogs  of  Ireland  form  a  very  remark- 
able feature  of  the  country.  In  1809,  commis- 
sioners were  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  extent 
of  Irish  bogs,  and  whether  it  was  practicable  ei- 
ther to  drain  or  cultivate  them.  In  their  reports, 
they  state  the  extent  of  these  bogs  at  2,330,000 
English  acres.  They  are  principally  confined  to 
the  province  of  Connaught,  and  a  part  of  Lein- 
ster. This  extensive  tract  resembles  in  its  form  a 
broad  belt  drawn  across  the  centre  of  Ireland, 
with  its  narrov/est  end  nearest  the  capital,  and 
gradually  extending  in  breadth  as  it  approaches 
the  Western  ocean.  Tlie  commissioners  were 
convinced  that  it  was  perfectly  practicable  to 
4rain  these  immeuse  morasses,  and  convert  them 


to  the  purposes  of  tillage. — The  agriculture  of 
Ireland  is  rather  in  a  backward  state,  though  in 
many  counties  improvements  begin  to  be  adopted. 
Oats  are  most  extensively  cultivated;  they  form 
the  principal  food  of  the  people.  Ireland  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  the  immense  quantities 
and  excellent  quality  of  potatoes  which  it  produ- 
ces. The  dairy  husbandry  is  the  most  extensive 
and  the  best  managed  in  Ireland. — The  linen 
manufacture  is  the  staple  branch  of  Irish  indus- 
try. The  cotton  manufacture  is  spreading  rapid- 
ly. The  distillation  of  spirits  has  long  been  car- 
ried on  to  a  great  extent.  The  exports  are  corn, 
hides,  butter,  provisions,  linen,  whiskey,  &c.  The 
exports  from  Ireland,  for  1816,  amounted  to 
6,703,799/.;  the  imports  to  5,084,890/.  The  ex- 
ports for  1814,  amounted  to  7,139,435/.  and  th» 
imports  to  7,245,043/.  The  number  of  vessels 
belonging  to  Ireland,  amounts  to  between  1,100 
and  1,200,  navigated  by  between  5,000  and  6,000 
sailors,  men,  and  boys.  The  revenue  amounted, 
in  1817,  to  9,109,171/.;  the  expenditure  to 
14,612,560/. ;  and  the  debt  to  141,441,180/.  The 
Irish  peasantry  are,  in  general,  sunk  in  poverty 
and  ignorance.  They  are  miserably  ill  lodged,  in 
a  hovel  of  four  mud  widls,  with  one  entrance, 
and  frequently  without  either  a  window  or  a  chim- 
ney. Their  food  consists  almost  entirely  of  milk 
and  potatoes.  Within  a  few  years,  however, 
great  efforts  have  been  made  by  religious  charita- 
ble societies  in  Great  Britain,  to  extend  the  bles- 
sings of  education  and  religious  instruction  to  the 
Irish  people,  and  with  very  good  success. — The 
established  religion  is  tlie  Protestant,  though  the 
.  great  majority  of  the  people  are  Catholics.  With- 
in the  last  50  years,  Ireland  has  rapidly  increased 
in  population.  In  1754,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  2,372,634 ;  in  1791,  4,206,612;  and  at 
Uie  present  time,  according  to  the  best  estimates, 
it  is  more  than  5,000,000. 

Irelaiid,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
Pitt  lake,  50  m.  S.  Quebec. 

Ireland,  JVew,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  N.  from 
New  Britain,  190  miles  long,  and  very  narrow, 
between  lon.  150°  30'  and  153°  5'  E.  and  lat.  3° 
40'  and  5°  S. 

Iri.     See  Eurotas. 

Irigny,  t.  France,  on  the  Rhone,  6  m.  S.  Lyons. 

Iriju,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.'51°  30'  W.  Lat.  6°  58'  N. 

Irish  Sea,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  ocean 
which  washes  the  coasts  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland. 

Irishtown,  v.  Ireland,  in  the  bay  of  Dublin, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Liffey. 

Irissary,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  11m. 
S.  W.  St.  Palais. 

Irkoutsk,  an  extensive  government,  compre- 
hending all  the  eastern  part  of  Siberia,  or  Asiatic 
Russia.  It  is  divided  into  four  districts,  Irkoutsk 
proper,  Nertschink,  Yakoutsk,  and  Okhotsk,  and 
is  bounded  E.  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  N.  by  the 
Frozen  ocean,  VV.  by  Tobolsk,  S.  by  vast  chains 
of  mountains  which  separate  it  from  Chinese  Tar- 
tary.  Extent,  3,927,754  sq.  miles.  Pop.  661,900. 
A  considerable  proportion  of  the  inhabitants  are 
Russians  and  Cossacs.  There  are  several  Mongul 
tribes  in  the  southern  parts  of  this  government. 
Of  the  native  people,  the  most  numerous  are  the 
Tunguses. 

Irkuatsk,  city,  capital  of  the  above  government, 
is  on  the  Angara.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  off- 
ccrs  of  government,  the  station  of  a  considerable 


342 


I  S  A 


I  S  K 


body  of  troops,  and  the  scat  of  an  archbishopiick. 
It  possesses  great  commercial  importance,  from  its 
being  the  residence  of  many  merchants  engaged 
in  trade  between  Russia  and  China.  Lon,  103*^ 
30'  E.  Lat.  52°  16'  N.     Pop.  1  ],2<)2. 

Irkut,  r.  Siberia,  Avhich  falls  into  the  Angara, 
opposite  Irkoulsk. 

Irnis.     See  Giomico. 

Irois  Cape,  the  W.  point  of  Ilispaniola,  17  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Cape  Dame  Marie. 

Iron  Islandi  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Siam. 
Lon.  98°  E.  Lat.  12°  35'  N. 

Irondequot,  bay,  N.  Y.  on  lake  Ontario,  4^  ra. 
E.  of  the  mouth  of  Genesee  river.  It  is  7  miles 
in  extent  from  N.  to  S. 

Iron  mountai7is,  mts.of  the  U.  S.  which  divide 
Tennessee  from  N.  Carolina. 

Iron  river,  small  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which 
runs  into  lake  Superior.  It  is  about  80  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth. 

Iroquois,  Point,  Michigan  Territory,  the  W. 
cape  at  the  outlet  of  lake  Superior. 

Irrawaddy,  properly  Iravati,  the  principal  Hver 
in  the  Birman  empire,  which  rises  in  the  mountains 
of  Tibet,  and  entering  the  Birman  empire,  passes 
the  cities  of  Umrapoora  and  old  Ava.  In  lat.  17° 
50'  it  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
running  S.  W.  passes  the  town  of  Persaim  or  Bas- 
sien ;  the  other  running  S.  E.  passes  Rangoon ; 
but  these  branches  again  subdivide  into  many 
streams,  and  fall  into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  in  about 
lat.  16C  N. 

Irrsumit,  t.  East  Greenland.  Lon,  45°  35'  W. 
Lat.  61°  10'  N. 

Irl,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Irish  sea,  near, 
Ravenglass. 

Irtetskoi,  fort,  Siberia,  on  the  Ural,  88  m.  W. 
Orenburg. 

Irtysch,  r.  Russia,  which  rises  in  Independent 
Tartary,  and  passing  by  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Oby, 
200  m.  N.  of  that  city. 

Iruela,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  19  m.  E.  by  N.  Ubeda. 
Fop.  2,200. 

Irville,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  9  m.  N.  Neufcha- 
teau. 

Irville,  p-v.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W, 
Zanesville. 

Ircine,  or  Irwine,  s-p.  and  royal  burgh,  Scot- 
land, in  Ayr  co.  on  the  N.side  of  the  Irvine,  which, 
about  half  a  mile  below,  flows  into  the  frith  of 
Clyde.  The  harbor  is  tolerably  commodious.  25 
m.  S.  W.  Glasgow,  12  N.  Ayr.     Pop.  4,500. 

Irvine,  r.  N.  G.  a  western  head  water  of  the 
Neuse. 

Irvine,  Ca-pe,  high  bluff,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  54°  49'  N. 

Iran,  t.  Spain,  in  G  uipuscoa,  about  1  m.  fr.  the 
Bidassoa,  2  m.  S.  Fontarabia. 

Ii^vin,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.  Pop.  357. 

Irwinion,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wilkinson  co.  Geo.  24 
m.  S.  Milledgeville. 

Is  suT  Tille,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  23  m.  N. 
Dijon.  Pop.  1,600. 

Isabella,  an  islet  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  situated 
on  the  coast  of  theintendancy  ofGuadalaxara.  Lon. 
105°  56'  W.  Lat.  21°  50'  N. 

Isabella,  r.  St.  Domingo,  which  joins  the  Ozama, 
and  falls  into  the  sea,  below  tlie  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. 

Isabella,  t.  on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Domingo,  N.  lat. 
19°  59'  10".  This  is  the  port  where  Columbus 
formed  the  first  Spanish  settlement  on  the  island. 
29  leagues  E.  by  N.  Cape  Francois. 


Isabella  furnace,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co,  \'a. 

Isaczi,  or  Isaccia,  L  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  o  . 
the  Danube,  26  m.  W.  Ismail.  Lon.  29°  9'  E.  Lat. 
45°18'N. 

Isbeliburg,  t.  Egj'pt,  on  the  Mediterranean,  4  m. 
S.  Damietta. 

hbellsvillc  p-v.  Christian  co.  Kentucky. 

Isbicc,  t.  Poland,  in  Masovia,  14  m.  S.  by  W. 
Brzesc. 

Isca,  t  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  11m.  N. 
Brussels. 

Iscampi,  (an.  Scampis)  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Alba- 
nia, 9  m.  S.  Albanopolis. 

Ischa,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  where  the 
river  Ischa  falls  into  the  Danube. 

Ischel,  t.  Upper  Austria,  27  m.  S.  E.  Salzburg. 
Pop.  4,500. 

Ischa,  (an.  Oenaria,  or  Pithectisa,)  isl.  in  the 
gulf  of  Naples,  6  m.  from  the  coast.  Extent,  25 
sq.  miles.  Pop.  22,500.  There  is  not  perhaps  in 
Europe  a  more  pleasant  residence  than  this  small 
island.  Ischia,  the  capital,  is  on  a  small  bay  on 
•the  N.  coast.  Lon.  14°  15'  E.  Lat  40°  45'  N.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Ischitn,  r.  Siberia,  which  falls  into  the  Irtysch, 
Lon.  70°  E.  Lat.  57°  45'  N. 

Ischim,  circle  in  the  Siberian  government  of 
the  Tobolsk.  Ischim,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  69^ 
20'  E.  lat.  56°  30'  N. 

Ischilella,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata.  Pop. 
31,000. 

Ischora,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  26  m.  S.  E.  Petersburg. 

Ischua,  p-t.  Cataraugus  co.  (N.  Y.)  N.  E.  of 
Olean. 

Iscoudar.     See  Scutari. 

Isejiord,  bay,  Denmark,  in  Zealand.  Lon.  11° 
50'  E.  Lat.  55°  59'  N. 

Iscghem,  t.  Netherlaxids,  20  m.  S.  Bruges. 

hen,  t.  Bavaria,  22  m.  E.  N.  E.  Munich,  22  S. 
Landshut. 

Isenburg,  or  Upper  Isenburg,  principality  in  the 
W.  of  Germany,  consisting  of  several  scattered 
portions  of  territory  on  the  borders  of  the  county 
of  Hanau,  and  subject  partly  to  Hesse-Cassel, 
partly  to  Hesse-Darmstadt.  Extent,  217  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  47,500. 

Isenburg,  Keic,  t.  in  the  preceding  principality, 
3  m.  S.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  Lon.  8°  38'  E. 
Lat.  50°  3'  N. 

Iseo,  il  Lago  d^Iseo,  lake,  Italy,  between  Bres- 
cia and  Bergamo. 

Iser,  or  Giscra,  r.  Bohemia,  which  flows  into  tlie 
Elbe  at  Alt  Bunzlau. 

Iser,  or  Isar,  r.  Bavaria,  which  joins  the  Dan- 
ube at  Dcckendorf. 

Iser,  or  Isar,  circle,  Bavaria,  bounded  partly 
by  the  Bavai-ian  circles  of  the  Regen  and  the  Up- 
per Danube,  partly  by  the  Austrian  states.  Ex- 
tent, 5,900  sq.  miles.  Pop.  503,000.  Munich  is  the 
chief  town. 

here,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Rhone  3 
m.  above  Valence.  It  is  navigable  from  Gren- 
oble. 

here,  department  in  the  S.  E.  of  France,  inclos- 
ed by  Savoy,  and  the  French  departments  of  the 
Upper  Alps,  the  Drome,  and  the  Rhone.  Extent, 
3,440  sq.  miles.  Pop.  472,000,  of  whom  only  7,000 
are  Protestants. 

herlohn,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Baaren, 
41  m.  E.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  7°  40'  E.  Lat.  51°  23' 
N.     Pop.  4,400. 

hernia,  t.  Naples,  30  m.  N.  Capua.  Lon.  14°  2' 
F*  Lat.  41°  38'  N.  Pop.  5,000.  .4 


I  S  L 


I  S  P 


343 


isigni/,  t,  France,  in  Calvados,  at  the  mouth  ol 
the  Esques,  20  m.  W.  Bayeux.  Lon.  1°  W.  Lat. 
49°  19'  N.   Pop.  1,900. 

Isis,  r.  Eng.  the  N.  branch  of  the  Thames,  which 
joins  the  main  stream  near  Lechdale. 

Isjum,  or  Jzjitm,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Slobodsk- 
Ukraine,  on  the  river  Donetz,  6  m.  S.  E.  Charkov. 
Pop.  4,300. 

Ida.     See  Islay. 

Jsta,  or  Ila,  r.  Scotland,  in  Forfar,  which  falls 
into  the  Tay  at  Kinclaven.  In  this  river  is  a  per- 
pendicular fall  of  70  or  80  feet,  called  the  Rocky 
Linn. 

Isla  de  la  Gente  Hermoga,  or  Island  of  Hand- 
some People,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  175° 
10'  W.  Lat.  10°  S. 

I.ilamabad,  t.  Bengal,  and  cap.  of  Chittagong,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Currumpooly,  10  miles  from 
the  sea.  The  Baptists  have  missionaries  and 
schools  here.  Lon.  91°  42'  E.  Lat.  22°  22'  N.  230 
m.  E.  Calcutta. 

hlamnbad,  t.  Cashmeer,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river  Jhylyur.  Lon.  74°  7'  E.  Lat.  34°  6'  N. 

hland  creek^  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
3  m.  above  Steubenville. 

Island,  Magee,  peninsula,  Ireland,  on  the  coast 
of  the  North  channel  of  the  Irish  sea,  N.  of  Belfast 
Lough. 

hiay,  Hay  or  Ila,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  or  west- 
ern islands  of  Scotland,  lying  S.  W.  of  Jura.  It  is 
31  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  24  broad  from  E.  to 
W.  It  contains  154,000  acres,  of  which  about 
one-seventh  is  under  cultivation.  The  great  ar- 
ticle of  exportation  is  black  cattle.  Pop.  in  1801, 
6,821  ;  in  Kill,  11,500.  Its  inhabitants  are  rap- 
idly increasing. 

Isle  des  Co7itrariefes,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon. 
161°  34'  E.  Lat.  9°  53'  S. 

Isle  aux  Coitdres,  isl.  and  seigniory,  Northum- 
berland CO.  Lower  Canada,  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, opposite  St.  Paul  bay. 

hie  aux  JVoix,  small  isl.  Lower  Canada,  in  the 
river  Sorel,  1 1  m.  from  the  frontier,  8  or  9  from 
St.  Johns.  It  is  well  fortified,  and  commands  the 
intercourse  by  water,  between  lake  Champlain 
and  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Isle  anx  PelUes  Bois,  isl.  Alabama,  near  the 
mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  between  Dauphin  and  Horn 
islands. 

Isle  de  Vachcs.     See  Cow  Island. 

Isle  Jesus,  isl.  and  seigniory,  Effingham  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  lying  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  N. 
W.  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  from  which.it  is  sep- 
arated by  a  channel. 

Isle  of  Orleans,  isl.  co.  and  seigniory.  Lower 
Canada,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  4  m.  below 
Quebec.     Pop.  4,000. 

Isle  ofWigM,  Eng.     See  Wight,  Isle  of. 

Isle  of  Wight,  CO.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  James  riv- 
er. Fop.  9,186.  Slaves,  4,041.  Chief  town.  Smith- 
field.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post-ofSce. 

Isle  Perrot,  seigniory,  Lower  Canada,  compri- 
sing the  Is]e  Perrot,  and  several  smaller  i.slands,  off 
the  S.  VV.  end  of  Montreal  island. 

Isle  Royal,  large  isl.  in  Lake  Superior,  100  miles 
long,  and  40  broad. 

Isle  Verle,  seigniory,  Comwallis  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  104  m.  N. 
E.  Quebec. 

hleshorough,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  Long- 
Island  in  Penoljscot  bay,  1  m.  W .  Castine.  Pop.  583. 

Isles  de  Madam,  islands  at  the  S.  end  of  Cape 
Breton  island^ on  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  into 
HioCutofCanso, 


Isks  of  Shoals,  small  islands,  7  in  number,  3^ 
leagues  S.  S.  E.  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  Staten  island 
is  tlie  largest,  and  constitutes  the  town  of  Gosport, 
belonging  to  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  The  rest  of 
the  islands  belong  to  Maine.  They  are  inhabited 
by  about  100  fishermen. 

Islet  de  St.  Jean,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S,  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  43  m. 
N.  E.  Quebec. 

Islet  du  Portage,  seigniory,  Comwallis  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  83 
m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Isleworth,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex  co.  on  the 
Thames,  opposite  Richmond,  chiefly  celebrated 
for  various  elegant  villas.  8  m.  W.  London.  Pop. 
4,661. 

Islington,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex  co.  united  to 
London  on  the  N.  side  by  a  continued  range  of 
buildings.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  15,000. 

Islip,  p-t.  Suflfolk  CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Long-Island,  50  m.  E.  New- York.    Pop.  885. 

Ismail,  or  Ismailov,  a  large  and  strong  t.  Bessa- 
rabia, on  the  N.  side  of  the  principal  arm  of  the 
Danube,  about  33  m.  from  the  Black  sea.  It  is 
memorable  for  its  siege  and  capture  by  the  Rus- 
sians under  SuwaiTow,  in  1790.  Of  the  Turks, 
about  20,000  were  killed,  and  10,000  made  prison- 
ers :  the  Russians  lost  5,000  men  on  the  day  of 
capture,  and  twice  that  number  in  the  previous 
operations,  30  m.  W.  Kilia-Nova,  140  S.  by  W. 
Bender,  268  N.  Constantuiople.  Lon.  28°  50'  E. 
Lat.  45°  21' N.  _    • 

Ismailov,  imperial  palace  of  Russia,  12  m.  fr. 
Moscow. 

Istnid,  t.  Asia  Minor,  (an.  Kicomedia).  Lon.  29° 
34'  E.  Lat.  40°  39'  N. 

Isnilc,  t.  Asia  Minor,  (an.  JWre)  famous  in  eccle- 
siastical history  as  the  seat  of  two  councils  in  A.  D. 
325  and  787.  It  is  on  a  lake  communicating  with  the 
sea  of  Marmora,  and  has  some  trade  in  silk.  Lou. 
29°  50'  E.  Lat,  40°  16'  N. 

Isny,  t.  Wirtemberg,  46  m.  S.  Ulm.  Lon.  10°  3' 
45"  E.  Lat.  47°  42'  N.  Pop.  2,200. 

Isola,  t.  Istria,  on  an  island,  7  m.  S.  Capo  d'Istria.. 
Lon.  13°  40'  E.  Lat.  45°  37'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Isola,t.  Naples,  17  m.  B.  E.  SanScverino.  fjon. 
17°  24'  E.  Lat.  39°  2'  N,     Pop,  2,800. 

Isola,  t.  Piedmont,  4  m,  S.  by  W.  Asti.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Isola,  t.  Naples,  on  the  river  Garigliano,  5  m.  S 
Sora.     Pop.  2,600. 

Isola  AUn,  t.  Italy,  11  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mantua. 

Isola  Grossa,  isl.  of  the  Adriatic,  on  the  coast  oi 
Dalmatia,  about  30  miles  long,  and  2  broad.  Lon, 
l5°rE.  Lat.44°  18'N. 

Isola  Porcarizza,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  N.  E.  Mantua. 

Ispagnac,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  5  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Florae,     Pop.  1,900. 

Ispahan,  or  iSpahaicn,  formerly  the  capital  of 
Persia,  and  long  celebrated  as  one  of  the  mogl 
splendid  cities  of  the  east.  It  is  on  the  river  Zen- 
deroud,  in  the  province  of  Irak.  When  visited  by 
Chardin,  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  its 
magnificence  was  such,  that  no  city  of  the  east 
could  compare  with  it,  except  the  capitals  of  Hin- 
dostan  and  China.  In  1722,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Afghans,  and  many  of  its  most  superb  edifices  en- 
tirely destroyed  by  those  barbarous  invaders.  It  is 
still,however,a  great  and  mngnificent  city.  Kinneir 
estimates  the  population  at  200,000,  and  Morier,  in 
1008,  at  400,000.  Ispahan,  according  to  Chardin,, 
is  24  miles  in  circuit,  and  contained  172 
mosques,  48  college?,  1,800  caravansei'as,  and  27t' 
public  batlis.      The  most  splendid  edifice  was  the 


344 


I  T  A 


palace,  built  by  Scha  Abbas.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  five  miles  in  circuit,  including  the  gardens, 
and  to  have  surpassed  every  thing  of  the  kind 
which  is  to  be  found  in  Europe.  The  walls  and 
buildings  of  the  palace  remain,  but  it  has  been 
stript  of  all  its  costly  furniture.  The  streets  of  the 
city  are  narrow,  winding,  and  irregular.  The 
houses  have  a  mean  appearance,  being  built  merely 
of  bricks  dried  in  the  sun,  and  covered  with  /hit 
roofs.  The  manufactures  of  Ispahan  are  still  very 
extensive.  In  gold  brocade  this  city  is  unrivalled. 
It  is  also  the  greatest  emporium  of  inland  com- 
merce in  the  Persian  empire,  being  the  chief  me- 
dium of  communication  with  India  and  Cabul  on 
one  side,  and  Turkey  on  the  other.  After  being 
desolated  by  foreign  wars  and  revolutions,  this  city 
has  of  late  begun  to  revive,  through  the  exertions  of 
Hajee  Mahomed  Hussein  Khan,  who,  from  the  low- 
est origin,  has  raised  himself  to  the  first  situations  in 
the  empire,  and  acquired  immense  wealth,  which 
he  employs  in  the  improvement  of  his  native  city. 
He  has  just  completed  a  new  royal  palace,  which 
equals  in  elegance  any  of  the  old  ones.  Lon.  52° 
yO'  E.  Lat.  32°  25'  N. 

Ispira,  (an.  Hispiralis,)  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  90 
m,-E.  Trebisond. 

Isquinlia,  t.  Guatimala,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Gua- 
timala.     Lon.  93°  W.  Lat.  14°  32'  N. 

Israel,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  « 

Issagunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  25  m.  N.  E.  Khie- 
rabad. 

Issel,  Old,  r.  Netherlands,  which  flows  into  the 
Zuyderzee  below  Kampen. 

Issel,  JS'eM',  canal  which  extends  from  the  Rhine 
at  Arnheim,  to  the  Old  Issel  at  Doesberg. 

Issel,  Little,  r.  IS  etherlands,  which  falls  into  the 
Maese,  near  Rotterdam. 

Isselfwrst,  v.  Prussian  Westphalia,  22  m.  N.  W. 
Paderborn. 

Isselmonde,  isl.  Netherlands,  formed  by  the 
Maese,  the  Merwe,  and  the  Issel.  3  m.  S.  E.  Rot- 
terdam. 

Isselstein,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Utrecht,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Issel,  5  m.  S.  Utrecht.     Pop.  2,100. 

Issin,  t.  Persia,  6  m.  N.  Gombroon. 

Issoire,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  1 9  m.  S.  by 
E.  Clermont.  Lon.  0°  52'  E.  Lat.  45°  43'  56"  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Issoudun,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  18  m.  S.  W.  Bour- 
ges,  74  S.  E.  Tours.     Pop.  10,000. 

hsum,  V.  Prussian  Westphalia,  in  Cleves,  6  m. 
N.  E.  Gueldres.    Pop.  2,000. 

Issurdu,  t.  Hind,  in  Asmeer.  Lon.  75°  10'  E. 
Lat.  26=  20'  N. 

Issy,  v.  France,  2  m.  S.  S.  W.  Paris. 

Issy  VEveque,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  on 
the  Somme,  25  m.  S.  W.  Autuu.     Pop.  1,800. 

Islakhei:     See  Estachar. 

Istory,  V.  Asia  Minor,  30  ra.  S.  Trebisond. 

Istrcs,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-llhone,  18  m. 
S.E.Aries.     Pop.  2,100. 

Islria,  a  peninsula  of  the  Austrian  empire,  form- 
ed by  the  gulfs  of  Trieste  and  Fiume,  between  lat. 
45°  and  46  °N.  and  formerly  divided  into  Vene- 
tian and  Austrian.  The  whole  now  belongs  to 
Austria,  and  forms  the  southern  part  of  the  new 
kingdom  of  lUyria.  Extent,  1,600  square  miles. 
Pop.  141,000.  The  ports  of  Istria  are  the  princi- 
pal outlets  for  the  surplus  produce  both  of  Austria 
jxiA  Hungary. 

Istria,     See  Capo  d'' Istria. 

Italy,  a  well  known  peninsula  in  the  south  of 
Kurope.  extpn'i;n2rfrnm37°  \o '\Cfi  N  Int.  roidfroTr 


1  T  A 

i'-'  to  19°  E.  lon.  It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  hy 
the  Mediten-anean,  except  on  the  N.  where  it  i? 
separated  by  the  Alps  from  Germany,  SwitzerlaniJ 
and  France. 

Italy  is  at  present  divided  into  nine  independent 
States.  The  following  table  exhibits  their  extent 
and  population : 

Sq.  miles.    Population. 
I. — Kingdom  of  the  Two  Si- 
cilies.       -        -         -         43,600        6,618,000 
II.— Kingdom  of  Sardinia.       27,400        3,994,000 
III. — Austrian  Italy,  or  the 
Lombardo- Venetian  king- 
dom.       -        -        -  18,290        4,014,000 
IV.— States  of  the  Church.      14,500       2,346,000 
v.— Grand  Duchy  of  Tus-* 

canv.         -   '      -         -  8,500         1,180,000 

M.— States  of  Pai-ma.     -  2,280  377,000 

Vll.— States  of  Modena.  2,060  370,000 

Vni.— Duchy  of  Lucca.  420  138,000 

IX. — Republic  of  San  Ma- 
rino.       -        -        -  40  7,000 

Italy,  including  Sicily  and 

Sardinia,     -  -  117,090      19,04>l,00(.t 

Nothing  can  exceed  the  beauty  and  diversity  of 
the  natural  scenery  of  Italy.  Its  mountains  present 
every  variety  of  form  and  elevation,  of  rugged 
rocks  and  precipices,  thick  and  extensive  forests, 
water-falls,  and  all  the  component  parts  of  pictur- 
esque beauty.  The  clearness  of  the  atmosphere 
gives  to  every  object  a  remarkable  brightness  oi 
colouring  and  distinctness  of  outline. 

In  respect  of  climate,  Italy  is  one  of  the  most 
favoured  countries  in  Europe.  The  air  is  mild 
and  genial,  the  excessive  heats  of  summer  being 
moderated  by  the  influence  of  the  mountains  and 
surrounding  sea. 

The  most  important  productions  of  the  country 
are  vines,  olives,  and  other  fruitsof  great  variety, 
and  of  the  most  delicious  quality.  Cotton,  and 
still  more  silk,  are  cultivated  to  a  great  extent. 
Lombardy  is  the  chief  corn  country.  Skilful  ag- 
riculture is  confined  to  the  north  :  in  the  centre 
and  south  it  is  at  a  very  low  ebb. 

Italy  contains  few  manufactures.  Silk  is  the 
staple  article  ;  and  after  it  come  linen  and  wool- 
len. 

The  established  religion  is  the  Roman  Catholic ; 
but  all  other  sects  are  tolerated.  The  number  of 
archbishops  for  the  whole  country  is  38.  The 
number  of  inferior  ecclesiastics  is  surprisingly 
great.  Italy  contains  an  extraordinary  number  of 
hospitals,  erected,  and  in  general  provided  for,  in 
former  ages.  The  principal  universities  are  those 
of  Rome,  Bologna,  Padua,  Parma,  Pisa,  Pavia, 
Naples,  and  Palermo. 

Antiquities  form  one  of  the  grand  objects  of  in- 
terest to  the  traveller,  v/hile  their  illustration  con- 
stitutes a  distinct  branch  of  study  with  the  literati 
of  the  country. 

Italy,  Kingdom  of,  the  name  of  a  state  created  by 
Bonaparte,  out  of  the  various  provinces  of  the 
north  of  Italy,  and  first  known  by  the  name  of  the 
Cisalpine  republic.  It  comprised  Lombardy,  the 
duchy  of  Modena,  the  Venetian  territory,  the  pa- 
pal legations  of  Ferrara,  Bologna,  and  Romagna  : 
the  districts  of  Chiavenna,  Bormio,  and  the  Valte- 
line,  (belonging  formerly  to  the  Grisons ;)  and 
finally,  the  eastern  part  of  Piedmont,  lying  between 
Ticino  and  the  Sesia,  It  contained  24  departments, 
and  a  population  of  6,460,000.  The  events  of 
1814  overthrew  this  short-lived  monarchy. 

Tf.ilv.  Jln^fripn.  n  kingdom  of  Upper  Italy,  be- 


JAB 


JAB 


345 


'lOnging  to  tlie  house  of  Austria,  comprehending 
the  whole  of  Italy  east  of  the  Ticino  and  north  of 
the  Po.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Switzerland  and  Aus- 
tria ;  E.  by  lUyria ;  S.  E.  by  the  Adriatic  ;  S.  by 
the  States  of  the  church,  of  Modena,andof  Parma, 
and  W.  by  Piedmont.  Extent,  18,290  square  miles. 
Pop.  4,014,000.  The  name  given  to  this  kingdom, 
in  treaties  and  other  public  acts,  is  the  Lombardo- 
Venetian  Kingdom.  The  country  is  in  general 
level  consisting  of  large  and  beautiful  plains. 
It  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation ;  and  on  ac- 
count of  its  extreme  fertility,  has  been  frequent- 
ly called  the  garden  of  Europe.  The  pro- 
ducts are  rice,  wheat,  vines,  fruit,  and  large 
quantities  of  silk,  flax,  and  hemp.  The  exports 
consist  chiefly  of  rice,  corn,  and  cattle ;  also  of  silk, 
the  value  of  which  annually  sent  out  of  the  coun- 
try is  computed  at  from  400,000/.  to  500,000/. 

Austrian  Italy  was  erected  into  a  kingdom  by 
an  edict  of  the  emperor  of  Austria,  dated  7th  April 
1815.  Though  declared  to  forma  monarchy  insep- 
arable from  the  Austrian  empire,  it  has  a  separate 
constitution  of  its  own,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a 
prince  of  the  imperial  family,  with  the  title  of  vice- 
roy. His  residence  is  at  Milan.  The  administra- 
tion of  each  of  the  two  great  divisions  is  in  the 
hands  of  a  governor  and  government  college,  in 
subordination  to  the  court  of  Vienna. 

Italy,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Canandaigua  lake, 
S.  of  Canandaigua. 

Itamaca,  r.  Guiana,  which  falls  into  the  Orinoco, 
near  its  mouth. 

Itamarca,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Pernambuco,  in 
Brazil,  3  leagues  long  and  2  broad. 

IlamarccL,  the  capital  of  the  above  island,  is  on 
the  S.  E.  side.     Lon.  35°  6'  W.  Lat.  8°  S. 

Itambira,  settlement,  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes, 
on  the  river  Dolce,  36  m.  W.  Villa  Rica. 

Itampaen,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  Atlan- 
tic in  lat.  17°  40'  S. 

Itata,  province.  Chili,  bordering  on  the  Pacific 
ocean.     Coulemu,  the  capital,  is  in  lat.  36°  2'  S. 

Itata,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  sea  in  lat.  36°  S. 

Itchapour,  t.  India,  in  the  northern  circars,  30 
m.  S.  W.  Gaugaur.  Lon.  85°  E.  Lat.  19°  8'  N. 

Ilchora,  r.  Siberia,  which  runs  into  the  Lena  in 
Irkoutsk. 

Ithaca,  or  Thiaki,  in  the  Mediterranean,  one  of 
the  seven  Ionian  islands,  between  Cefalonia  and 
Santa  Maura,  in  lon.  21°  E.  lat.  38°  36'  N.  Ex- 
tent, 85  sq.  miles.  Pop.  8,000.  It  has  always 
been  noted  for  its  rugged  and  barren  aspect.  The 
English  government  are  about  establishing  a 
Greek  University  in  Ithaca  for  the  benefit  of  all 
the  Ionian  islands.  The  inhabitants  have  sub- 
scribed very  liberally  for  its  suppoit 


H 


Ithaca,  p-v.  in  Ulysses,  and  cap.  of  Tompkins  co. 
N.  Y.  at  the  bottom  of  Cayuga  lake,  29  m.  fr.  Owe- 
go,  180  W.Albany.  Pop.  in  1818,  611.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  court-house  and  church. 

Ithon,  r.  Wales,  which  falls  into  the  Wye,  3  m. 
N.  Builth. 

Itiobara  Bay,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon. 
37°  46'  W.  Lat.  6°  20'  S. 

Itri,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  40  m.  N.Vf. 
Naples.  Pop.  4,500. 

Ituria,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  river  Jordan,  near  Mount  Hermon. 

Itzehoe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Stor, 
31  m.  N.  by  W.  Hamburgh.  Pop.  5,000. 

Ivangorod,  t.  Russia,  11  m.  E.  Narva,  84  S.  W. 
Petersburg.  Lon.  28°  14'  E.  Lat.  59°  16'  N. 

Ivel,  r.  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire,  which  joins  the 
Ouse  at  Tempsford. 

Ivel,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  in  Dorsetshire,  and  runs 
into  the  Parret  at  Langport. 

Ivenach,  t.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  42  m.  S. 
Stralsund. 

her,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckingham,  18  m.  W.  London. 
Pop.  1,635. 

Iverdon.     See  Yverdun. 

Ivica,  or  Ibica,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  belong- 
ing to  Spain,  and  the  principal  of  the  group  called 
the  PithyuscE.  Extent,  190  sq.  miles.  Pop.  15,200. 
The  climate  is  uncommonly  mild.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  producing  corn,  wine,  oil,  fruit,  flax,  and 
hemp,  with  little  labour.  Irica,  the  capital,  is 
well  fortified,  and  has  a  good  harbour.  Lon.  4° 
29' E.  Lat.  38°  53' N.  Pop.  2,700. 

hinghoe,i.  Eng,  in  Buckingham  co.  6  m.  S.  W. 
Dunstable,  33  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  37'  W.  Lat. 
51°  50' N.  Pop. 1,361. 

Ivory  Coast.     See  Guinea, 

hoy  le  Pre,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  1 1  m.  S.  Aubig- 

hrea,  strong  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  the 
Doira  Baltea,  It  is  surrounded  with  tliick  bas- 
tions, and  has  a  turreted  castle,  with  two  other 
forts.  20  m.  N.  Turin,  53  W.  Milan.  Lon.  7°  44' 
E.  Lat.  45°  25'  N. 

hry,  V.  France,  on  the  Eure,  18  m.  S.  E.  Evreux, 
50  N.  W.  Paris. 

hy  Bridge,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  2i  ra.  fr, 
Bideford. 

Iwanotcits.     See  Janowils. 

Ixworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  7  m.  N.  E.  Bury. 

Ixworth,  t.  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Canada,  68  m, 
N.  E.  Quebec. 

he,  t.  France,  14  m.  E.  by  S.  Mayenne.  Por>. 
1,800. 

Izieu,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  14  m.  fr.  St.  Etienne; 
Pop.  2,000. 


J. 


Jaar,  r.  Netherlandg,  which  falls  into  the 
Meuse  at  Maestricht. 

Jabbok,in  Sac.  Geog.  small  r.  of  Palestine,  which 
flows  into  the  Jordan  S.  of  the  sea  of  Tiberias. 

Jabesh,  in  Sao.  Geog.  t,  in  Gi'lead.  6  m.  from 
Pella. 


44 


Jabloncza,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Miawa,  20  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Leopoldstadt. 

Jablonaw,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  50  m. 
S.  byE.  Stanislawow. 

Jablunka,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  on  the  Elsa.  11m. 
S.  S.  E.  Teschen.  Lon.  18°  48'  E.  Lai.  49°'32'  N. 
Fop.  1,700. 


34e 


J  A  C 


Jabnek,  by  the  Greeks  called  Jamnia,  in  Sac. 
Geog.  t.  Palestine,  on  the  Mediterranean,  S.  of 
Joppa.  Here  was  established  in  later  times,  a  fa- 
mous Jewish  school. 

Jaca,  or  Jacca,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  45  m,  N. 
Saragossa.  Lon.0O4i'W.  Lat.42°29'N.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Jacaira,  a  district  of  the  island  of  Java,  of  which 
Batavia  is  the  capital,  formerly  a  kingdom  govern- 
ed by  its  own  sovereigns  ;  but  now  belonging  to 
the  Dutch.  Pop.  203,484.  Its  productions  are 
principally  coffee,  sugar,  and  rice. 

Jaci,  Jaci  d''Aquila,  or  Joel  Reale,  s-p.  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  near  the 
foot  of  Mount  Etna,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Catania,  15  S. 
by  W.  Taormind.  Lon.  13°  15'  E.  Lat.  37°  40'  N. 
Pop.  11,000. 

Jackson,  sometimes  called  Hitchcock,  p-t.  Han- 
cock CO.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  W.  Castine. 

Jackson,  p-t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 

Jackson,  t.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Jackson,  co.  Geo.  on  the  forks  of  the  Oconee. 
Top.  10,569.  Slaves,  1,816.    Chieftown,  Jefferson. 

Jackson,  co.  Alabama. 

Jackson,  co.  Mississippi,  on  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, at  the  mouth  of  the  Pascagoula. 

Jackson,  co.  West-Tennessee,  on  Cumberland 
river.  Pop.  5,401.  Slaves,  481.  Chieftown,  Wil- 
liamson. At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Jackson,  co.  Ohio,  E.  of  Ross  and  Pike  counties. 
Pop.  in  1819,  2,000.  Chieftown,  Jackson. 

Jackson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Oliio,  28  ra. 
9.  E.  Chilicothe. 

Jackson,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

Jackson,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  7 
m.  below  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1819,  260. 

Jackson,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

Jackson,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  9  m. 
S.  Woodslield. 

Jackson,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  W. 
Dayton. 

Jackson,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  W. 
Zajaesville. 

Jackson,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  S.  Somerset. 

Jackson,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  6 
tpj.  above  Circlevillc. 

Jackson,  t.  Pike  co,  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  5  m. 
ubove  Piketon. 

Jackson,  t  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819,  400. 

Jackson,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 160. 

Jackson,  CO.  Indiana,  on  the  E.  fork  of  White 
river.     Chieftown,  Brownstown. 

Jackson,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  in 
1818,  1,294.     Chieftown,  Brownsville. 

Jackson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Mis- 
souri, 12  m.  N.  W.  Cape  Girardeau,  10  m.  from 
the  Mississippi, 

Jacksonbormigh,  t.  Colleton  district,  S.  C,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Edisto  river,  33  m.  W.  Charleston. 

Jacksonborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Scriven  co.  Geo. 
on  Briar  creek,  69  ra.  N.  W,  Savannah,  54  S,  E. 
Augusta, 

Jacksonburg,  t.  and  cap,  Campbell  co.  East- 
Tennessee,  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Jacksonburg,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N.  Ham- 
ilton. 

Jackson,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  New  Holland. 
Lon.  175°  10'  E.  Lat.  40°  54'  S. 

Jackson'' s  mills,  p-v.  Harrison  co.  Va. 

Jackson's  river,  Va.  rises  in  the  Warm  Spring 
mountains,  and  flowing  S.  W.  is  joined  by  Cow- 
pasture  river,  and  forms  James  river.  Near  its 
source  is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  200  feet. 


J  A  F 

Jackson  town,  p-v.  Jackson  co.  Alabama.         ^  9 

Jacksonville,  p-v.  Wood  co.  Va.  ' '     ,; 

Jacksonville,  p-v  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Jacksonville,  or  Telfairton,  t.  and  cap.  Telfair 
CO,  Geo, 

Jacksonville  v,  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  N.  W- 
Lancaster. 

Jacksonville,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  E.  West- 
union. 

Jacmel.     See  Jaquemel. 

Jacob'' s  creek,  r.  Pa,  which  runs  into  the  Youg- 
hiogany,  in  Westmoreland  co. 

Jacobshagen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
16  m.  E.  Stargard.  Lon.  15°  30'  E,  Lat.  53°  25' 
N,  Pop.  1,500. 

Jacobsiadt,  t.  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the  Dwi- 
na,  80  m.  S.  S,  E.  Riga. 

Jacobsiadt,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  50  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wasa,  Lon.  21°  36'  E- 
Lat.  36°  41'  N.  Pop,  1,600. 

Jacobstown,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

Jacotta,  t.  India,  in  Cochin.  Lon,  76°  1'  E.  Lat, 
10°  14'  N. 

Jacques  Cartier,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  rises 
in  some  small  lakes,  in  lon,  71°  20'  W,  lat.  48°  N. 
and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at  the  seigniory  oi 
the  same  name. 

Jacques  Cartier,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24 
m.  W.  Quebec. 

Jaen,  province,  Spain,  forming  the  E.  part  rf 
Andalusia,  and  bounded  N.  by  La  Mancha,  E.  by 
Murcia  and  Granada,  S.  by  Granada,  and  W.  by 
Cordova.  Extent,  4,730  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1803, 
207,000.  Wine,  oil,  silk,  and  corn,  are  the  prin- 
cipal productions. 

Jaen,  city,  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  and  cap.  of  the 
province  of  Jaen,  on  the  banks  of  the  Guadalbulon^ 
It  is  surrounded  by  walls  flanked  with  towers,  is 
neatly  built,  and  has  several  handsome  churches 
and  squares.  It  is  a  bishop's  see ;  and  the  cathe- 
dral is  a  noble  structure.  36  m.  N.  Granada,  6i> 
E.  Cordova.  Lon.  3°  51'  W.  Lat.  37°  48'  N.  Pop- 
27,500. 

Jaen  De  Bracamoros,  province,  Quito,  bound- 
ed N,  by  Loja  and  Quixos,  E,  by  Mainas,  S.  and 
W.  by  Peru.  Its  commerce  consists  in  cotton, 
tobacco,  and  mules.  Jaen,  the  capital,  has  4,000 
inhabitants.  314  m,  S.  Quito,  96  S.  E.  Loxa,  Lon. 
78°33'W.   Lat.  5°  25' S, 

Jafa,  adistrict  of  Arabia,  in  the  S.  E.  of  Yemen, 
bordering  on  Hadi'amaut.  It  is  fertile,  and 
abounds  in  coffee  and  cattle. 

Jaffa,  t.  Palestine,  near  the  coast  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, called  anciently  Joppa.  It  is  celebra- 
ted in  Scripture  history  as  the  place  whence  Jo- 
nah embarked  for  Tarshish,  and  as  that  where  St, 
Peter  restored  Tabitlia  to  life.  It  is  now  inhabit- 
ed by  Turks  and  Arabs,  with  a  mixture  of  Greeks, 
Maronites,  and  Armenians.  The  general  appear- 
ance of  the  place  is  now  very  desolate.  Its  har- 
bour is  one  of  the  worst  in  the  Mediterranean.  It 
is  a  resort  of  pilgrims  to  the  Holy  Land,  being  sit- 
uated directly  in  the  way  to  Jerusalem,  la  1799, 
Jaffa  being  taken  by  Bonaparte,  became  the 
scene  of  that  massacre  of  prisoners,  of  which  so 
many  reports  have  been  spread.  According  to 
Sir  Robert  Wilson,  four  days  after  its  surrender, 
3,800  Avere  L?d  to  a  field,  near  the  town,  and  pub- 
licly shot.  Bonaparte  has  since  ack>  ovleuged  to 
lord  Ebrington  and  Mr.  Warden,  that  it  took  place 
to  the  extent  of 500;  and  he  justified  it  on  the 
ground  that  these    were    Naplousian  pri^^oner?^ 


J  A  H 

•Ah6,  after  being  taken  and  dismissed  on  parole, 
had  joined  the  garrison  of  Jaffa.  40  m.  W.  Jeru- 
salem. Lon.  34°  53'  E.  Lat.  32°  2'  N. 

Jaffierabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  near  the  sea. 
Lon.  70°  3'  E.  Lat  20°  56'  N. 

Jaffi.tr  Gunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad.  Lon.  79° 
25'  E.  Lat.  17°  52'  N. 

Jaffna,  or  Jaffnapatam,  district,  in  the  N.  CK- 
treniity  of  Ceylon,  and  considered  as  tlie  most 
healthy  and  populous  of  the  island.  It  is  nearly 
surrounded  by  the  sea,  which  renders  it  cool ;  and 
being  clear  of  woods,  it  produces  abundance  of 
fruit  and  vegetables,  and  raises  a  considerable 
quantity  of  sheep  and  poultry.  The  woods  which 
separate  this  district  from  the  Candian  provinces 
are  inhabited  by  a  savage  people,  known  by  the 
name  of  Vaddahs,  and  supposed  to  have  been  the 
aborigines  of  the  country.  The  Wesleyan  Metho- 
dists, and  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, have  stations  in  this  district.     See  Ceylon. 

Jaffna,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  is  at 
some  distance  from  the  sea,  but  communicates 
with  it  by  a  river  navigable  for  large  boats.  It 
has  a  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  ;  and  its  artifi- 
cers are  esteemed  the  best  in  the  island.  The 
inhabitants  are  principally  Mahometans;  but 
since  Ceylon  was  taken  by  the  English,  many  of 
the  country  born  Dutch  families  have  settled  there, 
as  being  a  cheaper  and  healthier  place  than  Co- 
lumbo.  It  is  also  the  residence  of  the  superintend- 
ant  of  the  district,  is  garrisoned  by  the  British 
troops,  and  is  esteemed  the  second  town  on  the  isl- 
and. Lon.  80°  9'  E.  Lat.  9°  45'  N. 

Jaffrey,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  New-Hampshire,  36  m. 
S.  W.  Concord.  Pop.  1,336.  Here  are  found  red 
and  yellow  ochre,  alum,  vitriol,  and  black  lead. 
A  company  is  incorporated  for  the  manufacture  of 
earthen  ware.  Grand  Monadnock  mountain  is  in 
this  town. 

Jaffiioo,  kingdom  of  Central  Africa,  between 
Ludamar,  Kaarta,  and  Gedumah. 

Jagenagur.     See  Tippera. 

Jagepore,  or  Jehaspore,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Orissa, 
on  the  Byturnee  river.  Lon.  86°  35'  E.  Lat.  20° 
50' N. 

Jagemdorf,  or  Kanwtvilz,  t  Silesia,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Troppau,  20  W.  Ratibor.  Lon.  17°  40'  E.  Lat. 
50°  N.  Pop.  4,649. 

Jagendorf,  Gross,  v.  East  Prussia,  30  m.  W. 
Gumbinnen. 

Jaggernat.  See  Juggemauth. 

Jagierdarpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwana,  on  the 
Inderowty.  Lon.  82°  21'  E.  Lat.  19°  26'  N. 

Jagodna,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  50  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Nissa,  60  S.  S.  E.  Belgrade.  Lon.  20"^  56'  E. 
Lat.  44°  15'  N. 

Jagra,  or  Giarra,  country,  W.  Africa,  S.  of  the 
Gambia. 

Jagraam,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  75°  E.  Lat. 
:30°  47'  N. 

Jagua,  settlement,  Cuba,  85  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ha- 
vannah. 

Jaguaribe,  r.  Brazil,  which  enters  the  Atlantic, 
inlon.  38°10'W.  lat.  4°  S. 

Jahaz,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  Moabites,  after- 
wards assigned  to  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  and  by 
ihem  given  to  the  Levites.    It  was  near  Aroer. 

Jahde,  or  Jade,  r.  Germany,  which  forms  at  its 
mouth  a  considerable  bay  in  the  North  sea,  inlon. 
8°  12'  43^'  E.  lat.  53°  20'  45"  N. 

Jahjou',  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  Lon.  77°  52'  E.  Lat. 
26°  69'  N. 


JAM 


347 


Jahorlick,  r.  Russian  Poland,  forming  the  S.  E 
boundary  of  Podolia,  and  falling  into  the  Dnies- 
ter. 

Jaicse,  or  Jaidscha,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bosnia, 
on  the  Verbas,  25  m.  W.  S.  W.  Serajo. 

Jajgur,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  district 
in  Ajmeer. 

Jaina,  or  ZTTama,  district,  St.  Domingo. 

Jaivier,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Jumna.  Lon 
78°  28'  E.  Lat.  25°  9'  N. 

Jakin,  r.  Slave  coast  of  Africa,  which  separates 
Ardra  from  Benin,  and  falls  into  the  sea  at  Great 
Popo. 

Jalknu,  or  Jalkowitz,  t.  Bohemia,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Czaslau. 

Jallindher,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  25'  E. 
Lat.  31°  16'  N. 

Jallonkadoo,  country,  Africa,  of  considerable 
extent,  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Senegal.  The 
Jallonkas,  are  governed  by  a  number  of  petty 
chiefs,  commonly  at  enmity  with  each  other.  A 
great  part  of  the  country  is  a  desert. 

Jabiah,  district.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  between 
19°  and  20°  N.  lat.  Jalnah,  the  capital,  is  in  lon. 
76°  34'  E.  lat.  19°  45'  N. 

Jaloffs,  or  Oualoffs,  people  of  Africa,  between 
the  lower  part  of  the  Gambia  and  the  Senegal. 
They  are  the  handsomest  negroes  in  this  part  of 
Africa.  The  Jaloffs  profess  the  Mahometan  reli- 
gion. They  are  fearless  hunters  and  bi-ave  warriors. 

Jalooan,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Sind  river.     Lon.  79°  23'  E.  Lat.  26°  7'  N. 

Jalore,  fortress  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  72°  56' 
E.  Lat.  25°  44' N. 

Jalore,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  belonging  to  the  ra- 
jah of  Odeypore.    Lon.  74°  20'  E.  Lat.  24°  47'  N. 

Jama,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Pacific  ocean, 
in  lat.  7°  30'  S. 

Jamaica,  one  of  the  West  India  islands  belong- 
ing to  Great  Britain.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  about 
150  miles  long,  and,  on  a  medium,  40  broad.  Ex- 
tent, 6,200  sq.  miles.  It  is  divided  into  three 
counties,  namely,  Middlesex,  Surry,  and  Corn- 
wall. A  lofty  range  of  mountains  runs  through 
the  whole  island  from  E.  to  VV.  dividing  it  into 
two  parts,  and  rising  in  some  of  its  most  elevated 
peaks  to  7,431  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  On 
the  north  side  of  the  island  the  land  rises  from 
the  shore  into  hills.  In  the  centre,  the  elevated 
mountains  are  clothed  with  almost  boundless  for- 
ests. On  the  S.  side,  vast  plains  stretch  along  the 
foot  of  the  mountains,  chiefly  covered  with  the 
sugar  cane.  The  soil  of  Jamaica  is  in  some  pla- 
ces deep  and  fertile,  but  the  greatest  part  of  the 
island  is  incapable  of  cultivation.  Out  of  4,080,000 
acres  which  the  island  contains,  about  2,000,000 
have  been  granted  to  individuals  by  patent  from 
the  crown,  and  not  more  than  1,000,000  is  at  pre- 
sent under  cultivation.  Of  this  number,  about 
639,000  acres  are  laid  out  in  sugar  plantations, 
and  280,000  in  breeding  farms. — "The  legislature 
of  Jamaica  is  composed  of  a  governor,  of  a 
council  nominated  by  the  crown,  consisting  of  12 
gentlemen,  and  a  house  of  assembly  containing  43 
members,  who  are  elected  by  the  freeholders. — 
The  most  important  exports  are  sugar,  rum,  mo- 
lasses, and  coffee,  and  next  to  these  cocoa,  cotton, 
indigo,  pimento,  and  ginger.  The  amount  of 
sugar  exported  has  gradually  increased  from 
11,000  hhds.  in  1722  to  140,000  in  1802.  In  1791, 
the  coffee  exported  amounted  to  about  600,000 
lbs.    In  1804,  it  had  increased  to  22,000j0001bs.; 


34S 


JAM 


and  in  1 807,  to  28,500,000  lbs.  The  whole  value 
of  the  exports  in  1744,  was  600,000/. ;  in  1809, 
3,033,234i. ;  and  in  1810,  2,303, 179/.  The  value 
ol  the  imports  in  1809,  was  4,068,897/. ;  in  1810, 
4,303,337/.  The  population  of  Jamaica  in  1746, 
was  112,428  slaves,  and  about  10,000  whites;  in 
1812,  according  to  an  official  return,  319,912 
slaves,  and  the  number  of  whites  and  free  people 
of  color  was  estimated  at  40,000,  making  a  total 
of  359,912:  The  United  Brethren,  the  Baptists, 
and  the  Methodists  employ  missionaries  in  this 
island,  principally  among  the  negroes.  The  cen- 
tre of  the  island  is  inlon.  76°  45'  W.  lat.  18^  12'  N. 

Jamaica,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  32  m.  S.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  996. 

Jamaica,  p-t.  Queen's  co.  on  Long-Island,  N.  Y. 
13m.E.  New  York.  Pop.  2,110.  The  village 
contains  an  academy,  and  3  churches. 

Jamaica  plains,  in  Roxbury,  Mass.  5  m.  from 
Boston,  remarkable  for  its  beautiful  scenery  and 
elegant  country  seats. 

Jambee,  district  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Jambee,  the  capital,  is  about  60  m.  fr.  the  sea,  on 
a  river  which  is  navigable  for  boats.  Lon.  103° 
39' E.  Lat.  1°24'S. 

Jamber,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  10°  21'  N. 

Jambo,  s-p.  Iledsjas,  in  Arabia,  72  m.  S.  W. 
Medina. 

Javiboo.     See  Jumboo. 

Jamburg,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  76  m.  S.  W.  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh.    Lon.  28°  50'  E.  Lat.  59°  26'  N. 

James  Bay,  baj-^,  at  the  most  southern  pai't 
of  Hudson's  Bay,  with  which  it  communicates. 
It  contains  several  islands,  among  which  are  Bear, 
Viners,  Charleton,  and  Agomisco  islands.  Michi- 
picaton  river,  which  falls  into  lake  Superior,  has 
its  source  towards  this  bay,  from  whence  there  is 
said  to  be  but  a  short  portage  to  Moose  ri-ver,  which 
falls  into  James  bay. 

James  city,  co.  Va.  between  Chickahominy  and 
James  rivers.  Pop.  4,094.  Slaves,  2,320.  Chief 
town,  Williamsburg. 

James  city,  p-t.  Madison  co.  Va. 

James  creek,  r,  Del.  which  runs  into  Delaware 
bay,  11m.  below  Hook  island. 

James,  Fort,  fort,  Barbadoes,  near  Bridgetown. 

James,  Fort,  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  the  English 
settlements  on  the  Gambia,  on  a  bank  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  river. 

James  Island,  on  the  coast  of  S.  C  lies  on  the  S. 
side  of  Ashley  river,  opposite  Charleston.  It  is 
separated  from  John's  island  on  the  W.  by  Stono 
river.  Here  is  a  Presbyterian  church.  Fort 
Johnston  is  on  this  island. 

James  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  the  valley  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Alleghany  mountains,  and  breaking 
through  the  Blue  Ridge,  pursues  a  course  S.  of  E. 
and  falls  into  the  southern  part  of  Chesapeake 
bay.  A  40  gun  ship  can  ascend  as  far  as  James- 
town ;  vessels  of  250  tons  to  Warwick,  and  those 
of  125  tons  to  Rockets,  a  mile  below  Richmond. 
At  this  city,  the  navigation  was  formerly  inter- 
rupted by  the  Great  Falls,  which  in  7  miles  de- 
,  scend  43  feet ;  but  a  canal  around  them  is  now 
completed,  which  makes  the  river  navigable  230 
miles  further  for  boats  drawing  12  inches  water. 
The  Board  of  Public  Works  in  Virginia  have  re- 
ported in  favor  of  a  canal  to  connect  James  river 
with  the  Ohio.  Such  a  canal,  they  suppose, 
would  have  many  advantages  over  the  Grand  ca- 
nal in  New  York,  and  would  divert  much  of  the 


JAM 

trade  ol  the  western  country  to  the  porta  of  Vir» 
ginia. 

Jamestown,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  1,  comprising 
Canonicut  island,  3  m.  W.  Newport,  30  S.  Provi- 
dence. Pop.  504.  It  is  8  miles  long,  and  1  broad. 
At  the  S.  end  is  Beavertail  light-house. 

Jamestown,  p-t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

Jamestown,  p-t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va.  12  m. 
N.  E.  of  the  Court-house. 

Jamestown,  p-t.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

Jamestown,  t.  James  city  co.  Va.  on  a  peninsula, 
on  the  N.  side  of  James  river,  32  m.  from  its 
mouth,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Williamsburg.  It  was  foun- 
ded in  1608,  and  is  the  oldest  EngUsh  settlement 
in  the  U.  S.  It  is  now  in  ruins,  and  in  1777  con- 
tained only  one  family. 

Jamestown,  v.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

Jameses  Town,  t.  Barbadoes,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  island. 

Jamesville,  p-v.  in  Manlius,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
4  m.  E.  Onondaga  hollow. 

Jamesville,  p-v.  Clarendon  co.  S.  C. 

Jamnits,  or  Gemnice,  t.  Moravia,  26  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Znaym.  Lon.  15°  28'  E.  Lat.  48°  59'  N. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Jamtland,  province,  Sweden,  bordering  on  Nor- 
way, between  62°  and  65°  N.  lat.  Extent  10,000 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  26,000. 

Janagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  on  the  BanasS 
river.  ^Lon.  71°  17'  E.  Lat.  23°  35' N. 

Janeiro,  Rio  de,  a  jurisdiction  of  Brazil,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  province  of  Espiritu  Santo,  E.  and 
S.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  W.  by  Minas  Ge- 
raes.  It  is  of  an  extremely  fertile  soil,  and  pro- 
duces sugar  in  great  abundance. 

Janeiro,  Rio  de,  city,  S.  America,  and  capital  of 
Brazil,  is  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  at  the 
head  of  a  large  bay,  near  the  foot  of  several  high 
mountains  which  rise  behind  it.  The  houses 
are  generally  built  of  stone  or  brick,  and  the  streets 
are  straight,  well  paved,  and  have  excellent 
foot-paths.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  finest  known, 
for  capaciousness  and  security.  The  entrance, 
which  is  about  a  mile  wide,  is  bounded  on  one 
side  by  a  lofty  inclining  conical  hill,  and  on  the 
other  by  the  huge  mass  of  granite  which  supports 
the  castle  of  Santa  Cruz.  Near  tlxe  middle  lies  a 
small  island  on  which  Fort  Lucia  is  built.  Though 
at  first  narrow,  it  gradually  widens  to  about  three 
or  four  miles,  and  has  an  excellent  muddy  bottom. 
This  city  is  the  chief  mart  of  Brazil,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  provinces  of  Minas  Geraes,  St. 
Paul's,  Goyaz,  and  Cuyaba.  Since  the  emigra- 
tion of  the  court  of  Portugal  to  Brazil,  this  ex- 
tensive country  has  been  opened  to  the  commerce 
of  Great  Britain.  Janeiro  appears  to  be  already 
reaping  the  fruits  of  this  liberal  system.  Its  pop- 
ulation has  increased,  and  every  thing  indicates 
the  thriving  condition  of  the  place.  The  city  is 
gi-adually  extending,  by  the  erection  of  public 
and  private  buildings.  The  population  is  vari- 
ously estimated.  According  to  Mr.  Mawe's  esti- 
mate, including  the  negroes,  the  most  numerous 
class,  it  amounts  to  100,000.  Lon.  42°  1'  30"  W. 
Lat.  22°  56'  S. 

Janeiro,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  bay  at 
the  head  of  which  tlie  city  of  Rio  Janeiro  is  sit- 
uated. 

Jani-Kaleh.     See  Jenikaleh. 

Jank,  t.  Hungary,  34  m.  N.  W.  Szathmar.  Lon. 
22°  30'  1 3"  E.  Lat.  47°  55'  N. 

Janoahy  in  Sac.  Geog.  place,  Palestine,  on  the 


JAP 

borders  of  the  tribes  of  Ephraim  and  Manasseh,  12 
m.  E.  Shechem. 

Janouicz,  t.  Bohemia,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pilsen. 
Lon.  13°  8'  E.  Lat.  49°  19'  N. 

JanowitSy  v.  Silesia,  9  m  from  Hirschberg. 

JanriUe^  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loir,  21  m.  S. 
E.  Chartres. 

Janze,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,  5  ra.  S. 
Chateau.     Pop.  3,5tH). 

Jansi,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  78°  57'  E.  Lat. 
15°  32'  N. 

Japan,  an  extensive  empire,  consisting  of  sever- 
al large  islands,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Asia. 
The  principal  of  these  is  Niphon,  which  is  700 
miles  long.  The  next  two  are  Sikokf  and  Kiu-siu, 
the  former  SO  miles  long,  the  latter  200.  The 
large  island  of  Jesso,  immediately  N.  of  Niphon,  has 
been  colonized  and  governed  by  Japan,  though  it 
is  scarcely  reckoned  an  integral  part  of  the  em- 
pire. The  extent  of  the  three  original  islands 
may  be  computed  at  90,000  square  miles.  This 
great  empire  has  long  rejected  almost  all  commu- 
nication with  Europeans,  The  general  aspect  of 
these  islands  is  rugged  and  irregular,  bristling 
with  mountains,  rocks,  and  hills.  The  coast  is 
rocky  and  precipitous  ;  the  sea  which  surrounds  it 
is  full  of  shallows  and  whirlpools,  and  subject  to 
violent  tempests  ;  so  that  there  are  few  parts  of 
the  coast  which  can  be  approached  with  safety. 
Volcanoes  and  earthquakes  are  felt  in  every  part 
of  the  empire,  often  to  a  desolating  extent.  The 
minerals  are  copper,  which  is  the  principal  arti- 
cle of  export ;  coal  in  sufficient  quantities  to  sup- 
ply the  islands  with  fuel  ;  gold  and  sulphur,  in 
abundance.  Pearls  are  found  almost  in  the  whole 
circuit  of  the  island  of  Sikokf.  The  principal 
vegetables  are  the  rhvs  vernix,  or  varnish  tree, 
affording  a  milky  juice,  with  which  the  na- 
tives varnish,  or,  as  we  call  it,  japan,  all  their 
household  furniture,  dishes  and  plates.  The  mul- 
berry tree,  the  tea  shrub,  the  laurel  and  camphor 
tree,  are  very  common.  Among  cultivated  vege- 
tables, rice  takes  the  lead,  and  forms  the  main  ar- 
ticle of  subsistence  tliroughout  the  empire.  Agri- 
culture is  carried  to  the  same  perfection  as  in 
China.  The  government  presents  a  striking 
anomaly  in  the  combined  dominion  of  a  spiritual  and 
temporal  ruler.  The  former,  called  the  Dairi, 
was  the  sole  original  sovereign,  and  was  regarded 
by  his  subjects  almost  as  a  divinity.  At  the  end  of 
the  16th  century,  however,  one  of  his  generals 
seized  the  whole  secular  power,  and  left  to  the 
Dairi  only  a  shadow  of  dominion.  The  Dairi  re- 
aides  in  the  imperial  city  of  Meaco,  and  has  the 
revenue  of  it  and  the  surrounding  district  allotted 
to  him  for  the  support  of  his  establishment.  The 
secular  emperor  resides  in  pomp  at  Jeddo.  His 
revenues  have  been  estimated  at  the  sum  of 
28,000,000  /.  but  they  are  paid  chiefly  in  produce. 
The  army  maintained  by  the  emperor  is  stated  at 
100,000  foot  and  20,000  horse.  Japan,  however, 
is  seldom  engaged  in  foreign  war.  When  the  dy- 
nasty of  Zingis  conquered  China,  they  fitted  out  a 
great  armament,  and  invaded  Japan,  but  were 
completely  repulsed  by  that  brave  people.  En- 
ergy, pride,  and  a  lofty  sense  of  honour,  form  prom- 
inent features  in  the  character  of  the  Japanese. 
Although  no  regular  form  of  liberty  exists,  there 
yet  prevails  a  spirit  of  independence,  and  force  of 
public  opinion,  which  deters  the  rulers  from  any 
flagrant  injustice.  The  Japanese  are  intelligent 
and  inquisitive,  and  acquire  knowledge  with  great 
faciKty.    They  possess  ttie  arts  -of  printing  and  en- 


JAR 


349 


graving,  though  in  a  style  much  inferior  to  that  of 
Europe. 

The  history  of  their  own  country  is  written  by 
them  very  carefully.  Poetry  is  a  favourite  pursuit, 
and  they  are  passionately  fond  of  music.  They  have 
extensive  works  on  botany  and  zoology,  and  have 
translated  sevci'al  European  works.  The  princi- 
pal manufactures  are  silk  and  cotton,  and  lacquer- 
ed ware,  which  from  them  we  call  japanned  ware. 
The  foreign  commerce  of  Japan  is  carried  on  only 
with  the  Dutch  and  Chinese.  That  of  the  Dutch 
is  confined  to  the  single  port  of  Nangasaki  in  the 
island  of  Kiu-siu,  and  is  embarassed  by  so  many  re- 
strictions, that  it  is  not  very  profitable.  The 
Japanese  are  particularly  jealous  of  the  English 
and  Russians.  They  believe  the  encroachments 
of  the  Russians  along  the  northern,  and  of  the 
English  along  the  southern  coast  of  Asia,  to  have 
the  subjugation  of  Japan  for  their  main  and  ulti- 
mate object. 

Japara,  s-p.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java, 
and  a  great  commercial  mart  of  the  Europeans. 
It  was  among  the  first  establishments  of  the  Dutch 
in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  110°  54'  E.  Lat.  6° 
28'  S. 

Jaquemel,  t.  Hispaniola.  Lon.  13°  24'  E.  Lat, 
18°  17'  N. 

Jaqueniel,  Cape,  cape,  Hispaniola.  Lon.  12P 
25'W.  Lat.  18°14'N. 

Jaques,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs  into  the 
river  St.  John,  in  lon.  67°  36'  W.  lat.  46°  54'  N. 

Jaques,  or  James,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which 
joins  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Missouri,  in  lat.  42*^ 
53'  N.  950  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Jaques  Cartier.     See  Jacques  Cartier. 

Jaquesy,  settlement,  St.  Domingo,  13  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Cape  Francois. 

Jaquet  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  the  island  of 
Dominica. 

Jaransk,  t.  Russia,  in  Viatka,  on  the  Wyscheg- 
da,  93  m.  S.  S.  W.  Viatka.     Pop.  5,000. 

Jardin,  Bon,  v.  Brazil,  in  Paraiba,  70  m.  from 
Pernambuco. 

Jardines,  Los,  small  islands,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  81°  50'  W.  Lat.  21°  18'  N. 

Jardin  del  Rey,  small  isles,  near  the  N.  cocist  of 
Cuba.    Lon.  78°  W.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. 

Jaretta,  La,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in  Sicily, 
which  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Catania,  6  m.  S.  Ca- 
tania. 

Jargeau,  or  Gergcau,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  on 
the  Loire,  9  m.  S,  by  E.  Orleans. 

Jarmeritz,  t.  Moravia,  19  m.  N.  by  W.  Znaym, 
Pop.  1,500. 

Jarmuth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  plains  of  Ju- 
dah,  10  m.  S.  W.  Jerusalem. 

Jarmtc,  or  Jarnac-Charente,  t.  France,  on  the 
Charente,  7  m.  E.  Cognac,  18  N.  W.  Angouleme. 

Jarnac  Champagne,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Cha- 
rente, 6  m.  S.  E.  Saintes. 

Jaromirz,  t.  Bohetnia,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Aupa  and  the  Elbe,  71  m.  E.  N.  E.  Prague. 

Jaron,  t.  Persia,  in  Fars,  80  m.  S.  Shiras. 

Jaroslav,  city,  Eu.  Russia,  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  Wolga,  146 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Moscow,  360  E.  S.  E.  St.  Petersburg. 
Its  manufactures  of  linen,  silk,  and  Russia 
leather,  are  on  a  large  scale ;  and  here  is  a  noted 
bell  foundry.  Peter  the  Great  founded  its  manu- 
factures ;  but  they  were  brought  to  perfection 
chiefly  by  John  Ernest,  duke  of  Courland,  who 
resided  here  for  many  years.  Pop.  19,00(1  Lon. 
40°  10'  E.  Lat.  57°  37'  N. 


360 


J  A  V 


Jaroslav,  government,  Eu.  Russia,  bounded  N. 
by  Vologda,  E.  by  Kostroma,  S.  by  Vladimir,  and 
W.  by  Tver,  and  lying  between  37°  45'  and  41" 
15'  E.  Ion.  and  56°  44'  and  58°  52'  N.  lat.  Extent, 
14,000  sq.  miles.     Pop.  800,000. 

JarosUnc,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
San,  48  m.  W.  N.  W.  Lemberg,  110  E.  Cracow. 
Pop.  7,000. 

Jarovincu,  v.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  7  m.  E.  Del- 
vinaki. 

JarrOy  t.  Africa,  in  Ludamar,  26  m.  W.  Be- 
nowni. 

Jarrie,  La,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  6  m. 
S.  E.  La  Rochelle,  14  N.  Rochefort. 

Jarse,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  17  m.  N. 
E.  Angers.     Pop.  1,500. 

Jasenits,  v.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
where  the  Oder  issues  from  the  Frische  Haf ;  10 
m.  N.  Stettin. 

Jasianowka,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  in  Grodno, 
17  m.  N.  byW.  Bialystock. 

Jask,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran.  Lon.  57°  40'  E. 
Lat.  25°  30' N. 

Jaslo,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Jasiel  and  the  Wistoka,  72  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Sendomir. 

Jasmundy  peninsula  of  the  island  of  Rugen,  in 
the  Baltic. 

Jasoun,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  on  the  Black 
sea,  75  m.  N.  E.  Samsoun. 

Jasper,  formerly  Randolph,  co.  Geo.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Oakmulgee.  Pop.  7,573.  Slaves, 
1,821.     Chief  town,  Monticello. 

Jassy,  i.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  the  residence 
of  the  hospodar  or  prince,  and  the  see  of  the 
Greek  archbishop  or  metropolitan  of  the  prov- 
ince. It  was  formerly  a  place  of  great  size,  but  at 
present  it  is  in  a  ruinous  state.  Jassy  has  been 
frequently  taken  by  the  Russians,  but,  as  yet,  al- 
"ways  restored  at  the  conclusion  of  peace.  200  m. 
E.  Oczakow,  370  N.  Constantinople.  Lon.  27° 
30'  15"  E.  Lat.  47°  8'  30"  N.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Jastrow,  t.  West  Prussia,  67  m.  W.  Culm.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Jasshereny,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Sadwa,  38  m. 
E.Pest.  Lon.  19°  24' E.  Lat.  47°  29' N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Jauer,  fortified  t.  Silesia,  on  the  river  Jauer,  16 
xa.  N.  W.  Schweidnitz,  31  W.  Breslau.  Pop. 
3,600. 

Jauemik,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  in  Troppau.  Pop. 
1,950. 

Jauflione,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi, in  lat.  39°  26' N. 

Jaujac,  or  Jaulnac,  t.  France,  on  the  Alignon, 
in  Ard^che,  15  m.  S.  W.  Privas.     Pop.  1,500. 

Jaujemou,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges. 
Lon.  80°  25'  E.  Lat.  26°  25'  N. 

Jaulnais,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  6  m.  N.  Poitiers. 

Jaurv,  V.  Brazil,  in  the  province  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  which  rises  in  the  plains  of  Parexis,  in 
lon,  58°  30'  W.  lat.  1 4°  42'  S.  It  runs  S.  and  falls 
into  the  Paraguay  on  the  W.  side,  in  lat.  16°  24'  S. 
On  its  banks  are  salt-pits,  from  which  the  prov- 
ince of  Matto-Grosso  derives  large  supplies  of 
salt. 

Jauzierts,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Barcelonette.     Pop.  2,200. 

Java,  large  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between  6° 
and  9°  S.lat.  and  105°  and  115°  E.  lon.  642  miles 
long  fi-om  E.  to  W,  and  on  an  average  96  broad. 
To  the  N.  W.  lies  Sumatra,  from  which  Java  is 
separated  by  the  Straits  of  Sunda.    The  island  is 


J  A  X 

divided  nearly  in  its  whole  length  by  a  vayge  of 
mountains,  running  E.  and  W.  and  rising  to  their 
greatest  elevation  towards  the  centre.  The  north- 
ern coast  is  low  and  swampy,  intersected  by  % 
great  number  of  rivers  and  fine  bays ;  whereas, 
the  south  coast,  as  far  as  it  has  been  explored,  risea 
into  high  and  rugged  hills,  and  is  almost  inaccessi- 
ble. The  climate  along  the  northern  coast  is  hot 
and  sultry ;  at  Batavia,  the  thermometer  seldom 
falls  below  76°  of  Fahrenheit.  But  in  the  moun- 
tainous districts  it  frequently  descends  to  60°  and 
in  some  places  to  50°.  All  the  productions  of  Eu- 
rope, hardly  one  of  which  will  flourish  below,  are 
in  these  districts  cultivated  with  success.  Java 
possesses  a  soil  of  extraordinary  fertility.  It  con- 
sists generally  of  a  pure  vegetable  mould,  resting 
on  clay  or  argillaceous  iron-stone,  or  coarse  lime- 
stone, of  a  loose  and  porous  texture.  In  no  part 
of  the  world  is  vegetation  so  richly  luxuriant,  or 
the  wants  of  man  so  easily  supplied.  The  staple 
produce  is  rice,  which  is  cultivated  nearly  the 
whole  length  of  the  northern  coast,  many  miles  in 
breadth,  and  is  brought  to  Batavia,  and  exported 
in  great  quantities.  Sugar,  to  the  amount  of  10 
millions  of  pounds  annually,  is  made,  as  well  for 
the  consumption  of  the  island  as  for  exportation. 
Most  of  the  sugar  mills  are  kept  and  worked  by 
the  Chinese.  Pepper  is  produced  in  great  abun- 
dance and  perfection.  Indigo  of  a  very  superior 
quality  is  also  produced  here.  Cotton  is  cultiva- 
ted in  almost  every  part  of  the  island.  The  cof- 
fee plantations  are  extremely  luxuriant.  The 
population  of  Java  has  been  variously  estimated : 
by  a  census,  said  to  haA'e  been  taken  by  the  Dutch 
governor,  in  1808,  it  is  stated  at  3,000,000;  and  by 
the  latest  surveys  of  the  British,  at  5,000,000. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  composed  of  Java- 
nese ;  the  Malays  also  form  a  large  class ;  and  on 
the  coasts  and  in  the  seaports,  there  is  a  consider- 
able proportion  of  Chinese. — The  professed  reli- 
gion of  both  the  Malays  and  Javanese  is  Mahom- 
etanism,  but  they  seem  to  be  very  careless  of  its 
rites.  Few  of  them  obey  the  laws  of  their  pi'oph- 
et  in  abstaining  from  wine.  The  Chinese  in  Java 
were  severely  taxed  by  the  Dutch;  notwithstand- 
ing which,  they  always  found  means,  from  their 
habits  of  industry,  not  only  to  pay  the  tribute  im- 
posed on  them,  but  to  accumulate  wealth.  Many 
of  them  carry  on  a  very  considerable  trade  with 
their  native  country.  In  all  the  principal  towns, 
they  are  the  great  capitalists.  This  island  was 
taken  by  the  English,  under  Sir  Samuel  Auch- 
mutty,  in  1811,  but  it  has  been  restored  to  the 
Dutch. 

Java  Head,  the  W.  point  of  the  island  of  Java, 
Lon.  104°50'E.  Lat,  6°47'S. 

Javan,  in  Sac,  Geog.  the  name  given  by  the  He- 
brews to  the  country  of  Greece, 

Java  Sea,  that  part  of  the  Eastern  Indian  sea, 
which  lies  between  the  island  of  Java  to  the  S. 
Sumatra  to  the  W,  the  islands  of  Banca,  Billiton, 
and  Borneo  to  the  N.  and  the  island  of  Celebes  to 
theE. 

Javka,  t,  Eu,  Russia,  in  Cherson,  27  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Ovidiopol,  34  S.  E.  Tiraspol, 

Javron,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  5  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Vilaine. 

Jaworow,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  25  m. 
W.  Lemberg.     Pop.  4,000. 

Jaworsno,  t.  Poland,  30  m.  S.  W^arsaw. 

Jaxarles.     See  Sihon. 

Jaxt,  V.  Germany,  in  Wirtemberg,  which  runs 
into  the  Neckar,  opposite  Wimpfea. 


JED 


J  E  F 


351 


Jaxt,  one  of  the  four  circles  into  which  the 
kingdom  of  Wirtemberg  was  divided  in  1818. 

Jaxtberg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Jaxt,  31  m.  S. 
Wurzburg. 

Jai/,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  Androscog- 
gin, 20  m.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Jai/,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  48  m.  N.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  28. 

Jay,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  W.  Peru  bay,  in 
lake  Champlain,  141  m.  N.  Albany.     Pop.  1,164. 

Jayme,  San,  city,  S.  America,  in  the  Caraccas, 
and  province  of  Varinas,  180  m.  S.  by  W.  of  the 
city  of  Caraccas.  Lon.  68°  10'  W.  Lat.  7° 
49' N. 

Jaypoint,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine. 

Jay  pore.    See  Jyenagur. 

Jazer,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  country  E.  of  Jor- 
dan, in  the  tribe  of  Gad. 

Jazira,  or  Algezira,  territory,  A.  Turkey,  be- 
tween the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  containing  part 
of  Bagdad  and  Diarbekir. 

Jasyga,  a  small  territory  in  the  E.  of  Hungary, 
adjacent  to  the  palatinate  of  Pest.  Extent,  360 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  43,000. 

Jean  Rabel,  t.  St.  Domingo,  in  lat.  19°  55'  N. 
and  lon.  73°  7'  VV.  4  leagues  E.  of  the  Mole,  32  W. 
Cape  Francois.  Jean  Rabel  point  forms  a  good 
anchorage. 

Jebel  Ocrab.     See  Cassius  mount. 

Jebel  Totosa,  mt.  Syria,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the 
bay  of  Alexandretta,  20  m.  S.  VV.  Alexandretta. 

Jebenhausen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  near  Goppingen. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Jebna,  t.  Palestine,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Gath,  10  m.  S.  Jaffa. 

Jecke,  r.  Netherlands,  which  falls  into  the 
Maese  at  Maestricht. 

Jed,  r.  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  which  falls 
into  the  Teviot,  about  2  m.  below  Jedburgh. 

Jedburgh,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap.  of 
Roxburgh  co.  is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Jed.  It 
was  formerly  a  place  of  strength,  and  one  of  the 
chief  towns  on  the  English  border,  but  declined 
after  the  union  of  the  two  kingdoms.  It  has  late- 
ly revived,  the  woollen  manufacture  having  been 
established  here  in  1770.  Within  the  last  ten  or 
twelve  years  more  especially,  great  improve- 
ments have  taken  place.  Pop.  in  1813,  2,827.  1 1 
m.  W.  Kelso,  45  S.  Edinburgh. 

Jedo,  or  Jeddo,  a  great  city  of  Japan,  and  one 
of  the  capitals  of  the  empire,  being  the  residence 
of  the  Kubo  Saraa,  or  civil  and  military  ruler. 
Meaco,  the  residence  of  the  spiritual  emperor, 
was  the  original  capital,  and  is  still  in  some  de- 
gree considered  as  such  ;  but  since  the  Kubo  Sa- 
ma  has  fixed  his  residence  at  Jedo,  that  city  has 
far  eclipsed  the  other  in  magnitude  aiid  splendor. 
Its  magnificence  is  not  probably  surpassed  by  that 
of  any  city  in  Asia.  All  the  princes  and  great 
men  are  obliged  to  make  it  their  residence  for 
half  the  year.  It  contains,  therefore,  many  splendid 
palaces,  which  stand  by  themselves,  surrounded 
by  large  court  yards  and  stately  gates.  All  these 
are  eclipsed,  however,  by  the  palace  of  the  em- 
peror, which  is  surrounded  with  walls  and  ditches, 
and  contains  several  fortified  buildings,  that  have 
the  appearance  of  castles.  The  centre  of  the  in- 
closure  contains  the  palace  or  residence  of  the 
emperor.  Behind  the  palace  are  gardens  and 
orchards  of  great  extent  and  beauty.  The 
city  is  said  to  be  seven  miles  long,  five  broad,  and 
twenty  in  circumference.    It  stands  on  a  great 


bay  at  the  mouth  of  a  large  river.  Besides  being 
the  residence  of  the  monarch,  Jedo  is  the  seat  of 
an  extensive  commerce,  and  contains  many  flour- 
ishing manufactures.  Lon.  140°  E.  Lat.  36°  30' 
N.     Pop.  estimated  at  1,000,000. 

Jedrseioiv,  t.  Poland,  43  m.  N.  by  E.  Ci^acow. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  28  m.  N.  E. 
Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,205. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  77  m.  N.  Concord. 
Pop.  200. 

Jefferson,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Ontario  and  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence,  bounded  E.  by  St.  Lawrence 
and  Lewis  cos.  and  ,S.  by  Oswego  co.  Pop.  15,144. 
Chief  town,  Watertown. 

Jefferson,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  W. 
Schoharie,  48  S.  of  W.  Albany.  Pop.  1,740.  It  is  on 
the  height  of  land  between  Mohawk  river,  and  the 
Susquehannah  and  Delaware  rivers. 

Jefferson,  t.  Morris  co,  N.  J.     Pop.  1,281. 

Jefferson,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Pa.   Pop.  161. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,114. 

J^erson,  co.  Va.  on  the  Potomac.  Pop.  11,851. 
Slaves,  3,532.     Chief  town,  Charlestown. 

Jefferson,  co.  Geo.  on  Ogechee  river.  Pop, 
6,111.     Slaves,  2,336.     Chief  town,  Louisville. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Camden  co.  Geo.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Satilla  river,  50  m.  S.  W.  Darien,  20  N. 
St.  Mary's. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 

Jefferson,  co.  Alabama. 

Jefferson,  co.  Mississippi,  on  the  river  Mississip- 
pi. Pop.  in  1816,  4,906.  Slaves,  2,358.  Chief 
town,  Greenville. 

Jefferson,  co.  East-Tennessee,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Holston.  Pop.  7,309.  Slaves,  783.  Chief 
town,  Dandridge. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  Rutherford  co.  Tennessee. 

Jefferson,  co.  Ken.  on  Ohio  river  Pop.  13,399.. 
Slaves,  3,347.     Chief  town,  Louisville. 

Jefferson,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  in 
1815,  15,000.     Chief  town,  Steubenrille. 

Jefferson,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  Steu- 
benville. 

Jefferson,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  10 
m.  N.  from  Lake  Erie,  35  N.  Warren.      ; 

Jefferson,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

Jefferson,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E.  Colum- 
bus.    Pop.  in  1819,  440. 

Jefferson,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  N.  E.  Cam- 
bridge. 

Jefferson,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  540, 

Jefferson,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami, 
10  m.  below  Dayton. 

Jefferson,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 

Jefferson,  t.  Muskingum  co.,Ohio,  on  Muskingum 
river,  12  m.  above  Zanesville. 

Jefferson,  p-t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  S.  Cir- 
cleville,  28  from  Columbus. 

Jefferson,  t.  Preble. co.  Ohio. 

Jefferson,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Jefferson,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river,  5  m. 
below  Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,535. 

Jefferson,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  10  m. 
above  Portsmouth. 

Jefferson,  co.  Indiana,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  in 
1815,  4,093.     Chief  town,  Madison. 

Jefferson,  co.  Illinois. 

Jefferson,  co.  Missouri. 

Jefferson,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Jefferson,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  risefe 
among  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  unites  with 
Gallatin  sml  Madi-^rtn  rivrr"^.  to  form  the  Missouri 


3^ 


JEN 


J  li  R 


J^ersonion,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  V'a. 

Jeffersonton,  p-v.  Ashe  co.  N.  C. 

Jeffersontown,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 

Jeffersonville,  t.  Tazewell  co.  Va.  55  m.  N.  W. 
Inglesville,  135  from  Cumberland  gap. 

Jeffersonville,  p-t.  Clarke  co.  Indiana,  on  Ohio 
river,  just  above  the  falls,  and  opposite  Louisville, 
Ken.  The  town  is  situated  on  elevated  ground, 
commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  river  and  its  banks. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  bank,  land- 
office,  and  market-house.  Pop.  in  1819,  about  500. 
Below  the  town  is  a  fine  harbour  for  boats.  It  is 
expected  that  a  canal  will  be  made  round  the  falls, 
commencing  above  this  place.  Should  this  canal 
be  formed,  Jeffersonville  will  become  a  place  of 
importance, 

Jeffrey^s  creek,  r,  S.  C.  which  runs  into  the 
Great  Pedee. 

Jeffrey'' s  ledge,  a  sand  bank  on  the  coast  of  Mass. 
between  Cape  Ann  and  Casco  bay.  Lon.  69°  31' 
W.  Lat.  4309'N. 

Jeffrie's  store,  p-v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

Jefremov,  t.  Russia,  73  m.  S.  by  E.  Tula.  Fop. 
2,200. 

Jegun,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  11  m.  N.  W.  Auch. 
Lon.  0°  32'  E.  Lat.  43°  45'  N.     Pop.  2,100. 

Jefianagore,  t.  Bengal,  on  Hoogly  river,  3  m.  W. 
Nuddeah. 

Jejury,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74°  17'  E. 
Lat.  I80  16' N. 

Jekil-Irmak,  (an.  Iris,)  r.  Asia  Minor,  which 
falls  into  the  Black  sea  at  Samsoon. 

Jekyl.     SeeJykill. 

Jelalabad,  city  of  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon. 
69°  46'  E.  Lat.  34°  6'  N. 

Jelatma.     See  Elatnia. 

Jelesenskaia-crepost,  fort  in  Tobolsk,  A.  Russia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Irtysch.    Lat.  53°  51'  N. 

Jellasir,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  78°  13'  E.  Lat. 
27°  30'  N. 

Jellasore,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Subaureeka.  Lon. 
87°  25'  E.  Lat.  21°  50'  N. 

Jellinghy,  t.  Bengal,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ganges. 
Lon.  88°  42'  E.  Lat.  24°  8'  N. 

Jelna,  t.  Russia,  42  m.  E.  by  S.  Smolensk©. 

Jelschau.     See  Jolsva. 

Jelton  lake.     See  Elton. 

Jeltsch,  Upper  and  Lower,  v.  Silesia,  on  the 
Oder,  3  m.  E.  S.  E.  Breslau. 

Jemappe,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Jemappes.     See  Gemappe. 

Jemarroic,  territory,  W.  Africa,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Gambia,  120  m.  from  the  sea. 

Jemaulabad,  t.  India,  in  Canara.  Lon.  75° 
24'  E.  Lat.  13°  N. 

Jemba,  small  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the 
Caspian  sea,  in  lon.  54°  3'  E.  lat.  46°  57'  N. 

Jemlah,  district,  Hindostan,  between  30°  and 
31°  N.  lat. 

Jemme,  el,  (an.  Tisdra,)  t.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  90 
m.  S.  Tunis. 

Jemmingem,  or  Jemgum,  t.  East  Friesland,  8  m. 
S.  E.  Emden. 

Jemnits.     See  Jamnitz. 

Jemptland.     See  Jamtland. 

Jena,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  on  the  Saale,  celebrated  for  its  univerei- 
ty.  Like  other  German  universities,  it  has  four 
faculties,  divinity,  law,  medicine,  and  philosophy, 
which  are  taught  by  18  regular  and  15  extraor- 
dinary professors :  there  are  besides,  10  or  12 
private  teachers  in  the  town.  The  number  of 
student'  in  1818.  was  about  eOO.    43  m.  S.  W, 


Leipsic,  13  E.  by  S.  Weimar.  Lon.  11°37'E- 
Lat.  50°  56' N.  Pop.  5,000.  Jena  has  acquired 
notoriety  as  the  scene  of  the  great  battle  of  the 
14th  October,  1806,  which  by  one  fatal  blow,  over- 
threw the  Prussian  monarchy. 

Jende,  lake,  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland,  which  com- 
municates with  the  gulf  of  Finland. 

Jcneahgur,or  Jagneh,  t.  and  celebrat  ed  fortress, 
Hind,  in  Bejapore,  or  Auruugabad.  Lon.  73°  45' 
E.  Lat.  20°  15'  N. 

Jenghije,  v.  Irak  Arabi,  on  the  Tigris,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Bagdad. 

Jenhat,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Chief  town, 
Gujerat. 

Jessaul,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between  31^ 
and  32°  N.  lat. 

Jenikaleh,  fortress,  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Taurida,  on  the  nax'rowest  part  of  the 
strait  of  Taman,  which  connects  the  aea  of  Azoph 
with  the  Black  sea.  90  m.  E.  Levkopol.  Lon. 
36°  25'  E.  Lat.  45°  21'  N. 

Jenisza,  or  Jenidsche  Vardar,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Macedon,  on  a  lake  which  communicates  with  the 
gulf  of  Salonica,  by  a  canal  12  miles  long.  It  was 
the  ancient  Pella,  and  the  bii-th-place  of  Alexander 
the  Great.  24  m.  V^.  N.  W.  Salonica,  20  E. 
Edessa.  Lon.  22°  30'  E.  Lat.  40°  48'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Jenkin's  Bay,  bay  of  the  island  of  St.  Eustatius, 
where  the  French  troops  landed  in  1781,  when 
they  took  the  island. 

Jenkintown,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  11  m.  N- 
Philadelphia. 

Jenne,  city.  Central  Africa,  on  the  Niger,  125 
m.  N.  E.  Sego. 

Jenner,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

Jennings,  co.  Indiana.     Chief  town,  Vernon. 

Jenning''s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Flori- 
da, near  the  coast  of  East  Florida.  Lon.  80°  28 
W.  Lat.  25°  28'  N. 

Jeremie,  t.  St.  Domingo,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
bay  of  Leogane,  1 1  leagues  N.  Port  a  Piment,  and 
8  E.  Cape  Dame  Marie.  Point  Jeremie  lies  in 
lon.  73°  7'  W.  Lat.  18°  42'  30"  N. 

Jericho,  ancient  city,  Judea,  celebrated  in  scrip- 
ture history.  It  is  now  a  poor  dirty  village,  per- 
petually exposed  to  be  plundered  by  the  Arabs. 
It  is  situated,  however,  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  pas- 
toral plain,  watered  by  the  Jordan,  and  which 
produces  in  abundance  the  celebrated  medicine  of 
the  balm  of  Gilead.     18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Jericho,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  river,. 
12  m.E.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,185. 

Jericho,  p-v.  in  Oyster-baj',  N.  Y. 

Jericho.     See  Bainhridge. 

Jerichow,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  3m. 
N.  N.  E.  Magdeburg. 

Jerim,  t.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  80  m.  N.  E.  Mo- 
cha. 

Jemiah.     See  Germa. 

Jermuk,  (an.  Hieromax,)  r.  Syria,  which  falls 
into  the  S.  part  of  the  lake  of  Tiberias. 

Jeromestown,  Indian  v.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

Jeromesville,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.  15  m.  W. 
Wooster. 

Jersey,  t.  Steuben  co.  (N.  Y.)  E.  of  Bath. 

Jersey  city,  or  Paulus  Hook,  p-t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 
on  the  Hudson,  opposite  New- York,  9  E.  Newark, 
29  E.  Morristown. 

Jersey,  Isle  of,  a  thriving  and  very  populous  isl- 
and in  the  English  channel,  17  miles  from  the 
French  coast.  It  is  12  miles  long,  and  on  an  ave- 
rage 5  broad.    Extent,  40,000  acres,  or  62^  square 


J  E  R 


J  E  R 


353 


miles.  Pop.  in  1806,  22,855.  A  barrier  of  rocks 
nearly  encircles  the  whole  island.  The  climate  is 
exceedingly  mild,  the  soil  fertile,  and  the  situation 
well  adapted  to  commerce.  The  principal  pro- 
duction is  cider,  of  which  24,000  hhds.  are  made 
annually.  The  inhabitants,  thoug;h  nominally 
subject  to  England,  are  really  free  :  they  make 
their  own  laws,  are  exempt  from  naval  and  milita- 
ry service,  and  from  the  dominion  of  the  English 
church ;  have  the  benefit  of  a  free  poi't,  and  trade 
with  the  enemies  of  England,  even  in  time  of 
war  ;  above  all,  they  are  free  from  the  taxes  with 
which  the  mother  country  is  loaded.  In  1812, 
59  vessels,  altogether  of  6,000  tons  burden,  and 
navigated  by  550  seamen,  belonged  to  the  island. 
The  island  having  been  occupied  as  a  great  milita- 
ry depot,  various  fortresses  have  been  erected  on 
it.  I'he  coast  is  also  defended  by  a  chain  of  mar- 
tello  towers,  and  by  numerous  redoubts  and  bat- 
teries. Lon.  of  St.  Aubin,  2°  11'  W.  Lat  49° 
13' N. 

Jersey  shore,  p-t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  W.  Williams- 
port,  55  N.  W.  Sunbury. 

Jersey  town,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Jervis''  Bay,  bay,  New  Holland,  in  lat.  35°  S. 

Jervis'  Canal,in\ei  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  49°  40'  N. 

Jervis,  Cape,  point,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land, opposite  Kangarou  island. 

Jerusalem,  an  ancient  and  celebrated  city  of 
Asia,  capital  of  the  ancient  Judea,  and  the  mod- 
ern Palestine.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Salem  men- 
tioned in  Genesis  ;  but  when  the  Israelites  entered 
the  land  of  Canaan,  it  was  called  Jebus,  from  the 
Jebusites,  whose  capital  it  was,  and  who  were  not 
completely  expelled,  till  the  reign  of  David.  That 
monarch  made  Jerusalem  the  capital  of  his  king- 
dom. Solomon,  on  succeeding  to  the  throne,  sur- 
rounded it  with  stronger  and  better  walls,  and 
adorned  the  interior  with  that  temple,  the  splen- 
dour of  which  was  so  much  admired  in  the  ancient 
world.  On  the  separation  of  the  kingdoms,  after 
the  death  of  Solomon,  Jerusalem  became  the  capi- 
tal of  Judah,  till  A.  C.  417,  when  Nebuchadnezzar 
put  an  end  to  the  kingdom,  and  carried  king  Jehoi- 
achin  captive  to  Babylon.  The  second  temple  built 
by  Cyrus,  was  finished  A.  C.515.  During  the  reign 
of  Tiberias,  Jerusalem  was  rendered  memorable  by 
the  death  and  resurrection  of  our  Lord  and  Sav- 
iour Jesus  Christ,  who  was  crucified  on  Friday, 
April  3d,  at  3  o'clock  P.  M.  on  Mount  Calvary,  a 
hill  on  the  N.  side  of  the  city.  The  city  was  taken 
and  destroyed  by  Titus,  A.  D.  70.  At  the  siege, 
according  to  Josephus,  97,000  prisoners  lisll  into 
the  hands  of  the  conqueror,  11,000  perished  with 
hunger,  and  the  whole  number  slain  and  taken 
prisoners,  during  the  war,  was  1,460,000.  In 
130,  Adrian  erected  on  its  ruins  a  Roman  town, 
which  he  called  Aelia  Capitolina.  This  name  re- 
mained till,  by  the  conversion  of  Constantine, 
Christianity  became  the  ruling  religion  of  the  Ro- 
man empire.  Jerusalem  then  resumed  its  original 
name,  and  became  an  object  of  pious  veneration. 
The  empress  Helena,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eigh- 
ty, repaired  to  the  holy  city,  and  caused  a  hand- 
some fabric  to  be  erected,  called  the  church  of  the 
holy  sepulchre,  which  was  supposed  to  include  all 
the  spots  connected  with  the  crucifixion  and  en- 
tombment of  our  Saviour.  As  the  empire  became 
more  generally  Christian,  Jerusalem  became  the 
resort  of  numerous  pilgrims  of  all  descriptions,  sex- 
es, ages,  and  nations.  In  636,  it  fell  into  the  hands 
oixbe  f^aracens.  who  allowed  the  Christians  tore- 

4.5 


sort  thither  as  formerly,  upon  the  paym^t  of  a 
considerable  tax  ;  so  that  Jerusalem  was  nearly 
as  much  frequented  as  ever,  till  the  inroad  of  the 
Turks,  in  1076.  The  Turks  committed  such  outra- 
ges on  the  pilgrims,  that  they  could  no  longer  visit, 
the  holy  sepulchre  in  safety.  The  report  of  these 
violences  being  carried  to  Europe,  produced  the 
Crusades  ;  the  first  result  of  which  was,  to  wrest 
Jerusalem  from  the  hands  of  the  infidels.  It  was 
taken  in  1099,  by  the  army  under  Godfrey  of  Bou- 
illon, and  was  ruled  during  •  upwards  of  sixty 
years,  by  five  Latin  kings,  when  it  yielded  to  the 
arms  of  Saladin.  After  changing  successively  its 
Moslem  masters,  it  was  annexed  to  the  Turkish 
empire,  of  which  it  still  forms  a  part.  Under  the 
dominion  of  the  Turks,  it  appears  to  be  in  a 
state  of  gradual  decline.  It  has  been  exposed  at 
once  to  the  oppression  of  the  Pachas  and  the  im-oads 
of  the  Arabs.  Dr.  Clarke,  however,  in  his  recent 
visit,  by  no  means  found  it  to  present  that  aspect  of 
desolation  which  some  travellers  have  reported.  On 
obtaining  the  first  view  of  it  in  the  approach  from 
the  north,  instead  of  a  wretched  and  ruined  town, 
he  beheld  a  flourishing  and  stately  meti'opolisj, 
presenting  a  magnificent  assemblage  of  domes, 
towers,  palaces,  churches,  and  monasteries  ;  all  of 
which,glittering  in  the  sun's  rays,shone  with  incon- 
ceivable splendour.  The  streets  of  Jerusalem  are 
cleaner  than  those  of  any  other  city  of  the  Levant ; 
but  like  all  of  them,  are  very  nan-ow.  The 
houses  are  lofty,  and  as  no  windows  appear  on  any 
of  the  lower  stories,  and  those  above  are  latticed, 
the  passage  appears  to  be  between  blank  walls. 
The  present  population  is  estimated,  though  by 
vague  conjecture,  at  20,000  or  30,000.  The  most 
splendid  edifice  which  the  city  now  contains,  is 
the  mosque,  erected  in  the  seventh  century,  by 
the  caliph  Omar.  It  appeared  to  Dr.  Clarice  su- 
perior to  any  example  of  modern  architecture  in 
the  Turkish  empire,  even  to  the  celebrated 
mosque  of  St.  Sophia.  It  is  built  upon  the  site  of 
the  temple.  The  edifice,  which  has  always  been 
the  object  of  visitation  and  respect  to  Christian  pil- 
grims, is  the  church  of  the  holy  sepulchre.  Al- 
though this  place,  however,  has  been  so  long  re- 
vered and  visited  by  Christian  pilgrims,  an  em- 
inent modern  traveller  seems  to  have  proved  that 
it  cannot  possibly  have  been  the  theatre  of  the 
great  events  which  have  been  so  often  commemo- 
rated upon  it.  It  is  certain  there  is  not  the  least 
trace  of  a  hill,  such  as  Calvary  is  described  to  be, 
the  ground  being  entirely  plain,  except  the  small 
rise  of  about  20  steps  leading  up  to  the  altar,  the 
supposed  scene  of  crucifixion.  The  sacred  scenes 
which  Jerusalem  presents,have  rendered  it  long  the 
abode  of  numerous  monks.  These  consisted  origi- 
nally of  various  nations  and  professions,  each  of 
which  had  a  quarter  assigned  to  it ;  but  the  num- 
ber has  of  late  been  reduced  to  four,  the  Latins, 
Greeks,  Armenians,, and  Copt^.  Each  fraternity  has 
altars  and  a  sanctuary  specially  allotted  to  theirown 
use.  The  manufactures  of  Jerusalem  are  confined 
almost  exclusively  to  one  branch,  that  of  beads, 
crosses,  shells,  and  other  objects,  supposed  to  de- 
rive sanctity  from  their  local  origin.  Lon.  35° 
20' E.  Lat.  31' 47' 47"  N. 

Jerusalem,  called  also  Africaner's  Kraal,  and 
Peace  Mountain,  a  station  of  the  London  Mission- 
ary Society,  in  Namaquoland,  in  S.  Africa. 

Jerusalem,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  Canan- 
daigua,  18  from  Geneva.  Pop.  450.  This  town 
is  the  chief  residence  of  the  followers  of  Jemims 
Wilkinson. 

Jerrtsalem,  f-v.  in  Boi^.ton,  N.  Y. 


354 


JIB 


Jerusalem.    See  Funkstown. 

Jerusalem,  p-t.  Southampton  co.  Va.  on  Notta- 
•way  river,  32  m.  S.  Petersburg,  76  S.  Richmond. 

Jesi,  t,  Italy,  in  Marca  d'Ancona,  on  the  river 
Esino,  23  m.  N.  E.  Loretto,  16  W.  S.  W.  Ancona. 
Lon.  13°10'E.  Lat.  40^31' N.  Pop.  5,000.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop. 

JesselmerCy  district,  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  about  28° 
N.  lat.  Jesselmere,  the  capital,  is  in  Ion.  72°  16' 
E.  lat.  27°  44'  N. 

Jessen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Black  Elster,  56  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Dresden.    Pop.  1,000. 

Jessnits,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Anhalt- 
Bessau,  30  m.  N.  Leipsic.    Pop.  1,700. 

Jesso,  or  Matsmai,  a  large  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Asia,  immediately  N.  of  the  islands  of  Japan,  being 
•separated  frohi  Niphon  only  by  a  narrow  strait, 
it  is  150  miles  long,  and  80  broad.  The  original 
inhabitants  are  the  Ainos,  who  have  been  already 
described.  The  level  and  fertile  districts,  which 
lie  chiefly  on  the  sea  coast,  are  occupied  by  the 
Japanese.  The  capital,  Matsmai,  is  at  the  south- 
iCrn  extremity  of  the  island,  and  is  said  to  contain 
60,000  inhabitants. 

/cssorc,  district,  Bengal,  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  Jes- 
£orc,  the  capital,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Boirub 
river,  on  the  road  from  Calcutta  to  Dacca.  Lon. 
89°  16' E.  Lat.  23°  7' N. 

Jesuit's  RockSy  rocks  near  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lat.  17°  48' S. 

Jesup,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Jesus,  t.  Mexico,  in  San  Luis  de  Potozi. 

Jesus,  Isle  of.    See  Isle  Jesus. 

Jesus  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
162°  35' E.  Lat.  6°  50' S. 

Jesus  Maria,  the  most  southern  of  the  Admiral- 
ty islands.  Lon.  145°  28'  E.  Lat.  2°  22'  S. 

Jesus  Maria  de  los  Monies,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  60 
tn.  S.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  la  Nueva. 

Jetlingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Mindel,  14  m.  S. by 
W.  Dillingen.  Pop.  1,500. 

Jctze,  or  Jeeze,  r.  Prussia,  in  tlie  Old  Mark  of 
Brandenburg,  which  falls  into  the  Elbe  in  Lune- 
burg. 

Jever,  district  in  the  N.  W.  of  Germany,  on  the 
German  ocean,  between  East  Friesland  and  the 
■luchy  of  Oldenburg,  to  wliich  last  it  belongs.  Ex- 
tent, 106  sq.  miles.  Pop.  17,000. 

Jeier,  t  Grand  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  34  m.  N.  by 
W.  Oldenburg.     Pop.  3,500. 

Jeu-Mailloche,  t  France,  in  Indre,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Chateauroux. 

Jewells  cily,  p-v.  in  Griswold,  New-London  co. 
Ct6m.  N.E.  Norwich. 

Jeypore.     See  Jyenagur. 

Jtzdkast.     See  Yezdikhasf. 

Jezira  ul  Omar,  (an.  Bezabde,)  t.  Kurdistan,  on 
the  Tigris. 

Jezreel,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe  of 
Manasseh.  It  was  for  a  long  time  the  residence 
of  the  kings  of  Israel.  Near  it  is  the  valley  of  Es- 
draelon. 

Jhalauan,  territory  of  Persia,  the  S.  province 
of  Bcloochistan. 

Jhansi,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  71°  45'  E. 
Lat.  25°  31'  N. 

J/(ans«,  castle  in  Thibet.  Lon.  89°  23' E.  Lat. 
20°  50'  N. 

Jibbel  Auress,  or  Auras,  mountains  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  province  of  Constantina,  and  territory 
of  Algiers,  120  miles  in  circuit.  It  i?  a  large  Icuot 
of  eminences,  running  one  into  another,  with  sev- 
eral beautiful  vallies  intervening.  .4lmost  the 
•^bojeofit.  however.  i3  extremdy  fertile.     It  r? 


J  O  A 

inhabited  by  a  number  of  native  tribes,  who  enjoy 
their  own  laws,  and  live  nearly  independent.  An- 
cient ruins  are  spread  over  these  mountains  and 
their  intervening  vallies. 

Jibbel  Iskel,  (an.  Mons  Cerna)  m-t.  Tunis,  16 
m.  S.  W.  Bizerta. 

Jichmori,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Lithuania,  12  m.  W- 
Wilna, 

Jidda,  or  Judda,  s-p.  Arabia,  on  the  shore  of 
the  Red  sea.  It  may  be  considered  as  the  port  of 
Mecca,  and  is  supported  partly  by  maintaining  the 
trade  with  India  and  Egypt,  and  partly  by  the 
concourse  of  pilgrims.  It  is  situated  in  a  barren 
sandy  district,  destitute  of  water.  The  English 
are  the  only  European  nation  who  carry  on  a 
trade  here,  and  it  was  formerly  considerable  ;  but 
the  numerous  exactions  to  which  they  were  ex- 
posed have  now  reduced  it  to  a  low  ebb.  The  im- 
ports consist  'almost  exclusively  of  piece  goods 
from  the  coast  of  Coromandel  ;  to  which  is  added 
a  small  quantity  of  spices,  beetle-nut,  opium,  su- 
gar, tin,  and  tobacco.  Almost  the  only  export  is 
coffee.  Lon.  39°  15' E.  Lat.  21°  29' N.  Pop.  5,000- 

Jiddoon,  district.  Hind,  between  Cashmere  and 
the  river  Indus,  about  34°  N.  lat. 

Jigat  Point,  t.  Hind,  situated  at  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  Gujerat.  Lon.  69°  1'  E.  Lat.  22°  12'  N. 

Jigitonhonha,  r.  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  and 
district  of  Cerro  do  Frio,  famed  for  the  diamonds 
found  in  its  bed,  to  collect  which  great  works 
have  been  established  on  its  banks.  It  flows  into 
a  larger  river,  called  Rio  Grande,  which  enters 
the  Atlantic  in  lat.  16°  20'  S.  near  Porto  S^uro. 

JUion,  or  Gihon,  the  name  of  several  rivers  ia 
Asia,  the  principal  of  which  empties  into  the  sea 
of  Aral  on  the  S.  side.  It  is  the  ancient  Oxus,  and 
formerly  flowed  into  the  Caspian,  but  the  Tartars 
changed  its  course.  Its  whole  length  is  about  900 
miles.     It  is  also  called  the  Amu,  or  Amol. 

Jijel,  s-p.  Algiers,  in  Constantina,  30  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Boujeiah. 

JiUifree,  t.  Africa,  in  Barra,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Gambia,  near  its  mouth.  Lon.  16°  7'  W.  Lat. 
13°  16'  N. 

Jillootior,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  half  way  between 
Cawnpore  and  Lucknow. 

Jimmel,  t.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  27  m.  E.  S.  E.  Kair- 
wan. 

Jinneft,  s-p.  Algiers,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Yisser,  33  m.  E.  Algiers. 

Joachim,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Missouri. 

Joachimsthal,  t.  Bohemia.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood are  rich  mines  of  silver  and  cobajt.  60  m.  N. 
E.  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  53' E.  Lat.  50°  20'  N.  Pop. 
3,700. 

Joachimsthal,  t.  Brandenburg,  19  m.  S.  Prentz- 
low,  36  N.  N.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  55'  E.  Lat.  53^ 
5'xN. 

.Toag,  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  Kajaaga.  Lon.  10' 
W.  Lat.  14°  27'  N. 

Joal,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Bar-Sin. 
It  admits  vessels  drawing  ten  feet  of  water. 

Joana,  fort  and  town,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java. 
Lon.  111°  10' E.  Lat.  6°  40' S. 

Joanna,  or  Anjouan,  the  largest  of  the  Com- 
morro  islands,  of!  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  30  miles 
long  and  15  broad.  It  is  entirely  mountainous,  and 
exhibits  a  very  picturesque  appearance.  The 
sovereign  of  Joanna  takes  the  title  of  Sultan,  and 
formerly  bore  sway  over  the  whole  group  of  the 
Commorro  islands,  from  wJi  <  h  he  still  makes  a 
claim  of  tribute.  Grose  recko»is  the  population  at 
130,000 ;  but  M.  Capmartin,  a  much  more  recent 
visitor,  supposes  th?.t  it  doc3  not  exceed  six  or  sev- 


J  O  H 


J  O  L. 


355 


<iii  thousand.  In  fact,  this  and  the  other  Commor- 
ro  islands  have  been  desolated  for  thirty  years,  by 
the  inroads  of  a  band  of  most  desperate  pirates, 
called  the  Marati  or  iMal^ches,  who  have  estab- 
lished themselves  on  tlie  JV.  VV.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car. This  island  is  considerably  frequented  by 
Europeans,  and  particularly  by  English  vessels, 
for  water  and  provisions.  Lon.  44°  30'  E.  Lat.  12° 
34'  S. 

Joannes,  also  called  Marajo,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Amazon,  1 50  miles  long,  and  92  broad. 
It  is  much  cultivated,  and  produces  maize,  plan- 
tains, and  sugar  canes. 

Joanninuy  a  large  and  flourishing  city  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  the  capital  of  Albania.  The  situa- 
tion and  environs  are  extremely  beautiful.  The 
population  of  Joannina  appears  to  be  between 
35,000  and  40,000  composed  of  Greeks  and  Alba- 
nians, and  in  a  small  proportion  (about  a  tenth)  of 
Turks  and  Jews.  Their  language  is  the  Romaic 
or  modern  Greek.  It  is  chiefly  known  as  the  cap- 
ital of  the  celebrated  Ali  Pacha,  a  chief  who,  in 
this  part  of  the  Ottoman  empire,  exercises  an  al- 
most unlimited  power,  and  who  has  brought  un- 
der his  dominion,  not  only  the  whole  of  Albania 
and  ancient  Epirus,  but  also  a  considerable  part 
of  Thessaly.  His  annual  revenue  is  500,000/. ; 
his  regular  force  about  10,000  men;  his  militia, 
40,000.  Joannina  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  70 
m.  W.  Larissa,  (in  Thessaly)  115  S.  W.  Salonica, 
and  about  400  W.  by  S.  Constantinople.  Lon.  21° 
38'  E.  Lat.  39°  30'  N. 

Joanpore,  district.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  between 
the  Gogra  and  Ganges.  It  is  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated. The  inhabitants  are  nearly  in  equal  pro- 
portions of  Mahometans  and  Hindoos.  It  is  in  pos- 
session of  the  British.  Joanpore,  the  capital,  in 
the  15th  century,  was  the  most  celebrated  city  of 
Hindostan,  and  the  resort  of  all  the  learned  men  of 
the  a^e.  Many  of  the  Mosques,  and  some  of  the 
caravansaries  and  colleges  built  at  that  period, 
are  still  in  existence.  'The  fortress  is  on  a  high 
bank  of  the  river  Goomty,  and  is  built  of  stone. 
Joanpore  is  now  the  station  of  a  civil  establish- 
ment, of  judge,  &:c.  and  of  a  battalion  of  native 
infantry.     I^on.  82°  39'  E.  Lat.  25°  45'  N. 

Joar,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  in  Bur  Salum. 

Jobstoun,  p-t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

Jocelyn.     See  Josselin. 

Jockgrim,  or  Jockenum,  t.  Bavarian  province  of 
the  Rhine,  9  m.  S.  E.  Landau.     Pop.  800. 

Jodar,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bacza. 
Loio.  -3P  26'  W.  Lat.  37°  53'  N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Joffers  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norway, 
about  3  m.  N.  N.  E.  Long  Sound. 

Jogigopa,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmapootra.  Lon. 
90°30'E.  Lat.  26°  12' N. 

Johannesberg,  or  Bischoffsberg,  v.  and  castle  of 
the  duchy  of  Nassau,  in  the  W.  of  Germany.  It 
is  famed  for  the  best  species  of  Rhenish  wine.  18 
m.  W.  Mentz. 

Johann-Georgcn-Stadi,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Erzgebirgc,  24  m.  S.  Chemnitz,  64  S.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  2,650. 

Johannisburg,  or  Hansbork,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
Pysch,  88  m.  S,  S.  E.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  22°  2'  E. 
Lat.  53°  22'  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Johannisfadl,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Sarre,  opposite  Sarrebruck. 

Johannisthal,  t.  Moravia,  in  Troppau,  12  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Jagerndorf 

Johlingen,  v.  Baden,  S  m.  N.  by  E.  Carlsruhc- 
Pop.  1,700. 


Johns,  t.  Franklin  co.  Missouri. 
Johmburg,  t.  Warren  co.   N.  Y.  23  m.  N.  W. 
Caldwell.     Pop.  651. 

Johnshaven,  t.  Scotland,  in  Kincardine.  9  m.  N. 
by  E.  Montrose.     Pop.  1,000. 

John's  Island,  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  between 
Stono  river  and  North  Edisto  inlet,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Edisto  island,  20  m.  S.  W,  Charles- 
ton. It  is  about  12  miles  long,  and  6  broad.  The 
west  part  is  separated  from  the  main  part  of  the 
island  by  a  small  creek,  and  called  Wadmalaw. 
Stono  river  affords  a  good  harbor  for  vessels, 
John's  island  is  very  productive  in  cotton.  It  con- 
tains, with  Wadmelaw,  about  70  plantations,  and 
about  half  that  number  of  resident  plantei-g. 
Here  are  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1 
for  Episcopalians.  "The  planters  remain  on  the 
island  only  during  the  winter,  and  in  summer  re- 
side with  their  families  in  Charleston. 

Johnson,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt,  on  Lamoil  river, 
28  m.  N.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  494. 

Johnson,  co.  N.  C.  watered  by  Neuse  and  Little 
rivers.  Pop.  6,867.  Slaves,  2,330.  Chieftown, 
Smithfield. 

Johnson,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1818,  678.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Johnson,  Fort,  S.  C.  on  James  island,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Charleston  harbor. 

Johnsonsburg,  p-1^  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  10  m.  from 
Newtown. 

Johnson's  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Antigua.     Lon.  61°  35'  W.  Lat.  17°  10'  N. 
Jofinson''s  settlement,  p-v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 
John's  river,  N.  H.  which  falls  into  Connecti- 
cut river,  in  Dalton,  at  the  15  mile  falls. 

Johnston,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  1. 5  ra.  N.  Provi- 
dence.    Pop.  1,516. 

Johnstoju,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  W. 
Warren. 

Johnston,  Fort,  N.  C.  on  the  W.  bank  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  at  its  mouth. 

Johnston's  Island.     Sec  Lord  J^orth's  Island. 
Johnston'' s  store,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  S.  C. 
Johnston's  Straits,  channel  between  the  island 
of  Quadra-and- Vancouver,  and  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America.     Lon.  233'^  to  234°  46'  E.     Lat.  50° 
20'  to  50<=  35'  N. 

Johnstown,  v.  Scotland,  in  Renfrew,  4  m.  W. 
Paisley.     Pop.  3,647. 

Johnstoion,  district,  Up.  Canada,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence. 

Johnstown,  v.  in  Edwardsbnrg,  Up.  Canada, 
just  above  the  upper  rapids  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence. 

Johnstown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y, 
on  the  Mohawk,  41  m.  W.  Albany,  45  N.  Coop- 
erstown.     Pop.  6,225.     The  village  of  Johnstown 
is  about  4  m.  N.  of  the  river,  on  Canada  creek. 
It  contains  a  courthouse  and  jail,   an  academy, 
and  2  churches,  1  Episcopal  and  1  Presbyteriai}. 
Johnstown,  p-t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Newark. 
Johnstown-milh,  p-v.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 
Johorc,  t.  Malacca,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
that  peninsula,  on  a  river  which  falls  into  the 
straits  of  Sincaj)ure. 

Joigny,  t.  France,   in   Yonne,   34  m.   S.   W. 

Troyes.     Lon.  3°  25'  E.  Lat.  47°  59'  N.  Pop.  5,400. 

Joinvilk,  t.  France,  on  the  Marne,  70  m.  S.  S. 

E.  Rheims.    Lon.  5°  20-  E.  Lat.  48°  20'  N.   Pop. 

3,20«1. 

Jolliet,  seigniory,  Dorchester  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  river  Chaudiere,  20  ra.  S.  Quebec. 


36a 


J  O  K 


Jolsva,  ovJelschau,  t.  Hungary,  1 1  m.  N.  Gomer. 

Jolut,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  East  Green- 
land.    Lon.  46°  50'  W.  Lat.  60°  56'  N. 

Jonas  Island,  in  the  sea  of  Ochotsk.  Lon.  216° 
W  13"  W.  Lat.  56°  25'  30"  N. 

Jonasville,  p-v.  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

Jondel,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Ivica.     Lon.  1°  16'  E.  Lat.  38°  50' N. 

Jones,  CO.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  Trent,  Pop. 
4,968.     Slaves,  2,375.     Chief  town,  Trenton. 

Jones,  CO.  Geo.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Oakmul- 
gee.  Pop.  8,597.  Slaves,  2,587.  Chief  town, 
Clinton. 

JonesboTOvgh,  or  Chandlersville,  p-t.  Washing- 
ton CO.  Maine,  12  m.  W.  Machias.     Pop.  553. 

Jonesborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
East  Tennessee,  26  m.  from  Greenville,  101  E. 
J^noxville,  40  fr.  Abingdon,  (Va.) 

Jonesburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Camden  co.  N.  C.  6G 
in.  S.  Norfolk. 

Jmusburg,  t.  and  cap.  Union  co.  Illinois. 

Jones,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  79°  W. 
Lat.  58°  50'  N. 

,   Jones'*  Island,  isl.  in  Hudson's  bav.     Lon.  63° 
W.  Lat.  61°  52'  N. 

Jones*  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main, 
near  the  Mosquito  shore,  Lon.  82°  27'  W.  Lat. 
15°  35'  N. 

Jones"  mills,  p-v.  Cambria  so.  Pa, 

Jones'"  store,  p-v,  Halifax  co,  N,  C. 

Jonestown,  or  JVilliamsburg,  p-t.  Lebanon  co. 
Pa,  at  the  junction  of  Little  Swetara  with  Swe- 
tara  river,  23  m,  N.  E.  by  E,  Harrisburg,  89  N. 
W.  Philadelphia, 

Jonesville,  t,  Lee  co,  Va, 

Jonesville,  formerly  Marlinsboro^,  p-v.  Surry 
CO.  N,  C, 

Jonkakonda,  t.  Africa,  in  Yani,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Gambia,  25  m,  S,  W,  Pisania. 

Jonkioping,  government  of  Sweden,  comprising 
the  N.  part  of  the  province  of  Smaland.  Extent, 
3,200  sq.  miles.     Pop.  117,400. 

Jonkioping,  t,  Sweden,  and  cap.  of  the  above, 
is  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  lakes  Wetter, 
Monk,  and  Roth.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  high  courts 
of  justice  for  the  province  of  Gothland.  86  m, 
E.  Gottenburgh,  156  S,  W,  Stockholm.  Lon.  13° 
59'  E.  Lat.  57°  45'  N, 

Jonguieres,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  4  m,  E,  Or- 
ange, 8  W,  Carpentras. 

Jonquieres.     See  Marligues. 

Jonsac,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  13  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Montlieu.     Pop,  2,300. 

Joogdea,  or  Jugdya,  t.  Bengal,  near  the  sea,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Little  Fenny  river.  Lon.  91° 
12'  E.  Lat.  20°  50'  N. 

Jcoria,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Gujcrat.  Lon.  70°  40'  E, 
Lat.  22°  40'  N. 

jQo:y,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges, 
opposite  AUahabad.  Lon.  81°  52'  E.  Lat,  25° 
27'  xN, 

Joppa,    See  Jaffa. 

Joppa,  t,  Harford  co.  Md.  20  m.  E,  by  N,  Balti- 
more, 

Jordan,  r.  Palestine,  and  the  only  stream  of  im- 
portance by  which  that  countiy  is  watered.  It 
rises  in  the  mountain  called  Jebel  Sheik,  the  an- 
cient Hermon,  and  passing  by  Caesarea  Philippi, 
called  now  Panias,  unites  witfi  other  streams  in 
forming  a  lake,  called  in  scripture  Merom.  It 
soon  after  enters  the  N,  side  of  the  great  lake  call- 
ed the  sea  of  Tiberias,  from  the  S,  extremity  of 
which  it  again  issues.    It  then  flows  almost  due 


J  U  A 

south,  tlirough  an  extensive  plain,  till  it  fails  into 
the  Dead  sea,  or  lake  of  Asphaltites.  Length,  120 
miles. 

Jorgenthal,  t.  Bohemia,  in  Leutmcritz,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Kamnitz. 

Jorhat,  cap,  of  Assam,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Brahmapootra,  40  m.  S,  W.  Ghergong.  Lon,  94°' 
10'  E.  Lat,  26°  45'  N. 

Jori,  r,  Asiatic  Georgia,  which  falls  into  the 
Kur,  on  the  frontier  of  Schirvan, 

Jorjan,  or  Corcan,  t.  Persian  province  of  Aste- 
rabad,  E,  of  the  Caspian,  100  m.  W.Mesched,  300 
N.  N,  E.  Ispahan. 

Jorkau,  or  Boreck,  t.  Bohemia,  13  m,  N.  Saatz. 
Lon,  13°  26'  E.  Lat,  50°  28'  N,     Pop,  1,£00. 

Joseph's  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
near  the  coast  of  Florida-  Lon.  89°  30'  W.  Lat. 
30°  8'  N. 

Josephstadt,  t.  and  fort,  Bohemia,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Metau  and  the  Elbe,  70  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Prague.     Pop.  1,300, 

Josimath,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur.  Lon.  79°  38' 
E.  Lat.  30°  34' N. 

Joslowitz,  t.  Moravia,  9  m.  S.  E.  Znaym.  Pop. 
850. 

Josselin,  or  Jocelyn,  t,  France,  in  Morbihan,  on 
the  Ouste.  Pop,  2,700.  Lon.  2°  33'  W.  Lat.  47° 
58' N. 

Jotaco,  (an.  Astams,)  small  isl.  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, belonging  to  the  Ionian  republic,  between 
Ithaca  and  the  mainland. 

Jouan,  bay,  in  the  S.  E.  of  France,  not  far  from 
Antibes.  Here  Bonaparte  landed,  on  his  return 
from  Elba,  1st  March  1815, 

Jouarre,  t,  France,  in  Seine-and-Mame,  11  m. 
E,  Meaux,     Pop.  2,100, 

Joudpore,  extensive  principaUty,  Hind,  in  the 
province  of  Ajmeer.  Its  proper  name  is  Mar- 
war,  Joudpore,  the  capital,  carries  on  a  consid- 
erable traffic  with  Gujerat  and  Dekkan.  Lon- 
73°  18'E.  Lat,  26°  27' N. 

Joue,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  4  m.  S. 
Tours, 

Joue,  t,  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  16  m.  N. 
W,  Ancenis.     Pop.  1,900. 

Jougues,  V.  France,  in  Mouths-of-tke  Rhone,  12 
m.  N.  E,  Aix.    Pop,  600. 

Jourdain,     See  He  Jourdain. 

Jourdans,  p-v.  Lincoln  co,  Geo. 

Joux,  valley,  and  lake,  Switzerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Vaud. 

Joux,  fort,  in  the  E.  of  France,  on  a  high  rock 
on  the  Doubs.  It  commands  the  great  road  to 
Switzerland. 

Jouy,  v,  France,  3  m,  S,  Versailles,  Pop,  1,000. 

Jouy  aux  Arches,  v.  France,  on  the  Moselle, 
near  Metz. 

Jouy  le  Chatel,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne, 
11  m.'N.  W.  Provins.     Pop.  1,000, 

Joy,  formerly  Kingsville,  p-t,  Kennebec  co.  Me. 
30  m,  N,  Augusta, 

Joyeuse,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  on  the  Beaune, 
6  m,  S.  by  W.  Argentiere. 

Joyosa,  t,  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the  bay  of  Ali- 
cant,  20  m.  N.  E.  Alicant. 

Josefow,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistula,  27  m.  N, 
Sendomir,  44  W.  by  S.  Lublin, 

Juan  de  Ulua,  isl,  on  the  coast  of  Mexico,  in  the 
bay  of  Vera  Cruz,  A  very  strong  fortress  now 
covers  nearly  the  whole  rock,  the  expense  of 
which  is  said  to  have  been  upwards  of  eight  nril- 
lions  sterling, 

Juan  Fernandez.    See  Fernandes, 


J  u 


J  U  M 


357 


Juanico,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  California.  Lon. 
107°  41'  W.  Lat.  21°  45'  N. 

Juan  Rodriquez  Cabrillo,  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
New  California.    Lon.  120°  31'  W.     Lat.  34°  N. 

J2iaye,  t,  France,  in  Calvados,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Caen. 

Jublains,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Mayenne. 

Jubones,  r.  Peru,  which  enters  the  bay  of  Tum- 
bez,  in  lat.  3°  20'  S. 

Jttcatan.     See  Yucatan, 

Juchipila,  t.  Mexico,  60  m.  N.  Guadalaxara. 
Lon.  267°  45'  W.  Lat.  22°  48'  N. 

Judea,  Canaan,  or  Palestine,  in  Sac.  Geog^.  a 
country  of  Asia.  Judea  proper  comprised  only 
the  country  occupied  by  the  tribes  of  Benja- 
min and  Judah,  in  distinction  from  Sama- 
ria, Galilee,  &c.  and  was  bounded  E.  by  the 
Jordan,  S.  by  Idumea,  W.  by  the  Mediterranean, 
and  N.  by  the  tribe  of  Ephraim.  In  its  larger 
sense,  Judea  comprised  all  the  country  belonging 
to  the  12  tribes  of  Israel,  bounded  E.  by  Arabia, 
S.  by  the  desert  of  Beersheba,  VV.  bythe  Mediter- 
ranean, and  N.  by  Sidon  and  Libanus.  See  Ca- 
naan. 

Judenburg,  t.  Inner  Austria,  and  cap.  of  the  cir- 
cle of  Judenburg,  is  on  tlie  left  bank  of  the 
Muhr,  38  m.  W.  by  N.  Gratz,  108  S.  W.  Vienna. 
Lon.  140  42'  E.  Lat.  47°  43'  N.  Pop.  2,300.  The 
circle  contains  2,250  sq.  miles,  and  95,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

Judges,  cluster  of  rocks,  off  Cape  Dereada,  at 
the  entrance  into  the  straits  of  Magellan  from  the 
Pacific. 

Judith,  Point,  the  W.  point  at  the  entrance  of 
Narraganset  bay,  R.  I. 

Judoigne,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  on 
the  Geele,  24  m.  S.  E.  Brussels.  Lon.  4°  50'  E. 
Lat.  50°  48'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Jug,  r.  Russia,  which  unites  with  the  Suchona 
near  Ustiug,  in  Vologda,  to  form  the  Upper 
Dwina. 

Jugdispore,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  20  m.  from  Patna. 

Juggemath,  Juggernaut,  or  Jagatnatha,  a  cele- 
brated temple  and  place  of  Hindoo  worship,  on 
the  sea  coast  of  Orissa,  a  few  miles  N.  E.  of  the 
Chilka  lake.  Seen  from  a  distance,  it  is  a  shape- 
less mass  of  building,  but  forms  an  excellent  land- 
mark for  navigators  in  approaching  so  Iowa  coast. 
It  is  surrounded  by  several  courts  or  inclosures, 
into  the  interior  of  which  no  European  is  admit- 
ted. The  idol  of  Juggernath  is  said  to  be  made 
of  wood,  to  have  a  frightful  black  visage,  with  a 
distended  mouth  foaming  with  blood.  On  each 
side  of  him  is  seated  another  image,  one  of  which 
is  painted  white,  the  other  yellow  :  the  first  is  said 
to  be  the  image  of  his  sister  Shubudra,  the  other 
his  brother  Balaram.  On  particular  festivals,  the 
images  are  superbly  dressed,  and  placed  on  an  im- 
mense chariot  or  moving  tower,  which  is  drao-»ed 
by  the  pilgrims  a  certain  distance,  and  then^re- 
turned  to  the  temple.  It  is  during  this  procession 
that  some  of  the  devotees  sacrifice  themselves,  by 
falling  under  the  wheels  of  the  machine.  The 
concourse  of  Hindoo  pilgrims  to  this  shrine  is  im- 
mense; and  the  revenue  derived  from  them 
amounts  to  12,000/.  per  annum.  Lon.  86"  5'  E. 
Lat.  19°49'N. 

Jugnac,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  18  m.  S.  An- 
gouleme.   Pop.  1,300. 

Juigne,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  3  m,  N.  E.  Sable. 

Juilhac,  t.  Franc#,  ia  Corr«ze,  19  m.  W,  Tulle. 
Pop.  2.000. 


Juillac  le  Coq,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  6  m.  S. 
Cognac.     Pop.  1,500. 

Juilly,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  9  m.  N. 
W.  Meaux. 

Juine,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Etampes, 

Juist,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  East  Friesland,  11 
miles  in  circumference ;  6  m.  W.  N.  W.  Norden, 
30  N.  E.  Stettin.     Lon.  14°  44'  E.  Lat.  53°  50'  N. 

Jujui,  city,  Buenos  Ayres,  in  Tucuman,  61  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Salta,  275  N.  Santiago  del  Estero,  in  lat, 
23°  19'  S. 

Jujui,  r.  Buenos  Ayres,  which  enters  the  Ver- 
mejo,  in  lat.  24°  50'  S.  It  is  called  St.  Salvador, 
or  Rio  Grande,  and  Rio  Dulce.  Its  whole  course 
is  300  miles. 

Jvkah,  t.  Hind,  in  Sinde.  Lon.  69°  E.  Lat. 
25°  N. 

Julamerick,  district,  Kurdistan,  having  Arme- 
nia on  the  N.  and  the  pachalic  of  Bagdad  on  the 
S.     120  m.  E,  S.  E.  Betlis. 

Juli,  t.  Peru,  in  Chucuito,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  lake  Chucuito,  96  m.  N.  W.  La  Paz. 

Julia,  t  Sicily,  in  Val  di  Demoua.     Pop.  3,500, 

Julian  Alps.     See  Alps. 

Julier,  mt.  Switz.  in  the  Grison  country,  be- 
longing to  the  northern  chain  of  the  Alps. 

Juliers,  formerly  a  duchy  of  Westphalia,  now 
forming  part  of  the  provinces  in  the  western  divis- 
ion of  the  Prussian  dominions.  Its  extent  was  1 ,600 
sq.  miles;  pop.  200,000;  revenue,  100,000/. 

Juliers,  or  Julich,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  ,  22  m.  W.  Cologne,  15  N.  E.  Dussel- 
dorf.  Lon.  6°  30'  E.  Lat.  50°  55'  N.     Pop.  2,150. 

Juliestoivn,  p-t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

Juliet,  Mount,  mt.  Illinois,  on  the  N.  side  of  Des- 
planes  river,  near  its  junction  with  the  Kankakee. 
Lon.  88°  44'  W.  Lat.  42°  5'  N. 

Julita,  t.  Sweden,  in  Sudermania,  35  m.  N.  W. 
Nykioping. 

Juliusburg,  or  Dreske,  t.  Silesia,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Breslau.     Lon.  17°  22'  E.  Lat  51°  15'  N. 

Juilie,  V.  France,  in  Rhone,  7  m.  N.  by  E,  Beau- 
jeu.     Pop.  1,100. 

Jumboo,  or  Jummoo,  district.  Hind,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Chunab,  or  Acosines  river.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  an  independent  Hindoo  chief. — Jumboo, 
the  capital,  is  on  the  high  road  from  Cashmere  to 
Delhi,  and  its  chief  giving  much  encouragement 
to  merchants,  it  is  a  flourishing  town.  Lon.  74° 
5'  E.  Lat.  33°  N. 

Jumboosier,  i.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  72°  58' 
E.  Lat.  22°  5'  N. 

Jumeaux,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Issoire.     Pop.  1,100. 

Jumelicre,  La,  v.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire, 
14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,200. 

Jumelles,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  6  m. 
E.  Beaufort.     Pop.  1,450. 

Juniet,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  3  m.  N. 
Charleroi.     Pop.  5,000. 

Jumettas,  or  Yitmetlas  Keys,  islets  among  the 
Bahamas,  extending  from  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Yu- 
ma.   Lon.  76°  W.  Lat.  22°  40'  N. 

Jumiege,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  14  m.  S.  S, 
W.  Rouen.     Pop.  1,700. 

Jumilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  24  m.  W.  Villena, 
65  N.  by  W.  Carthagena.  Lon.  2°  W.  Lat.  38« 
26' N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Jumillac  le  Grand,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  9  m. 
N.  Exideuil.     Pop.  2,500. 

Jumna,  or  Yumna,  a  celebrated  river  of  Hia- 
dostan,  which  rises  in  the  Himaleh  mountams, 
and,  after  passing  the  cities  of  Delhi  and  Agra, 


358 


J  U  H 


falls  into  the  Ganges  at  Allahabad,  Its  length 
may  be  estimated  at  780  miles.  Near  its  junction 
with  the  Chumbul,  it  is  fordable  from  the  month 
of  October  till  June. 

Juna^  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lon. 
9°  54'  E.  Lat.  40°  8'  N. 

Junaguvf  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  70°  33'  E. 
Lat.  21°  48'  N. 

Juncal,  s-p.  Chili,  50  m.  N.  Copiapo.  Lat.  25° 
42' S. 

Junco,r.  Grain  coast  of  Guinea,  which  falls  into 
the  sea,  90  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cape  Monte. 

Jung  Buntzlau.     See  Buntzlau. 

Jungcera,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  on  the  Ganges. 
Lon.  86°  33'  E.  Lat.  25°  10'  N. 

Jungerpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  38' 
E.  Lat.  23°  49' N. 

Jwigferberg,  or  Diwizagora^  mt.  Russia,  in  Ca- 
san,  on  the  Wolga. 

Juiigfrau,  lofty  mountain  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  canton  of  Bern,  13,600  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea. 

Jimgfrun,  rock,  6  miles  in  circuit,  on  the  coast 
of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic,  very  dangerous  to  navi- 
gators.   Lon.  17°  10'  E.  Lat.  61°  10'  N. 

Jungipore,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Bhagerutty  river, 
the  principal  silk  establishment  of  the  East  India 
company.     Lon.  88°  13'  E.  Lat.  24°  28'  N. 

Junglebary,  t,  Bengal,  on  the  Brahmapootra 
river.     Lon.  90°  28'  E.  Lat.  24°  27'  N. 

Jungnau,  t.  Suabia,  14  m.  W.  Buchau,  40  S. 
Stutgard. 

JuniaHa,  r.  Pa.  which  joins  the  Susquehannali, 
11m.  above  Harrisburg. 

JuniaUa,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,233. 

Junius^  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  N.  end  of 
Seneca  lake,  20  m.  N.  Ovid,  182  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  2,251.  In  this  town  are  the  villages  of  West 
Cayuga,  Seneca,  and  Waterloo.  Junius  is  on 
aavigable  waters,  and  well  situated  for  trade. 

Juniville,  v.  France,  in  Ardennes,  6  m.  S.  Be- 
thel.    Pop.  1,000. 

Junkseylon,  isl.  at  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
peninsula.  It  is  54  miles  long,  by  15  broad,  and 
is  valuable  on  account  of  its  tin  mines.  It  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  Siamese,  but  was  conquer- 
ed by  the  Birmans  in  1810. 

Junnere,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad.  Lon.  73°  51' 
E.  Lat.  19°  3'  N. 

Ju7ioh,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  43' E.  Lat. 
23°  23'  N. 

Junossuvando,  t.  Norwegian  Lapland,  with  an 
extensive  iron  mine  and  smelting  furnace,  the 
most  northern  in  the  world,  being  situated  in  lat. 
67°  30'. 

Junquera,  La,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  19  m.  W. 
by  N.  Rosas.     Pop.  700. 

Juntas,  r.  Quito,  in  Jaende  Bracamoros,  which 
receiving  various  tributary  streams,  changes  its 
name  to  Santiago,  and  enters  the  Amazon. 

Jura,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  or  western  islands 
of  Scotland,  situated  N.  E.  of  the  island  of  Islay. 
It  is  26  miles  long,  and  on  an  average  7  broad, 
contaming  68,500  Scots  acres,  of  which  only  3000 
are  arable.  It  is  the  mo^^t  rugged  of  the  western 
isles.    Pop.  in  1811,  1,157. 

Jura,  mountains,  Europe,  which  commence 
near  Geneva,  and  extend  N.  along  the  frontier  of 
France  and  Switzerland,  separating  the  depart- 
ments of  Ain,  Jura,  and  Doubs,  from  the  cantons 
of  Geneva,   Vaud,  Neufchatel,  and  Bern.    On 


J  Y  E 

reaching  the  French  department  of  the  Upptfi' 
Rhine,  they  divide  into  two  main  arms :  the  east- 
ern runs  through  the  cantons  of  Solothurn  and 
Aargau,  ending  on  the  Rhine ;  the  western  con- 
tinues its  course  due  north,  but  soon  loses  the  name 
of  Jura,  and  assumes  that  of  Vosges. — See  Vosges, 

Jura,  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  border- 
ing on  Switzerland.  Extent,  2,050  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  300,000. 

Jura,  r.  East  Prussia,  which  falls  into  the  Me- 
mel  near  Schreitlanken. 

Jurat,  ridge  of  hills,  Switz.  in  Vaud,  which 
branches  off  from  the  great  Jura  chain  S.  E.  and 
joins  the  Alps. 

Jurho,  or  Turbo,  r.  S.  America,  which  runs  inta 
the  gulf  of  Darien.  Lon.  76°  44'  W.  Lat.  8° 
15'  N. 

Juree,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  73°  33'  E.  Lat. 
25°  34'  N. 

Jurjev-Polskoi,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  38  m.  N.  W,  Via- 
dimir,  100  N.  E.  Moscow. 

Jurjogorod.    See  Dorpat. 

Jurjura,  mt.  Algiers,  connected  with  the  Atlas, 
and  the  loftiest  mountain  in  Eastern  Barbary. 

JuruUo,  a  remarkable  volcano  of  Mexico,  in 
the  intendancy  of  Valladolid,  situated,  according 
to  the  observations  of  Humboldt,  in  lon.  103°  51' 
48"  W.  lat.  19°  9'  N.  It  was  formed  in  one  night, 
in  the  year  1759,  in  the  middle  of  a  beautiful,  fer- 
tile, and  pleasant  valley.  The  highest  part  has  an 
elevation  of  524  feet.  30  m.  S.  Pasquaio,  65  S. 
W.  by  S.  Valladolid. 

Jussey,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Saone,  on  the 
Amance,  at  its  junction  with  the  Saone.  19  m.  N. 
W.  Vesoul.  Lon.  5°  59' E.  Lat.  47°  49' N.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Justlahuaca,  t.  in  Mexico,  40  leagues  S.  E.  Mex- 
ico. Lon.  275°  40'  E.  Lat.  18°  N. 

Juferbock,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Brandenberg, 
on  the  Rohrbach,  18  m.  N.  E.  Wittenberg,  29  S. 
Potzdam. 

Jutland,  province,  Denmark,  which  comprised 
formerly  the  whole  peninsula  forming  the  main- 
land of  the  Danish  dominions ;  but  the  name  is 
now  confined  to  the  northern  half  of  the  peninsula, 
extending  from  55°  to  58°  N.  lat.  The  southern 
half  is  better  known  by  the  name  of  Sleswick.  Jut- 
land in  this  circumscribed  sense  is  180  miles  long, 
and  from  70  to  95  broad.  Extent,  9,200  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  440,000.  The  climate  is  similar  to  that  of 
the  north  of  England.  The  pasturages  are  rich 
and  extensive.  The  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  speak 
Danish.  The  gentry  speak  German.  The  pre- 
vailing religion  is  the  Lutheran.  The  chief  ex- 
ports are  corn  and  cattle  ;  of  the  former,  the  great 
articles  are  rye  and  oats. 

Jutroszin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  56  m.  S.  Posen. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Jutwar,  or  Jhutwar,  district.  Hind,  province  of 
Gujerat.  It  extends  along  the  Banass  river,  near 
its  junction  with  the  gulf  of  Cutch. 

Juvardeil,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  14  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Angers. 

Juvigne,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  9  m,  S.  W.  Er- 
nee,  17  N.  W.  Laval. 

Juvigny,^.  France,  in  Orne,  6  m.  S.  E.  Domfront. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Juvigny,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  7  m.  N.  W.  Cha- 
lons sur  Marne,  19  S.  Rheims. 

Jyenagur,  or  Jyepore,  principality.  Hind,  be- 
tween 25°  and  29°  N.  lat.  in  the  E.  extremity  of 
the   province  of  Ajmeer,  150  miles  long  by  70 


K  A  F 

troad.  This  territory  comprehends  the  most  pop- 
ulous and  best  cultivated  part  of  the  province  ;  it 
produces  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  and  all  the  grains 
of  Hindostan.  It  has  also  a  salt-water  lake,  which 
produces  the  greater  portion  of  salt  used  in  that 
part  of  the  country,  Jyenagur,  the  capital,  is 
reckoned  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  regular 
towns  of  India.  It  is  a  great  mart  for  horses,  and 
carries  on  a  considerable  traffic  with  all  parts  of 
IntMa.    The  rajah  has  lately  been  taken  luider  the 


K  A  I 


359 


British  protection.  liOn.  75°  40'  E.  Lat.  26® 
56'  N. 

Jyhtpore,  or  Jeylpore,  t.  and  fortress,  Hind,  ifl 
Allahabad.  It  now  belongs  to  the  Mahrattas.  Lon. 
80°  50'  E.  Lat.  25°  14'  N. 

Jykill  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the 
mouth  of  Turtle  river.  Jykill  sound  is  at  the  S. 
end  of  the  island.  It  communicates  through  an 
inlet  with  Turtle  river,  and  receives  Little  Satil- 
la  river.  In  this  sound  there  is  good  anchorage  for 
large  vessels. 


K. 


K^ARTA,  kingdom,  W.  Africa,  bounded  E.  by 
JBambarra.  It  is  about  200  miles  long  and  80  broad. 
Kemmoo  is  the  capital. 

Kaatskill    See  CatskiU. 

Kabaiiia,  fort.  A.  Russia,  270  m,  S.  Tobolsk. 

Kabanoua,  or  Kabanouska,  fort  A.  Russia,  86 
m.  S.  Tomsk. 

Kabarda,  territory  of  Russia,  in  Asia,  extend- 
ing along  the  southern  bank  of  the  Terek,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Caspian  sea.  It  is  divided  into  the 
Great  and  Little  Kabarda.  Both  own  the  su- 
premacy of  Russia. 

Kabold,  or  Kabersdorf,  t.  Hungary,  45  m.  S.  Vi- 
enna. 

Kabour,  r.  Bagdad,  which  falls  into  the  Eu- 
phrates near  Kerkesia. 

Kabra.     See  Cabra. 

Kabruang,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  126°  30' 
E.     Lat.  3°  50'  N. 

Kabul,  and  Kabulistan.     See  Cabvl. 

Kaden,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Egra,  44  m.  S.  Dres- 
den.    Pop.  2,750. 

Kadesh,  in  Sac.  Geog.  3  towns  in  Palestine,  1  in 
the  tribe  of  Judah ;  1  in  the  tribe  of  Naphtali ;  and 
1  in  the  tribe  of  Issachar. 

Kadesh,  or  Kadesh-Barnea,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a 
place  in  the  wilderness,  south  of  Palestine,  be- 
tween Egypt  and  Idumea. 

Kadirgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  79°  2'  E. 
Lat.  27°  50'  N. 

Kadom,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  130  m.  N.  by 
E.  Tambov,  229  E.  S.  E.  Moscow.  Pop.  5,000. 

Kady,  or  Kadiei,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Pemda, 
which  falls  into  the  Wolga.  109  m.  E.  Kostroma. 

Kaefermarkt,  t.  Upper  Austria,  4  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Freustadt,  17  N.  E.  Lintz. 

Kueferlhal,  v.  Baden,  3  m.E.  N.  E.  Manheim. 

Kaffraria,  territory.  South  Africa,  extending 
along  the  coast  in  a  N.  E.  direction,  from  the 
Great  Fish  river,  which  separates  it  from  the  col- 
ony of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  to  the  Key's  river, 
which  divides  it  from  the  country  of  the  Tam- 
bookies.  It  is  entirely  independent,  and  is  inhab- 
ited by  a  native  people,  called  Kaffres,  or  Koussis. 
They  differ  in  every  respect  from  the  bordering 
race  of  the  Hottentots;  and  there  is  not  perhaps 
in  the  world  a  finer  race  of  men,  as  to  external  fig- 
ure :  they  are  tall,  robust,  muscular,  and  hand- 
some. Though  black,  or  very  nearly  so,  they 
have  not  a  line  of  the  Africasi  negro,  either  in 
their  countenance  or  persons.  The  Kaffres  are 
considerably  moi'e  addicted  to  agriculture  than 


the  Hottentots.  Pasturage,  however,  is  a  much 
more  favourite  and  general  occupation.  Their 
general  habits  are  peaceable.  Their  chief  wars 
are  with  the  savage  Bosjesmans.  They  have  had 
occasional  contests  with  the  colonists,  in  which 
the  blame  rested  commonly  with  the  latter  ;  and 
when  victors,  they  have  never  been  guilty  of  any 
cruelty.  European  mariners  shipwrecked  upon 
their  coast  have  been  treated  with  the  greatest  hu- 
manity. 

Kahabaw.     See  Cahabaw. 

Kahla,  t.  Altenburg,  on  the  Saale,  39  m.  W.  by 
S.  Altenburg,  8  S.  Jena.     Pop.  1,800. 

Kahlwang,  v.  Austrian  states,  in  Styria,  14  ra.. 
N.  by  W.  knittelfeld,  17  W.  Leoben. 

Kahm.     See  Cham. 

Kahokia.     See  Cahokia. 

Kai,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Kama,  124  m.  N.  E. 
Viatka. 

Kaia,  v.  near  Lutzen,  in  Prussian  Saxony,  re- 
markable in  the  battle  of  2d  May  1813,  between 
the  French  and  the  allied  Russian  and  Prussian 
army. 

Kai'm,  v.  Scotland,  in  Morayshire. 

Kaimoo,  v.  Bambarra,  in  W.  Africa,  on  the  Ni 
ger.  Lon.  3°  46'  W.  Lat.  13°  56'  N. 

Kainske,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tomsk. 

Kair,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  on  the  Goda- 
very. 

Kaira,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  on  the  Sabermatt\ 
Lon.  72°  45'  E.  Lat.  22°  45'  N. 

Kairwan,  or  Kairoan,  city,  Tunis,  in  N.  Africa, 
second  only  to  the  capital  in  population  and  com- 
merce. The  great  mosque  here  is  esteemed  at 
once  the  most  magnificent  and  most  sacred  in 
Barbary.  Lon.  9°  57'  E.  Lat.  35°  36'  N. 

Kaisarieh,  city,  Asia  Minor,  the  ancient  capital 
of  Cappadocia,  called  Casarea,  in  honour  of  Tibe- 
rias Caasar.  It  is  the  resort  of  merchants  from  all 
parts  of  Asia  Minor  and  Syria,  who  come  to  pur- 
chase cotton,  which  is  here  cultivated  in  great 
quantities.  Lon.  35°  18'  E.   Lat.  38°  41'  N. 

Kaiserberg,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  on  the 
Weiss,  9  m.  W.  by  N.  Colmar.     Pop.  2,500. 

Kaiser slautem,  or  Lautem,  t.  of  the  Bavarian 
province  on  the  Rhine,  3^1  m.  W.  N.  W.  Spire,  42 
S.  S.  W.  Mentz.  Lon.  7°  46'  E.  Lat.  49°  26'  N- 
Pop.  2,360. 

Kaisershihl,  or  Kaisersladi,  t.  Switz.  in  Aargau^ 
on  the  Rhine,  with  a  bridge  over  the  river,  6  m. 
N.  E.  Eglisau,  9  S.  E.  Zurzach.    Pop.  1,700. 


360 


K  A  L 


K  A  M 


Kaisersicerth,  t.  Prussian  territories,  on  tlie 
Rhine,  5  m.  N.  by  W.  Dusseldorf, 

Kajaaga,  or  Gallam,  country,  W.  Africa,  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  Senegal.  The  capital  is  Gal- 
lam. 

Kaketi,  the  most  easterly  and  mountainous  prov- 
ince of  Georgia,  in  Asia. 

Kakiat,  p-v.  in  Hampstead,  N.  Y. 

Kakkabban,  isl.  Eastern  sea,  40  m.  E.  Borneo. 
Lon.  1 16°  50'  E.  Lat.  2°  8'  N. 

Kakundy,  t.  W.  Africa,  near  the  head  of  the 
Rio  Nunez.  Here  major  Peddie,  and  captain 
Campbell  died.     160  m.  N.  Sierra  Leone. 

Kalatoe,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  122°  15' 
E.  Lat.  7°  18'  S. 

Kalcobo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
117°  39' E.  Lat.  5°  20' S. 

Kaldenkirchen,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves- 
and-Berg,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ruremond.     Pop.  l,900.f 

Kale,  r.  Scotland,  in  Roxburghshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Teviot. 

Kalfskar,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon. 
20°  35'  E.  Lat.  62^  34'  N. 

Kalfven,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon. 
17°  7'  E.  Lat.  61°  3'  N. 

Kalgujev,  isl.  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  ocean, 
belonging  to  Archangel,  in  48°  of  E.  lon.  and  69° 
of  N.  lat. 

KaUiat,  or  Calhat,  s-p.  Arabia,  in  Ammon,  on 
the  Persian  gulf,  80  m,  S,  E.  Muscat. 

Kalingi,  v.  Greece,  in  Attica,  5  m.  from  Mara- 
thon. 

Kalisch,  or  Kaliss,  t.  kingdom  of  Poland,  on  the 
frontier  of  the  Prussian  territory,  and  capital  of 
one  of  the  eight  palatinates  into  which  the  part  of 
Poland  subject  to  Russia  has  lately  been  divided. 
It  is  surrounded  by  walls.  Pop.  6,400.  66  m.  N. 
W.  Breslau,  126  W.  by  S.  Warsaw.  The  palati- 
nate of  Kalisch  contains  350,000  inhabitants. 

Kalits  ul  Fars,  or  Canal  o/Morez,  branch  of  the 
Nile,  which  commences  30  m.  below  Cairo,  and 
terminates  in  Lake  Menzaleh. 

Kalkas,  a  race  of  Mongols,  who  inhabit  an  ex- 
tensive tract  of  country  to  the  north  of  China, 
bordering  on  Siberia.     See  Mongolia. 

Kalkoon,  or  Turkey  Islands,  small  islands  in  the 
Eastern  sea.     Lon.  1 15°  45'  E.  Lat.  6°  15'  S. 

Kalla,  small  island  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon. 
23°  26'  E.  Lat.  64°  20'  N. 

Kallerasch,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  36  m, 
from  Jassy. 

Rallies,  t.  Pomerania,  34  m.  E.  Stargard.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Kallmunz,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence-  of  the 
Nab  and  the  Vils,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
900. 

Kalh^  M'aggy  or  Great,  t.  Hungary,  39  m.  S.  E. 
Tokay. 

Kallunborg,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Zealand,  with  an  excellent  harbour.  69  m.  W. 
Copenhagen.  Lon.  11°  6'  33"  E.  Lat.  55°  40' 
54'  N.   Pop.  1,400. 

Kalmar.     See  Calmar. 

Kalmitcs,  a  tribe  of  Tartars  inhabiting  the  coun- 
try south  of  the  Altay  mountains,  between  lon.  70° 
and  90°  E.     Their  wealth  consists  in  their  cattle. 

Kalnick,  ridge  of  mountains  in  Croatia. 

Kaloper,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  42  m.  N. 
E.  Philippopoli . 

Kalpaki,  v.  Greece,  in  Arcadia. 

Kalsching,  t.  Bohemia,  87  m.  S.  by  W.  Prague. 

Kalten-Js'ordheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Wei- 
mar,  on  the  Fulda.  23  ro,  S.  Evsenach.  Poo. 
1,150. 


Kallemtein,  i.  Austrian  Silesia,  10  m.  S.  Neissc, 

Kalubblub,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near 
Mindanao.    Lon.  121°  32'  E.  Lat.  6°  46' N. 

Kaluga,  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  bounded  by 
those  of  Moscow,  Smolensko,  Tula,  and  Orel,  ly- 
ing between  35°  48'  and  37°  52'  E.  lon.  and  51° 
and  54°  30'  N.  lat.  Extent,  8,500  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
in  1796,  853,000,  and  is  now  considerably  in- 
creased. The  chief  products  are  com,  hemp,  and 
flax. 

Kaluga,  t.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  the  government 
of  Kaluga,  lies  on  the  Oka.  It  has  manufactures 
of  canvas,  cotton,  paper,  hats,  woollen,  and  leath- 
er. 107  m.  S.  W.  Moscow,  437  S.  E.  St.  Peters- 
burg.    Lon.  36°  5'  E.  Lat.  54°  3'  N.    Pop.  17,000. 

Kalwary,  t.  Poland,  in  Augustow,  76  m.  W.  by 
S.Wilna.     Pop.  2,700. 

Kama,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Wol- 
ga,  24  m.  below  Kasan. 

Kamak,  v.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  the  Euphrates, 
10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Erzerum. 

Kamalia,  t.  Manding,  in  W.  Africa.  Lon.  6° 
25'  W.  Lat.  12°  40'  N. 

Kamalia,  v.  Bambarra,  in  W.  Africa,  on  the  Ni- 
ger, 18m.S.W.  Sego. 

Kaman,  v.  Caramania,  in  A.  Turkey,  27  m.  N. 
W.  Kaisarieh, 

Kamarskoi,  fort,  A.  Russia,  on  the  S.  E.  frontier 
of  the  empire. 

Kamatchins,  people  of  Siberia,  inhabiting  the 
right  bank  of  the  Yenisei. 

Kambamba,  district  of  Angola,  in  Africa,  on  the 
river  Coango,  180  m.  S.  E.  Loanda. 

Kambele,  s-p.  Mekran,  in  Persia,  120  m.  S.  Kej. 

Kameh,  district,  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul,  between 
4°  and  35°  N.  lat.  on  the  Kameh  or  Cabul  river. 
Its  principal  town  is  Adeenagur. 

Kamen,  or  Kcefime,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  42  m, 
W.N.  W.  Posen. 

Kamenits,  t  Bohemia,  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  Tabor. 
Pop.  1,550. 

Kamenits,  t.  Sclavonia.  Lon.  19°  51'  45"  E. 
Lat.  45°  4'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Kamenitz,  t.  Moravia,  13  m.  E.  Iglau.  Pop. 
1,150. 

Kamensk,  t.  Russia,  in  Perm,  42  m.  E.  Eka- 
terinburg.    Pop.  2,000. 

Kamenz,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  on  the 
Black  Elster,  18  m.  N.  E.  Dresden.  Lon.  14°  1' 
E.  Lat.  61°  16'  N.  Pop.  2,250,  chiefly  Protes- 
tants. 

Kameran,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Arabia.     Lon.  42°  25'  E.  Lat.  15°  6'  N. 

Kameylc,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  28  m.  S. 
by  VV.  Prague. 

Kamiaba.     See  Kancaba. 

Kaminetz-Podolsk,  (Government  of.)  See  Po- 
dolia. 

Kaminiec,  or  Kaminetz-Podolsk,  t.  Russian  Po- 
land, cap.  of  the  government  of  Podolia.  Its  cas- 
tle is  one  of  the  best  fortifications  in  Poland.  110 
m.  W.  Braclau,  120  S.  E.  Lemberg.'  Lon.  27°  1' 
E.  Lat.  48°  40'  N.     Pop.  5,600. 

Kamionka,  t.  Poland,  19m.  N.  Lublin. 

Kamlach,  r.  Suabia,  which  falls  into  the  Mindel, 
2  m.  N.  N.  W.  Burgau. 

Kamlach,  Upper,  v.  Bavaria,  4  m.  W.  Mindel- 
heim. 

Kammemy.     See  Santorin. 

Kamnitz,  t,  Bohemia,  30  m.  S.  E.  Dresden.  Pop. 
2,200.    Lon.  14°  32'  E.  Lat.  50°  47'  N. 

Aflmo£/er,  small  isl.  in  th"  Ea«t*>rn  sea,  Lon 
132°  5'  F  .Lat.  6°  30'  S. 


KAN 


K  A  O 


361 


Kamp,  r.  Austria,  which  falls  into  the  Danube 
E.  ofKrems. 

KamUchatka,  a  peninsula  in  the  N.  E.  of  Asia, 
fcrminj  part  ol  the  Russian  government  of  Irk- 
outsk.  On  the  E.  it  has  the  Pac;ific  ocean,  and  on 
the  W.  the  sea  of  Okliotsk.  It  extends  from  N.  to 
S.  between  51°  and  62°  N.  lat.  600  miles  long-,  and 
is  nearly  300  broad.  A  range  of  very  lofty  moun- 
tains extends  through  the  whole  length  of  the  pen- 
insula, and  contains  several  volcanoes.  The  cold 
climate  and  barren  soil  prevent  the  production  of 
grain  even  in  the  smallest  quantity.  In  the  ab- 
sence, however,  of  vegetable  productions,  the  land 
swarms  with  wild  animals,  which  yield  the  richest 
and  most  valuable  furs.  The  sable  is  more  plenti- 
ful nere  than  in  Siberia.  The  coasts  and  rivers 
swarm  with  fish,  which  form  the  main  article  of 
food  to  the  inhabitants.  This  region  is  inhabited 
by  a  native  race  peculiar  to  itself.  They  are  in 
general  below  the  common  iieight ;  have  broad 
shoulders,  and  a  large  head.  The  face,  and  par- 
ticularly the  nose,  is  long  and  flat,  the  eyes  small 
and  sunk,  the  lips  thin,  and  they  have  scarcely  any 
beard.  Dogs  are  universally  used  for  labour  and 
draught.  This  country  was  first  known  to  the 
Russians  in  1690.  It  is  now  wholly  under  their 
dominion.  The  natives  have  sufiiered  much  from 
the  introduction  of  ardent  spirits,  and  from  the 
small  pox.  Their  number  which  at  first  was  esti- 
mated at  15,000,  does  not,  by  the  late  census,  ex- 
ceed 2,843.  Besides  the  natives,  there  are  Cos- 
sacks and  Russian  soldiers,  to  the  number  of  300, 
and  about  1,000  criminals,  convicted  of  murder 
and  other  atrocious  crimes,  who,  as  a  punishment 
equal  to  death,  are  banished  to  this  remote  and  in- 
hospitable region.  The  trade  of  Russia  with 
Kamtschatka  is  carried  on  from  Irkoutsk  by  way 
of  Okhotsk.  The  imports,  besides  brandy,  are 
nankeens  and  other  Chinese  stuffs,  together  with 
various  commodities  of  Russian  and  foreign  manu- 
facture. The  only  export  is  furs,  the  amount  of 
which  is  valued  at  from  50,000  to  100,000  rubles. 

Kamyschtn,  or  Demilrefsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Sar- 
atov, on  the  Wolga,  90  m.  S.  Saratov.  Lon.  45° 
.24'  15''  E.  Lat  50°  5'  6"  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Kamiischlova,  t.  Russia,  in  Perm.  Pop.  2,100. 
Lon.  61°  20'  E.  Lat.  56°  50'  N. 

Kanadai,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  123  m.  S.  W.  Simbirsk. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Kaiiany,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  129°  36' 
30'' E.  Lat.  1°47'30''S. 

Kancaba,  t.  Manding,  in  W.  Africa,  50  m.  S.  W. 
Bammakoo. 

Kan-choo-foo,  city,  China,  in  the  province  of 
Kiangsi,  at  the  junction  of  two  considerable  riv- 
ers.    Lon.  1 14°  30'  E.  Lat.  25°  52'  N. 

Kanda,  t.  Congo,  in  W.  Africa,  30  m.  N.  E. 
St.  Salvador. 

Kandahar,  an  extensive  province  of  Afghanis- 
tan, between  31°  and  3-1°  N.  lat.  and  between  64° 
and  68°  E.  lon.  About  half  of  the  inhabitants  re- 
side in  towns,  and  the  other  half  are  migratory, 
and  subsist  by  pasturage.  It  was  long  understood 
in  Europe,  that  Kandahar  was  a  mountainous 
province,  and  formed  a  complete  barrier  on  the 
side  of  Persia.  It  is  now  known  to  be  a  level, 
though  elevated  country. 

Kandahar,  the  cap.  of  the  above  province,  and 
formerly  the  capital  of  Afghanistan.  Also  a  cele- 
brated fortress,  2  m.  N.  of  the  city,  in  lat.  39°  20' 
N.  lon.  65°  30'  E.  on  the  top  of  a  precipitous  rock, 
and  before  the  introduction  of  cannon,  was  consid- 


ered as  impregnable.  The  city  is  said  to  be  three 
miles  in  circumference  ;  and  standing  on  the  great 
road  between  Persia  and  India,  continues  to  be 
flourishing  and  populous.  The  environs  are  h.gh- 
ly  cultivated,  and  abound  with  numerous  gardens 
and  orchards,  the  melons  and  grapes  of  which  axe 
said  to  be  delicious. 

Kandal,  s-p.  Abyssinia,  on  the  Red  sea,  150  m. 
S.  E.  Arkeeko. 

Kandel,  r.  Swiss  canton  of  Bern,  which  falls  int© 
the  Aar  below  Thun. 

Kane,  r.  Tomsk,  in  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into 
the  Yenisei. 

Kanebadam,  t.  Independent  Tartary,  on  the  Si- 
hon,  64  leagues  N.  E.  Samarcand. 

Kanem.     See  Cantm. 

Kanga,  s-p.  Loango,  in  Africa. 

Kangaroo  Island,  on  tlie  S.  coast  of  New  Holland. 
Lon.  of  Kangaroo  Head,  137°  58'  31"  E.  Lat.  35° 
43' S. 

Kangelang,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  about  24 
miles  long.     Lon.  1 15°  44'  E.  Lat.  6°  37'  S. 

Kangrah,  or  Catochin,  district,  Hind,  in  Lahore, 
S.  W.  of  the  Himmaleh  mountains,  between  Beyah. 
and  Rauvy  rivers. 

Kangrah,  or  Kale  Kangrah,  a  celebrated  for- 
tress of  Hindostan,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  province 
of  Lahore.     Lon.  75°  50'  E-  Lat  32°  20'  N. 

Kanhawa.     See  Kenhawa. 

Kaniev,  or  Kaniov,  t.  Russian  Poland,  on  the 
Dnieper,  70  m.  S.  by  E.  Kiev. 

Kanijee,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  5  m.  S.  Rhadun- 
pore. 

Kanin-JVos,  isthmus  in  Frozen  ocean,  between 
the  White  sea  and  the  bay  of  Tscherkoja-Guba, 
between  66°  30'  and  68°  N.  lat. 

Kaniss,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Nile,  25  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Dongola. 

Kanitz,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Iglau,  10  m  S.  W. 
Brunn.  Lon.  16°  21'  E.  Lat  49°  4'  N.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Kankakee,  r.  which  rises  near  the  head  waters 
of  the  St.  Joseph's  of  iVIichigan,  in  Indiana,  and 
passing  into  Illinois,  unites  with  the  Desplanes,  to 
form  the  river  Illinois.  In  time  of  high  water, 
boats  pass  from  the  Kankakee  to  the  St.  Joseph's. 

Kankho,  or  Kankiang-ho,  r.  China,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Kiangsee,  flowing  from  N.  to  S.  and  falling 
into  Poyang  lake. 

Kansas,  r.  JVIissouri  Territory,  which  rises  in 
the  plains  between  the  Platte  and  the  Arkansaw, 
and  joins  the  Missouri  in  lat.  39°  5'  N.  340  m. 
above  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable  900  miles.  The 
Kansas  Indians  live  on  its  banks. 

Kanskoe,  small  isl.  Sweden,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Cattegat. 

Kanicheou,  t.  near  .the  N.  W.  extremity  of  Chi- 
na. 

Kantera,  el,  v.  Africa,  14  m.  S.  Tunis. 

Kanth,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Westritz,  12  m.  S.  W, 
Breslau.     Pop.  1,000. 

Kanlore,  small  kingdom  of  W.  Africa,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Gambia,  opposite  Wooly. 

Kanzach,  r.  Suabia,  which  falls  into  the  Dan- 
ube, below  Riedlingen. 

Kao,  one  of  the  Friendly  islands  in  the  S.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  called  also  Aghao,  or  Oghao,  and  Kay- 
bay.     Lon.  184°  58'  E.  Lat.  19°  42'  S. 

Kaotcheoufou,  city,  China,  in  the  province  of 
Quang-tong,  36  m.  from  the  sea,  on  a  river,  which 
is  navigable  ud  to  the  city.  200  m.  E.  S.  E.  Can- 
ton.    Lon.  IIQO  4'  E.  Lat  21-^  <}0'  N. 


4n 


S62 


K  A  R 


K  A  R 


Kapelh,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  the  island  of  Ceri- 
gOf  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Kapendriili,  (an,  Trisorythus,)  v.  Greece.  Be- 
tween this  place  and  Marathon,  was  fought  the 
famous  battle  of  Marathon. 

Kapini  Isle,  isl.  about  26 miles  in  circumference, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 

Kaplitz,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Malsch,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Crumau.     Pop.  1,400. 

Kapnik,  or  Banya  Kapnih,  t  Transylvania,  in 
Kovar,  37  m.  N.  by  E.  Clausenburj. 

Kapnik-Banja,  t.  Transylvania,  55  m.  N.  by  E. 
Clausenburg. 

Kappt'l,  or  Windisch  Kappel,  t.  Austrian  Illyria, 
in  Cariuthia,  18  m.  S.  E.  Klagenfurt. 

Kapsdorf,  or  Kaposztafahi,  v.  Hungary,  26  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Cassovia.     Pop.  900. 

Kaputar  t.  Hungary,  21  m.  E.  by  S.  Oeden- 
burg. 

Karagilar,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  40  m. 
W.  Burgas.     Pop.  7,000. 

Karagol,  Cape,  (an.  Posodium,)  promontory  on 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  Corfu. 

Karagool,  v.  Armenia,  on  the  Morad,  75  m.  S. 
E.  Erzerum. 

Karak,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf.  It  contains  12  or 
13  square  miles,  and  affords  a  safe  anchorage  at  all 
seasons.     Lat.  29°  14'  N. 

Karakakooa,  bay  on  the  VV.  end  of  the  island  of 
Owyhee.     Loo.  204°  E.  Lat.  19°  28'  N. 

Karakul,  or  Karakalla,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Wa- 
laclua,85  m.  W.  S.  W.  Bucharest,  65  E.'S.  E.  Wid- 
din.     Lon.  25°  58'  E.  Lat.  44°  A'  N. 

KarakaJpacs,  a  people  of  Tartary,  who  inhabit 
the  country  E.  of  the  Aral,  and  N.  of  tlie  Sihon  or 
Jaxartes. 

Karakita,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  S.of  San- 
gir.    Lon.  125°  25'  E.  Lat.  3^  T  N. 

Karaman,  or  Caramon,  city  of  Caramania,  in 
Asia  Minor.  It  trades  with  Cjesarea,  Smyrna, 
and  Tarsus,  and  has  an  extensive  manufacture  of 
blue  cotton  cloth.  55  m.  S.Kenieh,  67  N.  Kelen- 
dri. 

.  Karamurad,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  22  m. 
N.  W.  Mancalia. 

Karamusal,  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  the  sea  of  Marmo- 
ra, 36  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bursa. 

Karamustafalar,  t.  Romania,  20  m.  N.  by  E. 
Philippopoli. 

Karaneracz,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  on  the 
Morava,  22  m.  N.  W.  Kursumblia. 

Karang  Sambong,  t.  Java,  on  a  fine  river,  168 
m.  S.  E.  Batavia. 

KarovJcalla,  t.  Kaarta,  in  W.  Africa,  10  m.  W. 
Kemmoo. 

Knrasch,  r.  Hungary,  which  joins  the  Danube 
at  Uj-Palanka. 

Karasjee,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  75°  28'  E. 
Lat.  17°  26'  N. 

Karass,  a  Tartar  village,  at  an  equal  distance 
from  the  Euxine  and  Caspian  seas,  under  the  Rus- 
rian  government,  within  a  few  days'  journey  of 
Persia,  »nd  Bukliaria,  and  within  50  miles  of  Tur- 
key. This  place  is  occupied  by  the  Scotch  Mis- 
yifinaries,  sent  out  by  the  Edinburgh  Society  in 
IvJOS.  Besides  endeavouring  to  instruct  the  Tar- 
tars in  Christianity,  they  have  purchased  many 
native  youths,  slaves  to  the  Circas.uans  and  Kuban 
Tartars,  and  have  formed  a  school,  in  which  they 
are  taug-ht  the  Turkish  and  English  languages. 
The  Russian  government  has  made  a  grant  of  land 
■*©  the  mission,  and  annexed  t^  the  grant  some  im- 


portant privileges.  The  New  Testament  and  sev- 
eral Tracts  have  been  translated  by  the  Missiona- 
ries, and  widely  disperseJ,  by  means  of  travellers 
and  pilgrims.  Many  difficulties  have  arisen  from 
the  unsettled  state  oi"  the  country,  and  the  perpet- 
ual irruptions  of  the  hostile  Tartars. 

Karasu,  (an.  Mons  ringcrus,  mt.  Eu.  Turkey, 
in  Romania,  which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Ma- 
cedon. 

Karasu,  r.  Eu.   Turkey,  which  falls   into  the 
Archipelago,  opposite  the  island  of  Thasos. 
Karasu,  r.  Persia.     See  Kerah. 
Kara,  su,  r.  Asia  Minor,  which  falls  into  the  Ki- 
zil  Irmak. 

Karasvbarar,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  35 
m.  N.  E.  Bakhishisarai.     Pop.  2^00. 

Karatschev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  river  Sneshat, 
50  m.  W.  by  N.  Orel. 

Kara  Veria.    See  Veria. 

Kardanah,  (an.  Belus,)  r.  Palestine,  which  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean,  8  m.  S.  Acre. 

Kardszag,  t.  Hungary,  cap.  of  Great  Rumania, 
43  m.  N.  by  VV.  Bakes.     Pop.  8,500. 

Kartwittee,  district  on  the  E.  side  of  Ceylon, 
between  7°  and  8°  N.lat. 

Kargala,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orenburg,  on  the 
Sakmara.     Pop.  2,000. 

A'rtrga/a,  3  small  rivers  in  Orenburg,  A.  Rus- 
sia, which  fall  into  the  Samara. 

Kargaldzin,  lake,  Russian  Tartary,  340  m.  S- 
Orenburg. 

Kargaie,  r.  Tomsk,  in  Siberia,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Tchani. 

Kargaw,  t.  Hind.  inKhandesh.  Lon.  75*^  35'  E. 
Lat.  21°  54' N. 

Karge,  or  Kargora,  t  Prussian  Poland,  49  m. 
S.  W.  Posen.     Pop.  1,750. 

Kargopol,  t  Russia,  on  the  river  Onega,  where 
it  issues  from  lake  Latscha,  196  m.  E.  Olonetz, 
Lon.  38°  50'  E.  Lat.  61°  30'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Kariadeh,  v.  Asia  Minor,  18  ra.  W.  Smyrna. 

Karical,  t.  India,  in  Tanjore.  The  territory 
around  is  extremely  fertile  ;  and  tliere  are  exten- 
sive salt-works  in  its  vicinity.  The  fort  is  on  the 
N.  side  of  a  small  river,  oj12  of  the  branches  of  the 
Cauvery.     Lon.  79°  54'  E.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. 

Karitza,  t.  Greece,  in  Magnesia,  2i  m.  N.  E. 
Thanaton. 

Karkarlang,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  \2GP 
59'E.  Lat.4°45'iN. 

Karkov.     See  Charkov, 

Karhburg,  or  Loioer  JVeissenburg,  a  palatinate 
of  Transylvania,  lying  along  the  Marosh,  on  the 
border  of  Hungary.  Extent,  1,800  square  miles. 
Pop.  nearly  100,000. 

Karhburg,  Alba  Carolina,  or  Belgrad,  t.  Tran- 
sylvania, on  the  Marosch,  formerly  the  residence 
of  the  princes  of  Ti*ansylvania.  It  is  the  only  reg- 
ular fortress  of  the  countr}',  is  a  bishop's  see,  and 
has  5,500  inhabitants.  32  m.  N.  W.  Hermanstadt, 
49  S.  bv  W.  Clausenburg.  Lon.  23°  34'  E.  Lat, 
46°  4' N. 

Karlsharen,  t.  Hesse  Cassel,  22  m.  N.  Cassel. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Karhtadt,  a  circle  of  Austrian  Illyria.  Extent, 
1,540  square  miles.  Pop.  108,000.  Carlstadt  n 
the  capital. 

Karhtadt,  an  extensive  government  of  Sweden, 
comprising  almost  the  Avhole  of  the  ancient  prov- 
ince of  Warmeland.  Extent,  4,267  square  mile»- 
Pop.  140,000.     The  capital  is  Carlstadt. 

Karhtein,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  theTheya,  7  m 
N.  VV.  Waidhofen,  19  N.  by  E.  ZweU. 


E 


K  A  S 

Aarmoe,  isl.  Norway,  at  tlie  entrance  of  the  bay 
Sf  Stavanjer,  in  Christiansand, 

Karnae.     See  Camac. 

Karnowitz.     See  Jagerndorf. 

Karoota^  small  district,  Abysiiuiaq  S.  of  Begem- 
der. 

Karotscha,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Bielgorod.     Pop.  4,000- 

Karotla,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  126°  50' 
E.  Lat.50N. 

Karouly,  t.  Hind,  in  A;2^ra,  ou  Putchpuree  riv- 
er.    Lon."  770  E.Lat.  26*^35' N. 

Karoivs,  a  people  in  the  interior  of  Guinea. 

Karpfen,  Koi-pona,  or  Krupina,  t.  Hungary,  in 
3ohl.  Pop.  3,(X)0.  96  m.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  19° 
7'5''E.  Lat.48°  21'50"N. 

Karpoot,  formerly  Cfiarpote,  t.  Kurdistan,  in  the 
valley  of  Sophene. 

Karsek,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  East  Greenland. 
Lon.  45°  20'  VV.  Lat.  60°  35'  N. 

Karskoe  More,  gulf  of  the  Frozen  ocean,  W.  of 
Nova  Zembla. 

Karsun,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  60  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Simbirsk.     Pop.  3,300. 

Kartal,  t.  Anatolia,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora,  40 
m.  W.  Ismid. 

Karlan,  or  Martan,  4  small  islands  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Arabia.     Lon.  54°  50'  E.  Lat.  17°  30'  N. 

Kartbirt,  v.  Diarbekir,  48  m.  W.  N.  W.  Diar- 
kekir. 

Karteron,  v.  Syria,  on  the  Euphrates,  10  m.  S. 
Osara. 

Kartes,  t,  Whidah,  on  the  Slave  coast  of  Guin- 
ea, 12  m.  E.  Sabi. 

Kartuel,  or  Kartalinia,  the  most  western  prov- 
ince of  Georgia,  in  Asia,  bordering  on  Imeretia,  on 
both  banks  of  the  Kur. 

Karuku,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  3  m.  E. 
Aniboyna. 

Kas,  el,  or  Ras  Kasaron,  cape,  Egypt,  on  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  3  m.  N.  Catieh. 

Kasabi,  v.  Syria,  on  the  Euphrates,  25  m.  E.  El 
Der. 

Kasan,  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  between  46° 
20'  and  49°  40'  E.  lon.  and  54°  and  57'  N.  lat.  and 
surrounded  by  tiie  governments  of  Viatka,  Oren- 
burg, Niznei- Novgorod,  and  Simbirsk.  Extent, 
22,000  square  miles.  Pop.  about  850,000,  partly 
Russians  and  partly  Tartars.  It  consists  for  the 
most  part  of  an  immense  plain.  The  soil  is  in  gen- 
eral fertile.  The  products  are  corn,  frbit,  hemp, 
and  hops.  In  former  ages  this  country  was  called 
Bulgaria,  (or  Volgaria,)  from  its  lying  along  the 
river  Volga. 

Kasan,  city,  Russia,  on  the  Kasanka,  about  four 
miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Wolga.  It  con- 
tains 17,500  inhabitants,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the 
seat  of  a  small  university,  founded  in  1803,  and  at- 
tended by  about  60  students.  It  has  large  soap- 
works  and  tanneries,  and  is  well  situated  for  trade, 
being  the  central  point  between  St.  Petersburg, 
Archangel,  Tobolsk,  Astracan,  Moscow,  and  Oren- 
burg. At  a  little  distance  from  Kasan  is  a  new  ad- 
miralty establishment,  with  a  navigation  school, 
magazines,  and  a  dock-yard,  where  galliots  are 
constructed,  and  sent  down  the  Wolga  to  the  Cas- 
pian sea.  208  m.  E.  by  S.  Niznei-Novgorod,  345 
E.  S.  E.  Kostroma.  Lon.  49°  21'  9''  E.  Lat.  55° 
47'51''N. 

Kasbaite,  (an.  Satafa,)  t.  Algiers,  50  m.  S.  W. 
Constantina. 
Kaschin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tver,  on  the  Kaschin- 


K  A  T 


3Q9 


ka,  78  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tver,  117  N.  Moscow.     Pop 
3,600. 

Kaschira,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tula,  on  the  Oka,  73 
m.  S.  by  E.  Moscow.     Pop.  1,600. 

Kashan.     See  Cashan. 

Kashgar,  or  Cashgar,  city  in  Chinese  Tartary, 
530  m.  N.  E.  Cashmere.  Lon.  80°  14'  E.  Lat.  39" 
35'  N.  It  was  formerly  capital  of  a  country  of  the 
same  name,  which  now  forms  the  western  part 
of  Little  Bukharia. 

Kasimov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Riazan,  on  the  Oka, 
160  m.  E.  by  S.  Moscow.     Pop.  6,200. 

Kaskaskia,  r.  Illinois,  which  rises  in  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  running  S.  W.  falls  into  the 
Mississippi,  84  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
and  100  above  tliat  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  navigable 
for  150  miles,  and  the  lands  on  its  banks  are  repre- 
sented as  remarkably  fertile. 

Kaskaskia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Randolph  co.  Illinois, 
is  on  the  right  bank  of  Kaskaskia  river,  1 1  miles 
from  its  mouth,  150  S.  W.  Vincennes.  It  contains 
a  bank,  a  land-office,  a  printing-office,  and  about 
160  houses  scattered  over  an  extensive  plain. 
The  town  was  settled  upwards  of  100  years  ago 
from  Lower  Canada,  and  about  one  half  of  the  in- 
habitants are  French.  The  surrounding  country 
is  under  good  cultivation.     Pop.  622. 

Kaskinompa,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  tlie 
Mississippi  near  the  borders  of  Kentucky. 

Kasko,  or  Kaskoken,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland, 
on  an  island  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  opposite  Wasa,. 
Lon  21°  10'  35"  E.  Lat.  62°  22'  10"  N. 

Kasmark,  Kesmark,  or  Kaiscrsmnrk,  t.  Hungary, 
on  the  Poprad.  A  large  quantity  of  excellent  linen 
is  manufactured  here,  and  exported.  164  m,  E. 
N.  E.  Presburg.  Lon.  20°  27'  E.  Lat.  49°  7'  N. 
Pop.  4,300. 

Kasr  Kiassera,  (an.  Mcapolis,)  s-p.  Egypt,  5  m. 
N.  E.  Alexandria. 

Kassan,  t.  W.  Africa,  in  Yani,  on  the  Gambia, 
36m.N.W.Pisania. 

Kasson,  kingdom.  Central  Africa,  on  the  up- 
per part  of  the  Senegal,  having  Kaarta  on  the  E. 
and  Kajaaga  on  the  VV. 

KastanJa,  (an.  Castabala,)  t.  Asia  Minor,  45  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Scanderoon. 

Kastri,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Hermione. 

Kaslricum,  Cape,  cape  on  Company's  island,  in 
the  Pacific.     Lon.  151°  40'  E.  Lat.  46°  30'  N. 

KataMin,  or  Ktadne,  lofty  mt.  Maine,  80  m.  N. 
Bangor.  It  commands  an  extensive  prospect,  em- 
bracing 72  lakes. 

Kaiapang,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  113°  22'  E.  Lat.  7° 
39' S. 

Katchins,  people,  A.  Russia,  in  Tomsk,  on  the 
Yenisei,  in  number  about  6,000. 

Katerly,  (an.  Drepanvm,y  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  a 
bay  of  the  sea  of  Marmora. 

Katerskill,  the  S.  branch  of  the  Catskill.  Its 
mouth  is  2  m.  W.  of  the  Hudson. 

Katharinoslau.     See  Eknterinosfav. 

Katinna,  city  of  Interior  Africa,  in  Houssa,  a 
month's  journey  N.  of  the  Niger. 

KalirU.     See  Kalerly. 

Katiali,  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora, 
36  m.  S.  Constantinople. 

Katlabuga,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  which 
joins  the  Danube,  5  m.  E.  Ismael. 

Katoul,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar. 

Katrin,  t.  Eu.  Turkev,  in  Thessaljr,  36  m.  S.  by 
W.  Salonica.    Pop.  1.500. 


364 


K  E  A 


Katrine,  Loch.     See  Keiterin,  Loch. 
KatskiU.    See  Catskill. 

Kattenbrunn,  mt,  Germany,  in  Saltsburg  :  it 
rises  above  9,340  feet  in  height. 

Katsbachj  r.  Silesia,  which  joins  the  Oder  near 
Leubus. 

Kavenaugh,  p-t.  Wilson  co.  Ten. 

Kaufbeuren,  t.  Bavarian  states,  in  Suabia,  on  the 
Wertach,  38  m.  S.  by  W.  Augsburg.  Lon.  10°  26' 
6"  E.  Lat.  47°  53'  30"  N.     Pop.  4,200. 

Kauffungen,  v.  Hesse-Cassel,  on  theLosse,  5  m. 
S.  E.  Cassel.     Pop.  1,540. 

Kaukeban,  t.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  18  m.  W.  Sana. 

Kaurdts,  or  Lower  Kanitt,  t.  Moravia,  on  the 
Iglawa,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Brunn. 

Kaurzim,  circle,  Austrian  dominions,  in  Bohe- 
mia, between  the  Elbe  and  the  Muldau.  Extent, 
1,030  square  miles.     Pop.  142,000. 

Kaurzim,  t.  Bohemia,  43  m.  W.  S.  W.  Konigin- 
gratz.     Lon.  15°  5'  E.  Lat.  49°  56'  N.    Pop,  1,550. 

Kavschani,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the 
Kotna,  12m.  S.  Bender. 

Kauizen,  t.  Lower  Austria,  9  m.  N.  Waidho- 
fen. 

Kawar.     See  Kuara. 

Kaweel,  district,  Hind,  in  Berar,  between  21° 
and  22-=  N.  lat.     The  chief  town  is  Ellichpore. 

Kaicv£k,  t.  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon.  69° 
30'  E.  Lat.  35°  40'  N. 

Kay  and  Palzig,  2  villages  of  Prussia,  in  the 
New  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  7  m.  W.  N.  W.  Zulli- 
chau. 

Kayadarossoras,  r.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  which  falls 
into  Saratoga  lake. 

Kaybce,  country  of  interior  Africa,  33  journies 
N.  Ashantee,  9  beyond  Kong. 

Kaycoon  Point,  caoe  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  12!)o  50' E.  Lat.  3°  22'  S. 

Kaye,  t.  10  m.  N.  W.  Loango,  in  Africa. 

Kaye'f  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  N.  America,  rtbout  30  miles  long  and  four 
broad.  Lon.  216°  58'  E.  Lat.  59°  49'  N. 

Kayee,  v.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  55  m.  E. 
Gallam. 

Kaynsiiam.     See  Kynrhara. 

Kayooy  v.  Bambavra",  in  Africa,  on  the  Niger,  60 
ID.  E.  N.  E.  Bammakoo. 

Kavor,  Kingdom  of,  on  the  coast  of  W.  Africa. 
Lon.  14°  40'  W.  Lat.  17°  N. 

Kaywerree,  country  of  interior  Africa,  N.  of 
Kaybee,  and36  jourueys  N.  of  Ashantee. 

Kazan.     See  Kosan. 

Kazeroon,  t.  Farsistan,  in  Persia,  70  m.  W. 
Schiras.  Lon.  51°  43'  E.  Lat.  29°  44'  N.  Pop. 
3,000,  or  4,000. 

Kasimiers,  or  Casimir,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistu- 
la, 25  m.  W.  Lublin,  70  S.  S.  E.  Warsaw. 

Kea,  v.  Bambarra,  in  Africa,  65  m.  N.  E.  Sego. 

Keach,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Tivy  below 
Kennarth. 

Keady,  v.  Ireland,  in  Armagh,  on  the  river  Cal- 
ien,  58  m.  fr.  Dublin. 

Keanpan  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  island  of 
Lewis.  Lon.  6°  5'  W.  Lat.  58°  15'  N. 

Kearnsville,  p-v.  Noi-thainpton  co.  Pa. 

Kearsargp,  mt.  JN.  H.  in  Sutton,  about  25  m.  N. 
W.  Concord. 

Kearmrge.     See  Pigicacket. 

Ke-trsarge  gore,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  16  m. 
W.Concord.    Pop.  125. 

Kearsky,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  S.  E.  Great 
Bolton.  Pop.  1,388. 


K  E  H 

Keasktown,  t.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

Kebby,  r.  Wales,  in  Monmouthshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Uske  near  Abergavenny. 

Ktbet,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea.  Lon.  130® 
40'  E.    Lat.  7°  10'  S. 

Kedar,  (an.  Kadara,)  Syria,  on  the  river  Jer- 
muk,  50  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Kedarnath,  a  celebrated  place  of  Hindoo  pil- 
grimage, in  the  mountains  of  Serinagur.  Lon.  79° 
19'  E.  Lat.  32°  N. 

Keddleston,  v.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  chiefly  noted 
for  its  mineral  spring.  Pop.  144.  5  m.  N.  Derby. 

Kedeh-Farah,  t.  Asia  Minor,  in  Sivas,  30  m.  W. 
Samsoun. 

Kedgeree,  t.  Bengal,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Hoogly.  Lon.  88°  16'  II  Lat.  21°  55'  N. 

KedingcTty  district,  Hanover,  in  Bremen,  on  the 
Elbe.     Fop.  6,500. 

Kedkevare-fjall,  mt.  Lulea  Lappmark,  in  N. 
lat.  67°  28'. 

Keelan  Isle,  small  isl.  off  tlie  W.  extremity  of 
Ceram.  Lon.  127°  55'  E.  Lat.  3°  15'  S. 

Keema-Kedan,  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Eastern 
seas.  Lon.  124°  36'  E.  Lat.  10°  30' N. 

Keen,  or  Kayndueni  River,  the  second  -principal 
river  in  the  Birman  empire.  It  is  supposed  to 
rise  in  the  mountains  which  divide  Assam  from 
Ava,  and  falls  into  the  Irrawuddy  at  Miondap,  in 
lat.  21°  45'  N. 

Keene,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Ashu- 
elot  river,  14  m.  S.  E.  Walpole,  55  W.  S.  W.  Con- 
cord, 95  W.  Portsmouth,  79  W.  N.  W.  Boston. 
The  village  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  New-Eng- 
land, and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  meet- 
ing-house, and  about  60  dwelling  houses.  About 
a  mile  from  the  village  a  canal  is  cut  from  the 
Ashueiot,  on  which  is  a  woollen  factory,  an  oil 
mill,  and  several  other  mills.     Pop.  1,646. 

Keene,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  140  m.  N.  Albany. 
Pop.  642.     Here  are  extensive  ironworks. 

Keerpoy,  t.  Bengal,  in  Burdwan.  Lon.  87°  44' 
E.  Lat.  22°  46'  N. 

Keer-weer,  Cape,  cape,  New  Holland,  in  the 
gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Lon.  141°  33'  E.  Lat.  13'=' 
58'  S. 

Keeten,  Great  and  Little,  2  villages  of  North 
Holland,  one  4,  and  the  other  6  m.  S.  of  the 
Helder. 

Keff,  t.  in  the  interior  of  Tunis,  near  the  E.bank 
of  the  river  Mejerdah,  70  ra.  W.  S.  W.  of  Tunis. 

Kejfins,  i-l.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  S.  E.  of  Ceram. 
Lon.  130°  E.  Lat.  3350' S. 

Kejil,  V.  Irak  Arabi,  which  the  Jews  and  Ma- 
hometans hold  in  peculiar  veneration  as  the  tomb 
of  the  prophet  Ezekiel,  14  m.  S.  Hillah. 

Kef  ken,  small  isl.  of  the  Black  sea.  Lon.  30°  40' 
E.  Lat.  41°  6'  N. 

Kefreen,  v.  Syria,  15  m.  fr.  Aleppo. 

Keft.    SeeKvft. 

Keger  Point,  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  Fisher's 
island,  on  the  coast  of  Lapland,  25  m.  S.  E.  Ward- 
huis.  It  was  formerly  the  station  of  the  Danish  fish 
staples. 

Kehl,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Badeu,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite  Strasburg. 
It  is  of  great  importance  in  a  military  sense,  on 
account  of  the  bridge  across  the  Rhine,  and  the 
well  known  fort  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  which 
wasbuiltby  Vauban.  In  the  wars  with  Germa- 
ny, the  French  have  always  endeavoured  to  make 
themselves  masters  of  it,  and  generally  with  sue- 


K  E  L 

Kehoa,  s-p.  Tonquin.  Lon.  105'=  21'  E.  Lat.  19° 

i2'  N. 

Keighley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  chiefly  supported  by  the  cotton,  linen, 
and  worsted  manufactures,  which  are  carried  on 
here  with  great  industry  and  spirit,  the  latter  es- 
pecially employing;  a  great  number  of  hands.  40. 
m.  W.  York,  12  N.  Halifax,  207  or  210  N.  W. 
London.  Lon.  1«  55'  W.  Lat.  53°  52'  N.  Pop. 
8,864 

Keilahf  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  tlie  ti-ibe 
of  Judah,  16  m.  S.  W.Jerusalem. 

Keisenlik,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  65  m.  N. 
E.  Philippopoli. 

Keiskammoj  r.  Kaffraria,  in  S.  Africa,  falling 
into  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  28'^  6' E.  Lat.  33°  12' S. 

Keith,  t.  Scotland,  in  Banff  co.  20  m.  S.  W. 
Banff,  46i  N.  W.  Aberdeen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Keith  Inch,  promontory,  Scotland,  the  E.  point 
of  Aberdeenshire. 

Kej,  t.  Persia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Me- 
kran.  Being  on  the  high  road  from  Candahar  and 
Kelat,  to  the  seaports  of  Guatter  and  Chobar,  it  is 
a  place  of  considerable  importance.  Lon,  62°  30' 
E.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. 

Kelang,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  Ce- 
ram.  Lon.  128°  E.  Lat.  3°  8'  S. 

Kelat,  the  capital  of  Beloochistan.  It  contains 
above  4,000  houses.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mix- 
ture of  Balouches,  Afghans,  and  Hindoos.  Lon.  67^ 
67'  E.  Lat.  29°  6'  N. 

Kelat,  t.  and  strong  fortress  of  Afghanistan,  60 
m.  E.  jN.  E.  Kandahar. 

Kelat,  a  fortress  of  Korassan,  in  Persia,  on  the 
top  of  a  high  hill,  40  m.  E.  Mesched. 

Keibra,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Helme,  27  m. 
N.Erfurt.  Pop.  1,600. 

Kelendri,  s-p.  Caramania,  in  A.  Turkey,  on  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Celendris,  25  m.  S.  W.  Selefkeh. 

Keles,  s-p.  Anatolia,  28  m.  E.  N.  E.  Ephesus. 

Kelikdoni,  or  Erminak,  r.  Asia  Minor,  (an.  Ca- 
lycadnus)  wliich  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  near 
Selefkeh. 

Keliub,  province,  Egypt,  N.  of  Cairo. 

Kellamungicilum,  t.  India,  in  Barramahal.  Lon. 
78°  5'  E.  Lat.  12°  35'  N. 

Kellheim,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  junction  of  the  Alt- 
Biuhl  and  the  Dsnube,  46  m.  N.  N.  E.  Munich. 
Lon.  11°  52'  E.  Lat.  48°  52'  N.  Pop.  1,800. 

Kelli,  t.  India,  in  Tanjore.  Lon.  79°  V  E.  Lat. 
10°  20'  N. 

Kellinghavsen,  v.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  34  m. 
S.W.Kiel.  Pop. 900. 

Kellington.     See  Callington. 

Kellington,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Pontefract. 

Kellogsville,  p-v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

Kelts,  t.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  on  the  Blackwatcr. 
32  m.  N.  W.  Dublin,  19  W.  Drogheda.  Lon.  6°  52' 
W.  Lat.  53°  42'  N. 

Kelts,  V.  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny,  on  King's  river, 
which  falls  into  the  Nore. 

Kelts,  V.  Ireland,  in  Antrim,  on  the  Glenwherry 
river,  89  m.  fr.  Dublin. 

Kelly-Bum,  small  r.  Scotland,  which  is  the 
boundary  between  Ayrshire  and  Renfrew. 

Ketlymte,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  36  m.  N.  Montpe- 
lier.  Pojj.  40. 

Kelpoory,  district.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  about  29° 
N.  Lat.  Kelpoory,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  79°  39' 
E.  lat.  28°  59'  N.' 

Keliall,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  9  m.  E.by  N.  Chcs- 


K  E  N 


sen 


Kelso,  t.  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Tweed,  opposite  the  junction  of  the 
Teviot.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  often 
mentioned  in  the  histories  of  the  boixler  wars.  42 
m.  S.  by E.  Edinburgh,  HE.  Jedburgh.  Pop.  in 
1811,3,630. 

Kelton,  V.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  on  the 
NiUi,  4  m.  S.  Dumfries. 

Keltsch,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  E.  Prerau.  Pop. 
1,450. 

Kelvin,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  Clyde, 
at  the  village  of  Partick,  2  m.  below  Glasgow. 

Kem,  or  Kemi,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  on 
the  White  sea,  192  m.  N.  Petrovadsk.  Lon.  28^ 
38'  E.  Lat.  64°  55'  N.     Pop.  900. 

Kemaon,  district.  Hind,  between  29°  and  30* 
N.  lat.  and  79°  and  81°  E.  lon.  The  northern 
part  is  subject  to  the  rajah  of  Nepaul,  the  south- 
ern, or  flat  part,  belongs  to  the  British  territory 
of  Bareilly. 

Kemberg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  6  m.  S.  Wittenberg, 
15  E.  S.  E.  Dessau.  Pop.  1,800. 

Kemja,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Toungouska. 

Keminoom,  t.  Fooladoo,  W.  Africa,  on  the  river 
Kokoro,  95  m.  N.  W.  Hamalia. 

Kemlet,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Severn  be- 
low Cherbui^. 

Kemlet,  r.  Wales,  which  falls  into  the  Tanot  be- 
low Place  Yeha. 

Kemlyn  Bay,  bay  in  Montgomeryshire,  Wales. 

Kemmelbach,  t  Austria,  3  m.  S.  Ips. 

Kemmoo,  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  Kaarta.  Lon.  1^ 
46' W.  Lat.  14°20'N. 

Kemnath,  t.  Bavaria,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bayreuth, 
26  N.  Amberg.  Lon.  11°  55'  E.  Lat.  49°  53*  N. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Kemnitz,  Old,  v.  Silesia,  6  m.  W.  Hirschberg, 
Pop.  1,300. 

Kempeii,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  17  m.  N.  W. 
Dusseldorf,  15  N.  E.  Ruremonde.  Pop,  3,000. 

Kempen,  or  Kempno,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  32  m. 
S.  Kalisch.  Pop.  3,500. 

Kempsville,  t.  Prince  Anne  co.  Va.  9  m.  S.  E. 
Norfolk. 

Kempte?i,  (an.  Campodunum,)  t.  Bavarian 
states,  on  the  Iller,  66  m,  W.  S.  W.  Munich,  50  S. 
by  E.  Ulm.  Lon.  10°  18'  E.  Lat.  47°  44'  N.  Pop. 
5,300. 

Kemskoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk.  Lon.  92°  E. 
Lat.  57°  25'  N. 

Ken,  r.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  which  falls  into 
the  Ex  below  Exeter. 

Ken,  (an.  Kalaia,)  small  isl,  in  the  Persian  gulf. 
Lon.  53°  40'  E.  Lat.  26°  27'  N. 

Kenagfi,  v.  Ireland,  in  Longford,  56  m.  fr.  Dub- 
lin. 

Kenary,  small  isl.  Hind,  13  m.  S.  Bombay,  2i 
fr.  the  mainland.  Lat.  18°  42'  N. 

Kenath,  in  Sac,  Geog.  t.  in  Gilead. 

Kenchesler,  parish,  Eng,  in  Hereford  co,  5  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Hereford. 

Kenchres,  (an.  Cenchres,)  s-p.  of  the  Morca,  in 
Argolis,  on  the  gulf  of  Egina,  7  m.  W.  by  S.  Co- 
rinth. 

Kendal,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland.  It  has  been 
long  noted  for  it ,  woollen  manufactures.  The  oth- 
er manufactures  are  Kendal  cottons,  linseys,  knit 
worsted  stockings,  flannels,  hats,  sprges,  Szc.  22i 
m.  N.  Lar-caster,  and  262i  N.  W.  Loudon.  Lon. 
2°  44'  W.  Lat  54°  19'  N.  Po]i.  7,505. 

Kendall,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine. 

Kendall,  p-t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  near  Muskingum 


366 


KEN 


KEN 


river,  7  m.  W.  Canton.  It  has  an  extensive  wool- 
len manufactory,  and  large  flocks  of  sheep  are 
kept  in  the  neighborhood. 

Kendrick^s  Island,  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
forms  the  W.  side  of  Nootka  sound. 

Kenduskeag,  r.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  which  flows 
into  the  Penobscot  at  Bangor. 

Kene,  or  Kenne^  t.  Upper  Efjypt,  It  is  chiefly- 
supported  by  the  great  caravan  from  Western 
and  Central  Africa,  which  passes  annually  through 
it,  briiiging  numerous  pilgrims  destined  for  Mec- 
ca and  Medina.  It  was  formerly  the  centre  of  the 
trade  betv/een  Egypt  and  India,  but  this  com- 
merce has  now  greatly  declined.  Lon.  32°  25'  E. 
Lat260  9'36"N. 

Kenfig,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorganshire,  7  m.  fr. 
Bridgend, 

Kenhawa,  co.  Va.  on  Ohio  river,  bordering  on 
Kentucky.  Pop.  3,866.  Slaves,  352.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Kenhawa,  (Great)  r.  Virginia,  which  rises  in 
the  wes-tern  part  of  North  Carolina,  and  running 
N.  and  N.  W.  joins  the  Ohio  at  Point  Pleasant,  in 
38°  55'  N.  lat.  252  miles  below  Pittsburg.  About 
100  miles  from  its  mouth  are  the  Great  Falls, 
where  the  river  descends  perpendicularly  50  feet. 
The  principal  branch  of  the  Kenhawa  is  Green- 
briar,  which  enters  it  40  or  50  miles  above  the 
falls. 

Kenhawa,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  falls  into  the 
Ohio  a  little  below  Marietta,  (Ohio).  It  is  navi- 
gable 10  miles. 

Kcnihvorth,  called  by  corruption  Killingworth,  t. 
Eng.  in  Warwickshirc,between  Coventry  and  War- 
wick. The  town  is  principally  noted  fer  its  magnifi- 
cent castle,  which,  along  with  an  extensive  chase 
and  park,  formed  at  one  time  the  pride  and  orna- 
ment of  all  this  part  of  the  kingdom.  The  remains 
of  the  castle  present  one  of  the  most  splendid  and 
picturesque  wrecks  of  castellatod  strength  to  be 
found  in  England,  and  still  imjart  a  melancholy 
grandeur  to  the  town  and  neighborhood.  This 
castle  was  founded  by  Geoffrry  ds  Cliiton,  cham- 
berlain and  treasurer  to  kmg  Henry  I.  Most  of 
the  buildings,  cf  which  the  remains  are  still  visi- 
ble, were  built  by  John  of  Gaunt,  who  had  acquir- 
ed the  castle  by  marriage.  Throughhis  son  Hen- 
ry IV.  the  castle  again  returned  into  the  hands  of 
the  crov/n,  and  continued  so,  until  queen  Eliza- 
beth conferred  it  on  Robert  Dudley,  earl  of  Leices- 
ter. This  nobleman  spent  immense  sums  in 
adorning  and  enlarging  the  building  ;  and  when 
all  was  finished,  he  entertained  the  queen  here  for 
17  days,  in  a  stile  of  extraordinary  magnificence, 
the  particular.:  of  which  are  still  preserved,  5  m. 
N.  Warwick,  101  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  F  35'  W. 
Lat.  52°  21'  N.     Pop.  2,279. 

Kenlowie,  r.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  which  falls 
into  St.  Andrew's  bay. 

Kenmare,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  on  Kenmare  riv- 
er, 12  ra.  S.  S.  W.  Killarney. 

Kenmare  River,  r.  or  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  Ireland.  The  mouth  is  in  lon.  9°  37' 
W.  lat.  51°  40'  N. 

Kenmore,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  on  Loch 
Tay,  23  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dunkeld. 

Kennebecasis,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs 
E.  and  falls  into  the  river  St.  John. 

Kennebeck,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  Kenne- 
beck  river,  and  inclosed  by  the  counties  of  Som- 
erset, Penobscot,  Lincoln,  and  Oxford.  Pop. 
32,564.    Chief  town,  Augusta. 


Ketinebeck,  r.  Maine,  next  to  Penobscot,  the 
largest  in  the  State.  It  has  two  principal  branch- 
es. The  eastern  branch  rises  in  Moosehead  lake. 
The  western  called  Dead  river,  rises  in  the  high- 
lands, which  separate  Maine  from  Canada,  and 
unites  with  the  eastern  branch  about  20  miles  be- 
low Moosehead  lake.  After  the  junction,  the  riv- 
er flows  south  to  the  Atlantic.  It  is  navigable  for 
ships  12  miles,  to  Bath  ;  for  sloops,  45  miles,  to 
Augusta,  at  the  head  of  the  tide  ;  and  for  boats  60 
miles,  to  Waterville.  At  Waterville  the  naviga- 
tion is  interrupted  by  Teconic  falls,  which  afibrd 
numerous  sites  for  mills.  The  lands  on  the  Ken- 
nebec are  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  tillage  and 
pasture. 

Kennebunk,  r.  Maine,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic at  Kennebunk.  It  has  a  good  harbor  at  its 
mouth. 

Kennebunk,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  in  Wells, 
York  CO.  Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebunk, 
10  m.  S.  Saco,  25  S.  W.  Portland.  Shipping  in 
1816,  11,741  tons.     Here  is  a  bank. 

Kennet-Pans,  v.  Scotland,  1  m.  W.  Kincardine. 

Kennett,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Thames  at 
Sunning, 

Kennedy'' s,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va, 

Kennet,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa,     Pop.  947. 

KeyineCs  square,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Kennomic.     See  Calemick. 

Kennoway,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fife,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Kinghorn. 

Kenock,  or  Kenoque.     See  Knock. 

Kensheim.     See  Kiensheim. 

Kensington,  populous  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex, 
nearly  2  miles  from  Hyde  Park  corner,  and  is 
chiefly  distinguished  for  its  royal  palace  and  gar- 
dens. 

Kensington,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  S. 
W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  781. 

Kent,  maritime  co.  Eng.  forming  the  S.  E.  angle 
of  the  kingdom,  bounded  N.  by  the  Thames, 
which  divides  it  from  Essex,  E.  and  S.  E.  by  the 
Germr.n  ocean  and  straits  of  Dover,  S.  by  Sussex, 
and  \N.  by  Sarry.  It  contains  about  900,000 
acres,  or  1460  sq.  miles,  with  263  inhabitants  to 
each.  The  general  aspect  of  this  county  is  very 
beautiful,  from  the  diversity  of  the  surface,  and 
the  richness  and  variety  of  the  scenery.  It  is  es- 
sentially an  agricultural  county;  and  every  de- 
partment oi  husbandry  is  here  prosecuted  to  a 
great  extent,  and  with  great  ability  and  suficess. 
Pop.  in  1811,  373,095  ;  families  76,265,  of  which 
number  27,077  were  engP'jed  in  agriculture, 
27,996  in  trade  and  manufactures,  and  21,192 
otherwise. 

Kent,  CO.  Lower  Canada,  between  the  rivers 
Sorel  and  St.  Lawrence. 

Kent,  CO.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake  Erie. 

Kent,  CO.  R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of  Narraganset 
bay,  bounded  N.  by  Providence  co.  S.  by  Wash- 
ington CO.  and  W.  by  Connecticut.  Pop.  9,834. 
Chief  town,  Warwick. 

Kent,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Housaton- 
nuc,  45  m.  W.  Hartford,  Pop.  1,794.  Iron  ore 
is  found  here,  and  wrought  extensively. 

Kent,  or  Frederick,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S. 
E.  Poughkeepsie.     Pop.  1,811. 

Kent,  CO.  Del.  bounded  N.  by  Newcastle  co.  E. 
by  Delaware  bay,  S.  by  Sussex  co.  and  W.  by  Ma- 
ryland. Pop.  20,495.  Slaves,  728.  Chief  town, 
Dover. 

Kent,  CO.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Cecil  co.  E.  b;^ 


KEN 


K  E  R 


367 


Delaware,  S.  by  Queen  Anne  co.  and  W.  by 
Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  11,450.  Slaves,  4,249. 
Chief  town,  Chester. 

Kent,  isl.  in  Chesapeake  bay,  annexed  to  Queen 
Anne  co.  Md. 

KenVs  Groups,  small  islands  on  the  S.  E.  coast 
of  New  Holland,  in  Bass's  strait.  Lon.  of  the 
centre,  147°  25'  E.  Lat.  39^  29'  S. 

Kentish  Town,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  2  ra. 
N.  London. 

Kenton,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Ken  with  the  Ex,  2  m.  fr.  Exmouth. 
Pop.  1,793. 

Kenton,  East  and  West,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumber- 
land, 3  m.  N.  N.  W.  Newcastle.     Pop.  1,052. 

Kentucky,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Illi- 
nois, Indiana,  and  Ohio ;  E.  by  Virginia ;  S.  by 
Tennessee ;  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi.  It  extends 
from  lat.  36°  30'  to  39°  10'  N.  aud  from  lon.  81° 
50'  to  89°  20'  W.  Length  on  the  southern  line, 
300  miles.  Extent,  39,000  sq.  miles,  or  24,960,000 
acres.  Pop.  in  1790,73,677;  in  1800,220,959; 
in  1810,  406,511,  of  which  number  324,237  were 
whites,  80,561  slaves,  and  1,713  free  blacks. 

Kentucky  is  almost  insulated  by  navigable  riv- 
ers. The  Big  Sandy,  the  Ohio,  and  the  Missis- 
sippi form  its  boundary  on  three  sides,  while  the 
Cumberland  intersects  its  southern  border.  The 
principal  rivers  which  lie  wholly  vrithin  the  State 
are  Licking,  Kentucky,  and  Green. — The  only 
mountains  are  tbe  Cumberland  range  which  sep- 
arates it  from  Virginia  in  the  S.  E.  The  eastern 
counties  are  mountainous.  A  tract  along  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio,  from  5  to  20  miles  wide,  and 
extending  tlirough  the  whole  length  of  the  State, 
is  hilly  and  broken,  but  has  a  good  soil ;  the  part 
of  this  tract  lying  immediately  upon  the  Ohio,  for 
about  one  mile  in  width  on  an  average,  consists  of 
bottom  lands,  and  is  subject  to  periodical  inunda- 
tion. Between  this  tract,  the  eastern  counties 
and  Green  river,  lies  the  garden  of  the  State.,  It 
is  about  150  miles  long,  and  from  50  to  100  miles 
wide,  and  comprises  the  counties  of  Mason,  Flem- 
ing, Montgomery,  Clarke,  Bourbon,  Fayette, 
Scott,  Harrison,  Franklu^,  Woodford,  Mercer, 
Jessemine,  Madison,  Gairard,  Logan,  Casey,  Lin- 
coln, Washington,  and  Green.  The  surface  of 
this  district  is  agreeably  undulating,  and  the  soil 
black  and  friable,  producing  black  walnut,  black 
cherry,  honey  locust,  buckeye,  pawpaw,  sugar 
tree,  mulberry,  elm,  ash,  cotton  wood,  and  white 
thorn.  The  country  between  Green  and  Cum- 
berland rivers  is  called  "the  barrens."  In  1800 
the  legislature  of  Kentucky  made  a  gratuitous 
grant  of  this  tract  to  actual  settlers,  under  the  im- 
pression that  it  was  of  little  value;  but  it  proves 
to  be  excellent  grain  land ;  and  hogs  and  cattle 
are  raised  in  abundance. — The  whole  Stale,  be- 
low the  mountains,  rests  on  an  immense  bed  of 
limestone,  usually  about  8  feet  below  the  surface. 
There  arc  every  where  apertures  in  this  lime- 
stone, through  which  the  waters  of  the  rivers  sink 
into  the  earth.  The  lai'ge  rivers  cf  Kentucky, 
for  this  reason,  are  more  diminished  during  the 
dry  season,  than  those  of  any  part  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  small  streams  entirely  disappear. 
The  banks  of  the  rivers  are  natural  curiosities. 
They  have  generally  worn  very  deep  channels  in 
the  calcarecus  rocks  over  which  they  flow.  The 
precipices  formed  by  Kentucky  river  are  in  many 
placen  awfully  sublime,  presenting  perpendicular 
banks  of  300  feet  of  solid  limestone,  aurnwunted 
witli  a  steep  and  difficult  ascent,  four  times  as 


high.  In  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  State,  betweem 
Green  river  and  the  Cumberland,  there  are  sev- 
eral wonderful  caves  :  one,  called  the  Mammoth 
cave,  is  said  to  be  8  or  10  miles  long. 

The  principal  productions  of  Kentucky  are 
hemp,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  Indian  corn.  Salt 
springs  are  numerous,  and  supply  not  only  this 
State,  but  a  great  part  of  Ohio  and  Tennessee  witk 
this  mineral. — The  principal  manufactures  arc 
cloth,  spirits,  cordage,  salt,  and  maple  sugar. 
The  value  of  the  manufactures  in  1810  was  esti- 
mated at  $6, 1 8 1,024.  Hemp,  tobacco,  and  wheat 
are  the  principal  exports.  These  are  carried 
down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans, 
and  foreign  goods  received  from  the  same  place 
in  return.  Louisville,  on  the  Ohio,  is  the  centre 
of  this  trade.  The  introduction  of  steam-boat 
navigation  on  the  Ohio  has  been  of  incalculable 
benefit  to  the  commercial  and  manufacturing  in- 
terests of  Kentucky. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  Bap- 
tists, Presbyterians,  and  Methodists.  The  princi- 
pal literary  institutioa  is  the  Transylvania  uni- 
versity at  Lexington.  A  charter  for  another  col- 
lege, to  be  established  at  Danville,  was  granted 
early  in  the  year  1819. — The  legislature  consists 
of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives :  the 
former  hold  their  seats  4  years,  the  latter  are 
ciiosen  annually.  The  governor  is  chosen  for 
4  years,  and  is  ineligible  the  succeeding  8.  More 
than  50  banks  ha»re  been  incoi-porated  in  this 
State. 

Kentucky,  r.  Kentuckj^,  rises  in  the  highlands  in 
the  S  E.  part  of  the  State,  and  running  N.  W. 
falls  into  the  Ohio  at  Port  William,  77  miles  above 
the  rapids  at  Louisville.  It  is  150  yard^  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  of  consider- 
able size,  180  miles  in  the  winter  floods.  The 
banks  are  generally  high  and  rocky,  presenting  in 
some  places  perpendicular  precipices  of  limestone 
of  300  feet. 

Kentucky,  Little,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  Xhz 
Ohio,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river." 

Kentucky,  Indian,  r,  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Kentucky 
river. 

Kents,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia^  30  m.  S. 
\\.  Cracow.     Pop.  2,000. 

Kenyan,  t.  Eng.  in  l-ancashire,  3  m.  E.  Newtoa 
in  Makerfield.     Pop.  415. 

Kenymi,  t.  Glengary  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Kenzingen,  t.  German v,  on  the  Elz,  11  m.  N. 
Friburg.     Pop.  2,200, 

Keounsat/,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrawuddy. 
Lon.  96°  40'  E.  Lat.  17°  20'  N. 

Keo-wee,  r.  U.  S.  the  name  of  Savannah  river 
above  its  confluence  with  the  Tugulo. 

Keozee,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrawuddy. 
Lon.  94°  50'  E.  Lat.  21°  19'  N. 

Kepher  Kcnna,     See  Cana. 

Kephsa.     Sec  Cephisia. 

Keppel  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land, which  wa?  found  by  captain  Flinders  to  com- 
municate with  Port  Curtis.  Lon.  of  the  anchor- 
agL'  150°  58'  E.  Lat.  23°  29'  S. 

KeppeVs  Island,  small  isl.  nea.v  the  Falkland  isl- 
ands.    Lon.  60°  15'  W.  Lat.  51°  24'  S. 

KeppeVs  Island^  one  of  Queen  Charlotte's  isl- 
ands.    Lon.  194°  56'  W.  Lat.  10°  15'  S. 

KcppeV  s  Island.     See  Traitor^ s  Island. 

Kepss,  V.  Syria,  near  the  ruins  of  Seleucia. 

Kcrah,  or  Haweeza,  called  by  the  Turks  Kam- 
fu,  r.  Persia,  which  riers  in  Kurdistan,  receiv^x 


368 


K  E  R 


the  Kazawur  and  the  Gamasu,  and  passing  by  the 
«ity  of  Haweeza,  enters  the  Shut-el-Arab,  about 
20  m.  below  Koma. 

Kerbela,  t.  Irak  Arabi,near  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Euphrates.  Its  ancient  name  was  Vologesia.  It 
is  the  resort  of  numerous  pilgrims  of  the  sect  of 
Ali.    50  m.  S.S.W.  Bagdad. 

Kercolang,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  from  80  to 
100  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  -well  cultivated 
and  populous.     Lon.  126°  30'  E.  Lat.  4°  30'  N. 

Kerempe,  cape,  Anatolia,  on  the  Black  sea.  Lon. 
33°  10'  E.  Lat.  42°  45'  N. 

Kerensky  t.  Russia,  in  Penza,  81  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Tambov.     Pop.  4,500. 

Kerera,  isl.  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire,  in  the 
sound  of  Mull,  8  m.  fr.  the  island  of  Mull. 

Keresoun,  (an.  Cerasus,)  s-p.  A.  Turkey,  on  a 
gulf  of  the  Black  sea,  70  m.  W.  S.  W.  Trebisond. 

Keresztur,  or  Bodrogh-Kerfsslur,  t.  Hungary, 
in  Semplin,  6  m.  S.  Canischa.  Lon.  21°  21'  32"  E. 
Lat.  48°  9'  28''  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Kergeiein,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  S.  Olmutz.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Kergueleri's  Land,  or  Island  of  Desolation,  in 
the  Southern  Indian  ocean,  about  90  miles  long. 
None  but  amphibious  animals  exist  here, 
and  few  vegetables.  Lon.  69°  30'  E.  Lat.  49° 
20' S. 

Kerin,  r.  Chinese  Tartary,  which  falls  into  the 
Amour.     Lon.  136°  44'  E.  Lat.  50°  44'  N. 

Keridg,  r.  Wales,  in  Denbighshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Dee,  5  m.  fr.  Wrexham. 

Keriog,  r.  Wales,  in  Merionethshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Dovy  near  Llanweryng. 

Kerka,  r.  Dalmatia,  which  fzdls  into  the  gulf  of 
Venice. 

Kerkeni,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Tunis. 
Lon.  11°  12'  E.  Lat.  34°  59'  N. 

Kerkook,  t.  A.  Turkey,  the  largest  in  Lower 
Kurdistan.  Pop.  about  13,000.  Lon.  43°  42'  E. 
Lat.  35°  29'  N. 

Kerlon,  r.  Tartar}-,  which  rises  in  about  Ion. 
109°  E.  and  lat  49°  N.  and,  after  a  course  of 
300  miles,  unites  with  the  Opon,  to  form  the 
Argoune. 

Kerman,  (an.  Caramania,)  province  of  the  Per- 
sian empire.  It  has  Mekran  and  Seistan  on  the 
E. ;  Laristan  and  Fars  on  the  W. ;  and  the  Persian 
gulf  on  the  S.  Its  central  and  northern  part  con- 
sists of  extensive  deserts. 

Kerman,  or  Sirjian,  cap.  of  the  above  province, 
was,  at  one  period,  among  the  proudest  cities  of 
the  Persian  empire.  In  1794,  it  was  taken  by 
Aga  Mahommed  Khan,  and  given  up  to  plunder  for 
three  successive  months.  The  finest  edifices  were 
levelled  with  the  ground,  many  of  the  inhabitants 
slain,  and  30,000  sent  into  exile.  The  city  never 
has  recovered  from  this  disaster.  The  population 
does  not  now  exceed  20,000.  Its  manufactures 
and  trade  are  still,  however,  very  considerable: 
the  former  consist  in  shawls,  matchlocks,  and  car- 
pets.    Lon.  56°  10  E.  Lat.  29°  30'  N. 

Kermannshaiv,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak.  It  contains 
12,000  houses.  140  m.  N.  E.  Bagdad.  Lon.  46° 
30'  E.  Lat.  34°  20'  N. 

Kern  el  Hutin,  mt.  Palestine,  10  m.  N.  Tabor. 

Kerns,  t.  Switz.  1 1  m.  S.  Lucerne. 

Kerouart  Islets,  small  islets  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America,  between  51°  and  52°  N.  lat. 

Kerpen,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Erft, 
10  m.  E.  S,  E.  Juliei-s.     Pop.  1,600. 

Kerrapny,  country,  on  the  E.  part  of  the  C5old 


K  E  T 

coast  of  Africa,  bordering  on  Whidah.    It  con- 
tains  several  independent  kingdoms  and  states. 

Kerrsville,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

Kerry,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  W.  by  the  Shan- 
non, N,  E.  by  Limerick  co.  S.  E.  by  Cork,  and  W, 
by  the  Atlantic.  Extent,  1,040,487  acres.  A 
very  great  proportion  of  the  county  is  dreary, 
desolate,  encumbered  with  very  lofty  mountains, 
rocky  and  often  inaccessible.    Pop.  about  140,000. 

Kerry  Head,  Ireland,  the  S.  cape  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Shannon.     Lon.  9°  47'  W.  Lat.  52°  24' N. 

Kerry  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  Lon 
5°  22'  W.  Lat.  54°  22'  N. 

Kerschau,  or  Kersano,  t.  Istria,  10  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Pedena.     Pop.  800. 

Kershaw,  district,  S.  C.  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Wateree.  Pop.  9,876.  Slaves,  4,847.  Chief 
town,  Camden. 

Kershope,  r.  Scotland,  which  forms  for  several 
miles  the  boundary  between  Scotland  and  Eng- 
land, and  falls  into  the  Liddal. 

Kertsch,  Kertz,  or  Kjerch,  s-p.  and  fortress,  Eu. 
Russia,  in  the  government  of  Taurida,  on  theE. 
coast  of  the  Crimea.  It  has  a  good  harbor.  This 
fortress,  and  that  of  Jenikale,  about  12  miles  to  the 
E.  N.  E.  command  the  strait  between  the  Black 
sea  and  the  sea  of  Azoph.  Its  Russian  name  is 
Vospor.  60  m.  N.  N.  E.  CafTa,  100  E.  S.  E.  Pere- 
kop.    Lon.  36°  24'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N. 

Kersergebirge,  a  range  of  mountains  in  Tran- 
sylvania, branching  off  from  the  Carpathians. 

Kesem.     See  Kisseen. 

Kesgo,  Bay  and  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spairi, 
to  the  E.  of  Santander. 

Kesh,  or  Qwex,  t.  Great  Bukharia,  30  m.  S.  Sa- 
marcand. 

Kesker,  or  Kubar,  s-p.  Ghilan,  in  Persia,  25  m. 
N.  W.  Reshd. 

Kesselsdorf,  v.  Silesia,  in  Jauer,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Lowenberg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Kesselsdorf,  v.  Saxony,  7  m.  W.  Dresden. 

Kestzhely,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Platten  see,  with 
a  castle,  and  a  seminary  for  the  improvement  of 
agriculture.    23  m.  S.  Vasarhely.     Pop.  9,000. 

Keswick,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  delightfully 
situated  at  the  N.  E.  end  of  the  romantic  lake  of 
Derwentwater,  in  the  beautiful  vale  of  Keswick. 
It  is  much  visited  by  strangers  who  make  the  tour 
of  the  lakes.  17  m.  W.  Penrith,  292  N.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  3°  7'  W.  Lat.  54°  36'  N.     Pop.  1,683. 

Keszdi  Vasarhely,  t.  Transvlvania,  72  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Hermannstadt,'41  N.  by  E.  Cronstadt.  Lon. 
26°  7'  E.  Lat.  46°  45'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Ket,  r.  Scotland,  in  Wigtonshire,  which  runs 
into  the  sea  at  Port  Yarrock. 

Ket,  r.  Siberia,  which  falls  into  the  Obi,  near 
Narym. 

Kclch-hissar,  t.  Caramania,  in  Asia  Minor,  85 
m.  S.  W.  Kaisarieh. 

Ketchluk,  t.  Caramania,  in  Asia  I\Iinor,  98  m. 
N.  W.  Konieh. 

Ketce,  t.  Hind,  in  Sinde,  on  the  Indus^ 

Ketskemet,  t.  Hungary,  in  the  county  of  Pest. 
It  is  the  residence  of  many  families  of  rank.  46 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Sze-edin,  50  S.  S.  E.  Pest.  Lon.  19'^ 
42'  E.  Lat.  46°  54'  N.     Pop.  25,000. 

Ketterin,  or  Catherine,  Loch,  a  beautiful  lake  of 
Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  about  10  miles  long,  and 
li  broad,  and  distinguished  for  its  picturesque 
scenery. 

Ketltring,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton  eo.  It  has 
manufactures  of  tammies  and  lute.«trings.    Pop. 


K  H  A 

3,242.     74  m.  N.  W.  Loudon.     Lon,  0°  43'  VV. 
Lat.  52°  24'  N. 

Kettle,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  runs  into  lake 
Erie,  W.  of  Long  Point. 

Kettlesholme,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  7  m.  N.  E. 
Macclesfield. 

Kettwyk,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  on  the  Roer, 
3  m.  VV.  N.  W.  VVerden.     Pop.  1,400. 

Kelzin,  t.  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the 
IJavel,  8  m.  N.  W,  Potsdam.     Pop.  800. 

Kevelaer,  t.  Prussian  Westphalia,  4  m.  from 
Gueldres. 

Kcvcnny,  r.  Wales,  in  Montgomeryshire,  which 
falls  into  the  Uske  at  Abergavenny. 

Kcula,  t.  Saxony,  in  Schwartzburg-Sonders- 
bausen,  11m.  N.  Muhlhausen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Keuschberg,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Merseburg. 

Keip,  V.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the  Thames,  opposite 
Old  Brentford.  Kew  palace  was  a  favourite  re- 
treat of  George  III.  'The  botanic  garden  here, 
chiefly  for  exotics,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world. 
Pop.  560.     6  m.  W.  London. 

Keuaw,  or  Kiawa,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
S.  C.  between  Johns  island  and  the  ocean. 

Kewe.ena,  point,  N.  W.  Territory,  on  the  shore 
of  lake  Superior,  50  m.  E.  of  the  mouth  of  Ontan- 
agan  river.     Here  is  found  copper  ore. 

Kexholm,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland,  at  the  in- 
flux of  the  Woxa  into  the  lake  Ladoga,  90  m.  N. 
St.  Petersburg. 

Keydee,  t.  Bengal,  in  Chuta  Nagpore.  Lon.  84° 
49'  E.  Lat.  22°  46'  N. 

Keynsham,  or  Kaynsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset- 
shire, on  the  N.  side  of  the  Avon,  5  m.  S.  E.  Bris- 
tol, 116  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  29'  W.  Lat  51° 
24'  N.     Pop.  1,748. 

Keysd,  or  Szavd,  Kessd,  or  Kuszdiu  t.  Transyl- 
vania, 7  m.  E.  by  S.  Schsesburg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Key''s  Isles,  three  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
about  133°  E.  lon.  and  between  5°  and  6°  N.  lat. 

Keystille,  p-v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

K&yzer''s  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  104°  38'  E.  Lat.  5°  40^  iN. 

Kezil.     See  Kizilosen. 

Khabur.     See  Kabour. 

Khadarah,  el,  the  Chadra  of  Edrisi,  and  perhaps 
the  Colonia  Augiisla  of  Ptolemy,  t.  Tlemsan,  in 
Algiers,  near  the  river  Shelliff,  55  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Algiers. 

Khaibar,  t.  Hedsjas,  in  Arabia,  120  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Medina.     Lon.  40^  50'  E.  Lat.  25'^  10'  N, 

Khalitz.     See  Kalitz. 

Khami.     See  Haini. 

Khamiesherg,  a  station  of  the  Wesleyan  Mis- 
sionary Society,  in  Little  Namaqualand,  in  South 
Africa. 

Khanakee,  t.  Irak  Arabi,  98  m.  N.E.  Bagdad. 

Kkandesh,  province.  Hind,  between  21°  and 
23°  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Malwah,  W.  by  Guje- 
rat,  S.bv  Aurungabad,  E.  by  Berar. 

Khangah,  el,  t.  Egypt,  12  m.  N.  E.  Cairo. 

Kharasin,  country,  Asia,  lying  along  the  E.  side 
of  the  Caspian  sea,  bounded  S.  by  Korassan,  and 
E.  by  Great  Bukharia.  It  is  about  320  miles  long 
from  N.to  S.  and  the  same  distance  from  E.  to  W, 
The  country  is  fertile,  and  was  formerly  populous, 
but  has  much  declined  under  the  de^lructive 
power  of  the  Usbeks. 

Kharshoot,  r.  A.  Turkey,  whicli  falls  into  the 
Black  sea,  near  Tereboli. 

KUasgiinme.  t.  Hind,  iu  Agra.  lyon.-  7S°  36'  E. 
Lat.  27°  52'' X. 

47 


K  I  A 


369 


Khatanga,  r.  Siberia,  which  rises  in  Tomsk, 
and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  500  miles,  falls  into 
the  Northern  ocean. 

Kliauar,  or  Haivari,  t.  Irak, in  Persia,  200  m.N. 
Ispahan. 

Khemlasa,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  78°  36' 
E.  Lat.  24°  15'  N. 

Khiber,  or  Teera,  mts.  on  the  N.  boundary  of 
Afghanistan. 

Khieva.     See  Chiva. 

Khilli,  Cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Negropont.     Lon.  24°  4'  E.  Lat.  38°  36'  N. 

Khillis,  t.  Syria,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Taurus, 
28  m.  N.  N.  W.  x\leppo. 

Khisht,  V.  Ears,  in  Persia,  63  m.  E.  Bushire. 

Khodagungc,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  oft  Callynuddy 
river,  15  m.fr.  Cannonge. 

Khodorkov,  t.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  S.  W.  of  the 
city  of  Kiev.     Pop.  .'i,300. 

Ktioee,  t.  Azerbijan,  in  Persia,  on  the  borders  of 
the  lake  of  Urumea.  It  is  the  emporium  of  a  con- 
siderable trade  between  Persia  and  Turkey.  150 
m.  W.  Ardebil.     Pop.  25,000. 

Khogiloea,  district  of  Ears,  in  Persia.  Behaban 
is  the  capital. 

Khojund,  city,  Great  Bukharia,  scarcely  equal- 
led by  any  in  this  part  of  Asia  for  climate,  beauty 
of  situation,  and  populousncss.  The  Sirr,  or  Si- 
hon,  the  ancient  jaxartes,  flows  under  its  walla. 
120  m.  N.  E.  Samarcand. 

Klmisar,  t.  Persia,  92  m.  N.  W.  Ispahan. 

Kkoordah,  district.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Khoordah, 
or  Khoordaghar,  the  capital,  is  30  m.  S.  VV.  oi'  the 
city  of  C  attack. 

Khoosgal,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  75°  13' 
E.  Lat.  15°  29'  N. 

Khooshalgur,  t.  Hind,  in  xijmeer.  Lon.  76° 
40' E.   Lat.  26°  27' N. 

Klcorassan.     See  Korassan. 

Klwrfakan,  s-p.  Ommorj,  in  Arabia,  on  the  Per- 
sian gulf.     Lon.  5,i°  40'  E.  Lat.  25°  18'  N. 

Kliorumabad,  (an.  Corbienne,)  t.  Irak,  in  Per- 
sia, on  the  Kerah,  180  m.  W.  i\.  W.  Ispahan. 

Khosciab,  t  Hedsjas,  in  Arabia,  26  m.  S.  W. 
Medina. 

Kkoziar,  i.  Beloochistan.  Lon.  67°  E.  Lat. 
30°  30'  N. 

Khyrabad,  or  Kairahad,  district,  Flind.  in  Oude, 
between  27°  and  28°  N.  lat.  bounded  W.  by  the 
Ganges,  and  E.  by  the  Gogra.  Khyrabad,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  80°  45'  E.  lat.  27°  29'  N. 

Kiab,  t.  Chusistan,  in  Persia,  on  the  Kerah,  200 
m.  VV.  Ispahan. 

Kiahingfou,  t.  China,  in  the  province  of  Tche- 
kiang.  The  silk  manufactures  are  very  extensive. 
130  m.  S.  E.  x^fankin.  Lon.  120°  14'  E.  Lat. 
32°  N. 

Kiakhta,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  the  centre  of 
all  the  trade  carried  on  between  the  Russian  and 
Chinese  emj^ires.  The  great  fair  is  held  in  De- 
cember, when  merchaints  flock  thither  from  every 
part  of  the  Prussian  empire.  They  bring  cloths,' 
furs,  beavers,  Russia  and  morocco  leather;  and 
receive  in  exchange  nankeens,  silk  stufls,  tea, 
rhubarb,  &c.  The  Russian  and  Chinese  towns 
are  separate  from  each  other,  and  each  defended 
by  a  fort.  The  Chinese  town  is  called  Naimats- 
chin.     330  m,  S.  Irkoutsk, 

Kinngan,  t.  Anatolia,  256  m.  E.  S.  E.  Constan- 
tinople. 

Kiangrmn,  province  of  China,  bounded  E.  by 
the  sea,  N.  by  Shantung,  W.  by  Uonan,.aiid  S.  by 
Tcli'skiAnsandQaaxis;se«.    It  may  be  considered 


370 


K  I  E 


K  I  L 


as  the  centre  of  the  navigation,  wealth,  and  com- 
merce of  this  great  empire.  The  great  rivers 
Hoanho  and  Yang-tse-kiang  traverse  it  from  E.  to 
W.  From  N.  to  S.  it  is  crossed  by  the  great  ca- 
ual,  which  opens  an  intercourse  with  Pekin.  Nan- 
kin is  the  capital. 

Kiangsee,  a  fine  province  of  China,  extending 
southwards  from  Kiangnan  to  Quangtong.  It 
yields  in  abundance  rice  and  silk.  An  immense 
manufacture  of  porcelain  is  carried  on  at  Kingte- 
ching. 

Kiawa.    See  Kewaiv. 

Kiawer,  v.  W.  Africa,  in  Boorsalum,  on  the 
Gambia. 

Kibban,  t.  Koordistan,  li  m.  fr.  the  Euphrates, 
80  W.Diarbekir. 

Kibblestone,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  adjoining 
to  Stone.     Pop.  1,056. 

Kihblesworlh,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  4  m.  S.  by  W. 
Gateshead. 

Kichlingsbf.rg,t.  Baden,  13  m.  N.  W.  Freyburg. 

Kickaboo,  or  Red  buck,  small  r.  Illinois,  which 
runs  into  the  Illinois  on  the  N.  a  litUe  below  lake 
Pioria. 

Kickapoot,  Indians,  in  Illinois.  They  are  scat- 
tered along  the  rivers  Wabash,  Illinois,  and  Mis- 
sissippi, but  their  largest  settlement  is  in  a  Prairie 
90  m.  N.  by  E.  Vincennes.  They  raise  tobacco, 
corn,  beans,  and  potatoes,  have  a  great  number  of 
horses,  and  are  good  hunters.  The  number  of 
warriors  is  about  600. 

Kickemuit,  a  N.  W.  arm  of  Mount  Hope  bay, 
R.  1.  2  miles  long  and  ^  a  mile  broad. 

Kid,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  3 
m.  S.  W.  Binwy  Head. 

Kidderminster,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester  co.  on  the 
Stour,  and  connected  by  an  inland  navigation 
with  Birmingham,  Bristol,  Liverpool,  and  Hull. 
It  has  long  been  noted  for  its  manufactures  of 
crapes,  bombazines,  and  poplins.  But  the  carpet 
manufacture  is  that  which  has  taken  the  firmest 
root,  and  promoted  most  essentially  the  trade, 
wealth,  and  population  of  the  town.  Pop.  8,038. 
13  m.  N.  Worcester,  126  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2° 
14'  W.  Lat.  52^  23'  N. 

Kidge.     See  K^. 

Kidnappers,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land.    Lon.  182°  24'  W.  Lat.  39°  43'  S. 

Kidron,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  brook  flowing  through 
a  valley  between  Jerusalem  and  Mount  Olivet 
into  the  Dead  sea. 

Kidu-elly,  t.  South  wales,  in  Caermartheh  co. 
on  both  sides  of  the  Lesser  Gwendraeth.  Co:d 
and  iron  abound  in  the  neighbourhood.  10  m.  S. 
Caermarthen,  226  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  IB'  W. 
Lat.  51°  44'  N.     Pop.  1,441. 

Kieidani,  or  Keidani,  Eu.  Russia,  in  Wilna, 
near  Kowno.     Pop.  2,700. 

Kiel,  t.  Denmark,  and  cap.  of  Holstein,  at  the 
bottom  of  a  bay  or  gulf  in  the  Baltic,  which  forms 
a  convenient  harbor.  Ship-building  and  mercan- 
tile agency  are  the  principal  occupations  here. 
The  manufactures  are  hats,  tobacco,  starch,  and 
sugar  refining.  A  great  annual  fair  takes  place 
in  Januaiy.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  which 
contained  in  1818,  only  107  students;  the  number 
of  regular  professors  is,  however,  19,  besides  10 
extraordinary.  26  m.  S.  E.  Sleswick,  51  N.  Ham- 
burgh. Lon.  10°  8'  18''  E.  Lat.  64°  10'  43"  N. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Kiel,  a  canal  of  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  which 
joins  the  Baltic  to  the  Eyder,  thus  Ibrmins:  a  cotn- 
munication  with  the  G£'rin'.in  oceun.     It  is  2-..*^ 


miles  long,  from  90  to  100  feet  wide  at  the  sur'- 
face,  54  at  the  bottom,  and  at  least  10  feet  deep. 
It  has  6  sluices,  and  is  capable  of  admitting  ves- 
sels 95  feet  in  length,  24  in  width,  and  of  9  feet 
draught. 

Kielce,  t.  Poland,  in  Cracow,  24  m.  E.  by  N.. 
Malagocz.     Pop.  2,400. 

Kiemi,  or  Kimi,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the 
river  Kiemi,  3  m.  fr.  its  mouth,  11  S.  E.  Tornea. 
Lon.  24°  27'  E.  Lat.  66°  49'  N. 

Kieming,  t.  Russia,  in  F'inland,  on  the  river 
Jio,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Kien,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  N.  W, 
coast  of  Russia. 

Kiennhing-fou,  city,  China,  in  the  province  of 
Fokien,  or  Footchieu,  on  the  river  Minho.  Lon. 
117°  2' E.  Lat  27°  5'  N. 

Kiensheim,  v.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  6  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Colmar. 

Kien-lchang-fou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank, 
in  Kiang-si.     Lon.  118°  20'  E.  Lat.  27°  35'  N, 

Kieoukiangy  city  of  the  province  of  Kiangsee, 
in  China,  on  the  Yang-tse-kiang,  3  or  4  miles  be- 
fore its  junction  with  the  lake  Poyang.  Lon. 
115°  41' E.  Lat.  29°  54' N. 

Kiera.     See  Saniorin. 

Kjersch.     See  Kertsch. 

Kiertiminde,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Fu- 
nen,  8  m.  E.  N.E.  Odensee.  Lon.  10°  40'  E.  Lat. 
65°22'N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Kiev,  a  government  in  the  S.  W.  of  Eu.  Russia, 
bounded  by  Podolia,  Volhynia,  Minsk,  Tschemi- 
gov,  and  Poltava,  from  which  last  it  is  separated 
by  the  Dnieper.  It  lies  between  28°  40'  and  33® 
25'  E.  lon.  and  48°  30'  and  51°  50'  N.  lat.  Ex- 
tent, 21,000  sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  a  million. 

Kiev,  Kiov,  or  Kiowy  t.  Eu.  Russia,  and  cap.  of 
the  preceding  government,  stands  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Dnieper,  and  consists  properly  of  3 
towns,  viz.  the  Old  Town,  Podol  or  the  Lower 
Town,  and  the  fortress  of  Petscherski.  It  has  a 
university,  established  in  1803.  The  church  of 
St.  Sophia  at  Kiev,  being  the  earliest  Christian 
church  in  Russia,  is  an  object  of  great  interest, 
and  of  frequent  pilgrimage  to  the  followers  of  th« 
Greek  faith.  270  m.  N.  by  W.  Cherson.  Lon, 
SO*^  27'  E.  Lat.  50°  27'  N.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Kikacco,  t.  Congo,  in  Africa,  on  the  river  Boki- 
an,  30  m.  S.  E.  Pango. 

Kikiany,  small  isl.  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Japanese  group.  Lon.  132°  25'  E.  Lat.  29'-* 
40'  N. 

Kilang.     See  Keelan. 

Kilborn.     See  Kinbum. 

Kilbrannin  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Scotland, 
between  the  peninsula  of  Kintyre  and  the  isle  of 
Arran. 

Kilcock,  V.  Ireland,  in  Kildare,  on  the  Blackwa 
ter,  14  m.  W.  by  N.  Dublin. 

Kilconqiihar,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  on  tlu 
frith  of  Forth,  1  m.  N.  Ely. 

Kilcullen,  or  Kilcnllen  Bridge,  t.  Ireland,  in 
Kildare  co.  on  the  Liffey,  21  m.  S.  W.  Dublin,  7 
E.  Kildare. 

Kildare,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Meath,  E- 
by  Dublin  and  Wicklow,  S.  by  C'arlow,  and  W. 
by  King's  and  Queen's  counties.  Extent,  593  sq. 
miles.  The  county  is  mostly  an  extensive  flat  of 
fine  arable  soil.  Pop.  at"  least  110,000.  The 
proportion  of  Catholics  to  Protestants  is  30  to  1. 

Kildare,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kildare  co.  It  is  chief!) 
supported  by  the  frequent  horse  races  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, having  little  or  no  trade.    33  m.  W.  N. 


K  I  L 


K  1  L 


^1\ 


W.  Wicklow,  25  W.  S.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  6°  57' 
W.  Lat.  53°  4'  N. 

Kildare^  t.  Warwick  co.  Lower  Canada,  34  m. 
N.  Montreal. 

Kildorenyj  v.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  107  m.  S.  W. 
Dublin. 

Kilduyn,  isl.  in  the  Arctic  ocean,  on  the  coast 
of  Lapland.     Lon.  33=^  8'  E.  Lat.  68°  48'  N.  ^ 

Kildysart,  t.  Ireland,  in  Clare  co.  on  the  Shan- 
non, 122  m.  S.  W,  Dublin. 

Kile/,  t.  Balk,  in  Central  Asia,  on  the  leftside 
af  the  Oxus,  60  in.  N,  W.  Balk. 

Kilpenora,  v.  Ireland,  in  Clare  co.  116  m.  frc>m 
Dublin. 

Kiljiniclien,  and  Kilviceueru,  parish,  Scotland, 
in  Argyleshire,  in  the  island  of  Mull.     Pop.  3,205. 

KUgerran,  or  Cilgerran,  v.  South  Wales,  in 
Pembroke  co.  on  the  Tivy,  4  m.  S.  W.  Cardigan. 
Pop.  769. 

Kilia  JVbr«,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the 
N.  branch  of  the  Danube,  which  is  navigable  to 
this  town  for  the  largest  vessels  used  in  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Black  sea.  The  maritime  trade  of 
Moldavia, Walachia,  and  Bulgaria,  passe:*  through 
this  place;  and  it  exports  to  the  countries  bor- 
dering on  the  Mediterranean,  wool,  goats'  hair, 
honey,  tallow,  wine,  v/ax,  hides,  and  corn.  84  m. 
S.  W,  Bender,  313  N.  by  E.  Constantinople.  Lon. 
30°25'E.  Lat.  45°  30' N. 

Kilios,  t.  Anatolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Black  sea,  60  m.  W.  S.  W.  Amasieh. 

Kilkary,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  78° 
53'  E.  Lat.  9°  15'  N. 

Kilkeele,  v.  Ireland,  on  the  coast  of  Down  co. 
65  m.  N.  by  E.  Dublin. 

Kilkenny,  co.  Ireland,  in  the  province  of  Lein- 
ster,  bounded  N.  W.  by  Queen's  co.  N.  by  Car- 
low  CO.  E.  by  Wexford,  and  S.  W.  by  Tipperary. 
It  contains  510,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1800,  108,000, 
of  whom  95,000  were  Catholics. 

Kilkenny,  city,  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
county,  is  delightfully  situated  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  JVore.  The  town  contains  the  castle  of  the 
earl  of  Ormond,  the  cathedral,  the  bisliop's  pal- 
ace, the  celebrated  college  or  free  school,  a  thea- 
tre, &c.  Lon.  7°  15'  W.  Lat.  52<=  35'  N.  Pop. 
14,975. 

Kilkenny,  t.  Leinster  co.  Lower  Canada,  30  m. 
N.  W.  Montreal. 

Kilkenny,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  8  m.  N.  E.  Lancas- 
ter.    Pop.  28. 

Kilkenny,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

Kilkerran  Bay,  harbor,  Ireland,  in  Galway  co. 
Lon.  9°  50'  W.  Lat.  53°  15' N. 

Kiliack,  s-p.  Mekran,  in  Persia,  on  the  Indian 
ocean,  70  m.  N.  W.  Churbar. 

Killah  Hashem  Khan,  t.  Persia,  61  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Sultania. 

Killala,  t  Ireland,  in  Mayo  co.  on  a  fine  hay  of 
the  Atlantic,  127  m  N.  W.  Dublin,  24  N.  Castle- 
bar.     Lon.  9°  3'  W.  Lat.  54°  12'  N. 

Killaloe,  t.  Ireland,  in  Clare  co.  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Shannon,  11  m.  N.  N.  E.  Limerick. 

Killamarsh,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  9i  m.  N.  E. 
Chesterfield.     Pop.  632. 

Killard  PoinU  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland, 
6  m.  E.  Downpatrick.  Lon.  5°  27'  W.  Lat.  54° 
22'  N. 

Killarney,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kerry  co.  It  is  a  thri- 
ving town,  much  frequented,  on  account  of  the 
adjoining  lake,  which  is  remarkable  for  its  pic- 
turesque beauties.  Killarney  is  the  residence  of 
the.  Roman  Catholic  bishop,     38  m,  W.  C-^rk.  144 


S.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  9°  32'  W.  Lat.  51°  49'  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Killbegan,  t.  Ireland,  in  Westmeath  co.  on  the 
river  Brosna,  remarkable  for  two  old  moaaste- 
ries.     44  m.  W.  Dublin,  15  E.  Athlone. 

Killbuck,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  White  wo- 
man's creek,  3  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Muskingum. 

Killeen,  t.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  7  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Navan. 

Killery  Harbor,  bav,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon  9°  46'  W.  Lat.  53^  38'  N. 

Killeshandra,  v.  Ireland,  in  Cavan  co.  on  the 
river  Croghan,  61  m.  JS.  W.  Dublin. 

Kitliccrankie,  a  noted  pass  to  the  highlands  of 
Scotland,  in  Athol,  near  the  junction  of  tlie  Tum- 
mel  with  the  Garry. 

Killin,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perth  co.  at  the  W.  end 
of  Loch  Tay. 

Killingly,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on  the  Quinne- 
baug,  25  m.  W.  Providence,  45  E.  Hartford. 
Pop.  2,512.  It  contains  4  churches,  3  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  and  1  tor  Baptists.  Stone  is  found 
here  good  tor  whetstones,  and  a  quarry  of  soft 
stone  used  for  jambs. 

Killijigton.     See  Sherburne. 

Killinglon  peak,]  one  of  the  highest  summits  of 
the  Green  mountains,  in  Vermont,  10  m.  E.  Rut- 
land. 

Kiltingv-orth,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  6  m, 
N.  E.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.     Pop.  889. 

Killingivorth,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  Long- 
Island  Sound,  26  m.  E,  New  Haven,  38  S.  E. 
Hartford,  26  W.  New  London.  Pop.  2,244.  It 
has  a  harbor  with  8  feet  water  on  the  bar,  and 
owns  some  shipping.  The  village  contains  about 
70  houses,  and  is  built  on  a  street,  1^  miles  long> 
which  is  crossed  by  Indian  river. 

Killmncduagh^  v.  Ireland,  in  Galway  co.  12  ni. 
N.  Ennis. 

Kilbnallock,  t.  Ireland,  in  Limerick  co.  About 
three  centuries  back  it  was  one  of  the  best  buili 
inland  towns  of  Ireland.  4  m.  N.  E.  Charleville, 
16  S.  Limerick.     Lon.  8°  31'  W.  Lat.  52°  16'  N. 

Kilhnichad  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  cf 
Ireland.     Lon.  6°  9'  W.  Lat.  52°  44'  N. 

Killough,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  with  a  fine 
harbor,  5  m.  S.  Downpatrick,  75  N.  N.  E.  Dub- 
lin.    Lon.  5'^  45'  W.  Lat.  54°  13'  N. 

Killybegs,  t.  Ireland,  in  Donegal  co.  on  Done- 
gal bav,  124  m.  xN.  W.  Dublin,  13  W.  Donegal. 
Lon.  8°  48'  W.  Lat  54°  30'  N. 

KiHyleagh,  t.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  on  an  arm 
of  Lough  Strangford,  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Downpatrick, 
15  S.  S.  E.  Belfast.  Lon.  5"  46'  W.  Lat.  54^^ 
25' N. 

Kilmacihomas,  v.  Ireland,  in  Waterford,  83  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Dublin, 

Kilinahog,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  1  m.  W. 
Callander. 

Kilmalie,  parish,  Scotland,  in  the  counties  of 
Inverness  and  Argyle.     Pop.  4,645. 

Kihnaniraig,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Invernes!- 
shire.     Pop.  2,407. 

Kilmany,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  5  m-  fr.  Cu- 
par in  Fife. 

Kilmarmck,  or  St.  Marnocfi,  t.  Scotland,  in  .Ayr- 
shire, on  Kilniarnock  river.  It  is  the  principal 
manufacturing  town  in  the  county,  and  for  many 
years  has  carried  on  a  considoi-able  trade.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  carpets,  shoes,  blank- 
ets, tartans,  and  other  woollen  cloths;  bonnets, 
cap?,  mit?,  stockin*?,  gloyep,  leather,  and  saddle- 


372 


K  I  N 


K  I  N 


ry.  Pop.  in  1819,  14,000.  22  m.  S.  W.  Glasgow, 
12  N.  E.  Ayr,  64  S.  W.  Edinburg.  Lon.4"2r 
W.  Lat.55°40'N. 

Kilmarnock,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  Va. 

Kilmaurs,  t.  ScotlAnd,  in  Ayrsliire.     Pop.  500. 

Kilmore,  v.  Ireland,  in  Cavan  co.  3^  in.  from 
Cavan. 

Kilmurry,  v.  Ireland,  on  the  coast  of  Clare  co. 
129m.fr.  Dublin. 

Kilonga,  t.  Beng;uela,  in  Afiica,  15  m.  up  the 
river  Benguela. 

Kilongo,  district  of  Loango,  W.  Africa,  30  m. 
N.  W.  Loango.    Lat.  4°  25'  S. 

Kilpntrick,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  Clyde,  10  m.  W. 
Glasgow.     Pop.  500. 

Kilrea,  t.  Ireland,  in  Londonderry  co.  102  m.  N. 
■Dublin. 

Kilrenny,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Kilrvsh,  p-t.  Ireland,  in  Clare  co.  on  the  Shan- 
non, 142  m.  S.  W.  Dublin. 

Kilsyth,  V.  Scotland,  in  Stirling  co.  The  in- 
Jiabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  weaving  for  the 
Glasgow  manufacturers.  Pop.  in  1819,  1,500. 
12^  m.  E.by  N.  Glasgow,  Hi  W.  Falkirk,  16  S. 
W,  Stirling,  15  N.  Hamilton. 

Kilwinning,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  on  the 
Garnock,  3  m.  N.  N.  W.  Irvine,  28  S.  W.  Glas- 
gow.    Pop.  1,260. 

Kilworlh,  t.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  104  m.  S.  W. 
Dublin. 

Kimbcrworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  W,  by 
N.  Rotherham.     Pop.  3,482. 

KimboUon,  (an.  Kinnibanfum,)  t.  Eng.  in  Flun- 
tingdon,  6^  m.  E.  Higham  Ferrers,  64  N.  London. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Kimedy,  t.  Hind,  in  Northern  Circars.  Lon. 
84°  ll'E.  Lat.  18°  48' N. 

Kimtridge,  or  Kommeridge,  v.  Eng.  in  Dorset- 
shiro,  IJ  m.  W,  S.  W.  Corin.  castle. 

Kimi  Lappmark.     See  Kiemi. 

Kimihic,  or  Camagi.chi,  r.Arkansaw  Territory, 
which  runs  into  Red  river. 

Kimkina,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Walachia,  on  the 
river  Aluta,  53  m.  N.  Bucharest. 

Kimmoo.     See  Kcmmoo. 

Kimpolung,  L  Austrian  Poland,  in  the  Bucko- 
wine,  1 16  m.  W.  N.  W.  Jassy.  Lon.  25°  8'  E. 
Lat.  47°  42'  N. 

Kinalour,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
19'  E.  Lat.  12°  15'  N. 

Kinhum,  properly  Kilbom,  a  small  fortress  in 
theS.  VV.  of  European  Russia,  in  the  government 
of  Taurida,  on  the  Black  sea,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
estuary  of  the  Dnieper.  The  harbor  is  tolerably 
secure.     Lon.  3F  .36'  E.  Lat.  46°  35'  N. 

Kincanon's  iron-works,  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Kincardineshire,  or  the  Mearns,  co.  Scotland, 
bounded  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  N.  by  the  riv- 
er Dee  and  part  of  Aberdeenshire,  W.  and  S.  by 
Angus  CO.  Extent,  380  sq.  miles,  or  243,444 
acres.  About  one  half  the  county  consists  of  high 
hills  or  barren  heaths,  which  altogether  preclude 
cultivation.  Pop.  in  1801,  26,349;  in  1811, 
27,581. 

Kincardine,  formerly  West  Pans,  t.  Scotland, 
in  Perth  co.  on  thf^  Forth.     Pop.  1,200. 

Khicardine  0''Neil,  v.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire, on  the  Dee. 

Kinchan,  the  name  of  the  river  Yang-tse-kiang, 
in  the  upper  part  of  its  course.  See  Yang-tse- 
kiang, 

Kincraig  Point,  promontory,  Scotland,  on  the 


frith  of  Forth,  forming  the  S.  E.  boundary  of 
Largo  bay. 

Kindelbrufk,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  near  the  Wip- 
per,  21  m.  N.  E.  Erfurt.     Pop.  1,200, 

Kinderhook  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  rises  in  Berlin,  Rens- 
selaer CO.  and  flowing  S.  E.  receives  Claverick 
creek,  and  a  mile  below  enters  the  Hudson,  at 
Kinderhook. 

Kinderhook,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson 
river,  10  m.  above  Hudson,  20  below  Albany. 
Pop.  3,709.  Here  is  an  academy,  and  an  exten- 
sive cotton  factory.  At  Kinderhook  landing  there 
is  a  post-office. 

Kinder  ton,  v.  Eng.  in  Chester,  1^  m.  E.Middle- 
wich. 

Kinel,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Samara, 
22  m.  above  the  city  of  Samara. 

Kineton,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire,  85  m.  N.  W. 
London.     Lon.  1°  30'  W.  Lat.  52°  9'  N. 

King-and-f^ueen,  co.  Va.  on  Mattapoony  river, 
which  separates  it  from  King  William  co.  Pop. 
10,988.  Slaves,  6,003.  Chief  town,  Dunkirk. 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Kingan-fou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiangsee,  on  the  river  Kankian.  Lon.  114°  32' 
E.  Lat.  27°  7'  N. 

King  creek,  p-v.  Barnwell  co.  S.  C. 

King  George,  co.  between  the  Potomac  and 
Rappahannock  rivers.  Pop.  6,454.  Slaves, 
3,876.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

King  George's  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  discovered  by  commodore  Byron  in 
1765,  and  visited  by  captain  Cook  in  1773.  Lon. 
149°  2'  W.  Lat.  14°  35'  S. 

King  George^s  Sound.     See  JSTootka  Sound. 

King  George  the  Third's  Jirchipelago,  group  of 
islands  on  the  W,  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  223** 
45'  to  225°  37i'  E.  Lat.  56°  10'  to  58°  18'  IS'. 

King  George  the  Third'' a  Island.     See  Ctaheite, 

King  George  the  Third  s  Sound,  a  capacious 
bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  of 
Bald  Head,  the  entrance  into  the  sound,  118°  0' 
45"  E.  Lat.  36°  6'  15"  S. 

Kinghele,  t.  W,  Africa,  cap.  of  Cacongo,  on  the 
Loango  Louisa. 

Kinghom,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Fife- 
shire, on  the  frith  of  Forth,  9  m.  N.  by't.  Edin- 
burgh, 20i  S.  by  W.  Cupar.  Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat. 
56°  5'  N.     Pop.  1,212. 

King's,  CO.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  East  and 
West  Meath,  E.  by  Kildare  and  Queen's  county, 
S.  by  Tipperary,  and  W,  by  Galway,  from  whick 
it  is  separated  by  the  river  Shannon.  Extent,  707 
square  miles,  or  453,370 acres.  More  than  a  third 
part  of  the  whole  country  is  occupied  by  bog  and 
mountain.     Pop.  130,000. 

Kings,  CO.  New  Brunswick,  on  both  sides  of  the 
river  St.  John,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Charlotte 
CO.  S.  by  St.  John  co.  W.  by  the  counties  of  West- 
moreland and  Northumberland,  and  N.  by  a  line 
running  S.  E.  and  N-  W.  from  Spoon  island  in  St. 
John's  river. 

King's,  CO.  N.'Y.  comprises  the  W.  end  of  Long 
Island,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  Queens  co.  Pop, 
8,303.     Chief  town,  Flatbush. 

King's  Bams,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  6  m, 
S.  E.  St.  Andrew's. 

King's  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia.    Lon.  59°  10'  W.  Lat.  44°  32'  N. 

Kingsbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Dartmouth,  206  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  46'  W. 
Lat.  50°  17'  N.     Pop.  1,242. 

Kitigsbunfy   p-t.  Washington  co.  B?.  Y.  on  the 


K  I  N 


K  I  N 


373 


Hudson,  52  m.  above  Albany.  Pop.  2,272.  Sec 
Handijhill. 

Kingsclear,  t.  York  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  adjoining  Frederick- 
ton. 

Kingsdere,  t  Eng.  in  Southamptonshire,  17i 
m.  S.  W.  Reading,  55  W.  London.     Pop.  1,863. 

Kingsdown,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  S^m.  from  Deal. 

Kingsessing,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.      Pop.  903. 

Kingsey,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  river  St.  Francis,  35  m.  S.  by  E.  Three-Riv- 
ers. 

King'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

Kingsjidd,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Norridgewock. 

King's  Island,  isl.  in  the  W.  extremity  of  Bass' 
straits,  in  39°  36'  S.  lat.  and  143°  54'  E.  Ion.  48  m. 
from  the  main. 

King''s  Island,  isl.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, separated  from  the  continental  shore  of  New 
Albion,  by  Banke's  canal.  Lat.  51°  56'  to  52° 
26'  N. 

King''s  Kerswell.  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  4  m. 
from  Newton  Abbes. 

King's  Keys,  islets  in  the  Spanish  Main.  Lon. 
82°  35'  W.  Lat.  12°  42'  N. 

Kingsky,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester,  3  m.  S.  E.  Frods- 
ham. 

King's  Lynn.    See  Lynn  Regis. 

Kingsmill,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, the  S.  W.  point  of  Prince  Frederick's  sound. 
Lon.  225°  49'  E.  Lat.  56°  52'  N. 

King' s  Mountain,  mt.  in  the  W.  partofN.  C. 
25  m.  W.  Charlottenburg. 

King's  Korton,  parish  Eng.  in  Worcester,  4  ift. 
from  Birmingham.     Pop.  3,0G8. 

King's  Point,  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  Sumatra, 
15  m.  W.  Acheen.     Lon.  97°  27'  E.  Lat.  5°  30'  N. 

King's  River,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the 
Liffy,  1^  m.  S.  Blessington. 

Kingstanley,  parish,  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire, 
3  m.  from  Strond.     Pop.  1,722. 

Kingston,  parish,  Eng.  in  Somerset,  4  m.  from 
Taunton.     Pop.  847, 

Kingston,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  3  m.  S.  W, 
Modbury. 

Kingston,  t.  Eng,  in  Dorsetshire,  1  m.  from 
Corfe  Castle. 

Kingston,  s-p.  of  Jamaica,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island,on  a  bay  into  which  vessels  of  the  largest  bur- 
den may  anchor  in  safety.  It  was  founded  in  1693, 
after  the  destruction  of  Port  Royal  by  Hn  earth- 
quake in  the  preceding  year.  It  is  on  a  plain, 
which  rises,  with  a  gradual  ascent,  to  the  foot  of 
the  Liguanea  mountains,  a  distance  of  about  six 
miles.  10  m.  E.  Spanish  Town.  Lon.  76°  33'  W. 
Lat.  18°  N.  Pop.  33,000,  of  which  number  10,000 
are  whites,  18,000  slaves,  2,500  people  of  colour, 
and  2,500  negroes. 

Kingston,t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent's 
in  the'W.  Indies.     Lon.  81°  W.  Lat.  13°  6'  N. 

Kingston,  t.  Upper  C.anada,  the  largest  and 
most  populous  of  the  province.  It  is  advantageous- 
ly seated  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  government- 
house,  a  court-house,  a  Protestant  and  a  Catholic 
church,  a  market-house,  a  jail,  hospital,  and  about 
370  dwelling-houses.  For  the  last  20  years  the 
town  has  obtained  considerable  mercantile  impor- 
tance. It  is  now  the  main  entrepot  between  Mon- 
treal and  all  the  settlements  along  the  lakes  to  the 
westward.  From  the  commencement  of  spring 
until  the  latter  end  of  autumn,  great  activity  pre- 


vails. The  harbour  is  well  sheltered  and  conven- 
ient, accessible  to  ships  not  requiring  more  than 
three  fathoms  water,  with  good  anchorage  close  to 
the  N.  E.  extremity  of  the  town  :  the  entrance  t» 
it  is  defended  by  a  battery  on  Mississaga  Point, 
and  another  on  Point  Frederick,  which,  witn  the 
shoal  stretching  from  the  former,  with  only  five 
feet  of  water  upon  it,  are  quite  sufficient  for  its 
protection,  Kingston  possesses  one  of  the  best 
harbours  on  the  lake  ;  and  it  is  the  naval  arsenal 
of  Great  Britain  in  this  quarter,  where  ships  ol 
war,  even  of  the  first  rate,  have  been  constructed. 
190  m.  N.  W.  Montreal.  Lon.  76^^  40'  W.  Lat.  44* 
8'N. 

Kingston,  t.  and  cap.  Kings  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  Kennebecasis  bay. 

Kingston,  p-t.  Rockingham  ca  N.  H.  17  m.  S. 
W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  746. 

Kingston,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  22  m.  S;  W.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  324. 

Kingston,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  on  Plymouth 
bay,  4  m.  N.  W.  Plymouth,  32  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,137.     Here  are  iron  works. 

Kingston,  formerly  Esopiis,  p-L  and  cap.  Ulster 
CO.  N.  y.  on  the  Hudson,  65  m.  below  Albany,  100 
above  New- York.  Pop.  2,540.  The  village  of 
Kingston  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Esopus  creek, 
about  3  m.  from  the  Hudson,  and  contains  150 
dwelling-houses,  a  court-house  and  jail,  an  acade- 
my, a  church,  a  market-house,  a  bank,  and  2 
printing-offices. 

Kingston,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  3  m.  N.  E. 
Princeton,  15  S.  W.  Brunswick. 

Kingston,  p-t.  Luzern  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susquehan- 
nah,  opposite  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  832. 

Kingston,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Choptank,  4  m.  below  its  forks. 

Kingston,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

Kingston,  t.  Georgetown  district,  S.  C.  on  Wac- 
cama  river,  40  m.  N.  E.  Georgetown. 

Kingston,  p-t.  and  cap.  Roane  co.  Ten.  at  the 
confluence  of  Clinch  and  Holston  rivers,  60  m.  be- 
low Knoxville. 

Kingston,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Kingston,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E.  Chilli- 
cothe. 

Kingston  BImmt,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire,  4  m.  E, 
S.  E.  Tetsf  orth. 

Kingston  upon  Hull.     See  Hull. 

Kingston  upon  Thames,  t.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames.  Here  many  of  the  Sax- 
on kings  were  crowned.  10  m.  S.  W.  London 
Lon.  0°  18'  W.  Lat.  51°  24'  N.     Pop.  4, 144. 

Kingstree,  p-v.  Williamsborough  co.  S.  C. 

Kingsrille.     See  Joy. 

Kingsville,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie, 
8  m.  N.  E.  Jefferson. 

King  eSwinford,  parish,  Eng.  in  Staffordshire, 
where  are  considerable  manufactures  of  glass  and 
earthen  ware.  From  the  advantages  of  the  adja- 
cent canals  to  Dudley,  Stourbridge,  Wolverhamp- 
ton, and  Stafford,  which  open  a  communication 
with  the  principal  rivers  of  the  kingdom,  it  has  of 
late  become  a  place  of  great  opulence  and  trade- 
Pop.  8,267.     3  m.from  Stourbridge. 

Kingsuood Forest,  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  near 
Bristol.  It  comprises  5,000  acres,  and  is  full  of 
coal  mines. 

King-tcheou-fou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank, 
in  Houquang,  on  the  Yang-tse-kiang.  It  is  well 
fortified,  and  is  considered,  from  its  situation,  one 
of  the  keys  of  the  empire.  Lon.  Hl°  37'  E.  Lat 
30°28'N. 


374 


K  I  N 


K  I  R 


King-te-ching,  t.  China,  in  Kiangsee.  The  in- 
habitants are  entirely  devoted  to  the  manufacture 
of  porcelain.  It  is  on  a  river,  which  communicates 
with  the  Poyang  lake  at  Yan-choo-fou.  Lon.  1 15° 
56'  E.  Lat.  29°  25'  N.     Pop.  estimated  at  1,000,000. 

Kington,  or  Kineton,  t.  Eng.  in  Hereford,  on  the 
Arrow,  19  m.  N.  W.  Hereford.  Lon.  3°  W.  Lat. 
52°  13'  N.     Pop.  1,617. 

Kingtong-fou,  city  of  Yunnan,  in  China.  Lon. 
100°  39' E.  Lat.  24°  30' N. 

King  William,  co.  Va.  between  the  forks  of 
York  river.  Pop.  9,285.  Slaves,  5,785.  At  the 
court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Kingwilliarn  mills,  p-v.  King  William  co.  Va. 

King  JVilliam^s  Island,  small  isl.  in  Dampier's 
strait.    Lon.  130°  51'  E.  Lat.  0°  33.  N. 

Kingivood,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on  Delawsure 
river,  5  m.  below  Alexandria.     Pop.  2,605. 

Kingwood,  p-v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

King-yong-fou,  t.  China,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Shensee.  It  is  strongly  fortified  with  walls  and 
ditches.     Lon.  107°  20'  E.  Lat.  36°  6'  N. 

Kinhoa-fou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Tchekiank,  formerly  of  great  extent  and  beauty. 
The  Tartars  destroyed  a  great  part  of  the  city. 
Lon.  119°  16' E.  Lat.  29°  16'  N. 

'Kinikli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  43  m.  W.  Constantino- 
ple. 

Kinmenso,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Footchein, 
in  China,    Lon.  118°  20'  E.  Lat.  24°  30'  N. 

Kinnaird'' s-head,  (an.  Promontorium  Taixali- 
um,)  promontory,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland, 
which  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  the  Moray  frith. 
it  has  a  light-house. 

Kinnegad,  v.  Ireland,  in  Westmeath,  29  m.  from 
Dublin. 

KinnekuUe,  mt.  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland,  on 
the  banks  of  the  lake  of  Wenner. 

Kinnell,  r.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  which 
falls  into  the  Anmxn  at  Broomhill. 

Kinnickinnick,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Scioto,  7  m.  above  Chillicothe. 

Kinogam,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  from  Lake 
W^ickwato  the  river  Saguenay.  Lon.  71°  31'  W. 
Lat,  48°  34'  N. 

Kinross-shire,  county,  Scotland,  bounded  N.  and 
W.  by  Perth,  and  S.  and  E.  by  Fifeshire.  Extent, 
83  square  miles.     Pop.  in  18 1 1 ,  7,245. 

Kinross,  t.  Scotland,  and  cap.  of  Kinross-shire,  is 
finely  situated  at  the  W.  end  of  Loch  Leven.  It 
formerly  manufactured  linen  to  the  amount  of  be- 
tween 4,000/.  and  5,000/.  annually. ;  but  the  peo- 
ple are  now  mostly  employed  in  weaving  cotton 
goods  for  the  Glasgow  manufacturers.  15  m.  S. 
Perth,  23  E.  N.  E.  Stirling.     Pop.  2,124. 

Kinsale,  t.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  on  a  bay  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Bandon,  which  forms  a  fine 
harbour.  The  river  is  navigable  for  large  sloops 
near  12  miles  above  the  town,  though  a  bar  pre- 
vents large  men  of  war  coming  into  the  basin.  The 
harbor  ismost  compact  and  secure,  of  a  round  form, 
and  perfectly  land-locked  by  high  hills,  so  large  that 
the  English  and  Dutch  Smyrna  fleets  have  anchor- 
ed in  this  port,  Aboutfour  hundred  boats  are  em- 
ployed from  this  port  inthe  fisheries.  Pop.  10,000, 
136  m.  S,  W.  Dublin,  12  S.  Cork. 

Kinsale.  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va.  16  m.  from 
the  court-house. 

Kinsman,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Warren. 

Kinsomba,  t.  Benguela,  in  Africa,  23  m,  S,  E. 
New  Benguela, 

Kinstotii  p-t.  Lenoir  co.  N,  C. 


Kintam,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Tchekiang,  in  Chisaa. 
Lon.  121°  24'  E.  Lat.  30°  8'  N. 

Kintore,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire, on  the  Don. 

Kintyre,  or  Kuntyre,  the  southern  division  of 
Argyleshire,  in  Scotland.  It  is  a  peninsula  lying 
between  the  frith  of  Clyde  and  tlie  Atlantic  ocean, 
about  40  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.  and  6i  broad. 
Pop.  in  1811, 18,285. 

Kintyre,  Mull  of,  the  S.  point  of  the'peninsula  of 
Kintyre.  Lon.  5°  46'  W.  Lat.  55°  21'  N.  It  has 
a  light-house. 

Kinrei;  or  Kinfare,  parish,  Eng.  in  Stafford^ 
shire,  2  m.  from  Stourbridge.     Pop.  1,668. 

Kinure  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland, 
in  Cork  co.  4  m.  E.  Kinsale  harbour.  Lon.  8' 
25'  W.  Lat.  51°  41'  N. 

Kinsig,  one  of  the  ten  circles  into  which  Urn 
grand  duchy  of  Baden  was  divided  in  1810.  it 
lies  along  the  Kinzig.     Pop.  1 1 8,000. 

Kinzig,  r.  Baden,  which  falls  into  the  Rhine,  by 
two  mouths,  at  Kehl,  opposite  Str2isburg. 

Kioge,  or  Koge,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Zealand,  10  m.  S.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  12°  40'  E. 
Lat.  55°  31' N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Kiosiiendgi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  tke 
Black  sea,  100  m.  W.  by  N.  Silistria. 

Kiouktatoum,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Ava,  on  the 
Irrawuddy  river.     Lon.  95°  35'  E.  Lat.  21°  44'  N. 

Kippax,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6i  m,  W.  Ferry- 
bridge. 

Kippen,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  S.bank  of  the  Forth, 
lOi  m.  W.  Stirling. 

Kippenheim,  t.  Baden,  22  m.  N.  E.  Strasburg. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Kippure,  mountains,  Ireland,  10  m.  S.  Dub- 
lin. 

Kir,  Kirharesh,  or  Kirharesheth,  in  Sac.  Geog. 
a  city  of  the  Moabites.  Also,  a  place  in  Media, 
where  the  inhabitants  of  Damascus  were  carried. 

Kirby  in  Kendal.     See  Kendal. 

Kirby  Moor  side,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  22  m.  N. 
by  E.  York.  Lon.  1°  4'  W.  Lat.  54°  15'  N.  Pop. 
1,673. 

Kirby,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  33  m.  N.  E.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  311. 

Kirchberg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  oa  the  Jaxt,  28  m. 
W.  Anspach.     Pop.  900. 

Kirchberg,  i.  Lower  Austria^  on  tlie  Wecksel. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Kirchberg,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  41  m.  W.  Mentz. 

Circhberg,  t.  Saxony,  circle  of  the  Erzgcbirge, 
6  m.  S.  Zwickau.     Pop.  2,100. 

Kirchberg,  i.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Wagram. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Kirchberg,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Bielach,  1 1 
m.  S.  St.  Polten,  45  S.  W.  Vienna. 

Kirchborchen,  v,  Prussian  Westphalia,  5  m,  S. 
Paderborn. 

Kirchhayn,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Lower  Lusa- 
tia,  on  the  Bober.  Lon.  13°  35'  E.  Lat,  51°  36'  N, 
Pop.  3,500. 

.    Kirchheim,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Mindel,  29  m.  E. 
S.E.Ulm. 

Kirchheim,  or  Kirchen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  15  m. 
S.  E.  Stutgard.     Pop.  1,350. 

Kirchheim,  or  Kirchenunter  Teck,  t  Germany, 
in  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Lauter,  15  m,  S.  E.  Stut- 
gard.    Pop.  5,050. 

Kirchheim-Poland,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the 
Rhine.  Pop.  2,000.  28  m,  N.  W.  Mauheim.  Lon. 
7°  39'  E,  Lat.  49°  39'  N. 


K  I  R 


K  I  R 


375 


Kirchhqfen^  V.  Germany,  in  Baden^  7  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Freyburg;. 

Kirchlamitz,  t.  Bavarian  states,  8  m.  N.  Wun- 
piedel. 

Kircubbin,  v.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  on  Lough 
Straiigford,  86  m.  fr.  Dublin. 

Kirdorf^  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  42  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Cassel. 

Kirenga,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  which  falls 
into  the  Lena. 

Kirensk,  i.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  on  the  Lena, 
630  m.N.  of  Irkoutsk. 

Kirghises,  or  Kirguis,  a  numerous  and  widely 
extended  people  of  independent  Tartary,  occupy- 
ing the  immense  uncultivated  plains  or  steppes, 
which  extend  to  tlie  east  of  the  sea  of  Aral,  and 
from  the  Aral  to  the  Caspian,  along  the  southern 
frontier  of  Asiatic  Russia.  They  are  divided  into 
three  hordes,  called  the  Little,  the  Middle,  and 
the  Great  Horde.  The  Kirghises  of  the  Little 
Horde  occupy  the  most  westerly  position,  and 
wander  over  Uie  plains  to  the  S.  and  E.  of  the  Ou- 
ral,  and  between  the  Caspian  and  Aral.  They 
bring  their  flocks  in  summer  to  the  steppes  be- 
tween the  Oural  and  the  Volga.  The  Middle 
Horde  live  farther  to  the  east,  in  vast  plains,  to 
the  north  of  the  Aral.  These  two  hordes  subsist 
entirely  on  their  flocks.  The  Great  Horde  are 
established  farther  to  the  east  and  south,  beyond 
the  Aral,  on  the  banks  of  the  Sirr  or  Sihon  ;  and 
extend  southwards  to  the  frontiers  of  Bnkhai-a  and 
Cashgar,  The  Kirghises  of  the  Great  Horde  have 
few  relations  with  the  Russian  empire ;  and 
though  some  of  them  are  pasrtoral,  a  considerable 
proportion  cultivate  the  land,  and  inhabit  fertile, 
mild,  and  well  watered  countries.  The  Little 
and  Middle  Hordes  have  acknowledged  themselves 
subjects  of  the  Russian  empire.  The  Russian 
government,  however,  do  not  exact  from  them 
even  the  smallest  tribute  ;  on  the  contrary,  they 
pay  regular  pensions  to  all  the  principal  chiefs,  to 
prevent  them  from  plundering  on  the  Russian 
frontier.  The  Little  and  Middle  Hordes  are  said 
to  consist  each  of  about  30,000  tents  or  families. 
Their  property  consists  chiefly  of  horses,  sheep,  and 
goats,  with  a  few  camels.  Some  of  them  are  very 
rich  in  these  possessions. 

Kirilov,  t.jEu.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  79m.  N.  W. 
Vologda.   Pop.  2,200. 

Kirin  Oula,  country,  Chinese  Tartar)',  inclosed 
between  the  sea  of  Japan,  the  northern  frontier 
of  Corea,  and  the  river  Saghalien  Oula.  It  is 
700  miles  long,  and  200  broad.  The  climate  is 
yery  severe,  and  it  is  thinly  peopled.  The  capital 
is  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Songarie,  which  falls 
into  the  Saghalien.  Lon.  126°  24'  E.  Lat.  43° 
48'  N. 

Kir/athaim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  2  towns  of  Palestine, 
one  in  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  and  one  in  the  tribe  of 
Naphtali. 

Kirjatharim,  Kirjathjearim,  or  Kirjath-baal,  in 
Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe  of  Judah,  on 
the  W.  border  of  Benjamin. 

Kirkaldy,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire, 
on  the  frith  of  Forth.  The  harbour  has  about  14 
feet  water  at  its  entrance  in  spring  tides,  and  is 
safe  and  well  sheltered,  except  in  storms  from  the 
E.  or  N.  E.  Kirkaldy  has  now  (1819)  6,500  tons 
of  shipping.  There  are  several  mills  for  spinning 
flax  in  the  town  and  vicinitj'.  The  principal  man- 
ufactures are  bed  ticks,  checks,  and  sheetings  ;  the 
value  of  which  is  about  130,000/.  annually.  About 
16,000  tons  of  coal  are  aonually  wrought  ia  the 


immediate  neighbourhood.  13  m.  N.  Edinburgh. 
Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat.  56°  8'  N.  Pop.  in  1811, 
3,679. 

Kirkburton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  9  m.  fr.  Wake- 
field.    Pop.  1,693. 

Kirkby,  t.  Erig.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  fr.  Liver- 
pool.    Pop.  9  J  2. 

Kirkby  Island,  isl.  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land. Lon.  136°  10' E.  Lat.  34°  33'  S. 

Kirkby  Lonsdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  oh 
the  Lune,  12  ra.  S.  E.  Kendal,  250  N.  W.  Lon- 
don. Lon.  2°  36'  W.  Lat.  54°  12'  N.  Pop. 
1,368. 

Kirkby  Malzeard,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Rippon. 

Kirkby,  South,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  8  m.  S. 
Pontefract. 

Kirkby,  Stephen,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland  co. 
on  the  Eden.  The  inhabitants  are  employed  in 
the  vvodllen  manufacture,  and  that  of  knit  stock- 
ings. 23  m.  N.  E.  Kendal,  264  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2°  21'  W.  Lat.  54°  28'  N.  Pop.  1,235. 

Kirkby  Thorpe,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  4i  m. 
N.  W.  Appleby. 

Kirk-Clissa,  or  Kirk-Ekklesi,  or  Kirkleesan,  t. 
Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania.  The  inhabitants  sup- 
port themselves  chiefly  by  a  traffic  in  corn,  wine, 
butter,  and  cheese.  Part  of  them  are  Jews.  30 
m.  S.  Adrianople,  100  W.  Constantinople.  Pop. 
about  16,000. 

Kirkcudbright,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N,  E.  and 
E.  by  Dumfries-shire,  S.  by  Solway  frith  and  the 
Irish  sea,  W.  by  Wigtonshire,  and  N.  W.  by  Ayr- 
shire. This  county  is  exceedingly  diversified, 
both  in  its  soil  and  surface.  The  rearing  of  black 
cattle  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  farmers.  Pop. 
in  1801,  29,058  ;  in  1811,  33,684. 

Kirkcudbright,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap. 
of  Kirkcudbright  co.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
Dee,  six  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Sol- 
way  frith.  The  harbour  is  one  of  the  most  com- 
modious on  the  south  coast  of  Scotland.  It  is  safe, 
and  well  sheltered,  and  there  is  good  anchorage  at 
its  mouth.  28  m.  S.  W.  Dumfries.  Lon.  4°  43'  W. 
Lat.  54°  49'  N.    Pop.  2,760. 

Kirkdale,  parish,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4^  m.  N. 
E.  Helmesley. 

Kirkdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  N.  by  E. 
Liverpool. 

Kirkham,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  8  m.  W.  Pres- 
ton, 23  S.  Lancaster,  223  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2" 
51'  W.  Lat.  53°  46'  N.  Pop.  2,214. 

Kirkland,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  adjoining 
Kendal.     Pop.  1,245. 

Kirkleatham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Guisborough. 

Kirklistoun,  v.  Scotland,  8  m.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Kirkosu-ald,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  on  the  I". 
side  of  the  river  Eden.  8i  m.  N.  E.  Penrith,  292  N. 
W.  London.  Lon.  2°  41'  W.  Lat.  54°  45'  N. 

Kirk's  mills,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Kirks  tall,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  noted  for  the  re- 
mains of  an  abbey  of  Cistercian  monks. 

Kirkton  in  Lindsey,  in  Lincolnshire,  20  m.  ^^ 
Lincoln,  147  N.  by  VV.  London.  Lon.  0°  36'  V\'. 
Lat.  53°  29'  N.  Pop.  1,531. 

Kirkton  Point,  the  W.  point  at  the  entrance  in- 
to Port  Lincoln,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland. 

Kirkulcti,  or  Kirkhalet,  v.  Guriel,  in  Turkey, 
near  the  Black  sea,  20  m.  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Pha- 
sis  river. 

Kirkwall,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  chief 
town  of  the  .stewartry  of  Orkney,  in  the  isl.  of  Po 


37G 


K  I  S 


mona.  It  is  on  a  neck  of  land,  washed  oii  oae  side 
by  the  road  and  bay  of  Kirkwall,  and  on  the  other 
by  an  inlet  of  the  sea.  The  harbour  is  excellent, 
with  an  outer  road,  affording  safe  anchorage.  172 
m.  N.  Inverness.  Lon.  0°  25'  VV.  Lat.  38°  33'  N. 
Pop.  2,621. 

Kirkuood,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  W.  St. 
ClairsviUe.  Pop.  in  1819,  1,050. 

Kirk-Yetholm.     See  Yet/iolm. 

Kirlach^  v.  Germany,  7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Spire. 

Kimianska.     See  Kermanshaw. 

Kirn,  or  Kyrn,i.  Prussian  province  of  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  on  the  river  Nahe,  4  m.  S.  by  VV.  Cob- 
lentz.  Pop.  1,230. 

Kimbach,  t.  Baden,  21  m.  E.  by  N  Carlsruhe. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Kirpan,  i.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  50  m.  S. 
E.  Phihppopoh.  Pop.  1,300. 

Kirriemuir,  t.  Scotland,  in  Forfar  co.  The  sta- 
ple manufacture  of  the  place  is  coarse  linens.  IB 
m.  N.  Dundee,  5i  N.  W.  Forfar.  Pop.  about 
2,000. 

Kirooah.     See  Kowrowa. 

Kirsanov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  on  the  Vo- 
rona,  6  m.  S.  E.  Tambov.  Pop.  3,300. 

Kirshacs,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vladimir,  on  the 
Tirschan,  67  m.  W.  Vladimir. 

Kirshehr,  t.  Anatolia,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  sup- 
posed by  some  to  be  the  ancient  DioccEsarea,  84  m. 
N.  E.  Konieh. 

Kirihipore,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  85°  37'  E. 
Lat.  27°  30'  N. 

Kirtle,  r.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Solway  frith  at  Kirtlefoot. 

Kirwani,  t.  VV.  Africa,  in  Dentila,  20  m.  W. 
Baniserile. 

Kirweiler,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  18 
m.  S.  Lauterburg.  Pop.  1,100. 

Kisch-ber,  v.  Hungary,  22  m.  S.  E.  Raab. 

Kischenau,  t.  Russian  Moldavia,  on  the  Dnies- 
ter. Lon.  29°  25'  E.  Lat.  46°  40'  N. 

Kischher,  v.  Hungary,  in  Jazyga,  14  m.  E.  Jasz- 
Bereny. 

Kischkmco,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  19  m.  N.  VV. 
Posen. 

Kish,  sand-bank  in  the  Irish  sea,  six  miles  long, 
and  hardly  one  wide,  7  m.  from  the  coast  of  Dub- 
lin CO.  Lou.  5°  54' VV.  Lat.  53°  15'  N. 

Kislicorran  Mountains,  mts.  Ireland,  in  the  S. 
part  of  Sligo  and  Connaught  counties. 

Kishennagur,  t.  Bengal,  on  Jellinghy  river. 
Lon.  88°  35'  E.  Lat.  23°  26'  N. 

Kishennasur,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75°  I'E. 
Lat.  26°  32'  x\. 

Kishengrmga,  r.  Hind,  which  falls  into  the  Jhy- 
!um,  on  the  N.  VV.  frontier  of  Lahore. 

Kishiak,  t.  Persia,  146  m.  VV.  Shiras. 

Kishtne,  called  also  Jeziru  Derauz,  (Long  Isl- 
and) the  largest  island  in  the  Persian  gulf,  10  m. 
fi'.  Ormus.  It  is  60  miles  long,  and  12  broad.  It 
is  at  present  under  the  rule  of  an  Arab  chief.  Lon. 
56°  50'  E.  Lat.  26°  57'  30"  N. 

Kishon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  brook,  whicli  rises  in 
Mount  Tabor,  and  flows  into  the  Mediterranean 
jit  Accho. 

Kishtac,  island  in  the  Pacific,  about  100  miles 
long,  and  from  30  to  50  broad.  Lon.  152°  30'  to 
i34°  30'  VV.  Lat.  57°  to  58°  40'  N. 

Kishtac,  isl.  on  the  jV.  W.  coast  of  America,  E. 
of  Foggy  Cape,  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  the  peninsula 
6:' Alaska,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  Cook's  river. 

Kishtei'.ar,  district,  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between 


K  I  U 

33<*  and  34°  N.  lat    Kishtewavy  the  capita!,  is  ia 
lon.  75°  20'  E.  lat.  34°  7  N. 

Kisia,  r.  Asia,  in  Georgia,  which  falls  into  the 
Kur. 

Kiskemanetas.     See  Conemaugh. 

Kis-Maria,  t.  Hungary,  20  m.  S.  by  E.  De- 
breczin. 

Kissee.     See  Kissey. 

Kisseen,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia.  Lon.  51° 
50' E.  Lat.  15°  19'N. 

Kisser,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  off  the  N.  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Timor.  Lon.  127°  5'  E.  Lat.  8°  5'  S. 

Kissey,  a  town  of  liberated  negroes  in  the  Pa- 
rish ol  St.  Patrick,  in  the  colony  of  Sierra  Leone. 
The  Church  Missionary  Society  have  a  missionary 
bene.    Pop.  869. 

Kissing,  v.  Bavaria,  6  m.  S.  E.  Augsburg. 

Kissingen,  t.  Bavarian  state?,  32  m.  N.  Wurz- 
burg.  Lon.  10°  17' E.  Lat.  50°  14'  N.  Pop.  1,000. 

Kistna,  or  Krishna,  a  celebrated  river  of  the 
south  of  India,  which  rises  near  the  fortress  of  Sat- 
tarah,  only  50  miles  from  the  western  coast,  and 
pours  its  waters,  by  various  mouths,  into  the  bay 
of  Bengal,  a  little  S.  of  Masulipatam.  Its  length  is 
650  miles,  but  owing  to  the  accumulation  of  sand 
at  its  mouths,  it  is  not  navigable  by  ships. 

Kistnaghurry,  t.  and  fortress,  Hind,  in  Mysore. 
Lon.  78°  23'  E.  Lat.  12°  32*  N.  66  m.  VV.  S.  W. 
Arcot,  90  E.  Seringapatam. 

Kistnapatan,  t.  India,  on  the  coast  of  the  Car- 
natic.  Lon.  80°  16'  E.  Lat.  14°  19']Sf. 

Kisty,  t.  Afghanistan,  on  the  VV.  side  of  the  In- 
dus. Lon.  70°  3' E.  Lat.  29°  18' N. 

Kite^s  mills,  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

Kitley,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Kitnaise,  v.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Nile,  20  m.  S.  Faoua. 

Kitriai,  or  Dolous,  t.  Greece,  in  Messenia,  oc- 
cupying the  site  of  the  ancient  Pharae. 

Kitsee,  or  Koptseng,  t.  Hungary,  in  Weisenburg, 
8  m.  S.  VV.  Presburg.   Pop.  1,900. 

Kiltaning,  p-t.  and  cap.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  oi  the  Alleghany,  33  m.  N.  E.  Pittsburg. 
Pop.  1,506. 

Kittatinny  Mountains,  a  ridge  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  which  runs  through  the  N.  parts  of 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 

Kittery,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Piscataqua,  opposite  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  5  m. 
S.  VV.  York.     Pop.  2,019. 

Kiifoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  Lon.  75°  10'  E, 
Lat.  16°  46'  N. 

Kitzbichl,  or  Kitzbuhl,  i.  Austrian  dominions,  in 
Tyrol,  36  m.  E.  Inspruck. 

Kitzingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Maine,  10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Wuraburg,  34  N.  N.  W. 
Anspach,  Lon.  10°  12'  E.  Lat.  49°  42'  N.  Pop. 
3,600. 

Kiveloor,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic,  8  m.  VV.  Ne- 
gapatam. 

Kiun-cheu-fou,  city,  China,  and  cap.  of  the  isl- 
and of  Hainan.  It  is  on  the  N.  coast,  and  has  a 
port  much  frequented  by  Chinese  vessels.  The 
trade  of  this  place  is  very  considerable. 

Kiiisju.     See  Ximo. 

Kiulaiah,  city,  cap.  of  Anatolia,  in  Asia  Minor, 
on  tlie  site  of  the  ancient  Cotyo'um.  Though  not 
so  populous  as  formerly,  it  is  said  still  to  contain 
betAveen  50,000  and  60,000  inhabitants,  of  which 
number  10,000  are  Armenian,  and  5,000  Greeks. 
There  are  30  public  baths,  50  mosques,  4  Arme- 
nian, and  1  Greek  church,  and  20  caravausera? 
Lon.  29°  52'  E.  Lat.  39°  25'  N. 


K  N  A 

Kiu-icheou-/ou,  t.  China,  in  Tchekiang.  Lon. 
118°  39'  E.  Lat.  29°  2'  N. 

Kizilermak^  r.  Asia  Minor,  (an.  Halys,)  which 
rises  near  Kaisarieh,  and  falls  into  the  Black  sea, 
about  40  m.  S.  of  Samsoon,  in  lon.  36°  10'  E.  and 
lat.  41°  30'  N,  It  is  the  finest  river  in  Asia 
Minor. 

Kizilosetiy  r.  Persia,  which  falls  into  the  Caspi- 
an sea  near  Reshd. 

Kieilskaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Orenburg,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Kezil  and  the  Oural. 

Kizlar^  or  Kisliar,  t.  in  the  government  of  Cau- 
casus, in  A.  Russia,  on  the  Terek,  near  its  entrance 
into  the  Caspian.  Its  trade  is  considerable,  being 
a  sort  of  entrepot  for  the  commerce  of  Astracan 
with  Persia  and  the  interior  of  Caucasus.  Lon. 
46°  29'  E.  Lat.  43°  51'  N. 

Kladora,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  Danube,  40  m. 
N.  W.  Widdin. 

Klan,  t.  Austrian  Illyria,  in  Carniola,  30  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Trieste. 

KlcUtau,  circle  in  the  south  of  Bohemia.  Area, 
870  sq.  miles.     Pop.  140,000. 

Klaltate,  or  Klatiowi/,  t.  Bohemia,  and  cap.  of  a 
circle,  63  m.  S.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  13°  15'  E.  Lat. 
49°24'N.  Pop.  4,000. 

Kltck,  t.  Russiari  Lithuaiiia,  in  Minsk.  24  m.  W. 
N.  VV.  Sluck. 

Kkcko^  t.  Prussian  Poland,  12  m.  VV.  N.  W. 
Gnesua. 

KleczewOf  t.  Poland,  42  m.  N.  Kalisch.  Pop. 
1,250. 

Kleeburgy  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine,  in 
Deux  Ponts,  G  m.  S.  Wetzlar.  Pop.  850. 

Klein  Gemund,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Neckar,  oppo- 
site Gemund. 

Kltppen,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  .i2°  10'  S. 

Klesczel,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Bialystock,  12  m.  E. 
by  S.  Bieisk.    Pop.  1, 100. 

Klimo'iUow,  t.  Poland,  13  m.  W.  by  S.  Sendo- 
mir. 

Klin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  56  m.  N.  by  W.  Moscow. 
Lon.  36°  48'  E.  Lat.  56°  20'  N.     Pop.  1,100. 

Klingenthal,  v.  Saxony,  in  Vogtland,  12  m.  E. 
Oelsmtz.     Pop.  1,000. 

Kliss^ura,  strong  place,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania, 
58  m.  N.  by  W.  Joannma.  Pop.  1,800. 

Klobauk,  t.  Moravia,  20  m.  E.  Hradisch.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Klobucko,  t  Poland,  72  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cracow. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Kloetze,  L  Prussian  Saxony,  48  m.  E.  Zelle,  39 
N.  by  W.  Magdeburg.  Pop.  1,550. 

Kloppenburg,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Soste,  60  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Munster.    Lou.  7°  59'  E.    Lat.  62°  50'  N. 

Kloslerle,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Egra,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Carlsbad.  Pop.  1,000. 

Klosler-JVeuburg,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  right 
side  of  the  Danube,  6  m.  N.  of  Vienna.  It  takes 
its  name  from  a  monastery  of  the  order  of  St.  Au- 
gustine, founded  in  1 1 14.  Here  is  the  dock-yard 
for  the  construction  of  light  armed  vessels,  for  pro- 
tecting the  navigation  of  the  Danube ;  also  a  large 
manufacture  of  arms  for  account  of  government. 
Lon.  16°  17  E.  Lat.  48°  19'  N.  Pop.  3,300. 

Kioten,  t.  Switzerland,  5  m.  N.  by  E.  Zurich. 

Klundert,  t  Netherlands,  ;n  North  Brabant,  5 
m.  E.  N.  E.  VViUiamstadt.  Lon.  4*  23'  E.  Lat.  51° 
39'  N.  Pop.  700. 

Knap  s  Bay,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  94°  54'  W. 
Lat.  61°  1.5'  N. 

Knappsbvrs:.  p-r,  m  Oxford^  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

48 


K  N  0 


37lf 


KnaresboTOUgh,  or  Gnaresborough,  t.  Eng.  in 
Yorkshire,  on  the  Nid.  The  inhabitants  are  prin- 
cipally employed  in  the  manufacture  of  linen.  18 
m.  W.  York.  Lon.  1°  29'  W.  Lat.  54°  1'  N.  Pop. 
4,234. 

Kniaginin,  t.  E.  Russia,  40  m.  E.  N.  E.  Nizney- 
Novgorod.  Pop.  1,050. 

Knidingen,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Knife  river,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  joins 
the  river  Missouri  on  the  S.  at  the  Mandau  vil- 
lages. 

Knighton,  t.  South  Wales,  in  Radnor,  on  the 
river  Teme,  10  m.  N.  E.  New  Radnor.  Lon.  3°  2' 
W.  Lat.  52°  14'  N.  Pop.  952. 

Knighton  upon  Teame,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Worces- 
ter, 3  m.  fr.  Tenbury. 

Knight''s  Canal,  inlet,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.   Lat.  50°  45' N. 

Knighfs  Island,  isl.  in  Bebriog's  bay,  separated 
from  the  continent  of  America  by  a  narrow  chan* 
nel.  Lon.  220°  47'  E.  Lat.  59°  45'  N. 

Knighfs  fslatid,  isl.  in  Prince  William's  sound. 
Lon.  212°  52'  E.  Lat.  60°  24'  N. 

Knight's  Island,  small  isl.  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon. 
93°  30'  W.  Lat.  61°  50'  N. 

Knight'' s  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  th* 
largest  of  those  called  the  Snares  by  captain  Van- 
couver. The  south  point  is  in  lon.  166°  44'  E.  lat. 
48°  15'  S. 

Knin,  t.  Austrian  Dalmatia,  40  m.  E.  Zara. 

Klin,  t.  Bohemia,  21  ra.  S.  Prague. 

Kniphausen,  s-p.  Germany,  in  tlie  grand  duchy 
of  Oldenburg,  on  the  Jade,  39  m.  E.  Embden.  Lon. 
8°E.  Lat.  53°  33' N. 

KnisteneaiAV,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  who  chiefly  re- 
side in  the  British  possessions,  N.  of  lake  Superi- 
or, although  some  bands  reside  on  streams  running 
into  Red  river.  They  are  of  a  moderate  stature, 
well  proportioned,  and  of  great  activity.  Their 
complexion  is  of  a  copper  colour,  and  their  hair 
black.  Their  eyes  are  black,  keen,  and  penetra- 
ting, and  their  countenances  open  and  agreeable. 

Kniszin,  t.  Poland,  36  m.  N.  Bieisk.  Pop.  1,700. 

Knittelfeld,  t.  Austria,  in  Upper  Styria,  on  the 
Muhr,  98  m.  S.  W.  Vienna.  Pop.  1,100. 

Knittlingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  20  m.  W.  Heil- 
bronn.  Pop.  2,100. 

Knock,  hill,  Scotland,  in  Banff,  a  landmark  in 
navigating  the  Murray  frith. 

Knock  Head,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland,  3 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Banff-. 

Knocknarea,  cape,  Ireland,  in  Sligo  bay,  6  m. 
W.  Sligo. 

Knocktopher,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny,  63  m.  fr. 
Dublin. 

KnoVs  Island,  p- v.  Currituck  co.  N.  C. 

Knottinglay,  t  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Aire, 
1  m.  S.  E.  Ferry  Bridge.     Pop.  3,327. 

KnowUon,  t.  Sussex  qo.  N.  J.  Pop.  2,064. 

KnowJfon  mills,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Knox,  isl.  one  of  Ingraham's  islands  in  tlie  Pa- 
cific. Lon.  141°  W.  Lat.  8°  3'  S. 

Knox,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
tine. 

Knox,  CO.  East  Tennessee,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Clinch  river,  and  intersected  by  the  Holston.  Pop. 
10,171.  Slaves,  1,271.     Chief  town,  Knoxville. 

Knox,  CO.  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky.  Pop, 
5,875.     Slaves,  1,271.  Chibf  town,  Barboursville, 

Knox,  CO.  in  the  cenlral  part  of  Oliio.  Pop. 
2,149.  Chief  town,  Mount  Vernon. 

Knox,  t.  Cttlumbiaoa  co.  Ohio.    ?op.  481. 


378 


K  O  K 


K  O  N 


Knox,  I.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  Oiiio  river,  1-2 
m.  above  Steubenville. 

Knox,  CO.  Indiana,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1815,  6,800.     Chief  tovra,  Vincennes. 

Knoxville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Knox  co.  Tennessee,  on 
the  N.  bcink  of  the  Holston,  22  miles  above  its 
junction  with  the  Tennessee,  and  4  belov/  the 
mouth  of  French  Broad  river,  200  E.  of  Nashville, 
190  S.  of  Lexington,  (Ky.)  Lon.  84°  W.  Lat.  35° 
80'  N.  Pop.  in  1818^  estimated  at  more  than  2,000. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  bank,  a  respectable  academy,  3  houses 
of  public  worship,  and  barracks  large  enough  to 
accommodate  300  men.  A  college  was  establish- 
ed in  this  town  several  years  since,  but  has  not 
yet  gone  into  operation.  It  is  entitled  to  the  bene- 
fit of  a  donation  froin  Congress,  which,  it  is  expect- 
ed, will  yield  a  capital  of  50,000  dollars. 

Knoxville,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  W.  Ohio 
riverj  lU  N.  Steubenville.     Pop.  in  1819,  120. 

Knoyle,  East,  or  Bishop'' s  Knoyle,  t.  Eng.  in 
Wiltshire,  3  m.  S.  W.  Hindon.  Fop.  905. 

Kmdsford,  or  Canutsford,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire, 
25  m.  E.  by  N.  Chester,  176  N.  W,  London.  Lon. 
2°  22^  W.  Lat.53°  18'  N.     Pop.  2,114. 

Knyno,  r.  Wales,  in  Pembrokeshire,  which 
falls  into  the  Tivy,  5  m.  below  Cardigan. 

Koameroo,  Cape,  the  S.  E.  point  at  the  entrance 
of  Queen  Charlotte's  sound,  New  Zealand.  Lon. 
176°  30' E.  Lat.  41°34'N. 

Kobielin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  50  m.  S.  Posen. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Kocher,  r.  Wirtemberg,  which  falls  into  the 
Necker  at  Kochendorf,  between  Heilbronn  and 
Wimpfen. 

Kock,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Wieprz,  31  m.  N.  Lub- 
lin. Pop.  900. 

Kockelburg,  t.  Transylvania,  on  the  Kockel, 
which  falls  into  the  Marosch  32  m.  N.  Hermann- 
stadt. 

Koden,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Bog,  23  m.  E.  by  S. 
Bialo. 

Kodgia-Hisar,  t.  Diarbekir,  in  A.  Turkey,  10 
m.  S.  Merdin. 

Kodgia-shehr,  v.  Anatolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  12  m. 
N.  Kiutaiah, 

Kodiak,  an  extensive  group  of  islands  on  the  W, 
coast  of  N.  America,  about  50  m.  from  the  entrance 
into  Cook's  inlet,  extending  about  130  miles  from 
S.W.toN.  E.  Lon.  206°  12' to  208^  45' E.  Lat. 
56°  45'  to  58°  28'  N. 

Koei-tchoo,  province,  China,  near  the  S.  W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  empire,  bordering  on  Yunnan. 

Koei-tchoo-fmi,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Setchuen,  on  the  Yang-tse-kiang.  Lon.  109°  50'  E. 
Lat.  31°  9'  36"  N. 

Koei-yang-fou,  city,  China,  cap.  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Koei-tchoo.  Lon.  108^  30'E.  Lat.  27°  40'  N. 

Koenigs-see,  t.  Germany,  in  Schwartzburg-Ru 
dolstadt.   Pop.  2,000. 

Koetzing,  t.  Bavaria,  33  m.  E.  by  N.  Ratisbon. 
Pop.  900. 

Kogetein,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Blata,  34  m.  S.  by 
E.Brunn.  Pop.  3,050. 

Kogong,  V.  W.  Africa,  in  Sierra  Leone.  Lon. 
12°  12'  E.  Lat.  10°  45'  N. 

Kohkelan,  district.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  between 
33°  and  34°  N.  lat.  on  the  river  Jhylum. 

Kojend.     See  Khojund. 

Koko,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic  in 
the  bay  of  Iguape. 

Koko,  rocky  shoal  in  the  Eastern  sea?.  Lon.  124° 
SO'  E.  Lat.  6'^  2-1'  S. 


Kokoroo,  or  Balee,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  rises  in 
Handing,  not  far  from  the  Niger,  and  falls  into 
the  Senegal  80  m.  E.  Gallam. 

Kola,  or  Kolkoe  Osirog,  s-p.  Russian  Lapland,  in 
Archangel,  540  m.  N.  Petersburg.  Lon.  32°  30' 
E.  Lat.  68°  22'  N. 

Kolar,  t.  Bursal um,  W.  Africa,  near  the  coast, 
Lat.  13°  50'  N. 

Kolasin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tver,  on  the  Wolga, 
80  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tver.  Pop.  3,500. 

Kolkokro,  large  lake,  Kamtschatka,  which 
abounds  in  sea  calves. 

Kolleda,  or  Koln,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Lossa,  19  m.  N.  by  E.  Erfurt.  Pop.  1,700. 

Kolluvi,  tribe  of  the  African  people  called  Tu- 
arick,  between  Fezzan  and  Asben. 

Kolno,  t.  Poland,  87  m.  N.  N.  E.  Warsaw.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Kolocsa,  t.  Hungary,  68  m.  S.  Pest,  near  the 
Danube.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  Lon.  19°  O' 
15'  E.  Lat.  46°  32'  N.    Pop.  4,000. 

Kolokythia,  s-p.  Greece,  (an.  Gythium,)  in  the 
Morea,  25  m.  S.  E.  Misitra.  Lon.  22°  34' E.  Lat. 
36°  47'  N. 

Kolomna,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Moscow,  on  the  Oka, 
near  the  influx  of  the  Moskwa  into  that  river.  65 
m.  S.  E.  Moscow.  Pop.  5,800. 

Kolomyia,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
Pruth.  Pop.  2,000. 

Kolor,  t.  Woolly,  W.  Africa,  near  the  Gambia. 

Kolpakouskoi,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Oufa,  on  the 
Oural,  124  m.  E.  Orenburg. 

Kolyma,  or  Kovyma,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls 
into  the  Frozen  ocean,  in  lon.  152°  24'  E.  Lat.  71° 
25' N. 

Kolyvan,  a  district  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Tomsk,  on  the  upper  part  of  the  Obi. 
It  is  chiefly  distinguished  for  the  extensive  copper 
mines  situated  within  its  limits,  containing  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  silver,  and  a  small  quanti- 
ty of  gold.  The  town  of  Kolyvan  is  on  the  Berda, 
near  its  junction  with  the  Obi.  Lon.  81°  50'  E. 
Lat.  54°  48'  N. 

Kolzum,  t.  Egypt,  near  the  head  of  the  Red  sea,, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Suez. 

Kom.     See  Koom. 

Komango,  or  Amango,  one  of  the  Friendly  isles. 
5  m.  E.  Annamooka. 

Komarno,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  24  m . 
S.  W.  Lemberg.  Pop.  2,350. 

Kombah,  country,  Central  Africa,  about  200  m. 
S.  of  the  Niger. 

Komm,  t.  Bohemia,  16  m.  N.  N.  W.  Saatz. 

Kommotau,  t.  Bohemia,  38  m.  S.  Dresden.  Loa- 
13°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  26'  N.  Pop.  3,000. 

Komol,  cape,  Nubia,  on  the  coast  of  the  Rect 
sea.  Lon.  35°  15'  E.  Lat.  22°  45'  N. 

Komri  Gebel.     See  Kumri. 

Kmiapour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74°  32' 
E.  Lat.  15°  34'  N. 

Kong,  a  kingdom  of  Central  Africa,  to  the  S.  of 
the  Niger.  According  to  Mr.  Bowditch's  map,  it 
is  nearly  midway  between  Ashantee  and  Bam- 
barra. 

Kong-chang-fott,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank, 
in  the  province  of  Shensee,  near  the  W.  frontier. 
Lon.  104°  19'  E,  Lat.  34°  66'  N. 

Kongelf,  or  J4'o7ig's/ia/a,t.  Sweden,  in  Bahus,  18 
m.  N.  Gottenburg.  Pop.  900. 

Kongsbacha,  t.  Sweden,  13m.  S.  Gottenburg. 

Kongsberg,  t.  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  on  both 
sides  of  the  Lowe,  36  m.  W.  Christiania.  Lon,  9° 
45'  E.  Lat,  59°  ST'  N.  Pop.  6,800. 


K  O  N 

K'onguelienne,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Igiguinsk,  which 
>alls  into  the  sea  of  Okhotzk. 

Koniecpol,  t.  Poland,  60  m.  N.  Cracow.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Konieh,  or  Cogni,  (an.  Iconium,)  city,  Carama- 
nia,  in  Asia  Minor.  Lon.  32°  4'  E.  Lat.  37° 
52' N. 

Konjeur,  district,  Hind,  in  Orissa,  between  21° 
and  22°  N.  lat.  Konjeur,  the  capital,  is  in  lon, 
85°  45'  E.  lat.  21°  34'  N. 

Konigingratz,  one  of  the  sixteen  circles  into 
which  Bohemia  is  divided.  It  is  contiguous  to  Si- 
lesia and  Moravia.  Extent,  1,300  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
263,000. 

Konigingratz-,  or  Koniggrals,  t.  Bohemia,  on 
ihe  Elbe,  cap.  of  the  preceding  circle,  and  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  139  m.  N.  Vienna,  64  E.  by  N. 
Prague.  Lon.  15°  39'  E.  Lat.  50°  10'  N.  Pop. 
5,700. 

Konigsberg,  city,  and  cap.  of  E.  Prussia,  on  the 
Pregel,  4  m.  from  its  mouth.  The  principal  pub- 
lic buildings  are  the  town-house,  an  anatomical 
theatre,  an  hospital,  an  orphan-house,  and  the 
royal  palace.  Konigsberg  was  one  of  the  Hanse 
towns.  Its  exports  consist  of  wheat,  rye,  hemp, 
flax,  and  lintseed ;  also  tallow,  wax,  and  oil.  The 
chief  imports  from  England  are  colonial  produce, 
hardware,  printed  cottons,  and  India  piece  goods; 
also  coals.  A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on 
with  Holland.  The  chief  manufactures  are 
woollens,  leather,  and  gloves.     It  has  a  university. 


K  O  P 


379 


Konigswalde,  v.  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirge,  near 
Grunhayn.     Pop.  1,350. 

Konigsivart,  t.  Bohemia,  14  m.  E.  S.  E.  Egra. 

Konigswusterhausen,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Suhne.     Pop.  2,100. 

Konin,  t.  Poland,  80  m.  S.  Culm.     Pop.  1,300. 

Konilz,  t.  Germany,  in  Moravia,  15  m.  W.  Ol- 
mutz.     Pop.  950. 

Konkodoo,  country,  W.  Africa,  situated  between 
the  upper  part  of  the  Faleme  and  Senegal,  bor- 
dering on  Jallonkadoo,  Satadoo,  and  Dentila. 

Konnem,  or  Connern,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  Saale,  34»m.  N.  W.  Leipsic.     Pop.  1,800. 

Konoljingen,  v.  Switz.  7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bern. 

Konolop,  t.  Russia,  in  Czernigov.  Lon,  37°  84' 
E.  Lat,  51°  5' N. 

Konsan,  t,  W.  Africa,  in  Foota  Jallo,  120  m.  W. 
Kakundy. 

Konskie,  t.  Poland,  38  m.  W.  S.  W.  Radom, 
Pop,  1,000, 

Konstantinograd,  t,  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Orel,  49 
m.  E,  by  S.  Poltava.    Pop.  1,200. 

Kooch,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  79°  35'  E.  Lat. 
26°  N. 

Koog,  V.  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  6  m. 
N.  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1,700. 

Koojar,  t.  W.  Africa,  in  Woolly,  54  m.  E.  Me- 
dina. 

Rookies,  Race  of.     See  Chittagong. 

Koolikorro,  t.  VV.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on  the 
Niger,  130  m.  S.  W.  Sego. 


founded  in  1544,  with  18  professors,  and  about         X'oom,  city,  Persia,  formerly  one  of  the  first  cit- 
300  students.     The  majority  of  the  inhabitant^  ies  of  Persia,  and  long  celebrated  for  its  silk  man- 

""  ""  ~  ufacture.  It  was  completely  destroyed  in  1722, 
by  the  Afghans.  Part  has  since  been  rebuilt. 
Lon.  50°  29'  E.  Lat.  34°  45'  N. 

Kooma,  t.  Persia,  12  m.  S.  Ispahan. 

Koondah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,     Lon.  S4P  47'  E. 


are  Germans  and  Lutherans.  76  m.  E.  N.  E, 
Dantzic,  70  S.  by  W,  Memel.  Lon.  20°  29'  E. 
Lat.  54°  42'  N.  Pop.  55,000,  of  whom  8,000  are 
Jews. 

Konigsberg  in  Franconia,  t.  14  m.  N.  W.  Bam- 
berg. 

Konigsberg,  t.  Bohemia,  ou  the  Elbe,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Egra.     Pop.  2,600. 

Konigsberg,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Rorike,  59  m.  N. 
E.  Berlin.   'Pop.  3,250. 

Konigsberg,  t.  Silesia.  Lon.  18°  10' E.  Lat. 
49°  40'  N.    Pop.  900. 

Konigsberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Upper  Hesse,  46  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Mentz.     Lon.  8°  35'  E.     Lat.  50°  38'  N. 

Konigsbruck,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  on 
the  Pulsnitz.     Pop.  1,050. 

Konigseck,  t.  Bohemia,  10  m,  E,  S,  E.  Neuhaus. 

Konigshain,  v.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  3  m. 
N,  E.  Hirschfeld.     Pop.  1,200. 

Konigshayn,  v.  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  3  m.  E. 
Glatz.     Pop,  900, 

Konigshof,  t,  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  14  m,  N, 
Konigingratz,     Pop,  2,900, 

Konigshofen  im  Grabfelde,  t,  Franconia,  on  the 
Saale,  30  m.  N.  W.  Bamberg,     Pop.  1,400, 

Konigshofen,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Tauber,  74  m.  S. 
E.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,350. 

Konigshofen,  v.  Prussian  Westphalia,  17  m.  S. 
W.  Dusseldorf.     Pop,  1,000, 

Konigslutter,  t,  Germany,  in  Brunswick,  on  the 
Lutter,  17  m,  E.  Brunswick.     Pop.  1,600. 

Konigs-sladt,  t,  Bohemia,  5  m.  S.  W.  Konigin- 
gratz.    Pop.  1,300. 

Konigstein,  t,  Germany,  in  Nassau,  16  m.  N,  E, 
Mentz.     Lon.  8°  24'  E,  Lat.  50°  12'  N,    Pop,  800. 

Konigstein,  t.  Saxony,  16  m.  S.  E.  Dresden. 
Pop.  1,050. 

Konigswald,  t.  Prussia,  in  New  Mark  of  Bran- 
-^fiBburg,  22  m.  E,  Kustrin.    Pop.  1,050. 

f 


Lat.  24°  11' N. 

Koongul,  fort,  India,  in  Mysore,  54  m.  E.  Serin- 
gapatam.  , 

Kooniakary,  t.  Woolly,  W,  Africa,  48  ra.  E.  N. 
E.  Medina. 

Kooniakary,  t.  W.  Africa,  cap.  of  Kasson.  Lon. 
80  58'W.  Lat.  14°  36' N. 

Koonzelghur,  fort.  Hind,  in  Bejapore. 

Koorbah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  83°  8'  E. 
Lat  22°  25'  N. 

Koookarany,  t.  Bondou,  W.Africa,  50  m.  W. 
Fatteconda. 

Koorlepulfoo,  district,  Ceylon,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  island,  in  about  8°  N.  lat. 

Kooro,  t.  Africa,  in  Foota  Jallo,  Lon,  10°  20' 
W,  Lat.  10°  8'  N. 

Koorwey,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  Lon.  78°  17'  E. 
Lat.  24°  11' N. 

Koosee.     See  Coosa. 

Kooshaub,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon,  71°  5'E. 
Lat.  31°  45' N, 

Kooshkyserd,  an  extensive  plain  of  Irak,  in 
Persia, 

Kooskooskee,  r,  Columbia-River  country,  which 
rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  joins  Lewis 
river,  between  lon,  117°  and  118°  W.  and  be- 
tween lat.  46°  and  47°  N. 

Koospagunick,  r,  Canada,  which  runs  into  St. 
John's  lake.   .Lon.  72°  9'  W.  Lat,  48°  20'  N. 

Kootahe,  or  Cocoa  Island,  isl,  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific ocean.     Lon.  173°  48'  W.  Lat.  15°  55'  S. 

Kopaul,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  76°  6'  E. 
Lat.  15°  28'  N. 

Kopiel,  or  Kopyl,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  cm  the 


390 


K  O  S 


left  bank  of  the  Cuban.     Before  the  Russian  coli« 

2uest,  it  was  the  residence  of  the  Seraskier  of  the 
;uban.    Lon.  37°  32'  E.  Lat.  45°  10'  N. 

KapiTtg,  t.  Sweden,  18  m.  W.  by  N.  Westeraas, 
fop.  1,250. 

Koprainitz,  t.  Croatia,  76  m.  N.  E.  Carlstadt. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Kopyl,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  in  Minsk,  16  m. 
tJ.  W.  Slutzk.     Pop.  1,000. 

Kopys,  t  Russia,  on  the  Dnieper,  30  m.  N.  Mo- 
hilev.  Lon.  30°  5'  E.  Lat.  54°  15'  N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Korassan,  province  of  Persia,  having  Irak  and 
Mazanderan  to  the  W.  Seistan  to  the.  S.  Bukharia 
and  Balk  to  the  N.  and  E.  It  is  in  general  a  level 
country,  though  intersected  by  lofty  and  irregular 
ranges  of  mountains ;  some  part  of  it  also  consists 
of  sandy  deserts.  The  soil  is  generally  excellent, 
producing  corn,  wine,  fruit,  rice,  and  silk,  plenti- 
fully and  of  excellent  quality.  The  authority  of 
the  king  of  Persia  at  present  extends  only  over 
tlie  western  district.  The  southern  parts,  inclu- 
ding Herat,  have  fallen  under  the  dominion  of  the 
Afghans ;  the  eastern  and  northern  are  occupied 
by  the  king  of  Bukharia,  and  by  wandering  tribes 
of  Turcomans.  These  nations  carry  on  con- 
stantly a  predatory  warfare,  and  their  parties  of 
flying  horse  are  incessantly  scouring  the  country, 
and  laying  it  waste. 

Kordofan,  country,  Central  Africa,  between 
the  Icingdom  of  Darfur  and  that  of  Sennaar. 
Ibeit  IS  the  capital. 

Koriaks,  a  people  of  Siberia,  who  inhabit  part 
of  tlie  government  of  Okhotsk,  around  the  gulf  of 
Penginskaia,  and  N.  as  far  as  the  banks  of  the 
Anadir.  They  are  divided  into  the  fixed  and  the 
v/andering  Koriaks.  Tae  wandering  Koriaks 
subsist  by  hunting  and  plunder.  The  whole  num- 
ber is  about  2,000. 

Korjihaak,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  river 
Jhylum.    Lon.  73°  4'  E.  Lat.  32°  40'  N. 

Koritschan,  t.  Moravia,  27  m.  E.  by  S.  Brunn. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Kork,  V.  Baden,  3  m.  E.  Kehl.     Pep.  850. 

Korkan.     See  Jorjan. 

Korna,  v.  Irak  Arabi,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Euphrates  and  Tigris. 

Komhaus,  t.  Bohemia,  21  m.  W.  by  N.  Prague. 

Kom-Keuburg,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 10  m.  N.  Vienna.  Lon.  16°  19'  E.  Lat.  48° 
21'22"N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Korop,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Czernigov,  on  the  Des- 
na.     Lou.  33°  40'  E.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Koros  (the  Black),  r.  Hungary,  which  falls  into 
the  Theysse  near  Czongrad. 

Koroticha,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  44  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Kursk.     Pop.  8,000. 

Koround,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80°  44'  E. 
Lat.  270  11'  N. 

Korpo,  group  of  islands  in  the  archipelago  of 
Abo,  on  the  W .  coast  of  Finland.  Lon.  21°  25'  E. 
Lat.  60°  9'  N. 

Korschenbroich,  v.  Prussian  territory,  on  the 
Rhine,  in  Neersen. 

Korsewelan,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
128°  40'  E.  Lat.  7°  39'  S. 

Korti,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Nile,  60  m.  E.  Dongola, 

Koriright,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N.  E. 
Delhi,  62  S.  W,  Albany.     Pop.  2,993. 

Korumabad.     See  Khorumabad. 

KoschuraUkoi,  fort,  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the 
©ural,  24  m.  S.  Ouralsk. 

Kosd,  t.  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  on  the  Oder)  73  m. 
S.  E.  Brtslau.     Pop.  3,300. 


K  O  U 

Kostltz,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  45  m.  S.  Czernigov.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Koselsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  42  m.  S.  S.  W.  Kaluga. 
Pop.  2,900. 

Kosichinskoiy  fort,  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the 
Volga,  48  m.  N.  N.  W.  Astracan. 

Kosie,  kingdom,  W.  Africa,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  river  Lagos,  about  60  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Kosmin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  30  m.  W.  Kalisch. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Kostanicsza,  t.  Austrian  Croatia,  on  the  Unna, 
62  m.  E.  by  S.  Carlstadt.  Lon.  16°  36' 39"  E.  Lat. 
45°  13' 57"  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

Kostel,  t.  Moravia,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Auspitz.  Lon. 
16°  47'  E.  Lat.  48°  50'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Kostel,  t.  Austrian  lUyria,  in  Lower  Carniola,  5 
m.  S.  Gottsche. 

Kosteletz,  t.  Moravia,  7  m.  S.  W.  Olmutz.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Kosldelz  on  the  Elbe,  t.  Bohemia,  12  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Prague.    Lon.  14°  45'  E.  Lat.  50°  12'  N. 

Kosteletz  on  the  Krewzel,  or  Black  KosteletZy  t. 
Bohemia,  21  m.  E.  by  S.  Prague.     Pop.  900. 

Kosten,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  26  m.  S.  S.  W.  Po- 
sen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Kottendil,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  100  m. 
N.  Salonica.     Pop.  8,000. 

Koster^s  Islands,  group  of  islands  in  the  North 
sea,  on  the  coast  of  Gottenburgh,  in  Sweden. 

JKostrama,  one  of  tlie  largest  governments  of 
Eu.  Russia,  between  40°  20'  and  48°  20'  E.  Ion. 
and  56°  45'  and  59°  13'  N.  lat.  and  bounded  by 
♦*the  governments  of  Vologda,  Viatka,  Niznei- 
Novgorod,  Vladimir,  and  Jaroslav.  Extent, 
38,400  sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  1,150,000. 

Kostroma,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  the  gov« 
ernment  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  Wolga,  near 
the  influx  of  the  nver  Kostroma.  Pop.  9,tX)0.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  435  m.  E.  by  S.  St.  Peters- 
bur-h.     Lon.  41°  12'  E.  Lat.  57°  45'  N. 

Koizieglow,  t.  Poland,  51  m.  N.  W.  Cracow. 
Pop.  1,350. 

Kotah,  t.  and  fortrsss.  Hind,  in  Ajmere.  Lon. 
75°48'E.  Lat.  25°  11' N. 

Kolelnitsch,  t.  Eu.  rtussia,  on  the  Viatka,  36  na. 
S.  W.  Viatk...     Pop.  4,000. 

Kothen,  t.  Germauv,  m  Uppar  Saxony,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Dessau.     Lon.  12°  a'  E.  Lat.  5 1  °  47  N. 

Kotnar,  t.  Moldavia,  29  m.  N.  W.  Jassy. 

Koto.     See  Q^uitta. 

Kotoo,  one  of  the  small  Friendly  islands,  16  m. 
N.  Annamooka.     Lon.  185°  11'  E.  Lat.  19=  58'S. 

Kotrou,  s-p.  Ivory  coast  of  Africa,  20  m.  W. 
Cape  Lahou. 

Kolschau^  t.  Bohemia,  3  m.  N.  E.  Tachau. 

Kottiar,  district,  Ceylon,  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  island,  between  8°  and  9°  N.  lat, 

Kotlis,  t  Lower  Austria,  10  m.  S.  Zwetl. 

Koftocomb,  t.  Central  Africa,  100  m.  S.  Bornou. 

Kotzting,  t.  Bavaria,  37  m.  E.  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
900. 

Kouakand.     See  Kovkan. 

Kouangnan-fou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank, 
in  Yunnan.     Lon.  106°  14'  E.  Lat.  30°  32'  N. 

Koucho,  v.  W.  Africa,  36  m.  up  the  river 
Sherbro. 

Koudekerk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  S.  Holland,  4  m. 
E.by  S.  I.eyden.     Pop.  900. 

Koukcn,  city.  Independent  Tartary,  near  the 
banks  of  the  Sirr  or  Sihon,  70  leagues  N.  E.  Sa- 
marcand.  65  W.  Cashgar. 

Koukou.     See  Kuku. 

Kowna,  r.  A.  R'xs'sia,  which  rises  in  the  Cauca- 


K  R  A 

SU9,  and  flowing  eastward,  loses  itself  in  the  sayd, 
before  reaching  the  Caspian  sea. 

Koum  el  Arab,  v.  Upper  Egypt,  on  tiic  Nile,  8 
m.  N.  Tahta. 

KoumErige,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  12 
m.  N.  Benisuef. 

Koum  Ombo.    See  Ombo. 

Koumyks,  Mahometan  and  Tartar  nation,  who 
live  at  the  foot  of  Caucasus,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Terek. 

Kovrov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  24  m.  E.  Vladimir. 

Kous,  (an.  Appollinopolis  Parva,)  t.  Upper 
Egypt,  on  the  E,  baink  of  the  Nile,  opposite  Thebes. 
The  greater  part  of  its  commerce  is  now  trans- 
ferred to  Kene. 

Kouznetzk,  t.  in  Tomsk,  A.  Russia.  Lon.  87° 
30'  E.  Lat.  53°  20'  N. 

Kowal,  t.  Poland,  80  m.  W.  by  N.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Kowar.    See  Kiawer. 

Kowno,  or  Kauen,  t.  Russia,  in  the  government 
©f  Wilna,  at  the  junction  of  the  Niemen  and  the 
Wilna,  66  m.  W.  N.  W.  Wilna.     Pop.  3,400. 

Kowrowa,  v.  Owyhee,  in  Karakakooa  bay, 
where  captain  Ci  ok  was  killed  in  1779. 

Koyar^  I.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  79°  35' E.  Lat. 
20°  6'  N. 

Koydanovo,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  16  m.  S.  S.  W.Minsk. 

Kozelets,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Czernigov,  45  m.  N. 
N.E.  Kiev. 

K02I0V,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  48  m.  W.  N.  W.  Tam- 
bov. Lon.  33°  33' 48"  E.  Lat.  45°  U'  54"  N. 
Pop.  7,100. 

Kosmin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  28  m.  W.  N.  W, 
Kalisch.    Pop.  1,700. 

Krahben,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  Guiana.     Lon.  57°  60'  W.  Lat.  0°  10'  N. 

Krcw.     See  Karak. 

Krageroe,  t.  Norway.  Lon.  9°  30'  42"  E.  Lat. 
58°  51'  35"  N. 

Krahenheimsktten,  t.  Baden,  8  m.  W.  Sigma- 
ringen. 

Krainburg,  t.  Austrian  lUyria,  in  Carniola,  on 
the  Save,  20  m.  W.  Laybach.  Lon.  14°  11'  E. 
Lat.  46°  20' N.    Pop.  1,400. 

Krakataa,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Sunda,  10  miles 
in  circumference.    Lon.  105°  15'  E.  Lat.  6°  9'  S. 

Kraliewa  Velika,  t.  Sclavonia,  156  m.  S.  Vien- 
na.   Lon.  17°  30'  E.  Lat.  45°  44'  N. 

Kralowitz,  t.  Bohemia,  15  m.  S.  W.  Rakonitz. 
Fop.  950. 

Krannichfeld,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gotha,  on 
thellm.  Pop.  1,300.  Lon.  11°  11' 45"  E.  Lat. 
50°  51'  55''  N. 

Krapiwna,  t.  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  9 
in.  N.  E.  Ober  Glogau.    Pop.  1,200. 

Krasnibrod,  t.  Hungary,  in  Semplin,  35  m.  N. 
E.  Eperies. 

Krasnobrod,  t.  Poland,  28  m.  W.  Belcz. 

Krasnoe,  v.  Eu.  Russia,  30  m.S.  W.  Smolensk. 

Krasnoe-SelOf  v.  Eu.  Russia,  20  m.  fr.  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh. 

Krasnoiank,  t.  in  Astracan,  A.  Russia,  on  an 
island  formed  by  arms  of  the  Volga.  Lon.  48° 
30'  E.  Lat.  46°  29'  N.     Pop.  1,970. 

Krasnoiarsk,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tomsk,  on  a  small 
river  which  falls  into  the  Yenisei.     Pop.  3,450. 

Krasno-kutsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Charcov,  40  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Charkov.     Pop.  4,000. 

Krasno-slobodsk,  t  Eu.  Russia,  in  Penza,  on  the 
river  Moskwa.     Pop.  4,700. 

Krasnostaw,  t.  Poland,  in  Lublin,  on  the  river 
Wieprez,  26  m.  S.  S.  W.  Chelm.    Fop.  2,500. 


K  U  B 


^81 


Hrasmy-Cholm,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tver,  100  m. 
N.  by  E.  Tver.     Pop.  1,800. 

Krassova,  an  extensive  palatinate  in  the  S.  E.  of 
Hungary.     Pop.  200,000. 

Kreben,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  32  m.  S.  Posen. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Kreidersville,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Kremenezy  t.  Russian  Poland,  in  Volhynia,  224 
m.  E.  Cracow.     Pop.  3,650. 

Krementschuk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pultava,  on  the 
Dnieper,  38  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon. 
33°  59'  E.  Lat.  49°  3'  28"  N.    Pop.  7,400. 

Krempe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein.  Lon.  9°  23' 
E,  Lat.  53°  53'  N.    Pop.  1,000. 

Kremsier,  or  Kromerzit^  t.  Austrian  states,  17 
m.  S.  Olmutz.  Lon.  17°  20'  E.  Lat.  49°  17'  N. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Krestzy,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  67  m.  8.  E. 
Novgorod.     Pop.  1,900. 

Kreutzy  t.  Austria,  150  m.  S.  by  E.  Vienna. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Krilovy  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav.  Pop. 
2,200. 

Krishna.     See  Kistnah. 

Kritschev,  or  Kriczev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Mohi- 
lev,  56  m.  S.  Mohilev. 

Kr/ukov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  on  the  Dnie- 
per.    Pop.  1,000. 

Krobtn,  or  Krawe,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  44  m.  S. 
Posen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Krcepelin,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  22  m.  N.  E.  W.smar.     Pop.  1,250. 

Krojanke,  t  Prussian  Poland,  24  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Friedland.     Pop.  1,800. 

Kromaur,  t.  Moravia,  18  m.  N.  E.  Znaym. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Kromme,  bay,  S.  Africa,  Cape  of  Good  Hope^ 
in  about  lat.  34°  S. 

Kromy,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orel,  16  m.  S.  Orel. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Krook,  city,  Persia,  150  m.  S.  E.  Kerman. 

Kropivnuy  t.  Eu.  Russia,  16  m.  W.  Tula.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Krossen,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  90  m, 
W.  Lemberg.     Pop.  4,900. 

Krotoschyn,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  28  m.  W.  Ka- 
lisch.    Pop.  4,100. 

Krotzka,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  on  the  S.  iide 
of  the  Danube,  15  m.  S.E.  Belgrade. 

Krulich,  or  Grulich,  t.  Bohemia,  82  m.  E. 
Prague.     Pop.  2,000. 

Krumbach,  t.  Bavaria,  56  m.  W.  Munich.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Krumlau,  or  Krumau,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Mul- 
da,  76  m.  S.  Prague.  Lon.  14°  13'  E.  Lat.  48° 
59' N. 

Krzepice,  t.  Poland,  52  m.  N.  W.  Cracow.  Pop. 
900. 

Krzizanau,  t.  Moravia,  23  m.  N.  W.  Brunu. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Ktadne.     See  Katdhdin. 

Kteifa,  (an.  Adarisi,)  t.  Syria,  22  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Damascus. 

Kuara,  a  mountainous  province  at  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Abyssinia,  near  the  banks  of  the  Bahr- 
el-Abiad. 

Kubbeer,  Sea  of,  salt  lake,  Irak,  in  Persia,  150 
miles  long,  and  35  broad. 

Kubbees,  citv,  Seistan,  in  Persia,  150  m.  N.  E. 
Kerman,  160  S.  E.  Yezd. 

Kubin,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Danube,  opposite 
Semendria.    Pop.  2,400. 


382 


K  U  P 


K  U  T 


Kvbin,  t.  Hungary.  Pop.  1,900.  Lon.  19^  18' 
E.  Lat.  49°  14'  N. 

Kudamia,  v.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  20  m.  N.  Cairo. 

Kufa,  city,  Irak  Arabi,  4  m.  N.  Meshed  Ali. 

Kuffslein,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  the  Tyrol,  on 
the  Inn,  43  m.  E.  N.  E.  Inspruck. 

Kuft,  or  Krft,  an  ancient  city  of  Upper  Egypt, 
formerly  called  Coptos,  which,  during  the  time  of 
the  Ptolemies,  *was  the  great  emporium  of  its 
commerce.     Lon.  32°  E.  Lat.  25°  50'  N. 

Kuhtar,  district,  Hind,  in  Cashftiere,  between 
34°  and  35°  N.  lat 

Kuiatskaia.     See  Kiakhta. 

Kulla,  country.  Central  Africa,  S.  E.  of  Wan- 
gara.  It  appears  probable  that  this  country  is 
the  same  described  by  Mr.  Bowdich  under  the 
name  of  Quolla. 

Kullo,  district,  W.  Africa,  ou  the  main  branch 
of  the  Senegal. 

Kulmeeta,  v.  Algiers,  on  the  Shelliff,  6  m.  N. 
Mustygannim. 

Kulpa,  r.  .\ustrian  Illyria,  which  forms  the 
bounc^ry  between  Croatia  and  Carniola,  and 
falls  into  the  Save,  on  the  confines  of  Sclavonia. 

Kulsheim,  t.  Baden,  40  m.  E.  by  S.  Heidelberg. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Kumania,  two  districts,  in  the  central  part  of 
Hungary,  on  the  great  river  Theyss. 

Kumbalia,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  69°  45' 
E.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. 

Kumi,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  one  of  a  cluster, 
between  Formosa  and  Japan.  Lon.  23°  16'  E. 
Lat.  24°  33'  N. 

Kumline,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  between  Fin- 
land and  the  Aland  isles.  Lon.  20°  37'  E.  Lat 
60°  17'  N. 

Kwmriy  Gebel,  or  Mountains  of  the  Moon,  a 
range  of  mountains  in  Central  Africa,  S.  of  Abys- 
sinia and  Darfur.  It  is  commonly  represented  as 
forming  a  complete  belt  across  Africa;  but  there 
appears  much  reason  to  doubt  such  a  continuity. 

Kuna,  t  Russian  Poland,  in  Podolia,  15  m.  S. 
E.  Braclaw. 

Kunashir,  isl.  of  the  Eastern  seas,  one  of  the 
Kuriles,  about  100  miles  long,  and  35  broad. 

Kundal,  t.  Bengal,  inTipperah.  Lon.  91°  18' 
E.  Lat.  23°  12'  N. 

Kundapoor,  s-p.  India,  in  Canara,  near  the 
mouth  of  a  river.     Lon.  74°  47'  E.  Lat.  13°  33'  N. 

Kungwr,  t.  Ea.  Russia,  40  m.  S.  Perm.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Kunka,  district.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  on  the  sea 
coast. 

Kunkagur,  cap.  of  the  above  district,  is  on  the 
sea  coast.     Lon.  87°  5'  E.  Lat.  20°  50'  N. 

Kunowiiz,  t.  Moravia,  37  m.  S.  by  E.  Olmutz. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Kunistadt,  t  Silesia,  38  m.  E.  Breslau.  Lon. 
18°  3'  E.  Lat.  51°  2'  N. 

Kun  Szent  Miklos,  t  Hungary,  in  Little  Ru- 
mania, 35  m.  S.  Pest.     Pop.  4,000. 

Kunzelsau,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  9  m. 
N.  E.  Ochringen.     Pop.  2,000. 

Kuopio,  t  Ell.  Russia,  in  Finland,  220  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Abo.     Pop.  850. 

Kupferbcrg,  t.  Bavarian  States,  37  m.  N.  E. 
Bamberg.     Pop.  900. 

Kupferberg,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Bober,  17  m.  S. 
W.  Jauer.     Pop.  800. 
Kuph,  v.  Syria,  35  m.  S.  S.  W.  Aleppo. 
Kupinowa,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Save,  16  m.  S. 
S-  W.  Belgrade. 


Kuppenheim,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Murg,  22  m.  N. 
E.  Strasburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Kur,  (an.  Cyrus,)  r.  Georgia,  in  Asia.  It  rises 
on  the  borders  of  Armenia,  and  flows  N.  for  50  or 
60  miles,  when  it  turns  to  the  S.  W.  and  flows,  by 
several  mouths,  into  the  Caspian. 

Kurczahan,  r.  Russia,  in  Podolia,  which  falls 
into  the  Dniester,  below  Bender. 

Kurda,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  3  m.  S.  Therand. 
Kurdistan,  country,  Asia,  lying  partly  in  Ar- 
menia and  partly  in  Persia.    The  inhabitants  live 
chiefly  on  plunder,  and  are  not  subject  either  to 
Turks  or  Persians. 

Kurenk,  r.  Mekran,  in  Persia,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  sea,  30  m.  W.  Tiiz. 

Kurgan,  r.  Korassan,  in  Persia,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Caspian  sea,  W.  of  Astrabat. 

Kurgomah,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwana.  Lon.  82° 
25' E.  Lat  23°  11' N. 

Kuriat,  s-p.  Ommon,  in  Arabia,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Muscat. 

Kunles,  a  long  range  of  small  islands  at  the  E. 
extremity  of  Asia,  extending  from  the  S.  point  of 
Kamschatka  to  the  isle  of  Jesso.  The  whole 
length  is  nearly  900  miles.  Some  of  these  islands 
are  not  inhabited,  and  several  are  uninhabitable 
for  want  of  water.  Most  of  these  islands  are  sub- 
ject to  Russia,  and  the  inhabitants  pay  a  tribute 
of  furs  and  sea  calves,  which  the  Russians  collect 
every  two  or  three  years.  The  three  most  southerly 
belong  to  Japan.  The  entire  population  of  the 
archipelago  has  been  estimated  at  1,400.  It  ex- 
tends from  lat.  42°  to  51°  N. 

Kurmysch,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  on  the 
Sura.     Pop.  1,200.     Lon.  46°  E.    Lat.  55°  28'  N. 
Kurnik,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  12  m.  S.  E.  Posen. 
Pop.  1,350. 

Kurrabagh,  t.  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon.  67® 
57' E.  Lat  33°  28' N. 

Kursk,  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  lying  be- 
tween 35°  and  39°  E.  lon.  and  50°  30'  and  52°  30' 
N.  lat,  bounded  by  the  governments  of  Orel,  Vor- 
onez,  Slobodsk,  Ukraine,  and  Czernigov.  Extent, 
15,000  sq.  miles.  It  is  flat  and  fertile.  The  soil  is 
in  many  parts  a  black  mould.  Corn  is  the  cliief 
product  and  article  of  export ;  next  come  hemp, 
tobacco,  honey,  and  sitpetre.  Pop.  about 
1,200,000. 

Kursk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  river  Tuskara,  cap.  of 
the  preceding  province,  240  m.  S.  Moscow,  544  S. 
S.  E.  Petersburgh.  Lon.  36°  27' E.  Lat  51°  4$ 
N.     Pop.  16,000. 

Kurtoiviany,  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  16  m.  E.  ^. 
E.  Miedniki. 

Kusmo-demiansk,  t  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kasan,  on 
the  Wolga,  112  m.  N.  W.  Kasan,  Lon.  46°  25' 
W.  Lat.  56°  20'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Ku,snezk,  t  Eu.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  71  m.  E. 
Penza,  112  N.  Saratov.     Pop.  4,500. 

Kussnacht,  t  Switz.  in  Schweitz,  on  Wald- 
stadter  lake,  6  m.  N.  E.  Lucerne. 

Kussnacht,  v.  Switz.  on  the  lake  of  Zurich,  9 
m.  S.  Zurich.     Pop.  1,700. 

Kutno,  t.  Poland,  54  m.  W.  Warsaw.  Pop. 
2,550. 

Kuttahunk.    See  Buzzard's  bay. 
Kuttair,  or  Kuttaher.     See  Rohilcund. 
Kuttenberg,  or  Kutna  Hora,  t.  Bohemia,   40  m. 
E.  by  S.  Prague.     Pop.  6,300.     Its  silver  mines, 
formerly  very  productive,  are  now  overflowed 
with  water. 

Kultlau,  t  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  6  ra.  N.  N.  W,  ■ 
Gros  Glogau.    Pop.  1,400. 


LAB 

Kuttore,  fort,  India,  in  Cafiristan. 

Kuttubdea,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  separated 
from  the  main  by  a  strait  2  miles  broad.  Lon.  of 
the  N.  end,  91°  48'  E.  Lat.  21°  55'  N. 

Kutyy  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
Czeremosz,  61  m.  S.  S.  E.  Halicz.     Pop.  4,000. 

Kuwnik,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Po- 
sen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Kupider,  s-p.  Friesland,  on  the  river  Kuynder, 
near  its  influx  into  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Lon.  5°  32' 
E.  Lat.  52°  41'  N. 

Kuzenhausen,  v.  France,  9  m.  N.  Strasburg. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Kyla,  t.  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland,  23  m.  S. 
W.  Carlstadt. 

Kylburg,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Kyll,  30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Luxemburg. 

Kyll,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Moselle, 
5  m.  below  Treves. 

Kyll,  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  1190  E.  Lat.  2°  30' S. 


LAC 


383 


Kymmenegard,  extensive  province  of  Finland, 
belonging  to  Russia.     Pop.  115,000. 

Kyn,  small  isl.  of  the  Baltic,  on  the  coast  of 
Russia,  40  m.  N.  by  E.  Riga. 

Kyndee,  t.  Hind,  in  Balaar.  Lon.  85°  5'  E.  Lat. 
24°  15'  N. 

Kyragur,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwanah.  Lon.  81° 
32'  E.  Lat.  21°  27'  N. 

Kyranty,  t.  Bengal,  in  Couch  Bahar.  Lon.  88° 
50' E.  Lat.  26°  45' N. 

Kyrauf,  district,  Hind,  between  27°  and  28°  N. 
lat.  bounded  N.  by  the  Himaleh  mountains,  E. 
by  Bootan,  S.  by  Morung,  and  W.  by  Nepaul. 
The  Teesta  is  its  principal  river,  and  its  chief 
town  Damsoug. 

Kyreegur,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80°  51'  E. 
Lat.  28°  18'  N. 

Kyritz,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  46 
m.  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  12°  26'  E.  Lat.  52°  26'  N-. 
Pop.  2,000. 


L'AiGi-E.    See  Aigle,  L\ 

Laa,  or  Laab,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Theya, 
39  m.  N.  Vienna.     Pop.  1,300. 

Laach  on  the  Jauerling,  t.  Lower  Austria,  near 
the  Danube,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Stein. 

Laarat,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas  at  the  N.  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Timorlaut. 

Lacus,  or  Losch,  t.  Austrian  lUyria,  23  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Trieste. 

Laasphe,  t.  Prussian  states,  75  m.  E.  Cologne. 
Lon.  8°  30'  E.  Lat.  50°  53'  N.     Pop.  1,300. 

Labadia,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adige,  17  m. 
N.  Rovigo. 

Labbock  Bay,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Borneo.     Lon.  1 17°  55'  E.  Lat.  6°  2'  N. 

Labensttin.     See  Lobenslein. 

Laber,  r.  Bavaria,  which  falls  into  the  Danube 
at  Sinzing,  above  Ratisbon. 

Labcs,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  35  m.  N.  E. 
Stargard.     Lon.  15°  39'  E.  Lat.  53°  39'  N. 

Labiau,  t.  E.  Prussia,  24  m.  E.  N.  E.  Konigs- 
berg.     Lon.  21°  6'E.  Lat.  54°  51' N.    Pop.  2,500. 

Labischin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  an  island,  in 
the  river  Netz,  37  m.  N.  Gnesna.     Pop.  2,000. 

Labo,  t.  on  the  W,  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat  3° 
20'  N. 

Labon,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  celebra- 
ted for  gold  dust  and  camphor  ;  156  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Acheen.     Lon.  96°  40'  E.  Lat,  3°  10'  N. 

Labooan,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  1 15°  E.  Lat.  5°  20'  N. 

Labrador,  country,  N.  America,  between  50° 
and  60°  N.  lat.  bounded  S.  by  Canada  and  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  E.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
N.  by  Hudson's  straits,  and  W.  by  Hudson's  bay. 
The  whole  of  this  vast  tract  of  country  is  of  the 
most  barren  and  dreary  aspect,  the  surface  moun- 
tainous, and  of  a  poor  soil,  covered  only  with 
coarse  plants,  adapted  to  the  nourishment  of  deer 
and  o^er  wild  animal?.    The  inhabitaaxts  on  the 


coast  are  the  Esquimaux  Indians.  They  are  of 
small  stature,  and  ,in  their  language,  persons,  and 
manners,  bear  a  near  resemblance  to  the  Green- 
landers.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  the  flesh  ot' 
seals,  rein-deer,  and  fish,  and  their  dress  is  made 
entirely  of  skins.  Three  settlements  have  been 
formed  in  this  desolate  country  by  the  Moravian 
missionaries ;  who,  since  the  year  1764,  have  been 
labouring  to  promote  the  conversion  of  the  inhab- 
itants to  the  Christian  religion,  and  to  train  them 
to  habits  of  civilization.  The  name  of  the  settle- 
ments are  Nain,  Okkak,  and  Hopedale,  and  a  new 
settlement  at  Kangertluksoak,  it  was  expected 
would  be  formed  in  the  course  of  the  year  1821. 
The  three  settlements  contain  about  600  inhabit- 
ants. 

Labun,  t.  Eu.  Russia.     Pop.  3,200. 

Laby,  t.  W,  Africa,  in  the  kingdom  of  Foota 
Jallo,  72  m,  N.  W.  Teemboo,     Pop.  about  5,000. 

Lacadie,  t.  Lower  Canada,  53  m.  N.  Platts- 
burg,  N.  Y. 

Lacau  Sable,  lake,  N.  W.  Territory,  on  the 
route  between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi, 
600  m.  above  the  mouth  of  St.  Peter's  river.  Un- 
til 1816,  the  principal  station  of  the  British  N. 
W.  Fur  company  was  on  this  lake.  The  station  is 
now  occupied  by  the  American  S.  W,  Fur  com- 
pany. 

Laccadives,  an  archipelago  of  low  islands  lying 
off"  the  W.  coast  of  India,  between  8°  and  13°  N, 
lat.  Most  of  them  are  inhabited  by  a  race  of  Ma- 
hometans called  Moplays.  They  produce  cocoa 
nuts  in  abundance. 

Lac  des  deux  Monlagnes,  seigniory,  York  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  Ottawa  river,  25^ 
m.  W,  Montreal,  Here  is  an  Indian  village  of 
about  60  houses,  with  a  church  and  priest, 

Lacedcemon.     See  Misitra. 

Lacepedes  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  on  th« 
N.  W.  coast  of  New  HoUand.  Lou.  117°  8'  E, 
Lat.  16°  43'  S. 


3^4 


LAD 


Lachen,  v.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  3  m, 
S.  E.  Neustadt.     Pop.  1,000. 

Lachenaye,  seigniory,  Leinster  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  river  St.  Jean,  13  m.  N.  Montreal. 

Lacherrotiere,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  38 
m.  W.  Quebec. 

Lachford,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester  co.  li  m.  S.  E. 
Warrington.     Pop.  944. 

Lachine^  v.  on  Montreal  island,  Lower  Canada, 
t  m.  above  the  city  of  Montreal.  The  rapid  of  St. 
Louis  prevents  vessels  ascending  from  Montreal, 
so  that  all  the  commerce  with  the  N.  W,  country 
centres  at  Lachine.  It  is  intended  to  connect  La- 
chine  with  Montreal  by  a  canal,  and  the  sum  of 
25,000/.  has  been  lately  voted  by  the  Provincial 
Parliament  for  the  commencement  of  this  work. 

Lachish,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Judah,  20  m.  S.  E.  Jerusalem. 
•  Lacfisa,  Lahsa,  or  Hajar,  a  division  of  Arabia, 
extending  along  the  S.  W,  coast  of  the  Persian 
gulf,  from  its  entrance  at  Cape  Mussendoom,  and 
to  a  considerable  distance  inland.  The  coast  is 
fertile  ajid  well  peopled,  abounding  in  dates,  rice, 
and  cotton ;  but  a  great  part  of  the  interior  con- 
sists of  sandy  plains.  This  country  was  formerly 
subject  to  Turkey,  but  the  natives  have  now  en- 
tirely shaken  off  the  yoke. 

Lachsa,  t.  Arabia,  cap.  of  the  above  province, 
and  residence  of  the  scheik.  Lon.  48°  34'  E.  Lat. 
26°  56'  N. 

Laekar,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  30  miles  long 
and  6  broad.     Lon.  128°  14'  E.  Lat.  8°  18'  S. 

Lackawanac,  t.  Mercer  Co.  Pa.     Pop.  379. 

Lackaivaxen,  r.  Pa.  which  falls  into  the  Dela- 
ware, in  Pike  co.  174  m.  above  Philadelphia. 

Lackawaxen,  p-t.  Pike  co.  Pa.     Pop.  165. 

Lac  Metapediachy  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co. 
Lower  Canada,  comprising  a  tract  of  land  3  miles 
wide  round  lake  Metapediach. 

Lac  Metis,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower 
Canada,  comprising  a  tract  of  land  3  miles  wide 
round  lake  Metis. 

Ladautre,  seigniory,  Warwick  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  N.  E.  Montreal. 

Lacuit  de  Punta,  a  cape  on  the  coast  of  Chili, 
Lat.  42°  8'  S. 

Ladenburg,  t.Baden,  'on  the  Neckar,  6  m.  E. 
Manheim.  Lon.  8°  40'  E.  Lat.  49°  27'  N.  Pop, 
2,000, 

Ladik,  or  Ladikieh^     See  Latakia. 

Ladoga,  or  Ladoska,  lake,  Russia,  between  the 
Baltic  and  Lake  Onega.  Length,  130  miles, 
breadth,  75.     Extent,  6.200  miles. 

Ladoga,  J^eiv,  t.  Russia,  on  the  canal  and  river 
Volchov,  56  m.  E.  Petersburgh.  Lon.  32°  E,  Lat, 
60°  2'  N. 

Ladon,  t.  France,  27  m.  E.  N.  E,  Orleans, 

Lados  Isles,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  Lon.  99°  40'  E. 
Lat,  6°  5'  i\. 

Ladronea,  or  Mariana  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  stretching  450  miles  from  N.  to  S.  These 
islands  are  14,  or,  according  to  some,  16  in  num- 
ber. The  inhabitants  are  tall,  robust,  and  very 
active.  They  are  naturally  acute,  lively,  and  in- 
genious. Their  ingenuity  and  mechanical  talents 
were  most  conspicuous  in  the  invention  of  that 
singular  vessel  called  the  flying  prow.  With  a 
brisk  wind  these  prows  will  sail  at  tlie  rate  of  20 
aiiles  per  hour.      These  islands  arc  the  report  ef 


L  A  H 

pirates  who  infest  the  mouth  of  the  Canton  rivei', 
and  have  long  set  the  whole  naval  power  of  the 
Chinese  at  defiance.  Lon.  of  the  Great  Ladrone, 
113°44'E.  Lat.21°52'N. 

Ladrones,  three  small  islands  ia  the  Pacific 
ocean,  on  the  coast  of  Veraguay,  8  m.  S.  E.  Cape 
Boruca.     Lon.  83°  16'  W.  Lat.  8°  20'  N. 

Ladurantaie,  now  St.  Michaels  and  St.  Vallitf) 
which  see. 

Lady's  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  S.  C.  ne^* 
Port  Royal. 

Lafourche,  or  Chetimaches,  r.  Louisiana,  an  out- 
let of  the  Mississip])i.  It  leaves  the  main  stream 
at  Donaldson,  about  90  m.  above  New  Orleans, 
and  dividing  into  two  channels,  enters  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  in  'fimballier  bay.  Its  length  is  about  45 
miles. 

Lafourche,  co.  Louisiana,  on  the  river  Lafour- 
che, at  its  mouth.     Pop.  4,467. 

Lafourche,  p-t.  Arcadia  co.  Louisiana,  75  m,  N. 
W.  New-Orleans. 

Lagau,  or  Lagou,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  New  Mark 
of  Brandenburg.  Lon.  15°  26'  E.  Lat,  52° 
28'  N. 

Lage,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  9  m.  S,  W.  Rostock. 

Lagida,  r.  Cuba,  which  runs  into  the  sea  at  the 
Havannah. 

Lagnieu,  t  France,  22  m.  N.  E.  Lyons. 

Lagny,  t.  France,  15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Paris. 

Lago,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  bay  of 
Sierra  Leone. 

Lagoa,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea,  in  lat.  33°  10'  S. 

Lagoa  de  Patos,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat. 
29°  25'  S. 

Lagoa  de  Pescara,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lat.  21°  30"  S. 

Lago  Maggiore,  lake.  Upper  Italy,  30  miles  long 
and  7  or  8  broad,  separating  the  government  of 
Milan  and  the  states  of  Sardinia. 

Lago  JVegro,  or  Lago  JVero,  t.  Naples,  in  the 
Basilicata,  at  the  foot  of  the  Appennines,  12  m.  E. 
Policastro.     Pop.  5,000. 

Lagoon  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
139°  28'  W.  Lat.  18°  47'  N. 

Lagoon.  There  are  three  gulfs  of  this  name  on 
the  coast  of  Yucatan,  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  be- 
tween lat.  18°  40'  and  17°  54'  N. 

Lagos,  s-p.  Portugal,  134  m.  S.  Lisbon.  Lon. 
8°  49'  3''  W.  Lat.  37°  60'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Lagos,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  60  m.  N.  E. 
Guadalaxara.  Lon.  101°  32"  W.  Lat  21° 
27'  N. 

Lagos,  r.  and  bay,  W.  Africa,  forming  the.  E» 
boundary  of  the  Slave  coast,  Lon  3°  30'  E,  Lat. 
6°  20'  N. 

Lago  Salso,  or  Lago  di  Salpi,  lake  in  the  king- 
dom of  Naples,  near  the  coast  of  the  Capitanata, 
12  m.  S.  Manfredonia. 

Lago  Santo,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state, 
5  m.  N,  by  W.  Comachio. 

Laguna,  or  St.  Cristobal  de  la  Laguna,  the  cap- 
ital of  Teneriffe,  the  principal  of  the  Canara  isl- 
ands. It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  basaltic  hill, 
elevated  nearly  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.     Lon.  16°  20'  W.  Lat.-28°  28'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Lahar,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  78°  59'  E.  Lat. 
26°  13'  N. 

Lahdack,  cap.  of  a  district  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  N.  boundary  of  Hind.  Lon.  78°  10'  E.  Lat 
35°  N. 


L  A  L 


LAM 


385 


Lahijian,  t.  Ghilan,  in  Persia,  8  m.  E.  Reshd. 

Lahmediah,  v.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  E.  branch  of 
the  Nile,  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Damietta. 

Lahn,  or  Lehri,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Bober.  Pop. 
900. 

Lahn,  r.  Germany,  which  passing  by  Marburg, 
Giessen,  Wetzlar,  and  Nassau,  joins  the  Rhine 
near  Upper  Lahnstein. 

Lalinberg,  L  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau, 
on  the^Lahn,  2  m.  N.  Weilburg. 

Ldinstein,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Rhine,  4  m.  E.  Coblentz.     Pop.  1,200. 

Laholm,  or  Lageholm,  s-p,  Sweden,  30  m.  N. 
Helsingborg.  Lon.  13°  1'  E.  Lat.  56°  32'  N.  Pop. 
850. 

Lahore,  province,  Hind,  between  30''  and  34° 
N.  lat.  320  miles  long,  by  220  broad.  This  prov- 
ince, from  its  advantageous  situation,  and  being 
watered  by  numerous  rivers,  ought,  under  a  good 
government,  to  be  the  garden  of  India  ;  but  being 
possessed  by  a  number  of  petty  Seik  and  other 
chiefs,  it  is  one  of  the  least  populous  and  worst 
cultivated  districts. 

Lahore,  the  capital  of  the  above  province,  and 
several  times  the  capital  of  Hindostan,  is  on  the  S. 
E.  bank  of  the  river  Ravey,  The  great  Moguls 
expended  considerable  sums  on  palaces  and  gar- 
dens, &c.  Of  this  grandeur,  little  now  remains. 
Lon.  73°  48'  E.  Lat.  31°  50'  N. 

Lahory,  t.  Nepaul,  on  Sursutty  river.  Lon.  84° 
55'  E.  Lat.  27°  42'  N. 

Xiff^ou,  s-p.  on  the  Ivory  coast  of  Africa.  Lon. 
5°  5' W.  Lat.  5°  20' N. 

Lahr,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden.  The  inhabitants 
carry  on  with  spirit,  manufactures  of  woollens, 
linens,  cottons,  tobacco,  and  leather ;  18  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Strasburg,  23  N.  Freyburg.  Lon.  7°  57'  E. 
Lat.  48°  21'  N.    Pop.  4,400. 

Laibeedy,  v.  Tunis,  18  m.  S.  E.  El  Jemme. 

Laignes,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  9  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Chatillon-sur-Seine,     Pop.  1,600. 

Laish.     See  Dan, 

Laistei;  L  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kasan,  on  the  river 
Kama,  40  m.  S.  by  E.  Kasan.  Lon.  49°  14'  E. 
Lat.  55°  20'  N. 

Lai-lcheou-fou,  city,  China,  in  Shangtung,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Pe-tche-Iee.  Lon.  1 14° 
'16' E.  Lat.  37°  9' N. 

Laithafalu,  t.  Hungary,  11  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pres- 
burg. 

Lake,  t.  I^ogan  co,  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  555. 

Lake,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  525. 

Lake,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  555. 

Lake  Maskinonge,  seigniory,  St  Maurice  co. 
Lower  Canada,  36  m.  N.  W.  Three-Rivers. 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  lake,  N.  America,  between 
Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Winnipec.  Lon.  of  the 
N.  W.  end,  94°  31'  W.  Lat.  49°  37'  N.  It  is  about 
ro  miips  long  and  40  broad,  and  communicates 
through  Winnipec  river  with  Lake  Winnipec. 

Lake  Pleasant,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y. 

Lake  River,  N.  America,  which  falls  into  the 
Mississippi.     Lon.  95°  W.  Lat,  46°  30'  N. 

Lake  River,  Little,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi.  Lon.  94°  23'  W.  Lat.  45° 
VS'  N. 

Laken,  v.  Germany,  near  Brussels.  There  is  a 
splendid  palace  of  the  king  of  the  Netherlands  in 
the  neighbourhood.     Pop.  1,200. 

Laland,  isl.  Denmark,  at  the  entrance  of  tlie 
Baltic,  near  the  coast  of  Zealand,  60  m.  long,  and 
H  broad.    Extent,  460 square  miles.    Pop.  34,000. 


49 


It  is  the  most  fertile  spot  in  Denmark,  and  produces 
corn,  pease,  and  all  kinds  ofgrain  in  abundance. 

Lalang,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Sumatra,  in 
the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon.  99°  20'  E.  Lat.  1° 
45' N. 

Lalsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vologda.  It  has  a  brisk 
trade  with  Siberia,  Moscow,  and  Archangel.  Pop, 
1,200.     Lon.  47°  14'  E.  Lat.  60°  50'  N. 

Lamalmon,  a  lolty  mountain  of  Abyssinia,  on 
the  road  from  Massuah  to  Gondar. 

Lamarche,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  Illinois 
river  from  the  N.  W. 

La  Martiniere,  fief,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  E.  Que- 
bec. 

Lamate,  i.  Austrian  Italy,  5  m.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Lamay,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  3  or  4  leagues 
from  Formosa.     Lat.  22°  22'  N. 

Lamb  Head,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Stronsa,  one  of  the  Orkneys.  Lon.  2°  25'  W. 
Lat.  58°  57' N. 

Lamb's  Head,  cape,  Ireland,  in  Kerry  co.  Lon. 
10°  I'W.  Lat.51°42'  N. 

Lambach,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Traun,  11  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Vocklabruck.     Pop.  3,000. 

Lambale,  v.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  75  m. 
S.  E.  Goumel. 

Lamballe,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  on  the 
Conessan,  42  m.  N.  W.  Rennes.     Pop.  3,800. 

Lnmbay,  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea,  near  the  W.  coast 
of  Ireland.     Lon.  6°  W.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. 

Lambayeque,  t.  Peru,  95  m.  W.  N.  W.  Truxillo, 
Pop.  8,000. 

Lambesc,  t.  France  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  12 
m.  N.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  3,650. 

Lambese.     See  Tezzuute. 

Lambtth,  v.  Eng.  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
that  portion  of  London  which  lies  S.  of  the  Thames, 
and  is  now  united  to  the  town  by  a  continued 
range  of  buildings.  The  chief  public  building  is 
Lambeth  palace,  the  residence  of  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury.  It  contains  a  library  of  about 
25,000  volumes,  besides  upwards  of  1,200  manu- 
scripts. Lambeth  contains  numerous  manufacto- 
ries.    Pop.  41,644. 

Lambro,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Po  below 
Placentia. 

Lambsheim,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  on 
the  Hart,  8  m.  W.  Manheim. 

Lamego,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Balsamo, 
a  tributary  of  the  Douro.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  46 
m.  E.  Oporto.     Pop.  6,600. 

Lamesley,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  3  m.  S.  Gateshead 
Pop.  2,054. 

Lamine,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Lamington,  parish,  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire. 
Po|..  365. 

Lamisa,  t.  Asia,  in  Georgia,  60  m.  W.  Teflis. 

Lamlash,  an  excellent  harbour,  Scotland,  on  the 
S.  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Arran.     Lat.  55°  33'  N. 

Lamlem.     See  Me'li, 

Jjamoil,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  S.  of  Lake  Memphra- 
ma;;og,  and  running  W.  falls  into  Lake  Champlain 
in  Colchester,  5  m.  N.  of  the  mouth  of  Onion  river, 
10  m.  N.  Burlington. 

Lamona,  or  Arnona,  r.  Italy,  which  rises  in  the 
Appennines,  and  flowing  N.  E.  falls  into  the  gulf 
of  Venice. 

Lamo/te,  lead  mine,  Missouri,  a  few  miles  N.  of 
St.  Michael's. 

Lampa,  t.  Peru,  and  cap.  of  a  district  of  the  same 
name,  90  ro.  S.  Cuzco.  Lon.  81°  44'  W.  Lat.  14° 
55'  S. 


386 


LAN 


LAN 


Lampedosa,  uninhabited  isl,  in  the  Mediterrane- 
an, 21  m.  in  circumference.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbour.  130  m.  S.  Sicily,  70  W.  S.  W.  Malta, 
61  from  the  coast  of  Barbary,  in  Ion.  12°  24'  E. 
lat.  350  40'  N. 

Lampertheim,  v.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
9  m.  S.  E.  Worms. 

Lampeter,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,501. 

Lavipong,  a  district  in  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Sumatra.  The  Dutch  claim  the  domin- 
ion of  the  country.  The  bay  of  Lampong  is  wide 
and  deep,  and  affords  good  anchorage. 

Lamprey,  r.  Rockinghan  co.  N.  H.  which  falls 
into  Gi'eat  bay,  at  Durham. 

Lamsaki,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Anatolia,  celebrated 
for  its  wine.     Lon.  2G°  44'  E.  Lat.  40°  20'  N. 

Lamuza,  t.  Asia  Minor,  24  m.  W.  Tarsus. 

Lanarkshire,  or  Lanerkshire,  sometimes  called 
Clydesdale,  a  county  of  Scotland,  bounded  N.  and 
N.  W.  by  Renfrew,  Dumbarton,  and  Stirling;  N. 
E.  by  Linlithgow  and  Edinburgh  ;  E.  by  Peebles- 
shire ;  S.  by  Dumfrics-shire  ;  and  S.  W.  by  Ayr- 
thire.  Extent,  870  square  miles,  or  556,800  acres. 
Lanarkshire  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  min- 
erals, particularly  coal.  It  is  calculated  that  the 
coal  stretches  tlirough  this  county,  in  one  solid 
mass,  over  nearly  110  square  miles,  or  35,000 
acres,  and  that  its  average  thickness  cannot  be 
less  than  five  yards,  and  the  quantity  of  coal  pro- 
duced annually  amounts  to  about  760,000  tons. 
There  are  about  18,000  bars  of  lead  smelted  annu- 
ally, each  weighing  9  stones.  But  this  county  is 
chiefly  distinguished  by  its  rapid  progress  in  com- 
merce and  manufactures,  in  which  it  is  decidedly 
pre-eminent  over  all  the  other  counties  of  Scot- 
laud.  Among  the  manufactures  are  yarn,  which 
is  spun  in  immense  quantities,  in  different  parts  of 
the  county,  the  cotton  and  muslin  manufactures, 
the  printing  of  calicoes,  the  dying  of  Turkey  red, 
and  the  preparation  of  various  dyes.  Glass  and  crys- 
tal manufactures  are  also  carried  on  to  a  great  ex- 
tent. There  are  three  royal  burghs,  Lanark,  the 
city  of  Glasgow,  and  the  town  of  llutherglen. 
Pop.  in  1811,  192,726. 

Lanark,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap.  of 
Lanarkshire,  on  a  slope  of  rising  ground,  within 
half  a  mile  of  the  Clyde.  Cotton,  the  great  stapla 
nf  the  county,  is  the  chief  manufacture.  The 
falls  of  the  Clyde  in  the  vicinity,  have  been  visited 
from  all  quai'ters  by  the  lovers  of  the  picturesque. 
Pop.  of  the  burgh  about  3.000,  the  parish,  6,964. 
55  m.  S.  E.  Glasgow,  30  W.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3° 
b'  W.  Lat.  550  34'  N. 

Lanaxran,  one  of  the  smaller  Sooloo  islands,  in 
the  E.  Indian  sea.      Lon.  12°  23'  E.  Lat.  6°  1.5'  X. 

Lancashire,  a  maritime  co.  Eng.  on  the  N.  W. 
coast.  It  includes  part  of  the  great  coal  fields  of 
the  north  of  England  ;  and  with  these  natural  ad- 
vantages for  trade  and  manufactures,  it  has  grad- 
ually risen  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  manufacturing 
counties  in  the  kingdom,  containmg  Manchester, 
the  centre  of  the  cotton  manufiictures,  and  Liver- 
pool, the  emporium  of  the  west.  It  is  bounded  W. 
by  the  Irish  sea,  E.  by  Yorkshire,  S.  by  Cheshire, 
N.  by  Westmoreland  and  Cumberland.  Extent, 
1,800  square  miles,  or  12,000,000  acres,  with  450 
inhabitants  to  each  mile.  The  manufactures  are 
chiefly  those  of  cotton,  in  all  its  branches  ;  also  of 
silk,  woollen,  and  linen,  hats,  stocking?,  pins,  nee- 
dles, nails,  watch  tools  and  movements,  tobacco 
and  snuff,  earthen  ware,  porcelain,  paper,  &c. 
IVJanchf.ster  iS  the  principal  seat  of  the  cotton  man- 


ufacture. IVom  thence  it  spreads  on  all  sides ;  to 
the  south  and  east  into  Cheshire  and  Yorkshira  ; 
but  especially  to  the  north  and  west,  over  the 
greatest  part  of  Lancashire,  extending  from  Fur- 
ness  to  Derby  on  the  one  hand,  and  from  Liverpool 
to  Halifax  on  the  other.  The  population  ha«  in- 
creased with  great  rapidity.  In  1700,  rt  was 
166,200;  in  1760,  297,400,  in  1801,  695,100;  and 
in  1811,  828,309,  of  whom  23,305  families  were 
employed  in  agriculture,  1 14,522  in  manufactures, 
and  24,072  others. 

Lancaster,  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Lancashire,  on 
the  Lune  or  Loyne.  Of  the  public  buildings,  the 
castle  is  the  most  important.  It  is  now  occupied 
as  a  prison,  and  is  one  of  the  completest  establish- 
ments of  this  kind  in  the  kingdom,  and  is  capable  of 
containing  5,000  men  within  the  walls.  About  a 
mile  N.  E.  of  the  town,  is  the  great  aqueduct 
bridge,  by  which  the  Lancaster  canal  is  carried 
over  the  Lune.  It  is  justly  considered  the  most 
magnificent  structure  of  the  kind  in  the  kingdom. 
By  means  of  the  canal  its  inland  communications 
are  extensive,  reaching  into  Westmoreland, 
Yorkshire,  Cheshire,  Staffordshire,  &c.  But  its 
communication  with  the  sea  is  greatly  obstructed 
by  shoals  in  the  river  Lune.  The  trade  of  Lancas- 
ter is  principally  to  America  and  the  West  Indies. 
In  ISOiO,  the  registered  shipping  consisted  of  140 
ships,  19,094  tons  burden,  and  navigated  by  1,926 
men.  The  town  has  been  long  famous  for  its  cab- 
inet-making. Pop.  in  181 1,  9,247.  54  m.  N.  W. 
Manchester,  63  N.  by  E.  Liverpool,  240  N.  W. 
London.     Lon.  2°  47'  W.  Lat.  54°  3  N'. 

Lancasfer,  t.  Glengary  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

Lancaster,  p-t.  and  cap.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  opposite  Guildhall,  Vt.  with  y/hich 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  40  m.  above  Dart- 
mouth college,  131  m.  N.  W.  Portsmouth.  The 
village  is  on  Israel's  creek,  about  a  mile  irom  the 
river,  and  contains  a  court-house  ^and  jail,  and  a 
church. 

Lancaster,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  on  a  branch 
of  Nashua  river,  14  m.  N.  E.  Worcester,  36  W.N. 
W.  Boston.  Pop.  1 ,694.  Here  is  a  valuable  quar- 
ry of  slate.  Lancaster  is  a  good  agricultural  town, 
and  has  an  extensive  cotton  factory. 

Lancaster,  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Susque- 
hannah,  bordering  on  Maryland.     Pop.  53,927. 

Lancaster,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lancaster  co.  Penn.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  1^  m.  W 
of  Conestoga  creek,  which  falls  into  Susquehan- 
nah  river,  9  m.  S.  W.  of  the  town.  Lancaster  is 
35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Harrisburg,  22  E.  N.  E.  York,  62 
W.  Philadelphia.  Lat.  40°  3'  N.  Lon.  76°  20'  W. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  market-house,  jail,  and 
8  houses  of  public  worship,  for  German  Luthe- 
rans, German  Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopa- 
lians, Roman  Catholics,  Moravians,  Friends,  and 
Methodists.  Many  of  the  inliabitants  are  of  Ger- 
man origin,  and  speak  the  German  language. 
There  are  6  newspapers  published  in  the  town,  3 
of  which  are  in  German.  The  surrounding  coun- 
try is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated.  The  town 
contains  numerous  manufactories,  and  carries  on 
considerable  trade.  Franklin  college  was  estab- 
lished in  this  place  in  1787,  for  the  Germans,  bat 
the  building  is  now  occupied  for  schools.  Pop.  in 
1810,  5,405. 

Lancaster,  co  .  Va.  on  the  western  shore  of  Ches- 
apeake bay,  bounded  S.  by  the  Rappahannock. 
108  m.  N.  Norfolk.  Pop.  5,592.  Slaves,  3,112. 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 


LAN 

Lancoiler,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  6,318.  Slaves, 
2,646.     At  tlie  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Lancaster,  p-t.  and  cap.  Garrard  co.  Ken.  29  m. 
S.  Lexington.     Pop.  260. 

Lancaster,  p-t  and  cap.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  28  m. 
S.  E.  Columbus,  34  N.  E.  Chillicothe.  Pop.  in 
1813,  700. 

Lancaster  Sound,  on  the  W.  side  of  Baffin's  bay, 
in  lat.  74^'  N.  It  is  about  20  miles  broad  at  its 
mouth,  widening  as  yoti  proceed  to  the  west.  At 
the  distance  of  80  miles  from  its  mouth,  it  is  40  or 
50  miles  wide.  In  the  summer  of  1819,  the  expe- 
dition under  Lieut.  Parry,  succeeded  in  passing 
through  this  sound,  and  as  far  as  Lon.  110°  47'  \V. 
Lat.  74°  47'  N. 

Lancavy,  or  Lancaliuy,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  99°  40'  E.  Lat.  6'^  19'  N. 

Lancayan,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  N. 
«oast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  1 18°  9'  E.  Lat.  6°  25'  N. 

Lance  Point,  the  S.  point  of  Newfoundland,  at 
the  S.  W.  extremity  of  St.  Mary's  baj'. 

Lancebearers.  Island  of,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  138°  10'  W.  Lat.  18°  28'  S. 

Lancerota,  isl.  one  of  the  group  of  the  Canaries, 
30  miles  long  and  8  broad.     Pop.  10.000. 

Lanchesler,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  7  m.  N.  W.  Dur- 
ham.    Pop.  834, 

Lanciano,  t.  Naples,  about  4  m.  from  the  Adriat- 
ic, in  Abruzzo  Citra,  85  m.  E.  N.  E.  Rome,  84  N. 
Naples.  Lon.  14°  20  E.  Lat.  42°  12'  N.  Pop.  9,000. 

Lancut,  or  Landshui,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  Ga- 
licia,  72  m.  W.  Lemberg. 

Landa,  t.  Borneo,  on  the  river  Pontiana. 

Landaff,  or  Llandaff,  city,  Wales,  in  Glamor- 
ganshire, on  the  Taf.  Though  the  seat  of  a  bishop's 
see,  it  is  a  mere  village.  The  cathedral,  however, 
is  still  an  object  of  great  interest,  and  its  venerable 
ruins  the  study  of  the  architect  and  antiquary.  2 
m.  N.  W.  Cardiff,  30  W.  Bristol,  162  W.  London. 
Lon.  3°  13'  W.  Lat.  51°  29'  N.     Pop.  504. 

Landaff,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  9  m.  E.  Connecti- 
cut river,  62  N.  Concord.     Pop.  650. 

Landau,  a  strong  town  of  the  Bavarian  circle  of 
the  Rhine,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  near  the  Queich. 
It  was  retained  by  the  French  at  the  first  treaty  of 
i'aris  in  1814,  but  ceded  the  following  year,  and  is 
now  garrisoned  bv  troops  of  the  German  confede- 
ration. 56  m.  N."  N.  E.  Strasbui^,  347  N.  E.  Pa- 
ris.    Lon.  8°  7'  E.  Lat.  49°  12'  N.     Pop.  4,250. 

Landau,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser.  Pop.  1,250. 
Lon.  12°  37'  E.  Lat.  48°  36'  N. 

Landeck,  t.  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  and  the  county  of 
(xlatz,  on  the  Biela,  27  m.  S.  W.  Neisse.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Landclles,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  28  m.  S.  VV. 
Caen.    Pop.  1,400. 

Landtn,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  19 
ji.  S.  E.  Louvain. 

Landernau,  s-p.  France,  in  Finisterre,  23  m. 
N.  E.  Brest.  Lon.  4°  19'  W.  Lat.  48°  25'  N.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Landeron,  t.  Switzerland,  7  m.  N.  E.  Neufcha- 
tel. 

Landes,  department  in  the  S.  W.  of  France, 
Viounded  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on  its  other  sides 
Vy  the  departments  of  the  Girond,  the  Lot-and- 
<)raronne,'  the  Gers,  and  the  Lower  Pyrenees. 
Extent,  3,700  square  miles.  Pop.  240,000.  It  is 
cne  of  the  most  barren  departments  of  the  king- 
com,  nearly  three-fourths  of  it  consisting  of  heaths. 

Landes,  small  isl.  on  the  N,  W.  mast  of  France, 
]=:.  of  St.  Maloes. 


LAN 


381 


Landgrave,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  33  m.  N.  E, 
Bennington.     Pop.  299. 

Landguard,  or  Point  aux  Pins,  promontory, 
Up.  Canada,  in  Lake  Erie,  20  m.  E.  S.  E.  Foreland. 
Lon.  81°  25'  W.  Lat.  42°  7'  N. 

Landisburg,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Landi-viziau,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  10  m.  N, 
N.  W.  Morlaix.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Landivy,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  23  m.  N.  W. 
Mayenne.     Pop.  1,900. 

Landrecy,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  on  the 
Sarabre.  It  is  one  of  the  barrier  fortresses  which 
was  occupied  by  the  allied  troops,  after  the  second 
peace  of  Paris.  Pop.  2,900.  30  m.  S.  E.  Douay. 
Lon.  3°  42'  E.  Lat.  50°  22'  N. 

Landroal,  O,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  5  m.  S. 
Villa  Vicosa. 

Landsberg,  t.  E.  Prussia.  Pop.  1,300.  Lou. 
20°  30' E.  Lat.  54°  14' N. 

Landsberg,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech,  32  m.  W. 
by  N.  Munich.  Lon.  10°  51' E.  Lat.  48°  N.  Pop. 
2,600. 

Landsberg,  (on  the  Wartha,)  t.  Prussia,  m 
Brandenburg,  24  m.  E.  N.  E.  Custrin,  74  E.  Ber- 
lin.    Lon.  15°  20'  E.  Lat.  52°  48'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Landsberg,  Old,  t.  Prussia,  in  Biaudenburg,  14 
m.  E.  N,  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  48'  E.  Lat.  52°  33' 
N.     Pop.  1,300. 

Landscron,  t.  Bohemia.  Lon.  16°  21'  E.  Lat. 
49°50'N.    Pop.  2,700. 

Landscrona,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  Schonen,  with  a 
citadel  and  a  safe  harbour.  14  m.  S.  Helsing- 
borg.  Lon.  12°  46'  E.  Lat.  55°  52'  N.  Pop- 
3,800. 

Landsee,  t.  Hungary,  in  Oedenburg.  Lon.  18^ 
17' 45'' E.  Lat.  48°  12' 8"  N. 

Landsele,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  the  Greater  Andaman.  Lon.  93'' 
7'E.  Lat.l3°38'N. 

Land's-End,  in  Cornwall,  the  W.  extremity  of 
England.  It  is  6  or  7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  the 
Lizzard  Point,  290^  m.  from  London.  Lon.  5° 
45'  W.  Lat.  50°  6'  N. 

Landsford,  p-v.  Chester  district,  S.  C. 

Landshut,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser.  The  uni- 
versity of  Ingoldstadt  was  removed  to  Landshut  ia 
the  year  18(J0  ;  and  having  been  re-organised,  and 
richly  endowed  by  the  present  king,  received  the 
name  of  the  "  university  of  Louis  Maximilian." 
There  are  34  ordinary  professors,  4  extraordinary, 
and  about  600  students.  The  revenue  of  the  uni- 
versity is  derived,  in  a  great  measure,  from  the 
funds  of  the  suppressed  monasteries  ;  it  averages 
about  d,(M)l.  sterling  a-year.  32m.  N.  E.  Munich, 
36  S.  E.  Ingolstadt.  Lon.  12°  6'  E.  Lat.  48°  30' 
N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Laivdshnt,  t.  Pussia,  in  Sile?ia,  on  the  Bober, 
20  m.  W.  S.  VV,  Schweidnitz.  Lon.  15°  55'  E. 
Lat.  50°  30'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Landshut,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Theya,  40  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Brunn.     Pop,  1,500: 

Lane,  r.  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  which  runs  from 
Lough  Lane  into  Castlemain  bay. 

Lanebourg,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in  Savoy,  20  m. 
N.  N.  W,  Susa.     Pop.  600. 

Lane-End,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  4  m.  E.  by  S, 
Newcastle-under-Lyne,     Pop.  4,930. 

Lanepax,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  11  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Condom.     Pop.  1,200. 

Lanesborough,  t.  Ireland,  in  Longford,  on  the 
Shannon,  62  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dublin.  J. on.  7°  55' 
\V.  Lat.  53°  38'  N. 


388 


LAN 


Lancsborough,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  S  m- 
from  Pittsfield,  14  N.  Lenox.  Here  are  valuable 
marble  quarries.      Pop.  1,303. 

Langara,  Me  de,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about 
5  m.  N.  of  Queen  Charlotte's  island.  Lou.  226° 
59'  E.  Lat.  54°  20^  N. 

Langarron,  t  Eng.  in  Hereford,  5  m.  from  Ross. 
Pop.  796. 

Langatt,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  17  m.  S. 
St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,250. 

Langdon,  r.  Eng.  in  Durham,  which  falls  into 
the  Tees  below  Teesdale  forest. 

Langdon,  t.  Cheshire  co.  iV.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  40  m.  W.  Concord. 

Langeac,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  on  the  Al- 
lier,  12  m.  S.  Brioude.     Pop.  1,800. 

Langeais,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  on  the 
Loire,  12  m.  VV.  Tours.     Pop.  2,2;>0. 

Langeland,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  lying 
between  Zealand,  Lalaud,  and  Funen.  Rudki- 
oping  is  the  capital  Lon.  10°  50'  E.  Lat.  55°  N. 
Pop.  11,200. 

Langelsheim,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of 
Brunswick,  6  m.  N.  W.  Goslar.      Pop.  1 ,300. 

Langen,  t.  Germany,  6  m.  N.  Darmstadt.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Langenau,  Upper  and  Lower,  2  villages,  Prus- 
sia, in  Silesia,  11  m.  S.  Glatz.     Pop.  1,200. 

Langenau,  t.  Germany,  in  Wiriemberg,  10  m. 
N.  N.  E  Ulm.    Pop.  3,600. 

Langenberg,\.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  15  m.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1,600. 

Langenbrueken,  t.  Baden,  4  m.  N.  E.  Bruchsal. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Langenburg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Jaxt,  32  m. 
W.  Anspach.    Pop.  900. 

Langendorf,  v.  Hanover,  on  the  Elbe,  42  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Luneberg. 

Langenfeld,  t.  Flower  Austria,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Crems.     Pop.  1,2(X). 

Langenhorn,  v.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  12  m. 
from  Husum. 

Langen-kandel,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Pihine, 
9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Landau.     Pop.  2,400. 

Langenlois,  t.  Lower  Austria,  4  m.  N.  Crems. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Langensaha,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  the  chief  place 
ofThuringia,  on  the  Salza,  which  river  falls  into 
the  Unstrut  a  little  below.  14  m.  W.  Erfurt. 
Lon.  10°  38'  E.  Lat.  51°  7  N.     Pop.  5,400. 

Langenthal,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Berne,  18  m.  N.E. 
Berne.'  Lon.  7°  33'  E.  Lat.  47°  12'  N.  Pop.  1,800. 

Langenzenn,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  river  Zenn,  17 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Anspach.     Pop.  900. 

Lanser^aar,  v.  Netherlands,  8  m.  E.  Leyden. 
Pop.  IJOOO. 

Langer-oog,  isl.  subject  to  Hanover,  on  the  N. 
W,  coast  of  Germany.  Lon.  7°  35'  41"  E.  Lat.  53° 
44'  59"  N. 

Langesund,  s-p.  Norway,  50  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Christiania. 

Lansfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  Halifax, 
Pop.  1V5I5. 

Langfurt,  t.  W.  Prussia,  on  the  Radaune,  2  m. 
from  Dantzic.     Pop.  1,250. 

Langholm,  t.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  on  the 
Esk.     Pop.  1,800. 

Langhorn's  tavern,  p-v,  Cumberland  co.  Va. 

LangWs  Bay,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Segha- 
lien.     Lat.  47°  49'  N. 

LangWs  Peak,  mt.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island 
of  JftSKo,  7,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lon. 
t42O20'E.Lat.45°26'N. 


LAN 

Langoe,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  46  m.  from  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  68°  16'  N. 

Langognc,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  21  m.  N.  Ec 
Mende.     Pop.  2,300. 

Langon,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the  Ga- 
ronne, 9  m.  N.  Bazas.     Pop.  3,200.    • 

Langport,  t.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  on  the  river 
Parret,  near  its  junction  with  the  Ivel,  which  is 
navigable  to  the  Bristol  channel.  15  m.  E.  by  N. 
Taunton,  130  W.  by  S.  London.  Lon.  2°  49'  W. 
Lat.  51°  2' N.     Pop.  86  L 

Langres,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  40  m.  N. 
E.  Dijon.     Pop.  8,600. 

Languedoc,  before  the  revolution,  a  province 
in  the  S.  of  France,  extending  on  the  E.  to  the 
Rhone,  and  on  the  W.  to  the  Garonne.  At  the 
revolution  it  was  divided  into  the  departments  of 
Gard,  Herault,  Ardeche,  Lozere,  Tarn,  Upper 
Garonne,  and  Aude.  Extent,  16,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  2,000,000.  Vines,  olives,  and  mulber- 
ries are  here  produced  in  profusion.  The  great 
articles  of  export  are  wine  and  brandy.  The  cel- 
ebrated canal  of  Languedoc,  which  was  dug  in 
the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.  commences  near  Cette, 
and  extends  from  E.  to  W.  nearly  140  miles,  until 
it  reaches  the  navigable  part  of  the  Garonne  near 
Toulouse,  thus  effecting  a  communication  by  wa- 
ter from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Mediterranean.  There 
are  71  bridges  over  the  canal,  58  aqueducts,  and 
103  sluices.  The  most  remarkable  tunnel  in  its 
whole  course  is  at  the  hill  of  Malpas.  It  is  600  feet 
long  and  20  broad. 

Langueglia,  t,  Italy,  45  m.  S.  W.  Genoa. 

Lanier,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Lanjang,  or  Lantchang,  city,  Asia,  and  cap.  of 
Laos,  on  the  river  Mecon.  Lon.  101°  38'  E.  Lat. 
18°  30'  N. 

Lankayt,  small  isl,  near  the  W.  coast  ofCelebes. 
Lon.  119°  12°  E.  Lat.  4°  57' S. 

Lanmeur,  t.  France,  6  m.  N.  E.  Morlaix.  Pop. 
2,400. 

Lannion,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  39  m. 
W.  N.  VV.  St.  Brieux.  Lon.  3°  27'  W.  Lat.  48° 
44'  N.     Pop.  3,700. 

Lannoy,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  8  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Lille.     Pop.  950. 

La  Xoraye,  seigniory,  Warwick  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  37  m.  N.  E.  Mon- 
treal. 

Lansargii^,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  9  m.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  1,050. 

Lan.iduivn,  t.  Leeds  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  St. 
Lawrence. 

Lanserd,  v.  Mazanderan,  in  Persia,  on  the  Cas- 
pian, 10  m.  W.  Fehrabad. 

Lansing,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

Lansinburg,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N,  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  3  m.  above  Troy,  9  above  Albany.  Pop. 
1,658.  A  bridge  across  the  Hudson  connects 
Lansingburg  with  Waterford.  The  village  is 
handsomely  laid  out  on  a  plain,  and  contains  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  4  churches.  Sloops  some- 
times ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  and  it  has  con- 
siderable trade. 

Lanta,  or  Lenta,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne, 
9  m.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,450. 

Lantaghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Lamjungh.  Lon.  84" 
19' E.  Lat.  29°  5"  N. 

Lantoir,  the  chief  among  the  Banda  island?. 
See  Banda. 

Lantosca,  t.  Piedmont,  14  m.  N.  Nice.  Pop. 
1,800. 


LAP 

Lan-tsan.    See  Mecon. 

Lanrollon,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  8  m. 
S.  E.  Pontrieux.     Pop.  900. 

Lanzo,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Stura,  11  m.  N.  W. 
Turin.     Pop.  2,100. 

Lao,  t.  Cuba,  25  m.  W.  Havannah. 

Laodicea,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Fhrygia,  in 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  river  Lycus,  near  Colosse. 
From  this  city  Paul  wrote  the  first  epistle  to  Tim- 
othy.    See  Latakia. 

LaoTiy  t.  France,  cap.  of  Aisne,  near  the  Ardon, 
20  m.  N.  E.  Soissons,  77  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  3°  37' 
E.  Lat.  49°  33'  N.     Pop.  6,691. 

Laosy  a  kingdom  of  India  beyond  the  Ganges, 
extending  from  12°  to  18°  N.  lat.  and  having  Tun- 
qnin  and  Cochin-China  on  the  E.  Cambodia  on 
the  S.  Siam  on  the  W.  and  Tunquin  on  the  N. 
There  are  few  countries  of  Asia  respecting  which 
we  possess  less  accurate  knowledge.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  nominally  subject  to  Cochin-China- 

Laour,  t.  Bengal,  in  Silhet.  Lon.  84°  19'  E. 
Lat.  23°  8'  N. 

Lapa,  small  isl.  one  of  the  Sooloo  archipelago. 

Lapata.     See  Lupala. 

La  petite  J^aHon,  seigniory,  York  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  Ottawa,  65  m.  W.  Montreal. 

La  petite  Riviere,  parish,  in  Cote  de  Beaupre 
seigniory.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
34  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Laphaoy  Portuguese  settlement  on  the  W.  side 
of  Timor.  Lon.  124°  48'  36"  E.  Lat  9°  22' 
45"  S. 

Lapland,  the  most  northern  country  in  Europe, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Arctic  ocean,  E.  by  the  White 
sea,  S.  by  Sweden,  and  W.  by  Norway  and  the  At- 
lantic. Extent,  about  150,000  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
60,000.  Lapland  is  divided  into  three  parts,  call- 
ed Russian,  Swedish,  and  Norwegian.  Russian 
Lapland,  the  most  dreary  of  the  whole,  includes 
all  east  of  the  Tornea,  under  the  appellation  of 
Circle  of  Kola,  with  a  population  of  about  20,000. 
Swedish  Lapland  is  subdivided  into  6  provinces, 
called  Torneo-Lapmark,  Lulea-Lapmark,  Pithea- 
Lapmark,  Umea-Lapmark,  Jamtland-Lapmark, 
and  Asele-Lupmark ;  but  by  the  recent  division  of 
the  Swedish  territory,  the  whole  belongs  to  the 
government  of  Umea.  The  extent  is  about 
53,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  about  13,000.  Norwe- 
gian Lapland,  or  Finnmark,  now  belongs  also  to 
Sweden.  It  is  the  most  northerly  of  all,  and  may 
be  styled  Lapland  beyond  the  mountains.  It  has 
an  extent  of  27,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  about  20,000, 
or  one  to  a  square  mile. — The  part  of  Lapland 
lying  along  the  N.  shore  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia, 
consists  of  an  extensive  plain,  abounding  in  im- 
mense forests  of  spruce  and  Scots  fir;  but  at  the 
distance  of  80  miles  the  ground  becomes  gradually 
elevated,  and  is  at  last  full  of  lofty  mountains. — 
Very  few  vegetables  are  cultivated  in  tliis  inhos- 
pitable region.  The  little  grain  consumed,  is  im- 
ported from  southern  countries.  The  rein-deer 
is  the  most  valuable  gift  that  nature  has  bestowed 
on  the  poor  Laplander.  It  serves  as  the  principal 
beast  of  burden;  its  milk  is  highly  valued;  its 
flesh  supplies  the  chief  nourishment  of  the  inhab- 
itants during  part  of  the  year ;  its  sinews  are 
made  into  threail ;  and  its  skin  furnishes  a  great 
part  of  their  dress. — The  Laplanders  were  con- 
verted to  Christianity  in  the  17th  century.  Those 
of  the  Russian  province  are  professetUy  of  the 
Greek  church,  while  those  subject  to  Sweden  are 
Lutherans. 


L  A  R 


389 


LaprairiP^  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sorel,  opposite  Montreal.  The 
village  of  Laprairie,  or  La  Nativite,  contains 
about  100  houses,  and  is  very  flourishing,  being 
situated  on  the  main  road  from  Montreal  into  the 
United  States. 

Lapta,  V.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cyprus,  near  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Lapithos,  6  m.  E.  Cerina. 

Lar,  the  capital  of  Laristan,  in  Persia,  once  a 
magnificent  city,  but  now  in  ruins.  Pop.  12,000. 
Lon.  42°  35'  E.  Lat.  27^^  30'  N. 

Lara,  or  Larad,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  40  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Burgos. 

Larache.     See  Araiclie,  El. 

Larana,  v.  Tripoli,  30  m.  S.  E.  Mesurata. 

Larbert,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire,  2  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Falkirk. 

Larchamps,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  20  m.  W. 
Mayenne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Larecaja,  province,  Buenos  Ayres,  N.  of  La 
Paz. 

Laredo,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  20  m.  E.  San- 
tander.  Lon.  3°  21'  W.  Lat  43°  25'  N.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Larek,  small  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf,  10  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Ormus. 

Larenda,  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Karaman. 

Larg,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  100°  3'  E.  Lat.  3°  30'  S. 

Larga,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main.  Lon. 
76°  6'  W.  Lat.  10°  1'  N. 

Larga,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream.  Lon, 
82°  25'  W.  Lat.  24°  36'  N. 

Larga,  Punta,  or  Punla  de  Asies,  cape  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  5'  W.  Lat.  25® 
45' N. 

Largo,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  on  the  Keil,  at 
its  influx  into  the  sea.  It  has  a  harbor,  with  a 
stone  quay,  which  may  be  approached  by  vessels 
of  100  tons.     6  m.  S.  Cupar. 

Largs,  V.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  8i  m.  W.  In- 
nerkip.     Pop.  500. 

Laricaxas.    See  Larecaja. 

Larissa,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  cap.  of  Thessaly,  in  a 
beautiful  situation  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sa- 
lerabria.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop. 75  m.  S.  by  W.  Salonica.  Lon.  22°  47' 
E.  Lat.  39°  48'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Laristan,  province,  in  the  S.  of  Persia,  extend- 
ing along  the  N.  coast  of  the  gulf.  It  is  the  poor- 
est and  least  productive  province  of  the  empire. 
The  coast  is  in  the  possession  of  different  Arab 
tribes. 

Larita,  s-p.  France,  in  Mouths-of-tlie-Rhone, 
45  m.  E.  S.  E.  Toulon. 

LarWs  Point,  cape,  Lower  Canada,  in  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  Saguenay  river. 

Larkhall,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire,  4  m.  S. 
E.  Hamilton. 

Larme,  Cape  de,  promontory,  Nanles,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Calabria.     Lon.  16°  2'  E.  Lat  37°  53'  N. 

Lame,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Antrim,  on  the  Larne 
Lough,  97  m.  N.  by  E.  Dublin.  Lon.  5°  43'  W. 
Lat.  54°  51' N. 

Larnica,  t.  Cyprus,  the  second  on  the  island, 
and  the  emporium  of  its  commerce,  the  bay  on 
which'it  is  situated  forming  the  best  roadstead  in 
Cyprus.  Lon.  33°  45'  E.  Lat.  34°  56'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Lamtuka,  or  Larrentuka,  s-p.  Ende,  one  of  the 
Molucca  islands.    Lon.  122°  57'  E.  Lat,  8®  15'  S. 


390 


L  A  T 


Laros,  v.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Black  sea,  18  m.  S,  W.  Gonieh. 

Laruns,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyi'enees,  18  m. 
S.  Pau.     Pop.  1,650. 

Larwigen,  or  Lavruig,  s-p.  Norway,  on  the  riv- 
ers Laven  and  Farris.  The  harbor  is  fortified, 
and  is  a  station  for  ships  of  the  royal  navy.  Pop. 
1,900.  74  m.  S.S.W.  Christiana.  Lon.90  36'E. 
Lat.  59°  3'  N. 

Lary  Bunder,  port,  Hind,  in  Sinde,  20  m,  up 
the  river  Pitty.     Lon.  6T  35'  E.    Lat.  2A°  40'  N. 

La  Salle,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  Lower 
Canada,  12  m.  S,  Montreal. 

U  Assumption,  seigniory,  Leinster  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  16  m. 
N.  Montreal.     It  contains  about  700  houses. 

Lashom  Jamnas,  v.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 12  m.  N.  W.  Damietta. 

Lask,  or  Lasko,  t.  Poland,  17  m.  E.  Siradia,  on 
the  Niewolka.     Pop.  2,000. 

Laskestad,  small  place  in  the  island  of  Stegen, 
on  the  coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  67°  58'  N. 

Lasnon,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
near  Aix.     Pop.  2,500. 

Lassa,  the  capital  of  Thibet,  and  the  residence 
of  the  Dalai  Lama,  or  great  head  of  the  Shaman 
religion,  which  is  widely  diffused  over  the  greater 
part  of  Asia.  In  China  and  Japan  it  exists  under 
the  title  of  the  religion  of  Fo ;  but  the  authority 
of  the  Lama  is  not  there  recognized.  Lassa  is 
usually  crowded  with  royal  and  noble  personages 
from  all  parts  of  Asia,  who  come  to  present  their 
homage,  and  to  offer  splendid  presents  to  this 
earthly  divinity.     Lon.  91°  25'  E.  Lat.  29°  30'  N. 

Lassahn,  t.  Prussia,  in  Poraerania,  38  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Stralsund.  Lon.  13°  52'  E.  Lat.  53°  68'  N. 
Pop.  1,250. 

Lasselsville,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 

Lassam,  v.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java, 
419  m.  E.  Batavia. 

Lassay,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  11  m.  N.  W. 
Vilaine.     Pop.  3,000. 

Lasseure,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  6  m. 
E.  Olcron.     Pop.  2,900. 

Lastres,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spiain,  in  As- 
turias,     Lon.  5°  16'  5"  W.  Lat.  43°  34'  15"  N, 

Lasuen^  Point,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  New  Al- 
bion, in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  242°  15'  E.  Lat.  33° 
40' N. 

Laswade,  v.  Scotland,  5i  m.  S.  Edinburgh. 

Lataamga,  i.  Peru.  In  1698,  the  whole  town 
was  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  Pop.  fr.  10,000 
i«2,0<;»0.     Lon.  78°  16'  W.  Lat.  0°  55'  14''  S. 

jLalakia,  or  Ladik,  the  ancient  Laodicea,  s-p. 
Syria,  in  the  pachalic  of  Tripoli.  Pop.  a  few 
years  since,  10,000,  but  now  estimated  at  only 
4,000.  Latakia  has  supplanted  Scanderoon  as  the 
port  of  Aleppo.     Lon.  35^  50'  E.    Lat.  35°  36'  N. 

La  lessarie,  fief,  Hampshire  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  W. 
Quebec. 

Latham,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Ormskirk.    Pop.  2,514. 

Lalimers,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Buckingham,  3  m.  S. 
E.  Chesara. 

Latimore,  t,  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  666. 

Latisana,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Venetian 
territory,  13  m.  W.  S.  W.  Palmala  Nuova.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Latoan,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon.  117°  21'  E.  Lat.  7° 
16' N. 


L  A  U 

Laiouche,  Point,  point  of  land  in  Bchriiig'sbay 
Lon.  226°  44^'  E.  Lat.  59°  51'  N. 

Lutoivice,  t.  Poland,  37  m.  E.  S.  E.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Latronico,  t.  Naple?,  in  Basilicata,  22  m.  S.  W. 
Tursi.      Pop.  3,000. 

Latla  Isles,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lat.0°  3'  N.  Lon.  127°  E. 

Lattai,  or  Bickert07i's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific. 
Lon.  174°  48'  W.  Lat.  18°  47'  20''  S. 

Lattakoo.     See  Letakoo. 

Lattalatta,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  adjacent  to 
Gilolo.    Lon.  126°  50'  E.  Lat.  0°  20'  S. 

Latty  Afghany,  district,  Hind,  between  the 
provinces  of  Ajmeerand  Moultan. 

Latyczew,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bog, 
eOm.N.  W.  Braclaw. 

Laval,  t.  France,  cap,  of  Mayenne,  on  the  river 
Mayenne.  The  linen  manufacture  and  bleaching 
are  carried  on  here  to  great  extent.     Pop.  15,200. 

15  m.  S.  Mayenne,  40  W.  Le  Mans.    Lon.  0°  46' 
W.  Lat.  48°  4'  N. 

Lavaltrie,  seigniory,  Warwick  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  N.  E.  Montreal. 

Lavamunde,  t.  Austrian  lUyria,  on  the  Drave, 
39  m.  E.  Clagenfurt.  Lon.  14°  42'  E.  Lat.  46° 
43' N. 

Lavant,  r.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  which  falls  into  the 
sea,  5  m.  below  Chichester. 

Lavant,  r.  Austrian  Illyria,  which  runs  into  the 
Drave  at  Lavamunde. 

Lavardac,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  6  m. 
N.  Nerac.     Pop.  1,000. 

Lavaur,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  22  m.  N.  E.  Tou- 
louse.    Lon.  l-^  49'  E.  Lat.  43°  40'  N.  Pop.  6,200. 

Laubach,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  50 
m.  N.  E.  Mentz.     Pop,  1,400. 

Lauban,  or  Luban,  t.  Prussian  states,  62  m.  N. 
Dresden,  72  N.  N.  E.  Prague.  Lon.  14°  25'  E. 
Lat.  51°  7'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Laubegast,  v.  Saxony,  on  tbe  Elbe,  4  m.  S. 
Dresden. 

Laucha,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Unstrut. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Lauchart,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Danube,  1  m.  below  Sigmaringen, 

Laucheim,  t,  Wirtemberg,  11  m.  W.  Nordlin- 
gen.     Pop.  950. 

Lauchsladt,  t.  Prussian  Saxonj',  4  m.  W.  Merse 
berg.     Lon.  12°  1'  E.    Lat.  51°  26'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Lauda,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Tauber,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Wurzburg.     Pop.  1,150. 

Laudenbach,  t.  Wirtemberg,  20  m,  S.  Wurz- 
burg.    Pop.  900. 

Laudenbach.  v.  Baden,  12  m.  N.  E.  Manheim. 
Pop.  1,250. 

Lauder,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  on  the  Lauder, 

16  ra.  N.  by  W.  Kelso,   25  S.  by  E.  Edinburgh. 
Lon.  2°  48'  W.  Lat.  55°  45' N. 

Lauder,  or  Leader,  r.  Scotland,  in  Berwick- 
shire, which  falls  into  the  Tweed  near  Melrose. 

Lauderdale,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Tennessee  river.     Chief  town,  Florence. 

Lavello,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  90  m.  E.  by  N. 
Naples.     Pop.  2,200. 

Laven,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Lucon. 
Lon.  124°  6'E.  Lat.  14°  12' N. 

Lauenburg,  a  duchy  in  the  north  of  Germany, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  adjacent  to  Ham- 
burgh, and  included  since  1815,  in  the  dominions 
of  Denmark.  Extent,  425  sq.  miles.  Pop.  35,000. 
The  religion  is  the  Lutheran. 


LAV 


L  A  U 


391 


Lauenburg,  cap.  of  the  above  mentioned  duchy, 
is  on  the  Elbe,  35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hamburgh.  Lon. 
10°  22'  E.  Lat.  53°  21'  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Lauenburg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the 
Leba,  85  m.  E.  Colberg.  Lon.  17°  47'  45"  E.  Lat. 
53°  21' 5"  N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Lavenham,  or  Lanham,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk  co. 
61  m.  N.  E.  London.     Pop.  1,776. 

Lauenstein,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Saale,  9  m.  E. 
Hameln.     Pop.  800. 

Lavenza,  t.  States  of  Modena,  on  the  Tuscan 
sea,  2  m.  S.  W.  Carrara. 

Laverdy,  Point,  the  N.  point  of  Bougainville's 
island,  in  the  Pacilic.  Lon.  155°  43'  34^  E.  Lat. 
704'  60"  S. 

Lauf,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Pegnitz,  30  ra.  S.  E. 
Bamberg.     Pop.  1,450. 

Laufen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Inn,  63  m.  E.  by  S. 
Munich.     Pop.  2,500. 

Laufen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar.  It  has 
a  bridge  over  the  river,  which  is  considered  the 
finest  and  largest  in  Wirtemberg.  Pop.  3,500.  4 
m.  S.  Heilborn.     Lon.  9°  18'  E.  Lat.  49°  5'  N. 

Laufen,  t.  Austria,  near  the  Traun,  13  m.  SC 
Gemunden. 

Laiiffen,  t.  Austria,  in  the  duchy  of  Salzburg, 
on  the  Salza,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Salzburg.  Lon.  12^^ 
52'  E.  Lat.  47°  54'  N.     Pop.  4,700. 

Lauffen,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich,  on  the 
Rhine.  Pop.  1,400.  Here  is  a  celebrated  fall  in 
the  Rhine,     2  m.  S.  S.  W.  Schaffhausen. 

Lauffen,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Bern,  11  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Delemont.     Pop.  750. 

Lauffenburg,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  Ger- 
many, on  both  sides  of  the  Rhine.  Here  is  a  fall 
in  the  Rhine.  Pop.  1,000.  26  cti.  W.  Schaff- 
hausen. 

Laufnits,  r.  Austrian  states,  which  falls  into  the 
Raab  near  St.  Gothard. 

Laugeac,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Loire,  on  the  Al- 
Her,  14  m.  S.  Brioude.     Pop.  2,000. 

Laugharne,  s-p.  Wales,  in  Caermarthenshire, 
on  the  estuary  of  the  Taff  and  Corwen,  13  ra.  S. 
W,  Caermarthen,  230  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  27' 
W.  Lat.  51°  46' N.     Pop.  1,561. 

Laugldington,  p-t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Laughton  en  le  Montken,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire, 
8  m.  N.  W.  Worksop.     Pop.  614. 

Laviano,  v.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  27  m. 
E.  Salerno.     Pop.  1,700. 

Lauingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  22  m.  N. 
E.Ulm.     Pop.  3,600. 

Lavinia,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
/America.     Lat.  58°  14'  N. 

Lavis,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  the  Tyrol,  at  the 
oonflux  of  the  Avis  and  the  Adige,  8  m.  N.  Trent. 

Launceston,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Attery, 
ubout  3  m.  from  its  junction  with  the  Tamar,  12 
na.  N.  W.  Tavistock,  213  W.by  S.  London.  Lon. 
4°  20'  W.  Lat.  50°  38'  N.     Pop.  1,758. 

Lazmiowitz,  t.  Bohemia,  38  m.  S.  S.  E.  Prague. 

Launy,  or  Launa,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Egra,  9 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Saatz.  Lon.  13°  54'  E.  Lat.  50°  26' 
:S.     Pop.  1,850. 

Lavoro,  Terra  di,  a  large  and  populous  province 
in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  bor- 
dered by  the  Tuscan  sea  on  the  S.  W.  and  the 
Carapagna  di  Roma  on  the  N.  W.  Extent,  about 
i,720  sq.  miles.  Ilie  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  and 
j^ppears  throughout  to  be  of  a  volcanic  nature. 
The  productions  are  corn,  wine,  oil,  mulberries  ; 
i.lso  hemp,  Jlax,  and  fruit  of  various  kinds.     Ca- 


pua is  the  capital,  and  Gaeta  the  principal  sea- 
port.    Pop.  520,000. 

Laupen,  t.  Switz.  5  m.  S.  W.  Bern. 

Laupheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  13  m.  S.  W.  Ulia. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Lauradio,  t.  Portugal,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Ta- 
gus,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lisbon. 

Laurana,  or  Lovrana,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  h- 
tria,  on  the  bay  of  Flanati,  8  m.  S.  Castua.  Lon. 
14°  17'  E.  Lat.  45°  28'  N. 

Laure,  i.  France,  in  Aude,  near  Carcassonne. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Laurel,  p-t.  Sussex  Co.  Del.  on  Broad  creek,  a 
branch  of  the  Nanticoke. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-v.  Richmond  co.  N.  C. 

Laurel  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains  W.  of 
the  main  Alleghany  range.  It  extends  from  Penn- 
sylvania across  Virginia  to  Kentucky ;  then,  un- 
der the  name  of  Cumberland  mountains,  divides 
Virginia  from  Kentucky,  and  crosses  Tennessee, 
terminating  near  its  S.  border.  The  Kenhawa 
river  breaks  through  this  ridge  in  lon.  81°  19'  W. 
kit.  38°  30' N. 

Laurencekirk,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kincardineshire, 
8  m.  N.  W.  Montrose.    Pop.  1,000. 

Laurens,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  S.  W.  Coop- 
erstown,78  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,512. 

Laurens,  district,  S.  C.  between  Enoree  and  Sa- 
luda rivers.     Pop.  14,982.     Slaves,  3,308. 

Laurens,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee.  Pop.  2,210. 
Slaves,  485.     Chief  town,  Dublin. 

Laurent  de  Cerdans,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Py- 
renees, near  Bellegarde.     Pop.  1,150. 

Laurentius,  v.  Greece,  in  Magnesia,  3  m.  £. 
Drakia. 

Lauricocha,  Tunguragua,  or  False  Maranon,  r. 
S.  America,  which  rises  in  the  Andes,  in  lat  11° 
S.  and  falls  into  the  Amazon,  in  lat.  4°  55'  S.  From 
its  source  to  its  junction  with  the  Amazon  is  about 
1,000  miles. 

Lauriere,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  21  m.  N. 
E.  Limoges.     Pop.  1,200. 

Laurieston,  v.  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire,  1^  m. 
E.  Stirling.     Pop.  860. 

Laurino,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  9  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Policastro.    Pop.  2,100. 

Laurinton,  p-v.  Marlborough  co.  S.  C. 

Lausanne,  the  capital  of  the  Swiss  canton  of 
the  Pays  de  Vaud,  is  delightfully  situated  on  three 
eminences,  a  mile  N.  of  the  lake  of  Geneva.  It 
has  had  since  1536,  an  academy,  which  has  reck- 
oned several  distinguished  scholars.  In  1808,  an 
improved  form  was  given  to  this  institution,  the 
number  of  professors  being  carried  to  12.  The 
chief  branches  of  education  are  classics  and  di- 
vinity ;  there  is  also  a  professorship  of  law,  one  oi' 
natural  philosophy,  and  one  of  moral  philosophy. 
Lausanne  has  long  been  the  resort  of  strangers,  who 
are  attracted  hither  by  the  delightful  situation,  by 
the  institutions  for  education,  and  by  the  polished 
character  of  the  society.  41  m.  S.  W.  Bern.  Lon. 
6°  45'  30"  E.  Lat.  46°  31'  N.     Pop.  9,960. 

Lausanne,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on  the  Lehigh . 
Pop.  157. 

Lausig,  t.  Saxony,  20  m.  S.  E.  Leipsic.  Lon. 
12°  36'  E.  Lat.  51°  7'  N.     Pop.  1,300. 

Lauson's  store,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

Laussnitz,  t.  Saxony,  13  m.  N.  Dresden. 

Lautenburg,  t.  W.  Prussia,  4  m.  E.  Culm.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Lautenlhal,  t.  Hanover,  8  m.  W.  Goslar.  Pop. 
2,150. 

Lauter,  v.  which  rises  in  the  Vosges  mountains. 


392 


LAX 


and  forms  the  boundary  between  France  and  Ger- 
many, on  the  W.  of  the  Rhine,  into  which  it  falls 
at  Lauterburg. 

Lauter,  r.  Wirtemberg;,  which  falls  into  the 
Neckar,  6  m.  above  Esslingen. 

Lauterbach,  t.  Bohemia,  75  m.  W.  Prague.  Lon. 
12°  45'  E.  Lat.  50°  2'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Lauterbach,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  13  m.  N.  W. 
Fulda.     Pop.  2,850. 

Laulerbrunnen,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Bern,  6  m. 
3.  Intcrlacken. 

Lauterburg,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  14  m. 
S.  Landau.  Lon.  8°  14'  E.  Lat.  49°  N.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Lautereck,  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Lauter  and  the  Glan,  46 
m.  S.  Coblentz.  Lon.  7°  35'  E.  Lat.  49°  39'  N. 
Pop.  700. 

Lautershausen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Altmuhl,  9  m. 
W.Anspach.     Pop.  900. 

Lautrec,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Castres.     Pop.  3,250. 

Lauza,  v.  Brazil,  50  m.  N.  W.  Rio  Janeiro. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Lauzerte,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  17 
m.  N.  W.  Montauban. 

Lauzon,  seigniory,  Dorchester  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  tlie  confluence 
of  the  Chaudiere,  2  m.  S.  Quebec. 

Lausun,t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  17  m. 
>f.E.Marmande.  Lon.0°32'E.  Lat.  44°  38' N. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Lauahannock,  r.  Fa.  which  joins  the  E.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah  at  Pittstown,  12  m.  above 
Wilkesbarre. 

Lau-ansari,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Finland,  60 
m.  W.  Cronstadt. 

Laurence,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  S.  side  of  Ten- 
nessee river.     Chief  town,  Marathon. 

Lawrence,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Pearl  river.  Pop. 
in  1816,  1,784.  Slaves,  417.  Chief  town,  Mon- 
ticello. 

Laurence,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river.  Chief  town, 
Burlington. 

Lawrence,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  505. 

Lawrence,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Lawrence,  co.  Indiana-  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Lawrence,  co.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  White 
river.    It  is  often  called  '  the  White  river  cou' 
try.' 

Lawrence,  t  and  cap.  Lawrence  co.  Arkansaw 
Territory,  on  the  N.  side  of  Big  black  river,  50  m. 
above  its  confluence  with  White  river. 

Laurenceburg,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Pa. 

Lawrenceburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Dearborn  co.  Indi- 
ana, on  the  Ohio,  2  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Mi- 
ami river,  28  from  Cincinnati. 

Lawrence'' s,  p-v.  Southampton  oo.  Va- 

Lawrence's  hotel,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Ken. 

Lawrenceville,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  2  or  3  m.  fr. 
Pittsburg. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.  Nansemond  co.  Va. 

Laivrencevillc,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio, 

Lawrence,  St.     See  67.  Laurence. 

Lawsville,  p-t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  N.  of  Mon- 
trose.    Pop.  169. 

Laidon,  Church,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  32  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Chester.     Pop.  488. 

Laxa,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  Biobio  in  lat. 
37°  9'  S.     It  has  a  fall  of  40  fathoms. 

Laxas,  r.  S.  America,  which  enterg  tbe  bay  of 


LEA 

Laxenburg,  v.  Austria,  17  m.  S.  Vienna,  the 
usual  summer  residence  of  the  emperor. 

Layau,  t.  St.  Vincent,  on  the  W.  coast.  Lon. 
61^  18'  W.     Lat.  13°  8'  N. 

Laybach,  Government  of,  one  of  the  divisions  of 
Austrian  lUyria.     Pop.  640,000.     See  Illyria. 

Laybach,  t.  Austrian  empire,  and  cap.  of  the 
government  of  Laybach,  in  Austrian  Illyria.  It 
stands  on  the  navigable  river  of  the  same  name  ; 
has  10  churches,  2  hospitals,  a  central  school,  with 
the  privileges  of  a  university,  an  observatory,  a 
public  library,  and  a  theatre.  It  carries  on  an 
active  carrying  trade  with  Italy,  and  the  south  of 
Germany.  28  m.  N.  E.  Trieste.  Lon.  14°  46'  E, 
Lat.  46°  2' N.     Pop.  11,000. 

Layde,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  in  the 
country  of  the  Foulalis,  45  m.  S.  E.  Goumel. 

Laykan,  small  isl,  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Cele- 
bes. Lon.  119°  51'  E.  Lat.  5°  32'  S. 

Layon,  small  r.  France,  which  joins  the  Loire 
below  Chalonne. 

Layrac,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  4  m.  S. 
Agen.  Lon.  0°  45'  E.  Lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Layton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  1  m.  E.  Black- 
pool. 

Laytons,  p-v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

Lazaretto  Vecchio,  II,  small  isl.  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Venice,  formerly  called  St.  Maria  of 
Nazareth. 

Lazise,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  6  m.  W.  N.  W.  Vero- 
na, 22  N.  Mantua.     Pop.  8,000. 

Lea,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  W.  by  N.  Pres- 
ton. 

Lea,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  by  Hertford,  Ware,  &c. 
and  dividing  Essex  from  Hertfordshire  and  Mid- 
dlesex, falls  into  the  Thames  a  little  below  Black- 
wall. 

Leach,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Thames  al 
Lechdale. 

Leacock,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  9  m.  E.  Lancas- 
ter.    Pop.  2,410. 

Leacota,  Cape,  cape  of  Sicily,  60  m.  from  Point 
Mazara. 

Leaden,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Severn  op- 
posite Gloucester. 

LeadhiUs,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire.  In  the 
hills  rich  lead  mines  have  been  long  worked.  The 
number  of  bars  annually  cast  amounts,  on  an 
average,  to  about  18,000.  44  m.  S.  Glasgow,  46^ 
S.  W.  Edinburg.  Pop.  1,000. 

Leading  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Ohi» 
17  m,  above  Gallipolis. 

Leaf  river,  r.  Mississippi,  which  joins  theChick- 
asawhay  8  m.  below  the  parallel  of  31°  N.  lat.  to 
form  the  Pascagoula. 

Leaf  river,  p-v.  Green  co.  Missouri. 

Leaksville,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 

Learn,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Ouse. 

Leamington  Priors,  v.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire, 
lately  risen  into  importance  from  its  mineral 
spring,  and  now  become  one  of  the  most  fashiona- 
ble watering  places.  2  m.  E,  Warwick,  22  S.  W. 
Birmingham,  90  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  30'  W. 
Lat.  52°  32' N,  Pop,  543. 

Leao,  or  Leho,  r.  Chinese  Tartary,  which  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Leao-tong. 

Lea's,  p-v.  Granger  co.  Tennessee. 

Leasburg,  p-t.  Caswell  co.  N.  C.  80  m.  E.  Be- 
thany. 

Leasey  Point,  cape,  Eng.  on  tiie  W.  coast  of 
Lancashire,  N.  of  the  island  of  Walney. 

Leatherhead,  t.  Eng.  in  Surrey,  18  m.  S.  W. 
London.    Pop.  1,209. 


LEG 


LEE 


39^ 


Leath  Water,  or  Withburn,  lake,  Eng.  in  Cum- 
berland, S.  E.  of  Keswick. 

Leba,  r.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  which  flows  into 
the  Baltic. 

Leban,  v.  Palestine,  15  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Lebanon.     See  Libanus. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  the  Piscata- 
qua,  28  m.  N.  VV.  York.     Pop.  1,938. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  ^.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White  river,  4  m.  be- 
low Dartmouth  collesre.     Pop.  1,808. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  VVin'dhara  co.  Ct.  9  m.  N.  W.  Nor- 
wich, 30  S.  E.  Hartford.  Pop.  2,580.  It  is  an 
excellent  agricultural  township.  It  contains  4 
churches,  3  for  Congregalionalists,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists, and  an  academy. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35  m.  S.  W. 
Utica,  115  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,634. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,409. 

Lebanon,  co.  Pa.  formed  from  Dauphin  and 
Lancaster  counties. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  borough,  and  cap.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 
on  Quitapahilla  creek,  25  m.  E.  Harrisburg,  82 
W.  N.  W.  Philadelphia.  Pop.  of  the  borough, 
1,434.  The  Schuylkill  and  Siisquehannah  rivers 
are  connected  at  this  place,  by  a  canal  between 
the  Quitapahilla  and  the  Tulpehocken,  a  branch 
of  Schuylkill  river. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Geo. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wilson  co.  Ten.  25  m.  E. 
Nashville.     In  the  vicinity  is  an  academy. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Ken. 

Lebanon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  25  m. 
S.  Dayton,  80  S.  W.  Columbus,  18  E.  Hamilton, 
34  N.  Cincinnati.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  2  churches,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Meth- 
odists, a  bank,  2  market-houses,  a  printing  office, 
and  a  public  library. 

Lebanon,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  460. 

Lebanon,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  Jeffer- 
son. 

Lebbeke,  t  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  3  m. 
S.  by  E.  Dendermonde.  Pop.  3,150. 

Lebe  Bay,  small  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Bal- 
tic, between  the  gulf  of  Dantzic  and  the  island  of 
Rugen.  Lou.  Vi'^  29'  E. 

Lebedjan,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  at  the  con- 
ijuence  of  the  Moksch  and  the  Oka.  Lon.  39°  25' 
15"  E.  Lat.  53°  49'  30"  N.  Pop.  2,500. 

Lebedin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Slobodsk-Ukraine,  70 
Bi.  N.  W.  Charkov.  Pop.  9,000. 

Lebiar,  district,  W.  Africa,  100  m.  E.  N.  E. 
I'ortendick. 

Lebida,  (an.  Leptis  Magna,)  s-p.  Tripoli,  in  Af- 
rica, 30m.E.  S.  E.  Tripoh. 

Lebo,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  Pacific  in  lat 
37°  57'  S. 

Le  boeuf.     See  Waterford,  Pa. 

Lebrixa,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20  m.  S.  Se- 
ville. Lon.  5°  58'  W.    Lat.  37°  4'  N.    Pop.  6,000. 

Lebus,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
the  Oder,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Custrin.  Lon.  14°  45'  E. 
I,at.  52°  28' N.     Pop.  1,100. 

Lecce,  city,  Naples,  in  Otrantn,  It  is  a  bish- 
op's see,  and  the  residence  of  the  governor  of  the 
province.  The  surrounding  district  is  of  great 
fertility,  and  produces  flax  and  tobacco.  The  flax 
ii  spun  and  manufactured  into  laco  in  the  town. 
17  m.  W.  Otranto,  28  S.  E.  Brindisi.  Lon.  18°  36' 
I).  Lat.  40°  36'  N.  Pop.  14,000. 

Lecco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  on  the 
lake  of  Como,  14  m.  E.  N.  E.  Como.  Lon.  9°  23' E. 
tat.  45"  5'  N.  Pop.  4.000. 

50 


Lech,  r.  Bavaria,  which  joins  the  Danube  5  m, 
below  Donawert. 

Lechel,  t.  Bavaria,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Mu- 
nich. Pop.  2,250. 

Lechenich,  (an.  Legionacum,)  t.  Prussian  prov- 
ince of  Cleves-and-Berg,  11  m.  S.  S.  W.  Cologne. 
Pop.  1,050. 

Lechhausen,  v,  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech,  opposite 
Augsburg.  Pop.  800. 

Lechlnde,  or  Leac/ilade,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester 
CO.  on  the  "rhames,  12  m.  E.  Cirencester,  and  75 
W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  1°41'  W.  Lat.5P41'N. 
Pop.  993. 

Lechones  Os,  small  islands  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Portugal.  Lon.  8°  25'  E.  Lat.  41°  43'  N. 

Leek,  an  outlet  of  the  Rhine,  which  separates 
from  that  river  near  Wick,  and  falls  into  tlie 
Maese  above  Rottf  rdam. 

Lecioure,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  on  the  river  Gers, 
16  m.  N.  Auch.  Lon.  0°  38' 26"  E.  Lat.  43°  56' 
54"  N.    Pop.  5,500. 

Lectoure,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  on  the  river  Tarn, 
near  Alby.    Pop.  1,500. 

Leczna,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Wieprz,  15  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Lublin.     Pop   1,500. 

Leda,  r.  Hanover,  which  falls  into  the  Ems 
near  Leerort. 

Leda,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  6° 
50' S. 

Ledbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester  co.  16  m.  N.  W. 
Gloucester,  120  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  25'  W. 
Lat.  52°  2' N.  Pop.  3,186. 

Ledder,  r.  Wales,  which  falls  into  the  Conway 
12  m.  S.  Aberconway. 

Lede,  v.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  8  m.  S. 
W.  Dendermonde.  Pop.  3,300. 

Ledeghem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  12 
m.  E.  Ypres.  Pop.  3,150. 

Ledtsmn,  (an.  Bletisa,)  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  18  m-, 
W.Salamanca.    Pop.  1,800. 

Ledelscfi,  t.  Bohemia,  50  m.  S.  E.  Prague.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Ledianaia,  bay  of  the  Frozen  ocean,  on  the 
coast  of  Nova  Zembla.  Lon.  59°  14'  E.  Lat.  76<^ 
40'  N. 

Ledianoi,  cane  on  the  coast  of  Nova  Zembla-. 
Lon.  73^  24' E."  Lat.  78°  N. 

Leditz.     See  Litiz. 

Ledniiz,  t.  Hungary,  80  m.  N.  N.  E.  Presburg. 

Ledsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4i  m.  N.  W. 
Ferrybridge. 

Ledwick,  r.  Eng.  which  joins  the  Teme,  5  m.  S. 
Ludlow. 

Lee,  r.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  which  runs  into  the 
Wever,  2  m.  N.  Nantwich. 

Lee,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Cork  harbour. 

Lee,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
tine. 

Lee,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  N.  W.  Ports- 
mouth.  Pop.  1,329. 

Lee,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  5  m.  S.  E.  Lenox, 
140  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,305.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Housatonnuc. 

Lee,  t.  Oneida  CO.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  W.  Rome. 

Lee,  Fort,  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson,  9  nw 
above  Bergen. 

Lee,  CO.  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Va.  Pop.  4,694. 
Slaves,  336.  Chief  town,  Jonesville.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Lee^s  Mark,  rocks  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  Mosquito  shore.  Lon.  82°  10' W.  Lat,  14^ 
10'  N. 


394 


LEE 


LEG 


Leebyran,  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  118°  12' E.  Lat.  6°  I'N. 

Leech  lake,  small  lake,  Missouri  Territory,  one 
of  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi. 

Leeds,  a  large  ti-ading  and  manufacturing  t.  Eng. 
in  the  W.  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  the  principal  seat 
of  the  woollen  trade  in  the  kingdom.  Its  situation 
is  peculiarly  favourable  for  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. The  river  Aire,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
S.  is  navigable  from  the  Humber  up  to  the  town, 
whence  the  Leeds  and  Liverpool  canal  proceeds 
on  the  other  hand  to  the  W.  The  cloth  halls  are 
the  most  remarkable  buildings  in  Leeds.  It  is 
here  that  all  the  great  sales  of  woollen  cloth  take 
place.  The  halls  are  open  only  two  days  in  the 
week,  and  for  about  an  hour  and  a  half  each  time  ; 
vet  in  this  short  period  transactions  are  often  com- 
pleted to  the  amount  of  15,000/.  or  20,000Z.  The 
first  stages  of  the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloth  are 
carried  on  in  the  towns  and  villages  in  the  sur- 
rounding district,  where  the  wool  goes  through 
the  operations  of  spinning,  weaving,  and  fulling. 
From  all  tliese  scattered  establishments,  the  cloth 
is  sent,  in  its  rough  state,  to  Leeds,  where  it  is  fin- 
ished. Besides  the  woollen  manufacture,  here 
are  several  cotton  mills.  Here  are  likewise  man- 
ufactures for  flat  and  green  glass,  and  for  fine  and 
coarse  pottery  goods.  Several  foundries  have  been 
erected ;  and  there  is  a  large  manufacture  of 
f^teara  engines.  The  borough  of  Leeds,  which 
comprises  the  whole  parish,  is  governed  by  a 
mayor,  12  aldermen,  and  24  common-councilmen. 
It  sends  no  member  to  parliament.  Since  1775, 
the  population  of  Leeds  has  more  than  doubled. 
In  1801,  it  was  30,669,  and  in  1811,  35,950  ;  that 
of  the  town  and  parish  being  in  the  same  vcars 
53,162,  and  62,534.  8  m.  N.  Wakefield,  9  E.  Brad- 
ford, 17  E.  by  N.  Halifax,  24  S.  W.  York,  196  N. 
W.  London.     Lon.   1°  34'  W.     Lat.  53°  48'  N. 

Leeds,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  37  m. 
S.  Quebec. 

Leeds,  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Leeds,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Leeds  co.  Up.  Can- 
ada, on  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  watered  by  Ga- 
nanoque  river,  which  has  a  good  harbor. 

Leeds,  t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggui,  20  m.  S.  W.  Augusta.  Pop.  1,273. 

Leeds,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Atlantic,  4 
m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  Mulicus  river. 

Leeds,  or  Leedstoini,  p-t.  Westmoreland  co.  Va. 
14  m.  E.  Port  royal,  40  S.  E.  Fredericksburg,  70 
N.  E.  Richmond.  Near  this  place  is  a  famous 
course  for  horse  racing. 

Leefdaal,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  5 
m.  S.  W.  Lou  vain.     Pop   1,200. 

Leefoga,  one  of  the  Hapaee  islands  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean.     Lon.  185°  40'  E.  Lat.  19°  49'  S. 

Letgr'taii,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  118°  40' E.  Lat.  4°  10' N. 

Leekeem,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo.   Lon.  118°  16' E.   Lat.  6^9' N. 

Leek,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  silk  and  mohair,  comprising  buttons,  fer- 
rets, handkerchiefs,  twists,  ribbons.  31  m.  S.  by 
W.  Manchester,  155  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  i' 
W,  Lat.  53°  6'  N.  Pop.  3,703. 

Leek,  v.  Netherlands,  8  m.  S.  W.  Groningen. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Leek,  Frith,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafibrdshire,  5  m.  N.  by 
W.  Leek. 

UEpinay,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada, 
26m.E.  Quebec. 


L'Epinay,  fief,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Camada,  B 
m.  N.  W.  Quebec. 

Leer,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Leda,  which  falls  into 
the  Ems  a  little  below.  14  m.  S.  E.  Embden.  Lon. 
7°  25'  E.  Lat.  53°  13'  N. 

Leerdam,  t.  Netherlands,  11  m.  S.  Utrecht.  Fop. 
2,000. 

Leesburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Loudon  co.  Va.  4  ra.  S, 
W,  Potomac  river,  27  fr.  Fredricktown,  (Md.)  46 
N.  W.  Alexandria. 

Leesburg,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Tennessee. 

Leesburg,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

Leesburg,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

Leesburg,  p-t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

Leesburg,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Lee^s  Island,  small  isl.  Va.  in  the  Potomac,  2  m. 
S.  E,  Thorpe.     It  belongs  to  Fairfax  co. 

Lee's  mills,  p-v.  Washington  co.  N.  C. 

Leetakoo,  or  Laltakoo,  t.  South  Africa,  the  only 
place  yet  known  to  us  in  the  country  of  the  Bo- 
shuanas.  Its  first  discovery  was  in  1801.  Since 
that  time  it  has  been  visited  by  Dr.  Lichtenstein 
and  Mr.  Campbell.  It  contains  between  7,000 
and  8,000  inhabitants.  Lon.  27°  E.  Lat  26° 
30'  S. 

Leeuwarden,  or  Liewerden,  t.  Netherlands,  cap. 
of  the  province  of  Friesland,  on  the  river  Ee.  28 
m.  W.  Groningen.     Lon.  5°  43'  E.  Lat.  53°  12'  N. 

Leeuwen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland,  11m, 
W.  Nimeguen.     Pop.  1,500. 

Leeuwen,  or  Leau,  t,  Netherlands,  in  South 
Brabant,  25  m.  E.  Brussels.     Pop.  1,20(}. 

Lecuwin,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Holland 
Lon.  115°  6' E.    Lat.  34°  19' S. 

Lefchimo.     See  Eleusis. 

LeJ'ka,  v.  Cyprus,  the  site  of  one  of  the  4  cities 
bearing  the  name  of  Arsinoe.  28  m,  N.  N.  E- 
Baffa. 

Leghea,  t.  Nubia,  16  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dongola. 
Lon.  29°  30'  E.  Lat.  20°  6'  N. 

Leghorn,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Italy,  in  the 
grand  duchy  of  Tuscany.  It  is  situated  in  a 
marshy  district.  On  the  side  of  the  sea  it  is  well 
fortified,  but  towards  the  land  it  is  merely  inclosed 
by  a  stone  rampart.  The  maritime  accommoda- 
tions consist  of  a  roadstead,  an  outer  and  an  inner 
harbour.  The  outer  harbour,  which  is  the  real 
port,  is  difficult  to  enter,  and  is  frequently  encum- 
bered with  mud.  Leghorn,  thougli  far  from  the 
largest  city,  is  perhaps  the  greatest  commercial  de- 
pot of  Italy.  It  is  the  residence  of  consuls  fronk 
the  principal  states  of  Europe,  and  the  chief  me- 
dium of  Italian  commerce  with  the  Levant  and  the 
coast  of  Barbary.  It  is  annuaUy  visited  by  up- 
wards of  4,000  vessels,  great  and  small.  It  sup- 
plies the  interior  of  Italy  with  the  produce  of  the 
rest  of  Europe,  of  the  Levant,  and  of  the  colonies. 
The  chief  branch  of  manual  industry  is  the  work- 
ing of  coral  and  alabaster.  The  population  in 
1819,  was  about  50,000,  of  whom  8,000  were  J  ews. 
15  m.  S.  W.  Pisa,  47  W.  S.  W.  Florence,  and  140 
N.  N.  W.  Rome.  Lon.  10^  16'  E.     Lat.  43°  33'  N. 

Legnago,  a  fortified  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Ve- 
ronese, divided  by  the  Adige  into  two  parts.  22 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Verona.  Lon.  10°  59'  E.  Lat.  45°  11' 
N.     Pop.  6,350. 

Legnano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  14  m.  fr.  Milan. 

Le  CrouJ/Vf,  seigniory,  Northumberland  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  54 
m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Legrad,  t.  Hungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Drave  and  the  Muhr.  15  va.  E.  VavP^din, 


L  E  I 

Legua,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Marennes.     Pop.  1,500. 

Legiievin,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Toulonse. 

Legumo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  on 
the  Lago  Mag^iore,  41  m.  N.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Lehe,  or  Bremerlehe,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Weaer, 
32  m.  N.  Bremen.     Pop.  1,350. 

Leheru,  t.  Baden,  3  m.  N.  W.  Freyburg. 

Lehigh^  co.  Pa.  on  Lehigh  river,  inclosed  by  the 
counties  of  Northampton,  Buck?,  Montgomery, 
Berks,  and  Schuylkill. 

Lehigh,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,188. 

Lehigli,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Delaware  at 
Easton,  after  a  course  of  75  miles.  It  is  uuvigable 
30  miles. 

Lehigh  gap,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Lehrberg,  t.  Bavarian  states,  5  m.  N.  W.  Ans- 
pach.    Pop.  900. 

Leibnitz,  t.  Austrian  states,  16  m.  S.  Gratz. 
Lon.  14°  49'  15"  E.  Lat.  46°  47'  28"  N.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Leicester,  an  inland  county  of  England,  nearly 
in  the  centre  of  the  kingdom.  It  is  mo«t  distin- 
guished as  an  agricultural  county,  and  in  that  de- 
partment particularly  which  relates  to  the  breed- 
ing and  feeding  of  stock.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  counties  of  Derby  and  Nottingham,  S.  by 
Warwick  and  Northampton,  E.  by  l^incoln  and 
Rutland,  and  W.  by  Warwick  and  Derby.  Ex- 
tent, 816  square  miles,  or  522,000  acres.  The 
minerals  are  chiefly  coal  and  lime  ;  the  mines  are 
situated  near  the  borders  of  Derbyshire.  The 
manufactures  of  Leicestershire  are  almost  entire- 
ly of  wool.  Pop.  in  1801,  130,082;  and  in  1811, 
150,419;  of  whom  11,700  families  were  employed 
in  agriculture,  17,027  jn  trade  and  manufactures, 
and  2,753  otherwise. 

Leicester,  t.  Eng.  the  capital  of  Leicestershire, 
on  the  Soare,  in  the  centre  of  the  finest  wool  dis- 
trict in  the  kingdom.  Between  7,0<X)  and  8,000 
persons  are  employed  here  in  the  various  branch- 
es of  the  hosiery  business.  In  prosperous  times, 
libout  5,000  dozen  stockings  are  maniifactured  per 
week.  Pop.  in  1801,  16,953;  in  1811,  23,146; 
of  whom  428  families  were  employed  in  agricul- 
ture, 4,090  in  manufactures,  and  355  otherwise. 
98  m.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  9'  W.  Lat.  52° 
38' N. 

Leicester,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek,  42 
n.  N.  W.  Windsor.     Pop.  609. 

Leicester,  p-t.  W^orcester  co.  Mass.  6  m.  W.  Wor- 
cester, 46  W.  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,181.  It  contains 
in  academy,  and  3  houses  for  public  worship,  1  for 
Congregationalists,  1  for  Anabaptists,  and  1  for 
Priends.  The  academy  was  incorporated  in 
1784,  and  is  well  endowed.  It  has  usually  about 
100  students.  The  building  is  large  and  hand- 
iome,  3  stories  high,  in  a  pleasant  village,  near 
the  meeting-house.  Wool  cards  are  manufactur- 
ed in  this  town  to  a  large  amount. 

Leicester,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee  riv- 
er, 21  m.  S.  E.  Batavia,  240  W.  Albany.  Pop, 
927.  It  has  2  villages,  Moscow,  and  Mount  Mor- 
)-is,  and  3  Presbyterian  churches. 

Leicester  Island,  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
Holland.     Lon.  150°  25'  E.  Lat.  22°  13'  S. 

Leichlingen,  v.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves  and 
Berg,  4  m.  S.  Sohlingen.     Pop.  2,300. 

Leigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  12  m.  W.  Man- 
«;hester,  6  S.  E.  Wigan,  199  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2°  30'  W,  Lat.  53°  30'  N.     Pop.  1,960. 

Leigh,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Essex,  17^  ra.  S.  E.  Che'lms- 
tord.    Pop.  702, 


L  EI 


395 


Leighiin,  or  OMLeighlin,  t.  Ireland,  in  Carlow 
CO.  the  see  of  a  bishop.  9  m.  N.  E.  Kilkenny,  8  S. 
S.  W.  Carlow. 

Leighiin  Bridge,  v.  Ireland,  in  Carlow  co.  on 
the  Barrow,  7  m.  S.  Carlow. 

Leighlon  Buzzard,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedford  CO.  41  m, 
N.  W.'  London.  Lon.  0°  40'  W.  Lat.  51°  53'  N, 
Pop.  2, 114. 

Lein,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  on 
the  Lahn,  4  m.  N.  E.  Weilburg. 

Lcinach,  Lower,  v.  Bavarian  states,  near  Wurz- 
burg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Leine,  r.  liower  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the 
AUer  2  m.  below  Zelle. 

Leiningen,  t.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  SO 
m,  S.  Mentz. 

Leinster,  the  eastern  province  of  Ireland.  It 
contains  the  following  counties,  viz.  Louth,  Meath, 
Dublin,  Wicklow,  Wexford,  Kilkenny,  Carlow, 
Kildare,  Queen's  county.  King's  county.  West 
Meath,  and  Longford. 

Leinster,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Leipn,  t.  Bohemia,  47  m.  S.  E,  Dresden.  Lon. 
14°  43'  E.  Lat.  50°  39'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Leipheim,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  12  m, 
N.  E.UIm.     Pop.  1,150. 

Leipnick,  t.  Moravia,  6  ra.  N.  E.  Prerau.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Leipsic,  Circle  of,  a  province  of  the  kmgdom  of 
Saxony,  bounded "E.  by  the  circle  of  Meissen,  S. 
by  that  of  the  Erzgebirg,  and  the  principality  of 
Altenburg,  and  W.  and  N.  by  the  Prussian  part  of 
Saxony.     Extent,  1,537  sq.  miles.     Pop.  217,000. 

Leipsic,  or  Leipsic,  city.  Saxony,  in  a  plain,  on 
the  river  Pleisse.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  but 
has  long  been  dismantled.  The  town  is  divided  in- 
to four  quarters,  has  four  handsome  free-stone 
gates,  eight  churches,  six  hospitals,  and  one  spa- 
cious square.  The  university  of  Leipsic  was 
founded  in  1409.  The  number  of  regular  profes- 
sors is  27,  exclusive  of  extra  professors,  private 
lecturers,  and  teachers  of  the  living  languages 
and  fashionable  exercises.  The  number  of  stu- 
dents varies  from  900  to  1,200;  but  the  library 
contains  only  about  40,000  volumes.  There  are 
several  literary  and  scientific  societies  in  Leipsic, 
such  as  the  belles  lettres,  the  economical,  the  phi- 
lological, the  Linnean,  the  Collegium  Philobibli- 
cum,  and  the  academy  of  the  fine  arts.  Leipsic  is 
the  chief  commercial  city  in  the  interior  of  Ger- 
many, its  central  position  and  other  circumstances 
having  made  it  a  general  entrepot.  A  great  part 
of  its  business  is  carried  on  at  the  three  great 
fairs,  which  take  place  at  the  new  year,  p:aster, 
and  Michaelmas.  These  fairs  are  attended  by  an 
immense  concourse  of  people,  not  only  from  every 
town  of  consequence  in  Germany,  but  from  other 
countries.  From  Bohemia  are  brought  glass-ware 
and  linens;  from  Silesia  chiefly  linens;  from  Po- 
land, leather,  wax,  and  wool ;  from  Prussia  and 
Pomerania,  woollen  and  silken  stuffs ;  irom  Nu- 
remburg,  toys  ;  from  Siiabia,  linen  and  jewelle- 
ry; from  Austria  and  Hungary,  leather,  wine, 
and  dye  stuffs ;  from  Switzerland,  woollen,  silken, 
and  linen  stufls;  from  Russia,  leather,  skins,  furs, 
hemp  and  flax;  from  Italy,  silk;  from  France, 
lace  and  millinery  ;  and  from  England,  Holland, 
and  Hamburg,  colonial  produce,  printed  cottons, 
and  hardware.  Tlie  total  value  of  the  busi- 
ness transacted  here  in  a  year  is  computed  at 
18,000,000  of  dollars,  or  3,000,000/.  sterling,  exclu- 
8ive  of  the  book  trade,  which  forma  a  remarkable 


396 


L  E  I 


L  E  N 


and  a  peculiar  object  in  the  commerce  of  Leipsic. 
Here  thr  booksellers  of  every  large  town  in  Ger- 
many assemble  at  the  Easter  fair,  each  bringing  a 
portion  of  the  books  printed  by  him  since  the  last 
year.  These  they  exchange  for  other  books. 
Foreign  books  are  likewise  bought  and  sold  at  the 
Leipsic  fair.  The  number  of  booksellers  settled 
at  Leipsic  is  between  fifty  and  sixty.  The  num- 
ber from  other  parts  who  attend  the  fair,  varies 
from  200  to  300.  The  new  publications  exhibited 
for  sale,  are  computed  at  an  average  of  5,000  dis- 
tinct works ;  and  the  value  of  tFie  books  sold  or 
exchanged,  is  about  200,000/.  in  a  year. 

Leipsic;  and  its  neighbourhood  have  been  re- 
peatedly the  scene  of  military  conflicts.  The 
most  celebrated  was  that  between  the  French  and 
allies,  on  the  16th  Oct.  1813.  The  opposing  masses 
were  the  greatest  of  which  we  read  in  authentica- 
ted history ;  the  allies  were  240,000  strong,  the 
French  were  160,000.  The  French  were  defeat- 
ed, with  the  loss  of  40,000  or  50,000  men,  in  kill- 
ed, wounded  and  prisoners.  64  m.  W.  by  N.  Dres- 
den, 90  S.  by  W.  Berlin,  180  E.  N.  E.  Frankfort 
on  the  Maine.  Lon.  \2^  21'  E.  Lat31°  20'  N. 
Pop.  33,000. 

Leismg,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Leipsic.  Lon.  12°  50'  E.  Lat.  51°  7'  N.  Pop. 
2,550. 

Ltiston,  parish,  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  4  m.  E.  by  S. 
Saxraundham. 

Leith,  t.  Scotland,  in  Edinburgh  co.  and  the 
seaport  of  Edinburgh,  about  2  m.  N.  E.  of  the  me- 
tropolis, on  the  Water  of  Leith,  at  its  confluence 
with  the  frith  of  I  orth.  The  harbor  has  been 
gradually  improved,  according  to  the  increase  of 
shipping  and  trade.  In  1800,  a  magnificent  suit 
of  wet  docks  was  planned,  and  the  first  of  these 
beautiful  basins,  250  yards  in  length,  by  100  in 
breadth,  sufficient  to  accommodate  40  ships  of  200 
tons,  was  opened  for  the  ute  of  the  shipping  in 
1806;  a  second  dock  has  been  since  completed, 
and  was  opened  in  1817.  The  harbour  of  Leith 
has  only  nine  feet  depth  of  water  at  neap  tides, 
and  sixteen  at  spring  tides. 

Leith  carries  on  an  extensive  trade  with  the 
Baltic,  Holland,  France,  Spain,  Portugal,  and  the 
Mediterranean;  also  with  the  West  Indies  and 
America,  besides  a  great  coasting  trade,  to  the 
different  parts  of  England  and  Scotland.  The 
Greenland  fishery  is  also  prosecuted  with  great 
activity.  It  has  several  extensive  rope  walks  and 
canvas  manufactories  ;  six  or  seven  glass-houses, 
where  bottles  and  flint  glass  are  manufactured  in 
great  quantities ;  sugar  refineries,  soap  works, 
and  several  breweries.  The  number  of  vessels 
that  traded  at  the  port  of  Leitfi  for  the  year  1818, 
was  4,41 1.  Pop.  of  the  parishes  of  North  and 
South  Leith,  20,363.  Lon.  3°  12'  W.  Lat.  55° 
58' N. 

Lrithrn,  small  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
Tweed,  \  m.  below  Inverleithe)!. 

Leitrim,  co.  b-eland,  bounded  S.  by  Roscommon 
and  Sligo,  W.  by  the  bay  of  Donegal,  N.  by  Done- 
gal and  P^efman;i;rh,  and  F..  S.  E.  by  Cavan  and 
Longford.  Extent,  407,260  acres.  Pop.  about 
70,000.  The  Catholics  are  to  the  Protestants  as 
30  to  1. 

Leitrim,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  Shannon,  3  m.  N. 
Carrick. 

LeitzkaUj  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  14 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Ma-dftburg.     Pop,  1,100, 

Leixtip,  1.  Ir':l-uhl,  in  K;ldare,  at  the  confluence 
df  the  Rye  ami  Liffey^  8  m.from  Dublin. 


Lekkerkirk,  v.  Netherlands,  on  the  Lech,  8  m. 
E.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,300. 

Lelesz,  t.  Hungary,  30m.E.  N.E.  Tokay.  Lon, 
22°  2' E.     Lat.  47°  23' N. 

Lelow,  t,  Poland,  32  m.  N.  W.  Cracow. 

Lelunda,  r.  Congo,  in  Africa,  which  passes  by 
the  ca])ital,  St.  Salvador,  and  falls  into  the  Atlan- 
tic a  little  S.  of  the  Zaire. 

Lema  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
near  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon.  108°  48'  E. 
Lat.  1°  10'  S. 

Leman,  the  French  name  of  thelalce  of  Geneva, 
derived  from  the  Xatin  Lcmannus.  It  was  also 
the  name  of  a  department  of  the  French  empire, 
under  Bonaparte. 

Ltmay  s  cross-roads,  p-v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 

Lembeke,  v.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  22 
m.  S.  E.  Ghent.     Pop.  2,600. 

Lemberg,  city,  Austrian  Poland,  formerly  cap. 
of  Red  Russia,  and  now  of  Galicia,  stands  on  the 
Pelten,  a  branch  of  the  Dniester.  It  is,  next  to 
Brody,  the  greatest  trading  town  of  Galicia.  Its 
lair,  which  is  held  during  Lent,  is  on  a  very  large 
scale,  and  the  business  transacted  at  it  is  immense. 
Here  is  the  principal  thoroughfare  from  Odessa, 
and  other  Russian  ports  on  the  Black  sea,  to  Vi- 
enna and  the  rest  of  Germany.  72  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Chelm,  156  E.  Cracow,  300  S.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 
Lon.  24°  8'  E.  Lat.  49°  51'  N.  Pop.  44,000,  of 
whom  15,000  are  Jews. 

Lemgo,  t.  Westphalia,  in  Lippe  Detmold.  It 
was  formerly  one  of  the  Hanse  towns.  Here  is  a 
considerable  trade  in  printing  and  bookselling. 
Pop.  3,400.  17  m.  S.  Minden.  Lon.  8°  44'  E. 
Lat.  52°  2'  N. 

X,emta,small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat.  44°  6'  S. 

Lemingion,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  64m.  N.  E.  Montpeliej.     Pop.  132. 

Ltmlem.     See  Melli. 

Lemloon,  v.  Irak  Arabi,  on  the  Euphrates,  about 
midway  between  Bassora  and  Hillah. 

Lemmer,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  20  m.  S. 
Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1,800. 

Lemnos,  Stalimene,  or  Limye,  isl.  Eu.  Turkey, 
in  the  archipelago,  between  xMonte  Santo  and  the 
Plellespont,  15  miles  long,  and  about  11  broad. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Lemon,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river,  10 
.m  above  Hamilton. 

Lemon  Rock,  rock  near  the  S.  W,  coast  of  Ire- 
land.    Lon.  10°  18'  W.  Lat.  51°  45'  i\. 

Lemps  le  Grand,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  18  m.  N. 
W.  Grenoble.      Pop.  1,700. 

Lsmpsier,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  40  m.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  854. 

Lempta,  (an.  Leptis  Parva,)  s-p.  Tunis,  60  m. 
S.  Tunis. 

Lemptuna,  or  Lempta,  country  in  the  des«rt  pf 
Africa,  S.  of  Tunis. 

Lemwig,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  84  m. 
N.  Ribe.     Lon.  8°  28'  E.  Lat.  56°  44'  N. 

Len,  r.  Eng.  in  Kent,  which  falls  into  the  Med- 
way  at  Maidstone. 

Lena,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  rises  in  the  moun- 
tains N.  W.  of  Lake  Baikal,  lon.  108°  14'  E.  lat. 
50°  20'  N.  and  falls  into  the  Frozen  ocean,  lon. 
1 17°  14'  E.  lat.  73°  N.  Its  entire  course  is  nearly 
2,000  miles. 

Lencloistre,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  14  m.  N.  Poi- 
tiers.    Pop.  2,150. 

Lenczicz,  t.  Poland,  77  m.  W.  Warsaw.  Lon. 
19°  10'  E.  Lat,  52°  12'  N.     Pop.  2,250. 

LerJiyiara,  t.  Austrian  Italv,  8  m.  W.  Rovigo. 
Pop.  5,000. 


LEO 


L  E  P 


397 


Lenes,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lat. 
67°  40'  N. 

Lenge/eld,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  Vogtland,  10  m.  N. 
E.  Plauen.     Pop,  2,100. 

Lengefeld,  t.  Saxony,  35  m.  S.  W.  Dresden. 

Lengsfdd,  t.  Saxe-Weimar,  on  the  Werra,  16 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Eisenach.     Pop.  1,750. 

Lengua,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  tke  gulf 
of  Venice.     Lon.  19°  36'  E.  Lat.  40°  44'  N. 

Lenham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent  co.  10  m.  E.  Maidstone, 
44  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  44'  E.  Lat.  51°  14'  N. 
Pop.  1,509. 

Lenkroon,  port  of  Ghilan,  in  Persia,  on  the  Cas- 
pian, 110  m.  N.  W.  Reshd. 

Lenkersheim,  t.  Bavarian  states,  14  m.  N.  An- 
spach. 

Lennepf  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  22  m.  E.  by  S.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  7°  18'  E. 
Lat.  51°  9'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Lennik,  St.  Martin,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South 
Brabant,  11  m.  S.  W.  Brussels.     Pop.  1,600. 

Lenno,  v.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  12  m. 
S.  Brescia.     Pop.  3,000. 

Lenmre,  co.  N.  C.  -  Pop.  5,572.  Slaves,  2,440. 
Chief  town,  Kingston. 

Lenox,  p-t.  and  cap.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  3i  m. 
N.  Stockbridgc,  6  S.  Fittsfield,  145  W.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,310.  Housatonnuc  river  passes  through  this 
town.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house 
and  jail,  an  academy,  and  2  houses  for  public  wor- 
ship. Here  is  an  iron  mine,  and  a  furnace  for  cast- 
ing hollow  iron  ware. 

Lenox,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  Lake, 
and  on  the  Erie  canal.  25  m.  W.  Utica,  118  W. 
Albany.  Pop.  1,732.  Iron  ore  is  found  here,  and 
in  1815,  a  company  was  incorporated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  manufacturing  iron. 

Lenox  castle,  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 

Lenoxville,  s-p.  Carteret  co.  N.  C.  at  the  mouth 
of  a  small  river  which  falls  into  Core  Sound,  3  m. 
from  Beaufort.  It  has  lately  attracted  attention  as 
SI  good  situation  for  trade.     See  Beaufort. 

Lens,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Douay.     Pop.  2,350. 

Lens,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  9  m.  N.  Mons. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Lenthe)  v.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Zwoll.    Pop.  1,100. 

Lenton,  parish,  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire,  I  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Nottingham.     Pop.  1,197. 

Lentrisca,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ivica. 
Lon.  1°  12'E.  Lat.  38^  51'  N. 

Lenzburg,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aa, 
6  m.  S.  E.  Aargau. 

Lenzen,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  74 
m.  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  11°  36'  E.  Lat.  53°  9'  N. 
Pop.  2,150. 

Lemo,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Po  near  Ber- 
sello. 

Leohen,  t.  Austrian  states,  80  m.  S.  W.  Vienna. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Leobschulz,  or  Hlubzien,  t.  Silesia,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Ratibor.     Pop.  3,400. 

Leogane,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  St.  Domingo,  9 
leagues  W.  by  S.  Port  au  Prince.  Lon.  72°  37' 
y^.  Lat.  28°  30-  N. 

Leogane,  Bay  of,  c'dilednho  Bight  of  Leogane,  3it 
the  W.  end  of  the  island  of  St.  Domingo.  It  opens 
between  Cape  St.  Nicholas  and  Cape  Dame  Ma- 
rie, 45  leagues  apart. 

Leogang,  t.  Austrian  states,  30  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Sal  tzburg. 

Leominsfer,  borough  and  t   Eng.  in  Hereford- 


shire, on  the  Lugg.  It  has  manufactures  of  hat 
and  gloves  ;  also  some  trade  in  felts,  leather,  &c. 
Here  is  one  of  the  best  markets  for  wool,  cyder, 
hops,  and  wheat.  13  m.  N.  Hereford,  26  W. 
Worcester,  137  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  43'  W. 
Lat.  52°  13'  N.      Pop.  3,232. 

Leominster,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N. 
Worcester.  Pop.  1,534.  It  is  on  Nashua  river, 
and  has  numerous  mills  and  manufactures. 

Leon,  one  of  the  great  divisions  of  Spain,  in  the 
N.  W.  and  still  distinguished  by  the  title  of  a  king- 
dom. It  is  bounded  N.  by  Asturia,  E.  by  Old  Cas- 
tile, S.  by  Estremadura,  and  W.  by  Portugal  and 
Galicia.  Extent,  21,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
930,000. 

Leon,  a  province  of  Spain,  occupying  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Leon,  and  sur- 
rounded by  the  Asturias,  Palencia,  Toro,  Vallado- 
lid,  Zamora,  and  Galicia.  Extent,  6,200  square 
miles.     Pop.  240,000. 

Leon,  (ancient  Legio,)  city,  Spain,  cap.  of  the 
foregoing  kingdom  and  province,  is  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Torio  and  Bernesga.  The  cathedral 
surpasses  in  grandeur  and  beauty  all  similar  edifi- 
ces in  the  kingdom.  The  ancient  palace  of  the 
kings  of  Leon  is  now  in  a  decayed  state,  and  has 
been  converted  into  a  manufactory.  174  ra.  N.  N. 
W.  Madrid,  74  N.  N.  W.  Valladolid.  Lon.  5°  27' 
W.  Lat.  42°  45'  N.     Pop.  6,200. 

Leon,  isl.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Spain,  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  canal  and  river,  10  miles 
long,  and  from  20  to  30  feet  deep.  Cadiz  is  on  a 
point  of  land  at  the  S.  W.  extremity.     See  Cadiz. 

Leon.     See  St.  Pol  de  Leon. 

Leon,  or  Leonde  Nicaragua,  cap.  of  the  province 
of  Nicaragua,  in  Guatimala,  on  the  W.  side  of 
Lake  Leon.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Lon.  291° 
25'  W.  Lat.  12°  25'  N. 

Leon,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guanaxuato,  40  m.  N.  W 
Guanaxuato.     Lon.  272°  10'  W.  Lat.  20°  18'  N. 

Leonan,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo, 
Lon.  117°  48'  E.  Lat.  6°  39'  N. 

Leonardston,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 
on  Britton's  creek,  5  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Potomac,  30  S.  E.  Port  Tobacco,  74  S.  An- 
napolis. 

Leone,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  coast  ot 
Greece,  8  m.  VV.  S.  W.  Athens. 

Leones,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Patagonia. 
Lat.  50°  2'  S. 

Leoncssa,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo,  19  m.  N.  W. 
Aquila. 

Leonforte,  t.  interior  of  Sicily,  7  m.  W.  San  Fi- 
lip))o  d'Argiro.     Pop.  8,000. 

Leonsberg,  t.  Wirtemburg,  11  m.  N.  W.  Stut- 
gard.     Pop.  1,700. 

Leontini,  or  Lentini,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  No- 
to,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  5  m.  from  the  sea. 
22 m.  N.  N.  W.  Syracuse.  Lon.  15°  E.  Lat.  37<» 
18'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Leopold,  a  town  of  liberated  negroes  in  the  pa- 
rish of  St.  Peter's,  in  the  colony  of  Sierra  Leone. 
Pop.  308. 

Leopoldsau,  t.  Austrian  States,  6  m.  N.  by  E. 
Vienna. 

Leopold-Schlag,  i.  Austrian  States,  28  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Lintz. 

Leopoldstadt,  t.  Hungary,  56  m.  E.  Vienna. 
Lon.  17°  45'  45"  E.  Lat.  48°  25'  40''  N. 

Lepage,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Lepanto,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Eu.  Turkey,  at  thft 
entrance  of  a  •rulf  of  the  same  name.    360  m.  W. 


398 


L  E  S 


S.  W,  Constantinople.      Lon.  22*^  E.  Lat.  38- 
37' N. 

Lepanto,  Gulf  of,  formerly  called  the  Gulf  of 
Corinth,  a  gulf  of  Eu.  Turkey,  separating  the  coast 
of  Romania  from  the  Morea. 

Lepe,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  10  m.  E.  Ayamonte. 
Lon.  7°  4'  W.  Lat  37°  12'  15''  N. 

Leper'' s  Island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Lon. 
168°  4' E.  Lat.  15°  21' N. 

Lepsina.     See  Elcusis. 

Lepton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  E.  by  S. 
Huddersfield.     Pop.  2,585. 

Lequeyto,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  on  the  bay  of  Bis- 
cay, 28  m.  E.  N.  E.  Bilboa. 

Lerang,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java. 
Lon.  111°27'E.  Lat.  6°37'S. 

Leraj/,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  180 
m.  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,149. 

Leraysville,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

Le  Resouvenir,  t.  Demerara.  The  London  So- 
ciety have  a  missionary  here. 

Leira.     See  Leyria. 

Lerici,  s-p.  Italy,  in  the  Genoese  territory,  6  m. 
S.  E.  Spezia.     Pop.  2,00(). 

Lerida,  i.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Segre,  69 
m.  E.  by  S.  Saragossa,  90  W.  by  N.  Barcelona. 
Lon.  0°  25'  E.  Lat.  41°  29'  N.     Fop.  ]7,000. 

Lerins,  2  small  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  on 
die  S.  coast  of  France,  called  St.  Marguerite,  and 
St.  Honorat.     Lon.  77°  E.  Lat.  43°  30'  N. 

Lerrna,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  23  m.  S.  Burgos. 
Lon.  3°  45'  3"  W.  Lat.  42°  1'  21''  N. 

Lerrna,  t.  Mexico,  9  leagues  W.  S.  W.  Mexico.  , 
Lon.  99°  21'  W.  Lat.  19°  16'  N. 

Lerna,  s-p.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  in  the  gulf  of 
Napoli,  6  m.  S.  E.  Argos. 

Leroy,  formerly  Bellona,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 
10  m.  E.  Batavia,  38  W.  Canandaigua.  It  con- 
tains a  handsome  village,  with  a  Presbyterian 
church.  In  the  north  part  of  the  town  are  the  re- 
mains of  an  ancient  fort. 

Lerwick,  t.  Scotland,  on  the  mainland  of  Shet- 
land, and  the  seats  of  the  courts  of  that  stewartry. 
ft  is  on  the  spacious  harbour  called  Lerwick  or 
Brassay  sound.     Pop.  1,000. 

Lesara,  one  of  the  Aland  isles,  in  tlie  Baltic,  in 
lon.  20°  19' E.  lat.  60°  18' N. 

Lesbe,  v.  Egypt,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nile,  5  m. 
from  Damietta. 

Lesbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  4  m.  E.  by 
S.  Alnwick. 

Lescar,  (VEscar,')  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyre- 
nees, 3  m.  N.  W.  Pau.     Pop.  1 ,900. 

Lesche,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Macse 
■■  bove  Dinant. 

Lesdiguieres,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  1 1  m.  N. 
Gap.     Pop.  1,400. 

Les  Eboulemcns,  seigniory,  Northumberland  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
56  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Lesghistan,  a  territory  of  Caucasus,  bounded  N. 
by  Circassia,  and  E.  by  Daghestan.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  robbers  of  the  most  daring  and  desperate 
character. 

Z<c5?g7ifl7r,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  11  m.  W.  Nar- 
bonne.     Pop.  1,500. 

L€sina,ov  Lezina,  (an.  Pharos  or  Pharia,)  is], 
in  the  Adriatic,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Austrian  Dalma- 
tia,  between  the  islands  of  Bi-azzola,  Curzola,  and 
Sabioncello.  It  is  65  miles  long  and  14  broad. 
Pop.  14,000. 
;    Lcsina,  t.  Naplc.  in  the  Capitanta,  on  the  La- 


LEV 

gode  Lesina,  which  communicates  with  the  Adri- 
atic, 86  m.  E.  N,  E.  Naples. 

Lesmahagoe,  or  Abbey  Green,  v.  Scotland,  ia 
Lanarkshire,  6  m.  S.  Lanark.     Pop.  500. 

Lesneven,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Brest.  Lon.  4°  14'  W.  Lat.  48°  34'  N.    Pop.  2,05a 

Lesparre,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  13  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Bourdeaux.     Pop.  800. 

Lessee,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  on  the  Vienne. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Lessard,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Lessard,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada, 
45  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Lessay,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  opposite  Jer- 
sey.    Pop.  1,500. 

Lessines,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the 
Dender,  28  m.  W.  S.  W.  Brussels.     Pop.  3,700. 

Lesslie,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  9  m.  N.  Kirk- 
aldy. 

Lessee,  or  Lossoe,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Catte- 
gat.     Lon.  11°  8'  E.  Lat.  57°  17'  N.      Pop.  1,560. 

Lestwithiel.    See  LostwilhieL 

Letart,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  265. 

Letham,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  4  m.  W.  Cu- 
par. 

Lett,  small  isl.  near  the  island  of  Timor.  Lon. 
127°  15' E.  Lat.  8°  28' N. 

Letterkenny,  t.  Ireland,  in  Donegal,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Londonderry. 

Letterkenny,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Fop,  1,549. 

Lettowitz,  t  Moravia,  25  m.  N.  Brunn. 

X,emng^e,  small  isl.  of  the  Adriatic.  Fon.  13° 
52'  E.  Lat.  45°  1'  N. 

Levant. — This  term  signifies  the  East ;  but  it 
is  commonly  applied  to  the  E.  coasts  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, particularly  those  of  Asia  Minor  and  Syria. 

Levant,  isl.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  France.  Lon. 
6°  29'  49"  E.  Lat.  43°  25'  N. 

Levant,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Bangor. 

Levanzo,  small  isl.  near  W.  coast  of  Sicilv.  Lon; 
12°  24'  E.    Lat.  38°  5'  N. 

Leubus,  V.  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  30  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Breslau.    Pop.  1,100. 

Leuca,  Capo  di,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Naples. 
Lon.  18°  20'  E.  Lat.  40°  3'  N. 

Leucadia,  promontory  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Santa  Maura. 

Leucate,  France,  in  Aude,  7  m.  S.  Narbonne. 

Leuchars,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  6  m.  fr.  St. 
Andrew's. 

Leren,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Leven,  9  m.  E.  Kirkaldy.    Pop.  1,132. 

Leven,  Loch,  lake,  Scotland,  in  Kinross  co.  about 
12  m.  in  circumference.  The  castle  of  Loch  Lev- 
en, anciently  a  royal  residence,  stands  on  an  island 
in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  lake. 

Leven,  r.  Scotland,  which  issues  from  Loch  Lo- 
mond at  Balloch,  and  falls  into  the  Clyde  at  Dum- 
barton castle. 

Leve-ntin,  lake,  Prussian  states,  56  m.  S.  E.  Ko- 
nigsberg. 

Levenworth,  t.  Crawford  co.  Indiana,  on  the 
Ohio,  at  the  horse  shoe  bend,  12  m.  W.  Corydon, 
30  S.  W.  Salem,  25  S.  Paoli. 

Leverett,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m.  S.  E.  Green- 
field.   Pop.  769. 

Levering'' s,  p-v.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 

Leveston's,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Indiana. 

Levi  Point,  point,  Lower  Canada,  on  the  St. 
Lav/rcnop,  opposite  Quebec. 


LEW 

Leviers,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  9  m.  S.  Ornans. 
Pop'  1,100. 

Lei'ina,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop. 
in  1815,  100. 

Leuk,  t.  Switz.  in  Valais,  20  m.  E.  Sion.  Lon. 
7^  45'  E.    Lat.  46°  17'  N. 

Levkopol,  t.  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  80  ra.  S.  Pc- 
rekop.    Lon.  34°  24'  E.  Lat.  45°  6'  N. 

Levroux,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  11  ni.  N.  Chateau- 
roux.    Pop.  2,800. 

Leuse,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the  Den- 
der,  11  m.  E.  Tournay.  Lon.  3°  28'  E.  Lat  50° 
34' N.    Pop.  4,400. 

Leutenberg,  t.  Saxony,  9  ra.  S.  E.  of  Saalfield. 

Leutershaasen,  t.  Baden,  9  m.  E.  Manheim. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Leuthen,  v.  Prussian  Silesia,  10  m.  W.  Breslau. 

Leutkirch,  t.  VVirtemberg;,  28  m.  S.  Ulm.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Leutmannsdorf,  v.  Silesia,  6  m.  S.  E.  Schweid- 
nitz.    Pop.  2,150. 

Leutmeritz,  one  of  the  sixteen  circles  into  which 
Bohemia  is  divided.  Extent,  1,336  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
292,000. 

Leulmerilz,  t.  Bohemia,  cap.  of  the  preceding 
circle,  is  on  the  Elbe,  36  m.  N.  N.  E.  Prague,  40 
Dresden.    Pop.  36,000. 

Leutomisck!,  t.  Boliemia,  86  m.  E.  by  S.  Prague, 
22  E.  Chrudim.  Lon.  16°  5'  E.  Lat.  49°  47'  N. 
S.  b.  E.    Pop.  4,650. 

Leutschau,  t.  Hungary,  in  the  county  of  Zyps, 
and  the  place  of  meeting  for  the  provincial  assem- 
blies. 25  m.  W.  by  S.  Szeben.  Lon.  19°  26'  E. 
Lat.  49°  N.    Pop.  4,500. 

Lewens,  or  Leva,  t.  Hungary,  8  m.  E.  Barsch. 
Lon.  18°  37'  E.  Lat.  48°  13'  N. 

Lcufs,  borough  and  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Ouse,  which  is  navigable  up  to  the 
tov/n.  On  a  hill,  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  is 
the  race  course,  which  is  accounted  one  of  the 
best  in  England.  8i  m.  N.  E.  Brighton,  49  S. 
London.   Lon.oo  I'.E.  Lat.50°53'N.   Pop.  6,221, 

Leivin,  t.  Silesia,  15  m.  W.  Glatz.  Lon.  16°  4' 
E.  Lat  50°  14'  N.    Pop.  1,100. 

Levis,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  northerly  of 
the  Hebrides,  on  the  coast  of  Scotland,  parted  by 
arms  of  the  sea  into  two  divisions,  the  southern  of 
which  is  called  Harris,  and  the  northern  Lewis. 
Extent  902  sq.  miles,  or  451,000  acres.  Every 
part  of  the  island  exhibits  monuments  of  antiquity, 
as  duns,  fortified  castles,  Druidical  edifices,  cairns, 
and  upright  stones.  The  island  lies  between  64" 
and  72°  W.  lon.  and  57°  54'  and  58*=  28'  N.  lat. 
Pop.  13,942. 

Lewis,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  57  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier, 
8  S.  of  the  Canada  line. 

Lewis,  CO.  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of  St. 
Lawrence,  Hamilton,  Oneida,  Oswego,  and  Jef- 
ferson.    Pop.   6,433.     Chief  town,   Martinsburg. 

Lewis,  t  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  N.  Elizabethtown. 
Pop.  537. 

Lewis,  CO.  Va.  formed  in  1816,  from  part  of 
Harrison  county. 

Lewis,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  2,357.  Slaves,  284. 
Chief  town,  Clarksburg. 

Lewis,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  903. 

Lewis  hay,  harbor  in  Yarmouth,  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  on  the  S.  shore  of  Cape  Cod. 

Lewisburg,  p-t.  Yorkco.  Pa. 

Leirisburg,  or  Tarstown,  p-t.  Northumberland 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  7  m. 
»bove  Northumberland,  30  E.  Aaronsburg.    It  is 


LEX 


399 


t 


well  situated  for  trade.    At  this  place,  a  bridge  is 
thrown  acroM  the  river. 

Lewisburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greenbriar  co.  Va.  on 
the  N.  side  of  Greenbriar  river,  250  m.  W.  Rich- 
mond. 

Lewisburg,  p-t.  Mnhlenburg  co.  Ken. 

Lewis''  creek,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  lake  Cham- 
plain,  at  Ferrisburg. 

Ltwisham,  v.  Eng-.  in  Kent,  5  m.  E.  London. 
Pop.  6,625. 

Lewis  River,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  900  miles,  enters  the  E.  side  of 
Columbia  river,  413  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Lewis''  store,  p-v.  Spotsylvania  co.  Pa. 

Lewiston,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, 30  m.  W,  Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,033. 

Lewiston,  p-v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Niagara 
river,  opposite  Queenston,  27i  m.  N.  Buffalo,  7^ 
S.  Fort  Niagara.  The  portage  around  the  falls  is 
8  miles  from  Fort  Schlosser  to  this  place.  A 
steam-boat  plies  regularly  from  Lewiston  t* 
Sacketts  Harbor. 

Lewislown,  p-t.  bor.  and  cap.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Juniatta,  23  m.  N,  E.  Hunting- 
don, 86  N.  W.  Harrisburg,  152  W.  Philadelphia. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  market-house,  and  bank. 

Lewistown,  or  Lewes,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  Del.  on 
Lewis  creek,  3  m.  above  its  entrance  into  Dela- 
ware bay,  3  W.  Cape  Henlopen,  112  S.  Philadel- 
phia. It  stands  on  elevated  ground,  commanding 
a  fine  view  of  the  ocean.  It  contains  an  academy 
and  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for 
Methodists.  Extensive  salt-works  have  lately 
been  erected  at  this  place. 

Lewisville,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Lewisville,  p-v.  Chester  co.  S.  C. 

Lexawacsein.     See  Lackaivaxen. 

Lexden,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  2  m.  W.  Colchester. 

Lexington,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  11  m.  N. 
W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,052.  In  this  town,  a  battle 
was  fought  April  19,  1775,  which  was  the  com- 
mencement of  the  American  Revolution.  A 
monument  is  erected  on  the  spot. 

Lexington,  p-t.  Green  co.  (N.  Y.)  W.  of  Cats- 
kill. 

Lexington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  on 
the  N.  branch  of  James  river,  30  m.  S.  W.  Staun- 
ton, 151  W.  Richmond.  Lon.  79°  40'  W.  Lat. 
37°  50'  N.  The  situation  of  the  town  is  healthy 
and  agreeable.  It  contains  a  courthouse,  jail, 
meeting-house  for  Presbyterians,  a  college,  and 
about  100  dwelling-houses.  The  college  is  called 
Washington  college,  after  General  Washington, 
who  endowed  it  with  100  shares  in  the  James  river 
canal.  It  was  originally  incorporated  as  an  acad- 
emy, in  1782,  under  the  name  of  Liberty  Hall 
Academy,  but  the  canal  stock  having  become 
within  a  few  years  very  productive,  it  has  assum- 
ed the  form  of  a  college.  It  has  a  philosophical 
apparatus,  a  library  of  about  2,000  volumes,  a 
president,  2  professors,  and  about  50  students. 
The  canal  shares  have  in  some  years  produced  an 
income  of  more  than  $3,000. 

Lexington,  p-v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

i>e.rmg-/on,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  6,641.  Slaver, 
1,911.     Chief  town,  Granby. 

Z.ea;ing-/(wj,  formerly  Great  falfs,  p-t  and  cap. 
Oglethorpe  co.  Geo.  on  Ogechee  river.  It  is  on  a 
beautiful  eminence,  which  overlooks  the  falls  in 
the  river.     The  public  buildings  are  a  court- 


400 


LEY 


house  and  jail,  and  an  academy.  2  m.  from 
Georgetown,  30  fr.  Greensboro,  76  N.  W.  Au- 
gusta. 

Lexington,  p-t  and  cap.  Fayette  co.  Ken.  is  de- 
lightfully situated  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  Town 
Fork,  a  small  stream  which  falls  into  the  S.  branch 
of  Elkhorn  river,  25  m.  E.  S.  E.  Frankfort,  76  E. 
Louisville,  88  S.  Cincinnati.  Lat.  38°  6'  N.  Lon. 
83°  8'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  market-house,  a  masonic  hall,  3 
banks,  a  public  library,  a  university,  a  female 
academy,  3  printing  offices,  and  7  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  3  for  Presbyterians,  and  1,  each,  for 
Episcopalians,  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Roman 
Catholics. — The  growth  of  this  town  has  been  ex- 
ceedingly rapid.  In  1797,  it  contained  only  about 
50  houses,  and  the  best  farmers  lived  in  log  cab- 
ins. It  is  now  a  large  and  beautiful  town,  cover- 
ed with  stately  and  elegant  buildings,  and  in 
wealth  and  refinement  is  scarcely  surpassed  by 
any  place  in  the  western  country.  The  manu- 
facturing establishments  are  various  and  exten- 
sive. Here  are  4  nail  factories,  which  manufac- 
ture 70  tons  of  nails  yearly,  2  copper  and  tin 
manufactories,  several  cotton  and  woollen  manu- 
factories, 3  steam  grist  mills,  2  steam  paper  mills, 
ropewallcs  on  a  large  scale,  besides  tanneries, 
breweries,  distilleries,  &c. — The  country  around 
Lexington  is  much  admired  for  the  beauty  of  its 
scenery,  and  is  adorned  with  more  than  50  hand- 
r^ome  country  seats. 

Transylvania  University  in  this  place,  was 
originally  incorporated  before  the  separation  of 
Kentucky  from  Virginia.  In  1818,  it  was  re-or- 
ganized under  a  board  of  13  trustees,  who  are 
chosen  biennially  by  the  legislature.  In  1820,  the 
officers  were  a  president,  who  is  also  professor  of 
the  philosophy  of  the  human  mind,  moral  philoso- 
phy, and  the  elements  of  civil  policy,  rhetoric, 
logic,  and  philosophical  grammar ;  4  medical 
professors;  a  professor  of  chemistry;  a  professor 
of  natural  philosophy  and  mathematics ;  a  pro- 
fessor of  botany  and  natural  history,  and  teacher 
of  modern  languages ;  3  tutors ;  2  assistant  tu- 
tors ;  and  the  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment. The  number  of  students  was  235,  of 
whom  34  were  medical  students ;  53  in  the  four 
regular  classes  ;  49  irregulars,  and  99  in  the  pre- 
paratory department.  The  irregulars  are  those 
who  receive  instruction  with  the  regular  classes, 
but  are  not  candidates  for  any  degree.  The 
buildings  consist  of  two  college  edifices  of  brick, 
one  erected  several  years  since;  the  other,  erect- 
ed in  1818,  is  a  spacious  building,  130  feet  by  30, 
3  stories  high,  containing  a  chapel,  four  recitation 
rooms,  a  room  for  the  library,  and  30  rooms  for  stu- 
dents. The  library  contains  about  3,000  volumes, 
and  a  considerable  sum  has  recently  been  expend- 
ed in  the  purchase  of  a  chemical  and  philosophical 
apparatus. 

Lexington,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819,  420. 

Lexington,  p-t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Lexington,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Indiana. 

Leydtn,  city,  Netherlands,  in  S.  Holland.  It 
ranks  among  the  largest  cities  of  Holland,  and  is 
inferior  to  none  in  the  spaciousness  of  its  streets. 
It  stands  on  a  small  branch  of  the  Rhine.  The 
canals  that  traverse  the  town,  form,  by  their  va- 
rious intersections,  upwards  of  50  petty  islands. 
The  fortifications  consist  of  a  circular  mound  of 
earth,  partly  covered  with  turf,  and  partly  faced 
with  brick.  Along  this  mound  are  fine  shady 
walks,  and  outsi'le  of  it  a  deep  and  broad  m.oat 


LIB 

The  university  of  Leyden  was  formerly  famou* 
throughout  Europe.  It  was  founded  in  1575c 
The  number  of  professors  is  21 ;  viz.  4  of  theolo- 
gy, 4  of  law,  4  of  medicine,  4  of  philosophy,  and 
5  of  languages.  Their  lectures  are  delivered  in 
Latin.  Their  salaries,  independent  of  a  house 
and  the  small  fees  paid  by  the  pupils,  are  some- 
what more  than  250/.  The  number  of  students 
is  at  present  (1819)  about  300 :  of  these,  about  80 
study  medicine,  100  philosophy  and  languages, 
and  the  otiiers  divinity  and  law.  Belonging  to 
the  university  is  a  valuable  botanical  garden,  a 
cabinet  of  natural  history,  an  anatomical  theatre, 
an  observatory,  and  a  library.  In  the  last,  the 
manuscripts  are  said  to  form  10,000  volumes ; 
the  number  of  printed  volumes  is  about  40,000. 
Printing,  especially  the  printing  of  classical  books, 
was  formerly  a  great  branch  of  trade  here  ;  but  it 
is  now  much  reduced.  Leyden  sustained  a  fa- 
mous siege  in  1573,  against  the  Spaniards.  10  m- 
N.  E.  of  the  Hague,  22  S.  W.  Amsterdam.  Lon. 
4°  29'  E.  Lat.  52°  9  N.     Pop.  31,000. 

Leyden,  p-t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  33 
m.  N.  Utica,  1 15  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  792. 

Leyden  Isle,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ceylon. 

Leyder-Dam,  or  Leidschendam,  t.  Netherlands, 
in  S.  Holland,  3  m.  E.  of  the  Hague.     Pop.  1,800. 

Leyland,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Chorley.     Pop.  2,646. 

Leyria,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  37  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Coimbra,  77  N.  by  E.  Lisbon.     Pop.  3,500. 

Leyta,  isl.  one  of  the  Philippines,  95  miles  long, 
by  38  broad.    Lon.  124°  40'  E.  Lat.  10^  50'  N. 

Leytha,  r.  in  the  S.  E.  of  Germany,  which 
joins  an  ann  of  the  Danube  near  Altenburg,  9  m- 
W.  Comorn. 

Lezai,  t.  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  22  m.  S.  by 
E.Niort.     Pop.  1,700. 

Lezat,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  25  m.  N.  W.  Mi' 
repoix.     Pop.  2,550. 

Liancourt,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  4  m.  S.  Clermont 
Pop.  1,000. 

Libanus,  a  lofty  mt.  Syria,  the  ancient  Leba  • 
non,  so  celebrated  in  scripture  poetry.  It  runs 
nearly  N.  and  S.  from  the  vicinity  of  Tripoli  to 
the  borders  of  Palestine,  and  is  distant  from  the 
sea  about  30  or  40  miles.  To  the  E.  is  a  parallel 
chain,  commonly  called  Antilibanus.  The  height 
of  Libanus  is  very  considerable,  the  summit  being 
covered  with  snow  for  a  great  part  of  the  year. 
A  few  specimens  yet  remain  of  those  magnificent 
cedars,  for  which  Lebanon  was  once  so  celebrated. 

Libau,  s-p.  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the  Baltic. 
It  has  a  commodious  harbor  for  small  vessels.  Pop. 
5,000.  66  m.  W.  Mittau.  Lon.  20°  55'  20"  E. 
Lat.  56°  31' 36'' N. 

Liberan,  small  isl,  near  the  N.  E.  eoast  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lon.  116°  8'  E.  Lat.  6°  2'  N. 

Liberty,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware  riv- 
er.    Pop.  419. 

Liberty,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Liberty,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bedford  co.  Va.  15  m.  N. 
W.  New  London,  35  E.  S.  E.  Fincastle,  40  from 
Rocky  mount. 

Liberty,  co.  Geo.  on  the  coast,  bounded  N.  by 
Bryan  apd  Tatnall  cos.  S.  by  iMaduntosh  co.  W. 
by  the  Alatamaha.  Pop.  6,288.  Slaves,  4,808. 
Chief  town,  Riceborough. 

Liberty,  p-t,  and  cap.  Amite  co.  Mississippi,  65 
m.  from  Madisonville. 

Liberty,  p-t.  Smith  co.  Ten.  20  m.  S.  Carthage. 

Liberty,  p-t.  Casey  co.  Ken.     Pop.  78. 

Liberty,  t,  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  Hamilton, 


L  I  C 

Libert^^  t.  Clinton  co.  Olxio,  7  m.  N.  'Wilminj- 
'on. 

Liberty,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Liberty,  t.  Fairiield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  Lan- 
caster. 

Libert!/,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is 
Hillsborough,  the  seat  of  justice  tor  the  county. 

Liberty,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  VV.  Day- 
ion. 

Liberty,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  on  Mahoning 
river,  8  m.  S.  E.  Warren. 

Liberty,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Liberty-comer,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

Liberty-hall,  p-v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

Liberty-tou'n,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  12  m.  N. 
E.  Fredericktown,  46  fr.  Washington. 

Libethen,  t.  Hungary,  122  m.  E.  by  N.  Vienna. 
Pop.  1,350. 

Libnah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  plains 
of  Judah,  given  to  the  Levites.  It  is  also  tlie 
name  of  an  encampment  of  the  Israelites  in  the 
wilderness. 

Libobo,  small  isl.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Gilolo. 
Lon.  128°  25'  E.  Lat.  10°  48'  S. 

Libochowitz,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Egra,  8  m.  S. 
Leutmeritz.     Pop.  1,100. 

Libourne,  t.  France,  iuGironde,  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Ille  and  the  Dordogne,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Bourdeaux.  Lon.  C^  5'  11"  W.  Lat.  A4P  55'  2" 
^\     Pop.  8,000. 

Libya,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Africa,  bor- 
dering on  Egypt.  It  consisted  of  three  parts : 
Libya  proper,  Libya  Marmarica,  and  Cyrenean 
Libya.  The  Libya  mentioned  Acts  ii.  10.  is  Cy- 
renean Libya,  called  also  Pentapolis,  from  its  5 
cities:  Berenice,  Arsinoe,  Ptolemais,  ApoUonia, 
and  Cyrene. 

Lich,  t.  Germany,  in  Upper  Hesse,  42  m.  N.  E. 
Mentz.     Pop.  1,900. 

Lichfield,  city,  Eng.  in  Staffordshire.  It  forms, 
along  with  Coventry,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  has  an 
elegant  cathedral,  and  hence  derives  its  chief  sup- 
port and  importance,  being  principally  inhabited 
by  the  dignitaries  of  the  church,  and  a  number  of 
genteel  fatnilies  which  this  society  attracts  to  the 
place.  The  cathedral  is  one  of  the  noblest  reli- 
gious edifices  in  the  kingdom.  The  chief  manu- 
factures of  Lichfield  are  of  horse-sheetings  and 
sailcloth.  It  has  long  been  famous  for  its  excellent 
ale.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  16  m. 
N.  Birmingham,  125  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1° 
50'  W.  Lat.  52=  41'  N.     Pop.  5,022. 

Lichtenau,  t.  in  the  electorate  of  Hesse,  15m.S. 
E.  Cassel.  Pop.  1,100. — There  are  several  small 
places  of  the  same  name  in  Germany. — It  is  also 
the  name  of  one  of  the  settlements  of  the  Mora- 
vians, in  Greenland. 

Lichtenfels,  t.  Bavarian  States,  on  the  Maine, 
23  m.  xN.  N.  E.  Bamberg.     Pop.  1,650. 

Lirhtevfels,  one  of  the  settlements  of  the  Mora- 
vian missionaries,  on  the  coast  of  Greenland.  In 
1818,  the  congregation  consisted  of  318  persons. 

Lichtenstadt,   t.   Bohemia,  5  m.  N.  Carlsbad. 
Pop.  1,000. 
i         Lichtenstdg,  t.  Switz.  in  St.  Gall,  27  m.  E.  Zu- 
j      rich. 

Lichtenslein,  principality  in  the  S.  W.  of  Ger- 
I      many,  lying  between  Tyrol,  the  Voralberg,  and 

Switzerland.     Pop.  5,000. 
I  Licldenstein,  t.  Saxony,  42  m.  S.  Leipsic. 
I  Lichtenroorden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  G  uelderland, 
19  m.  S.  E.  Zutiihcn.    Pop.  2,5tK:». 

it         " 


L  I  E 


401 


Licfwin,  t.  Ilussia,  on  the  Oka,  28  m.  S.  Kaluga. 
Lon.  35°  44'  E.  Lat.  54^  N.     Pop.  1,200. 
Lick,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

Licking,  r.  Kentucky,  which  falls  into  the  Ohio, 
at  Newport,  after  a  course  of  more  than  180  miles 
It  is  navigable  70  miles. 

Licking,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Muskingum, 
on  the  W.  opposite  Zanesville.  Near  its  mouth, 
extensive  iron  works  are  erected. 

Licking,  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815,  6,400.  Chief 
town,  Newark. 

Licking,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 
Licking,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 
Licking,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Zanesville. 

Licking-station,  p-v.  Floyd's  co.  Kentucky. 
Licky,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Blackwa- 
ter,  4  m.  N.  Youghal. 

Liconda,  s-p.  Tripoli.     Lon.  18°  10*  E.    Lat. 
30°  3G'  N. 
Liconia,  p-v.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 
Licosa,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Naples,  in  the 
gulf  of  Salerno.     Lon.  15°  50'  E.  Lat  40°  15'  N. 
Lid,  or  Lyd,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Tamar, 
4  m.  fr.  Tavistock. 

Lido,  t.  Ilussia,  in  Grodno,  196  m.  E.  S.E.  Ko- 
nigsberg.     Lon.  25°  35'  E.  Lat.  53°  52*  N. 

Liddal,  r.  Scotland,  which  forms  the  boundary 
with  England,  four  or  five  miles,  till  it  joins  the 
Esk. 

Lidford,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Lid,  8 
m.  from  Oakhampton. 

Lidlmlt,  t.  Sweden,  60  m.  S.  Jonkioping. 
Lidkioping,  t.  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland,  93 
m.  S.  W.  Orebro.     Lon.  12°  52'  E.     Lat.  58°  33' 
N.     Pop.  1,550. 

Lido  di  Sollomarina,  the  most  southern  of  the 
islands  which  separate  the  lagunes  of  Venice 
from  the  sea.  It  has  a  town  of  the  same  name, 
containing  2,600  inhabitants.  There  is  an  em- 
bankment of  fieestone,  32  feet  thick,  to  defend 
the  coast  next  the  Adriatic  from  the  violence  of 
storms  ;  but  it  is  now  partly  gone  to  ruin. 

Lids,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic.  Lon. 
11°  20' E.  Lat.  54°  4  IN. 

Liebau,  t.  Moravia,  14  m.  N.  E.  Olmutz.  Lon* 
17°  28'  E.  Lat.  49°  38'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Liebenvihl,  t.  East  Prussia,  76  m.  S.  S.  VV.  Ko- 
nigsberg.     Pop.  1,050. 

Lieben,  v.  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  5  m.  N.  E. 
Prague.     Pop.  1,000. 

Liebenau,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  30  m.  W.  Gottin- 
gen. 

Liebenwerda,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Schwarz  Elster,  38  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dresden.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Licberose,  t.  Prussian  states,  64  m.  N.  bv  E< 
Dresden.     Pop.  1,000. 

Liebstadt,  t.  W.  Prussia,  48  m.  W.  S.  W.  Pren- 
zlow.     Pop.  1,400. 

Liechstall,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Bale,  9  m.  S.  E, 
Bale.     Lon.  7°  45'  E.  Lat.  47°  33'  N. 

Licgc,  province,  Netherlands,  in  the  S.  E.  part 
of  the  kingdom,  surrounded  by  the  Prussian  prov- 
iiK-e  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  the  grand  duchy  of 
Luxemburg,  and  the  provinces  of  Namur,  South 
Brabant,  and  Limburg.  Extent,  2,200  sq,  miles. 
The  aspect  of  the  country  is  that  of  an  undulating 
plain,  except  in  the  S.  and  E.  v.here  it  is  hilly  and 
covered  with  extensive  forests.  Before  the  French 
revolution,  this  country  was  subject  to  the  bishop 
of  Liege,  a  member  of  the  Germanic  body.     The 


402 


L  I  G 


revenue  exceeded  100,OOOZ.  a  year,  and  the  bish- 
opric had  a  reg^ular  constitution ;  but  it  is  now 
abolished,  and  the  province  is  incorporated  with 
the  new  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  Its  inhabi- 
tants, amounting  to  354,000,  are  for  the  most  part 
Catholics. 

Liege,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  the  preceding 
proA^nce,  is  on  the  Maese,  in  a  pleasant  valley, 
surrounded  with  cultivated  hills.  The  town  is 
gloomy,  and  ill  built.  The  inhabitants  are  ac- 
tively engaged  in  trade  and  manufactures.  The 
principal  products  of  the  surrounding  territory 
are  coal,  iron,  and  alum  ;  also  tobacco  in  consid- 
erable quantities.  Liege  has  very  extensive  iron 
works ;  and  is  particularly  famous  for  its  manu- 
factures of  arms.  The  manufactures  of  clock- 
work are  extensive ;  those  of  nails  employ  in  the 
town  and  neighbourhood  from  10,000  to  14,000 
workmen.  14  m.  S.  S,  W.  Maastricht,  53  E.  by  S. 
Brussels.  Lon.  5°  31'  E.  Lat.  50°  39'  N.  Pop. 
50,000. 

Liegnilz,  an  extensive  government  of  Prussian 
Silesia.  Extent,  4,100  sq.  miles.  Pop.  506,000. 
The  chief  manufa;  tures  are  of  linen  and  woollen. 

Li'jgnils,  t.  Silesia,  cap,  of  the  government  of 
the  same  name,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Katzbach, 
the  Schwartzwasser,  and  the  Neisse.  Here  is  an 
academy,  with  five  professors.  Liegnitz  carries 
on  a  considerable  trade  in  woollens ;  also  in  mad- 
der. The  population  including  the  suburb,  is 
nearly  10,000.  39  m.  W.  by  N.  Breslau,  110  N. 
E.  Prague.     Lon,  16°  12'  E,  Lat.  51°  W  N. 

Lini-tcheou,  city,  China,  in  the  province  of 
Quang-ton,  on  the  gulf  of  Tunquin.  Lon.  108° 
39' E.  Lat.  21°  40' N. 

Lienz,  or  Luenz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  the  Ty- 
rol, at  the  conflux  of  the  Isola  and  Drave.  Pop. 
1,500.     Lon.  12°  45'  E.  Lat.  46°  45'  N. 

JAeou-kiemi.     See  Loochoo. 

Lierre,  t.  Netherlands,  at  the  junction  of  the 
two  Nethes,  10  m.  S.  E.  Antwerp.  Lon.  4°  37  E, 
Lat.  51-^9'  N.     Pop.  9,581. 

Liesna,  or  Leszne,  v.  Russia,  in  Mohilow,  40 
m.  N.  by  W.  Czernigov, 

Liesse,  J\''olre  Dame  de,  t.  France,  in  Aisnc,  7  m, 
E.  N.  E.  Laon. 

Lieuray,  or  Lierry,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  7  m,  S. 
Pont  Audcmer.     Pop,  1,600. 

LiJJ'amatvlu,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  28  miles 
long,  and  6  broad.     Lon.  126°  18'  E,  Lat.  2°  S. 

Liffctf,  r.  Ireland,  which  rises  in  tiie  mountains 
of  Wicklow,  and  runs  into  the  bay  of  Dublin.  Its 
course  is  about  70  miles. 

Lifford,  t.  Ireland,  in  Donegal,  on  the  Foyle,  2 
m.  W.  Strabane,  11  S.  S.  W.  Donegal, 

Liffre,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  9  m.  N. 
E,  Rennes.     Pop.  2,100, 

Ligne,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  on  the  Dcn- 
der,  15  m.  N,  V/.  Mons. 

Lignierc  la  Doucelk,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  12 
m.  N,  Vilaine.     Pop.  2,700. 

Lignieres,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  24  m.  S.  Bourp-es. 
Pop.  2,200. 

Lignv,  t.  France,  in  Mcnse,  on  the  Ornain,  9 
m.  S.  E.  Bar  le  Due.  Lon.  5°  18'  E.  Lat.  48° 
39'  N.     Pop.  2,850. 

Ligny,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Namur,  the  scene  of 
battl'-'  between  the  Prussians  atnl  French,  nn  the 
18th  June  1815.  3  m.  N.  E.  Fleurus,  11  ^V.  N. 
W.  ^^amur, 

Ligny  le  Chateau,  t,  France,  in  Yonnc,  6  m.  S, 
S  E.' Ficrentin.     Pop.  1,250. 


L  I  M 

Ligonton,  t,  Amelia  co,  Va.  4  m.  fr.  Appomatox 
river. 

Ligor,  Island  of.     See  Tantalam. 

Ligore,  t.  JVlalay  peninsula,  subject  to  Siam. 
Lon.  100°  35'  E.  Lat.  8°  18'  N. 

Ligre,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  6  m,  S,  by 
E.  Chinon.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ligueil,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  21  m.  S. 
Tours.     Pop.  2.000. 

Lihons,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  18  m.  E.  Amiens. 

Likiang-fou,  a  city  of  Yunnan,  in  China,  on 
the  frontier  of  Thibet  Lon.  100°8'  E.  Lat.  26^ 
52'  N. 

Lila,  s-p.  Abyssinia,  48  m.  S.  S.  E.  Arkeeko. 

Lille.    See  Lisle. 

Lillers,  t,  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  6  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Bethune.     Pop.  4,100. 

Lillo,  a  small  fortress,  Netherlands,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Scheldt,  9  m,  N.  W.  Antwerp,  12  ?. 
Bcrgen-op-Zoom, 

Lilly  Point,  p-v.  King  William  co.  Va. 

Lilundo.     See  Lelunda. 

Lima.     See  Ponte  de  Lima. 

Lima,  r.  which  rises  in  Spanish  Galicia,  and 
crossing  Portugal,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  41'^" 
40'  N, 

Lima,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  by  Truxillo, 
E.  by  Tarma  and  Guancavelica,  W.  by  the  Pacif- 
ic, and  S.  by  Arequipa. 

Lima,  city,  S.  America,  and  cap.  of  the  king- 
dom of  Peru  ;  also  called  Ciudad  de  Ins  Reyes,  or 
City  of  Kings,  was  founded  in  1535,  by  Pizarro. 
It  is  situated  in  the  spacious  and  delightful  valley 
of  Rimac,  an  Indian  word,  and  the  true  name  of 
the  city  itself.  It  is  surrounded  with  a  brick  wall, 
flanked  with  34  bastions,  but  without  platforms  or 
embrasure  ;  the  intention  of  it  being  merely  to  in- 
close the  city,  and  render  it  capable  of  sustaining 
any  sudden  attack  of  the  Indians.  The  houses, 
though  low,  are  generally  commodious,  and  of  a 
handsome  appearance.  'They  are  constructed  of 
wood,  on  account  of  the  frequent  earthquakes. 
The  grand  square  in  the  middle  of  the  city  is  of 
great  extent  and  beauty.  In  the  centre  is  a  large 
and  magnificent  fountain.  On  its  sides  are  the  ca- 
thedral and  the  archbishop's  palace,  the  viceroy's 
palace,  the  town-house  and  prison.  The  other 
principal  buildings  of  the  city  are  the  churches 
and  chapels,  which  are  partly  built  of  stone,  and 
decorated  in  the  most  splendid  style,  with  paint- 
ing's and  ornaments  of  tlie  greatest  value.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  in  1795,  was  52,627,  of 
whom  about  20,00<3  were  whites,  and  the  rest  ne- 
gi"oes,  Indians,  mulattoes,  and  mestizoes.  Of  the 
whites  about  3,000  were  monks  and  nuns.  Luxu- 
ry in  dress,  and  a  fondness  for  splendid  retinues, 
constitutes  the  prevailing  passion  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Lima ;  and  the  public  walks  and  malls  are 
always  crowded  with  carriages.  All  classes  are 
fond  of  fine  clothing,  and  wear  the  richest  stuffs  of 
Europe  as  ordinary  dresses. 

Lima,  besides  being  the  capital  of  Peru,  has  al- 
ways been  the  emporium  of  the  kingdom.  The 
principal  exports  are  gold  and  silver.  The  Euro- 
pean goods  in  greatest  request  in  Lima,  and  gen- 
erally in  Peru,  are  silk,  superfine  cloth,  lace,  fine 
linen,  and  other  articles  of  luxury  a,ndshow.  Cut- 
lery, and  all  instruments  of  iron  are  also  in  great 
request.  Lima  is  about  2  leagues  from  the  coast, 
and  30  from  the  Cordilleras.  Lon.  77°  7'  30"  W. 
Lat.  12°  2'  34"  S. 

Lima,  or  ChftrlcFfon,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  16 


L  I  M 

m.  W.  Cauaudaigua,  30  E.  Balavia,  224  fr.  Alba- 
ay.     Pop.  1,474. 

Liman,  r.  Chili,  which,  after  a  course  of  32 
leagues,  falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean.  JLat.  30° 
32' S. 

Limay,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,-  on  the 
Seine,  opposite  Mantes.     Pop.  1,550. 

Limbcy  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  E.  coast 
of  Celebes.     Lon.  125°  10'  E.    Lat.  1°  18'  N. 

Limhurg,  province,  Netherlands,  in  the  S.  E. 
part  of  the  kingdom,  bounded  by  Prussia  and  the 
provinces  of  L.ege,  South  Brabant,  Antwerp,  and 
North  Brabant.  Extent,  1,500  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
292, (.KX).  Its  products  are  corn,  pulse,  tobacco, 
flax,  and  fruit.  Its  mines  of  coal  are  said  to  pro- 
duce annually  about  150,000  tons.  Maestricht  is 
the  capital. 

'Litnburg,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  18  m.  E.  by 
S.  of  Liege.     Pop.  3,000. 

Limburg  on  the  Lahn,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau, 
32  m.  N.  Mentz.  Lon.  8°  3' E.  Lat.  50°  20' N. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Limburg,  or  Hohen-Limburg,  t.  Prussian  states, 
20  m.  W.  Arensburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Liine,  r.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  which  falls  into 
the  sea  at  Lyme  Regis. 

Lime  creek,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Limdvousey  parish,  Eng.  2  m.  E.  London.  Pop. 
7,386. 

Limehouse  River,  r.  Honduras,  which  runs  into 
the  bay  of  Honduras  in  lon.  85°  54'  W.  lat.  15°55'  N. 

Limekibis,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire.  It  ex- 
ports great  quantities  of  coal.  3  m.  S.  Dunferm- 
line.    Pop.  700. 

Limekiln  Bay,  bay  of  the  island  of  St.  Christo- 
pher, 1  ra.  W,  Basseterre. 

Limerick,  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  the  riyer 
Shannon,  which  separates  it  from  the  county  of 
Clare  ;  S.  by  Cork ;  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Tipperary ; 
W.  by  Kerry.  Extent,  622,975  acres,  or  970  sq. 
miles.  The  land  is  generally  fertile,  and  pecu- 
liarly adapted  for  rearing  sheep  and  other  cattle. 
The  flat  grounds,  which  extend  along  the  banks 
of  the  Shannon,  are  considered  the  richest  and 
most  fer-tile  in  Ireland.  Pop,  250,000,  of  whom 
by  far  the  greater  proportion  are  Catholics. 

Limerick,  city,  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  Limerick 
county,  on  the  Shannon,  abovit  60  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  large,  elegant,  and  populous,  and 
justly  reputed  the  third  city  in  Ireland.  The 
principal  public  buildings  are  the  custom-house, 
the  cathedral,  and  the  bishop's  palace.  It  con- 
tains four  Protestant  churches,  and  eight  chapels 
for  the  Roman  Catholics.  There  is  also  an  exten- 
sive barrack  for  22  companies  of  foot  and  four 
troops  of  horse.  Limerick  carries  on  manufac- 
tures of  linen,  woollen,  and  paper.  Its  export 
trade  is  also  very  considerable.  It  is  a  market 
for  American  produce.  Its  imports  are  rum,  su- 
gar, timber,  tobacco,  wine,  bark,  salt,  and  coals  ; 
and  it  exports  beef,  pork,  butter,  hides,  rapeseed, 
and  yarn.  Vessels  of  300  tons  burden  may  dis- 
charge their  cargoes  at  the  custom-house.  Being 
naturally  a  city  of  great  strength,  from  its  position 
in  the  river  Shannon,  it  has  always  been  deemed 
a  place  of  considerable  importance.  The  popula- 
tion is  variously  estimated  from  50,000  to  60,000. 
94  m.  S.  W.  Dublin.  *.on.  8°  31'  W.  Lat.  52° 
36' N. 

Limerick,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  York, 
30  N.  W.  Portland,  It  contains  a  flourishing 
academy,  and  2  houses  for  public  worship,  1  for 
Congregationalists,    and  1  for  Baptists.      Here 


L  I  N 


403 


are  several  mills  erected  oa  a  branch  of  Ossapee 
river. 

Limerick,  t,  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill, 4m.  below  Polt's  grove.     Pop.  1,282. 

Limesol,  s-p.  Cyprus.  The  country  around 
abounds  iu  vineyards.  Lon.  32°  30' E.  Lat.  34° 
45' N. 

Limestoncy  co.  Alabama,  on  the  N.  side  of  Teu- 
nessee  river.     Chief  town.  Cotton  Port. 

Limestone  creek,  r.  Tennessee,  the  N.  E.  branch 
of  Nolachucky  river. 

Limestone  valley,  the  valley  between  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  Alleghany  range  of  mountains  in 
Virginia. 

Limeuil,  t.  France,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Vezer- 
re  and  the  Dordogne,  9  m.  S.  Periguex.  Pop. 
850. 

Liminztoji,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Saco  river, 
40  m.  N.Saco.     Pop.  1,174. 

Limmat,  r.  Switzerland,  which  rises  in  the  Alps, 
about  11  m.  S.  of  Claris,  passes  through  the  lake 
and  town  of  Zurich,  and  afterwards  falls  into  the 
Aar. 

Limme,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  7i  m.  N.  \V.  Neth- 
er Knutsford.     Pop.  1,908. 

Limoeiro,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  Capibaribe,  60  m. 
N.  E.  Pernambuco. 

Limoges,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Vienne,  110  m.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux, 
and  250  S.  by  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  15'  E.  Lat.  45° 
49'  N.     Pop.  20,255. 

Limogne,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  17  m.  E.  Cahors. 
Pop.  1,200. 

lAmona  dt  la  Trou,  t.  Hispaniola,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Cape  Francois. 

Limone,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Tenda,  10 
S.  Coni.     Pop.  3,100. 

Limones,  Purita,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  75°  50'  VV.    Lat.  21°  25'  N. 

Limosani,  t.  Naples,  17  m.  N.  E.  Molise.  Pop. 
2,400. 

Limours,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  16  m. 
S.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  900. 

Limousin,  or  Limosin,  before  the  revolution  a 
province  of  France,  which  now  forms  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Vienne  and  the  Correze. 

Limour,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  on  the  river  Aude. 
15  m.  S.  \V.  Carcassonne.     Pop.  5,200. 

Linacagan,  isl.  one  of  the  Calamiaues.  Lou. 
120°  10' E.    Lat.  11'^40'N. 

Linais,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  16  m.  S.  E. 
Limoges.     Pop.  1,500. 

Lilian,  r.  AVales,  which  runs  into  tlie  Irish  sea, 
5  m.  S.  Caernarvon. 

Linares,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  26  m.  N.  by  E. 
Jaen.     Pop.  5,650. 

Linchanchia,  t.  Yucatan,  25  m.  N.  Merida. 

Lincoln,  a  maritime  county,  Eng.  on  the  E. 
coast,  between  the  estuaries  of  the  H  umber  and 
tlie  Wash.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  German  ocean, 
N.  by  the  river  Huraber,  W.  by  York,  Notting- 
ham, and  Leicester,  and  S.  by  Rutland,  North- 
ampton, and  Cambridge.  Extent,  2,787  sq.  miles, 
or  1 ,783,680  acres.  Throughout  the  whole  of  tlie 
eastern  half  of  the  county  the  land  is  uruformly 
low,  marshy,  and  fenny.  The  fens  were  formerly 
inundated  by  the  sea,  but  being  protected  by 
great  embankments,  form  now  one  of  the  richest 
tracts  in  the  kingdom.  The  drainage  of  them  has 
been  in  a  great  measure  accomplished  within  the 
last  40  or  50  years  ;  it  is  still  going  on,  and  is  per- 
haps one  of  the  greatest  worlcs  ever  undertaken  in 
the  kingdom.    Mr.   Young  reckons,  that  for  30 


404 


L  I  N 


L  I  N 


years  prerious  to  1808,  not  less  than  150,000  acres 
bad  been  recovered.  The  fiertility  of  the  improv- 
ed lands  is  extraordinary.  They  are  adapted  to 
all  the  ordinary  crops,  but  are  chiefly  devoted  to 
grazing.  Pop.  in  1811,237,891  ;  of  whom  29,881 
families  were  employed  in  agriculture  ;  13,184  in 
trade  and  manufactures ;  and  7,839  otherwise. 

Lincoln,  city,  Eng.  cap.  of  Lincolnshire,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Witham.  It  is  a  city  of  great  anti- 
qtrity,  and  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  whose  diocese  is 
the  most  extensive  in  the  kingdom.  The  town  is 
ill  built,  and  has  greatly  declined  from  its  former 
splendour.  The  cathedral  is  mucli  admired  for 
its  elegant  architecture.  Besides  the  cathedral, 
there  are  eleven  churches,  and  also  places  of  wor- 
ship for  Roman  Catholics,  Independent  Baptists, 
Calvinists,  and  Methodists.  21  m.  W.  Horncastle, 
51  N.  by  W.  Peterborough,  129  N.  by  W.  London. 
Lon.  0034'W.  Lat.  53°  14' N.  Pop.  in  1811, 
8,861. 

Lincoln,  co.  Niagara  district.  Up.  Canada,  on 
Niagara  river,  at  its  mouth. 

Lincoln,  t.  Sunbury  co.  New-Brunswick,  on  the 
W.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Lincoln,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  the  Kenne- 
bcck,  at  its  mouth,  bounded  N.  by  Kennebeck  co. 
E.  by  Hancock  co.  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by 
Cumberland  CO.     Pop.  42,992.    Chief  town,  Wis- 


Lincoln,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  27  m.  N.  W. 
Cactine. 

Lincoln,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  58  m.  N.  Concord. 
Poi  .  100. 

Lincoln,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  21  m.  S.  W.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  225. 

Lincoln,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  16  m.  N.  W. 
Boston.    Pop.  713. 

Lincoln,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  16,359. 
Slaves,  2,489.     Chief  town,  Lincolnton. 

Lincoln,  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river.  Pop. 
4,555.     Slaves,  2,2l2.     Chief  town,  Lincolnton. 

Lincohi,  CO.  West-Teimessee,  on  Elk  river. 
Pop.  6,104.  Slaves,  720.  Chief  town,  Fayette- 
ville. 

Lincoln,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  8,676.  Slaves,  2,341. 
Chief  town,  Stanford. 

Lincoln,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on  Dick's  river,  12 
m.  S.  E.  Danville,  11  N.  W.  Crab-orchard. 

Lincoln,  co.  Missouri. 

Lincolnton,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C.  41  m.  fr. 
Charlotte,  46  fr.  Morgantown. 

Lincolnton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  40  m. 
Jv.  W.  Augusta. 

Lincolnvilk,  or  Ducktrap,  p-t.  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  16  m. 
'W.  Castine.     Pop.  1,013. 

Lindfrn,  t.  Bavaria,  built  on  three  islands  on  the 
lake  of  Constance,  25  m.  E.  Constance.  Lon.  9° 
40M"E.  Lat.  47°  31' 44"  N. 

Lindau,  t.  Hanover,  10  m.  N.  E.  Gottingen. 
Fop.  1,100. 

Lindau,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Kothen,  5  m.  N. 
Zerbst.     Pop.  1,450. 

Lindenfels,i.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  22 
m.  N.  E.  Manheim. 

Lindley,  t.  Enij.  in  Yorksliire,  2  m.  fr.  Hudders- 
field.     Pop.  1,680. 

Lindley  s  store,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Lindley\i  store,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

Lindo,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Eastern  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Zambese. 

Lindo,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  W,  coast  of 


the  island  of  Cerigo.  Lon.  40®  34'  E.  Lat.  36" 
27'  iN. 

Li7idolo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre-Ducro-e-MinhQ, 
57  m.  N.N.  E.  Oporto. 

Lindou,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  37 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,()00. 

Lindsley  town,  p-v.  in-Painted  post,  N.  Y. 

Lindy,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  IndiaQ 
sea,  in  lat.  9°  58'  S. 

Lingan,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Suir,  2 
m.  below  Carrick-upon-Suir. 

Lingen,  county  of  Germany,  divided  into  Up-^ 
per  and  Lower,  the  former  belonging  to  Russia* 
the  latter  to  Hanover.     Pop.  25,000. 

Lingen,  t,  Hanover,  on  the  Elbe,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Muuster. 

Lingen  hie,  isl.  off  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
50  miles  long,  and  30  broad. 

Lingholm,  ?mall  isl.  among  the  Orkneys.  Lon. 
0O27'E.  Lat.  50°  59' N. 

Ling-tao,  city,  China,  in  Shansee.  Lon.  106° 
34'E.^Lat.  25°22'N. 

Lingua  Grossa,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona. 
9  m.  W.  Taormina.     Pop.  4,000. 

Linguetta,  Cape,  cape,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Alba- 
nia, at  the  entrance  of  the  Adriatic.  Lat.  40° 
36'  N. 

Lingwick,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
80  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Linhares,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montee,  19 
m.  S.  Mirandola.     Pop.  1,000. 

Linitan,  small  isl.  5  m.  N.  Serangan.  Lon.  125" 
21'  E.  Lat.  5°  36'  S. 

Linkioping,  a  government  of  Sweden,  situated 
along  the  Baltic,  S.  of  Stockholm.  Extent,  3,280 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  163,000. 

Linkioping,  t.  Sweden,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
government,  112  m.  S.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  15° 
32'  E.  Lat.  58°  23'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Linkness,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Stronsa.  Lou.  0°  26'  E.  Lat.  59<» 
4'N. 

Linlithgow,  or  West-Lothian,  a  county  of  Scot- 
land, bounded  N.  by  the  frith  of  Forth,  E.  by  Mid- 
Lotlaian,  S.  by  Mid-Lothian  and  Lanarkshire,  and 
W.  by  the  latter  county  and  Stirling.  Extent, 
1 12  square  miles,  or  71,580  acres,  58,000  of  which 
are  cultivated.     Pop.  in  1811,  19,451. 

Linlitligoic,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap. 
of  Linlithgowshire,  is  on  the  N.  slope  of  a  hill, 
about  2  m.  from  the  Avon.  It  is  of  great  antiqui- 
ty, and  contains  tlie  remains  of  ancient  magnifi- 
cence. At  the  N.  side  of  the  town  stands  the  roy- 
al palace,  now  in  ruins.  The  chief  manufacture 
is  the  tanning  of  leather,  and  tlie  making  of  shoes. 
It  was  anciently  a  place  of  great  trade.  16  m.  W. 
Edinburgh,  8  E.  Falkirk.     Pop.  2,557. 

Linnhe,  Loch,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Scotland,  which  separates  the  counties  of 
Inverness  and  Argyle. 

Linnich,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Bcrg.     Lon.  6=  13'  E.  Lat.  50°  57'  N.  Pop.  2,100. 

Linthvaile,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  Hudders- 
field.     Pop.  1,643. 

Linton,  v.  Scotland,  in  Peebles  co.  16J  m.  'W. 
Edinburgh. 

Linton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cambridge  co.  10  m.  S.  E. 
Cambridge,  40  N.  London!  Lon.  0°  16'  E.  Lat. 
52°  6'  N.     Pop.  1,873. 

Lints,  t.  Austrian  states,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Traun  into  the  Danube.  It  is  a  well  built  town, 
and  a  bishop's  see.    Here  is  a  great  woollen  man- 


L  I  S 

afactory,  established  by  the  government,  which 
gives  employment,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  near- 
ly 30,000  individuals  in  the  town  and  country.  94 
m.  W,  Vienna,  42  E.  S.  E.  Passau.  Lon.  14°  16' 
E.  Lat.  48°  18'  N.     Pop.  17,000. 

Linlz  Green,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  8  m.  S.  W. 
Gateshead.    Pop.  868. 

LiyiSj  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Rhine,  23  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Cologne.     Pop.  1,400. 

Lion  Core,  small  bay  in  the  straits  of  Magellan. 
Lon.  74°  25'  W.    Lat.  53°  26'  S. 

Lion  Marin,  Baye  de,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Kcrguclen's  Land.  Lon.  68°  51'  E.  Lat.  49° 
32' S. 

Lion  Mountain,  a  mountain  in  the  colony  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  rising  almost  immediately 
behind  Cape  Town. 

Lions,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  15  vo.  E.  Rouen.  Pop. 
1,850. 

Lions  cf  Angers,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire, 
10  m.  N.  N.  W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,800. 

Lipari  Islands,  a  group  of  12  islands  in  the  Tus- 
can sea,  belonging  to  Sicily,  and  situated  between 
the  N.  coast  of  that  island  and  the  Italian  conti- 
nent. Thev  extend  from  13°  15'  to  15°  39'  E.  lon. 
and  from  38°  20'  to  38°  60'  N.  lat.  The  whole 
group  bears  evident  marks  of  a  volcanic  origin. 
Four  of  the  islands  only  are  inhabited.  The  collec- 
tive population  somewhat  exceeds  20,000.  Their 
principal  exports  are  alum,  sulphur,  nitre,  and 
other  volcanic  products,  such  as  pumice  stone, 
with  which  they  supply  a  great  part  of  Europe. 
Lipari,  the  largest  of  the  group,  is  20  miles  from 
Melazzo,  in  Sicily,  and  40  from  Cape  Vaticano, 
on  the  Italian  continent.  It  has  an  extent  of  about 
100  square  miles.  Pop.  15,000.  It  produces  large 
quantities  of  good  wine.  Lipari,  the  chief  town 
of  the  island,  is  on  a  bay,  on  the  E.  side. 

Lipes,  t.  Peru,  and  cap.  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name,  is  in  lon.  68°  16'  W.  lat.  21°  40'  S. 

Lipezk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Woronez.  Its 
c:hief  establishment  is  a  foundry  of  cannon  for  the 
navy.  90  m.  W.  Tambov.  Lon.  39°  50'  E.  Lat. 
£2°  50'  N.     Pop.  5,650. 

Lipnitza,  t.  Hungary,  47  m.  W.  N.  W.  Kesmark. 
Pop.  3,300. 

Lippa,  t.  Hungary,  84  m.  N.  by  E.  Belgrade. 
Lon.  21°  50'  E.  Lat.  46°  5'  N.  Pop,  2,500. 

Lippe,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Rhine 
cbove  Wesel.  Orders  were  given  (July,  1819), 
to  make  it  navigable  by  means  of  sluices,  to  Pa- 
vlerborn. 

Lippe-Detmold,  principality,  Germany,  on  tho 
left  bank  of  the  Weser,  between  the  Prussian 
states  and  the  kingdom  of  Hanover.  Extent,  434 
square  miles.     Pop.  73,000,  chiefly  Calvinists. 

Lippenhtiiczen,  v.  Holland,  in  Friesland,  17  m. 
Si.  E.  Lecuwarden.     Pop.  950. 

Lippspring,  t.  Prussian  states,  4  m.  N.  Pader- 
lorn.     Pop.  800. 

Lippstadf,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Lippe,  38 
n.  S.  E.  Munster.     Pop.  3,700. 

Lipsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk,  28  m.  W.  S.  W. 
fluck.     Pop.  1,000. 

Liptau,  or  Lipto-  Varmegi/e,  a  palatinate  in  the 
N.  of  Hungary.  The  chief  town  is  Szent-Miklos. 
I'op.  64,000. 

Lire,  Vieille,  and  J^ouvelle,  two  towns,  France, 
ia  Eure,  14  m.  N.  W.  Verneuil. 

Liria,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Va- 
lencia.    Pop.  9,000. 

Lis,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Yenisei, 
Nlon.  90°  14'  E.  lat.  62°  20'  N. 


L  I  S 


405 


Lisbon,  the  capital  of  Portugal,  is  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  which  here  expands  into  a  fine 
body  of  water,  9  miles  in  breadth.  The  appear- 
ance of  Lisbon  at  a  distance,  is  extremely  beauti- 
ful, picturesque,  and  majestic.  But  the  interior 
of  the  city  ill  corresponds  to  its  external  beauty. 
Lisbon  lies  along  the  river,  in  the  form  of  a  half- 
moon,  four  miles  in  length,  and  from  a  mile  to  a 
mile  and  a  half  in  breadth.  It  is  unfortified,  and 
open  on  all  sides.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
called  Alfama,  Bairro  Alto,  and  Melo  ;  it  has  also 
three  suburbs,  to  which  may  be  added  Belem,  a 
pleasant  town  immediately  adjoining  Lisbon  on 
the  west.  Belem  enjoys  in  its  upper  part  a  pure 
air  and  delightful  prospect.  It  has  in  consequence 
long  been  the  residence  of  the  court.  LisboB 
stands  on  three  hills,  the  most  westerly  of  which 
begins  at  a  small  river,  flowing  between  the  city 
and  Belem.  The  number  of  public  buildings  in 
Lisbon  is  very  considerable,  there  being  in  all  40 
parish  churches,  99  chapels,  75  convents  or  mo- 
nasteries, and  various  hospitals.  There  are  also 
thirteen  squares,  great  and  small.  But  of  archi- 
tectural curiosities,  the  greatest  is  the  aqueduct, 
which,  though  not  half  a  mile  in  length,  passes  in 
one  part  through  a  tunnel,  in  another  across  a  de- 
file. It  is  to  the  north  of  the  city,  and  is  partly  of 
Roman,  partly  of  Gothic  architecture ;  the  princi- 
pal arch  is  Gothic,  of  the  width  of  107  feet,  and  is 
accounted  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  kind 
in  Europe.  It  is  of  such  solidity,  that  at  the  great 
earthquake  it  withstood  the  shock,  though  the  key- 
stone sunk  several  inches. 

The  earthquake  of  November  1st,  1755,  the 
most  violent  in  modem  times,  destroyed  all  the 
public  buildings,  and  6,000  of  the  dwelling  houses. 
The  loss  of  lives  was  computed  at  more  than 
30,000.  Lisbon  is  tlie  seat  of  the  public  offices 
not  only  of  the  government,  but  of  the  church.  It 
is  well  provided  with  hospitals.  The  royal  hos- 
pital, called  St.  Joseph,  is  an  excellent  institution. 
The  number  of  patients  admitted  in  a  year 
amounts  frequently  to  12,000  or  15,000.  The 
commerce  of  Lisbon  is  very  great,  comprising  all 
the  colonial,  and  perhaps  three-fourths  of  the  for- 
eign trade  of  the  kingdom.  The  harbour  is  un- 
commonly capacious  and  safe.  With  Spain  a  great 
deal  of  smuggling  takes  place  in  sugar,  tobacco, 
and  spices.  313  m.  W.  by  S.  Madrid,  9  E.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Tagus.  Lon.  9°  8'  25"  W.  Lat.  38° 
42'20"N.     Pop.  230,000. 

Lisbon,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, 23  m.  \V.  Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,614. 

Lisbon,  t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  on  the  Quine- 
bang,  7  m,  N,  Norwich,  45  S.  E.  Hartford.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Lisbon,  p-t,  St,  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence,  3  m.  below  Ogdensburg.  Pop. 
820. 

Lisbon,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  on  Savannah  river, 
at  the  junction  of  Broad  river. 

Lisbon,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

Lisburn,  t.  Ireland,  in  Antrim  co,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Lagan,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Belfast,  16  N.  N. 
W.  Downpatrick. 

Lisburn,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Lisburn,  Cape,  cape  on  the  island  of  Spiritu 
Santo,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Lon.  166°  57'  E, 
Lat,  15°  41'  S. 

Lisbume,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coauit  of 
America.  Lat.  69°  5'  N. 

Lisca  Bianco,  the  smallest  of  the  Lipari  islands, 
10  m.  N.  E.  Lipari, 


406 


L  I  T 


Lisianka,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  112  m.  S.  Kie^'. 
Pop.  2,730. 

Lisieux,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  Orbec 
and  the  Gassey.  It  is  14  m.  from  the  English  chan- 
nel, 30  E.  Caen,  and  116  W.  N.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  0° 
14'  E.  Lat.  49°  9'  N.     Pop.  10,200. 

Liskeard,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  17  ni.  S.  W,  Ta- 
vistock, 222  W,  by  S.  London.  Lon.  4^^  27'  W. 
Lat.50'^27'N.  Fop.  1,975. 

Liskova,  t.  Eu .  Russia,  on  the  Wolga,  34  m.  E. 
Niznei-Novgorod. 

Lisle,  or  Lille,  city,  France,  cap.  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North,  on  the  Deule.  Lisle,  like  most 
towns  of  Flanders,  stands  in  a  dead  flat,  tlie  soil  of 
which  is  rich  and  productive.  Lisle  presents  an 
imposing  appearance,  from  its  extent,  its  fortifica- 
tions, its  canals,  its  squares,  and  its  public  build- 
ings. Few  cities  of  France  can  vie  with  it  in  the 
straightness  and  width  of  its  streets,  the  regularity 
of  its  buildings,  and  its  general  air  of  neatness. 

Lisle  is  a  fortress  of  the  first  rank.  Its  citadel, 
the  chef  d? (Euvre  of  Vauban,  is  the  first  in  Europe 
after  that  of  Turin.  It  is  a  mile  in  circuit,  and  is 
situated  to  the  N.  W.  of  the  town,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  spacious  esplanade  and  a  canal.  It 
is  surrounded  by  a  double  moat.  Though  distant 
from  the  sea,  tlie  trade  of  Lisle  is  extensive.  Its 
manufactures  consist  of  camlets,  seizes,  and  other 
woollen  stuffs  ;  cotton,  calico,  linen,  silk,  velvet, 
lace,  carpets,  soap,  starch,  tobacco,  leather,  glass, 
and  earthenware.  18  m.  E.  Tournay,  145  N.  N. 
E.Paris.  Lon.  3'^  4' E.  Lat.  50°  37' N.  Pop.  in 
1817,  61,500. 

Lisle,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  12  m.  E.  Avig- 
non.    Lon.  5°  E.      Lat.  43°  55'  N.     Pop.  5,200. 

Lisle,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Perigueux.     Pop.  1,230. 

Lisle,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  Bingham- 
lon,  120  from  Albany.     Pop.  2,157. 

Lismore,  one  of  the  Hebrides  or  Western  isl- 
emds,  on  the  coast  of  Scotland,  10  miles  long,  and 
from  1  to  2  broad,  in  the  mouth  of  Loch  Lynhec, 
nearly  opposite  the  S.  extremity  of  Mull  sound,  25 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Inverary.  Lon.  5°  35'  Vv .  Lat.  56° 
34' N.    Pop.  1,323. 

Lismore,  t.  Ireland,  in  Waterford  co.  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Blackwater.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
26  m.  N.  E.  Cork,  31  W.  S.  W.  Waterford.  Lon. 
7°  57'  W.  Lat.  52°  8'  N. 

Lisonzo,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  in  Friuli,  which  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Trieste. 

Lissa,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  near  the  borders  of 
Silesia.  Of  the  7,600  inhabitants,  the  half  are 
Jews.  44  m.  S.  S.  W.  Posen,  65  W.  Kalisch.  Lon. 
16°35'E.    Lat.  5  F  55' N. 

Lissa,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near  the  coast 
of  Austrian  Dalmatia,  W.  of  Lesshia.  It  is  moun- 
tainous and  thinly  peopled,  but  produces  wine, 
olives,  almonds  and  figs.  It  has  a  good  harbour 
and  an  extensive  fishery.  56  m.  W.  Ragusa.  Lon. 
17°  E.    Lat.  42°  59'  N. 

Lissa,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Weistritz,  7  m.  W.  N. 
W,  Breslau. 

Lissabatta,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ceram.  Lon. 
128°  44'  E.  Lat.  2°  35'  S. 

Lissau,  or  Lissa,  t.  Bohemia,  near  the  Elbe,  17 
miles  E  by  N.  Prague.    Pop.  2,100. 

Listvennifchna,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  176  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Nertschinsk. 

Lisy,  t.  France,  in  Seinc-and-Marnc,  9  m.  N.  E. 
Meaux.     Pop.  1,200. 

Liszka,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Bodrog.  Lon.  21° 
26'  17"  Lat.  48"^  14'  26"  N. 


Lilcfifield,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  W. 
Wiscasset,  10  from  Hallowell.    Pop.  1848. 

Litchfield,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Merrimack,  26  m.  S.  Concord.    Pop.  382. 

Litchjield,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts, 
E.  by  Hartiord  co.  S.  by  New-Haven  and  Fairfield 
COS.  and  W.  by  New- York.    Pop.  41,375. 

Litchfield,  p-t.  and  cap.  of  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  30 
m.  W.  Hartford;  38  N.  N.  W.  New-Haven.  Lon. 
73°  15'  W.  Lat.  41°  42'  N.  Fop.  in  1810,  4,639. 
It  is  an  elevated  township ;  Mount  Tom,  near  the 
S.  W.  corner,  is  700  feet  above  the  river  at  its 
base.  Litchfield  Great  pond,  the  largest  in  the 
state,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  comprising  au 
area  of  about  900  acres.  At  its  outlet,  are  nu- 
merous valuable  mill-seats.  There  are  in  Litch- 
field 4  forges,  1  slitting  mill,  1  nail  manufactory,  18 
saw  mills,  6  fulling  mills,  5  large  tanneries,  be- 
sides several  other  manufacturing  establishments. 
There  are  8  houses  of  public  v.-orship  ;  4  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  3  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists. In  the  society  of  South  Farms,  is  Morris 
academy,  a  flourishing  institution,  established  in 
1790.  The  Latin  and  Greek  languages  are  taught 
at  tliis  seminary,  and  particular  attention  is  paid 
to  the  morals  of  the  students. 

Litchfield  village,  incorporated  in  1818,  is 
pleasantly  situated  along  the  summit  of  a  hill,  com- 
manding an  extensive  and  delightful  prospect.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  2  meeting- 
houses, and  84  dwelling-houses.  Here,  also,  is 
a  private  school  for  young  ladies,  which  main- 
tains a  very  distinguished  reputation.  The 
Litchfield  Law  School  was  established  in  1784,  by 
the  Hon.  Tapping  Reeve.  In  1798,  the  Hon.  James 
Gould  was  associated  as  a  joint  instructor.  This 
has  been  justly  considered  as  the  most  respectable 
and  systematic  law  school  in  the  United  States. 
The  number  of  students  educated  since  its  estab- 
lishment is  more  than  600. 

Litchjield,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  miles  S.  W. 
Herkimer,  10  S.  Utica.    Pop.  2,533. 

Litchfield,  p-t.  Grayson  co.  Ken. 

Lithuania,  the  former  name  of  an  extensive 
country,  between  Poland  and  Prussia,  and  now 
forming  the  three  Russian  governments  of  Wilna, 
Grodno,  and  Minsk.  It  was  divided  into  two 
parts,  called  Samogitia  and  Lithuania  proper. 
Lithuania  was  annexed  to  Poland  towards  the  end 
of  the  14th  century. 

Liliz,  p-t.  in  Warwick  township,  Lancaster  co. 
Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Conestoga  creek,  8  m.  N.  Lan- 
caster, 66  W.  by  N.  Philadelphia.  It  is  settled  by 
Moravians,  and  contains  about  300  inhabitants,  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

LitrT/,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  6  m.  S.  W.  Ba- 
yeux. 

Littau,  t.  Moravia,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Olmutz.  Lon. 
16°59'E.    Lat.  59°  28' N.    Pop.  2,200. 

Littermore,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9°  40'  W.    Lat.  53=  17'  N. 

Little  beaver,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio,  and  joins 
Ohio  river  in  Pennsylvania. 

Little  bearer  bridge,  p-v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Little  Cape  Capon,  p-v.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Little  Compton,  p-t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on  the 
coast,  30  m.  S.  E.  Providence.    Pop.  1,553. 

Little  creek,  t.  Kent  co.  Del.    Pop.  2,039. 

Little  creek,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del.    Pop.  3,840. 

Little  falls,  p-v.  in  Herkimer,  N.  Y.  There  is 
a  canal  round  Little  falls  in  tlie  Mohawk,  in  this 
place. 

Liftk  Mackinaw,  r.  Illinois,  which  now  runs  into 


L  I  V 


L  I  V 


407 


the  E.  side  of  Illinois  river,  15  m.  below  Fort 
Clark.    It  is  navigable  90  miles. 

Little  Missouri,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  Lit- 
tle Missouri  river,  a  S.  branch  of  the  Wachitta. 

Little  Plymouth,  p-v.  King-and-Queen  co.  Va. 

Little  Red,  r.  Arkansaw  Territory,  which  falls 
into  the  W.  side  of  White  river,  200  nx.  above  its 
mouth.     Here  is  a  post  office. 

Little  rest,  p-v.  in  South  Kingston,  and  cap.  of 
Washington  co.  R.  I.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  bank,  and  a  Congregational  church. 

Litte  river,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  and  runs  into 
the  Pedee.  It  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
N.  Carolina  and  S.  Carolina. 

Little  river,  r.  Geo,  which  runs  into  the  Savan- 
nah 30  m.  above  Augusta. 

Little  river,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into  the  Oconee 
about  12  m.  above  Milledgeville. 

Little  river,  r.  Christian  co.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  E.  side  of  the  Cumberland. 

Little  river,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash, above  Vincennes. 

Little  rock,  village,  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  Ar- 
kansaw river,  about  300  miles  above  the  post  of 
Arkansaw.  The  settlement  was  commenced  in 
1820.  The  land  is  elevated,  and  has  good  springs 
of  water. 

Little  Sandy  Salt-works,  p-v.  Greenup  co.  Ken. 

Littlestown,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.    Pop.  287. 

Littleton,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river.  75  m.  N.  Concord.  Pop.  876.  Here  is  a 
bridge  across  the  river  to  Concord. 

Littleton.     See  Waterford,  Vt. 

Littleton,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  28  m.  W.N. 
W.  Boston.    Pop.  773. 

Littletown,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  Va. 

Littleton' slsland,sm?i\\  isl.in  the  Florida  stream. 
Lon.  81°  40'  W.    Lat.  24°  42'  N. 

Littorate,  a  district  of  Dalmatia,  on  the  N.  coast, 
including  the  towns  of  Trieste,  Fiume,  Buccari, 
and  Porto  Re,  with  their  dependencies.  It  now 
forms  a  considerable  part  of  the  government  of 
Trieste,  in  the  new  kingdom  of  Illyria. 

Livadia,  province,  Eu.  Turkey,  bounded  by  Al- 
bania and  Thessaly  on  the  N.  by  the  isthmus  of 
Corinth  on  the  side  of  the  Morea,  and  in  other  di- 
rections by  the  sea.  It  comprises  the  most  cele- 
brated and  interesting  portion  of  ancient  Greece. 

Livadia,  t.  Greece,  cap.  of  the  foregoing  prov- 
ince, is  E.  of  Mount  Helicon,  15  m.  from  the  gulf 
of  Lepanto,  50  N.  W.  Athens,  and  85  S.  S.  E. 
Larissa.  Lon,  23°  20'  E.  Lat.  38°  30'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Liradostro,  s-p.  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  on  the  gulf 
of  Lepanto,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Athens. 

Livarot,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  9  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Lisieux.    Pop.  1,200. 

Livaudiere,  seigniory,  Hartford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, 12  m.  S.  E.  Quebec. 

Liubim,  t.  Russia,  40  m.  N.  E,  Jaroslavl.  Lon. 
40°  50'  E.    Lat.  58°  55'  N.    Pop.  1,500. 

Livensa,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  flows  into  the 
gulf  of  Venice. 

Liverdun,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  on  the  Moselle. 
Pop,  1,000. 

Livermore,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  An- 
droscoggin, 18  m.  N.  E,  Paris,  78  from  Portland. 
Pop.  1,560. 

Liverpool,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  the  princi- 
pal commercial  toAvn  in  the  British  dominions  ex- 
cept London,  is  situated  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Mersey,  which  opens  to  it  a  ready  access  from  the 
western  sea,  while  a  great  system  of  canal  navi- 


gation affords  an  inland  communication  with  all 
parts  of  England.  The  Mersey  affords  an  excel- 
lent anchorage  for  any  number  of  vessels  of  any 
burden.  The  town  extends  along  the  E,  bank  of 
the  river  about  three  miles,  and,  at  an  average, 
about  a  mile  inland.  On  the  W.  side  of  it,  he  the 
docks,  which,  with  the  wharfs,  ware-houses,  &:c. 
extend  in  an  immense  range  along  the  bank  of  the 
river.  On  the  other  side,  the  town  is  prolonged 
into  numerous  suburbs,  consisting  of  villas  and 
country  houses.  The  houses  are  built  of  brick, 
and  covered  with  slate.  The  streets  are  mostly 
spacious  and  airy,  some  of  them  elegant,  and  the 
greater  part  lighted  with  gas  from  coal. 

The  buildings  are  in  a  style  of  costly  elegance 
and  splendour,  suitable  to  the  taste  and  opulence 
of  its  inhabitants.  The  principal  of  these  are  the 
town-hall,  exchange  buildings,  com  exchange, 
lyceum,  athenaeum,  Wellington-rooms,  infirmary, 
work-house,  blue-coat  school,  dispensary,  and  asy- 
lum for  the  blind.  There  are  at  present  twenty 
churches  belonging  to  the  establishment ;  a  greater 
number  of  chapels  belonging  to  various  denomi- 
nations of  dissenters;  with  4  Roman  Catholic 
chapels,  a  meeting-house  for  quakers,  and  a  Jews' 
synagogue.  The  charitable  institutions  are  nu- 
merous and  well  conducted.  Among  the  literary 
establishments  are  the  royal  Liverpool  institution, 
opened  in  1317.  The  funds  were  raised  by  a  sub- 
scription of  3O,OO0Z.  in  100/.  shares.  The  Botanic 
garden  Avas  established  in  1801,  by  public  sub- 
scription, at  an  expense  of  about  10,000Z.  The 
exchange  buildings  were  erected  in  1803,  at  an 
expense  of  upwards  100,000/.  They  are,  perhaps, 
the  most  splendid  structure  ever  raised  in  modern 
times  for  purposes  purely  commercial. 

The  fortunate  situation  in  which  Liverpool  is 
placed,  has  given  to  its  commercial  career  an  im- 
pulse unknown  to  any  other  city  in  the  old  world. 
The  most  important  branch  of  commerce  is  the 
trade  with  Ireland,  whence  is  annually  imported 
from  2,300  to  2,500  cargoes  of  provisions,  grain, 
&c.  for  the  supply  of  Liverpool  and  its  shipping, 
Manchester,  and  other  populous  places  in  the 
neighbourhood;  and,  in  return,  are  trans-shippe<l 
salt,  coals,  earthen  ware,  &c.  The  second  branch 
of  commerce  is  with  the  U.  S.  of  America.  Of 
this  commerce,  cotton  forms  the  chief  article, 
which  may  be  termed  the  staple  trade  of  Liver- 
pool. In  this  branch,  Liverpool  far  excels  all  other 
ports  in  the  kingdom.  The  pmount  of  cotton 
imported,  in  1818,  into  Liverpool,  was  423,120 
bales ;— London,  186,700;— Glasgow,  48,000;— 
other  ports,  6,700.  The  trade  of  Liverpool  to 
other  parts  of  the  globe  is  ver}'  great,  and  rapidly 
increasing ;  and  the  opening  of  the  out-ports  to  the 
East  India  trade  will  probably  be  an  important  era 
in  her  commercial  histoi'y. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  in  tiie  port  ot 
Liverpool,  and  for  which  it  is  distinguished  from 
all  other  ports  in  Great  Britain, is  the  convenience 
it  presents  in  the  construction  and  arrangements 
of  the  docks.  The  whole  area  covered  by  the  va- 
rious docks  and  bnsins,  when  complete,  will  be  77 
acres.  The  number  of  vessels  which  paid  dock 
duties  in  1813  was  5341,  measuring  547,426  tons; 
and  the  amount  of  duties  paidj^was  50,177/.  In 
1819  the  number  of  vessels  had  mcreased  to  7,849, 
measui'ing  867,318  tons,  and  paying  110,127/. 

The  manufactures  of  Jiiverpool  are  chiefly  tliose 
connected  with  shipping,  or  the  consumption  of 
the  inhabitants. 

Tlie  city  sends  two  members  to  pailiament. 


408 


L  I  Z 


The  populatiou  has  regularly  and  rapidly  in- 
creased for  more  than  a  century.  In  1700  it  was 
only  5,000;  in  1760,  -iejlXK);  in  1790,  36,000;  in 
1801,  77,653;  in  1811,  94,376,  exclusive  of  7000 
sailors,  and  the  inhabitants  in  villages  nearly  con- 
nected with  the  town;  making,  in  the  whole, 
probably  120,000. 

The  town  and  shipping  are  supplied  with  ex- 
cellent water,  from  springs  in  the  vicinity,  through 
iron  pipes,  laid  through  all  the  streets.  It  is  17  m. 
N.  Chester,  37  W.  Manchester,  50  S.  Lancaster, 
103  N.  by  W.  Birmingham,  206  N.  W.  London. 
Lon.  2°  59'  VV.    Lat.  53°  25'  N. 

Liverpool,  t.  Queen's  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
bay  of  Fundy,  32  m.  N.  E.  Shelburne,  58  N.  W. 
Halifax. 

Liverpool,  p-v.  in  Salina,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  E.  Shore  of  Onondaga  lake,  3  m.  from  the 
village  of  Sahna. 

Liverpool,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Liverpool,  p-t.  Medina  co.  Oliio,  on  Rocky  riv- 
er, 15  m.  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie,  and  15 
iVom  Cleveland.     Here  are  salt  works. 

Liversedge.  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6i  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Huddersfield.   Pop.  3,643. 

Livesly,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2i  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Blackburn.    Pop.  1,126. 

Livingston,  v.  Scotland,  in  Linlithgow,  14  m. 
W.  Edinburgh, 

Livingston,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 10  m.  below  Hudson,  40  below  Albany.  Pop. 
1,651. 

Livingston,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  3,474. 
Slaves,  718.    Chief  town,  Smithland. 

Livingston,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Circleville. 

Livingston's  creek,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the 
W.  side  of  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river, 

Livni,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orel,  95  m.  E.  Orel. 
Lon.38°22'E.    Lat.  52°  58' N.    Pop.  5,600. 

Livonia,  a  maritime  province  in  the  N.  W.  of 
Eu.  Russia,  bounded  by  Esthoniaon  the  N.  and  by 
Courland  on  the  S.  Area,  21,000  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
only  600,000.  It  consists  of  a  vast  tract  of  level 
country,  interspersed  with  numerous  marshes,  and 
several  hundred  lakes.  The  export  of  corn  is  con- 
siderable. The  lower  ranks  in  Livonia  live  in  a 
state  of  great  degradation.  Edicts  have  lately 
been  issued  to  lessen  their  vassalage. 

Livonia,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  W.  Ca- 
nandaigua.    Pop.  1,187. 

Livomo,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  4  m.  N.  Crea- 
centino.    Pop.  3,600. 

Livron,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  10  S.  Valence. 
Pop.  2,100. 

Ljusna,  r.  Sweden,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  8  m.  S.  Soderhamm. 

Liusterno,  isl.  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic.  Lon.  18° 
30'  E.    Lat.  59°  30'  N. 

Liutsin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vitepsk,  72  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Polotsk. 

Lixin,  or  Lixheim,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  9  m. 
W.  Saverne.    Pop.  1,000. 

Lixuri,  t.  Cefalonia,  12  m.  W.  Cefalonia.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Lizard  Island,  one  of  the  Direction  islands, 
about  240  miles  in  circumference,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Cape  Flattery.    ' 

Lizard  Point,  the  S.  promontory  of  England, 
282  m.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  5°  11'  17''  W,  Lat. 
49°  57' 55"  N. 

Lizaut,  t.  France,  in  Vicnne,  near  the  Charente, 
28  m.  S.  Poitiers.    Pop.  1,500. 


L  0  A 

Llanhadarn  Fawr,  t.  Wales,  in  Cardigan,  oo 
the  Rheidal,  203  m.  N.  W.  London.    Pop.  5,258. 

Llanbeder,  or  Llanpeter,  Wales,  27  m.  E.  Car- 
digan.   Lon.  4="  4'  W.    Lat.  52°  8'  N.    Pop.  692. 

Llanberis,  v.  Wales,  in  Caernarvonshire,  10  m. 
E.  Caernarvon. 

Llandeilo,  Fawr,  t.  Wales,  13  m.  E.  Caermar- 
then.    Lon.  3°  59'  W.    Lat.  5P  53'  N.    Pop.  776.. 

Llandovery,  t.  Wales,  in  Caermarthcn  co.  20  m. 
W.  by  N.  Brecon.  Lon.  3°  44'  W.  Lat.  52°  N. 
Pop.  1,442. 

Llandrindod,  v.  Wales,  in  Radnor  co.  noted  for 
its  mineral  springs.     7  m.  N.  Builth. 

Llanelli/,  t.  Wales,  in  Caermarthen  co.  on  the 
sea-coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bury.  16  m.  S.  E- 
Caermarthen.  Lon.  4°  8'  W.  Lat.  51°  41'  N. 
Pop.  3,891. 

Llancrchymedd,  t.  Wales,  in  the  island  of  An- 
glesey, 11  ru.  E.  Holyhead.  Lon.  \'=>2l'Vf.  Lat. 
53°  20'  N. 

Llanes,  harbor,  on  the  north  coast  of  Spain,  ia 
B urges,  6  m.  W.  St.  Vincent's. 

Llanfair,  t.  Wales,  in  Montgomery  co.  14  m.  N. 
Newton.  Lon.  3°  20'  W.  Lat,  52°  39'  N,  Pop. 
1,855. 

Llanfyllin,  t.  Wales,  in  Montgomery  co.  24  m. 
W,  Shrewsbury.  Lon.  3°  16'  W.  Lat.  53°  45'  N. 
Pop.  1,508. 

Llangaddock,  t.  Wales,  in  Caermarthenshire,  22 
m.  from  Brecon.     Pop.  1,964. 

Llangollen,  t.  Wales,  in  Denbigh  co.  12  m.  N. 
W.  Oswestry.  Lon.  3°  9'  W.  Lat.  52^°  28'  N. 
Pop.  1,400.  ' 

Llangyndiern,  t.  Wales,  in  Caermarthenshire, 
226  m.  W.  by  N.  London.     Pop.  2,112. 

Llanidloes,  t.  Wales,  in  Denbighshire,  on  the 
Severn,  13  m.  S.  W.  of  Newton,  Lon,  3°  31'  W, 
Lat.  52°  27'  N.     Pop.  2,386. 

Llanrwst,  t.  Wales,  in  Denbighshire,  on  the 
Conway,  12  m.  S.  of  Aberconway.  Lon.  3°  47'  W. 
Lat.  53°  47'  N,     Pop.  2,502. 

Llanstephan  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Wales,  in  the  Bristol  channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Towy.     Lon.  4°  25'  W.    Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Llantrissent,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan  co.  11m. 
N.  W.  Cardiff.  Lon.  3°  30'  W,  Lat.  51°  33'  N- 
Pop.  2,129. 

Llanvilling,  t.  Wales,  Montgomeryaliire,  15  m, 
fr,  Montgomery,     Pop,  1,508. 

Llanymynech,  v.  Wales,  in  Merionethshire,  9^ 
m.  fr.  Welch  Pool. 

Llerena,  t.  Spanish  Estremadura,  63  m.  N,  Se- 
ville,   Lon.  5°  59'  W.   Lut.  38°  7'  N.    Pop.  7,300. 

Llivia,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  m.  N.  E.  Puy- 
cerda. 

Llobregat,  two  considerable  rivers  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  which  fall  into  the  Mediterranean,  the 
one  near  Barcelona,  and  the  other  near  Rosas- 

Lloyd''s,  p-v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

Lloyd's  Lake,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida. 
Lon.  80°  50'  W.    Lat.  25°  18'  N. 

Llwh  Mayor,  t.  Majorca,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Palma. 
Pop.  5,250. 

Llulia  and  Chiloas,  a  district  of  Peru,  to  the 
east  of  Chachapoyas.  The  capital,  Mayobamba, 
is  300  m.  N.  of  Lima,  in  lon.  76°  56'  W.  lat.  7°  S. 

Llgu-or,  or  Lychwr,  borough,  Wales,  in  Gla- 
morganshire, 212  m.  W.  London.     Pop.  764. 

Loa,  port,  Peru,  in  lat.  21°  30'  S. 

Loando,  or  Loando  St.  PauVs,  the  capital  of  the 
Portuguese  settlements  on  the  coast  of  Angola,  in 
Africa.  It  is  neither  walled  nor  fortified.  Lon. 
13a22'E.    Lat,  8°  55' S. 


LOG 


L  O  F 


409 


httando,  ial.  Africa,  opposite  the  city  of  Loando, 
90  miles  long  and  one  broad.     Lat.  8°  50'  S. 

Loango,  country,  W.  Africa,  N.  of  the  river 
Zaire  or  Congo.  Its  limits  are  somewhat  vague. 
In  the  widest  extent,  it  stretches  from  Cape  St. 
Catharine  to  the  Zaire,  a  coast  of  upwards  of  400 
miles.  The  climate  is  said  to  be  very  fine.  It  is 
never  subject  to  hurricanes,  nor  even  to  violent 
winds.  The  soil  is  in  general  very  fertile.  The 
lakes  and  rivers  abound  with  fish,  and  the  forests 
with  game.  These  gifts  of  nature  are  very  little 
improved  by  an  indolent  people.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  not  supposed  by  Degrandpre  to  exceed 
60(',000.  The  government  is  despotic,  and  the 
dignity  is  transmitted  only  in  the  female  line. 
The  object  for  which,  almost  exclusively,  Euro- 
peans have  resorted  to  this  coast,  is  the  trade  in 
slaves. 

Loango,  city  of,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Loan- 
go.  The  land  in  the  vicinity  is  extremely  fertile, 
and  the  water  excellent.  The  entrance  of  the 
bay  of  Loango  is  attended  with  danger,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  bank  of  rocks  stretching  half  way 
across  it.  According  to  captain  Tuckey's  obser- 
vations, it  is  in  Ion.  12°  3(y  E.  lat.  4°  40'  N.  Pop. 
about  J 5,000. 

Loano,  or  Lavano,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the 
gulf  of  Genoa,  35  m.  S.  W.  Genoa.    Pop.  3,500. 

Lobau,  or  Liebe,  t.  Saxony,  13  ra.  S.  E.  Baut- 
zen.    Pop.  2,400. 

Lobau,  isl.  in  the  Danube,  a  few  miles  below 
Vienna 

Lobau,  t.  West  Prussia,  44  m.  E.  Culm.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Lobeda,  t.  Saxe-Weimar,  on  the  Saale,  3  m.  S. 
Jena.     Pop.  1,000. 

Lobegun,  i.  Prussian  Saxony,  29  m.  N.  by  W. 
Leipsic.     Pop.  1,800. 

Lobenstein,  t.  Germany,  26  m.  N.  Bayreuth. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Lobnitz,  V.  Prussian  Saxony,  20  ra.  N.  by  E. 
Leipsic. 

Lobos,  one  of  the  Canary  islands,  near  the  N. 
point  of  Forteventura.  Lon.  13^40' W.  Lat.  28° 
60' N. 

Lohos,  small  isl.  S.  America,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
La  Plata  river,  15  m.  S.W.  Cape  St.  Maria.  Lon. 
54°  35'  W.    Lat.  35°  T  S. 

Lobos,  islands  near  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.  6° 
25'  S.  They  are  also  called  Sea  Wolves,  or  Seals 
Islands. 

Lobos  Key,  or  Seal  Key,  small  isl.  among  the 
Bahamas.     Lon.  77°  44'  W.    Lat.  22°  45'  N. 

Lobsens,  or  Lobzenico,  t.  West  Prussia,  57  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Thorn.     Pop.  2,000. 

Loburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  22  m.  E.  Magde- 
burg.    Pop.  1,600. 

Locana,  t.  Piedmont,  23  m.  N.  W.  Turin.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Locarno,  one  of  the  Italian  bailiwics,  ceded  to 
Switzerland  by  the  duke  of  Milan  in  1512,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  Lake  Maggiore.  Pop.  nearly 
20,000. 

Locarno,  cap.  of  the  Swiss  canton  of  the  Ticino, 
situated  near  Lake  Maggiore,  23  m.  S.  W.  Chia- 
venna.  Lon.  8°  35'  E.  Lat.  45°  39'  N.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Lochaber,  a  district  of  Scotland,  in  Inverness- 
shire.  It  is  one  of  the  most  dreary,  mountainous, 
and  barren  districts  in  Scotland. 

Lochaher,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Otta- 
wa river. 

Lochar  Water,  r.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire, 

52 


which  falls  into  the  Solway  frith,  near  Black- 
shaws. 

Lochem,  t.  Nefherlr.nds,  in  Cuelderland,  on  the 
Borkel,  lOm.  E.  Zuti-nen.     Pop.  1,400. 

Lockes,  t.  France,  in  Jndre-and-Loire,  21  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Tours.  Lon.  0°  34'  E.  Lat.  47°  7'  N. 
Pop.  4,500. 

Lochmaben,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Dumfries- 
shire 8^  ra.  N.  E.  Dumfries. 

Lochrusbeg,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  '23'  W.    Lat.  54°  46'  N. 

Lochia,,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  gtflf  of  Bothnia,  29 
m.  S  Tornea.     Lon.  24°  16'  E.    Lat.  64°  20'  N. 

Lochvilza,  t.  Eu.  llussia,  in  Poltava,  1 12  m.  S. 
E.  Czernigov.     Pop.  4,500. 

Lochwinnoch,  v.  Scotland,  in  Renfrewshire,  4 
m.  E.  Kilbirnie. 

Lochy,  r.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  which  falls 
into  the  W .  end  of  Loch  Tay. 

Lochy,  r.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire,  which 
falls  into  the  sea  near  Fort  William. 

Lockartsburg.     See  Athens,  Pa. 

Lockem,  v.  Hanover,  9  m.  JSf.  W.  Hanover. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Lockenitz,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  16  m.  N. 
Prentzlow. 

Lockerbie,  t.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Dumfries.     Pop.  900. 

Locke,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  23  m.  S.  E.  Au- 
burn. Pop.  2,388.  The  S.  part  of  the  township 
now  constituten  the  town  oi  Division. 

Lockwood,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  S.  W.  Hud- 
dersfield.     Pop.  1,449. 

Lockwood,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Lode,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Neufchatel,  8  m.  N. 
W.  Neufchatel.     Pop.  800. 

Locmine,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  10  m.  S.  Pon- 
tivy.     Pop.  1,800. 

Lodden,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Thames 
near  Twyford. 

Lodebar  Academy.     See  Sumterville. 

Lodeve,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  on  the  Lergues. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cloths,  silk  stuffs  and  bats. 
29  m.  W.  IViontpeiier.  Lon.  3°  19'  E.  Lat.  43° 
43'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Lodi,  province  of  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Milan.  Extent,  390  square  miles.  Pop. 
141,000. 

Lodi,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  cap.  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, on  the  Adda.  One  of  the  most  daring  ex- 
ploits of  Bonaparte's  military  career,  was  per- 
formed here  in  1796,  by  forcing  with  the  bayonet 
the  passage  of  the  bridge  over  the  Adda,  though 
defended  by  10,000  Austrian?.  16  m.  N.  E.  Pavia, 
17  S.  E.  Milan.  Lon.  9°  30.  E.  Lat.  45°  18'  N. 
Pop.  12,500. 

Lodi  Vecchio,  (an.  Lav^  Pompeii,)  v.  Austrian 
Italy,  3  m.  from  Lodi. 

Lodo,  Cape,  or  Mad  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Louisi- 
ana, at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi.  Lon.  71°  42" 
W.    Lat.  29°  10'  N.  ' 

Lodomeria.     See  Galicia. 

Loeches,  v.  Spain,  20  m.  E.  Madrid. 

Loevestein,  or  Lowenstein,  fort,  Netherlands,  in 
Guelderland,  at  the  W.  point  of  the  island  of 
Bommelwaert,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Rotterdam. 

Lojffingen,  t.  Baden,  3  m.  VV.  S.  W.  Huiffingen. 
Pop.  850. 

Lofoden,  group  of  islands  on  the  coast  of  Nor- 
way," between  67°  30'  and  68°  45'  N.  lat.  They 
consist  of  5  large,  and  several  smaller  islands. 
Pop.  3000  to  4000.  The  annual  value  of  the  fish 
caught  here  is  estimated  at  12,000/. 


410 


L  O  I 


Lofsta,  or  Hammerwerke,  t.  Sweden,  in  Upland, 
40  m.  N.  Upsal. 

Loftus'  heights,  p-v.  Wilkinson  co.  Mississippi, 
on  the  Mississippi,  38  m.  by  land,  above  Natchez, 
51  by  the  river. 

Lofti/  Mount,  hill  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  138°  42'  E.    Lat.  34°  59'  S. 

Logan,  CO.  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ken,  Pop.  12,123, 
Slaves,  2,486.     Chief  town,  Russelville. 

Logan,  CO.  Ohio.     Chief  town,  Belville. 

Logan,  p-t,  and  cap.  Hocking  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Hockocking,  18  vti.  S.  E.  Lancaster. 

Logan,  Wayne  co.  Missouri. 

Log-cily,  p-v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Loggerhead  Key,  El  Contoy,  small  isl.  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon. 
87°  45'  W.    Lat.  21°  25'  N. 

Log-house  landing,  p-v.  Hyde  co.  N.  C, 

Lognina,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Sicily.     Lon.  15°  12' E-    Lat.Se^SO'N. 

Logrono,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  on  the  Ebro,  27 
m.  N.  W.  Calahorra.  Lon.  2°  24'  E.  Lat.  42° 
23'  N.     Pop,  7,000. 

Logrono,  t.  Chili.  Lon.  71°  16'  W.  Lat.  33° 
38' S, 

Logwood  Lagoon,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Yu- 
catan.    Lon.  88°  20'  W.    Lat.  20°  57'  N. 

Lohaghur,  the  Iron  Fort,  a  celebrated  fortress 
of  Hindostan,  in  Dowletabad,  20  m.  N.W.  Poona. 
It  has  lately  been  taken  by  the  British. 

Lohaghur,  fort.  Hind,  in  Gundwaueh.  Lon. 
81°  10'  E.    Lat.  20°  25'  N.    . 

Loheia,  city  of  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Red  Sea,  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  bay.  The 
harbour  is  shallow.  A  considerable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  in  coffee.    Lon.  42°  44'  E.  Lat.  15°  44'  N. 

Lohnhut,  t.  Netherlands,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ant- 
werp.    Pop.  1,600. 

Lohr,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Maine,  35  m, 
E.  S.  E.  Frankfort.     Fop.  3,000. 

Lohurdunga,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  2' 
E.    Lat.  23°  28' N, 

Loing,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Seine  be- 
tween Melnn  and  Montereau. 

Loir  and  Cher,  a  department  in  the  central  part 
of  France.  Extent,  2,600  sq.  miles.  Pop.  212,000. 
Blois  is  the  capital. 

Loir,  Le^  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Sarthe. 
Its  course  is  upwards  of  100  miles,  and  it  is  navi- 
gable 60  miles. 

Loire,  La,  r,  the  longest  in  France,  rises  in  the 
S.  E.  of  the  kingdom,  among  the  mountains  of  the 
Cevcnnes,  department  of  the  Ardeche,  and,  after 
flowing  more  than  500  miles,  falls  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, about  40  m.  below  Nantes.  It  becomes  navi- 
gable atRoanne,  40  m.N.W.  of  Lyons.  It  commu- 
nicates with  the  Seine  by  the  canal  of  Orleans, 
and  with  the  Rhone,  through  a  canal  which  joins 
it  with  the  Saone,  thus  forming  a  water  communi- 
cation between  the  Atlantic  and  Mediterranean, 
through  the  very  heart  of  the  kingdom.  The 
principal  towns  which  it  passes  in  its  course  are 
Orleans,  Blois,  Tours,  Saumur,  and  Nantes, 

Loire,  department,  France,  situated  in  the  lati- 
tude of  Lyons,  and  adjoining  the  departments  of 
the  Rhone  and  the  Isere.  Extent,  2,000  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  316,000.     Montbrison  is  the  capital. 

Loire,  Haute,  or  Upper,  department  in  the  S.  E. 
of  France,  adjoining  the  departments  of  the  Puy 
de  Dome,  the  Ardeche,  and  the  Lozere.  Extent, 
1,870  square  miles.  Pop,  268,000,  Le  Puy  is  the 
capital. 

Loire,  Inftrieure  or  Lower,  department  in  the 


L  O  M 

W.  ol  France,  bounded  by  the  Atlantic  and  the 
departments  of  the  lUe-and-Vilaine,  Maine-and- 
Loire,  Vendee,  and  Morbihan.  Extent,  nearly 
3,000  square  miles.  Pop.  408,000.  Nantes  is  the 
capital. 

Loire,  t.  France,  dep,  of  the  Rhone,  9  m.  N. 
Condrieux.     Pop,  1,500, 

Loiret,  department  in  the  central  part  of  France, 
bounded  by  the  departments  of  the  Seine-and-Oise, 
the  Seine-and-Marne,  the  Yonne,  the  Cher,  the 
Loir-and-Cher,  and  the  Eure-and-Loir,  Extent, 
2,700  square  miles.  Pop,  586,000.  Orleans  ia 
the  capital. 

Loiret,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Loire  at 
St.  Menin. 

Loiron,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  12  m,  N,  Cra- 
onne.     Pop.  1,600. 

Loits,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  24  m.  S.  Stral- 
sund.  Lon.  13°  5'  E.  Lat.  53°  56'  N.  Pop, 
1,400. 

Lokeren,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  on 
the  Durme,  which  communicates  with  the  Scheldt 
by  a  canal.  It  carries  on  a  brisk  trade  in  com, 
flax,  hemp,  and  linen.  Its  manufactures  consist 
of  woollens,  printed  cotton,  lace,  and  hats.  It  has 
likewise  extensive  tobacco  works,  and  oil  mills. 
12  m.  N.  E.  Ghent.     Pop.  12,800. 

Lokman,  v.  Irak  Arabi,  on  the  Tigris,  16  m.  N- 
Bagdad. 

Lolldong,  celebrated  pass.  Hind,  between  Del- 
hi and  Serinagur,     Lon.  78°  16'  E.  Lat.  29°  52'  N. 

Loma,  Punla  de  la,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, the  S.  W.  cape  of  the  entrance  into  port  St, 
Diego,  in  New  Albion.     Lat.  33°  28'  N. 

Lombardo- Venetian  Kingdom,  the  name  given, 
since  the  congress  of  Vienna  in  1815,  to  the  whole 
of  Austrian  Italy.  See  Italy,  Italy  Austrian,  Mi- 
lan, and  Venice. 

Lombardy,  country  of  Northern  or  Upper  Italy, 
The  name,  though  properly  applicable  only  to  the 
the  Vale  of  the  Po,  is  commonly  given  to  the 
whole  tract  of  country  lying  between  the  Alps  and 
the  Appennines,  or,  to  speak  Avith  more  precision, 
between  the  frontiers  ot  Switzerland  and  Tusc^any. 
It  is  about  250  miles  in  length,  and  150  at  its  great- 
est breadth.  It  corresponds  in  a  great  measure  to 
the  Gallia  Cisalpina  of  the  Romans,  and  derived 
its  present  names  from  the  Lombards,  a  people  wh® 
conquered  it  in  the  sixth  century,  and  retained  it 
under  the  form  of  a  kingdom  till  the  eighth.  It 
comprehends  the  Milanese,  along  with  a  portioa 
of  the  Sardinian  territory,  Parma,  Modena,  the 
Papal  legations,  and  a  considerable  part  of  the 
Austro-Italian  government  of  Venice. 

Lombes,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  on  the  Save,  22  m. 
S.  by  E.  Mirande.     Pop.  1,500. 

Lomblem  Isle,  one  of  the  Sunda  islands,  between 
8°  and  9°  S.  lat. 

Lombock,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  about  53  mile? 
long  and  45  broad.  It  is  separated  from  the  island 
of  Bally,  by  the  straits  of  Lombock,  and  from  Sum- 
bawa  by  the  straits  of  Alias.  Lon.  115°  43'  E, 
Lat.  8°  45'  S. 

Lommatsch,  t.  Saxony,  23  m.  N.  W.  Dresden 
Pop.  1,300. 

Lommersum,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Clevea- 
and-Berg,  9  m.  W.  N,  W,  Bonn.     Pop.  1,100. 

Lomnitz,  t.  Moravia,  15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Brunn, 
Pop.  1,100. 

Lomond,  Loch,  a  beautiful  lake,  Scotland,  in 
Dumbartonshire,  about  30  miles  long,  and  in  some 
places  8  or  9  miles  broad,  remarkable  for  the 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery  on  its  shores. 


L  O  N 


L  O  N 


411 


Lomsffl,  t.  Poland,  79  m.  N.  E.  Warsaw.  Lon. 
S&o  4(y  E.  Lat.  53°  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Lona^  small  r.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  Lucca, 
which  flows  into  the  gulf  of  Genoa. 

Londersede,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant, 
ijear  Brussels.     Pop.  3,200. 

London^  the  capital  of  England,  and  metropolis 
of  the  united  kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, comprises  in  its  widest  sense  the  ancient 
city  of  that  name,  the  city  of  Westminster,  the  bo- 
rough of  Southwark,  and  their  respective  suburbs. 
These  form  one  vast  metropolis,  which  is  certainly 
the  largest  and  most  wealthy,  and  perhaps  the 
most  populous  in  the  world.  The  cathedral 
church  of  St.  Paul,  which  is  nearly  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  is  in  lat.  51°  31'  N.  and  lon.  0°  5'  37 
W.  The  cities  of  London  and  Westminster  are 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Thames  ;  and  the  borough  of  Southwark  is  on  the 
S.  bank,  in  the  county  of  Surry.  The  greatest 
extent  of  London  is  from  W.  to  E.  nearly  7  miles. 
The  circumference  is  about  30  miles.  The  inclu- 
ded area  is  11,520  square  acres.  London  may  be 
considered  as  divided  into  five  separate  districts. 
Ist,  The  City  of  London,  where  the  commerce 
and  most  of  the  trade  of  the  metropolis  is  conduct- 
ed ;  which  accordingly  consists  chiefly  of  shops, 
warehouses,  wharfs,  public  oflUces,  and  counting- 
houses.  2dly,  Westminster,  which  contains  the 
royal  palaces,  the  houses  of  lords  and  commons,  the 
courts  of  law,  and  government  offices.  3dly,  The 
West  end  of  the  tovm.  This  is  the  best  and  most 
feshionable  part  of  the  town.  4thly,  7%c  East  end 
f^the  town,  which  is  devoted  to  commerce,  to  ship 
building,  and  the  various  trades  connected  with 
shipping.  Here  are  also  the  London,  West  India, 
Smd  East  India  docks.  5thly,  Southwark,  and  the 
places  contiguous,  which  are  also  devoted  to  com- 
merce and  ship-building  ;  and  distinguished  by  a 
vast  number  of  manufactories,  iran-foundries, 
♦lass-houses,  &c. 

The  main  streets  of  London  run  parallel  with 
the  Thames  from  E.  to  W.  and  the  cross  streets 
run  mostly  from  N.  to  S.  The  streets  near  the 
Thames,  and  most  of  the  cross  streets  in  the  city, 
are  very  narrow.  All  the  streets  are  well  paved 
with  granite  stones,  set  end  ways  for  the  car- 
riages ;  and  on  the  sides  with  flag-stones,  for  foot 
passengers.  Underneath  the  pavements  are  large 
vaulted  sewers,  which  communicate  with  each 
house  by  drains,  with  each  other  by  proper  open- 
ings, and  with  the  surface  of  the  streets  by  grat- 
ings, so  as  to  carry  off  all  the  filth  and  waste  water 
into  the  river  Thames.  The  subterranean  works 
of  London,  consisting  of  sewers,  drains,  water 
pipes,  and  gas  pipes,  are  most  extensive  and  curi- 
ous. The  city  contains  about  8,000  streets,  lanes, 
alleys,  courts,  &c.  ;  60  squares,  and  160,000  hou- 
Sfes,  ware-houses,  and  other  buildings.  These  are 
mostly  built  of  brick,  of  a  pale  colour. 

The  principal  public  buildings  inthe  city,  and  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  are  the  tower ;  the  new 
mint ;  the  trinity-house  ;  the  bank  ;  the  mansion- 
house;  the  royal  exchange ;  the  East  India  house  ; 
the  auction  mart ;  the  commercial  mart;  the  London 
institution ;  the  custom-house  ;  the  excise-office  ; 
guildhall ;  the  bridges  of  London,  Southwark,  and 
Blackfriars  ;  the  monument ;  the  post-ofl[ice  ;  New- 
gate ;  Giltspur-street  compter ;  Whitecross-street 
prison  ;  St.Luke's  hospital;  the  churches  of  St.Paul, 
St.  Stephen's,  Walbrook,  St.  Mary-le-bone,  and  St. 
Bride's,  Fleet-street.  The  tower  is  chiefly  used 
as  a  state  prison  and  depository  ibr  arras,  records, 


and  property  belonging  to  the  crown.  The  ca- 
thedral church  of  SL  Paul  holds  the  most  distin- 
guished rank  among  the  modern  works  of  archi- 
tecture in  the  British  empire.  It  was  commenced, 
in  1675  and  finished  in  1710,  by  one  architect,  sir 
Christopher  Wren,  at  an  expence  of  747,954i.  The 
principal  public  buildings  west  of  the  city,  exclu- 
sive of  the  royal  palaces  and  houses  of  the  nobility, 
are  Westminster  abbey  ;  Westminster  hall ;  Som- 
erset-house ;  the  king's  theatre,  or  opera-house  ; 
the  theatres  of  Covent-garden.  Drury-lane,  the 
Hay-market,  the  English  opera-house,  aiid  the 
British  museum. 

But  the  most  interesting  architectural  objects  in 
London  are  its  bridges.  London  bridge  however, 
is  a  clumsy  structure.  The  narrowness  of  its  arch- 
es obstructs  and  endangers  the  navigation,  while 
their  unequal  sizes  offend  the  eye.  This  bridge  is, 
in  fact,  like  a  thick  wall,  pierced  with  small  une- 
qual holes,  through  which  the  current  rushes  with 
great  velocity.  The  fall  at  about  half  ebb  tide,  is 
very  great,  and  the  passage  dangerous  for  boats 
and  barges.  This  bridge  is  915  feet  long,  and  45 
broad.  It  has  been  calculated  that  there  pass  dai- 
ly over  London  bridge,  89,640  foot  passengers,  769 
waggons,  2,924  carts  and  drays,  1,240  coaches, 
485  gigs  and  taxed  carts,  and  764  saddle  horses. 
Westminster  bridge  cost  400,000Z.  and  Blackfriar, 
150,840/.  The  Strand,  or  Waterloo  bridge,  is  one 
of  the  noblest  structures  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 
It  was  begun  in  1811,  and  opened  in  1817,  on  the 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  It  consists 
of  nine  equal  arches,  each  of  120  feet  span.  It  is 
built  of  granite,  under  the  direction  of  John  Ren- 
nie,  Esq.  and  cost  the  subscribers  upwards  of 
1,000,000/.  The  Southwark  bridge,  opened  in 
May  1819,  was  built  by  private  subscription,  un- 
der the  direction  of  Mr.  Rennie.  It  consists  of 
three  arches,  of  which  the  centre  is  240  feet  span, 
and  each  of  the  side  ones  210  feet.  The  arches 
are  of  iron,  springing  from  stone  piers  and  abut- 
ments. The  Vauxhall  bridge  contains  nine  arches 
of  78  feet  span  each. 

The  following  table  shews  the  increase  of  the 
population  of  London  from  1700  to  1811,  In  this 
calculation,  one  twenty-fifth  part  is  added  for  oc- 
casional visitants,  sailors,  &c. 


1700. 

1750. 

1801. 

1811. 

I-ondon  with- 

in the  walls,  139,300 

87,000 

78,000 

57,700 

Without    the 

walls, 

69,000 

57,300 

56,300 

68,000 

Westminster, 

130,000 

152,000 

165,000 

168,000 

Out   parishes 

within     the 

bills  of  mor- 

tality, 

326,900 

357,600 

477,700 

593,700 

Parishes    not 

within     the 

bills  of  mor- 

tality. 

9,150 

22,350 

123,000 

162,000 

Total, 

674,350 

676,250 

900,000 

1,050,000 

The  annual  mortality  has  greatly  diminished 
since  1700,  when  it  was  1  in  25  ;  it  is  now  about  1 
in  38. 

It  is  calculated  that  London  contains  122  church- 
es of  tlie  established  religion,  120  chapels  of  ease, 
in  parishes  where  the  population  is  too  great  for 
their  respective  churches  ;  30  churches  and  chap- 
els belonging  to  foreign  Christians ;  six  syna- 
gogues of  the  Jews ;  and  about  200  meeting-houses 
of  the  different  denomrnations  of  dissenters  and 


412 


L  O  N 


L  O  N 


Roman  Catholics. — The  public  charities  of  Lon- 
don, (exclusive  of  parochial  establishments,) 
chiefly  consist  of  22  hospitals  for  the  sick,  hurt,  lu- 
natick,  and  pregnant ;  41  free  schools,  with  per- 
petual endowments,  for  the  maintenance  and  edu- 
cation of  3,500  poor  children  ;  18  asylums  of  ref- 
uge for  destitute  foreigners,  repentant  prostitutes, 
juvenile  delinquents,  and  the  children  of  crimi- 
nals ;  107  alms-houses,  20  dispensaries  lor  afford- 
ing to  the  poor,  medicines  and  advice  gratuitously. 
The  average  amount  of  the  poor's  rate  during  the 
three  years,  from  1813  to  1815,  was  more  than 
530,000/.  and  the  number  of  poor  relieved  was 
117,316  annually.  Tlie  whole  amount  annually 
expended  in  the  metropolis,  in  support  of  charita- 
ble institutions,  including  the  poor's  rate,  is  esti- 
mated at  one  million  sterlmg. 

The  commerce  of  London  has  increased  wonder- 
fully within  a  century.  In  1701,  there  were  360 
vessels  belongmg  to  this  port,  carrying  84,882  tons, 
and  10,065  men  ;  in  1732,  1,417  vessels,  carrying 
178,557  tons,  and  21,797  men.  The  ofii'-ial  value  of 
the  imports  in  1800  was  18,843,172/.  2s.  lOd.,  and 
of  the  exports,  25,428,922/.  16s.  Id.  Their  real 
value  was  68,000,000/.  neai'ly  two  thirds  of  the 
whole  trade  of  the  kingdom.  The  total  amount  of 
the  imports  and  exports  of  London,  is  now  about 
70,000,000/.  annually.  The  v«sselb  belonging  to  the 
port  now  amount  on  an  average  to  3,000,  carrying 
600,000  tons,and  45.000  men.  About  one-sixth  of  the 
tonnage,and  one-fourth  of  the  men,are  employed  in 
the  East  In  Jia  trade,  and  aboui  one  sixtli  of  the  ton- 
nage, and  about  one  third  of  the  men,  in  the  West 
India  trade.  The  manufactures  of  London  consist 
chiefly  of  silk,  cutlery,  jewelry,  watches,  japan- 
ware,  cut  glass,  books,  cabinet  work,  carriages, 
and  other  fine  goods  and  articles  of  elegant 
use.  The  manufactures  of  silk  in  Spitalfields,  and 
of  watches  m  Clerkenwell,  usually  employ  about 
7000  people  each.  In  general  the  London  manu- 
factures are  esteemed  the  most  excellent  of  their 
respective  kinds,  and  produce  higher  prices  than 
those  oi  any  other  place. 

The  following  ai'e  among  the  calamities  record- 
fed  in  the  history  of  London.  In  664,  the  city  was 
ravaged  by  the  plague.  In  764,  798,  801,  and 
1077,  it  suffered  severely  by  fires.  In  1090,  a  tre- 
mendous hurricane  overthrew  600  houses.  In 
1258,  20,000  persons  died  of  hunger.  In  1348,  a 
terrible  pestilence  commenced,  which  lasted  seve- 
ral years,  and  destroyed  about  100,000  inhabi- 
tants. In  1407  the  plague  carried  off  30,000  ;  in 
15t)0,  30,000,  and  in  1603,  a  greater  number.  In 
1665,  the  great  plague  carried  off  68,850  persons, 
according  to  the  bills  returned,  but  the  real  num- 
ber was  much  greater.  The  next  year  a  fire  broke 
out  which  destroyed  13,200  dwelling  houses,  and 
the  loss  was  estimated  at  more  than  10,000,000/. 
sterling.  In  1739,  1740,  happened  one  of  the  most 
intense  frosts  ^ver  known  in  England. 

London,  JVcw,  See  Xew-London. 

London,  district.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie, 
Comprising  the  counties  of  Norfolk,  Middlesex, 
and  Oxford. 

London,  t.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md.  5  m.  S.  W.  An- 
napolis. 

London,  p-v.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 

London  brilain,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  404. 

London  harbour,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lon. 
630  8'W.Lat.46O26'N. 

Londonderry,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  S.  by 
Tyrone  ;  W.  by  Donegal ;  N.  by  the  Scottish  sea; 
B,  by  Antrim,  and  the  river  Bann.    Area,  51 1,688 


English  acres,  or  798  square  miles.  Pop.  accor- 
dmgto  census  in  1818,  186,000  consisting  of  27,000 
Episcopalians,  53,000  Presbyterians,  and  106,000 
Catholics. 

Londonderry,  capital  of  the  above  county,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  Foyle.  The  old  walls, 
flanked  with  bastions,  which  were  built  in  1614, 
still  remain  in  fine  repair,  and  are  an  ornament  to 
the  place.  A  very  extensive  commercial  inter- 
course is  carried  on  chiefly  to  the  West  Indies  and 
America.  The  harbour  is  deep,  wide,  and  tolera- 
bly secure.  Pop.  including  suburbs,  1 8,500.  1 15 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Dublin,  58  W.  N.  W.  Belfast.  Lon, 
7°  15'  W.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Londonderry,  t.  Halifax  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
N.  side  of  Cobequid  river,  which  runs  into  tlie  ba- 
sin of  Minas  30  miles  below. 

Londonderry,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  25  m. 
S.  Concord,  36  S.  W.  by  W.  Portsmouth.  Pop. 
2,766,  chiefly  descendants  of  emigrants  from  Ire- 
land. It  is  a  valuable  agricultural  township,  and 
considerable  attention  is  paid  to  manufactures.  It 
is  divided  into  2  parishes,  and  contains  2  Presby- 
terian churches,  and  a  well  endowed  academy. 

Londonderry,  p-t.  'Windham  co.  Vt.  27  m.  S.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  637. 

Londonderry,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,164. 

Londonderry,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,411. 

Londonderry,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Fop.  486. 

London  grove,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Londres,  or  London,  t.  S.America,  in  Tucuman. 
Lat.  19°  12'  S. 

Long  hay,  bay  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  and  S.  C.  be- 
tween the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river,  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Pedee. 

Long  beach.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario. 
From  its  W.  point  the  boundary  between  York 
and  Durham  counties  commences. 

Long,  or  Eighteen  mile  beach,  on  the  coast  of 
N.  J.  between  Barnegat  bay  and  Little  Egg-har- 
bour inlet. 

Lovg  Benton,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  8  m, 
fromlfartlv.     Pop.  1,687. 

Long  bottom,  p-t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Lonsc  creek,  p-v.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

Longmil,  barony,  Huntington  and  Kent  coun- 
ties, Lov^-^er  Canada,  on  the  river  Sorel,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Montreal.  It  contains  the  town  of  Dorchester, 
and  the  fort  of  St.  John. 

Lonseuil,  seigniory,  Kent  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Mon- 
treal. 

Long  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Bil- 
liton.     Lon.  107°  30'  E.  Lat.  2°  51'  S. 

Long  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Madura.     Lon.  113°  5'  E.  Lat.  T  16'  S. 

Long  Island,  isl.  in  Queen  Charlotte's  sound,  oa 
the  coast  of  New  Zealand,  9  m.  S.  Port  Jackson. 

Long  Island,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  New  Guinea,  in 
1°  S.  lat. 

Long  Island,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  10°  2.S'S. 

Long  Island,  isl.  in  Penobscot  bay,  Maine.  On 
this  inland  is  the  town  of  Islesborough. 

Lo7ig  Island,  isl.  belongins:  to  the  state  of  New- 
York.  It  extendi  in  length  from  the  city  of  New- 
York,  in  an  easterly  direction,  140  miles.  Its 
average  breadth  is  10,  and  it  contains  1,400  sq. 
miles.  It  is  divided  into  three  counties,  King's, 
Queen's,  and  Suffolk:  and  these  again  into  19 
townships.  The  north  side  of  the  island  is  rough 
and  hilly,  but  the  soil  is  well  calculated  for  raising 
griin,  hay,  and  fruit.  The  south  sid^  of  the  isl- 
and lies  low,  with  a  light  sandy  soil,  but  well 


L  O  N 

adapted  to  grain,  particularly  Indian  corn.  On 
the  sea  coast  are  extensive  tracts  of  salt  meadow, 
which  extend  from  Southampton  to  the  W .  end  of 
the  island.  King's  county,  at  the  west  end  of  the 
island,  is  inhabited  chiefly  lay  Dutch.  This  coun- 
ty, and  the  western  part  of  Queen's,  have  been 
rendered  fertile  and  productive  by  husbandry. 
The  greater  part  of  Suffolk  has  a  poor  thin  soil, 
and  much  of  it  is  not  worth  cultivating,  yet  it  is 
well  furnished  with  wood,  and  sends  large  quanti- 
ties of  this  article  to  the  New- York  market.  A 
narrow  beach  of  sand  and  stones  runs  along  the  S. 
side  of  the  island  for  100  miles.  There  are  vari- 
ous inlets  through  the  beach,  which  admit  vessels 
of  60  or  70  tons.  The  long  narrow  bay  formed  by 
the  beach  is,  in  the  widest  places,  3  miles  broad. 
Pop.  m  1790,  41,782;  in  1800,  42,097;  and  in 
1810,48,752. 

Long  Island,  small  isl.  in  Chesapeak  bay,  near 
the  coast  of  Va.  at  the  mouth  of  York  river. 

Long,  or  Great  island,  in  Holston  river,  Ten- 
nessee, 43  m.  from  Abingdon,  Va.  and  100  above 
Knoxville. 

Long  Island,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  76°  58'  VV.  Lat.  17°  51'  N. 

Long  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Antigua. 
Lon.  61°  28'  W.  Lat.  11°  17'  N. 

Long  Island,  isl.  in  Hudson's  straits.  Lon.  75° 
W.Lat.6iON. 

Long  Island,  one  of  the  smaller  Bermuda  isl- 
ands. 

Long  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  56'  W.  Lat.  27° 
50' N. 

Long  Island  Sound,  a  kind  of  inland  sea,  from 
3  to  25  miles  broad,  and  about  140  miles  long,  ex- 
tending the  whole  length  of  Long 'Island,  and  divi- 
ding it  from  Connecticut.  It  communicates  with 
tlie  ocean  at  both  ends  of  Long  Island  ;  and  affords 
a  very  safe  and  convenient  inland  navigation. 

Long  Kty,  Middle,  •North,  and  South,  3  small 
islands  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lon.  88°  50'  W.  Lat.  16°  57'  N. 

Long,  or  Loung,  Loch,  an  extensive  arm  of  the 
vxSu,  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Clyde,  separating  the 
cjunties  of  Argyle  and  Dumbarton. 

Longmeadow,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  6  m.  S.  Springfield,  97 
W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,036. 

Longmire's  store,  p-v.  Edgefield  district,  S.  C 

Long  Xose,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  151°  15'  E.  Lat.  35°  6'  S. 

Long  point,  or  Abineau,  peninsula,  Up.  Cana- 
di,  in  lake  Erie,  projecting  18  miles  into  the  lake. 
Boats  are  taken  across  it  about  4  miles  from  the 
main,  where  it  is  only  about  20  yards  wide. 

Long  pond,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  chiefly 
in  Bridgetown,  10  miles  long,  and  1  broad. 

Long  sioamp,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  998. 

Longanico,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  VTorea,  30  m. 
S.  Patras.     Lon.  21°  51'  E.  Lat.  37°  34'  N. 

Longari,  lofty  peak  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  in  lat. 
3-5°  30'  S.  said  to  be  20,000  feet  high. 

Longford,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  W.  by  Ros- 
C()mmon,  N.  by  Leitrim  and  Cavan,  and  E.  and  S. 
by  Westmeath.  Extent,  366  square  miles.  Pop. 
about  50,000. 

Longford,  i.  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  the  above  coun- 
t3',  on  the  Camlin,  40  m.  S.  S.  W.  Sbgo,  58  W.  N. 
\/.  Dublin.     Lon.  7°  45'  W.  Lat.  52°  42'  N. 

Loni^furd,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  6i  m.  S.by  E. 
Ashborae, 


LOO 


413 


Longjumeau,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  12 
m.  S.  E.  Versailles.    Pop.  1,400. 

Longness  Point,  the  S.  point  of  the  Isle  of  Man, 
10  m.  S.  W.  Douglas. 

Longny,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  9  m.  E.  Mortagne. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Longoribo,  r.  Brazil,  which  enters  the  Atlantic 
opposite  the  island  of  "Taponica. 

Longotoma,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  Pacific 
ocean,^inlat.  31°40'S. 

Longpaon,  v.  France,  in  Lower-Seine,  netu' 
Rouen.     Pop.  2,000. 

Longport,  v.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  adjoining 
Newcastle-under-Line. 

Longton,  t  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  S.  W. 
Preston.     Pop.  1,340. 

Longtown,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  on  the 
borders  of  Scotland,  on  the  Esk  or  Liddel,  9  m.  N. 
Carlisle,  310  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  58'  W.  Lat. 
55°  1'  N.     Pop.  1,325. 

Longtown,  t.  Eng.  in  Herefordshire,  17  m.  S.  W. 
Hereford.     Pop.  844. 

Longue,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  7  m.  N. 
Saumur.     Pop.  3,600. 

Longuen,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  Maule,  near 
its  mouth. 

Longuyon,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  22  m.  W.  Thi- 
onville.     Pop.  1,600. 

Longwood,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  W.  Hud- 
dersfield.     Pop.  1,461. 

Longwy,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  built  on  a  rockjT 
eminence,  and  strongly  fortified  in  the  style  of 
Vauban.  20  m.  S.  W.  Luxemburg,  32  N.  by  W. 
Metz.    Pop.  2,200. 

Lonicera,  p-v.  Baldwin  co.  Geo. 

Lonigo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  17  m.  E.  by  S.  Ve- 
rona. 

Lonlay  VAbbaye,  t.  France,  4  m.  N.  W.  Dom- 
front.     Pop.  3,300. 

Lonneker,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  32  m, 
E.  Deventer.    Pop.  1,300. 

Lons  le  Saulnier,  t.  France,  capital  of  Jura. 
Here  is  a  silver  mine,  and  salt  works  of  considera- 
ble extent.  Pop.  7,000.  62  m.  S.  E.  Dijon,  269 
S.  E.  Paris.    Lon.  5°  35'  E.  Lat.  46°  41'  N. 

Lontar  Pulo,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  sepa- 
rated from  Malacca  by  a  narrow  strait.  Lon.  99  • 
E.  Lat.  70°  30'  N. 

Lontor,  or  Lantour,  one  of  the  Banda  isles,  di- 
vided by  a  narrow  strait  from  the  island  of  Neira.  ' 

Lonton,  v.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  60  m.  S. 
E.  Gallam. 

Loo,  I.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  10  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Ypres.     Pop.  1,400. 

Loochoo  Islands,  called  by  Mr.  Macleod,  Lew- 
chew,  and  by  others,  Liqueo,  or  Lieoukiou,  a  group 
in  the  Eastern  ocean,  S.  of  Japan,  and  about  400 
or  500  miles  E.  of  China.  They  consist  of  36  isl- 
ands. Great  Loochoo  is  50  miles  long,  and  from 
12  to  15  broad.  It  was  very  imperfectly  known  to 
Europeans,  till  visited  by  captains  Maxwell  and 
Hall,  in  their  return  from  the  late  embassy  to 
China.  The  climate  and  sod  seem  to  be  among 
the  happiest  on  the  globe.  The  whole  coast  is  sur- 
rounded with  coral  reefs.  There  are,  however, 
several  excellent  harbours.  The  inhabitants  are 
of  a  diminutive  stature,  the  average  height  of  the 
men  not  exceeding  five  feet  two  inches.  They 
are,  however,  strong,  well  made,  and  athletic. 
Their  lineaments  and  appearance  indicate  a  de- 
scent from  Japan  or  Corea.  In  complexion  they 
are  quite  as  fair  as  the  natives  of  Spain  or  Porta- 


414 


LOR 


LOS 


gal.  Their  disposition  appears  to  be  peculiarly 
gay,  gentle,  and  amiable,  and  they  seem  to  be  gift- 
ed with  a  remarkable  natural  politeness.  The 
capital  is  Kintching,  in  Ion.  127°  52'  E.  Lat.  26° 
14°  N. 
Loo  Christy,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders, 

5  m.  N.  E.  Ghent.     Pop.  3,100. 

Looe,  East,  borough  and  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cornwall, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Looe,  over  which  there  is  a 
bridge  connecting  the  town  with  West  Looe.  63 
m.  S.  W.  Exeter.  Lon.  4°  26'  W.  Lat  15°  22'  N. 
Pop.  480. 

Lookout  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hudsons' 
bay.     Lon.  84°  W.  Lat.  56°  N. 

Lookout,  Cape,  cape  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon. 
89°  10' W.  Lat.  55°  30' N. 

Look-out,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  the  S. 
point  of  Ocrecock  inlet,  N.  E.  of  Cape  Fear,  and 
S.ofCapeHatteras.  Lon.  76°  37' VV.  Lat  34° 
22'  N.  Here  was  formerly  an  excellent  harbour, 
but  it  is  now  filled  up  with  sand. 

Lookout,  Cape,  or  De  las  Desiolos,  cape  on  the 
E.  coast  of  S.  America.  Lon.  66°  9'  W.  Lat  48° 
24' S. 

Lookout,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia, 
in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  48°  32'  S. 

Lookout,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  236°  11'  E.  Lat  45°  32'  N. 

Lookout  Mountain,  a  range  of  mountains  exten- 
ding about  30  miles,  across  the  boundary,  between 
Georgia  and  Tennessee,  and  terminating  abruptly 

6  miles  E.  of  the  Suck  in  Tennessee  river,  8  W. 
Brainerd.     It  is  about  2,000  feet  high. 

Lookout,  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  cojist  of  New 
Holland.     Lat.  14°  51°  S. 

Lookout,  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.    Lon.  153°  31'  E.  Lat.  27°  27'  S. 

Loonghee,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon.  91°  55'  E.  Lat.  19° 
41' N. 

Loosduinen,  v.  Netherlands,  4  m.  S.  S.  W.  of  the 
Hague.     Pop.  1,500. 

Loose,  t  Eng.  in  Kent,  2^  m.  S.  Maidstone.  Pop. 
868. 

Looseigna,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  84°  58'  E. 
Lat.  24°  20'  N. 

Lootz,  or  Borchloen,  t.  Netherlands,  14  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Liege.      Pop.  1,400. 

Loppersum,  v.  Netherlands,  5  m.  W.  Delfzyl. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Loquiers,  or  Loquires,  Pointe  de,  cape  on  the 
W.  coast  of  France.  Lon.  3°  34'  W.  Lat  48° 
48' N. 

Lora,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir, 
8  m.  N.  Carmona.     Pop.  3,000. 

Lora,  r.  Chili,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean 
inlat34°  46'S. 

Loramie''s  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Miami  above  Piqua. 

Lorca,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  on  the  Sangonera. 
It  contains  9  churches  and  several  monasteries. 
The  chief  manufacture  is  saltpetre.  40  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Murcia,  47  W.  Carthagena.  Lon.  1°  22'  W. 
Lat.  37°  25'  N.     Pop.  22,000. 

Lorch,  t.  Wirtemberg,  6  m.  W.  Gemund.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Lord  Edgecumb^s  Island,  or  JVfw  Sark,  one  of 
Queen  Charlotte's  islands.  Lon.  165°  14'  E.  Lat 
11°  10' S. 

Lord  Hood's  Canal,  inlet  in  the  Gulf  of  New 
Georgia,  about  40  miles  from  north  to  south.  It 
communicates  with  Admiralty  inlet. 

Lord  Howe's  Groups  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the 


PaciAc  ocean,  discovered  by  captain  Httnter,  in 
1 79 1 .    Lon.  159°  24'  E.  Lat.  5°  30'  S. 

Lord  J^ortK's  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ; 
also  called  NeviVs  Island  and  Johnston's  Island. 
Lon.  131°  12'  E.  Lat.  3°  8'  N. 

Lorensana,  San  Vicente  de,  city,  Spanish  Amer- 
ica, 50  leagues  from  GuatimaJa. 

Lorenzo,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Peru,  opposite  the 
port  of  Callao.     Lat.  12°  4'  S. 

Loreo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  4  m.  E.  Adria.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Loreto,  t.  Paraguay,  on  the  Parana.  Lon.  55== 
34' 39"  W.  Lat  27°  19'58"S. 

Lorette,  La  Jeune,  Indian  v.  Lower  Canada,  9 
m.  from  Quebec. 

Loretto,  t  Italy,  in  the  Papal  state,  near  the  in- 
flux of  the  Musone  into  the  Adriatic.  It  is  sur- 
rounded with  a  rampart  and  a  deep  ditch.  It  owes 
its  celebrity  to  the  Sania  Casa,  or  house  said  to 
have  been  inhabited  by  the  Virgin  Mary  of  Naza- 
reth. 12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ancoua,  1 15  N.  N.  E.  Rome. 
Lon.  13°  35'  E.  Lat.  43°  27'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Loretto,  p-v.  Essex  co.  Va. 

Lorgues,  t.  France,  in  Var,  15  m.  W.  Frejus. 
Lon.  6°  36'  E.  Lat.  43°  29'  N.     Pop.  4,900. 

L^  Orient,  s-p.  in  the  N.  W.  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  on  the  bay  of  Port  Louis,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Scorf.  It  is  surrounded  by  good  fortifications. 
The  harbour  is  large  and  secure,  of  easy  access, 
and  sufficiently  deep  to  float  ships  of  war.  The 
trade  was  formerly  very  flourishing,  it  being  the 
principal  station  of  the  shipping  of  the  French 
E.  India  company.  It  has  still  some  trade,  particu- 
larly with  the  French  colonies  ;  and  is  a  place  of 
importance,  on  account  of  its  magazines  for  the  use 
of  the  royal  navy.  Pop.  18,000.  340  m.  W.  by 
S.  Paris,     Lon.  3°  21'  W.  Lat.  47°  45'  N. 

Lorn,  district,  Scotland,  in  the  N.  part  of  Argyle- 
shire. 

Loroux  Botterau,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferi- 
eure,  on  the  Loire,  12  m.  E.  Nantes.      Pop.  3,000. 

Lorrach,  t.  Baden,  6  m.  N.  E.  Bale.  Pop. 
1,900. 

Lorraine,  an  extensive  country  in  the  N.  E.  of 
France,  divided  at  present  into  the  departments  of 
Meuse,  Moselle,  Meurthe,  and  Vosges. 

Lorraine,  p-t  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  9  m.  E.  Lake 
Ontario,  150  W.  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  812. 

Lorris,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  28  m.  E.  Orleans. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Lorsch,  or  Laurisheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse- 
Darmstadt,  6  m.  E.  Worms.     Pop.  1,700. 

Los  Esteros  Bay,  bay  on  the  coast  of  New  Al- 
bion.    Lon.  239°  22'  E.  Lat  35°  31'  N. 

Losontz,  t.  Hungary,  34  m.  S.  E.  Altsohl.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Lossie,  r.  Scotland,  in  Morayshire,  which  falls 
into  the  sea  at  Lossiemouth. 

Lossiemouth,  v.  Scotland,  the  seaport  of  Elgin, 
distant  about  7  miles. 

Lossnifz,  t  Saxony,  50  m.  S.  W.  Dresden.  Lon. 
12°  37'  E.  Lat.  50°  32'  N.   Pop.  3,300. 

Lost  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Miami,  in  Miami  co. 

Lost  creek,  r.  Vigo  co.  Indiana,  which  flows  to- 
wards the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  but  before  reach- 
ing it,  is  lost  in  the  sands. 

Loslock,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  W.  Great 
Bolton. 

Lost  run,  r.  Vigo  co.  Indiana,  which  runs  to- 
wards Otter  creek,  but  before  reaching  it,  is  lost 
in  the  sands. 

Lostwithiel,  borough,  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the 


LOU 


LOU 


41S 


tlver  FoWey,  234  m.  W.  S.  W.  London.  Pop. 
y25. 

Losia,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Sosva, 
after  a  course  of  150  miles. 

Lot,  department  in  the  S.  of  France,  adjacent 
to  Dordo»ne,  Aveyron,  and  Upper  Garonne.  Ex- 
tent, 2,800  square  miles.  Pop.  272,000.  Cahors 
is  the  capital. 

Lot  and  Garonne,  department  in  the  S.  W.  of 
France,  bounded  by  Dordogne,  Lot,  Gers,  Landes, 
and  Gironde.  Extent,  2,200  square  miles.  Pop. 
326,000,  of  whom  nearly  30,000  are  Protestants. 
Agen  is  the  capital. 

Lot,  r.  France,  which  joins  the  Garonne. 

Lotbiniere,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m. 
S.  W.  Quebec.     Pop.  3,400. 

Lothian,  extensive  and  fertile  district,  Scotland, 
divided  iuto  three  shires,  viz.  East-Lothiau,  or 
Haddingtonshire  ;  Mid-Lothian,  or  Edinburgh- 
shire ;  and  West  Lothian,  or  Linlithgowshire. 

Loudeac,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  25  m.  S. 
St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Loudon,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  N.  E. 
Concord.     Pop.  148. 

Loudon,  ftlass.     See  Otis. 

Loudon,  CO.  Va.  on  the  Potomac.  Pop.  21,338. 
Slaves,  5,157.     Chief  town,  Leesburg. 

Loudontown,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

Loudonville,  v.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Loudun,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  28  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Poitiers.     Pop.  5,200. 

Lorell,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N.  Paris. 
Pop.  365. 

LoveWs  pond,  N.  H.  at  the  head  of  the  E.  branch 
of  thePiscataqua. 

Lovendegem,  t.  Netherlands,  6  m.  N.  W.  Ghent. 
Pop.  3,800. 

Lovenich,  t.  Prussian  states,  6  m.  W.  Cologne. 
Pop.  1,550. 

Loveton,  p-v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

Louer,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowletabad.  Lon.  47°  27' 
II.  Lat.  20°  25'  N. 

Lovere,  i.  Austrian  Italy,  in  Bergamo,  14  m.  N. 
Iseo.     Pop.  3,000. 

Loughborough,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicester,  on  the  Soar. 
Here  is  a  well  endowed  free  grammar  school.  The 
thief  manufactures  are  stockings,  and  cotton  spin- 
ring.  1 1  m.  N.  Leicester,  14  S.  Nottingham,  109 
N.  by  W.  London.     Pop.  5,400. 

Loughborough,  t.  Frontenac  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Loughborough  Canal,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
cf  America,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  30  miles  long 
:,nd  1  broad.     Lon.  234°  35'  E.  Lat.  50°  27'  N. 

Lougherty^s  Creek,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio  11  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Miami  river. 

Lougnon,  V  Oignon,  r.  France,  which  falls  into 
lie  Saone,  near  Pontarlier. 

Loughor,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorganshire,  8  m.  N. 
\\.  Swansea.  Lon.  4°  3'  W.  Lat.  51°  40'  N.  Pop. 
£91. 

Loughrea,  t.  Ireland,  in  Galway,  15  m.  S.  W. 
f^ralway. 

Louhans,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Saone,  28  m.  N. 
v..  Macon.     Pop.  3,000. 

Louin,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres.  22  m.  N.  W. 
loitiers.     Pop.  1,500. 

Lovington,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

Louisa,  CO.  in  the  central  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
11,900.     Slaves,  6,430. 

Louisa  chitto.     See  Bigblack. 

Itouisburg,  p-t.  and  cap,  Franklin  co.  N.  C.  on 


Tar  river,  23  m.N.E.  Raleigh,  104  from  Wash- 
ington. 

Louis,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Kergue- 
len's  Land.    Lon.  68°  18'  E.  Lai.  49°  2'  S. 

Louis,  Fort,  an  important  barrier  Ibrtress  in  the 
N.  E.  of  France,  constructed  by  Vauban  in  1686 ; 
on  an  island,  in  the  Rhine.  12  ra.  E.  Hagu- 
enau. 

Louise  de  Ramsay,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co. 
Lower  Canada. 

Louisiana.  This  name  was  originally  applied 
to  the  whole  country  West  of  the  Mississippi,  in- 
cluded within  the  limits  ol  the  present  States  of 
Louisiana  and  Missouri,  and  of  the  Arkansaw  and 
Missouri  territories.  In  1803,  this  country  was 
purchased  by  the  U.  S.  from  France,  for  about 
$15,000,000.  Its  boundaries  have  been  a  subject 
of  much  dispute  ;  but  by  the  treaty  with  Spain, 
ratified  the  present  year,  (1821)  the  controversy 
is  finally  settled,  hy  this  treaty,  the  boundary 
on  the  side  of  the  Spanish  dominions,  begins  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  Sabine  river,  and 
proceeds  up  that  river  to  the  parallel  of  32°  N. 
lat. ;  thence  due  N.  to  Red  river ;  thence  up  Red 
river  to  the  meridian  of  100°  W.  lon.  ;  thence 
along  that  meridian  to  Arkansaw  river  ;  thence 
up  the  Arkansaw  to  its  source,  and  to  the  parallel 
of  42°  N.  lat. ;  thence  along  that  parallel  to  the 
Pacific  ocean.  The  cession  of  Florida  by  Spain 
puts  an  end  to  the  dispute  respecting  the  boundary 
in  that  quarter.  The  northern  boundary  remains 
to  be  adjusted. 

Louisiana,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Ar- 
kansaw Territory ;  E.  by  the  State  of  Mississippi; 
S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico  ;  and  W.  by  the  Spanisk 
dominions.  The  boundary  runs  as  follows  :  Be- 
ginning in  Mississippi  river,  at  33°  N.  lat.  it  pro- 
ceeds down  the  river  to  lat.  31°  ;  thence  along 
that  parallel  to  Pearl  river ;  down  Pearl  river  to 
the  gulf  of  Mexico;  along  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in- 
cluding all  the  islands  within  six  leagues  of  the 
shore,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sabine ;  up  the  Sabine 
to  the  parallel  of  32°  N.  lat. ;  thence  due  N.  to  the 
parallel  of  33°  ;  thence  E.  along  that  parallel  t» 
the  place  of  beginning.  It  extends  from  lat.  29° 
to  33°  N.  and  from  lon.  89°  to  94°  W.  and  con- 
tains 48,220  square  miles,  or  30,860,800  acres. 
On  the  gulf  of  Mexico  it  reaches  from  Pearl  river 
to  the  Sabine.  The  Mississippi  river  forms  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  State  from  lat.  33°  to  31° 
N.  In  lat.  31°  Red  river  empties  itself  into  the 
Mississippi  from  the  N.  W.  Below  the  mouth  of 
Red  river,  the  Misissippi,  instead  of  receiving  the 
tribute  of  inferior  streams,  divides  into  numerous 
branches  or  outlets,  which,  diverging  from  each 
other,  slowly  wind  their  way  to  the  sea,  forming 
what  is  called  the  Delta  of  the  Mississippi.  Of 
these  outlets,  the  most  western  is  the  Atchafalaya, 
which  leaves  the  main  stream  3  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  Red  river,  and  diverging  westward, 
flows  into  Atchafalaya  bay,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
About  128  miles  below  the  Atchafalaya,  is  the 
outlet  of  the  Plaquemine,  its  main  stream  unites 
with  the  Atchafalaya ;  but  it  has  other  communi- 
cations intersecting  the  country  in  different  direc- 
tions. Thirty-one  miles  below  the  Plaquemine, 
and  81  above  New-Orleans,  is  the  outlet  of  La 
Fourche,  which  communicates  with  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  by  two  mouths.  Below  the  La  Fourche, 
numerous  other  smaller  streams  branch  off  from 
the  river  at  various  points.  On  the  east  side  of 
the  Mississippi,  the  principal  outlet  i«  the  Ibev 


416 


LOU 


ville,  which  communicates  with  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, through  lakes  Maurepas,  Ponchartrain,  and 
Boi^ie. — A  large  extent  of  country  in  this  State 
is  annually  overflowed  by  the  Mississippi.  From 
lat.  32°  to  31°  the  average  width  of  overflowed 
land,  may  be  estimated  at  20  miles ;  from  lat.  3P 
to  the  efflux  of  the  La  Fourche,  a  little  above  lat. 
30°  the  widtli  is  about  40  miles.  All  the  country 
below  the  La  Fourche  is  overflowed.  The  whole 
extent  of  lands  thus  inundated  is  8,340  square 
miles  ;  and  if  to  this  be  added  2,550  square  miles 
for  the  inundated  lands  on  Red  river,  tlie  whole 
amount  in  the  State  will  be  10,890  square  miles. 
It  must  not  be  imagined,  however,  that  this  ex- 
tensive tract  is  one  continued  sheet  of  water.  It 
is  ratlier  intersected  by  innumerable  canals  and 
lakes,  which  interlocking  in  a  thousand  mazes, 
chequer  the  whole  face  of  the  country.  The  area 
actually  submerged,  is  estimated  at  only  4,000 
square  miles.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  banks  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  several  of  its  branches  are 
considerably  elevated  above  the  level  of  the  adja- 
cent country.  This  is  occasioned  by  a  more  copi- 
ous deposition  along  the  margins,  than  at  a  dis- 
tance from  them.  Hence  it  happens  that  all  these 
rivers  are  skirted  with  a  rich  border  of  alluvial 
land,  from  400  yards  to  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
breadth,  and  elevated  above  the  level  of  tlie  inun- 
dations, while  the  surface  in  the  rear  is  covered 
with  laJkes  and  impassable  swamps.  The  fertile 
tracts  of  alluvial  land  which  every  where  border 
the  shores  of  the  Mississippi,  have  given  rise  to  an 
artificial  work  of  great  extent,  for  confining  its 
stream,  and  for  securing  the  country  from  the  ef- 
fects of  its  inundations.  This  work  is  an  embank- 
ment of  the  river,  called  the  Levee.  On  the  E.  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  the  embankment  commences 
about  60  miles  above  New-Orleans,  and  extends 
down  the  river  for  more  than  130  miles.  On 
the  W.  shore,  it  commences  at  Point  Couple,  172 
miles  above  New-Orleans.  It  is  here  that  the 
navigator  in  descending  the  river  emerges  from  a 
gloomy  wilderness,  presenting  detached  settle- 
ments at  long  and  tedious  intervals,  into  beautiful 
and  finely  cultivated  plantations.  On  the  side  of 
this  elevated  artificial  bank,  is  a  range  of  hand- 
some, neatly  built  houses,  appearing  like  one  con- 
tinued village,  as  far  as  the  city  of  New-Orleans. 
The  N.  W.  section  of  the  State  has  been  till  re- 
cently but  very  partially  explored.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Red  river,  which  enters  the  State  in 
one  undivided  stream,  and  after  flowing  about  30 
miles,  spreads  out  into  a  number  of  channels  and 
lakes,  forming  an  inundated  swamp,  six  miles 
wide,  and  fifty  long.  The  part  of  the  State  be- 
tween Red  river  and  the  Mississippi,  is  intersect- 
ed by  the  Wachitta. 

Along  the  whole  southern  border  of  the  State 
from  Pearl  river  to  the  Sabine,  are  vast  prairies, 
which  for  every  purpose  of  a  general  sketch,  may 
be  described  as  one  immense  meadow,  occupying 
10,000  square  miles,  or  one  fifth  of  the  surface  of 
the  State.  The  part  of  this  tract  about  the  months 
of  the  Mississippi,  for  30  miles,  is  a  continued 
.swamp,  destitute  of  trees,  and  covered  with  a 
species  of  coarse  reed,  4  or  5  feet  high.  Notliing 
can  be  more  dreary  than  the  prospect  from  a  ship's 
mast,  while  passing  this  immense  waste.  The 
part  of  this  section  west  of  the  Mississippi  is  wa- 
tered by  the  rivers  Teche,  Vermillion,  Mermen- 
tau,  Calcasiu,  and  Sabine.  The  three  last  dilate 
into  shallow  lakes,  and  again  contract  to  the  form 
of  rivers,  just  before  entering  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 


LOU 

The  parts  of  the  State  which  have  been  brought 
under  cultivation  are  almost  exclusively  the  nar- 
row strips  of  rich  alluvial  land  on  the  banks  of  the 
Mississippi,  the  Teche,  Red  river,  and  Wachitta. 
The  staple  productions  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  rice. 
Tobacco  and  indigo  could  be  as  extensively  culti- 
vated as  cotton,  but  they  do  not  afford  the  same 
profit.  On  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  the  La 
Fourche,  the  Teche,  and  the  Vermillion,  below 
lat.  30°  12'  N.  wherever  tlie  soil  is  elevated  above 
the  annual  inundation,  sugar  can  be  produced ; 
and  the  lands  are  generally  devoted  to  this  crop. 
In  all  other  parts  of  the  State  cotton  is  the  staple. 
The  best  districts  for  cotton  are  the  banks  of  Red 
river,  Wachitta,  Teche,  and  the  Mississippi.  Rice 
is  more  particularly  confined  to  the  banks  of  the 
Mississippi,  where  irrigation  can  be  easily  per- 
formed.— The  quantity  of  land  within  the  State 
adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  the  three  staples,  has 
been  estimated  as  follows  :  sugar,  250,000  acres  ; 
rice,  250,000 ;  cotton,  2,400,(XX>.  Some  of  the 
sugar  planters  have  derived  a  revenue  in  some 
years,  of  $1,000  from  the  labor  of  each  of  their 
slaves  ;  from  ^'500  to  $750  is  the  ordinary  calcula- 
tion. The  whole  amount  of  sugar  made  in  Louis- 
iana in  1810,  was  about  10,000,000  lbs, ;  in  1814, 
not  less  than  15,000,000  ;  and  in  1817,  20,000,000, 
or  nearly  one  third  of  the  whole  amount  consum- 
ed in  the  United  States. — The  extensive  prairie 
land,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  State,  embracing  the 
district  of  Opelousas,  and  the  greater  part  of  At- 
tacapas,  is  most  admirably  adapted  to  the  rear- 
ing of  cattle,  and  has  hitherto  been  used  almost 
exclusively  for  that  purpose.  Many  of  the  richer 
planters  on  the  Teche  and  Vermillion,  have  stock 
farms  established  on  Mermantau  and  Calcasiu  riv- 
ers, and  count  their  cattle  by  the  thousand. 

Louisiana  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1811. 
In  1810  it  Avas  called  the  Territory  of  Orleans, 
and  contained  76,556  inhabitants,  of  whom  34,311 
were  whites,  7,585  free  blacks,  and  34,660  slaves. 
To  this  number  may  be  added  10,000,  as  the  popu- 
lation of  that  part  of  West  Florida,  which  was 
annexed  to  the  State  in  1812.  In  1820,  the  whole 
number  was  155,000.  This  population  is  princi- 
pally confined  to  the  settlements  on  the  Mississip- 
pi. In  the  upper  settlements  the  inhabitants  are 
principally  Canadians  ;  in  the  middle,  Germans ; 
and  in  the  lower,  Frencti  and  Spaniards.  A  few 
years  since  a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  were  Ro- 
man Catholics.  The  clergy  of  this  order,  howev- 
er, are  not  numerous  ;  and  the  constant  introduc- 
tion of  emigrants  from  the  north  is  effecting  a  rap- 
id revolution  in  all  the  institutions  of  the  country. 

In  journeying  from  New-Orleans  to  the  mouth 
of  Sabine  river,  we  meet  with  men  in  every  stage 
of  civilization.  In  New-Orleans,  and  other  places 
on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  the  sugar  and  cot- 
ton planters  live  in  splendid  edjfices,  and  enjoy  all 
the  luxury  that  wealth  can  impart.  In  Attacapas 
and  Opelousas,  the  glare  of  expensive  luxury  van- 
ishes, and  is  followed  by  substantial  independence. 
In  the  western  parts  of  Opelousas  are  found  herds- 
men and  hunters ;  the  cabins  are  rudely  and 
hastily  constructed,  and  the  whole  scene  recals  to 
the  imagination  the  primeval  state  of  society. 

The  exports  from  Louisiana  are  not  confined  to 
its  own  produce.  The  bulky  articles  of  all  the 
western  States  go  down  the  Mississippi,  and  are 
cleared  out  at  New-Orleans.  The  value  of  the  ex- 
ports in  1804,  was  .*:1,6  K),362;  in  1806,  .«3,8S7,323; 
in  1815,  $5,102,610;  in  1817,  4513,501,036,  near- 
ly two  thirds  as  much  as  that  of  the  whole  United 


LOU 

States  in  1791.  The  number  of  arrivals  and  clear- 
ances at  the  port  of  New-Orleans,  during  the  year 
ending  Oct.  1st,  1817,  was  1,030.  During;  the 
same  year,  1,300  flat-bottomed  boats,  and  500 
barges,  arrived  at  the  city  from  the  upper  coun- 
try. The  duties  on  merchandize  paid  in  this  State 
in  1804,  was  $279,272 ;  in  1807,  $480,275  ;  in 
1815,  $984,909. 

Louis,  Mont,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  9  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Tours. 

Louis,  Mont,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  15 
m.  VV.  S.  W.  Prades. 

Louis,  Port,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Blavet.  Lon. 
3°20'VV.  Lat.  47"40'.\. 

Louisa,  3-p.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  gulf  of  Finland,  30  m.  E.  i\.  E.  Hel- 
sin/^fors.     Lon.  26°  16'  E.  Lat.  60°  27'  N. 

Louisa.,  Loans;o,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  in  lat.  5°  30'  S. 

Louisburg,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Cape  Bre- 
ton, on  a  point  of  land  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  the  isl- 
and. The  harbour  is  excellent.  It  is  more  than 
half  an  English  mile  in  breadth  in  the  narrowest 
part,  and  six  miles  in  length  from  N.  E.  to  S.  \V. 
and  has  six  or  seven  fathoms  of  water  in  every 
part  of  it.  In  winter  it  is  totally  impracticable, 
being  entirely  frozen.  The  principal  trade  of 
Louisburg  is  the  cod  fishery.  It  was  taken  from 
the  French  by  the  American  forces,  commanded 
by  Sir  William  Pepperel,  and  the  English  fleet, 
Qnder  Sir  Peter  Warren,  in  the  year  1745  ;  but 
afterwards  restored  to  France  by  tlie  treaty  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748.  It  was  again  taken  by 
the  English,  under  admiral  Boscawen  and  lieu- 
tenant-general Amherst,  on  the  27th  of  July  1758, 
and  its  Ibrtifications  since  demolished.  Lon.  59° 
50' W.  Lat.  45°  55' N. 

Louisiade,  an  archipelago  ~in  tlie  Eastern  seas, 
lying  S.  E.  of  New  Guinea,  and  extending  about 
400  miles  in  length,  by  about  160  in  breadth.  The 
centre  lies  nearly  under  10°  S.  lat.  and  1 52°  25'E.  lon. 

Louisville,  p-t.  St.  Lawren.:e  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  below  Ogdensburg.  It 
c<ontains  the  village  of  Racketon. 

Louisville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Geo.  on 
the  Ogechee,  40  m.  W.Augusta,  48  E.  Milledge- 
ville,  100  N.W.  Savannah. 

Louisville,  p-t.  and  cap.. Jefferson  co.  Kentucky, 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  elevated  and  beautiful 
plain,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio,  immediately 
above  the  rapids,  120  miles  below  Cincinnati,  50  . 
W.  Frankfort.  Lat.  38°  10'  N.  Lon.  85°  30'  W. 
Pop.  in  1810,  1,357  ;  in  1819,  estimated  at  4,500. 
It  contains  an  elegant  court-house ;  a  jail ;  a  thea- 
tre; 3  banks,  one  of  them  a  branch  of  the  U.  S. 
bank;  an  insurance  company ;  a  market-house  ; 
3  houses  for  public  worship,  1  for  Roman  Cathol- 
ics, 1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Methodists ;  3 
printing  offices  ;  and  670  dwelling  houses,  princi- 
pally brick. — Among  the  manufacturing  establish- 
ments is  a  distillery,  established  by  a  company 
formed  in  New-England  in  1816,  and  incorporated 
in  this  State,  under  the  name  of  the  Hope  Distil- 
lery company.  It  is  the  most  extensive  establish- 
ment of  the  kind  in  the  U.  S.  yielding  1 ,200  gal- 
lons per  day.  Here  also  are  5  tobacco  manufacto- 
ries ;  a  factory  for  the  construction  of  steam  en- 
gines, in  which  about  60  workmen  are  employed; 
a  soap  and  candle  manufactory,  supposed  to  be  the 
largest  in  the  western  country,  and  producing 
12,000  pounds  of  soap,  and  6,000  pounds  of  can- 
dles per  week  ;  a  sugar  refinerv  :  a  steam  flour 

53 


LOW 


417 


mill,  and  2  steam  saw  mills.  The  commerce  of 
Louisville  and  Shippingport  has  increased  aston- 
isliingly  withm  a  few  years.  There  are  now  up- 
wards of  25  steam-boats,  measuring  together  6,050 
tons,  employed  in  their  commerce.  A  canal 
around  the  rapids  of  the  Oliio  at  this  place  has 
long  been  m  contemplation  ;  but  nothing  effectual 
has  yet  been  done. 

Louistown,  t.  Talbot  co.  Md.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Tuckahoe  creek,  4  m.  N.  Kingston,  7  N.  E. 
Easton. 

Louie,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algarva,  9  m.  N.  Faro. 
Lon.  7°  54'  W.  Lat.  37°  8'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Lounganfou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Shansee.     Lon.  116°  5&  E.  Lat.  31°  48'  N. 

Loup,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, in  lon.  7°  12'  E.  lat.  43°  38'  N. 

Lourde,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  12  m.  S. 
W.  Tarbes.     Pop.  2,750. 

Lourisian,  a  mountainous  district  of  Irak,  in 
Persia,  bordering  on  Khusistan. 

Louro,  or  Luro,  (an.  Elathera)  t.  Eu.  Turkey, 
in  Alkania,  12  m.  W.  by  S.  Arta. 

Locsia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  35  m.  S.  Ni- 
copolis.     Pop.  3,000. 

Louth,  t.  Eng.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Lincoln  co< 
and  a  place  of  considei-able  and  increasing  trade, 
having  a  n?  /igable  canal  to  the  sea.  28  m.  N.  E. 
Lincoln,  36  N.  Boston,  144  N.  London.  Lon.  0° 
1'  E.  Lat.  53°  22'  N.     Pop.  4,76 1. 

Louth,  maritime  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Ar- 
magh, and  E.  by  the  Irish  channel.  Area,  177,9.26 
acres,  or  278  square  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at 
57,000.  Proportion  of  Catholics  to  Protestants  as 
15  to  1. 

Louth,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Oa- 
tario. 

Loulre,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Missouri. 

Louvain,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  on 
the  Dyle,  and  the  canal  of  Louvain.  It  owes  its  chief 
celebrity  to  its  university,  founded  originally  in 
1420,  and  suppressed  by  the  French  in  Octoiser, 
1797,  but  since  re-established.  It  was  formerly 
noted  for  its  extensive  manufactures  of  linen  and 
woollens,  which  have  now  declined.  The  making 
of  woollens  and  lace,  howevrff,  still  continues  to- 
employ  a  number  of  the  inhabitants ;  but  the  great 
manufacture  is  beer,  for  which  Louvain  has  long 
been  celebrated.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in 
1746  and  1794.  14  m.  E.  by  N.  Brussels,  and  20 
S.  E.  by  S.  Antwerp.  Lon.  4"  41'  46"  E.  Lat.  50° 
53'  26"  N.     Pop.  25,400. 

Loia-aine,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  20  m. 
N.  by  W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,500.  * 

Louvegne,  t.  Netherlands,  11m.  S.  E.  Liege. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Louviers,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  16  m.  S.  Rouen, 
Pop.  6,800. 

LouHgne  du  Desert,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vil- 
laine,  33  m.  N.  E.  Rennes.     Pop.  3,000. 

Louvres,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  14  m.  N. 
E.  Paris.     Pop.  1,050. 

Louza,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  17  m.  E.  by  S.  Co- 
imbra.     Pop.  2,600. 

Low  Green  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra.    Lon.  106°  E.  Lat.  3"  12'  S. 

Lowen,  t.  S-lesia,  on  the  Neisse,  Lon.  17°  33'  E. 
Lat.  50°  40' N.  Pop.  1,100. 

Lowenberg,  or  Lembcrs,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Bo- 
ber,  63  m.  W.  Breslau.  Lon.  15°  42'  E.  Lat.  51° 
5'  N.     Pop.  3,40(J. 

Loicenstein,  a  county  in  the  S.  W.  of  Germanv, 
in  Wirtcmberg.     Pop.  48,000. 


418 


L  U  B 


Lower  guivre,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri. 

Lowers,  v.  Switz.  in  Schweitz,  4  m.  W.  by  N. 
Schweitz. 

Lowestoft,  t.  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  Suffolk.  The 
trade  coi>sists  principally  in  the  fisheries,  chiefly 
that  of  herrings.  9  m.  S.  Yarmouth,  1J3  N.  E. 
London.  Lon.  1°  43'  E.  Lat.  52''29'N.  Pop.  3,189. 

Lowhill,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     Pop.  632. 

Loicicz,  t.  Poland,  42  m.  W.  Warsaw.  Pop. 
^,400. 

Lowositz,i.  Bohemia,  4m.  W.  S.W.  Leutmeritz. 

Lowrey''s  mills,  p-v.  Chesterfield  co.  S.  C. 

Lowton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  N.  E.  New- 
ton.    Pop.  1,647. 

Loivvllle,  p-t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
57  m.  N.  Utica,  160  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,643. 
The  village  of  Lowville  is  handsomely  built.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

Loxa,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  on  the  Xenil.  It 
has  some  salt-works  and  manufactures  of  copper. 
30  m.  W.  Granada,  18  S.  S.  E.  Cordova.  Lon.  4° 
18'  W.  Lat.  37"  18'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Loxa,  a  province  of  Quito.  Loxa,  the  capital, 
stands  in  a  beautiful  and  extensive  valley,  237  m. 
from  Quito,  and  contains  10,000  inhabitants.  Lon. 
79"  15'  W.  Lat.  3"  59'  S. 

Loxa,  rock,  near  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lon.  83" 
57'  VV.  Lat.  23"  13'  N. 

Loyalsock,  r.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  E.  branch  of  Susquehannah,  26  m.  above  Sun- 
bury. 

Loi/ahock,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  850. 

Loyola,  San  Luis  de,  t.  in  the  viceroyalty  of  Bu- 
enos Ayi-es,  170  m.  S.  E.  Mendoza.  Lou.  65"  44'  W. 
Lat.  33"  IC'  S. 

Loyola,  city  of  Quito,  on  the  river  Veriel,  13  m. 
S.  E.  Valladolid.   Lat.  4°  45'  S. 

Loysborough,  p-v.  Anderson  co.  Tennessee. 

Loire,  r.  Congo,  in  Africa,  which  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  7"  55'  S. 

Lozere,  department  in  the  S.  of  France,  bound- 
ed by  the  departments  of  the  Cantal,  the  Upper 
Loire,  the  Ardcche,  the  Gard,  and  the  Aveyron. 
Extent,  2,100  square  miles.     Pop.  144,000. 

Lu,t.  Piedmont,  9  m.  W.  Alessandria.  Pop.2,fi00. 

Luabo,  r.  W.  Africa,  one  of  the  branches  into 
which  the  Zambeze  divides,  before  entering  the 
Indian  ocean. 

Luana,  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  77°  51'  W.    Lat.  18"  2'  N. 

Luango,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  23  m.  N.  Oviedo. 
Pop.  1,800. 

LMbau,^  or  Liebau,  t.  Silesia,  30  ra.  N.  W.  Glatz. 
Pop.  1,750. 

Lubbeke,  t.  Prussian  states,  14  ra.  W.  Minden. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Lubben,  or  Lubio,  t.  Prussian  States,  50  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  13"  45'  W.  Lat.  51"  57'  N.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Lubbenau,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Spree,  58 
ni.  N.  Dresden.  Lon.  13"  52' E.  Lat.  51"  53' N. 
Pop.  2,150. 

Lubec,  Isle,  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
11 2"  45' E.  Lat.  5"  48' S. 

Luier A,  a  free  city  in  the  north  of  Germany,  on 
the  Travc,  a  navigable  river,  which  joins  the  Bal- 
tic about  8  miles  below.  It  is  surrounded  by 
walls ;  but  the  other  military  defences,  which 
were  of  great  strength,  were  demolished  after  the 
town  was  surrendered  to  the  French  in  1806,  and 
the  moat  has  been  filled  up.  Lubeck  was  former- 
ly a  bishop's  see,  and  still  has  a  cathedral  and 
four  parish  churches.     The  council-house  was  in 


LUG 

former  agea  the  place  of  meeting  for  the  deputies 
from  the  Hanse  towns,  among  whom  Lubeck  had 
the  precedence.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of 
wine  from  France,  and  manufactures  from  Eng- 
land ;  the  whole  to  no  great  amount,  Hamburgh 
having  great  advantages,  from  its  easier  access  to 
the  ocean,  and  more  extensive  communication 
with  the  interior.  Lubeck  now  forms  part  of  the 
Germanic  confederation,  and  along  with  the  other 
free  towns,  sends  a  deputy  to  the  diet.  Pop.  of  the 
city,  25,500  ;  but  including  the  annexed  territo- 
ry, it  is  40,650.  33  m.  N.  Lauenburg,  36  N.  E. 
Hamburgh,  149  S.  by  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  10* 
50'  E.  Lat.  53"  51' N. 

Lubeck,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  at  the  S.  E, 
extremity  of  the  State,  on  a  peninsula,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Passamaq  noddy  bay,  4  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  East- 
port,  23  E.  N.  E.  Machias.  It  is  a  new  town, 
commenced  in  1815,  and  is  well  situated  for  com- 
merce. It  has  a  custom  house,  an  excellent  har- 
bor, and  considerable  trade. 

Luben,  t.  Silesia,  13  m.  N.  Liegnitz.  Fop.  2,350- 

Lubesac,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  8  m.  W,  Uzer- 
che.     Pop.  3,100. 

Lubim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  name  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Libya.     See  Libya. 

Lubitz,  or  Lups,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg 
Schwerin,  on  the  Elbe.  Lon.  12°  E.  Lat.  53°  30' 
N.  Pop.  1,200. 

Imblau,  or  Lublyo,  t.  Hungary,  near  the  Pop- 
rad,  15  m.  N.  E.  Kasmark.  Lon.  20"  44'  E.  Lat. 
49"  13'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Lublin,  a  palatinate  of  the  kingdom  of  Poland, 
erected  in  1816.  Area,  6,447  square  miles.  Pop, 
468,500.  Lublin,  the  capital,  stands  on  the  Bis- 
tricza,  almostsurrounded  by  lakes  and  marshes.  It 
has  a  castle,  and  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  has  three 
great  yearly  fairs,  which  last  each  a  month,  and 
are  attended  by  German,  Greek,  Armenian,  Ara- 
bian, Russian,  Turkish,  and  other  traders.  85  m. 
S.  E.  Warsaw.  Lon.  22"  30'  E.  Lat.  51°  15'  N. 
Pop.  7,100. 

Lublinitz,  t.  Silesia,  79  m.  S.  E.  Breslau.  Pop. 
1,350. 

Lubny,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pultava,  104  m.  E.  S. 
E.Kiev.  Lon. 33°  3' 45"  E.  Lat.  50" 0' 37"  N.  Pop, 
5,300. 

Luc,  t.  France,  in  Var,  15  m.  S.  Draguignan. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Lucala,  r.  Angola,  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Coanza  at  Massingano. 

Lucan,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  King 
George  the  Third's  archipelago.  Lon.  223°  58'  E. 
Lat.  58"  7'  N. 

Lucanas,  province,  Peru.  It  has  productive 
silver  mines.  Its  capital  is  of  the  same  name,  and 
is  in  lat.  14°  58' S. 

Lucar  de  Mayor,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the 
Guadiamar,  10  m.  W.  Seville.     Pop.  2,000. 

Lucas,  or  Luque,  parish,  Paraguay,  on  the  river 
Paraguay,  6  m.  N.  E.  Assumption,  Lon.  57"  32'  W. 
Lat.  25"  15' S. 

Lucay,  t.  France,  in  ludre,  6  m.  S.  W.  Valea- 
cay.     Pop.  1.000. 

Lu^ayos  Islands.    See  Bahamas. 

Lucca,  a  duchy  of  Italy,  surrounded  by  Tusca- 
ny, Modena,  and  the  Mediterranean.  Extent,  420 
square  miles.  Pop.  138,000.  Two-tliirds  of  its 
territory  are  supi)osed  to  be  covered  by  mountains 
and  defiles;  the  remainder  comprises  1  he  delight- 
ful plain  around  the  city,  and  a  number  of  fertile 
vallies.  From  the  middle  of  the  15th  century  till 
1005,   Lucca  was  an  independent  republic.    In 


LUC 


LU  D 


419 


!805  its  government  was  changed  by  the  French ; 
but  in  1815,  by  the  lOlst  act  of  the  congress  of  Vi- 
enna, it  was  erected  into  a  duchy,  and  given  as  an 
indemnity  to  the  infanta  of  Spain,  Maria  Louisa. 

Lu€ca,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  the 
same  name,  is  situated  in^a  fertile  plain,  watered 
by  the  Serchio,  and  surrounded  with  beautifully 
cultivated  hills.  Its  fortifications,  though  regular, 
and  in  good  repair,  are  not  of  great  strengtli.  It 
is  the  seat  of  the  government  offices,  and  the  see  of 
an  archbishop.  It  has  likewise  an  university,  a 
large  school,  and  an  academy  of  arts  and  sciences. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  of  cloth  and  silk  ;  and 
the  trade  in  the  latter  article,  and  in  olive  oil,  is 
very  considerable.  19  m.  N.  N.  E.  Leghorn,  28  W. 
Florence.  Lon.  10"  34'  E.  Lat.  43"  54'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Luce,  r.  Scotland,  in  Wigtonshire,  which  falls 
into  the  sea  at  the  bay  of  Luce. 

Luce,  Bay  of,  or  Gleriluce  Bay,  a  spacious  bay 
in  Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  20  miles  wide  at  the 
entrance. 

Lucea  Harbour,  bay  on  theN.  side  of  Jamaica, 
14  m.  W.  Montego  bay.  Lon.  78°  9'  W.  Lat.  18° 
28'  N. 

Lucena,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  32  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Cordova.  Lon.  4"  29'  W,  Lat,  37°  32'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Lucera,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  32  m.  N.  E.  Benevento.  Pop. 
3,400. 

Lucerna,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  S.  Pinerolo.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Lucerne,  canton  in  the  heart  of  Switzerland,  ad- 
jacent to  Zurich,  Schweitz,  and  Unterwalden. 
Extent,  740  square  miles.  Pop.  nearly  87,000.  It 
is  one  of  the  lejist  mountainous  portions  of  Swit- 
zerland. Corn  is  raised  in  abundance  ;  also  flax 
and  hemp,  vines,  Lc.  The  only  literary  institu- 
tion is  the  college,  belonging  formerly  to  the  Jesu- 
its, who  were  restored  in  1819,  contrary  to  the 
wishes  of  a  part  ol  the  inhabitants.  Lucerne  is 
the  most  powerful  and  zealous  of  the  Catholic  can- 
tons. 

Lucerne,  the  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  on 
the  Reuss,  where  it  issues  from  the  lake  of  Lu- 
cerne. It  is  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  its  two 
parts  communicate  by  four  bridges.  The  view 
from  theso  bridges  is  very  picturesque.  42  in.  E. 
Berne,  16  W.  by  N.  Schweitz.  Lon.  8°  18' E.  Lat, 
47'  3'  N,     Pop,  nearly  7,000. 

Lucerne,  lake,  Switzerland,  between  the  can- 
tons of  Unterwalden,  Lucerne,  Schweitz,  and  Uri : 
it  is  also  called  the  lake  of  Waldstadtc.  It  is  25 
miles  long,  and  is  the  lai-gest  and  most  romantic 
lake  in  the  interior  of  Switzerland. 

Lucero,  Puntade,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain. 
Lon,  3°  5'  \V.  Lat.  43"  22'  N, 

Luchow,  t.  Hanover,  36  m.  S.  E.  Luneburg. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Lucipara,  or  Lusipara,  small  isl.  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Banca.  Lon.  106"  20^  E.  Lat,  3"  14'  S. 

Luckau,  t.  Prussian  states,  55  m.  N.  Dresden. 
Fop.  2,500. 

Luckenwald,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  32  m.  S,  Ber- 
lin.    Pop.  3,500. 

LuckeWs,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va, 

Luckhore,  t  Hind,  in  Bahar,  20  m,  N.  E.  Patna. 

Luckiduar,  fort,  Hind,  in  Bootan,  Lon,  89"  20' 
E.  Lat,  26"  50'  N. 

Lucknow,  district,  Hind,  in  Oude,  between  26° 
and  27°  N.  lat. 

Lucknow,  city,  Hind,  and  cap.  of  Oude,  on  the 


S.  bank  of  the  river  Goomty,  a  branch  of  the  Gan- 
ges, which  is  navigable  for  middling  sized  boats 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  It  is  a  very  ancient 
city,  and  was  for  a  long  period  the  residence  of  the 
nabobs  of  Oude,  In  the  vicinity  of  the  city  is  the 
dwelling  of  the  British  resident,  and  other  Euro- 
pean inhabitants.  The  Church  Missionary  Socie- 
ty have  established  schools  in  this  city.  Lon,  80" 
55'  E,  Lat.  26"  24'  N.  Pop.  estimated  at  300,000. 

Liicknoivty.     See  Gour. 

Luckput  Bunder,  t.  Hind,  in  Cutch,  30  m,  up 
the  Lory  river,  which  is  navigable  for  small  ves- 
sels, Lon.  68"  58'  E,  Lat.  23"  47'  N. 

Luckyporc,  t.  Bengal.  Here  the  E.  India  com- 
pany have  an  extensive  factory  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  coarse  cotton  cloths,  Lon,  90"  43'  E.  Lat. 
22°56'N. 

Lucon,  t,  France,  in  La  Vendee,  20  m,  W.  Fon- 
tenay.     Pop.  2,700. 

Lucon,  or  Luconia,  the  principal  of  the  Philip- 
pine islands,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  on  which  stands 
Manilla,  the  metropolis.  It  is  400  miles  from  N.  to 
S.  and  from  90  to  120  broad.  The  country  is  for 
the  most  part  mountainous.  The  climate  is  moist, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Cotton,  indigo,  sugar,  tobac- 
co, coffee,  and  generally  all  sorts  of  tropical  pro- 
duce, grow  in  great  abundance.  Gold  is  found  in 
every  part  of  the  island.  The  natives  are  govern- 
ed by  the  Spaniards  with  the  most  ridiculous  se- 
verit)'.  The  most  impolitic,  useless,  and  ruinous 
taxes  are  frequently  imposed,  with  a  total  indiffer- 
ence to  the  interests  of  the  people.  The  island 
lies  between  13°  and  19°  N.lat.  and  120°  and  124° 
E,  lon.     Pop.  estimated  at  900,000. 

Lucos,  (an,  Lixus,)  r,  Morocco,  which  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  at  Larache, 

Lxicotta,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  97°  25'  E,    Lat.  1°  43'  N, 

Ludamar,  country.  Central  Africa,  bounded  S, 
by  Kaarta  and  Bambarra,  and  N,  by  the  Sahara, 
or  Great  Desert,  The  inhabitants  consist  entirely 
of  Moors,  of  the  mostbigotted  and  intolerant  char- 
acter, Bcnown  is  the  capital,  Lo%  5"  to  8°  W, 
Lat.  15"  to  16°  N, 

Lvdehaunah,  t.  and  fortress.  Hind,  situated  on 
the  N,  VV,  boundary  of  the  province  of  Delhi,  and 
on  the  S,  bank  of  the  Suttelege,  the  most  mditary 
station  which  the  British  possess  in  Hindostan. 
180  m,  N.N.  W,  Delhi.  Lon.  75"  32' E.  Lat,  30" 
53' N, 

Ludenscheide,  t,  Prussian  states,  28  m.  N.  E. 
Cologne.    Pop,  1,350, 

Luder,  Gross,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  7 
m,  S.  W.Fulda,     Pop.  1,250, 

Ludgershall,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  It  is  a  bo- 
rough, and  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  7 1 
m.  W.  S.  W.  London,     Pop.  487. 

Ludloir,  i.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  on  the  Teme. 
Ludlow  castle  still  bears  marks  of  its  former  gran- 
deur, Ludlow  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 
29  m,  S.  Shrewsburv,  32  N.  W.  Worcester,  142 
N.  W,  London.  Lon.  2"  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  22'  N. 
Pop.  4,150. 

Ludlow,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt  16  m.  W.  Wind- 
sor,    Pop. 877. 

Ludlow,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  E. 
Springfield.     Pop.  730. 

Ludlow,  or  Yellow  Springs,  Greene  co,  Ohio,  9 
m.  N,  Xenia.  It  is  a  beautiful  spot,  and  is  much 
frequented  on  account  of  its  medicinal  springs. 

Ludlowville,  p-t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

Ludwigsburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Wirtember^,  oij 
the  Neckar,  7  miles  N.  Stuttgard.    Pop.  5,358. 


420 


L  U  N 


Ludwigsburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Baltic,  5  m,  E.  N.  E.  Griefswald. 

Ludwigslust,  t.  Germany,  in  Meciilinburg- 
Schwerin,  22  m.  S.  Schv/erin.     Pop.  2,400. 

Lufuna,  r.  Congo,  in  Africa,  which  falls  into  tlie 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  8"  26'  S. 

Luga,  t.  Russia,  97  m.  S,  St.  Petersburg.  Lon. 
29"  30'  E.    Lat.  58"  25'  N. 

Lugano,  or  Lauis^  t.  Switzerland,  cap.  of  Tici- 
no,  on  the  N.  side  of  lake  Lugano,  16  m.  N.  W. 
Como.  Lon.  8"  57'  35"  E.  Lat.  45°  59'  56''  N.  Pop. 
4.350. 

Lugano,  lake,  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  the 
Ticino,  25  miles  long.  It  communicates  with  the 
lake  Maggiore  by  the  river  Tresa,  and  with  the 
lake  Piano  by  the  Canale  INuovo. 

Lugg,  r.  Eng.  which  joins  the  Wye  a  few  miles 
below  flereford. 

Lugger  shall.     See  Ludgcrshall. 

Lugny,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  10  m.  N. 
Macon.     Pop.  1,150. 

Lugo,  citv,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  near  the  Minho, 
51  m.  E.  Santiago.  Lon,  7"  34'  W.  Lat.  43"  N. 
Pop.  4,800. 

Lugo,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  15  m. 
S.  Ferrara.     Pop.  3,000. 

Lugr.s,  or  Lvgosch,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Temes, 
35  m.'  E.  Temesvar.     Pop.  4,600. 

Lugion,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  issues  from 
Lc^h  Libo,  in  Renfrewshire,  and  falls  into  the 
Garnock. 

Lugwardine,  a  parish  of  England,  in  Hereford- 
shire, 3  m.  E.  by  N.  from  Hereford.     Pop.  518. 

Luhith,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  Moabites. 

Luino,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
lake  Maggiore,  \o  m.  S.  Locarno. 

Luke's  Keys,  two  small  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Honduras.    Long.  86"  35' W.    Lat.  15"  50' N. 

Lulea,  s-p.  Sweden,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lulea, 
a  large  na\agable  river.  68  m.  W.  Tornea.  Lon. 
22"  4'  E.    Lat.  65"  35'  30"  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Lulea  Lappmark,  an  extensive  district  of  Swe- 
dish Lapland  It  takes  its  name  from  the  river 
Luloa,  which  flows  through  it.     Pop.  22,000. 

Lumberland,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware 
river.     Pop.  525. 

Lumberton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Robeson  co.  N.  C.  33 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Fayetteville,  31  fr.  Winnefield. 

Lumcllo,  t.  Sardinian  states,  44  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tu- 
rin.    Pop.  3,500. 

Luna,  Punta  de,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  75"  8' W.    Lat.  21°  12' N. 

Lunan  Bay,  fine  bay  on  the  coast  of  Scotland, 
In  Forfarshire,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Lunan,  4 
m.  S.  Montrose.     Lon.  4"  27'  W.    Lnt.  56"  37'  N. 

Lunawara,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73"  46' 
E.    Lat.  23°  5' .-v. 

Luncarty,  or  Loncarty,  t.  Scotland,  5  m.  N. 
Perth. 

Lund,  or  Lunden,  t.  Sweden,  in  Schonen,  5  m. 
from  the  Baltic.  In  1666,  a  university  was  found- 
ed here  by  Charles  XI.  which  has  300  students, 
5  professors,  a  botanical  garden,  an  anatomical 
theatre,  a  cabinet  of  curiosities,  and  a  library  of 
20,000  volumes.  21  m.  E.  Copenhagen,  38  S.' W. 
Christianstadt.  Lon.  13"  12"  E.  Lat.  55"  42'  N. 
Pop.  3,300. 

Lunden,  t.  Denmark,  62  m.  N.N.W.  Hamburgh. 

Lundenhurg,  or  Brzedslav,  t.  Moravia,  on  the 
Theya,  36  m.  E.  Brunn.     Pop.  1,500. 

Lundy  Island,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bristol 
channel  off  the  coast  of  Devonshire,  Eng.  Lon. 
4*'9'W.  Lat.  51"  20' N. 


L  U  S 

Lune,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Tees  below 
Longton. 

J^uneburg,  a  province  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Han- 
over, along  the  left  bank  of  the  Elbe.  Extent, 
4,236  sq.  miles.  Pop.  246,000.  It  is  watered  by 
the  AUer,  the  Ilmenau,"the  Oker,  the  Jeetze,  and 
the  Fuhse.  Wherever  the  soil  has  any  considera- 
ble elevation,  it  is  sandy,  and  apt  to  run  into  heath; 
but,  on  the  banlis  of  the  rivers,  there  are  many 
fertile  districts. 

Luneburg,  t.  Hanover,  cap.  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, on  the  Ilmenau,  36  m.  S.  E.  Hamburg,  40  S. 
Lubec.  It  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in 
horses,  and  has  also  a  very  fine  salt-spring,  from 
which  salt  is  manufactured  in  considerable  quan- 
tities.   Pop.  10,000. 

Lunel,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  14  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  4,200. 

Lunen,  t.  Prussian  states,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Lippe  and  Lesick,  20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Munster.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Lunenburg,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  bay, 
which  sets  up  from  the  Atlantic. 

Lunenburg,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova  Scotia,  35 
m.  S.  W.  Halifax,  27  N.  by  E.  Liverpool. 

Lunenburg,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  45  m.  E.  N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  714. 

Lunenburg,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  25  m.  N. 
Worcester,  45  N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,371. 

Lunenburg,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia.  Pop. 
12,265.  Slaves,  7,155.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office,  26  m.  from  Mecklenburg. 

Lunecille,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  near  the 
junction  of  the  Vesoul  and  the  Meurthe.  It  is 
well  known  for  the  treaty  concluded  between  Aus- 
tria and  the  French  republic,  on  the  9th  February, 
1801.  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Nancy,  80  W.  Strasburg. 
Lon.  6"  34'  E.    Lat.  48°  36'  N.     Pop.  10,500. 

Lungro,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  10  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Cassano.     Pop.  2,700. 

Lunzenau,  t.  Saxony,  2  m.  N.  E.  Penig.  Pop. 
1,150. 

Lunsey,  t.  Burman  empire,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon.  95°  10'  E.  Lat.  18° 
25' N. 

Lupana,  isl.  of  the  Adriatic,  near  Ragusa. 

Lupata,  mountains  in  E.  Africa,  which  extend 
along  nearly  the  whole  of  Mosambique  and  Zan- 
guebar  parallel  to  the  sea. 

Luque,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  28  m.  S.  E.  Cordo- 
va.    Pop.  2,750. 

Luray,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Lure,  t.  France,  17  m.  E.  by  N.  Vesoul.  Pop. 
2,000. 

L'jrgqn,  t.  Ireland,  in  Armagh  co.  14  m.  N.  E. 
Armagh. 

Lurgan  Green,  v.  Ireland,  in  Louth,  37i  m.  fr. 
Dublin. 

Lurin,  t.  Peru,  18  m.  fr.  Lima. 

Lusan,  t.  Buenos  Avres,  30  m.  W.  Buenos  Ayree. 
Lon.  59"  20'  W.    Lat."  34°  36'  S. 

Lusatia,  formerly  a  province  of  the  German 
empire,  with  the  title  of  a  mar»raviate,  lying  be- 
tween the  Elbe  and  the  Oder,  and  surrounded  by 
Brandenburg,  Bohemia,  Silesia,  and  part  of  Sax- 
ony. It  was  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Lu- 
satia, both  of  which  belonged  to  Saxony  until  1815. 
Extent  of  the  whole,  about  4,250  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
about  465,000.  Upper  Lusatia  formed  the  south- 
ern and  larger  part  of  the  margraviate,  and  con- 
tained 2,300  sq.  miles.  The  chief  wealth  of  this 
country  arises  from  its  manufactures :  among 
which  are  woollens,  linen,  cotton,  leather,  stock- 


LUX 

ings,  gloves  and  hats.  By  the  treaty  of  Vienna, 
the  half  of  this  province  was  annexed  to  Prussia, 
and  is  now  included  in  the  government  of  Lieg- 
jiitz  in  Silesia.  The  part  that  remaine  to  Saxony, 
is  computed  at  1,170  sq.  miles,  and  the  population 
at  170,000.  Lower  Lusatia  formed  the  northern 
part  of  the  margraviate,  and  now  belongs  entirely 
to  Prussia.  Its  surface  is  computed  at  1,940  sq. 
miles. 

Lusignan,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Poitiers. 

Lmigny^  t.  France,  in  Aube,  9  m.  S.  E.  Troyes. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Lusk,  V.  Ireland,  in  Dublin,  12  m.  N.  Dublin. 

Ltiso,  small  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  tlie  Adri- 
atic, a  little  N.  of  Rimini. 

Ltissac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  6  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Libourne.     Pop.  2,100. 

Lussac  les  Chateaux,  t.  France,  28  m.  S.  E.  Poi- 
tiers.    Pop.  1,400. 

Lussac  les  Eglises,  t.  France,  in  Upper- Vienna, 
16  m.  N.  by  E.  Bellac.     Pop.  1 ,300. 

Lussaudiere,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m. 
S.W  Three-Rivers. 

Lussin,  Grande  and  Piccolo,  two  islands  in  the 
Adriatic,  in  the  gulf  of  Quarnero,  S.  W^.  Cherso. 
Population  of  Lussin  Grande,  7,000. 

Lutanger,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Minda- 
nao.   Lon.  123"  15' E.    Lat.  7°  19' N. 

Luteefghur,  or  Luteefpore,  fort,  Hind,  in  Alla- 
habad, 14  m.  S.  Chunar. 

Luton,  t  Eng.  in  Bedford,  on  the  river  Lea,  31 
m.  N.  W.  London.    Lon.  0°  25' W.   Lat,  51°  53' N. 

Lutry,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  lake  of 
G  eneva,  3  m.  E.  Lausanne. 

Luttenburg,  t.  Austrian  states,  116  S.Vienna. 
Lon.  16°  8'  E.    Lat.  46°  35'  N. 

Lutterberg,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Oder,  15  m.  S. 
Gosslar.     Pop.  2,300. 

Lutleringftausen,  a  large  village  of  the  Prussian 
states,  in  the  duchy  of  Berg.     Pop.  1,700. 

Lutterloh,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  34  m.  N.  Montpe- 
lier.     Pop.  101. 

Lutterworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicester  co.  on  the 
Swift,  14  m,  S.  Leicester,  89  S.  W.  London.  Lon. 
1°  11'  W.    Lat.  52°  27'  N.     Pop.  1,848. 

Lutstn,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  well  known  for  the 
battle  in  1813,  when  the  French,  under  Bona- 
parte, defeated  the  combined  forces  of  Prussia  and 
Russia.     11  m.  W.  S.  W.  Leipsic. 

Luxan,  t.  Peru,  18  leagues  from  Lima. 

Luxemburg,  province  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  inclosed  by  the  Prus- 
sian states  on  the  Rhine,  a  part  of  the  French 
frontier,  and  the  provinces  of  Namur  and  Liege. 
Extent,  2,400  sq.  miles.  Pop.  226,000,  composed 
of  Germans,  French  and  Walloons,  mostly  Catho- 
lics. The  country  is  mountainous  and  woody. 
Luxemburg  was  erected,  by  the  congress  of  Vi- 
enna in  1815,  into  a  grand  duchy,  and  ceded,  as 
a  compensation  for  his  territory  in  Germany,  to 
the  king  of  the  Netherlands,  who,  in  addition  to 
his  other  titles,  takes  that  of  grand  duke  of  Lux- 
emburg. 

Luxemburg,  t.  Netherlands,  and  capital  of  the 
grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg.  It  is  reckoned  one 
of  the  strongest  places  in  Europe.  It  is  divided, 
by  the  river  Alsitz,  into  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Town.  The  former  is  built  on  a  steep  rock,  out 
of  which  the  fortifications  are  excavated;  the 
latter  in  a  deep  valley.     130  m.  S.  E.  of  Brussels, 


L  Y  M 


421 


and  220  S.  E.  by  S.  of  the  Hague.    Lon.  6°  9'  E. 
Lat.  49°  37'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Luxeuil,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Saone,  37  m.  N- 
Besancon.     Pop.  3,100. 

Luxor,  V.  Upper  Egypt,  occupying  part  of  the 
site  of  ancient  Thebes. 

Luya  and  Chillaos,  a  province  of  Peru,  contain- 
ing 3,500  inhabitants.  The  capital  is  of  the  same 
name,  Lon.  75°  41'  W,    Lat.  5°  33'  S. 

Luynes,  t.  France,  in  the  Indre-and-Loire,  9  m. 
W.  Tours.     Pop.  2,150. 

Luz,  or  Beth-Luz,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine, 
between  Jerusalem  and  Sichem.  It  was  the  seat 
of  Jeroboam's  idolatrous  worship,  and  is  hence 
called  by  the  prophets  Bethhaven  (House  of  Idols.) 

Lusara,  I.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  on 
the  Po,  16  m.  S.  Mantua.     Pop.  1,500. 

Luzarches,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  20  m. 
N.  Paris.     Pop.  1,700.  . 

Luzerne,  p-t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  7 
m.  S.  W.  Caldwell,  10  W.  SandyhiU.    Pop.  1,015. 

Luserne,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Susquehannah,  Wayne,  Northampton,  Northum- 
berland, Lycoming  and  Bradford.  Pop.  18,109. 
Chief  town,  Wilkesbarre. 

Luzerne,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Monongahe- 
la,  16  m.  N.  W.  Union.     Pop.  1,538. 

Luzko,  or  Luck,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhvnia,  176 
m.  S.  E.  Warsaw.  Lon.  25°  19'  E.  Lat.  50°  40' 
N,     Pop,  2,500. 

Lychn,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  40  m.  N. 
Berlin.     Pop.  1,150. 

Lyck,  or  Oelk,  t.  East  Prussia,  78  m.  S.  E.  Konigs- 
berg.    Lon.  22°  38' E.  Lat.  53°  39' N.   Pop.  1,900. 

Lycaoma,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Natolia, 
between  Pamphylia,  Cappadocia  and  Pisidia.  Its 
principal  cities  were  Lystra,  Derbe  and  Iconium. 
The  language  of  the  Lycaonians  was  peculiar, 
and  was  a  dialect  of  the  Greek. 

Lycia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Natolia, 
bounded  N.  by  Phrygia  and  Lydia,  E.  by  Pam- 
phylia, S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  W.  by  Caria. 

Lycoming,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the  counties  ot 
Potter,  Tioga,  Bradford,  Luzerne,  Northumber- 
land, Centre,  Clearfield  and  M'Kean.  Pop. 
1 1 ,006.    Chief  town,  Williamsport. 

Lycoming,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  795. 

Lycoming  creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  W. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  between  Williams- 
port  and  Newberry. 

Lydd,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent.  It  is  a  member  of  the 
Cinque  Ports,  being  joined  with  Romney.  37  ra. 
S.  E.  Maidstone,  71  S.  E.  London,     Pop.  1,504. 

Lydda,  in  Sac.  Geog.  v.  Palestine,  near  the 
Mediterranean,  14  m.  N.  E.  Joppa,  32  W.  Jeru- 
salem. 

Lydia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  province  of  Natolia,  on  the 
.SCgean  sea,  between  Caria  and  Phrygia. 

Lyman,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  York.  Pop. 
1,248. 

Lyman,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  13  m.  above  Haverhill.     Pop.  948. 

Lyme,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  N.  E.  Dart- 
mouth college.     Pop.,  1,670. 

Lyme,  p-t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the  E,  side  of 
Connecticut  river,  at  its  mouth,  opposite  Saybrook, 
40  m,  E.  New  Haven,  40  S,  E,  Hartford.  Pop. 
4,321 ,  It  has  6  houses  of  public  worship.  The 
shad  fishery  is  carried  on  extensively  at  this  place, 
A  number  of  vessels  are  owned  here,  which  are 
employed  in  the  coasting  trade. 

Lyme>  t.  Jefferson  co,  N,  Y.  on  Lake  Ontario. 


422 


L  Y  N 


Lyme  Regis,  borough  and  seaport,  Eng.  in  Dor- 
set, is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  excellent  artificial 
harbour.  9  m.  W.  Bridport,  143  S.  W.  London, 
Lon.2°55'W.    Lat.  50M3' N.     Pop.  1,925. 

Lymjiord,  a  long  narrow  gulf  of  Denmark,  in 
North  Jutland,  which  communicates  with  the 
Cattegat,  in  Ion.  10°  20'  E.  lat.  56°  59'  N.  It  runs 
W.  across  the  peninsula,  until  within  a  few  miles 
of  the  German  ocean. 

Lymington,  a  borough  and  seaport,  Eng.  in 
Hampshire,  opposite  Yarmouth,  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  long  known  for  its  salt-works,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Southampton,  95  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  33'  W. 
Lat.  50°  46' N.     Pop.  2,641. 

Lymme,  a  parish  of  England,  in  Cheshire,  5  m. 
from  Warrington.     Pop.  1,908. 

Lynchburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Campbell  co.  Va.  on 
the  S.  bank  of  James  river,  20  miles  below  the 
great  falls,  where  the  river  breaks  through  the 
Blue  Ridge,  12  m.  N.  Campbell  C.  H.  12  E.  N.  E. 
New  London,  100  W.  Richmond,  160  S.W.  Wash- 
ington. All  these  distances  are  measured  in  right 
lines.  Lon.  79°  20'  W.  Lat.  37°  30'  26"N.  It  was 
established  in  1786 ;  in  1793  contained  only  five 
houses;  was  incorporated  in  1805;  and  in  1813the 
town  and  vicinity  contained  a  court-house,  jail, 
market-house,  2  banks,  4  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship, 1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Methodists,  1  for 
Friends,  and  1  for  Baptists ;  7  tobacco  warehouses, 
in  which  from  10  to  12,000  hogsheads  of  tobacco 
were  annually  inspected ;  3  flour  mills,  1  paper 
mill,  1  carding  machine,  3  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactories,  44  dry  goods'  stores,  22  grocery 
stores,  4  bookstores,  and  numerous  other  trading 
and  manufacturing  establishments.  The  com- 
merce of  the  town  extends  to  the  western  counties 
of  Virginia,  to  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Tennessee  and 
Carolina.  The  productions  of  this  fertile  and 
very  extensive  back  country  are  brought  to 
Lynchburg,  and  carried  down  the  river  in  bat- 
teaux  to  Richmond.  The  principal  articles  are  to- 
bacco, wheat,  flour,  hemp,  butter,  whiskey,  beef, 
and  live  hogs.  Pop.  in  1813,  estimated  at  3,000 ; 
in  1818,  at  5,500.  A  marble  manufactory  has 
been  established  on  James  river,  at  this  place. 

Lynch  lake,  p-v.  Williamsburg  district,  S.  C. 

Lyndeborougk,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  9  m. 
N.  W.  Amherst,  35  S.  Concord.     Pop.  1,074. 

Lyndhurst,  t.  Eng.  in  Southamptonshire,  9^  In. 
W.  by  S.  Southampton.     Pop.  1,015. 

Lyndon,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  33  m.  N.  E. 
Moiitpelier.     Pop.  1,090. 

Lyne,  r.  Scotland,  in  Peebleshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Tweed  about  3  m.  above  Peebles. 

Lynn,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  coast,  9  m.  N. 
E.  Boston,  6  S.  W.  Salem.  Pop.  4,087.  It  con- 
tains a  bank,  and  5  houses  of  public  worship — 2 
for  Methodists,  and  1  each  for  Congregationalists, 
Baptists  and  Friends.  This  town  has  long  been 
noted  for  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  shoes.  The 
number  made  here  in  1811,  was  estimated  at 
1,000,000  pairs.  They  are  sent  in  large  quantities 
to  the  southern  states  and  W.  Indies.  Lynn  Beach 
is  regarded  as  a  curiosity.  It  connects  the  penin- 
sula of  Nahant  with  the  main  land,  and  is  a  fa- 
vourite place  of  resort  for  parties  of  pleasure  from 
Boston,  Salem  and  Marblehead. 

Lynn,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,497. 

Lynn  creek,  p-t.  Giles  co.  Tennessee. 

Lynncanal,  inlet  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  America, 
extending,  in  a  northerly  direction,  about  60  miles 
Irom  the  north  extremity  of  Chatham  strait.  Lon. 
of  the  S.  entrance,  225°  12'  E.    Lat.  58"  12'  N. 


L  Y  0 

Lynnjield,  t.  Essex,  co.  Mass.  10  m.  W.  Salem- 
11  m.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  509. 

Lynnhaven  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Va.  at  the  S.  end 
of  Chesapeake  bay,  7  ffi,  W.  Cape  Henry.  Here, 
in  1781,  the  Count  de  Grasse  moored  the  principal 
part  of  his  fleet  at  the  blockade  of  Yorktown. 

Lipin  Regis,  or  King''s  Regis,  a  borough,  Eng. 
in  Norfolk,  on  the  Ouse,  near  its  mouth.  It  sends 
two  members  to  parliament.  15  m.  N.  E.  Wis- 
beach,  20  S.  W.  Bumham  Market,  96  N.  by  E. 
London.  Lon.  0"  25'  E.  Lat.  52°  46'  N.  Pop. 
10,095. 

Lynn  river,  r.  Norfolk  co.  Up.  Canada,  which 
empties  into  Lake  Erie,  in  Woodhouse.  It  affords 
a  good  harbour  for  batteaux. 

Lyon,  Loch,  lake,  Scotland,  which  discharges 
itself  into  the  "Pay,  2  m.  below  Kenmore. 

Lyong,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  Oby. 
Lon.  128°  14'  E.    Lat.  1°  39'  S. 

Lyons,  or  more  properly  Lyon,  a  large  and  cele- 
brated city  of  France,  before  the  revolution,  cap. 
of  a  province  called  Lyonnois,  and  now  cap.  of 
the  department  of  the  Rhone.  It  is  built  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Rhone  and  Saone.  The  houses  are 
for  the  most  part  of  hewn  stone,  and  are  generally 
five  or  six  stories  high,  built  in  a  heavy  style  of 
architecture,  remarkable  for  nothing  but  its  solid- 
ity. There  are  4  public  squares,  one  of  which, 
called  La  Place  de  Bellecour,  is  entitled  to  rank 
among  the  finest  in  Europe.  Among  the  literary 
institutions,  are  an  academy  of  sciences,  founded 
in  1700,  and  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  in  1724. 
The  public  library  is  said  to  contain  about  120,000 
volumes.  Lyons  is  the  first  manufacturing  town 
in  France,  and  is  particularly  noted  for  its  silks. 
In  former  years  it  supplied  a  great  part  of  Europe 
with  silk  goods.  In  1789,  the  number  of  bales  of 
raw  silk  consumed  in  France,  was  about  12,000, 
of  which  three-fourths  were  used  at  Lyons.  Its 
manufactures  were  greatly  injured  during  the 
troubles  of  the  revolution.  In  1800,  the  quantity 
of  silk  used  in  France  was  only  5,500  bales,  of 
which  Lyons  used  from  3,000  to  4,000.  The  other 
manufactures  suflTered  in  proportion.  The  num- 
ber of  looms  at  Lyons  for  velvet,  silk,  gauze,  crape 
and  thread,  was,  at  the  commencement  of  the  rev- 
olution, 9,335,  and  the  persons  employed  58,600; 
in  1803,  there  were  7,000  looms,  but  only  1,553  at 
work.  The  large  manufactory  of  felt  hats,  which 
formerly  employed  8,000  hands,  had  fallen  to 
1 ,500.  The  printing  and  bookselling  of  this  place 
are  next  to  Paris  in  importance.  The  merchants 
of  Lyons  have  very  extensive  connections ;  they 
trade  with  Spain,  Italy,  Holland,  Switzerland, 
and  even  with  the  states  of  the  north.  From  Spain 
they  import  fine  wool;  from  Italy,  large  quantities 
of  raw  silk.  Their  transactions  with  the  Levant 
were  at  one  time  extensive.  There  are  four  an- 
nual fairs,  in  January,  May,  August,  and  Novem- 
ber, all  well  frequented.  Within  a  few  years,  the 
fine  silk  manufactures  are  beginning  to  resume 
their  former  activity.  The  orders  for  goods  in 
1818  could  scarcely  be  answered,  and  the  quantity 
exported  in  that  year,  was  valued  at  60,000,000 
francs.  Pop.  before  the  revolution,  150,000;  at 
one  period  since  it  was  reduced  to  about  80,0(30; 
but  is  at  present  nearly  120,000.  The  town  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  the  provin- 
cial courts.  190  m.  N.  by  W.  Marseilles,  280  S. 
S.  E.  Paris,  300  E.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  4°  49' 
E.    Lat.  45°  45' N. 

Lyons,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie  canal, 
25  m.  N.  E.  Canandaigua,  16  m.  N.  Geneva.    The 


M  A  C 

village  is  handsomely  built,  and  is  the  seat  of  con- 
siderable Irade. 

Lyons,  Gulf  of,  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean sea,  extending  along  the  S.  of  France, 
from  the  coast  of  Catalonia  on  the  W.  to  the  gulf 
of  Genoa  on  the  E. 

Lyptau.     See  Liplau. 

Lys,  r.  Netherlands,  in  W.Flanders, -which,  after 
a  course  of  100  m.  falls  into  the  Scheldt  at  Ghent. 


MAC 


423 


Lysander,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Onondago 
river,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Seneca,  20  m.  N. 
Onondago,  17  from  Oswego.     Pop.  624. 

Lysburg,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  10  m.  S, 
S.  W.  Aire. 

Lystra,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Lycaonia ;  some, 
however,  assign  it  to  Isauria. 

Lythe,  t.  Eng.  iu  Yorkshire,  4  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Whitby.    Pop.  991. 


M. 


Maadew.     See  Maden. 

Maadie,  lake  Lower  Egypt,  between  Aboukir 
and  Alexandria,  communicating  with  the  Medi- 
terranean and  with  the  lake  Mareotis. 

Maar,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Ceram. 
Lon.  13"  25'  E.    Lat.  3"  30'  S. 

Maarra,  t.  Syria,  45  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aleppo. 

Maasluys,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Holland,  on  an  arm 
of  the  Maese,  10  m.  W.  Rotterdam.    Pop.  6,500. 

Maasoe,  isl.  Norwegian  Lapland,  near  the  North 
Cape.     Lat.  70"  59'  54"  N. 

Maca,  V.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  20  m.  from 
its  mouth. 

Mac  Allister''s  cross-roads,  p-v.  Montgomery  co. 
Ten. 

Macao,  t.  China,  on  a  peninsula,  or  rather  an 
island  in  the  bay  of  Canton.  It  belongs  to  the 
Portuguese,  and  is  the  only  European  settlement 
within  the  limits  of  the  Chinese  empire.  The 
English  and  other  nations  have  factories  here. 
Macao  is  a  place  of  some  extent ;  the  streets  are 
narrow  and  irregular  ;  the  houses  are  built  of 
stone,  on  the  European  plan,  but  not  elegantly. 
Vessels  of  burden  cannot  enter  the  harbour  ;  but 
must  anchor  six  or  seven  miles  to  the  east.  The 
place  is  defended  by  strong  forts,  mounted  with 
heavy  cannon ;  but  the  Portuguese  garrison  sel- 
dom exceeds  250.  Vessels  destined  for  Canton, 
are  commonly  detained  about  twenty-four  hours 
in  Macao  roads,  till  the  Chinese  government  send 
out  a  pilot,  and  permission  to  enter  the  Tigris. 
This  was  at  one  time  a  place  of  the  greatest  im- 
portance to  the  Portuguese,  being  the  centre  of 
their  trade,  not  only  with  China,  but  with  Japan, 
Siam,  Cochin-China,  and  all  the  countries  in  this 
part  of  Asia.  Since  the  general  decline  of  their 
Indian  trade,  which  has  been  prosecuted  by  other 
nations  with  such  superior  success  and  activity, 
Macao  has  sunk  into  a  place  of  comparatively  lit- 
tle importance.     Lon.  )  13°  32'  E.    Lat.  22°  10'  N. 

Macao,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  12  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Abrantes.     Pop.  2,000. 

Macara,  r.  Peru,  which  enters  the  Catamayu, 
in  lon.  18°  50'  W.  lat.  4°  22'  3. 

Macare,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oronoco. 

Macari.     See  Macri. 

Macarsca,  on  the  coast  of  Austrian  Dalmatia, 
opposite  the  islands  of  Lessina  and  Brassa,  36  m. 
S.  E.  Spalatro.     Pop.  1,500. 

Macartney,  Point,  cape  of  a  large  island,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  226°  12'  E.  Lat. 
57°  U'  N. 

Macas,  v.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lon.  9°  25'  W.  lat.  38"  51'  N. 


Macas,  district  of  the  provmce  and  government 
of  Quixos  and  Macas,  in  S.  America,  being  the 
most  easterly  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Quito.  Ma- 
cas, tlie  capital,  formerly  called  Sevilla  del  Oro, 
on  account  of  its  riches  and  gold  mines,  is  138  m. 
S.  of  Quito.     Lon.  77"  48' W.    Lat.  2°  28' S. 

Macassar,  the  chief  settlement  of  the  Dutch  in 
the  island  of  Celebes,  is  on  the  S.  W.  coast,  and 
named  by  them  Fort  Rotterdam.  The  fort,  which 
is  irregular  and  ancient,  is  considered  by  the  na- 
tives as  impregnable.  The  settlement  is  flourish- 
ing ;  and  Chinese  junks  from  this  place  carry  ou 
a  direct  trade  with  China,  so  that  the  mixed  pop- 
ulation, of  Dutch  and  half-casts,  Chinese  and  na- 
tives is  very  considerable.  In  1810,  the  settlement 
surrendered  to  the  British  without  any  resistance ; 
but  was  again  surrendered  to  the  Dutch  in  1814. 
Lon.  119°  48' E.    Lat.  5°  9' S. 

Macassar,  Straits  of,  the  channel  between  Bor- 
neo and  Celebes,  about  350  miles  long,  and  from 
110  to  140  miles  wide. 

Macau,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne. 
10  m.  N.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Macaulcy^s  store,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C. 

Macclesfield,  a  large  and  populous  manufactu- 
ring town  of  Cheshire,  in  England.  Its  manufac- 
tures consist  chiefly  of  cotton  goods,  wrought  but- 
tons, of  silk,  mohair,  and  twist,  of  which  trade  this 
town  has  always  been  the  centre.  Coals  are  found 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  town.  12 
m.  S.  of  Stockport,  11  W.  Buxton,  19  S.  Manches- 
ter, 12  E.  Knutsford,  167  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2"  8'  W.    Lat.  65°  15'  N.     Pop.  12,299. 

Macclesfield  Skoals,  shoals  in  tiie  Eastern  seas, 
Lon.  113"  40'  to  114°  50'  E.  Lat.  15°  20'  to  16" 
10'  N. 

Mac  CaWs  bridge,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa. 

Mac  Cauni's  store,  p-v.  Hawkins  store.  Ten. 

Mac  Connelsburg,  p-t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.  Here 
is  a  medicinal  spring.  26  m.  from  Hagerstown 
Md. 

Mac  Connelsville,  t.  and  cap.  Morgan  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Muskingum,  25  m.  S.  E.  Zanesville. 

Mac  Cullocfi's  mills,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Mac  Cullochsrilk,  p-v.  Union  co.  S.  C, 

Mac  Cutchcnsville,  p-v.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio. 

Macdaniehville,  p-v.  Spartan  district,  S.  C. 

Macdonougk,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

Macduff,  t.  Scotland,  in  Banff,  which  has  one  ot 
the  best  harbours  in  Moray  frith.     Pop.  1,200. 

Macedon,  or  Macedonia,  province,  Eu.  Turkey, 
extending  from  39°  53'  to  42°  4'  of  N.  latitude,  and 
bounded  by  Servia,  Romania,  Thessaly,  the  Ar- 
chipelago, and  Albania.    Extent,  15,780  sq.  mile?. 


424 


MAC 


Pop.  tOOjOOO.  The  soil  is  in  general  fertile,  and  the 
climate  serene  and  healthy.  In  the  southern  dis- 
tricts, and  particularly  on  the  coast,  are  produced 
great  quantities  of  corn,  cotton,  wine,  oil,  and  to- 
bacco. But  the  wealtli  of  the  country  at  large  lies 
in  its  flocks  of  sheep,  whose  wool  is  in  great  request. 
Upwards  of  130,000  balesof  it,  to  the  value  of  nearly 
1,500,000/.  sterling,  are  annually  exported  to  Ger- 
many, France,  and  Italy,  through  the  medium  of 
the  port  of  Salonica. 

Macer,  r.  Tripoli,  which  runs  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 20  m.  E.  Lebida. 

Macerata,  t.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  the  church. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
20  m.  S.  Ancona,  100  N.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13" 
26'  E.     Lat.  43"  18'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Macerata  di  M.  Feltro,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedom, 
10  m.  N.  W.  Urbino.  Lon.  12°  35'  E.  Lat.  43" ' 
48' N. 

Mac  Farland''s,  p-v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

Mac  Gahey''s  town,  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

Machai,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Pastaza,  in 
lat.  r  27'  S. 

Machala,  t.  Quito,  55  m.  N.  N.  W.  Loxa.  Lon. 
79°  W.    Lat  3"  15' S. 

Machangara,  r.  Quito,  which  falls  into  the 
Tumbaco  on  the  W.  side,  in  lat.  10°  S. 

Machecoul,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  18 
m.  S.  W.  Nantes.  Lon.  1°  44'  W.  Lat  47°  N. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Machery,  district.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Machery, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  77"  15'  E.  lat  27"  35'  N. 

Machian,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  It  is  18  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. The  principal  articles  of  commerce  are 
cloves  and  sago.  It  is  situated  a  little  N.  of  the 
line.     Lon.  127°  21' E. 

Machiana,  isl.  S.  America,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Amazon,  about  15  miles  long,  and  3  broad.  It 
lies  nearly  under  the  line.     Lon.  57"  2'  W. 

Machias,  r.  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Maine,  formed 
of  two  branches,  the  eastern  and  western,  which 
unite  at  a  place  within  the  town  of  Machias,  call- 
ed the  Rim.  After  the  junction  of  the  two 
branches,  the  river  wideias  into  a  bay  called  Ma- 
chias bay,  which  communicates  with  the  ocean  at 
Cross  island,  6  miles  below.  There  are  falls  on 
each  of  the  branches,  about  three  miles  above 
their  confluence,  which  afford  numerous  seats  for 
mills. 

Machias,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Washing- 
ton CO.  Maine,  on  Machias  bay,  40  m.  W,  S.  W. 
Eastport,  236  N.  E.  Portland.  Lat.  44°  40'  N. 
Pop.  in  1810,  1,570 ;  in  1826,  2,033.  The  princi- 
pal settlement  is  at  the  falls  of  the  west  branch  of 
Machias  river.  It  contains  the  court-house  and 
other  county  buildings.  At  the  falls  of  the  east 
branch  of  the  river,  is  another  considerable  vil- 
lage. There  is  a  post-office  at  each  of  the  settle- 
ments. Machias  is  a  thriving  town,  and  carries 
on  considerable  trade,  principally  in  lumber. 
There  are  26  saw-mills  within  the  town,  which 
cut,  on  an  average,  upwards  of  10,000,000  ieet  of 
boards  in  a  year. 

Machichaco,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Bis- 
cay.   Lon.  2°  47'  \V.  Lat.  43°  28'  N. 

Machi^asla,  settlement,  S.  America,  in  Tucu- 
man,  50  in.  W.  S.  W.  St.  Fernand. 

Machnowka,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  60  m.  E. 
Braclaw.     Pop.  2,350. 

Machrianich  Bay,  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Kintyre.    Lon.  5°  43'  W.  Lat  55°  27'  N. 

Machynlleth,  t  Wales,  in  Montgomery  co.  18 


MAC 

m.  N.  E.  Aberystwith,  206  N.  W.  Loudon.  Lou. 
3°  51'  W.  Lat  52"  35'  N.     Pop.  1,252. 

Maciuccoli,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  S.  W.  Lucca. 

Mackenzie,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Cook's  Inlet.     Lat.  61°  13'  N. 

Mackenzie'' s  river,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in 
N.  America.  It  ibrms  the  outlet  ot  Slave  lake, 
and  falls  into  the  Frozen  ocean,  in  about  lat  70° 
N.and  lon.  135"  VV.  Its  most  distant  sources  are 
Unjigah  or  Peace  river,  and  Athapescow  or  Elk 
river.     Its  whole  course  is  about  2,000  miles. 

Mucker  more,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland.     Lon.  6"  43'  W.  Lat.  55°  57'  N. 

Mackintosh,  co.  Geo.  on  the  coast  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Alatamaha.  Pop.  3,739.  Slaves,  2,957. 
Chief  town,  Darien.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office,  12  m.  N.  Darien. 

Mac  Kean,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  New  York, 
E.  by  Potter  co.  S.  by  Clearfield  and  Jefferson 
counties,  and  W.  by  Warren  co.  Pop.  142. 
Chief  town,  Cerestown. 

Mackeysville,  p-v.  Burke  co.  N.  C. 

Mackinaw.     See  Michillimackinac. 

Mac  Mohan's  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  5  m.  below  Wheeling. 

Mac  Minville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  West 
Tennessee,  S.  E.  Nashville. 

Mofoor,  district.  Hind,  in  Berar,  between  20* 
and  21"  N.  lat     It  belongs  to  the  Nizam. 

Mackwa,  t  Hind,  in  Cicacole.  Lon.  83°  24'  E. 
Lat.  18"  33'  N. 

Maclahsaul,  t  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  77"  34'  E. 
Lat  22°  4'  N. 

Macleod's  Maidens,  rocks  in  the  Caledonia* 
sea,  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Skye.  Lon. 
6"36'W.  Lat  57"  23' N. 

Macoi^na,  fort,  W.  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  St'Domingo.     Lon.  12"  20'  N. 

Macoketch,  r.  JNlisiouri  Territory,  which  falls 
into  the  Mississippi,  in  lat  42°  23  N. 

Macomb,  co.  Michigan  Territory,  on  the  river 
Huron  of  St  Clair.  Chief  town.  Mount  Cle- 
mens. 

Macomite,  r.  New  Granada,  which  enters  the 
ocean,  in  lat.  1 1°  20'  N. 

Macon,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Saone-and-Loire, 
is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saone.  Tlie  chief 
trade  of  the  town  is  in  the  wine  of  the  sur- 
rounding country.  42  m.  N.  Lyons,  250  S.  E. 
Paris.  Lon.  4"  50'  E.  Lat  46°  18'  N.  Pop. 
11,000. 

Macon,  r.  which  rises  in  Arkansaw  Territory, 
and  flowing  S.  into  Louisiana,  joins  the  Tensaw. 

Maconstille,  or  Da(vcey''s,  p-v.  Northampton  co. 
N.  C. 

Macoupin,  r.  Illinois,  which  flows  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Macouria,  r.  Guiana,  wliich  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lon.  53"  46'  W.  lat  5"  N. 

Macowall,  t  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  55'  E. 
Lat  31°  14'  N. 

Macquarrie  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
18  m.  long,  and  6  broad,  discovered  in  1811,  by 
some  resolute  adventurers  from  New  Holland. 
Lon.  169"  E.  Lat  52°  41' S. 

Macri,  or  Makri,  s-p.  Asia  Minor,  at  the  bottom 
of  a  gulf  of  the  same  name.  The  harbor  is  excel- 
lent, and  the  gulf  affords  deep  water,  and  a  safe 
navigation.  125  m.  S.  E.  Smyrna.  Lon.  29''  30' 
E.  Lat.  36"  58'  N. 

Macri,  Cape,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Archipelago. 
Lon.  25°  46'  E.  Lat  40"  27'  N. 

Macronisi,  Cranae,  or  Helen,  small  isl.  Greece, 


M  A  D 

at  the  S.  extremity  of  Attica.  Lon.  24"  17' E. 
Lat.  37"  38'  N.  It  is  not  inhabited,  but  affords 
pasturage  for  sheep. 

Macswine\'i  Bay,  Ireland,  11  m.  W.  Donegal. 
Lon.  8"  17'  VV.  Lat.  54"  36'  N. 

Mactan  Isle,  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  isl- 
ands, about  10  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  123° 
48'  E.  Lat.  10"  30'  N. 

Macula,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia,  about 
55  leagues  E.  N.  E.  Cape  Aden.  Lon.  47"  33'  E. 
Lat.  14"  6' N. 

Macumba,  or  Sacumba,  province  of  Mocaranga, 
jnE.  Africa. 

Macuna,  one  of  the  Navigator's  islands,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  169"  W.  Lat.  14°  19'  S. 

Macungy,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,420. 

Macupa,  t  Zanguebar,  in  E.  Africa,  5  m,  N.  W. 
Mombaca. 

Mac  Veytown,  p-v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

Mada,  t.  Hungary,  5  m.  N.  Tokay.  Lon.  21° 
17'  12"  E.  Lat.  48"  11' N. 

Madagascar,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  separated 
from  Africa,  by  a  channel  270  miles  wide  in  its 
narrowest  part,  called  the  channel  of  Mozam- 
bique. It  extends  from  12"  2'  to  25°  40'  S.  lat.  It 
is  about  840  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.  and  is  inter- 
sected throughout  its  whole  length  by  a  chain  of 
very  lofty  mountains.  The  forests  contain  a  pro- 
digious variety  of  most  beautiful  trees.  Timber 
fit  for  masts  and  ship-building,  is  abu)idant.  Iron 
mines  of  excellent  quality  are  dispersed  through- 
out the  mountainous  districts.  The  island  has  a 
line  roil,  and  a  genial  climate.  The  soil  enables 
the  earth,  with  very  little  tillage,  to  produce  the 
most  abundant  crops.  Rice  is  the  vegetable 
chiefly  cultivated,  and  the  staple  food  of  the  in- 
habitants. Potatoes  are  also  a  considerable  ob- 
ject of  culture.  Under  European  cultivation, 
the  number  of  products  might  be  infinitely  va- 
ried. The  sugar  cane  is  raised  with  particular 
success.  Silk  in  great  abundance  is  produced 
spontaneously.  The  sheep  yield  a  very  fine  wool. 
'The  cocoa  nut,  the  banana,  and  other  useful 
trees,  flourish  here,  to  which  are  added  a  number 
of  species  peculiar  to  the  island.  The  population 
has  been  variously  estimated  from  1,600,000  to 
4,000,000.  The  inhabitants  are  of  a  considerable 
variety  of  races,  much  intermingled  with  each 
other.  But  it  is  still  possible  to  discover  the  race 
of  real  negroes,  having  flat  features  and  woolly 
hair,  as  on  the  coast  of  Africa.  Some  of  these 
claim  their  descent  from  the  Arabs,  others  from 
the  Jews.  The  former  profess  the  Mahometan 
religion.  The  French  made  several  fruitless  at- 
tempts to  form  settlements  on  the  island.  Their 
most  permanent  establishment  was  at  Fort  Dau- 
phin, in  the  S.  E.  quarter. 

Madalena  River.     Sea  Magdalena. 

Madalena  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Chiloe.     Lat.  44"  15'  S. 

Madalena,  La,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Califor- 
nia.    Lon.  247"  56' E.  Lat.  24°  53' N. 

Madalena,  La,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  1 1 
leagues  in  circumference.  Lon.  141"  9'  15"  W. 
Lat.  10"  25'  30"  S. 

Madalena,  La,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lon.  9"  35'  E.  Lat.  41°  15'  N. 

Madan,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  Ernest's  sound.  Lat.  56° 
22' N. 

Madaras,  t.  Hungary,  3B  m.  ^V.  bv  S.  Debrec- 
7An.    Pop.  3.20O. 


MAD 


425 


Madbury,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  N.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  582. 

Muddaloni,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro, 
10  m.  S.  E.  Capua,  13  N.  E.  Naples.    Pop.  10,400. 

Maddinsborough,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  10  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Maddinsborough,  t.  Missouri,  15  m.  S.  St.  Gene- 
vieve. 

Madeira,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Africa.  It 
is  54  miles  long  and  21  broad,  and  contains  1,100 
sq.  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  Portuguese.  In  1807, 
however,  when  the  Portuguese  government  wsre 
compelled  to  emigrate  to  Brazil,  Britain  occupied 
the  island  in  trust  for  her  ally,  and  in  that  capa- 
city has  since  continued  to  hold  it — Madeira  con- 
sists altogether  of  a  collection  of  lofty  momitains, 
the  highest  of  which  rises  upwards  of  5,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  On  the  declivity  of 
these  mountains,  all  the  productions  of  the  island 
are  raised.  The  lower  slopes  are  covered  with 
vines,  the  loftier  summits  with  forests  of  pine  and 
chesnut.  The  isle  produces  wheat,  barley,  and 
oats ;  but  in  such  small  quantity,  that  two-thirds 
of  the  consumption  of  grain  must  be  drawn  from 
the  Azores,  and  Irom  America.  The  population 
is  estimated  by  Mr.  Barrow  at  90,000. — The  com- 
merce ot  the  island  consists  almost  entirely  in  the 
export  of  its  wine,  to  the  annual  amount  of  from 
15,000  to  17,000  pipes.  The  best  is  that  called 
London  particular  Madeira ;  the  second,  which  ia 
inferior,  is  called  London  market;  the  third  is 
that  suited  to  the  India  market;  the  fourth  is  for 
the  New  York  market ;  and  there  is  a  fifth,  and 
still  inferior  kind,  which  is  called  cai-go.  The 
prices  of  these  wines  have  experienced  an  extra- 
ordinary rise  within  the  last  twenty-five  years. 
That  of  tlie  best  kind,  or  London  particular,  has 
since  1793  been  at  the  following  rates  per  pipe: 
1793,  35/.;  1798,  42/.;  1806,  44/.;  1811,  54/. 
— The  imports  from  Great  Britain  amounted  in 
1809,  to  518,148/.  of  which  nine-tenths  consisted 
of  British  manufactures.  The  Americans  also  im- 
port provisions,  lumber,  &c.  to  the  value  of  about 
$590,000.  Adjacent  to  Madeira  is  Porto  Santo,  a 
small  island,  rather  high,  and  with  a  good  road- 
stead ;  and  the  Desertas,  which,  as  their  name 
imports,  are  uninhabited.  These,  with  Madeira 
itself,  compose  tlie  group  of  the  Madeiras.  Fun- 
chal,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  17°  6'  W.  lat.  32"  37' N. 

Madeley  Market,  t.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  near  tlie 
Severn,  13  m.  E.  Shrewsbury,  148  N.  VV.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  2"  28'  VV.  Lat.  52"  38'  N.     Pop.  5,076. 

Maden,  t.  Armenia,  on  the  Tigris,  60  m.  N.  Di- 
arbekir. 

Madera,  r.  which  rises  in  Buenos  Ayres,  near 
Cochabamba,  in  lat.  18"  S.  under  the  name  of  Con- 
derillo.  It  passes  under  various  names  into  Bra- 
zil, and  enters  the  Amazon  in  lat.  3" 24'  S.  lon.  60° 
40'  W.  Its  length  is  about  1,500  miles,  and  it  is 
the  principal  tributary  of  the  Amazon. 

Madian,  or  Midian,  v.  Hedsjas,  in  Arabia,  near 
the  head  of  the  Red  sea,  20  m.  N.  Moilah. 

Madighery,  t.  India,  belonging  to  the  rajah  of 
Mysore.     Lon.  77"  15'  E.  Lat.  13"  33'  N. 

Madigheshy,  fort,  India,  belonging  to  the  rajah 
of  Mysore.     Lon.  77"  16'  E.  Lat.  13"  48'  N. 

Madinga,  r.  America,  in  the  isthmus  of  Darien, 
which  runs  into  the  Spanish  Main,  in  lon.  78°  48' 
E.  lat.  9"  22'  N. 

Madison,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  Kenne- 
beck,  9  m.  N.  Norridgewock.     Pop.  686. 

Madison,  co.  N,  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 


.54 


426 


MAD 


MAD 


Gneida,  Otsego,  Chenango,  Cortlandt,  and  Onei- 
da lake.     Pop.  25,144.    Chief  town,  Cazenovia. 

Madison,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  W. 
Utica,  113  W.  Albany.  Pop.  2,229.  It  contains 
2  churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 
Baptists. 

Madison,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  Culpeper,  Orange, 
•and  Shenandoah  counties.  Pop.  8,381.  Slaves, 
3,970.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Madison,  t.  Madison  co.  Va.  45  m.  fr.  Freder- 
icksburg. 

Madison,  t.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on  James  river,  op- 
posite Lynchburg. 

Madison,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Geo.  Chief 
town,  Danielsville.  The  springs  in  this  county 
are  5  m.  from  Danielsville,  and  are  much  fre- 
quented. 

Madison,  p-t.  and  cap.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

Madison,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  JST.  side  of  Ten- 
nessee river.     Chief  town,  Huntsville. 

Madison,  p-t.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 

Madison,  co.  Ken.    Chief  town,  Richmond, 

Madison,  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,603.  Chief  town. 
New  London. 

Madison,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river,  14 
m.  above  Hamilton. 

Madison,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio.     Fop.  in  1819,  755. 

Madison,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.     Pop,  539. 

Madison,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S,  Lancas- 
ter. 

Madison,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio, 

Madison,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  E.  Co- 
lumbus.    Pop.  in  1819,  950. 

Madison,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  170. 

Madison,  p-t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie,  at 
the  mouth  of  Grand  river. 

Madison,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E. 
Cambridge.     Pop.  240. 

Madison,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 

Madison,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  430. 

Madison,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

Madison,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Madison,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  W. 
Dayton. 

Madison,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  7  m,  N.  E.  Som- 
eiset 

Madison,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  Cir- 
cleville.     Pop.  406, 

Madison,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Madison,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E.  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  307. 

Madison,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co,  Indiana,  on 
the  Ohio,  45  m.  above  the  falls,  75  below  Cincin- 
nati. Pop.  in  1819,  1,300.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
printing-office,  and  2  churches,  1  for  Methodists, 
and  1  for  Presbyterians.  It  has  grown  rapidly 
for  three  or  four  years,  and  is  the  second  town  in 
size  in  the  State. 

Madison,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi,  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  Pop.  in  1818, 
5,456.  Chief  town,  EdwarJsville.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Madison,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  one  of  the  forks 
of  the  river  Missouri. 

Madisonville,  p-t.  St,  Tammany  co.  Louisiana, 
on  lake  Ponchartrain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Che- 
functi,  27  m.  N.  New  Orleans,  127  N.  Natchez. 

Madisonville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

Madjar,  Madjak,  or  Amoul  Ouhsa,  great  lake, 
Siberia,  in  Tomsk. 

Madmannah.  in  Sac.  Geoj.  t,  in  the  tribe  of 
Boniamin. 


Madona,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  5  m 
S.  W.  Nysari.    Lon.  26°  49'  E.  Lat.  36"  31'  N. 

Madras  Territory,  country,  India,  which  hag 
gradually  increased  within  the  last  70  years,  from 
a  barren  slip  of  land  of  5  miles  in  length,  to  the 
extent  of  a  very  large  and  populous  kingdom. 
The  countries  subject  to  the  British  presidency 
of  Fort  St.  G  eorge,  or  Madras,  now  comprehend 
nearly  the  whole  of  India  south  of  the  river  Kist- 
nah,  and  the  extensive  province  denominated  the 
Northern  Circars ;  within  these  boundaries,  how- 
ever, there  are  still  three  native  princes,  who  col- 
lect the  revenues,  and  exercise  a  certain  degree 
of  authority  in  their  respective  states ;  but  are 
wholly  dependent  on  the  British  government,  are 
protected  by  a  military  force,  and  pay  a  large  an- 
nual tribute.  These  princes  are  the  rajahs  of 
Mysore,  Travancore,  and  Cochin.  The  revenues 
of  Madras  arise  principally  from  the  land,  but  the 
charges  exceed  the  receipts  by  above  500,000/- 
per  annum. 

Madras,  a  celebrated  city  and  fortress  of  the 
south  of  India,  and  cap.  of  the  British  possessions 
in  that  quarter.  It  is  situated  on  a  flat  sandy 
shore,  where  the  surf  runs  with  extreme  vio- 
lence. Madras  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1744, 
but  restored  to  the  British,  in  1749,  since  which 
it  has  been  gradually  improved,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  strongest  fortresses  in  India.  All  the  offices  of 
government,  and  courts  of  justice,  are  in  the  fort, 
which  is  called  Fort  St.  George, — The  native,  or 
black  town,  is  north  of  the  fort,  at  the  distance  of 
nearly  a  mile.  It  is  surrounded  by  fortifications 
sufficient  to  repel  any  sudden  attack.  In  1794, 
the  population  was  estimated  at  300,000.  The 
government  of  Madras  is  subordinate  to  the  su- 
preme government  of  Bengal.  A  college  has 
been  lately  instituted,  for  instructing  the  jun- 
ior civil  servants  in  all  of  the  native  langua- 
ges. The  soil  in  the  vicinity  of  Madras  is  very 
poor,  and  formerly  provisions  were  very  scarce 
and  dear.  Considerable  trade  is  carried  on  with 
Europe,  China,  Ceylon,  New  Holland,  and  defer- 
ent parts  of  India ;  but  owing  to  the  want  of  a 
navigable  river,  and  the  ditficulty  of  lauding 
goods,  the  town  labours  under  great  disadvanta- 
ges. The  black  town  is  inhabited  by  pei-soos 
from  all  parts  of  tlie  world,  who  are  left  to  the  free 
enjoyment  of  their  religion.  It  contains  an  Ar- 
menian and  Portuguese  church,  a  mosque,  anel 
several  Hindoo  temples.  There  are  12  missiona- 
ries at  Madras  in  the  employment  of  the  English 
Missionary  Societies.  They  have  established  a 
printing  press,  and  several  schools.  The  climate 
is  very  hot,  but  not  unhealthy.  Lon.  80°  25'  E. 
Lat.  13"  5'  N. 

Madre  de  Dios,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Patagonia, 
180  miles  in  circumference,  Lon,  77"  46'  W.  Lat. 
51"  S. 

Madre  de  Dios.     See  Resolution. 

Madre  de  Popa,  t.  New  Granada,  54  m.  E.  Car- 
thagena. 

Madrid,  the  capital  of  Spain,  is  situated  near 
the  centre  of  the  kingdom,  in  New  Castile,  near 
the  small  river  Manzanarcs,  about  300  miles  from 
the  sea  on  each  side.  It  stands  on  sevei-al  emi- 
nences in  the  centre  of  a  large  plain,  which  is 
elevated  2,200  feet  above  the  level  of  tlie  sea,  so 
that  Madrid  is  the  most  elevated  capital  in  Eu- 
rope. It  is  surrounded  by  a  high  earthen  wall, 
but  has  no  ditch,  or  any  other  means  of  defence- 
The  old  streets  are  nnrrow  aad  crooked,  but  ma- 


MAE 

uy  others  are  wide,  straight,  and  regular;  they 
are  now  kept  clean,  and  well  lighted.  The  pri- 
vate houses  of  Madrid  are  uniform,  and  have  very 
little  striking  in  their  exterior  ;  they  are  gener- 
ally low,  with  grated  windows.  The  public 
buildings  are  not  remarkable  for  their  architec- 
ture. The  most  splendid  is  the  royal  palace,  which 
is  of  a  square  form,  it?  walls  extending  each  way 
404  feet,  and  having  86  feet  in  height :  the  in- 
closed court  is  120  feet  square.  It  is  strongly 
built;  its  wall*  are  thick;  its  foundations  deep; 
its  pillar&  strong;  and  every  room,  is  vaulted,  no 
•wood  being  admitted  into  its  construction.  It  is 
elegantly  ornamented  on  the  outside ;  the  stair- 
case is  grand,  and  the  apartments  spacious,  par- 
ticularly the  hall  of  audience  to  foreign  ambassa- 
dors. This  palace  contains  a  large  collection  of 
paintings  by  tlie  best  masters  of  Flanders,  Italy, 
and  Spain :  also  the  crown,  jewels,  and  other  re- 
galia.— Madrid  enjoys  almost  always  a  cloudless 
sky,  and  a  pure  and  serene  atmosphere  ;  but  the 
air  is  extremely  keen,  and  produces  very  severe 
effects  on  weak  constitutions.  The  population, 
including  military,  clergy,  and  strangers,  is  near- 
ly 200,000.  Bull  fights  are  the  favourite  amuse- 
ments of  all  ranks.  There  are  academies  for 
the  study  of  history,  and  for  painting,  sculp- 
ture, and  architecture;  also  for  the  Spanish 
language.  The  royal  library  contains  above 
100,000  volumes. — The  hospitals  and  other  char- 
itable institutions,  are  numerous. — Madrid  is  not 
an  ancient  city.  The  court  of  Spain  was  not 
permanently  fixed  here  till  1 563.  650  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Paris,  850  W.  by  S.  Rome.  Lon.  3°  3^  8"  VV. 
I.at.  40°  25'  7"  N. 

Madrid,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence,  60  m.  below  Kingston,  1 10  above 
Montreal.  Pop.  1,420.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Hamilton. 

Madrigal,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Valladolid.     Pop.  1,250. 

Madrigal,  city,  New  Granada,  35  leagues  S. 
Popayan. 

Madrilejos,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  63  m.  S. 
Madrid,  43  S.  S.  W.  Toledo.  Lon.  3°  32' W.  Lat. 
39°27'N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Mad  river,  r.  N.  H.  which  falls  into  the  Pemige- 
wasset,  at  Campton. 

Mad  river,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Miami,  at  Dayton. 

Mad  river,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1815,  570. 

Mad  river,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  in  1819,  7 15. 

Madrogan,  t.  Mocaranga,  in  E.  Africa.  Lou. 
29"  30'  E.  Lat.  18"  S. 

Madeira,  a  district  of  the  south  of  India,  be- 
tween 9"  and  10"  N.  lat.  and  about  78°  E.  Ion.  In 
1801,  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  British. — 
Madura,  the  capital,  was  formerly  well  fortified. 
Lon.  78°  13' E.  Lat.  9"  51' N. 

Madura,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  narrow  channel,  100  miles  long,  called 
the  strait  of  xMadura.  On  the  S.  E.  of  the  island 
is  the  principal  town,  called  Samanap.  Lon.  112° 
54' E.  Lat.  6°  44' to  7"  1 5' S. 

Maese,  a  large  r.  Europe,  which  rises  in  the 
French  department  of  the  Upper  Marne,  enters 
the  Netherlands  to  the  north  of  Charleville,  and 
fells  into  the  German  ocean  below  Rotterdam. 
Length  about  400  miles. 

Maestricht,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  the  province 
»)f  Limburg,  on  the  Maeae,  at  the  junction  of  the 


MAG 


4S7 


Jaer.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  places  of  the 
Netherlands,  The  manufactures  are  leather, 
flannel,  stockings,  and  different  kinds  of  coarse 
cloth.  Here  are  likewise  extensive  brewerie.'i 
and  distilleries.  14  m.  N.  by  E.  Liege,  56  E. 
Brussels.  Lou.  5°  43' £.  Lat.  50°  48  N.  Pop. 
18,500. 

Mafamede,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  16°  2«)'  S. 

Majfalubrense,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  La- 
voro.     Pop.  2,700. 

Mafniala,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  16°  20' S. 

Mafra,  t.  Portugal,  20  fti.  N.  W.  Lisbon.  Pop, 
1,000. 

Mafragg,  r.  Algiers,  which  runs  into  the  Medi- 
terranean, near  Cape  Rosa. 

Mafamo,  or  English  River.     See  Dclagoa  Bay. 

Magadoxa,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  cap.  of  a 
country  of  the  same  name.  The  interior  of  this 
region  is  almost  wholly  unknown.  The  inhabi- 
tants always  oppose  a  most  determined  resistance 
to  Europeans,  and  the  Portuguese  never  were 
able  to  establish  any  footing  there.  Lon,  46°  30' 
E.  Lat.  2°  8'  N, 

Maganja,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the 
Zambeze,  in  lon.  33°  40'  E.  lat.  16°  20'  S. 

Magaraba,  range  of  mountains  in  Algiers,  ex- 
tending about  30  miles  along  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean. 

Magarzan,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Africa.    Lat.  21°  10'  S. 

Magdala,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  tribe  of 
Issachar,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Jordan,  in 
the  country  of  tlie  Gadareiies. 

Magdalen  River,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  lon.  65°  5'  W.  lat. 
49°  12'  N. 

Magdalena,  r.  S.  America,  in  New  Granada, 
which  rises  in  the  province  of  Popayan,  and  has  a 
northerly  course  in  the  valley  between  the  great 
longitudinal  ridges  of  the  Andes.  It  runs  900 
miles  and  falls  into  the  sea,  63  m.  N,  E.  Cartha- 
gena,  in  lat.  11"  2'  N. 

Magdalena,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which  runs 
into  the  sea,  between  the  rivers  Flores  and  Mexi- 
cano. 

Magdalene  Islands,  cluster  of  islands,  7  in  num- 
ber, in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  42  m.  N,  W. 
the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Lon,  61°  40'  W,  Lat. 
47°  13' to  47°  42' N. 

Magdeburg,  a  district  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
the  province  of  Saxony,  composed  of  the  old 
duchy  of  Magdeburg,  the  part  of  the  Old  Mark 
lying  to  the  left  of  the  Elbe,  the  principal- 
ity of  Halberstadt,  the  abbey  of  Quedlinburg,  the 
county  of  Wernigerode,  the  barony  of  Schauen, 
and  tlie  bailiwicks  of  Kloetze,  Barby,  and  Gom- 
mern.  Extent,  4,400  sq.  miles.  Pop.  446,000. 
It  is  divided  into  15  circles.  It  consists  almost  en- 
tirely of  a  fertile  level  tract.  Corn  is  raised  for 
exportation ;  and  the  quantity  of  flax  and  hemp 
is  very  large.  The  area  of  the  old  duchy  of 
Magdeburg  was  2,060  sq,  miles.     Pop,  290,000. 

Magdeburg,  large  city,  Prussian  states,  cap. 
formerly  of  a  duchy,  now  of  a  district,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Saxony,  situated  in  a  very  beautiful, 
though  flat  country,  on  both  sides  of  the  Elbe.  It 
is  one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Germany,  be- 
ing surrounded  with  a  number  of  out-works,  and 
having  a  citadel  on  an  island  in  the  river,  with  an 
arsenal  and  store-houses,  Magdeburg  is  well 
built,  and  has  several  beautiful  squares.    The 


428  MAG 

most  remarkable  public  buildings  are  tlie  royal 
exchequer,  the  house  where  the  different  courts 
used  to  assemble ;  the  ducal  palace,  the  regency 
house,  tlie  government  house,  the  new  and  old  ar- 
senals, &c.  The  manufactures  are  extensive, 
and  consist  of  woollen,  linen,  stockings,  hats, 
leather,  tobacco,  soap,  and  wax.  The  navigation 
of  the  Elbe  is  of  great  importance  to  trade,  par- 
ticularly since  relieved  by  the  congress  of  Vienna, 
(1815,)  from  apart  of  the  numerous  tolls  collect- 
ed at  different  places.  75  m.  W.  S.  W.  Berlin, 
62  N.  N.  W.  Leipsic,  120  S.  S.  E.  Hamburgh. 
Lon.  ir  38'  E.  Lat.  52"  8'  N.  Pop.  in  1816, 
30,250,  of  whom  28,000  were  Protestants,  and  the 
rest  Catholics  and  Jews. 

Magdelaine,  La  Prairie  de  la.     See  La  Prairie. 
Magelholm,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  Laland.     Lon.  1 1°  17'  E.  Lat. 
54"'43'N. 

Magellan,  Straits  of,  a  passage  between  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  ocean,  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  continent  of  America,  upwards  of  300  miles 
in  length,  in  some  places  several  leagues  over,  and 
in  others  not  half  a  league.  The  passage  through 
these  straits  is  dangerous  in  the  extreme.  Lon. 
70°  to  IT  W.  Lat.  52°  30'  to  64°  S. 

Mageroe,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Norwegian  Lap- 
land, containing  Cape  North,  in  lon.  26°  0'45"  E. 
lat.  7  r  11' 30"  N. 

Magerville,  t.  Sunbury  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  W .  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

Maggenta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  13 
m.  W.Milan.    Pop.  4,000. 

Maggeri,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.    Lon.  77°  37'  E. 
Lat.  12°  57' N. 
Maggiore,  Lake.    See  Lago  Maggiore. 
Magharee,  or  Seven  Hogs,  cluster  of  small  isl- 
ands, on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  at  the  entrance 
into  Tralee  bay.     Lon.  9"  55'  W.     Lat.  52"  19'  N. 
Maghera,  v.  Ireland,  in  Derry  co.  16  m.  S.  Cole- 
raine. 

Magherafelt,  v.  Ireland,  in  Londonderry  co.  !'> 
m.  W.  Antrim,  30  S.  E.  Londonderry. 

Maghremore  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, 5  m.  S.  Wicklowhead. 

Magillagan  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Lough  Foyle,  18  m.  N.  E.  Londonderry. 
Lon.6°50' W.  Lat.  55°  12' N. 

Magindano,  isl.  in  the  Eastera  seas,  the  most 
southerly  of  the  Philippines,  about  300  miles  long, 
and  800  in  circumference.  It  has  so  many  points 
running  into  the  sea,  with  large  bays  of  correspon- 
ding depth,  that  it  is  extremely  favourable  for  pi- 
racy, as  it  affords  harbours  and  lurking  places  in 
case  of  pursuit.  The  soil  is  well  watered.  Rice 
is  produced  in  great  plenty  ;  as  also  yams,  sweet 
potatoes,  cocoa  nufs,  oranges,  limes,  and  all  fruits 
common  to  tropical  climates.  The  inhabitants 
are  all  given  to  piracy,  and  even  depend  on  it  as  a 
resource  for  subsistence.  They  cruiv,,->  among  the 
Philippines,  where  they  attack  trading  vessels, 
and  frequently  extend  thf  ir  depradutions  to  Java, 
Sumatra,  Borneo,  3nd  C  .;lebss.  They  had  the  te- 
merity to  attack  the  settlement  at  Prince  of  Wales' 
island,  soon  after  its  establishment  in  1788,  but 
■were  repulsed  with  loss.  In  1803,  they  fitted  out  a 
fleet  of  40  prows,  with  the  intention  of  invading  the 
India  company's  settlements  in  Celebes,  but  were 
met  and  defeated.  Lon.  1 19°  30'  to  125°  E.  Lat.  5° 
40'  to  9°  55'  N.  Magindano,  the  principal  town 
and  residence  of  the  sultan,  is  in  lon.  124°  40'  Eb 
iat.  7°9'N. 


M  A  H 

Magllano,  i.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  ^4 
m.  N.  Rome. 

Magnac  Laval,  t.  France,  in  Upper- Vienne,  24 
m.  N.  Limgoes.     Pop.  2,800. 

Magna  Facca,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  on  a  canal,  which  extends  from  the  Adri- 
atic to  the  townof  Commachio,  3  m.  S.  E.  Comma- 
chio. 

Magnes,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Candia,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Canea. 

Magnesia,  ancient  province  in  the  N.  of  Greece, 
on  the  gulf  of  Salonica. 

Magnetical  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  213°  22'  W. 
Lat.  19°  8' S. 

Magnisa,  t.  Asia  Minor,  the  ancient  Magnesia^ 
which  was  at  one  time  the  capital  of  the  Greek 
empire.  It  was  particularly  celebrated  for  its 
magnificent  temple,  dedicated  to  Diana  Leuco- 
phryne.  It  is  still  large  and  populous.  20  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Smyrna.  -  Lon.  27°  18'  E.  Lat.  38°  44'  N. 

Magnovka,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  43  m.  S.  Zy- 
tomiers.     Pop.  2,400. 

Magny,  i.  France,  in  Seine -and-Oise,  30  m.  'N. 
W.  Paris.     Pop.  1,400. 

Magora,  s-p.  Arabia,  on  the  Red  sea,  150  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Loheia. 

Magpie  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  John. 

Magra,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean a  little  E.  of  the  gulf  of  Spezzia. 

Magruders,  p-v.  Prince  George's  co.  Md. 

Magstadt,  v.  Wirtemberg,  9  m.  W.  Stutgard. 
Pop.  1,250. 

Maguari,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon. 
49°  58'  W.  Lat.  0°  16'  S. 

Maguelonne  Etang  de,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, in  France,  about  40  miles  long,  and  1  or 
2  broad.     Lon.  3°  55'  E.  Lat.  43°  29'  N. 

Maguiba,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  sea, 
a  little  E.  of  Cape  Monte. 

Mahabalepuram,  t.  India,  in  the  Camatic.  In 
the  vicinity  are  celebrated  ruins  of  ancient  Hindoo 
temples,  dedicated  to  Vishnu.  Lon.  78°  18'  E. 
Lat.  12°  23'  N. 

MaltabvUpore,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  90°  48'  E.  Lat. 
23°  13'  N. 

Mahalla.     See  Mchallet. 

Mahanaim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Jordan,  given  by  the  tribe  of  Gad  to  the  Le- 
vites. 

Mahanguiyi,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of 
Marindugera.     Lon.  121°  51'  E.  Lat.  13°  16'  N. 

Mahantango,  r.  Pa.  which  falls  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  18  m.  below  Sunbury. 

Mahantango,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,605. 

Mahantango,  Lower,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  687, 

Mahantango,  Upper,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  489. 

Mahanuddy,  [The  Large  River,']  r.  Hind,  which 
falls  into  the  bay  of  Bengal  by  several  mouths, 
about  20°  N.  lat. 

Maharajegunge,  t.  Bengal,  in  Purneah,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Mahanuddy  river.  Lon.  88°  5'  E. 
Lat.  26"  5'  N. 

Mahe,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  one  of  the  group 
called  the  Sechelles.  Lon.  55°  30'  E.  Lat.  4''  45'  9. 

Mahe,  t.  India  on  the  coast  of  Malabar,  near 
Tellicherry.  It  carries  on  a  trade  in  pepper. 
Lon.  75°  38'  E.  Lat.  1 1°  42'  N. 

Mahim^  t.  Hind,  on  the  N.  point  of  the  island  of 


M  A  I 

Bombay.  It  has  a  small  Portuguese  church. 
It  is  one  of  the  stations  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  The  town 
is  J7  miles  N.  of  Bombay  fort. 

Mahim,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  belonging  to  the 
Mahrattas.     Lon.  72°  48'  E.  Lat.  1 9"  39'  N. 

Mahlberg,  or  Mallberg,  t.  Baden,  6  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Lahr.     Pop.  900. 

Mahtnoodabad,  city,  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  10  m.  S. 
Kaira.     Lon.  72°  52'  E.  Lat.  22"  47'  N. 

Makmoodabad,  t  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  79"  23' 
E.  Lat.  27°  19' N. 

Mahmoodpore,  t.  Bengal,  75  m.  N.  E.  Calcutta. 

Mahmoodshi,  district  of  Bengal,  mostly  situated 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges. 

Mahmora.     See  Mamora. 

Mahommed-ameenpore,  extensive  district.  Hind, 
of  700  square  miles,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Bhag- 
garutty  river,  comprehending  Hoogly,  and  all  the 
other  European  towns  on  the VV.  side  of  the  river. 

Mahammedy,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.      Lat.  27°  56'  N. 

Mahorij  r.  Ireland,  in  Watorford,  which  runs 
into  tlie  sea,  11  m.  £.  Dungarvan. 

Mahoning,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Allegha- 
ny, 5  ra.  below  Franklin. 

Mahoning,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,316. 

Mahoning,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  552. 

Mahoning,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio,  and  passing 
into  Pennsylvania,  joins  the  Ohio. 

Mahony,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  829. 

Mahoor,  district,  Hind,  in  Berar.  Mahoor,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  78°  33'  E.  lat.  20°  4'  N. 

Mahowl,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  87°  47'  E. 
Lat.  26"  4' N. 

Mahratta  Territory,  a  very  extensive  country  of 
Hindostan,  which,  till  very  recently,  extended 
across  what  is  called  the  peninsula  of  India,  from 
Gujerat  nearly  to  the  banks  of  the  Ganges,  and 
southerly  to  the  northern  borders  of  the  Mysore. 
The  Mahrattas  are  the  most  formidable  Hindoo 
power,  and  of  late  have  been  frequently  engaged 
in  war  with  the  British.  Their  whole  army  till 
lately,  was  composed  of  cavalry.  They  are  not, 
however,  very  formidable  as  a  regular  force,  de- 
pending much  more  on  the  celerity  of  their  mo- 
tions, and  sudden  incursions,  than  in  boldly  meet- 
ing their  enemy ;  their  only  arms  are  a  sword  and 
spear,  and  their  only  camp  equipage  blankets  or 
horse  cloths.  Thus  unincumbered,  and  their  hor- 
ses being  fed  indiscriminately  on  the  dry  thatch 
of  the  houses,  or  the  growing  corn  of  the  fields, 
they  marched  at  the  rate  of  50  miles  a-day. 

Marish  Cromau,  or  Moraivski  Krumlow,  t.  Mo- 
ravia, 15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Brunn.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mahy  River,  r.  Hind,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Cambay,  after  a  course  of  280  miles. 

Maia,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  which  falls  into 
the  Aldane. 

Maida,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  9  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Squillace.  Here  an  action  was  fought,  4th 
July  1806,  between  the  British  and  French,  in 
which  the  latter  were  defeated.     Pop.  3,000. 

Maiden  Bradley,  v.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  7  m.  from 
Hendon  and  Warminster.     Pop.  603. 

Maiden  creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Schuyl- 
kill 7  m.  N.  Reading. 

Maiden  creek,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  918. 

Maiden  Kewton,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  on 
the  river  Frome,  8  m.  N.  W.  Dorchester. 

Maiden  Rocks,  rocks  near  the  N.  coast  of  Java. 
Lon.  114°  36' E.  Lat.  7°  38' S. 

rMaidtnhead,  t.  Eng.  in  Berks  co.  on  the  Thames, 


M  A  I 


4^ 


26  m.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  43'  W.  Lat.  51°  31'  N. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Maidenhead,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  6  m.  N.  E. 
Trenton.     Pop.  1,086. 

Maidstone,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  Medway, 
which  is  here  navigable  for  vessels  of  50  or  60  tons. 
Here  the  assizes  for  the  county  are  held.  The 
new  buildings  for  the  county  jail,  &c.  are  among 
the  most  splendid  in  the  kingdom,  covering  a  space 
of  above  13  acres  of  land,  and  classification  is  here 
carried  to  its  greatest  extent,  there  being  27  sepa- 
rate airing  yards,  and  not  less  than  450  sleeping 
cells  for  prisoners.  The  principal  produce  of  the 
neighbourhood  is  hops  ;  and  Maidstone  is  the  first 
hop  market  in  the  kingdom.  It  is  a  borough,  and 
sends  two  members  to  parliament.  9  m.  S.  Roch- 
ester, 27  W.  Canterbury,  34  S.  E.  London.  Lon. 
0"  31'  E.  Lat.  51"  16'  N.     Pop.  10,462. 

Maidstone,  t.  Essex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Lake  St.  Clair. 

Maidstone,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  53  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  177. 

Maig,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Shannon, 
7  m.  below  Limerick. 

Maignelay,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  14  m.  N.  E.  Cler- 
mont. '  Pop.  900. 

Maihidpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  belonging  to 
the  Mahrattas,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Soprah 
river.  In  the  vicinity  of  this  place  a  severe  battle 
was  fought,  21st  December,  1817,  between  the 
troops  of  Holkar  and  the  British,  in  which  the  for- 
mer were  defeated.  20  m.  N.  Oojan,  the  capital 
of  Scindia. 

Mailcotta,  t.  India,  in  Mysore,  and  one  of  the 
most  celebrated  places  of  Hindoo  worship.  It 
is  said  that  the  temple  is  extremely  rich,  and  that 
the  idols  are  covered  with  jewels.  Lon.  76°  52'  E. 
Lat.  12°  38'  N. 

Maillard,  bold  promontory  in  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  tlie  St.  Lawrence,  22  m.  below  the 
island  of  Orleans* 

Maillebois,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loire,  12  m. 
S.  E.  VerneuiL     Pop.  800. 

Maillesais,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  6  m.  S. 
Fontenay.     Pop.  1,150. 

Maina,  a  mountainous  district  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  comprising  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  ancient 
province  of  Laconia.  It  is  the  least  fertile  part  of 
the  peninsula,  consisting  chiefly  of  the  extensive 
ridge  of  mountains  known  by  the  name  of  Tayge- 
tus.  The  inhabitants  called  Mainotti  or  Mainotes, 
amount  to  between  40,000  and  50,000.  They 
style  themselves  the  descendants  of  the  ancient 
Lacedemonians ;  and,  aided  by  the  natural  strength 
of  their  mountains,  have  delended  their  liberty 
against  the  Turks,  with  a  bravery  and  constancy 
not  unworthy  of  such  distinguished  ancestors. 

Mainburg,  t.  Bavaria,  38  m.  N.  N.  E.  Munich. 
Pop.  900. 

Maine,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N.  W.  and 
N.  by  Lower  Canada  ;  E.  by  New  Brunswick ; 
S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  New  Hampshire. 
It  lies  between  43°  05'  and  48°  N.  lat.  and  between 
66°  49'  and  70°  55'  W.  lon.  and  is  estimated  to  con- 
tain 32,000  square  miles,  or  24,480,000  acres.  It 
is  divided  into  9  counties,  and  217  towns.  Pop. 
in  1790,  96,540 ;  in  1800,  151,719  ;  in  1810, 
228,705 ;  and  in  1820,  297,839.  The  most  popu- 
lous  parts  of  the  State  are  the  counties  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  and  the  sea-coast,  particularly  in  the 
S.  W,  The  northern  half  of  the  State  is  yet  unin- 
habited, and  almost  unexplored.    The  principal 


430 


M  A  I 


lakes  are  Umbagog,  which  lies  partly  in  New- 
Hampshire,  Moosehead,  Chesuncook,  and  Sebago. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Penobscot,  Kenne- 
beck,  Saco,  Androscoggin,  and  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  State,  the  St.  John's  and  its  branches. 
An  extensive  district  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the 
State,  around  the  great  lakes  and  head  waters  of 
the  Kennebeck  and  Penobscot,  is  mountainous. 
The  rest  of  Maine  is  generally  hilly,  and  the 
hills  diminish  in  height  on  every  side,  as  you  re- 
cede from  the  mountains.  The  south-western  part 
of  the  State,  and  the  tract  of  country  along  the  sea 
coast,  from  10  to  20  miles  wide,  has  generally  a 
poor  soil,  though  in  some  places  tolerably  fertile. 
The  land  on  the  Kennebeck,  and  between  that 
river  and  the  Penobscot,  is  excellent.  East  of  the 
Penobscot,  it  is  less  productive.  The  mountain- 
ous tract  in  the  N.  W.  has  a  poor  soil.  The  lands 
on  St.  John's  river  and  its  numerous  branches,  are 
said  to  be  very  fertile,  but  this  part  of  the  State  is 
not  yet  settled.  The  principal  productions  of 
Maine  are  grass,  Indian  com,  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
and  flax.  A  large  portion  of  the  State  is  yet  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Lumber  is  the  great  article  of 
export.  It  is  brought  down  all  tlie  rivers  in  large 
quantities.  The  other  articles  are  fish,  potash, 
beef,  and  pork.  Maine  is  finely  situated  for  com- 
merce. It  has  an  extensive  sea-coast,  abounding 
with  fine  harbours,  and  is  intersected  by  nume- 
rous navigable  rivers,  which  open  an  easy  com- 
munication with  the  interior.  The  nearest  mar- 
ket for  the  S.  W.  section  of  the  State,  is  Portland; 
for  the  country  on  the  Kennebeck,  Hallowell  ; 
for  the  country  on  the  Penobscot,  Bangor.  The 
natural  market  for  the  northern  half  of  the  State, 
which  is  yet  unsettled,  will  be  Quebeck,  in  Lower 
Canada,  and  Frederickston  in  New  Brunswick. 
The  value  of  the  exports  for  the  year  ending  Sept. 
30th,  1820,  was  $1,108,030.  The  value  of  the 
manufactures  in  1810,  was  $3,741,116.  The  prin- 
cipal literary  institutions  are  Bowdoin  college  in 
Brunswick,  the  Maine  charity  school  at  Bangor, 
and  the  Literary  and  Theological  Institution  at 
Waterville.  The  Congregationalists  and  Baptists 
are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations. 
They  have  each  more  than  100  congregations. 
Maine  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1820.  Tlie 
Hon.  William  D.  Williamson,  of  Bangor,  is  pre- 
paring a  history  of  the  State. 

Maine,  large  r.  which  rises  in  the  centre  of  Ger- 
many, and  flowing  west,  passes  by  Frankfort,  and 
falls,  with  a  wide  channel  and  copious  stream,  into 
the  Rhine,  opposite  to  Mentz.  It  is  navigable  as 
far  as  Bamberg. 

Maine,  Lower,  a  circle  of  the  Bavarian  states,. 
comprising  certain  territories  acquired  by  the 
treaty  of  Vienna,  in  1815,  and  the  exchanges  con- 
sequent on  that  treaty.  These  are  the  grand 
duchy  of  Wurzburg,  the  principality  of  Fuitla, 
and  certain  portions  of  tlie  grand  duchies  of  Hesse 
and  Fulda.  The  whole  form  an  extensive  prov- 
ince adjoining  Baden,  Hesse-Cassel,  and  Hesse- 
Darmstadt.  Extent,  3,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
423,000.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are 
Catholics.     The  chief  town  is  Wuraburf?. ' 

Maine,  Upper,  a  circle  of  the  Bavarian  states, 
comprising  the  principalities  of  Bamberg'  and  Up- 
per Bayreuth,  with  the  northern  part  of  the  Upper 
Palatinate.  It  lies  contiguous  to  Bohemia  and 
Saxony,  has  an  area  of  3,460  square  miles,  and 
434,000  inhabitants.  The  chief  town  is  Bay- 
reuth. 

Mmnt-and-Lmre,  a  department  in  the  W.  of 


M  A  L 

France,  contiguous  to  the  departments  of  the 
Mayenne,  the  Sarthe,  and  the  Indre-and-Loire. 
Extent,  nearly  4,000  square  miles.  Pop.  404,600. 
Angers  is  the  capital. 

Maine-and-Tauber,  a  circle  in  the  N.  E.  part  of 
the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.     Pop.  96,000. 

Mainland  of  Orkney.     See  Pomona. 

Mainland  of  Shetland,  the  largest  of  the  Shetland 
islands,  60  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  6  to  18 
broad.  The  soil  is  unfavourable  for  vegetation. 
The  hills  are  mostly  covered  with  heath,  and  af- 
ford good  pasturage  for  black  cattle  and  sheep. 
Pop.  14,000. 

Mainotti,  or  Mainots.    See  Maina. 

Mainsae,  t.  France,  in  La  Creuse,  12  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Evaux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Maintenon,  t,  France,  in  Ewre-and-Loire,  on 
Uie  Eure,  11  m.  N.  Chartres.     Pop.  1,600. 

Maipo,  r.  Chili,  in  the  pi-ovince  of  Rancagua. 
It  enters  the  Pacific  ocean  in  lat.  33°  43'  2"  S. 

Maire,  small  isl.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  France, 
opposite  Cape  Croisette. 

Maire,  La,  Straits  of,  a  narrow  channel  or  pas- 
sage from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  be- 
tween Terra  del  Fuego  and  Staten  Land.  It  is 
about  15  miles  long. 

Maim/,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  T  E.  Lat. 
26°  20'  N. 

Maisy,  Cape,  the  E.  extremity  of  the  island  of 
Cuba.  Lat.  20°  20' N. 

Maitea,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  only  3  miles  in 
circuit,  subject  to  the  sovereign  of  Otaheite.  Lon. 
148°  12'  W.  Lat.  17°  63'  S. 

Majir,  v.  Biledulgerid,  in  the  S.  E.  extremity 
of  Algiers.     Lou.  6°  29' E.  Lat.  33°  30' N. 

Majorca,  the  principal  of  the  Balearic  isles,  a 
group  situated  in  the  Mediterranean,  to  the  east  of 
Spain,  and  subject  to  that  crown.  It  is  about  100 
miles  from  the  coast  of  Spain,  and  150  from  Al- 
giers. Extent,  1,410  square  miles.  Pop.  about 
136,000,  of  whom  no  less  than  3,700  are  priests, 
monks,  or  nuns.  It  is  almost  surrounded  by  a 
chain  of  mountains,  a  branch  of  which  penetrates 
towards  the  centre  of  the  island.  Its  climate  is  in 
general  temperate.  The  exports  consist  of  olive 
oil,  wine,  spirits,  oranges,  lemons,  almonds, 
cheese,  capers,  and  beans. 

Makariev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  140  m.  E.  Kostroma. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Makariev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Wolga,  60  m.  E. 
Niznei-Novgorod.     Pop.  800. 

Makaya,  t.  Cayor,  in  W.  Africa,  21  m.  from  the 
sea,  60  m.  S.  of  the  Senegal. 

Maker,  v.  Eng.  in  Cornwall  and  Devonshire,  2 
m.  from  Plymouth,     Pop.  3,678. 

Makerra,     See  Sigg. 

Makkedar,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  12  m.  W. 
Jerusalem. 

Makkum,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  10  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Franeker.     Pop.  2,000. 

Makonda,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  40  m.  N.  W.  Loango. 

Makooa,  a  people  of  E.  Africa,  inhabiting  the 
country  behind  Mosambique.  They  comprise  a 
number  of  very  powerful  tribes,  reaching  from 
iVIelinda  southward  to  the  Zambeze.  They  cher- 
ish the  most  inveterate  enmity  against  the  Portu- 
guese. 

Makow,  t.  Poland,  40  ra.  N.  Warsaw.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Makrinitza,  t.  Greece,  in  Magnesia,  40  m.  S.  E. 
Larissa.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mala,  r.  Peru,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean 
in  lat.  12°  40'  S. 


M  A  L 

Maia,  Punta  de,  cape,  S.  America,  on  the  bay  of 
Panama.  Lon.  38°  W.  Lat.  T  30'  N. 

Malabar,  a  province,  Hind,  between  10°  and  13° 
N.lat.  bounded  N.  by  Camara,  S.  by  the  rajah  of 
Cochin's  territories,  E.  by  the  Western  Ghauts, 
and  W.  by  tiie  sea.  The  part  bordering  on  the 
sea  has  a  level  poor  soil ;  the  rest  consists  of  dif- 
ferent ranges  of  hills,  extending  to  the  foot  of  the 
mountain.  Some  of  these  hills,  and  all  the  rallies 
between,  are  extremely  fertile.  The  chief  pro- 
duce of  this  region  is  timber,  sandal-wood,  cocoa 
nuts,  coir,  and  black  pepper.  Its  principal  towns 
are  Calicut,  Tellicheiry,  and  Cananore.  There 
are  several  colonies  of  oriental  Christians,  Jews, 
and  Mahometans,  established  in  Malabar.  The 
descendants  of  Portuguese,  and  converts  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion,  are  now  very  numerous, 
but  are  not  on  good  terms  with  the  JNestorian  or 
oriental  Christians.  The  province  now  belongs  to 
the  British,  and  in  1807,  yielded  a  revenue  of 
250,000/.  The  name  of  Malabar  is  frequently, 
but  erroneously,  applied  to  the  whole  of  the  west- 
ern coast  of  India. 

Malabar,  Cape,  or  Sandy  Point,  the  S.  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Cod.  Lon.  70°  3'  W.  Lat.  41° 
33' N. 

Malabar  Point,  a  remarkable  promontory  on 
the  island  of  Bombay,  near  which  there  is  a  cele- 
brated temple,  an  object  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 

Malacca,  a  country  of  India  beyond  the  Ganges, 
consisting  of  a  large  peninsula,  connected  with 
Siam  by  the  isthmus  of  Kraw.  At  all  other  points 
it  if  surrounded  by  the  sea,  having  on  the  W.  the 
Indian  ocean  and  the  straits  of  Malacca,  which 
separate  it  from  Sumatra ;  on  the  E.  the  gulf  of 
Sianx  and  the  sea  of  China.  It  is  775  miles  long, 
and  on  an  average,  125  broad.  The  country  is 
traversed  by  a  chain  of  very  lofty  mountams,  and 
covered  with  extensive  forests  and  marshes.  It 
was  formerly  subject  to  Siam,  but  all  the  southern 
part  of  the  peninsula  has  now  shaken  off  the  yoke, 
while  the  northern  States  pay  only  a  moderate 
tribute.  The  leading  inhabitants  are  of  the  race 
called  Malays,  who  are  well  known,  and  widely 
diffused  throughout  all  the  Eastern  seas,  and 
whose  piratical  habits  render  them  the  terror  of 
Asia.  In  the  pursuit  of  plunder  and  of  conquest, 
they  are  brave,  ferocious,  and  vindictive.  They 
are  merciless  to  enemies  and  strangers,  and  capri- 
cious even  to  friends.  Piracy  is  most  deeply  rooted 
in  their  nature.  The  Malayan  language  is  distin- 
guished above  all  otiiera  in  the  east  for  its  smooth- 
ness and  softness,  in  which  respects  it  has  been 
compared  to  the  Italian.  It  has  become,  like  the 
French  in  Europe,  a  sort  of  current  and  universal 
language  over  all  the  sea  coasts,  and  in  all  mer- 
cantile societies  of  Eastern  Asia.  This  distinction 
it  has  attained,  in  consequence  of  the  extensive 
traffic  which  the  Malays  carry  on  throughout  all 
these  countries. 

Malacca,  the  capital  of  the  country  above  de- 
scribed, is  on  the  W.  coast,  on  the  straits  of  Ma- 
lacca. It  was  formerly  one  of  the  principal  Por- 
tuguese settlements,  and  the  key  of  their  trade 
with  the  seas  beyond  India ;  but  in  1640  it  was 
taken  by  the  Dutch,  and  retained  by  them  till 
1795,  when  it  was  subjected  by  a  British  force. 
After  the  formation,  however,  of  the  settlement  at 
Pulo  Penang,  or  Prince  of  Wales'  Island,  that  at 
M?dacca  was  found  to  be  of  little  or  no  use  as  a 
jilace  of  trade.  The  garrison  and  stores  were 
therefore  withdrawn,  the  fortifications  razed,  and 
the  whole  place  dismantled.    Since  that  time  it? 


M  A  L 


431 


commercial  importance  is  almost  entirely  lost. 
The  imports  are  opium,  piece  goods,  silks,  and 
dollars  ;  and  the  exports  chiefly  tin,  pepper,  sago, 
canes,  elephants'  teeth,  and  some  gold  dust.  Ma- 
lacca is  one  of  the  most  important  stations  of  the 
London  Missionary  Society.  They  have  five  mis- 
sionaries here  ;  and  a  printing  office,  from  which 
two  periodical  works  are  issued,  and  Tracts  in 
great  numbers,  both  in  the  Malay  and  Chinese 
languages.  The  printing  office  affords  regular 
employment  to  sixteen  men  and  boys.  In  1818, 
an  Anglo-Chinese  college  was  established,  the  ob- 
ject of  which  is  to  instruct  Chinese  youth  in  the 
English  language  and  the  principles  of  Christiani- 
ty, and  to  impart  to  raissionai-ies  and  others  a 
knowledge  of  the  language  and  literature  of  China. 
Lon.  102°  12'  E.  Lat.  2"  14'  N. 

Malacca,  Straits  of,  a  narrow  sea  between  the 
island  of  Sumatra  and  the  country  of  Malacca,  ex- 
tending from  the  equator  to  lat.  5"  N. 

Malacoita,  t.  Worada,  in  W.  Africa,  42  m.  E. 
Satadoo. 

Malaga,  city,  Spain,  in  Granada,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  extremity  of  a  de  ap 
bay,  with  a  large  plain  to  the  N.  while  on  the  E. 
and  W.  it  is  sheltered  by  lofty  mountains.  The 
harbour  is  capable  of  containing  about  400  mer- 
chant vessels  and  20  ships  of  the  line,  and  those  of 
the  greatest  burden  may  come  up  close  to  the 
quay.  Ships  may  enter  with  all  winds,  and  are 
perfectly  sheltered.  The  rivers  Guadalmedina 
and  Guadalorce  discharge  their  waters  at  this 
place  into  the  ocean,  after  traversing  a  successioa 
of  the  most  fertile  vallies  in  Europe  :  and  in  these 
are  produced  those  fruits  in  which  the  city  carries 
on  so  extensive  a  trade.  These  are  figs,  almonds, 
oranges,  lemons,  and  olives ;  but  the  great  export  is 
wine.  'The  vineyards  on  the  surrounding  hills  pro- 
duce annually  between  2,000  and  3,000  pipes  of 
wine,of  which  the  one  half  is  exported.  55  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Granada,  203  S.  by  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  4°  25' 
W.  Lat.  36°  43'  N.  Pop.  52,000. 

Malaga,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  N.  Woods- 
field. 

Malagon,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  12  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Ciudad  Real. 

Malahide,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake 
Erie. 

Malalais,  small  isl.  in  the  sea  of  Mindoro.  Lon. 
120°  51' E.  Lat.  11°  18' N. 

Malamocco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  an  island  in  the 
gulf  of  Venice.     Pop.  1,100. 

Malaneo  Islands,  2  small  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Lucon.  Lon.  122°  28' E.  LaU 
18"  2' N. 

Malar,  or  Maler,  lake,  Sweden,  about  80  miles 
long,  which  communicates  with  the  Baltic  at 
Stockholm. 

Malatayor,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  114°  E.  Lat.  3°  24' S. 

Malatia,  t.  Asia  Minor,  15  m.  W.  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Melitene.  90  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Diarbekir. 

Malativoe,  t.  Ceylon.  Lon.  81°  7'  E.  Lat.  9° 
17'  N, 

Malaucenne,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  18  m.  N, 
E.  Avignon.     Pop.  2,600. 

Malavilly,  t  India,  in  Mysore,  35  m.  from  Serin- 
gapatam.  Lon.  77°  16'  E.  Lat.  12°  23'  N. 

Malasgherd,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  the  Morad. 
It  is  the  ancient  Maurocasirmn.  80  m.  S.  9.  E. 
Erzerum. 


432 


M  A  L 


M  A  L 


Malbay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  extend- 
ing from  Hog's  Head  to  Ballard's  Point. 

Malbayy  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into  the 
St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  nearly  opposite  to  the 
Camarouska  islands. 

Makhiru,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  22  m.  E.  Gustrow.     Pop.  2,500. 

Malchow,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  23  m.  S.  by  E.  Gustrow.     Pop.  1,000. 

Malcolm  Point,  a  low  sandy  point  on  the  S.  coast 
of  New  Holland.  Lon.  123°  42'  E.  Lat.  33" 
48'  S. 

Malda,  district,  Bengal,  on  the  N.  E.  side  of  the 
Ganges.  Malda,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  88°  4'  E. 
lat.  25°  3' N. 

Maldegem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  12 
m.  E.  Bruges.     Pop.  4,700. 

Maiden,  Up.  Canada.     See  Amherstburg. 

Maiden,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  4  m.  N.  Boston. 
It  is  connected  with  Charlestown  by  a  bridge  over 
Mystic  river.  Pop.  1,384.  Here  are  extensive 
dye  houses,  and  a  large  nail  factory. 

Maldives,  a  cluster  of  islands  formed  from  coral, 
in  the  Indian  ocean,  lying  between  the  equator 
and  the  8th  degree  of  N.  latitude,  and  between 
72°  and  74°  E.  lon.  These  islands  were  formerly 
much  frequented  by  trading  ships  from  India ;  but 
from  the  difficulties  experienced  in  procuring  a 
cargo  for  a  large  vessel,  and  the  dangerous  navi- 
gation, this  trade  has  been  given  up,  and  it  is  now 
carried  on  in  their  own  boats,  some  of  them  of  30 
tons  burden.  The  chief  produce  of  these  islands 
is  cocoa-nuts,  and  the  small  shells  called  cowrie, 
which  pass  as  coin  all  over  India. 

Maldon,  Maiden,  or  Maiden  Water,  ancient  bor- 
ough and  t.  Eng.  in  Essex  co.  on  the  estuary  of  the 
Blackwater.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
36  m.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  40'  E.  Lat.  51°  44'  N. 
Pop.  2,679. 

Maldonado,  t,  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  river  Plata,  near  its  mouth.  Lon.  55°  36'  W. 
Lat.  34°  50'  S. 

Male,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  and  principal  of 
those  called  the  Maldives,  Lon.  73°  10'  E.  Lat.  6° 
20'  N. 

Malea,  Cape,  or  Cape  St.  Angelo,  a  promontory 
on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea.  Lon.  23"  12'  E.  Lat. 
36°  27'  N. 

Maleca,  or  Melecca,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Candia.     Lon.  24°  4'  E.     Lat.  35"  32'  N. 

Maleensoonoo,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
S.  W.  coast  of  Palawan.     Lon.  1 17°  22'  E.  Lat.  8° 

UN. 

Maleepoethas,  one  of  the  Sooloo  islands,  in  the 
Eastern  seas,     Lon.  120"  18'  E.  Lat.  6°  3'  N. 

Malel.     See  Melli. 

Malemba,  s-p.  in  Loango,  W.  Africa.  It  is  on  a 
hill  400  feet  high,  overlooking  a  very  safe  bay, 
where  ships  may  anchor  at  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  from  the  town.  The  slaves  brought  to  this 
port  are  of  excellent  quality,  strong,  inured  both 
to  fatigue  and  subordination.  60  m.  S,  of  Lo- 
ango. 

Malenowitz,  t.  Moravia,  27  m.  S.  S.  E.  Olmutz. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Malesherbes,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  35  m.  N.  E. 
Orleans.     Pop.  1,000. 

Maletroit,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Vannes.    Pop.  1,800.       ,^^ 

Maleya,  t.  S.  coast  of  th^'island  of  Ternate.  Lon. 
12"14'E.  Lat.  8°  55' N. 

Malgara,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  100  m. 
W.  Constantinople.     Pop.  2,.500. 


Malgral,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  Uie  Mediter- 
ranean, 18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mataro.     Pop.  3,200. 

Malheureux  Islands,  small  islands,  in  lake  Borg- 
ne,  3  or  4  miles  from  the  coast  of  Mississippi. 

Maliana,  v.  Algiers,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tefessad. 

Malicorne,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  10  m.  N.  La 
Fleche.     Pop.  1,100. 

Malicoy,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  between  the 
Laccadive  and  Maldive  islands.  Lon.  72"  45'  E. 
Lat.  8°  20'  N, 

Malinalco,  t.  Mexico,  20  leagues  S.  E.  Mexico. 

Malinhead,  the  N.  point  of  Ireland,  23  m.  N. 
Londonderry.  Lon.  7°  15'  W.  Lat.  55°  23'  N. 

Mallawalle,  small  isl.  N.  of  Borneo.  Lon.  117" 
29'  E.  Lat.  7°  2'  N. 

Mallemort,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
25  E.  by  S.  Aries.     Pop.  1,800. 

Mallen,  (an.  Manlia)  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  33 
m.  W.  by  N.  Saragossa.     Pop.  2,400. 

Malle  ville,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  6  m,  N,  E. 
Villefranche.     Pop.  2,300. 

Mallicollo,  or  Manicola,  isl.  one  of  the  largest  of 
the  New  Hebrides,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  18 
leagues  long,  and  from  5  to  7  wide.  Lon.  167"  57' 
23"  E.  Lat.  16°  25' 20"  S. 

Mailing,  West,  or  Town  Mailing,  t.  Eng,  ia 
Kent,  29  m.  S.  E.  London.     Pop.  1,154. 

Mallison''s  Island,  isl.  off  the  N,  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  136°  8' E.  Lat.  12°  11|' S. 

Malloodoo,  bay,  Borneo.  Lon.  117°  2'  E.  Lat.  6° 
45'  N. 

Mallory''s  store,  p-v.  Wilkes  co.  Geo. 

Mallow,  t.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  on  the  Blackwa- 
ter, 32  m.  S.  Limerick,  and  14  N.  Cork.  Lon.  8° 
39' W.  Lat.  52"  8' N. 

Malluver,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  82"  50" 
E.  Lat.  20°  34' N. 

Malmedy,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  20  m.  S.  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Lon.  6°  E.  Lat. 
50°  28*  N.     Pop.  4,400. 

Malmesbury  Port,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  an 
island  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  225°  59'  E.  Lat.  56" 
17i'  N. 

Malmisch,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  river  Viatka. 
Lon.  50°  14'E.  Lat.  56"  44'  N. 

Malmo,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Sound.  It  is  one  of 
the  strongest  towns  of  the  kingdom.  18  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Copenhagen.  Lon.  13"  1'  19"  E.  Lat.  55"  36'  37" 
N.     Pop.  5,900. 

Malmohus-Lan,  or  Government  ofMalmohus,  one 
of  the  new  divisions  of  Sweden.  It  lies  along  the 
Sound  and  the  Baltic,  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the 
kingdom,  and  includes  a  great  part  of  the  an- 
cient Schonen  or  Scania.  Extent,  1,380  sq.  milea. 
Pop.  137,000. 

Malmsbury,  borough,  Eng.  23  m.  N.  E.  Bath, 
95  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  5'  W.  Lat.  51°  35'  N.  Pop. 
1,152. 

Malnore,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  belonging  to  the 
Seiks.   Lon,  75°  18'  E.  Lat.  30"  22'  N. 

Maloi-Jaroslawitz,  t.  Russia,  in  Kaluga.  Here 
a  sanguinary  action  took  place  between  the 
French  and  Russians  in  October  1812.  Lon.  36' 
14'  E.  Lat.  55°  N.     Pop.  1,650. 

Malone,  hrmevl-v  Ezraville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Frank- 
lin CO.  N.  y.  42  m."  W.  Plattsburg,  220  N.  Albany. 
Pop.  767.     The  village  stands  on  Salmon  river. 

Malouca,  v.  Syria,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Malpartida,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  2  m.  S.  E. 
Plasencia.     Pop.  1,300. 

Malpas,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  2  m.  from  Whit- 
church. Lon.  2°  45'  W.  Lat.  53°  1'  N. 

Malplaquet.  v.  France,  dep  of  the  North.    Pop. 


M  A  L 

1,100.  It  is  famous  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the 
most  sanguinary  battles  recorded  in  history,  fought 
on  the  1 1th  September  1709,  between  the  French, 
under  marshal  Villars,  and  the  allies,  commanded 
by  the  duke  of  Marlborough  and  prince  Eugene. 
9  m.  S.  Mons. 

Malpoorah,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  45'  E. 
Lat.  31"  26'  N. 

Malsch,  t.  Baden,  13  m.  E.  by  S.  Spire.  Fop. 
1,900. 

Mahen,  or  Malsesina,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  18  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Verona. 

Malstrom,  or  Moskoe-slrom,  a  violent  whirlpool 
on  the  coast  of  Norway,  near  the  island  of  Mos- 
koe.  It  is  dangerous  to  shipping,  except  during  a 
short  time  at  high  and  low  water,  but  it  is  most 
terrific  when  the  N.  W.  wind  blows  in  opposition 
to  the  tide.  It  then  forms  an  immense  whirlpool, 
which  draws  to  its  centre  and  swallows  up  the 
boats  and  fish  that  approach  it,  while  its  roaring 
noise  is  heard  at  a  distance  of  several  miles.  At 
these  times,  ships  have  been  known  to  be  attracted 
to  it  from  a  distance  of  5  or  6  English  miles.  Lon. 
10°  40'  E.  Lat.  68°  8'  N. 

Malta,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  20  miles  long, 
12  broad,  and  60  in  circumference;  its  distance 
from  Sicily  about  50.  Its  coast  is  in  general  steep 
and  rugged,  the  only  good  harboi-s  being  those  of 
Marza  and  Marza  Murzet,  which  are  separated 
by  the  peninsula  on  which  La  Valetta,  the  chief 
town,  is  situated.  The  two  small  islands  of  Gozzo 
and  Cerrino  belong  to  Malta,  being  separated 
from  it  only  by  a  narrow  channel.  Extent  of  the 
three  islands,  170  sq.  miles.  Pop.  90,000,  of  whom 
above  75,0(H)  are  in  Malta,  which  is  thus  one  of 
the  most  populous  spot?  on  the  globe.  The  soil  is 
formed  of  a  reddish  loamy  mould,  lying  on  a  basis 
of  rock,  and  seldom  exceeding  from  10  to  16  inch- 
es in  depth.  Every  spot  is  cultivated  with  the 
greatest  care ;  and  soil,  when  deficient,  is  sup- 
plied in  ship  loads  from  Sicily.  Most  of  the  pro- 
ductions, both  of  Europe  and  the  tropical  cli- 
mates, which  have  been  tried  here,  have  succeed- 
ed. From  1530  to  1798,  Malta  was  in  posses- 
sion of  the  knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  who 
highly  distinguished  themselves  by  their  resist- 
ance to  the  Turks.  In  1798,  the  French  expedi- 
tion to  Egypt,  commanded  by  Bonaparte,  took  the 
island  without  resistance.  In  1800,  it  was  taken 
by  the  British,  and  was  confirmed  to  them  by  the 
treaty  of  Paris  in  1814.  The  Maltese  have  re- 
tained the  greatest  part  of  their  ancient  rights 
and  usages.  In  no  fortress  in  Europe  are  the  de- 
fences more  imposing.  In  Gibraltar  admiration 
is  excited  by  the  work  of  nature  ;  in  Malta,  by 
the  work  of  art.  To  garrison  the  latter  com- 
pletely, would  require  above  30,000  men.  The 
religion  of  the  Maltese  is  Roman  Catholic.  The 
Church  Missionary  Society  occupy  the  island  as 
one  of  their  stations,  and  employ  two  missiona- 
ries here.     Lon.  14°  12'  E.  Lat.  35°  50'^N. 

Malta,  t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  8  m.  E.  Augusta. 
Pop.  468. 

Malta,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  ^fc.W.  Saratoga 

court-house,  2.5  N.  Albany.     Pop.  1,438.     It  has  2 

churches,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

Malta.     See  Lorraine,  N.  Y. 

Maltepec,  t.  Mexico,  60  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mechoacan. 

Malterdingen,  t,  Baden,   11  m.  N.  by  W.  Frey- 

burg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Malton,  borough  and  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  fii 

Derwent.    It  consists  of  two  towns,  Old  and 

MaltoR,    Pop.  of  Old  Maltop  961  •  of  New 

55 


M  A  N 


433 


If 


Malton  3,713.     18  m.  N.  E.  York,  212  N.by  W. 
London.     Lon.  0°  47'  W.  Lat.  54°  8'  N. 

Maltown,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  78°  46' 
E.  Lat.  24"  19'  N. 

Malvern,  v.  Eng.  8  m.  fr.  Worcester. 

Malutaya,  small  isl.  in  the  sea  of  Mindoro.  Lon, 
120°  52' E.  Lat.  11°  12' N. 

Malicah,  province.  Hind,  between  22°  and  23° 
N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Ajmeer  and  Agra,  E.  by 
Allahabad  and  Gundwaneh,  S.  by  Khandeish  and 
Berar,  and  W.  by  Ajmeer  andGujerat;  it  is  250 
miles  long,  and  150  broad.  Till  very  recently,  the 
whole  oi  this  territory  was  in  the  occupation  of 
the  Mahrattas.  The  soil  is  in  general  a  fine  black 
mould,  which  produces  cotton,  opium,  sugar,  in- 
digo, tobacco,  and  all  the  various  grains  of  India. 

Mahcally,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  115° 
20'  E.  Lat.  7"  N. 

Malwan,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  73°  20' 
E.  Lat.  16°  4'  N. 

Malzieu,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  5  m.  N.  N.  E. 
St.  Chely.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mamadysz,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Viatka,  92  m, 
E.  Kasan!     Lon.  50°  11'  E.  Lat.  56°  16' N. 

Mamak,  s-p.  Abascia,  on  the  Black  sea,  110  m. 
W.  Isgaur. 

Mamakating,  p-t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  23^  m.  fr 
Newberg.  Pop.  1,865.  It  contains  2  churches,  1 
for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The 
village  of  Bloom  ingburg,  in  this  town,  is  on  Shaw- 
angunck  creek,  on  the  Newberg  turnpike. 

Mamakatun,  v.  Armenia,  on  the  Euphrates,  12 
m.  N.  Erzerum. 

Mamaroneck,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  23  m.  N.  E.  New  York.  Pop.  496. 
Its  harbor  admits  vessels  of  100  tons. 

Mamas,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  sea,  at  Co- 
piapo. 

Mamers,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  23  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  5,500. 

Mammoulh  Care.     See  Kentxicky. 

Mamora,  or  Maheduma,  s-p.  Morocco,  25  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Sallee. 

Mamore,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Madera  on 
the  W.  side,  in  lat.  1 1"  55'  S. 

Mampava,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon. 
109°  10' E.  Lat  0"21'N. 

Mamre,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  name  of  a  place  in 
Palestine,  near  Hebron. 

Mam  Tor,  mt.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  near  Cas- 
tleton. 

Man,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  New 
Britain  and  New  Ireland,  50  m.  in  circumference. 
Lon.  151°  25' E.  Lat.  4°  S. 

Man,  Isle  of,  isl.  in  the  Irisli  sea,  nearly  equi- 
distant from  the  coasts  of  England,  Scotland,  and 
Ireland.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and  70  in  cir- 
cumference, and  contains  220  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
30,000.  The  interior  and  central  part  of  the  isl- 
and is  mountainous.  The  soil  of  the  Isle  of  Man 
is  naturally  poor,  but  is  every  where  greatly  fer- 
tilized by  the  abundance  of  sea-weed  which  is 
cast  ashore  and  used  as  manure.  Agriculture  has 
of  late  years  made  great  progress  here.  Barley 
is  raised  in  great  quantities,  and  oats  are  also  cul- 
tivated. Large  crops  of  wheat  are  now  raised, 
of  the  cleanest  and  best  quality.  Great  quanti- 
ties of  turnips  and  potatoes  are  also  raised.  Cat- 
tle are  annually  fattened  for  exportation. — The 
island  is  now  subject  to  the  king  of  England,  as 
land  proprietor,  and  is  ruled  by  a  governor,  a 
CQuacil  of  public  affairs,  and  the  house  of  key^, 
the  representatives  of  thn  people.      The  whole 


434 


M  A  N 


island  contains  17  parishes  or  kirks,  and  is  under 
the  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop,  who  is 
styled  bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man.  As  tlie  inhabi- 
tants are  exempt  from  the  taxes  which  prevail  in 
the  mother  country,  living  is  comparatively  cheap. 
The  port  of  Douglas  is  60  m.  S.  E.  by  S.  Liver- 
pool. 

Man  of  War  Keys,  small  islands  in  the  Spanish 
Main,  near  the  Mosquito  shore.  Lon.  88"  35'  VV. 
Lat.  12"  55'  N. 

Manaar,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ceylon ; 
jt  is  also  the  name  of  the  gulf  that  separates  Hin- 
dostan  from  Ceylon,  which  is  only  navigable  by 
small  vessels.     Lon.  79"  58'  E.  Lat.  9"  6'  N. 

Mannbacca,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
131"  45' E.  Lat.  3"  59' S. 

Manado,  with  Fort  Amsterdam,  the  northern- 
most of  tlie  Dutch  settlements  on  the  island  of 
Celebes.  The  bay  and  town  are  in  lon.  124"  32'  E. 
lat.  1"  28'  N. 

Ma7iah,  i.  northern  Hind,  in  Serinagur.  Lon. 
79"40'E.  Lat.  32"  20' N. 

Manapar,  t.  India,  in  Tinnevelly,  on  the  gulf  of 
Manaar,  opposite  the  island  of  Ceylon.  Lon.  78" 
17' E.  Lat.  8"  39' N. 

Manapar,  t.  India,  in  Tanjore.  Lon.  78"  30'  E. 
Lat.  16"  39'  N. 

Manapira,  r.  Venezuela,  which  enters  the  Ori- 
noco, near  the  confluence  of  the  Apure. 

Manure,  t.  New  Granada,  138  m.  N.  E.  Santa 
Fe.     Lon.  72°  14'  W.  Lat.  5°  46'  N. 

Manassey  gap,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Manaswary,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  134"  40'  E.  Lat. 
0"  54'  N. 

Manatoulin  Islands,  Up.  Canada,  extending 
from  the  W.  side  of  lake  Huron  in  an  E.  direc- 
tion 160  miles.  Many  of  them  are  from  20  to  30 
miles  long. 

Manbona,  s-p.  Sofala,  in  E.  Africa,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  channel  of  Mosambique. 

Manby  Poinl,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, forming  the  W.  point  at  the  entrance  of  Beh- 
ring's  bay.     Lon.  219"  17'  E.  Lat.  59 "  47'  N. 

Mancenilla,  bay,  on  the  N,  side  of  St.  Domingo. 
Lon.  7 1"  50'  W.  Lat.  1 9"  50'  N. 

Manrhac,  t.  Louisiana,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi,  20  m.  below  Baton  llouge. 

Manckac  'Bayou.    See  Ibbcrville. 

Mancha,  La,  province,  in  the  central  part  of 
Spain,  forming  the  soulliern  part  of  New  Castile. 
Area,  8,000  sq.  miles.  Fop.  206,0(X>.  This  prov- 
ince is  almost  entirely  surrounded  by  mountains. 
The  interior  consis-t?  almost  entirely  of  a  dead  flat, 
without  trees,  shelter,  or  water. 

Mancha  Real,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  7  m.  E. 
Jaen.     Pop.  4,000. 

Manche,  La,  or  The  Channel,  department  in  the 
N.  W.  of  France,  bounded  on  the  W.  and  N.  by 
the  English  channel,  S.  E.  by  Calvados,  S.  bv  Hie 
andVilaine.  Extent,  2,500 sq.  miles.  Pop.  583,500. 
St.  Lo  is  tlie  capital. 

Manchester,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  the  great 
centre  of  the  cotton  trade,  the  greatest  manufac- 
turing town  in  the  kingdom,  and,  except  Loiidon 
and  Liverpool,  the  largest  in  population,  industry 
and  wealth.  It  is  on  the  Irwell,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Irk  and  the  Medlock.  The  streets  are  well 
paved.  In  the  '(vh.iter  they  are  brilliantly  lighted 
with  gas,  and  nearly  all  the  foot  paths  arc  laid 
•with  flags.  The  public  buildings  are  numerous, 
handscme.,  and  many  of  them  elegant.     No  town 


M  A  N 

in  England  is  more  distinguished  for  the  number 
of  its  charitable  institutions.  The  seminaries  of 
education  are  also  numerous ;  and  a  liberal  spirit 
is  diffused  in  the  town  for  the  promotion  of  knowl- 
edge, literature,  and  science.  Manchester  is  sup- 
ported, and  has  risen  to  its  present  consequence, 
entirely  by  its  manufactures,  and  the  various 
trades  growing  out  of  them.  Of  these  manufac- 
tures, by  far  the  principal,  and  the  source  of  most 
of  the  rest,  is  that  of  cotton.  The  greater  part  of 
the  cotton  trade  of  Great  Britain,  which,  besides 
its  own  consumption,  supplies  that  of  all  Europe, 
America  and  the  West  Indies,  centres  in  Manches- 
ter, extending  around  it  in  all  directions  to  Fur- 
ness  and  Derby  on  the  N.  and  S.  and  to  Leeds  and 
Liverpool  on  the  E.  and  W.  The  various  branch- 
es of  the  manufacture  are  carried  on  more  or  less 
through  all  this  district ;  but  by  far  the  most  ex- 
tensive, especially  the  spinning,  in  Manchester.. 
Manchester  is,  besides,  the  centre  from  which  the 
raw  material  is  distributed  to  all  parts  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  into  which  the  scattered  merchandize  is 
again  collected,  when  finished,  to  be  sent  to  Hull, 
Liverpool  and  London,  and  thence  all  over  the 
world. 

The  principal  articles  manufactured  at  Man- 
chester at  present  are  velvets,  fustians,  dimitties, 
calicoes,  checks,  tickings,  jeans,  shirtings,  ging- 
hams, quillings,  handkerchiefs,  nankeens,  diapers, 
muslinets,  muslins,  cambrics,  and  almost  every 
kind  of  fancy  cotton,  and  cotton  and  silk  goods. 
The  Spinning  trade  is  becoming  every  year  more 
extensive,  and  considerable  quantities  of  yarn  are 
annually  exported.  The  spinning  is  almost  en- 
tirely performed  by  means  of  machinery,  aided  by 
a  number  of  boys  and  girls.  In  1818,  several  new- 
factories  were  built  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  at 
present  the  whole  number  of  spinning-mills  and 
factories  in  the  town  amounts  to  about  60.  The 
weaving  is  also  carried  on  to  a  great  extent ;  and 
tlie  invention  of  power  looms,  or  looms  worked  by 
machinery,  has  been  recently  introduced,  and  has 
extended  considerably.  Various  other  operations 
are  performed  by  machinery,  and  nearly  the  whole 
of  these  machines  are  now  wrought  by  the  steam 
engine.  The  erection  and  keeping  up  of  this  va- 
rious and  complicated  machinery  has  give  rise  to 
great  iron  foundries.  Besides  the  weaving  and 
spinning,  the  printing,  dyeing  and  bleaching  bu- 
siness are  carried  on  to  a  very  great  extent  in  and 
around  Manchester. 

The  principal  cause  which  has  rendered  Man- 
chester a  great  emporium  of  manufactures,  is  the 
natural  situation  of  the  place,  on  the  banks  of  a 
navigable  river,  in  the  midst  of  inexhaustible 
fields  of  coal,  near  the  centre  of  the  kingdom,  and 
capable  qf  having  its  external  and  internal  com- 
munication greatly  improved  by  art.  By  mean? 
of  canals,  Manchester  enjoys  a  communication  by 
water  both  with  the  eastern  and  western  seas, 
being  situated  directly  in  the  line  of  navigation 
which  here  extends  across  the  island  from  shore 
to  shore  ;  whik  it  is  equally  open  to  the  north  and 
south  by  various  branches  from  the  main  trunk. 
Although  one  of  the  largest  tov/ns  in  the  kingdom, 
Manchester  sends  no  member  to  Parliament. 
Pop.  in  1757,  19,800;  in  1773,  42,900;  1788, 
50,000;  1791,70,000;  1811,98,000;  andatpres- 
ent  estimated  at  111,000. 

Manchester,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  10  leagues  N.  W. 
(^pe  Can^o. 

MantJiester,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  21  m.  N 


IM  A  N 

Bennington.    Pop.  1,502.    The  courts  of  the  coun- 
ty are  held  alternately  here  and  at  Bennington. 

Manchester,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Merrimack,  18  m.  S.  Concord,  42  W. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  615.  A  bridge  is  thrown  across 
the  river  at  this  place.  Here  also  is  Blodget's 
canal,  round  Amoskeag  falls. 

Manchester,  p-t  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  coast,  8 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Salem,  30  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  1,137. 
The  inhabitants  are  extensively  engaged  in  the 
fisheries. 

Manchester,  p-v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  falls  of 
tlie  Niagara,  20  m.  N.  Buffalo,  7^  S.  Lewistown. 
Here  are  extensive  and  valuable  mills,   and  a 
bridge,  ingeniously  constructed,  just  above  the 
falls,  connecting  Goat  island  with  Manchester. 
Manchester,  p-v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
Manchester,  p-v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
Manchester,  t.  York  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,579. 
Manchester,  West,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  987. 
Manchester,  p-t.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  33  m.  from 
Baltimore,  45  fr.  Carlisle. 

Manchester,  p-t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on  Jame;3 
river,  opposite  Richmond,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  bridges. 
Manchester,  p-t.  Sumter  district,  S.  C. 
Manchester,  p-t.  Clay  co.  Ken. 
Manchester,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river^^ 
8  m.  S.  West-Union. 

Manchester  House,  one  of  the  Hudson  bay  com- 
pany's factories,  N.  America,  on  the  Saskatcha- 
wine,  100  m.  W.  Hudson's  House,  75  S.  E.  Buck- 
ingham House.  Lon.  109"  20'  W.  Lat.  53"  14' 
18"  N. 

Mancilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  U  m.  S.  S,  E.  Leon. 
Fop.  2,500. 

Mancote,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lou.  T  28'  E, 
Lat.  32"  44'  N. 

Manda,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca,  near  the 
coast  of  Sumatra.     Lon.  103"  2'  E.   Lat.  0"  28'  N. 
Mandado,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Cele- 
bes.    Lon.  124"  21  E.    Lat.  1"  18'  N. 

Mandal,  s-p.  Norway,  on  the  North  sea,  19  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Christiansand.  Lon.  7"  28'  45''  E.  Lat, 
58"  0'  42"  N. 

Mandalig  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  N. 
coasts  of  Java.     Lon.  1 10"  56' E.    Lat.  6"  27' S. 

Mandan,  Indian  village,  on  Missouri  river,  1,600 
miles  from  the  Mississippi.  Lon.  100"  50' W.  Lat. 
47°  20'  N.  Here  Lewis  and  Clark  encamped 
during  the  winter  of  1804-5,  on  their  voyage  up 
the  Missouri.  This  place  has  been  selected  by  the 
government  of  the  U.  S.  for  a  military  post,  and  it 
is  well  situated  to  prevent  the  Hudson  bay  compa- 
ny from  extending  their  trade  towards. the  head 
waters  of  the  Missouri,  and  along  the  Rocky 
mountains,  within  our  territory;  which  tract  of 
country  is  said  to  have  fur  of  a  better  quality,  and 
in  greater  abundance,  than  any  other  portion  of 
North  America.  This  post  is  only  150  miles  S.  of 
the  establishment  of  the  Hudson  bay  company,  on 
Assiniboin  river,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  a 
good  road. 

Mandar,  a  district  of  Celebes,  on  the  west  and 
north  coast. 

Mandaree,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Cutch,  on  the  Indian 
ocean.     Lon.  69"  34' E.    Lat.  22"  50' N. 

Mandawee  Islands,  small   islands  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  1 13"  30'  E.    Lat.  3"  20'  S. 
Mandelique.     See  Mandalig. 
Mandeo,  r.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  which  runs  into 
tbe.bay  oj  Ferrol,  oppo.;ite  Coriinna. 


MAN 


4SS 


Mandinga,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Quito.  Lat.  2"- 
38'30"S. 

Mandingo,  or  Manding,  a  mountainous  territory 
in  Central  Africa,  bounded  E.  by  Bambarra,  N. 
by  Fooladoo,  S.  and  W.  by  Gadou  and  Jallonka- 
doo.  The  whole  region  is  watered  by  the  Niger 
in  its  early  course.  The  Mandingoes  have  spread 
themselves  through  all  the  countries  on  the  banks 
of  the  Niger,  the  Senegal,  and,  above  all,  of  the 
Gambia,  and  have  become  the  most  numerous  of 
all  the  races  in  West  Africa.  They  are  a  very 
gentle  race,  cheerful  in  their  dispositions,  inquisi- 
tive, credulous,  simple,  and  fond  of  flattery.  Their 
chief  defect  appears  to  be  an  insurmountable  pro 
pensity  to  theft.  The  Mandingo  language  is  more 
copious,  more  refined  and  polite  in  its  phraseology, 
than  tliat  which  is  spoken  by  the  other  negro 
tribes.  It  is  the  language  of  commerce,  being  un- 
derstood, with  few  exceptions,  through  all  West 
Africa.  Almost  every  district,  indeed,  is  traversed 
by  troops  of  Mandingo  merchants,  resembling  ix\ 
their  habits  and  manners  the  Arabic  caravan  tra- 
ders. 

Mandioly,  one  of  the  G  ilolojslands,  20  miles 
long,  by  4  broad.  The  equinoctial  line  crosses 
the  island  near  the  centre.     Lon.  124°  E. 

Mandoe,  Old  and  JVeu<,  two  small  islands  of  Den- 
mark, on  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswick.  Lon.  8°  32' 
E.    Lat.  55"  10'  N. 

Mandow,  or  Mundu,  district.  Hind,  in  Malwah^ 
between  22°  and  23"  N.  lat.  Mandow  or  Mundu, 
the  capital,  and  formerly  the  capital  of  an  Afghan 
dynasty,  is  a  fortified  town,  25  m.  S.  of  Oujein. 

Mandowee,  t.  Hind,  in  Laliore.  Lon.  75°  48'  E. 
Lat.  32°  54' N. 

Mandowee,  t.  Hind,  ni  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  25' 
E.    Lat.  21°  13'  N. 

Manduria,  formerly  called  Casale  JVuovo,  t.  Na- 
ples, in  the  Basilicata,  6  m.  N.  E.  Cassano.  Pop. 
4,000, 

Manedorf,  v.  Switz.  on  the  lake  of  Zurich,  10 
«i.  S.  by  E.  Zurich.     Pop.  2,100. 

Manerbio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  \-2 
m.  S.  Brescia.    Pop.  3,300. 

Manes,  Cape  Los,  c:ape  on  the  coast  of  Darien. 
Lon.  79"  58'  W.    Lat.  9"  28'  N. 
Manfalont.     See  Monfalont. 
Manfredonia,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  110 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Naples.     Pop.  5,000. 

Mang,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Castlemain 
harbour,  8  m.  S.  Tralee. 

Mangallooru,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  115"  36' E.    Lat.  6"  9' N, 

Mangalorc,  called  also  Courial  Bunder,  seaport 
and  fortress.  Hind,  in  Canara.  It  is  now  in  pos- 
session of  the  British,  and  is  the  station  of  the 
judge,  collector.  Sic.  of  South  Canara.  Lon.  75" 
E.    Lat.  12°  49'  N. 

Mangan  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon. 
63"40'W.    Lat.  50"  15' N. 

Mangapet,  t.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad,  on  the  Goda- 
very.     Lon.  81°  5'  E.    Lat.  18"  14'  N. 

Mangee,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  at  tlie  confluence  of 
the  Gogra  with  the  Ganges.  I^on.  84°  35'  E.  Lat. 
25°  50'  N. 

Marigeea,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  15 
miles  in  circuit.    .  Lon.  201"  53'  E.    Lat.  21"  57'  S, 

Mangeray  Strait,  channel  of  the  Eastern  seas,    ; 
which  separates  the  island  of  Floris,  or  Ende,  from 
that  of  Comobo. 

Manglares,  or  Corn  Island,  isl.  in  the  Spatiish 
Mrin,     I.on.  S9°  20' W.    I.nt,  n°45' N, 


43^ 


M  A  K 


MAN 


Manglieu,  t  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  8  m.  E. 
Issoire.     Pop.  1,300. 

Manguir,  t.  Caramania,  in  Asia  Minor,  70  m. 
W.  Caesarea. 

Manhattan,  the  ancient  name  of  JVei^j-Forifc  wi- 
and. 

Manhattanville,  v.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Hudson,  9  m.  above  the  city  of  New- York. 

Manheim,  or  Mannheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Neckar  and  the  Rhine. 
It  is  one  of  the  finest  towns  in  Germany.  The 
streets  are  wide,  straight,  well  paved,  and  the 
houses  uniform  and  elegant.  The  palace  belong- 
ing to  the  grand  duke,  contains  a  gallery  of  paint- 
ings, cabinets  of  antiquities  and  natural  history, 
and  a  library  with  60,000  volumes.  34  m.  N. 
Carlsrhue,  and  36  S.  by  W.  Mentz.  Lon.  8°  28' 
E.    Lat.  49°  29'  18 "  N.     Pop.  18,200. 

Manheim,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Mohawk,  25  m.  W.  Johnstown,  60  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  1,444. 

Manheim,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,354. 
Manheim,  t.  York  co.  Pa.    Pop.  2,207. 
Manheim,  p-t.  liancaster  co.  Pa.  11  m.  by  W. 
Lancaster,  77  W.  Philadelphia.     P)p.  1,282. 

Maniana,  country,  Central  Africa,  S.  E.  of 
Bambarra,  on  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Niger. 

Manita,  a  district  of  jMocaranga,  in  E.  Africa,  the 
chiet  mart  of  the  gold  which  is  exported  from  that 
part  of  Africa.  Lon.  28°  E.  Lat  20"  20'  S. 
Manickdurg,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lat.  19°  59'  N. 
Manickpatam,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  on  the  sea  side, 
12  m.  S.  W,  Juggernauth.  Lon.  85"  36'  E.  Lat. 
19°  41'  N. 

Manickpore,  district,  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Ma- 
nickpore,  the  capital,  is  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  the 
Ganges.     Lon.  81°  25'  E.    Lat.  25°  47'  N. 

Manicougan,  or  Black  River,  r.  Lower  Canada, 
whicli  runs  S.  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence, 
near  Manicougan  point. 

Manicougan  Point,  cape,  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  67° 
50' W.    Lat.  49°  12' N. 

Manien,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat. 
45°  S. 

Manifold,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  shore  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  150°  50'  E.  Lat.  22°  42'  S. 
..;  Manilla,  t.  in  the  isl.  of  Lucon,  and  cap.  of  the 
1.  Spanish  settlements  in  the  Philippines,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pasig.  Pop. 
38,000,  of  whom  1,000  or  1,200  are  Spaniards,  and 
the  rest  mulattoes,  Indians  or  Chinese.  Manilla, 
though  regularly  fortified,  could  not  be  defended 
against  an  European  force.  From  its  advanta- 
geous position  in  relation  to  India,  China  and  Ame- 
rica, Manilla  might,  under  a  liberal  and  wise  gov- 
ernment, rise  into  great  importance  as  an  empo- 
rium of  commerce.  But,  under  Spanish  policy, 
its  trade  has  been  repressed  by  the  most  harassing 
and  absurd  restrictions.  The  chief  exports  are 
cordage,  resinous  substances,  pitch  and  tar,  cloths, 
rushes,  rattans,  indigo  of  an  excellent  quahty, 
rice  and  cotton.  Three  leagues  S.  W.  from  Ma- 
nilla lies  the  port  of  Cavite,  at  which  large  ships 
generally  unload.  In  1772,  Manilla  was  taken  by 
the  English;  and  to  save  it  from  destruction,  it 
agreed  to  pay  a  million  sterling  for  its  ransom. 
jv  Lon.  120"  54' E.  Lat.  14°  38' N. 
•,  Manilla  Isla7ids.     See  Lucon;  and  Philippine 

i.     Islands. 

(>,         Manipa,  one  of  the  smaller  Molucca  isles.  Lon. 
W°bl'E.    Lat.  3°  21' N. 


Manitou,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  N* 
side  of  the  river  Missouri,  not  far  below  Franklin. 
Manitou,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 
Manitou,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 
Manitouivank,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  ri- 
ses near  Lake  Winnebago,  and  after  a  course  of  60 
or  70  miles,  falls  into  Lake  Michigan. 

Manjea,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  Lon.  83°  E.  Lat. 
24°20''N. 

Mankap,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  S. 
W.  extremity  of  Borneo.  Lon.  102°  57'  E.  Lat. 
3°S. 

Mankiam  Isle,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lon.  127°  30'  E.  Lat.  0" 
20°  N. 

Manlius,  p-t.  Ononds^o  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie 
canal,  lb  m.  E.  Onondago,  137  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
3,127.  The  village  of  Manlius  contains  about 
100  houses,  and  an  Episcopal  church.  A  news- 
paper is  published  here.  In  Limestone  creek  in 
this  town,  there  is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  100 
feet. 

Manna,  t.  Jallonkadoo,  W.  Africa,  near  the  Sen- 
egal.    Lon.  8°  50'  W.  Lat.  12°  20'  N. 

Mannersdorf,  t  Austria,  20  m.  S.  E.  Vienna. 
Poj).  1,000. 

Mannhartsberg,  a  mountain  chain  in  Austria, 
extending  from  N.  to  S.  beginning  at  the  frontier 
of  Moravia,  and  terminating  at  the  Danube. 

Manningbay,  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
1  and.     Lon.  10°  5'  W.  Lat.  53°  28'  N. 

Manningham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorlcshire,  2  m.  N.  W. 
Bradford.     Pop.  1,596. 

Mannington,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.    Pop.  1,644. 
Manningtree,   t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the   river 
Stour,  navigable  from  this  town  to  Sudbury.     1  li 
m.  from  Harwich,  61  from  London.     Lon.  1°  3'  E. 
Lat.  51°  56' N.     Pop.  1,075. 

Manon,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi. 

Manor,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,642. 
Manor  Hamilton,  v.  Ireland,  in  Leitrim,  13  m. 
E.  Sligo,  17  W.  Enniskillen, 

Manos,  cluster  of  small  islands,  in  the  Spanish 
Main.     Lon.  78°  40'  \V.  Lat.  9"  17'  N. 

Manosque,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  490  m.  S. 
by  E.  Paris.     Pop.  5,400. 

ManouMvan,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Waygoo.  Lon.  131°  10'  E.  Lat.  0° 
6'N. 

Manowly,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  75°  10'  E. 
Lat,  15°58'N. 

Manques  Secas,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Brazil.     Lon.  44°  50'  W.  Lat.  2"  25'  S. 

Manques  Verdes,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Brazil.     Lon.  44°  46'  W.  Lat.  2°  25'  S. 

Manresa,  Minorosa,  or  Manxes,  t.  Spain,  in  Cat- 
alonia, 29  m.  N.  N.  W.  Barcelona.    Pop.  9,000. 

Mans,Le,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Sarthe,  near  the 
river  Sarthe.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  sail- 
cloth, flannel,  sei^e,  druggets,  and  wax  candles. 
20  m.  S.  Alencon,  75  W.  by  N.  Orleans.  Lon.  0° 
1 1'  35"  E.  Lat.  48°  0'  30"  N.     Pop.  1 8,500. 

Mansarowar,  properly  Manas-sarowar,  a  lake  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Himmaleh  mountains,  50  miles 
in  circumference,  formerly  supposed  to  be  the 
source  of  the  river  Ganges.  It  is  situated  about 
31°  N.  lat.  and  81°  E.  lon. 

Memsfeld,  a  district  of  Saxony,  W.  of  Leipsic. 
It  was  formerly  a  country  of  the  German  em- 
pire, and  depended  in  a  certain  extent,  as  a  fief,  oh 


MAN 

jVIagdeburg  and  Saxony.  Area,  420  square  miles. 
Pop.  60,000. 

Mans/eld,  or  Thai  Mans/eld,  t.  Prussian  Saxony, 
42  m.  W.  N.  W.  Leipsic.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mansfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottingham  co.  on  the 
Maun.  Here  are  8  cotton  mills,  on  a  very  large 
scale ;  also  700  frames  for  stockings  and  gloves, 
both  silk  smd  cotton ;  and  3  iron  foundries  for  light 
castings.  14  m.  N.  Nottingham,  138  N.  W.  Lon- 
don. Lon.  1°  1 2'  W.  Lat.  53"  8'  N.  Pop.  in  18 1 1 , 
6,816;  now  8,000. 

Mansfield,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt,  20  m.  N.  Bur- 
lington. Pop.  38.  Mansfield  mountain,  one  of 
the  loftiest  of  the  Green  Mountains,  lies  chiefly  in 
this  town. 

Mansfield,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  Taun- 
ton, 30  S.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,030. 

Mansfield,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  28  m.  E.  Hart- 
ford. Pop.  2,570.  It  contains  5  houses  of  public 
worship. 

Mansfield,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 

Mansfield,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Muscone- 
cunk,  7  m.  S.  E.  Oxford. 

Mansfield,  t  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  8  ra.  W.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  1,810. 

Mansfield,  p-v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

Mansfield,  p-t,  and  cap.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  73 
m.  N.  E.  Columbus,  53  from  Wooster. 

Mansfield  Island,  isl.  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  80" 
40'  W.  Lat.  62"  5'  N. 

Mansilla,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  10  m.  S.  E.  Leon. 
Pop.     ,000. 

Mansir,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  74°  20'  E. 
Lat.  32"  50'  N. 

Mansle,  t.  France,  on  the  Charente,  14  m.  N. 
Angouleme.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mansoura,  t  Lower  Egypt,  built  by  the  Sara- 
cens as  a  bulwark  against  the  Christians.  The 
trade  is  chiefly  carried  on  by  Syrian  Christians, 
who  export  the  fine  rice  growing  round  Lake 
Menzaleh,  and  sal  ammoniac.  24  m.  S.  S.  W.  Da- 
mietta. 

Mansourah,  r.  Algiers,  (an.  Sisaris,)  which  falls 
into  the  sea,  about  18  m.  E.  Boujeiah. 

Mamsouria,  t.  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates,  about 
20  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Tigris. 

Mania,  t.Quito,  88  m.  from  Guayaquil.  Lon.  80° 
26' W.  Lat.0"58'S. 

Mania,  Bay  of,  on  the  W.  coast  of  S.  America, 
20  m.  S.  of  the  equator,  formerly  famous  for  the 
pearl-fishery. 

Mantanane,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lon.  1 1 6"  27'  E.  Lat.  6°  38'  N. 

Mantelan,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  16  m. 
S.  Tours. 

Mantes,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  on  the 
Seine,  31  m.  W.  N.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  4,300. 

Mantilly,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  9  m.  S.  W.  Dom- 
front.     Pop.  2,300. 

Mantinera,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  Naples.  Lon.  13"  62'  E.  Lat.  39"  55'  N. 
j    Mantincea.    See  Trapoliza. 

Mantua,  a  province  of  Austrian  Italy,  contigu- 
ous to  the  duchies  of  Parma  and  Modena.  Extent, 
880  square  miles.  Pop.  214,000.  The  surface  is 
in  general  level .  It  is  watered  by  the  Po,  the  Og- 
lio,  the  Mincio,  the  Sechio,  and  a  number  of  smal- 
ler streams.  The  soil  is  of  great  fertility,  except 
in  some  marshy  tracts. 

Mantua,  city,  Austrian  Italy,  cap.  of  the  prov- 
ince of  the  same  name,  on  islands  formed  by  the 


MA  R 


437 


Mincio.  It  is  both  by  nature  and  art,  one  of  the 
strongest  places  in  Europe.  Most  of  the  streets 
are  broad,  regular,  and  well  paved  ;  the  houses  of 
stone,  and  in  general  well  built ;  and  the  public 
squares  are  spacious  and  elegant.  In  the  centre 
of  one  of  the  squares  stands  Virgil's  monument,  a 
column  of  marble,  resting  on  a  pedestal  of  the 
same  material,  with  a  bronze  statue  of  the  poet  at 
the  top.  The  principal  public  edifice  is  the  ca- 
thedral, a  beautiful  building,  surmounted  by  a  fine 
dome.  Mantua  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  founded 
in  1725.  The  population  and  manufactures  have 
greatly  declined  since  the  end  of  the  17th  century. 
In  1796  and  1799,  both  were  much  reduced  by 
dreadful  sieges.  In  1780,  the  population  was  near- 
ly 30,000,  At  present  it  does  not  exceed  23,000  ; 
of  these  between  4,000  and  5,000  are  Jews.  70  m- 
W.  S.  W.  Venice,  70  E.  S.  E.  Milan.  Lon.  10° 
46'  E.  Lat.  45°  8'  N. 

Mantua,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  Cuyahoga 
river,  10  m.  N.  Ravenna.     Pop.  in  1815,  600, 

ManueVsfort,  Missouri  Territory,  on  the  Yel- 
lowstone,    Lon,  106"  30'  W.  Lat,  46"  N. 

Manwas,  district.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Man- 
was,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  85"  6'  E.  lat.  24"  13'  N. 

Manzanares,  r.  Spain,  which  passes  Madrid,  and 
falls  into  the  Henares,  8  miles  below. 

Manzanares,  r.  S.  America,  which  enters  the 
sea  near  the  city  of  Cumana. 

Manzanares,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  21  m.  E. 
Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  6,800. 

Manzanilla  Key,  a  small  rocky  isl,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Cuba.     Lon.  77"  38'  W.  Lat.  20'  54'  N. 

Manzat,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  14  m.  N.  by 
W.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,500. 

Manzinskoi,  fortress,  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  30  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Selinginsk.  Lon.  108"  44'  E.  Lat.  49° 
6'N. 

Manzora,  or  Chircira,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  joins 
the  Zambeze,  in  lat.  16°  35'  S. 

Mansureka,  r.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Lena, 
near  a  village  of  the  same  name,  Lon.  106°  34'  E. 
Lat.  53°  45'  N. 

Mao,  city,  China,  of  the  second  rank,  iu  Setchu- 
en,    Lon.  103°  32'  E.  Lat.  31"  38'  N. 

Maon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe  of 
Judah. 

Maouna,  or  Massacre  Island,  one  of  the  Naviga- 
tor's islands,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Capt.  Edwards 
tails  this  island  Otutuela.  Lon.  of  the  anchoring 
place,  189"  1'  E.  Lat.  14"  22'  S. 

Mapocho,  r.  Chili,  which  passes  the  city  of  San- 
tiago, and  afterwards  enters  the  Maipo. 

Mar,  Cape,  promontory,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Spain,  in  the  Atlantic.  Lon.  4°  58'  W.  Lat.  43° 
29'  N. 

Marabea,  t.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  6  m.  N.  Loheia. 

Maraca,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Guiana. 
Lon.  51"  26' W.  Lat.  2"  N. 

Mararaguaco,  a  branch  of  the  Amazon  river, 
which  joins  the  main  stream,  40  m.  S.  W.  Pauxis. 

Maracaibo,  province,  of  the  Caraccas,  in  S. 
America,  bounded  N.  by  the  Carribbean  sea,  and 
E.  by  Venezuela.  Pop.  according  to  Depons, 
100,000. 

Maracaibo,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  is  on  the 
W.  side  of  lake  Maracaibo,  six  leagues  from  the 
sea.  The  houses  are  covered  with  reeds,  which 
constantly  expose  them  to  conflagration.  Pop.  in 
1801,22,000,  which  was  afterwards  increased  by 
the  accession  cf  Spaniards,  who  fled  from  St.  Do- 
mingo.   The  number  of  slaves  is  about  5,000.    A 


438 


MAR 


MAR 


bar,  which  has  but  10  or  12  feet  depth  of  water, 
entirely  excludes  large  vessels.  140  leagueis  W. 
Caraccas.     Lon.  71"  46'  W.  Lat.  10"  30'  N. 

Maracaibo,  a  great  lake  of  S.  America,  200 
miles  long,  and  70  broad,  which  communicates 
with  the  gulf  of  Maracaibo  through  a  narrow 
strait,  which  is  well  defended  by  strong  forts. — 
This  lake  is  easily  navigated,  and  carries  vessels 
of  the  greatest  burden. 

Maracana,  t.  Brazil,  80  m.  N.  N.  E.  Para.  Lon. 
49"  W.  LatO"27'S. 

Maracay,  or  Moracao,  t  S.  America,  40  m.  S. 
W.  Caraccas.     Pop.  8,400. 

Maracu,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
San  Luis  de  Maranham,  in  lat.  3"  40'  S. 

Maraga,  t.  Persia,  in  Azerbijan,  68  m.  N.  Ta- 
breez.  Lon.  46"  25'  E.  Lat.  37°  20'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Maraga,  t  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Nile,  6  m.  S.  Tahta. 

Marah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  Arabian 
desert,  famous  for  its  bitter  or  salt  springs. 
Marajo  Island.     See  Joannes. 
Maramecy  r.  Missouri,  which  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi, 18  m.  below  St.  Louis.     It  is  navigable  350 
miles. 

Maranda,  fief,  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Quebec. 

Maranham,  province,  Brazil,  which  compre- 
hends the  island  of  that  name,  and  part  of  the  ad- 
jacent continent.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Seara,  N. 
by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Para.  Cotton  is  the 
staple  production,  with  sugar  and  rice,  several 
cargoes  of  which  are  annually  exported. 

Maranham,  isl.  Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of  three 
rivers.  It  is  31  miles  long,  very  fertile,  and  well 
inhabited.  St.  Louis_  de  Maranham,  the  capital 
of  the  province,  is  on  the  island.  It  is  very  strong, 
and  has  a  stout  castle  built  on  a  rock,  towards  the 
sea,  which  commands  a  very  convenient  harbor. 
Lon.  43"  37'  W.  Lat.  2"  30'  S. 

Marano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  40 
m.  E.  Treviso.     Pop.  1,000. 

Marano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro,  6  m. 
N.W.Naples.     Pop.  6,600. 
Maranon.     See  Amazon. 

Marans,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  3  m. 
from  the  sea,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  La  Rochelle.  Pop. 
4,700. 

Marantabuan,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  N. 
of  Borneo.     Lon.  1 17°  39'  E.  Lat.  6°  55'  N. 

Maras,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi. 

Ma/rasind  Islands,  2  small  islands  in  the  Eastern 
seas.     Lon.  118"  20'  E.  Lat.  5"  15'  S. 

Maratea,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  on  the 
gulf  of  Policastro,  and  divided  into  Maratea  Infe- 
riore,  and  Superiore,  10  m.  S.  E.  Policastro.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Marathon,  v.  on  the  E.  shore  of  Attica,  famous 
for  the  victory  of  Miltiades  over  the  Persians ;  20 
m.  N.  E.  Athens. 

Maratho7i,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co.  Alabama, 
on  Tennessee  river,  at  the  head  of  the  Muscle 
shoals,  45  m.  W.  Huntsville. 

Marati,  band  of  desperate  pirates,  on  the  N.  E. 
coast  of  Madagascar. 

Maratonisi,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  on  a  gulf 
to  which  it  gives  name,  22  m.  S.  W.  Malvasia. 

Maratuba,  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  E. 

coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  118"  35'  E.    Lat.  2"  15'  N. 

Maraxptts,  or  Marawar,  district,  Iwlia,  ou  the  E. 


shore,  opposite  Ceylon,  between  9"  and  10"  N.  lal. 
60  milfes  long,  by  40  broad. 

Marawil,  t.  Ceylon,  14  m.  N.  Negombo. 

Marazion,  or  Market  Jew,  t.  Eng.  in  CornwaU, 
on  St.  Mount's  bay.  Lon.  5°  17'  W.  Lat.  50°  7'  N. 
Pop.  1,248. 

Marblehead,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  4  m.  S.  E.  Sa- 
lem, 16  N.  E.  Boston.  Lat.  42"  32'  N.  Lon.  70" 
50'  W.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  custom-house,  and  5 
houses  for  public  worship,  2  for  Congregational* 
ists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1 
for  Baptists.  The  harbor  lies  in  front  of  the  town, 
and  extends  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  in  length,  and  is  half  a  mile  broad.  It  is 
convenient,  and  well  defended  by  Fort  Sewall. 
The  inhabitants  of  this  town  are  more  extensive- 
ly engaged  in  the  bank  fisheries  than  any  other  in, 
the  U.  S.     Pop.  in  1810,  5,900. 

Marbletown,  p-t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  W. 
Kingston.     Pop.  3,363. 

Marboz,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  12  m.  N.  Bourg. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Marburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
Lahn.  A  university  was  established  here  in 
1527,  which  has  200  students.  Pop.  6,500.  45  m. 
S.  W.  Cassel. 

Marburg,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Drave.  It 
is  the  capital  of  a  circle,  and  contains  5,000  in- 
habitants. The  circle  of  Marburg  has  an  area  of 
1,330  sq.  miles,  and  173,000  inhabitants.  116  m. 
S.  by  W.  Vienna.     Lon.  14°  42' E.    Lat.  46"  34' N. 

Marcasi,  3  small  islands  off  the  coast  of  Peru. 
Lat.  11°  30' S. 

Marcellus,  p-t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  on  Skenea- 
teles  lake,  10  m.  W.  Onondago,  60  W.  Utica. 
Pop.  4,725.  In  this  town  is  the  village  of  Ske- 
neateles. 

Marcenat,  t.  France,  in  Cautal,  14  m.  N.  by  W. 
Murat.     Pop.  2,100. 

March,  t.  Eng.  in  the  isle  of  Ely,  and  county  of 
Cambridge,  11  m.  fr.  Wisbeach,  80  fr.  London. 
Lon.  0"  6'  E.  Lat.  52"  34'  N.  Pop.  3,098. 

Marchand  Island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
142°19'W.  Lat.  9"  21' S. 

Marche,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  30  m.  S.  Na- 
mur.     Pop.  1,400. 

Marche,  t.  France,  jn  Vosges,  26  m.  W.  S.  W, 
Epinal.     Pop.  1,600. 

Marcheck,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Morava,  1 4 
m.  N.  W.  Presburg.  Lon.  16°  56'  E.  Lat.  48°  15' 
N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Marchienne  au  Pont,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hai- 
nault,  18  m.  E.  by  S.  Mons.     Pop.  1,200. 

Marchiennes,  t.  France,  in  North,  9  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Valenciennes.     Pop.  2,2(X). 

Marciac,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  10  m.  W.  Mirande. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Marcianise,  or  Marcianisi,  t.  Naples,  in  the 
Terra  di  Lavoro,  13  m.  N.  Naples.     Pop.  5,700. 

Marcille,  t.  France,  inMayenne,  6  m.E.  May- 
enne.     Pop.  1,200, 

Marcolles,  i.  France,  in  Cantal,  17  m.  S.  W. 
Auriliac.     Pop.  1,350. 

Marcus  hook,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  the  Dela- 
ware, 20  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

Mardoii,  isl.  Norway,  in  the  Sound.  Lon.  8° 
55' E.  Lat.  58"  14' N. 

Mareb,  r.  Sennaar,  in  Africa,  which  falls  into 
theTacazze,  about  156  m.  above  the  junction  of 
that  river  with  the  Nile. 

Marecchia,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Venice,  at  Rimini. 


MAR 


M  A  R 


439 


J\Iarechattx,  Cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hispanio- 
la.     Lon.  73"  23'  W.  Lat.  18°  16' N. 

Mare  meg.     See  Maramec. 

Maremma,  La,  the  name  given  to  a  country  in 
Italy,  extending  along  the  S.  W.  coast,  from  Leg- 
horn on  the  N.  as  far  as  Terracina  on  the  Nea- 
politan frontier.  Many  parts  of  it  are  marshy, 
and  the  whole  unhealthy. 

Marengo,  v.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  Bormida. 
Here  was  fought,  on  the  14th  June  1800,  the 
memorable  battle  of  Marengo,  between  the 
French  and  Austrians.  5  m.  S.  E.  Alessandria, 
50  E.  by  S.  Turin.     Pop.  2,200. 

Marengo,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Tonibigbee. 

Marennes,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Charente,  25 
m.  S.  Rochelle.     Pop.  4,700. 

Mareotis,  an  extensive  lake  of  Egypt,  S.  of  Al- 
exandria, separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  a 
narrow  strip  of  land.  On  the  E.  it  is  separated 
by  a  neck  of  land  equally  narrow,  from  the  lake 
of  Aboukir. 

Mareshah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Judah. 

Maretimo,  (an.  Hiera,)  small  isl.  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, belonging  to  the  ^gades  group,  about 
20  m.  from  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon.  12°  13' 
E.  Lat.  38°  4'  N. 

Margallaway,  r.  which  rises  in  the  highlands 
that  separate  Maine  from  Canada,  and  flowing  S. 
into  New  Hampshire,  receives  the  waters  of  Um- 
bagog  lake,  and  takes  the  name  of  Androscoggin. 

Margam,  v.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan,  7  m.  from 
Briton  Ferry. 

Marganin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  38  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Bromberg.     Pop.  1,700. 

Margaret'' s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  143° 
24'  W,  Lat.  20°  26'  S. 

Margareltsville,  v.  Washington  co.  Md.  10  m.  S. 
by  E.  Elizabethtown. 

Margariii,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  near  the 
*ea  coast,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Gi/tana.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Margaritta,  Spanish  isl.  in  the  Carribbean  sea, 
on  the  coast  of  Cumana,  30  m.  in  circumference. 
The  soil  is  poor,  and  unfit  for  cultivation.  It  is 
the  position  of  this  island,  so  near  the  Spanish 
settlements,  being  separated  from  Terra  Firma 
by  a  strait  of  only  8  leagues,  that  gives  it  its  pe- 
culiar importance.  There  are  but  three  ports. 
The  principal  is  Pampatar,  on  the  S.  E.  side  of 
the  island.  It  is  there  that  all  the  fortifications 
deemed  requisite  for  the  defence  of  the  island, 
are  placed.  The  capital  city  is  Assumption, 
built  almost  in  the  centre  of  the  island.  Pop. 
14,000,  of  whom  5,500  are  whites,  2,000  Indians, 
and  6,500  slaves  and  freed  persons.  Their  prin- 
cipal riches  are  in  the  pearl  fisheries  established 
in  the  island  of  Coche,  in  the  middle  of  the  chan- 
nel.   Lon.  64°  and  65°  W.  Lat.  10°  56'  N. 

Margate,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Kent,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Thames.  Margate  is  chiefly  supported  by  the 
numerous  visitors  which  resort  hither  in  summer, 
and  the  business  which  their  residence  occasions. 
Since  the  invention  of  steam  vessels,  the  town  has 
wonderfully  increased,  in  order  to  accommodate 
the  vast  numbers  brought  by  this  expeditious  con- 
veyance. Six  steam  packets  are  employed  in 
summer,  starting  two  each  day  from  Margate  and 
London,  entirely  superseding  the  original  sailing 
packets.  In  the  summer  of  1819,  the  number  of 
ja-'sengers  carried  to  and  from  London  was  42, 120. 


72  m.  E.  by  S.  London.  Lon.  1°  23'  E.  Lat.  51" 
23'  N.     Pop.  6,849. 

Margeesera,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77°  23' 
E.  Lat.  13°  35'  N. 

Margonin,  t.  Prussian  Poland,'  40  m.  N.  by  E. 
Posen.     Pop.  1,700. 

Margot,  r.  Mississippi,  which  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi, in  lat.  35"  28'  N. 

Marguerite,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.  E.  coast  of  France.  Lon.  7°  3'  E.  Lat.  43° 
31' N. 

Marguerites,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  5  m.  N.  E. 
Nismes.     Pop.  2,100. 

Maria,  t.  New  Granada,  32  leagues  fr.  Car- 
thagena. 

Maria,  t.  Gaspe  district.  Lower  Canada,  on 
Chaleur  bay. 

Maria,  r.  Illinois,  which  falls  into  the  Missis- 
sippi. 

Maria,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  rises  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  and  joins  the  Missouri,  30  m^ 
below  the  great  falls. 

Maria,  Capej  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  135°  53i'  E.  Lat.  14°  50'  S. 

Maria,  Van  Diemen,  the  N.  W.  point  of  New 
Zealand.     Lon.  172°  42'  E.  Lat.  34°  30'  S. 

Maria'' s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Southern  ocean,  off 
the  E.  coast  of  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Lon.  143" 
29' E.  Lat.  42°  42' S. 

Maria  de  Leuca,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Otranto, 
near  the  promontory  of  Leuca,  25  m.  S.  by  W. 
Otranto. 

Mariager,  s-p.DeAmark,  in  North  Jutland.  Lon. 
10°  0' 15"  E.  Lat.  56°  39' 3"  N. 

Mariana,  or  Marianne  Islands.     See  Ladrones. 

Mariana,  t.  Brazil,  8  m.  E.  Villa  Rica.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Marianella,  v.  Italy,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro, 
near  Naples.     Pop.  1,400. 

Marianne  Islands,  3  small  islands  in  Lake  Borg- 
ne,  3  m.  from  the  coast  of  Mississippi. 

Marias  las  Tres,  3  small  islands  off  Guadalaxa- 
ra,  in  Mexico.     Lat.  21"  16'  N.  Lon.  106°  17'  W. 

Marias  Islands,  3  uninhabited  islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.  The  most  northern  and  largest  is  13 
miles  long.  204  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cape  St.  Lucas. 
Lon.  of  anchoring  place,  253°  54'  E.  Lat.  21' 
28' N. 

Mariarille,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N.  E. 
Castine. 

Marie,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Mississip- 
pi between  the  Auvase  and  the  Kaskaskias. 

Marie,  Cape  Dame,  the  W.  point  of  St.  Domin-; 
go,  which,  with  the  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  forms  the 
entrance  of  the  bay  of  Leogane.  Lon.  74°  26'  W. 
Lat.  18°  38'  N.  60  leagues  W.  Port  au  Prince, 

Mariegalante,  isl.  W.  Indies,  between  Guada- 
loupe  ami  Dominica,  42  m.  in  circumference.  Lon. 
6ri9' W.  Lat.  15°56'N. 

Marienberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxony.  It  has 
mines  of  silver,  iron,  vitriol,  and  tin.  35  m.  S.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  2,600. 

Marienburg,  t.  W.  Prussia,  on  the  Nogat.  Here 
are  extensive  breweries  knd  distilleries.  26  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Dantzic.  Lon.  19°  1'  E.  Lat.  54°  1'  N. 
Pop.  7,200. 

Marieniverder,  one  of  the  two  governments  int© 
which  W,  Prussia  is  now  divided.  Area,  6,880 
sq.  miles.  Pop.  302,000.  Marienwerder,  t.  <^'. 
Prussia,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Nogat,  43  ni.'  ».  of 
Dantzic,  90  S.  W.  Konigsberg,  jbon.  18"  ^0'  E. 
Lat.  53°  44' N.  Pop.  5,100, 


440 


MAR 


MAR 


Marien&eU,  t.  Austrian  states,  6  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Baden.  It  is  the  Loretto  of  Austria.  The  crowds 
who  resort  to  a  chapel  here  are  immense. 

Mariestadt,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  lake  Wennes,  60 
m.  S.  W.  Orebro.     Pop.  ],100. 

Marietta,  p-v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 

Marietta,  borough  and  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  12  m.  W.  Lan- 
caster. 

Marietta,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on 
tlie  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  immediately  above 
the  mouth  of  Muskingum  river,  178  m.  below 
Pittsburg,  93  E.  by  N.  Chillicothe,  109  S.  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 61  S.  E.  Zanesville.  Lat.  39°  23'  N.  Lon. 
81°  20'  W.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a 
land  office,  an  academy,  bank,  printing  office,  and 
Presbyterian  meetmg-house.  During  7  years 
from  1800  to  1807,  ship-building  was  carried  on 
here  to  a  considerable  extent ;  and  since  1816  this 
business  has  revived.  The  situation  of  the  town 
is  unfortunate  ;  parts  of  it  being  liable  to  annual 
inundation.     Pop.  in  1810, 1,463. 

Marigliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  12 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Naples.    Pop.  5,500. 

Marignane,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhonc, 
14  m.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  1,600. 

Marignano,  or  Malegnano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in 
Milan,  8  m.  W.  N.  W.  Lodi.     Pop.  4,C0O. 

Marigny,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  6  m.  W. 
St.  Lo.     Pop.  3,800. 

Marigny,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Charolles.     Pop.  2,500. 

Marindugera,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Lucon.  Lon.  121°  51' E.  Lat.  13" 
29'  N. 

Maringues,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  14  m. 
N.  W.  Thiers.     Fop.  3,800. 

Marino,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Rome. 

Marion,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  8,884.  Slaves, 
2,771.  Chief  town,  Gilesborough.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Marion,  formerly  Wilkinson,  co.  Geo.  Pop. 
«154.     Slaves,  31 8. 

Marion,  p-t.  and  cap.  Twiggs  co.  Geo. 

Marion,  co.  Alabama,  between  the  Tuscaloosa 
and  Tombigbee  rivers. 

Marion,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Pearl  river.  Pop. 
in  1816, 1,701.     Slaves,  686.     Chief  town.  Fords. 

Marian,  co.Ohio,  formed  in  1820,  in  the  Indian 
Reservation. 

Marion  and  Croze fs  Islands,  four  islands  in  the 
Indian  ocean.   Lon.  47°  E.  Lat.  48°  S. 

Mariotte,  t.  Switz.  in  Ticino,  5  m.  S.  by  W.  Lu- 
gano. 

Mariqv.it a,  city.  New  Granada,  80  m.  S.  Santa 
Fe.  Lon.  74°  6' W.  Lat.  5°  16' N. 

Marilico,  r.  S.  America,  in  Carthagena,  which 
runs  into  the  Spanish  Main,  in  lon.  76°  42'  W.  lat. 
8°  5'  N. 

Marivelas,  or  Marivelle  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Lucon.  Lon.  120°  24'  E.  Lat.  14°  30'  N. 

Marivelas,  or  Marivelle,  one  of  the  smaller  Phi- 
lippine islands. 

Mariupol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  sea  of  Azoph,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Kalmius,  140  m.  S.  E.  Ekaterin- 
oslav.     Pop.  2,000. 

Marizza,  or  Marissa,  the  ancient  Hebrus,  r.  Eu. 
Turkey,  which  passes  by  Philipopoli,  Adrianople, 
and  Trajanopoli,  and  runs  into  a  bay  of  the  Archi- 
pelago, called  the  gulf  of  Enos. 

Mark,  co.  Germany,  in  the  Prussian  province 
of  Westphalia.     Extent,  667  square  miles.     Pop. 


132,000.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Lippe  and  the 
Roer.     The  chief  town  is  Hamm, 

Marken,  isl.  Netherlands,  in  the  Zuyder-Zee, 
10  m.  E.  Amsterdam. 

Market  Bosicorth.     See  Bosworth. 

Market  Deeping,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln  co.  Lon.  0* 
18' W.   Lat.  52°  42' xW. 

Market  Drayton,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop  co.  1 1  m.  S.  E. 
Whitchurch,  154  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  29'  W. 
Lat.  52"  55' N.  Pop.  3,370. 

Market  Harborough.     See  Harborough. 

Market  Jew.     See  Marazion. 

Market  Weighton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the 
road  from  York  to  Hull.  Lon.  0°  40'  W.  Lat.  53° 
52'  N.     Pop.  1,508. 

Markinch,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Cupar. 

Markisch-Friedland,  t.  West  Prussia,  15  m.  W. 
by  N.  Deutsche-Cron.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mark-Lissa,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Queiss,  15 
m.  S.  E.  Gorlitz.     Pop.  1,300. 

Markolsheim,  t.  France,  32  ra.  S.  E.  Strasburg. 
Pop.  J, 500. 

Marks,  Lake  of,  or  Shibkah  el  Lowdeah,  lake  in 
the  S.  part  of  Tunis,  60  miles  long,  and  18  broad. 
It  is  supposed  by  Dr.  Shaw  to  be  the  Palus  Trito- 
nis  of  the  ancients. 

Marlborough,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  on  the  Ken- 
net.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  74  m. 
W.London.  Lon.  1°43'W.  Lat.  51°  25' N.  Pop. 
2,579. 

Marlborough,  t.  Greenville  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Marlborough,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Marlborough,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  3  m.  S.  E. 
Keene.     Pop.  1,142. 

Marlborojigh,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  44  m.  S. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,245. 

Marlborough,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  16  m.  E. 
Worcester,  27  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,674. 

Marlborough,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17  m.  S.  E. 
Hartford.     Pop.  720. 

Marlborough,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
23  m.  below  Kingston.  Pop.  1,964.  It  has  2  hous- 
es  of  public  worsliip,  1  for  Quakers,  and  1  for 
Presbyterians. 

Marlborough.    See  Winnjield. 

Marlborough,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa,     Pop.  672. 

Marlborough,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,046. 

Marlborough,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
917. 

Marlborough,  Lower,  p-v.  Calvert  co.  Md.  on 
the  Patuxent ;  30  m.  S.  VV.  Annapolis. 

Marlborough,  Upper,  p-t.  and  cap.  Prince  George 
CO.  Md.  on  the  Patuxent,  21  m.  S.  W.  Annapolis. 

Marlborough,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  4,966.  Slaves., 
1,709.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Marlborough,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  206. 

Marie,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  106  m.  N.  by  E.  Paris. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Marley^s  Store,  p-v.  Sampson  co.  N.  C. 

Marlow,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  33  m.  W.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  566. 

Marlow,  Great,  borough  and  t.  Eng.  in  Bucking- 
hamshire, near  the  Thames.  31  m.  W.  by  N, 
London.  Lon.  0"  46'  W.  Lat.  51°  34'  N.  Pop. 
2,799. 

Marlstrand,  isl.  off  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Sweden. 
Lon.  1 1°  29'  E.  Lat.  57°  53'  N. 

Marly,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Oise,  6  m.  E- 
Guise.     Pop.  1,000. 

Marly-le-Roi,  t.  France,  in  Seine -and-Oise,  f> 


MAR 


MAR 


441 


m.  N.  Versailles,  10  W.  Paris,  famous  for  its  mag- 
hificent  gardens  and  water  works.     Fop.  1,200. 

Marmagnac,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  3  m.  E.  Au- 
rillac.    Pop.  1,900. 

Marmande,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-G  aronne,  on 
the  Garonne,  34  m.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.   Pop.  6,100. 

Marmord.^  isl.  in  the  sea  of  Marmora,  30  miles  in 
circumference.  60  m.  S.  W.  Constantinople. 

Marmora,  Sea  of,  a  body  of  water,  90  miles  long 
and  33  broad,  between  Europe  and  Asia,  commu- 
nicating with  the  Euxine  sea  through  the  straits  of 
Constantinople,  and  with  the  Archipelago  through 
the  strait  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Marmorice,  s-p.  A.  Turkey,  at  the  head  of  a  bay, 
nearly  opposite  the  island  of  Rhodes.  The  har- 
bour is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Lon.  28"  31' 
E.  Lat.  36"  52'  N. 

Marne,  r,  France,  which  rises  near  Langres, 
and  after  a  course  of  220  miles,  falls  into  the  Seine 
at  Charenton,  a  few  miles  above  Paris. 

Marne,  a  department  in  the  N.  E.  of  France. 
Extent,  3,200  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1816,311,000. 
Wine  is  the  great  product  Chalons  sur  Marne  is 
the  capital. 

Marne,  Upper,  a  department  in  the  N.  E.  of 
France.  Extent,  2,560  sq.  miles.  Pop.  238,000. 
The  principal  product  is  wine.  Upwards  of 
500,000  acres  are  covered  with  forests.  The 
number  of  iron  mines  is  25  ;  the  workmen,  about 
4,000;  the  quantity  of  iron  furnished,  nearly 
20,000  tons,  of  which  the  half  is  wrought,  the  half 
cast  iron.     Chaumont  is  the  capital, 

Marne,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Brunsbuttel.     Pop.  9(30. 

Maro,  t.  Piedmont,  9  m.  N.  W.  Oneglia.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Marolles  les  Breaux,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  8  m. 
S.  by  W.  Mamers.     Pop.  1,800. 

Marommes,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Seine,  3  m.  N. 
W.  Rouen.     Pop.  1,500. 

Maronda,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75°  7'  E.  Lat. 
26°  43'  N. 

Maroni,  or  Marawina,  r.  S.  America,  in  Guia- 
na, which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lon.  55"  14' 
W.  lat.  5°  52'  N. 

Marosch,  or  Maros,  r.  Austrian  states,  which  ris- 
es among  the  Carpatiiian  mountains,  crosses  Tran- 
sylvania, and  Hungary  proper,  and  falls  into  the 
Teisse  opposite  Szegedin. 

Maroslica,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  11  m.  N.  Vicenza. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Maros,  t.  Transylvania,  52  m.  N.  E.  Carlsburg. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Marpach,  or  Marbach,  t.  Wirtemberg,  at  the 
confluence  of  theNeckar  and  the  Murr,  11  m.  N. 
by  E.  Stutgard.  Lon.  9°  21'  E.  Lat.  48"  58'  N.  Pop. 
2,100. 

Marple,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  4i  m,  E.  S.  E. 
Stockport.     Pop.  2,254. 

Marple,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  649. 

Marq  en  Bareul,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North. 
3  m.  M.  E.  Lisle.     Pop.  2,CX)0. 

Marquais,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Sarlat.     Pop.  1,200. 

Marquesado,  Villa  del,  t.  Mexico,  48  leagues  S. 
E.  Mexico.     Lon.  277°  10'  W.  Lat.  18"  2'  N. 

Marquesas,  Marquis  of  Mendoza^s  Islands,  or 
Mendoca  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  South 
Pacific  ocean,  extending  from  138|"  to  140^°  W. 
lon.  and  from  8i"  to  10^"  S.  lat.  Various  accounts 
are  given  of  the  soil  of  these  islands;  but  all  ac- 
counts agree  that  the  inhabitants  are  remarkable 
for  the  beautiful  proportion.'^  of  their  bodv  and  the 

5G 


regularity  of  their  features.  They  are  all  strong, 
tall,  and  extremely  active.  Pop.  estimated  at 
50,000. 

Jlfaz-^Mw/s/ands,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
Florida  stream.  Lon.  81°  30'  VV.  Lat.  24°  35'  N. 

Marquise,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Boulogne.  Pop.  1,400. 

Marr,  district,  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  con- 
taining 900  sq.  miles.     Pop.  53,000. 

Marraboo,  t.  Bambarra,  in  Central  Africa,  oa 
the  upper  part  of  the  iNiger,  150  m.  S.  W.  Sego. 

Marrah,  t.  Syria,  40  m.  S.  VV.  Aleppo. 

Marr  at,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  11  m.  S. 
Thiers.     Pop.  2,400. 

Marray,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  11  m.  N. 
Tours.     Pop.  1,000. 

Marr''s  bluff,  p-v.  Liberty  co.  S.  C. 

Marsac,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  6  m.  S.  E, 
Ambert.     Pop.  3,000. 

Marsaglia,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  E.  Mondovi. 

Marsal,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  17  m.  iV.  E. 
Nancy.     Pop.  1,400. 

Marsala,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Mazzara,  at  the 
W.  extremity  of  the  island,  on  the  promontory  of 
Lilubseum.  45  m.  S.  W.  Palermo.  Lon.  12°  27' 
E.  Lat.  37"  52'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Marsden,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  18  m.  from  Man- 
chester.    Pop.  1,800. 

Mars  Diep,  a  passage  from  the  German  ocean 
into  the  Zuyder-Zee,  between  the  extremity  of 
North  Holland  and  the  Texel.  It  is  the  principal 
passage  both  for  merchantmen  and  ships  of  war. 

Murseillan,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Agde.     Pop.  3,200. 

Marseilles,  a  large  and  commercial  city  in  the 
S.  of  France,  cap.  of  the  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
on  the  Mediterranean.  The  city,  with  its  envi- 
rons, is  inclosed  by  rocky  hills.  It  is  divided 
into  the  Old  and  New  Town.  The  New  Town, 
containing  nearly  two-thii'ds  of  the  whole,  is  equal 
in  beauty  to  any  town  of  France.  Its  streets  are 
broad  and  straight,  its  squares  spacious  and  hand- 
some, its  buildings  remarkable  for  their  elegance. 
The  port  extends  hito  the  heart  of  the  town,  is 
completely  sheltered  from  all  winds,  and  remains 
perfectly  tranquil  in  the  most  violent  storms.  It 
owes  this  security  chiefly  to  the  narrowness  of  the 
entrance,  which  does  not  exceed  100  yards,  being 
confined  by  two  projecting  rocks,  one  on  each 
side.  On  these  are  situated  two  forts  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  harbour.  The  harbour  is  capable  of 
containing  nearly  1,000  merchant  vessels ;  but  it  is 
not  of  sufficient  depth  to  float  ships  of  war. 

From  its  advantageous  position,  and  the  securi- 
ty of  its  harbour,  Marseilles  has  long  enjoyed  a 
large  share  of  the  foreign  trade  of  France.  It  is, 
on  account  of  its  lazaretto,  the  exclusive  medium 
of  intercourse  between  France,  the  Levant,  and 
the  N.  coast  of  Africa.  To  these  countries  alone 
it  exports  annually,  to  the  value  of  a  million  ster- 
ling, in  light  woollens,  silk,  and  colonial  produce. 
It  is  a  central  point  for  the  trade  with  Spain  and 
Italy.  It  has  also  extensive  transactions  with 
Holland,  England,  the  Baltic,  North  America,  and 
the  \V.  Indies.  The  most  important  manufactures 
are  soap ;  of  these  there  are  75  separate  establish- 
ments, which  consume  annually  from  1,200  to 
1,500  tons  of  olive  oil.  180  m.  S.  by  E.  Lyons, 
300  E.  N.  E.  Bourdeaux,  450  S.  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon. 
5°  22'  E.  Lat.  43°  17'  N.     Pop.  11 0,000. 

Marshall's  mills,  p-v.  Huntinjrdon  co.  Pa. 

Marshallsville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Mcrshallfon,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 


4^ 


MAR 


MAR 


Marskfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  1 1  m.  from 
Bristol,  103  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  17'  W.  Lat.  51" 
28' N.    Pop.  1,415. 

Murshjield,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  12  m.  E. 
Montpelier.  Pop.  513. 

Marshjield,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  on  the  sea 
coast,  15  m.  N.  Plymouth.     Pop.  1,364. 

Marsh  island,  isl.  Maine,  at  the  Great  falls  in 
Penobscot  rivei",  4  m.  above  Bangor. 

Marshpee,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on  the  sea 
coa^t,  13  m.  S.  W.  Barnstable.  Pop.  139. 

Marshy  hope,  r.  Md.  the  N.  W.  branch  of  the 
Nanticoke. 

Marsico  JVuoiv,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra. 
23  m.  N.  by  W.  Pohcastro.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
Pop.  6,800. 

Marsico  Vecchio,  or  Vetere,  t.  Naples,  in  Basili- 
cata,  14  m.  S.  Potenza.     Pop.  2,650. 

Marsillac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  9  m.  N.  Bour- 
deaux.     Fop.  1,800. 

Marsotns  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main. 
Lon.  82"  58' W.  Lat.  12"5'N. 

Marstal,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Arroe,  10 
m.  S.  S.  VV.  Rudkiobing.     Pop.  800. 

Marston,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
Meganticlc  lake. 

.  Marslrand,  t.  Sweden,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Cattegat,  23  m.  N.  N.  W.  Gottenburg.  Lon.  IT 
36'  E.    Lat.  57"  53'  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Martaban,  a  province  of  the  Birman  empire, 
between  15"  and  17°  N.  lat.  and  between  97°  and 
99°  E.  lon.  Its  principal  produce  is  pepper,  car- 
damums,  rice,  salt,  and  fish.  Being  situated  be- 
tween Pegue  and  Siam,  it  has  frequently  changed 
masters  ;  but  in  1745  it  was  conquered,  together 
with  Pegue,  by  the  Birmans.  Martaban,  the  cap- 
ital, is  a  seaport,  in  lou.  97"  30'  E.  lat.  16"  30'  N. 

Martel,  t.  Fx-ance,  in  Lot,  19  m.  N.  E.  Gourdon. 
Pop.  2,800. 

Martello,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  the  island  of  Neg- 
ropout,  in  Greece.  Lon.  24°  39'  E.  Lat.  38°  N. 

Martha  Brae  Harbour,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, 7  leagues  W.  Montego  point.  Lon.  77"  32' 
W.  Lat  18"31'N. 

Martha'' s  river,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  whic:h 
runs  into  the  Missouri  60  m.  above  the  mouth  of 
the  Yellowstone. 

Martha^ sville,  v.  Missouri,  on  the  river  jMissou- 
ri,  40  m.  W.St.  Charles. 

Martha\i  Vineyard,  isl.  Mass.  forming  part  ol' 
Dukes  CO.  It  lies  a  little  W.  of  Nantucket,  be- 
tween 40°  17' and  41°  29' N.  lat.  and  between  70° 
22'  and  70"  50'  W.  lon.  It  is  21  miles  long,  and  on 
an  average,  6  broad,  and  contains  about  3,000  in- 
habitants. Cattle  and  sheep  are  raised  here  in 
great  numbers,  and  grain  in  sufficient  quantity  for 
Ihc  supply  of  the  inhabitants.  The  chief  town  is 
F-dgartown.  On  the  N.  side  is  Holmes'  hole, 
which  is  a  famous  place  of  resort  for  vessels  bound 
to  Boston,  or  the  eastward.  Fifty  or  sixty  vessels 
are  frequently  seen  here  waiting  for  a  fair  wind. 

Marthalen,  t.  Switz.  in  Zurich,  5  m.  S.  Schaff- 
hausen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Martham,  parish,  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  6  m.  N.  W. 
by  N.  from  Caister.     Pop.  679, 

Marti,  or  Marty,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais. 
Fop.  2,000. 

Martick,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,623. 

Martigny,  in  Switzerland.     See  Martinach. 

Martigues,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the- 
R  hone,  on  the  lake  of  Martigues .  It  was  formerly 
A  place  of  considerable  strength.    22  m,  N,   W. 


Marseilles,  24  S.  W.  Aix.  Lon.  4°  59' E.  Lat.43» 
23'  N.  Pop.  6,800. 

Martin,  or  Isle  Martin,  v.  Scotland,  in  Rosa- 
shire,  on  the  W.  coast,  5  m.  N.  Ullapool. 

Martin,  co.  N.  C.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Tyrrel,  Halifax,  Bertie,  and  Pitt.  Pop.  5,987. 
Slaves,  2,357.     Chief  town,  Williamston. 

Martin,  Cape,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Va- 
lencia. Lon.  0°  3'  E.  Lat.  38"  47'  N. 

Martin,  Point,  the  N.  W.  point  of  ComtroUer's 
bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  215"  36' 
E.Lat.  60"13i'N. 

Martin''s,  Sir  Henry''s,  Islands.  See  Hergest''B 
Islands. 

Martin  de  Courtesolles,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  6 
m.  E.  N.  Chalons  sur  Marne.     Pop.  2,200. 

Martin  de  Londres,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  12 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  1,300. 

Martin,  Vas,  Islands  of,  3  small  islands  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean.  Lon.  25" -43'  W.  LaU  20"  31'  S. 

Martina,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Otranto,  13 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Otranto. 

Martinach,  or  Martigny,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  the 
Valais,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Rhone  and  the 
Drance,  11m.  W.  Sion. 

Martinengo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  25  m.  N.  E.  by 
E.  Milan.     Pop.  3,000. 

Martinet,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  E.  coast 
of  Ivica.  Lon.  1"  28'  E.  Lat.  38"  54'  N. 

Martinico,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  Caribbees,  being  50  miles  from  N.  W. 
to  S.  E.  and  140  in  circumference.  It  is  very  un- 
even, and  intersected  in  all  parts  by  hillocks. 
Three  mountains  rise  above  these  smaller  emi- 
nences. The  highe.st  bears  the  marks  of  a  volca- 
no. The  principal  productions  are  sugar,  coffee, 
cassia,  cotton,  indigo,  cocoa,  ginger,  &;c.  It  has 
numerous  bays  and  harbours,  which  afford  a  cer- 
tain shelter  from  the  hurricanes  which  infest  these 
latitudes.  In  1769,  1788,  and  1810,  the  export? 
were  as  follow : 

Imports.  Exports. 

1769,  £588,412,         £536,631 

1788,  1,195,111,         1,201,875 

1810,  635,664,  791,773 

In  1794,  the  island  was  taken  by  the  British, 
and  restored  to  France  ixi  1802.  It  was  again  ta- 
ken in  1809,  and  restored  in  1815.  Pop.  in  1700, 
21,640;  in  1732,  80,000;  and  in  1810,  according 
to  a  return  made  to  the  British  house  of  commons, 
96,413,  of  whom  78,577  were  slaves,  8,630  free 
persons  of  color,  and  9,206  whites.  The  principal 
towns  are  Port  Royal,  the  capital,  and  St.  Pierre. 
Lon.  of  the  Portde  France,  61°  5'  45"  W.  Lat.  14' 
35'  49"  N. 

Martinico,  Little,  one  of  the  Grenadine  islands, 
in  the  West  Indies.  Lon.  61°  18' W,  Lat.  13°38'N.. 

Marlinsborojigh,  now  Jonesville,  p-t.  Surry  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  Tar  river,  20  m.  abort 
AVashington. 

Murtinsburg,  p~t.  and  cap.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  4S 
m.  N.  Utica,  34  S.  Brownviile.     Pop.  889. 

Martinsburg,  p-t.  Berkley  co.  Va.  8  m.  S.  of  the 
Potomac,  25  fr.  Bath,  24  N.  E.  Winchester,  80  N. 
W.  Washington.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  2  churches,  and  about  80  dwelling  houses. 

Martinsburg,  p-t.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

Martin'' s  creek,  p-v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Martinsville,  p-t.  Henry  co.  Va.  40  m.  W.  Pitt- 
sylvania, 166  S.  W.  Petersburg. 

Martinsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Guilford  co.  N.  C.  oa 
llie  E.  side  of  Buffalo  creek,  a  branch  of  Haw  river. 


MAR 


MAR 


443 


4?5  m.  N.  W.  Hillsborough,  27  E.  Salem.  Lou.  79" 
43'  W.  Lat.  36°  5'  N.  In  the  neighborhood  of  this 
town  a  battle  was  fought  15th  March,  1781,  be- 
tween the  Americans  and  the  British. 

Martinsville,  Louisiana.     See  St.  Martinsville. 

Marlizay,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  14  m.  N.  Le 
Blanc.     Pop.  1,700. 

Martock,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  4i  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Ilchester.     Pop.  2,356. 

Marion,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  4i  m.  S.  W,  Nor- 
wich. 

Marlon,  <.Eu«-.  in  Lancashire, 2  m.  S.  E.  Black- 
pool.    Po)..  1,093. 

Marlon,  v.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  on  the  Trent, 
5  m.  S.  by  E.  Gainsborough. 

Marlon,  v.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  3  m.  fr.  Ap- 
pleby. 

Marlorano,  L  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop.     20  m.  N.  W.  Squillace. 

Martorell,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Noya  with  tlie  Llobregat,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Barcelona. 

Marlory,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  on  the 
Garonne,  10  m.  N.  by  E.  St.  Gaudens-  Pop. 
1,000. 

Marios,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10  m.  W.  Jaen. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Marly r^s  Reef  and  Rocks,  between  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  and  the  N.  side  of  the  Florida  stream.  Lon. 
81"  W.  Lat.  24"  5' N. 

Marua.     See  Maurua. 

Maru  Shah  Jehan.     See  Mcru. 

Marvao,  t.  Portugal,  6  m,  S.  E.  Valencia  de  Al- 
cantara, in  Spain.     Pop.  1,300. 

Marvejoh,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  36  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Rodez.     Pop.  3,700. 

Marvella,  or  Marbella,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Granada, 
S4  m.  W.  S.  W.  Granada,  34  N.  N.  E.  Gibral- 
tar.    Pop.  8,000. 

Marville,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  7  m.  S.  E,  Mont- 
medy,  24  N.  N.  E.  Verdun.     Pop.  1,000. 

Marwar.     See  Judpore. 

Marwitk  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast 
oftheislandofPomona.Lon.3"10'W.Lat.5r58'N. 

Mary  ann forge,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

Maryborough,  t.  Ireland,  in  Queen's  county, 
near  tlie  Barrow,  48  m.  N.  VVaterford,  43  S.  W. 
Dublin.  Lon.  T  2'  VV.  Lat.  53"  N. 

Maryburgh,  v.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire,  near 
Fort  William,  on  the  S.  side  of  Locheil. 

Maryland,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  S.  Coop- 
erstown.     Pop.  1,106. 

Maryland,  one  of  the  United  States,  bounded 
N.  by  Pennsylvania;  E.  by  Delaware  and  the 
Atlantic ;  S.  and  W.  by  Virginia.  It  lies  be- 
tween lon.  75"  10'  and  79"  20'  W.  lat.  38°  and 
39°  44'  N.  and  contains  13,959  square  miles,  or 
8,933,760  acres,  of  which  one  fifth  is  water. — 
Chesapeake  bay  runs  through  the  State  from  N. 
to  S.  dividing  it  into  two  parts.  The  part  east  of 
the  bay  is  called  the  eastern  shore,  and  the  part 
■west  of  the  bay,  the  western  shore.  The  State  is 
divided  into  19  counties,  11  of  which  are  on  the 
western  shore,  and  8  on  the  eastern.  Pop.  in 
1790,319,728;  in  1800,349,692;  in  1810,380,546; 
in  1820,  407,300,  of  whom  260,264  were  whites, 
107,288  slaves,  and  39,748  free  blacks. 

In  the  counties  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Ches- 
apeake, the  land  is  generally  level  and  low,  and 
in  many  places  is  covered  with  stagnant  waters, 
giving  rise  in  the  summer  and  fall  months,  to  agues 
and  intermittent  fevers.  On  the  western  shore, 
i-he  land  below  the  lowest  falls  of  the  river,  is 


principally  level,  and  free  from  stones.  Abov6 
these  falls  the  country  becomes  successively  une- 
ven and  hilly,  and  in  the  western  part  of  the  State 
is  mountainous.  The  principal  range  of  moun- 
tains is  the  Blue  Ridge  or  South  Mountains,  which 
pass  through  the  State  in  a  northerly  direction 
from  Virginia  into  Pennsylvania.  The  extreme 
western  part  of  the  State  is  crossed  by  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  Between  these  and  the  Blue 
Ridge  are  several  inferior  chains,  as  Will's  moun- 
tain, Evit's  Warrior,  and  Ragged  mountains,  and 
Sideling  hill. — The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  the  cul- 
ture of  tobacco  and  wheat,  which  are  the  staple 
productions  of  the  State.  Some  cotton  of  infeiior 
quality  is  also  raised,  and  in  the  western  counties, 
considerable  quantities  of  flax  and  hemp.  Two 
articles  are  said  to  be  peculiar  to  Maryland;  the 
genuine  while  wheat,  which  grows  in  Kent,  Queen 
Aim's,  and  Talbot  counties,  on  the  eastern  shore  ; 
and  the  bright  kite's  foot  tobacco,  which  is  produ- 
ced on  some  parts  of  the  western  shore,  south  of 
Baltimore.  The  forests  abound  with  various  kinds 
of  nuts,  used  for  fattening  hogs,  which  run  wild  ia 
the  woods,  and  are  killed  in  considerable  numbers 
for  exportation.  Apples  and  peaches  are  abun- 
dant, and  are  raised  for  distillation. 

Excellent  roads  jjroceed  from  Baltimore  in  va- 
rious directions.  'There  is  a  turnpike  from  Balti- 
more to  Cumberland  on  the  Potomac,  a  distance 
of  135  miles.  From  Cumberland  to  Brownsville 
on  the  Monongahela  in  Pennsylvania,  there  is  now 
completed  by  the  U.  S.  a  free  turnpike  road,  of 
the  most  superior  construction.  The  distance  ia 
72  miles,  making  the  whole  distance  from  Balti- 
more to  Brownsville  207  miles.  This  is  the  short- 
est and  best  communication  yet  opened  between  ' 
the  tide  water  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  navigable 
western  waters. — A  turnpike  extends  from  Balti- 
more in  a  N.  W.  direction  16  miles,  to  Reister 
town,  and  there  divides  ;  one  branch  turning  mora 
to  the  N.  meets  the  Penns)'h^nia  line  in  19  miles  ; 
the  other  in  a  W.  N.  W.  direction,  runs  29  miles 
in  Maryland. — A  company  was  incorporated  ma- 
ny years  since  by  the  States  of  Delaware  and  Ma- 
ryland, for  opening  a  communication  between 
Delaware  bay  and  the  Chesapeake,  by  means  of 
a  canal  from  Elk  river  to  Christiana  creek. 
When  completed  it  will  be  22  miles  long,  and  is 
intended  for  vessels  of  70  tons.  The  expense  is 
estimated  at  $850,000. 

Maryland  was  originally  settled  by  Roman 
Catholics,  and  they  are  (he  most  numerous  de- 
nomination of  Christians.  The  otlier  denomina- 
tions are  Episcopalians,  who  had  in  1811,  30 
churches,  and  35  clergymen.  Baptists,  Friends, 
Presbyterians,  <fcc. — There  are  several  very  res- 
pectable literary  institutions  in  Baltimore,  and 
academies  in  various  places.  The  legislature  is 
styled  the  general  assembly,  and  is  composed  of  a 
senate,  consisting  of  15  members,  chosen  for  five 
years  by  electors,  and  a  house  of  delegate.--,  con- 
sisting of  4  from  each  county,  and  2  trom  each  of 
the  cities  of  Annapolis  and  Baltimore,  chosen  an- 
nually. The  governor  and  an  executive  council 
of  5  persons,  are  chosen  annually  by  a  joint  ballot 
of  both  houses. 

Iron  ore  abounds  in  various  parts  of  the  State, 
and  coal  is  found  in  inexhaustible  quantities,  and 
of  a  superior  quality,  on  the  Potomac,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Cumberland.  Furnaces  have  been 
erected  in  various  places  for  the  manufacture  of 
iron  and  iron  ware.  Glass,  paper,  and  whiskey 
are  also  made  in  considerable  quantities.    Thft 


444 


MAS 


value  of  manufactures  in  1810,  was  $11,468, 
794.  The  principal  exports  are  flour  and  tobacco. 
The  value  of  tlie  exports  for  the  year  endmg:  Sept. 
30th  1820,  was  16,609,364,  of  which  $1,927,766 
was  foreign  produce,  ivlaryland  is  the  tliird  state 
in  the  Union  in  amount  of  shipping.  In  1815,  the 
number  of  tons  was  156,062. 

Maryland  point,  peninsula,  Md.  formed  by  a 
bend  in  Potomac  river,  12  m.  W,  Port  Tobacco. 

Maryport,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ellen.  The  trade  consists  chiefly  in 
the  importation  of  timber  from  North  America, 
and  the  exportation  of  coals  to  Ireland.  7  m.  N. 
W.  Cockermouth,  307  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  3" 
29'  W.  Lat.  54"  43'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Marysburg,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Up.  Canada, 
on  the  bay  of  Quinti. 

Mari/'s  river,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  S. 
side  of  the  Osage  river. 

MarysviUe,  t.  and  cap.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

Marysville,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Marysville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Blount  co.  East  Ten- 
nessee, 15  m.  S.  Knoxville.     Here  is  a  bank. 

Marysville,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

Marza,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto,  on  the  sea 
coast,  10  m.  S.  by  W.  Noto. 

Marza  Siisa,  s-p.  Barca,  in  Africa,  6  m.  N.  Cu- 
ren. 

Masaffran,  r.  Algiers,  which  falls  into  the  Med- 
iterranean, in  lon.  3'  13'  E.  lat.  36"  40'  N. 

Masafutro,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  12  miles 
in  circumference.  Lon.  80"  46'  W.  Lat.  33°  45'  S. 

Masagran,  s-p.  Tlemsan,  in  Algiers,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Arzew. 

Masbate,  one  ofthe  Philippine  islands,  S.  of  Lu- 
con.     Lon.  123°  20'  E.  Lat.  12"  18'  N. 

Mascali,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  15  m. 
N.  by  E.  Catania.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mascar,\.  Algiers,  40  m.  E.  S.  E.  Oran. 

Muscat,  the  most  considerable  seaport  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Arabia.  All  the  ports  from  Rosalgate  to 
the  entrance  of  the  gulf^  are  tributary  to  it.  The 
trade  is  extensive  with  the  British  settlements  in 
India,  the  Malay  peninsula,  the  Red  sea,  and  the 
E.  coast  of  Africa.  The  government  ofthe  Imaum 
is  the  most  civilized  and  orderly  of  any  either  in 
Persia  or  Arabia.  Britain  lavours  the  flag  of  Mas- 
cat,  recognizing  it  as  neutral ;  and  in  war  it  often 
becomes  the  channel  of  communication  with  the 
enemy's  ports.  In  short,  Mascat  is  resorted  to  as 
a  sort  of  magazine,  for  goods,  by  vessels  from  every 
port  in  Persia  and  Arabia.  English  vessels  sailing 
between  India  and  Bassorah,  usually  stop  here. 
It  carries  on  also  a  very  lai^e  trade  by  caravans, 
with  the  A  rabs  of  the  interior.  The  town  is  walled 
round,  and  strongly  fortified.  Lon.  59"  16'  E.  Lat. 
33"88'N. 

Mascomy,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in  Smart's  pond, 
between  Dorchester  and  Lyme,  and  flows  S.  into 
Mascomy  pond.  It  then  discharges  the  waters  of 
the  pond  into  Connecticut  river. 

Mascontin,  r.  Illinois,  which  empties  into  the 
Wabash,   between  Vincennes  and  Fort  Harrison. 

Mascov/:}ie,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into 
the  river  St.  John  about  12  miles  before  the  latter 
joins  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Mascoury,  Point,  de,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  St. 
Domingo.     Lon.  71°  10'  W.  Lat.  19°  45'  N. 

Mas  d'Aire,  Le,  v.  France,  in  Landes,  near 
Aire. 

Mas  d'Azil,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  25  m.  W. 
Mircpoix.     Pop.  2,500. 

Maseyck,  or  Maaseyk,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 


MAS 

burg,  on  the  Maese,  9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ruremonde. 
Pop.  3,400. 

Masham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  20m.  from  York. 
Lon.  r  39'  W.  Lat.  54"  13'  N.     Pop.  1,014. 

Mash'pee.     See  Marshpee. 

Maside,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  130° 
35'  E.  Lat.  7"  25'  S. 

Masina,  kingdom,  Central  Africa,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Niger.  It  pays  tribute  to  the  king  of 
Bambarra. 

Maskeline,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coaat  of 
America.     Lat.  54°  4'  N. 

Maskelyne's  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
ofi" Mallicollo  island.  Lon.  1 67°  59'  E.  Lat.  1 6°  32'  S. 

Maskitionge,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  int» 
the  St.  Lawrence  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  St.  Pe- 
ter. 

Maskinonge,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  Lake  St.  Peters,  24  m.  W.  Three-Riv- 
ers. 

Mason,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  34  m.  S.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  1,077. 

Mason,  CO.  Va.  Pop.  1,991.  Slaves,  249.  Chief 
town,  Point  Pleasant. 

Mason,  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  12,469. 
Slaves,  2,423.     Chieftown,  Maysville. 

Mason,  t.  Pike  co.  Missouri. 

Mason  hall,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

Masonsville,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  W. 
Delhi,  8  E.  Bainbridge. 

Masovia,  a  palatinate  of  the  interior  of  Poland, 
bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Vistula,  S.  by  the  pala- 
tinates of  Sendomir  and  Kalisch,  and  W.  by  Prus- 
sian Poland.  Area,  4,630  square  miles.  Fop. 
318,000.     Warsaw  is  the  capital. 

Masow,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  9  m.  N.  Stut- 
gard.     Pop.  1,200. 

Masques.     See  Chilquts. 

Massa,  t  Itgily,  cap.  ofthe  duchy  of  Massacaran, 
on  the  Frigido,  2  m.  from  the  Mediterranean,  30  N. 
by  W.  Leghorn,  50  S.  by  W.  Modena.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Massa,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  40  m.  S.  E.  Leg- 
horn. 

Massabesick  pond,  N.  H.  chiefly  in  the  township 
of  Chester.  It  is  about  3  miles  long,  and  contains 
1,512  acres. 

Massac,  Fort,  an  old  French  fort  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Ohio,  just  below  the  mouth  ofthe  Tennes- 
see.    Lat.  37°  15'  N. 

Massa-Carrara,  duchy  in  the  central  part  of  Ita- 
ly, on  the  S.  side  of  the  Appennines,  and  inclosed 
by  Modena,  Tuscany,  Lucca,  and  the  Mediterra- 
nean. It  is  composed  ofthe  principalities  of  Mas- 
sa and  Carrara,  and  the  lordship  of  Carfagnara. 
Extent,  320  square  miles.  Pop.  38,000.  Its  moun- 
tains, from  the  base  to  the  summit,  are  composed 
almost  entirely  of  beautiful  marble.     See  Modena. 

Masmcchio,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state, 
20  rn.  AV  by  S.  Ancona. 

Massachusetts,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N. 
by  Vermont  and  New-Hampshire  ;  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic ;  S.  by  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut ;  and 
W.  by  New- York.  It  lies  between  41°  23'  and  43* 
52'  N.  lat.  and  between  69°  50'  and  73°  10'  W.  lon. 
It  contains  7,250  square  miles,  or  4,644,000 
acres.  It  is  divided  into  14  counties,  and  290 
towns.  Pop.  in  1790,  378,787;  in  1800,  422,845; 
in  1810,  472,040 ;  andin  1820,  521,72.5.  It  has  on 
an  average  72  persons  to  each  square  mile,  and  is 
the  most  thickly  settled  state  in  the  Union.  Many 
thousand  persons  emigrate  every  year  to  othcir 
States. 


MAS 


MAT 


445 


There  are  several  ranges  of  mountains  which 
eome  from  Vermont  and  New-Hampshire,  and 
run  across  the  western  part  of  the  State  into 
Connecticut.  To  the  east  of  these  mountains 
the  country  is  hilly,  except  in  the  southern 
counties,  where  it  is  level  and  sandy.  On  the  sea 
coast  the  land  is  generally  poor,  particularly  in 
the  S.  E.  The  rest  of  the  State  has  generally  a 
strong,  good  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing  and  grain. 
The  vallics  of  the  Connecticut  and  the  Housaton- 
nuc,  especially,  have  a  fine  soil,  and  embrace  many 
flourishing  and  pleasant  towns.  In  no  State  in  the 
Union  have  greater  advances  been  made  in  agri- 
culture, than  in  Massachusetts.  The  principal 
productions  are  grass,  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat, 
oats,  and  potatoes.  Apples  are  abundant,  and 
large  quantities  of  cider  are  made  annually.  Beef, 
pork,  butter  and  cheese,  are  also  abundant  and  of 
excellent  quality.  Among  the  minerals  are  iron 
ore,  which  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  Bristol 
and  Plymouth  counties  ;  and  marble,  quarries  of 
which  have  been  opened  in  Stockbridge,  and  other 
towns  of  Berkshire  county.  At  Chelmsford  and 
Tyngsborough,  near  the  banks  of  the  Middlesex 
canal,  great  quantities  of  beautiful  granite  are 
found,  which  is  much  used  for  building  in  Bos- 
ton. 

The  citizens  of  Massachusetts  are  highly  distin- 
guished for  the  liberality  with  which  they  support 
literary  and  benevolent  institutions.  The  princi- 
pal literary  institutions  are  Harvard  University 
at  Cambridge,  the  Theological  Seminary  in  Ando- 
ver,  Williams'  college  in  Williamstown,  and  Phil- 
lips' Academy,  in  Andover.  There  are  nu- 
merous other  academies,  and  common  schools  are 
universally  established.  The  Congregationalists 
are  much  more  numerous  than  any  other  religious 
denomination.  In  1817,  they  had  366  congrega- 
tions ;  the  Baptists,  91  ;  Friends,  32  ;  Episcopa- 
lians, 14 ;  Presbyterians,  8  ;  there  are  also  a  few 
Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics. 

Massachusetts  is  the  third  state  in  the  Union  in 
amount  of  manufactures.  The  value  in  1810,  was 
$21,895,528.  The  principal  articles  were  cotton 
goods,  articles  of  leather,  ardent  spirits,  coVdnge, 
wrought  and  cast  iron,  nails,  woollen  goods,  ships, 
straw  bonnets,  and  hats.  In  amount  of  shipping, 
Massachusetts  is  the  first  State  in  the  Union.  In 
1815,  before  Maine  was  separated,  the  number  of 
ton's  was  452,273,  which  was  about  one  third  of 
the  whole  shipping  of  the  United  States.  No  State 
is  so  extensively  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  In  ma- 
ny, ^^oulous  towns  on  the  sea-coast,  a  lai^e  pro- 
portion of  the  inhabitants  derive  their  subsistence 
ent'.-'^ly  from  this  employment.  The  principal 
exports  are  fish,  beef,  lumber,  pork,  ardent  spir- 
its, whale  oil,  and  various  manufactures.  The 
value  of  the  exports  for  the  year  end  ing Sept.  3nth, 
1820,  was  $11,008,922,  of  which  $7,147,487  was 
foreign  produce. 

Massarhitsetls  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  coast  of 
the  U.  States,  between  Cape  Ann  on  the  north,  and 
Cape  Cod  on  the  south. 

Massacre  island,  small  isl.  in  the  jrulf  of  Mexico, 
on  the  coast  of  Alabama,  2  m.  E.  Horn  island,  10 
from  the  main  land. 

Masso  de  Lombardi,  t.  Ralv,  in  the  Ecclesiasti- 
cal statf>,  24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ferrara. 

Massa  Fiscaglia,  t.'  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
State,  l*^  m.  E.  Ferrara. 

X'Ois.fra.  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  OTranto,  9  m. 
N.  W.  Tarento.    Pop.  7,000, 


MassafuerOj  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  279°  26'  E. 
Lat.  33°  49'  S. 

Massagong,  small  island  iu  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  100"  5'  E.  Lat.  3°  8'  S. 

Massa  Licbrense,  or  Massa  di  Sorento,  t.  Naples, 
on  the  coast.  13  m.  S.  by  E.  Naples.  Pop.  2,700. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Massapa,  t.  Mocaranga,  in  Africa,  230  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Sofala. 

Massasinway,  r.  Indiana,  which  unites  with 
Little  River  at  Fort  Tecumseh  to  form  the  Wa- 
bash 

Massbach,  t.  Bavaria,  9  m.  N.  Schweinfurt.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Massena,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence.     Pop.  600. 

Masserano,  t.  Piedmont,  40  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turin. 
Pop.  3,600. 

Masseube,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  10  m.  S.  E.  Mi- 
rande.     Pop.  1,400. 

Massiac,  t.  France,  in  Catal,  16  m.  N.  by  E.  St. 
Flour.     Pop.  1,600. 

Mnssie's  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Little 
Miami  in  Green  county. 

Mnssilargues,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  16  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  3,000. 

Massingales,  p-v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 

Massingano,  or  Massagano,  t.  Africa,  in  Angola, 
100  m.  E.  S.  E.  Loanda.  Lon.  14°  40'  E.  Lat.  9° 
54' S. 

Mastassin,  Lake,  lake  of  N.  America,  at  the 
head  of  Rupert's  river,  which  falls  into  James* 
bay.    It  is  about  200  miles  in  circumference. 

Mastre,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Tournon.     Pop.  1,500. 

Masvaux,  or  Mauennuster,  t.  France,  in  Uppetr 
Rhine,  10m.  N.  E.  Belfort.     Pop.  2,200. 

Masuah,  the  principal  seaport  of  Abyssinia,  sit- 
uated upon  an  island,  separated  from  the  continent 
by  a  narrow  channel.  It  is  subject  to  the  Turks. 
Its  intercourse  is  chiefly  with  Mocha  and  Jidda, 
and  the  imports  consist  chiefly  of  spices,  piece 
goods,  lead,  iron,  copper,  tin,  cotton,  and  Europe- 
an manufactures.  The  exports  are  rhinoceros' 
horns,  gold,  ivory,  honey,  slaves,  and  wax.  The 
governor  demands  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  on  all 
imports  and  exports.  Lon.  39°  37'  E.  Lat.  15* 
34'  N. 

Masulipatam,  s-p.  Hind,  in  the  northern  circars, 
celebrated  for  the  fineness  and  brilliant  colour  oi 
its  cotton  cloths,  called  chintz.  It  carries  on  con- 
siderable traffic  with  China,  Pegue,  Bengal,  Per- 
sia, and  Arabia.  Its  harbour  will  admit  vessels  of 
300  tons,  and  is  the  only  good  port  on  the  coast  of 
Coromandel.  It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1759, 
and  is  now  the  residence  of  the  judge,  collector, 
&c.  of  the  district.  Lon.  81"  10'  E.  Lat.  16" 
10'  N. 

Masivey,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80°  40'  E.  Lat. 
27°  4'  N. 

Mata,  La,  s-p,  Spain,  in  Valencia,  22  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Alicant. 

Mata,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea,  in  lat.  19°  30'  S. 

Mataboon,  small  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  Archipelago. 
Lon.  120°  ll'E.  Lat.  5°2'N. 

Mataca,  or  Malanra,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cu- 
ba, 36  m.  from  the  Havannah. 

Matagoda,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat. 
31°  S. 

Matagorda,  a  fort  on  the  bay  of  St.  Joseph,  in 
the  province  of  Texa",  built  by  La  Salle,  wh* 


446 


MAT 


M  A  U 


landed  here  in  1685.  This  place  was  the  resort 
of  pirates  in  1817.     Lon.  97°  50'  W.  Lat.  29°  N. 

Matajes,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Pacific  ocean 
in  lat.  1°  22'  N. 

Matala,  CapCy  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Candia,  in 
the  Mediterranean.  Lon.  24"  54'  E.  Lat.  34° 
48' N. 

Matamba,  country  of  S.  W.  Africa,  in  the  inte- 
rior, behind  Congo  and  Angola. 

Matanca,  or  Manances,  a  short  and  broad  river  of 
Florida,  which  falls  into  the  ocean  S.  of  St.  Augus- 
tine. 

Mafaiichet,  t.  Mejfico,  on  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  105°  24'  W.  Lat.  20"  45'  N. 

Matan&,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawifence,  near  its  mouth, 

Malanzas,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  60  m.  from 
Havaunah.  Lon.  81°  30' W.  Lat  23°  3' N.  It  has 
a  large  and  safe  harbour. 

Matapan,  Cape,  or  Caglia,  (an.  Tamarium 
Promontorium.,)  the  S.  point  of  the  Morea,  in 
Greece,  and  of  the  main  land  of  Europe.  Lon. 
22°  20'  E.  Lat.  36°  34'  N. 

Maiapediach,  Lake,  Lower  Canada,  the  source 
of  Ristigouche  river. 

Malaria,  v.  Egypt,  a  little  S.  of  the  ruins  of  the 
ancient  On,  or  Heliopolis.  On  the  20th  March, 
1800,  a  bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
French  and  the  Turks.     5  m.  N.  E.  Cairo. 

jyiataro,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  20  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Barcelona.  The  manufactures  are  calico,  laces, 
silk  and  cotton  stockings,  silk  stuflfs  and  velvets, 
ribbons  and  silk  twist ;  also  canvas  and  leather. 
Bay  salt  is  collected  along  the  shore  ;  and  the 
neighbourhood  affords  wine  and  brandy  for  ex- 
port. Pop.  in  1770,  10,000  ;  now  25,000.  Lon. 
2°28'E.  Lat.  41°32'N. 

Mataiai  Bay,  bay  of  Otaheite .  Lon.  149°  36' 
W.  Lat.  17°  29'  S. 

Mataiai,  Point,  cape  on  the  island  of  Otaheite. 
Lon.  210°  22'  E.  Lat.  17"  29'  S. 

Matas,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia. 
Lat.  45°  S. 

Matched<uh,  or  Severn  River,  r.  Upper  Canada, 
which  runs  into  the  Matchedash  bay,  at  the  E.  end 
of  Lake  Huron. 

Matelica,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  30 
m.  S.  W.  Ancona.     Pop.  6,000. 

Matembo,  small  isl,  one  of  the  Querimbas,^  near 
the  E.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  12"  S. 

Matera,  t.  Naples,  capital  of  Basilicata.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  6  convents. 
Pop.  12,400.  35  m.  W.  N.  W.  Tarentum.  Lon. 
16°  35' E.  Lat.  40°  51' N. 

Materborn,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Cleves  and 
Berg,  near  Cleves.     Pop.  1,500. 

Matheo,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Scio.     Lon.  25°  58'  E.  Lat.  38"  13'  N. 

Matherstown,  t.  Ashtabula  co,  Ohio. 

Mathieu,  t.  P" ranee,  in  Upper  Vienne,  12  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Junier.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mathura,  Cpronounced  M-uflra,)  t.  Hind,  in  Ag- 
ra, much  venerated  by  the  Hindoos  as  the  birth- 
place of  their  favourite  deity,  Krishen.  It  is  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Jumna,  and  is  one  continued 
street  of  temples,  and  stone  stairs  descending  to  the 
riverside,  for  the  convenience  of  the  innumerable 
pilgrims  who  come  from  all  parts  of  India  to  pay 
their  devotions  at  the  shrine  of  the  deity,  and 
bathe  in  its  waters,  f  I  was  taken  without  opposi- 
tion in  1803,  by  tlie  British,  and,  with  the  greater 
part  of  the  province,  remains  in  their  possession. 
Lon.  80°  40'  E.  Lat.  27°  32'  Nw 


Matia,  isl.  ni  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  147'  68' 
W,  Lat.  15"48'S. 

Matilda,  t.  Dundas  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  St. 
Lawrence. 

Matilda,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  the  Potomac,  near 
the  Great  fall. 

Matin,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  tlie  St. 
Lawrence,  150  m.  below  Quebec. 

Matina,  r,  S.  America,  which  divides  Veragua 
from  Costa  Rica,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic. 

Matinicus,  islands  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  S.  of 
the  entrance  into  Penobscot  bay.  Lon.  68°  20' 
W.  Lat.  43°  56'  N. 

Matlock,  V.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  on  the  Derwent., 
chiefly  celebrated  for  its  hot  springs.  7  m.  N. 
Derbv,  144  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  34'  W.  Lat. 
53"  7'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Mato  Grosso,  a  very  extensive  province  or  cap- 
itania,  in  the  western  part  of  Brazil.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  main  ridge  of  the  Brazilian  Andes, 
which  separates  the  rivers  that  run  S.  to  the  Plata, 
from  those  that  run  in  an  opposite  direction  to  the 
Amazon. 

Matoon  Harbour,  harbour  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia.     Lon.  64°  45'  W.  Lat.  44"  N. 

Matour,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  19  m. 
W,  Macon.     Pop.  1,250. 

Matschewice,  t.  Poland,  32  m.  E.  Warsaw. 

Matsmai,  t.  cap.  of  the  island  of  Jesso,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  island.  It  is  in  possession  of  the 
Japanese.     Pop.  50,000. 

Matsua.     See  Masuah. 

Matialuck,  r.  Connecticut,  which,  at  Waterbu- 
ry  takes  the  name  of  Naugatuck. 

Mai  tarn  ushett,  p-v.  Hyde  co.  N.  C. 

Muiiapony,  r.  Va.  which  rises  in  Spotsylvania 
CO.  and  running  S,  E.  joins  the  Pamunky  at  Dela- 
ware, to  form' York  river.  It  admits  loaded  flats 
to  Downer's  bridge,  70  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Matthews,  co.  Va.  on  the  W.  side  of  Chesapeake 
bay.  Pop.  4,227.  Slaves,  2,068.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Muttituck,  p-v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

Matty's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  143"  21 ' 
E.  Lat.  1°  46'  S. 

Matuaro,  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New  Zeal- 
and.   Lon.  156°  28'  E.  Lat.  35°  S. 

Matura,  t.  and  fortress  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
Ceylon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Melipu,  with  a  har- 
bour for  small  vessels.  The  Wesleyan  Methodists 
have  missionaries  and  schools  here.  In  the  vicin- 
ity there  is  a  celebrated  temple  of  Boodh,  100  ra. 
S.  E.  Colombo.     Lon.  80°  E.  Lat.  5"  52'  N. 

Matwar,  district.  Hind,  between  21°  and  22°  N. 
lat. 

Mava,  r.  W,  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
near  Cape  Monte. 

Maubeuge,  t.  France,  on  the  Sambre.  It  is 
fortified,  and  well  built ;  and  has  a  manufaj:;- 
ture  of  arms  which  employs  from  4  to  500  work- 
men.    1.3  m.  S,  Mons.     Pop.  4,800. 

Maubourguet,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  on 
the  Adour,  16  m.  N.  Tabres.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mauchline,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  10  m.  E. 
Ayr.     Pop.  1,(.)00. 

Mavealnahar.     See  Bukharia. 

Maufi/z  Bunder,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Northern  Circars. 
Lon.  84°  E.  Lat.  18"  17' N. 

Maug,  or  Tunas,  or  St.  Lawrence,  one  of  the 
smaller  of  the  Ladrone  islands. 

Maugerville,  t.  Sunburv  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
St.  John's  river,  30  m.  ybovc  Bellislo. 


M  A  U 

Maiiguio,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  6  m.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  1,600. 

Maule,  a  province  of  Chili,  extending  from  the 
Andes  to  the  ocean.  Pop.  12,000.  The  capital 
IS  Talca,  or  St.  Augustin,  in  lat.  34°  47'  S. 

Maule,  r.  Chili,  which  enters  the  Pacific  ocean, 
in  lat.  34"  60' S. 

Mauleon,  t.  France,  21  m.  W.  by  S.  Pau.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Maumee,  or  Miami  bay,  bay  at  the  W.  end  of 
Lake  Erie.  It  is  about  12  miles  wide,  and  sets  up 
12  or  15  miles  in  the  Territory  of  Michigan.  Its 
entrance  is  6  miles  wide. 

Maumee,  or  Miami  of  the  Lake,  r.  Ohio,  is  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  the  St.  Joseph's  and  the  St.  Ma- 
ry's, at  Fort  Wayne,  and  after  a  N.  E.  course  of 
120  miles,  enters  Maumee  bay,  in  Lake  Erie.  It 
is  navigable  throughout  its  course,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  shoals  extending  15  miles,  and  ter- 
minating 3  miles  from  its  mouth.  Below  the 
shoals  is  a  valuable  fishery. 

Mauperilus,  v.  France,  in  La  Vienne,  near  Poi- 
tiers. 

Maura,  or  Mobidie,  the  smallest  of  the  Society 
Islands,  about  14  or  15  miles  in  circuit. 

Maure,  t.  France,  in  ille-and-Vila.ine,  25  m.  S. 
W.  Rennes.     Pop.  4,100. 

Maurens,  v,  France,  in  Dordogne,  2  m.  from 
Bergeac.     Pop.  1,300. 

Maurepas,  lake,  Louisiana,  which  is  connected 
by  the  Ibberville  with  the  river  Mississippi,  and 
communicates  by  an  outlet  of  7  miles  with  Lake 
Ponchartrain.  It  is  10  miles  long  and  7  broad, 
and  has  12  feet  water. 

Maurepas.     See  Isles  de  Madam. 

Mauriac,t.  France,  in  Cantal,  on  the  Dordogne, 
36  m.  VV.  N.  W.  St.  Flour.     Pop.  2,600. 

Maurice,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into  Delaware  bay 
in  Cumberland  county.  It  is  navigable  20  miles 
for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

Maurice,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.      Pop.  2,085. 

Maurienne,  province  of  the  Sardinian  States, 
in  Savoy.  Pop.  54,500.  St.  Jean  de  Maurienne 
u  the  capital. 

Mauripida,  one  of  the  Laccadive  islands.  Lon. 
72"  21' E.  Lat.  lO^SS^N. 

Mauritius,  or  Isle  of  France,  isl.  in  the  In- 
dian sea,  150  miles  in  circumference,  about  600  m. 
E.  of  Madagascar.  About  the  middle  of  the  last 
century  it  was  fortified,  and  rendered  the  chief 
naval  station  of  the  French  in  the  Indian  seas.  It 
preserved  its  importance  even  after  Britain  had 
annihilated  the  French  power  on  the  continent  of 
India,  and  became  then  a  grand  privateering  sta- 
tion against  the  India  shipping.  It  was  calculated 
at  Calcutta  that,  in  ten  years,  prizes  to  the  value 
of  2,500,000^.  had  been  taken  and  carried  into 
Mauritius.  In  1810,  it  was  taken  by  the  English, 
and  may  now  be  considered  as  permanently  attach- 
ed to  the  British  dominions.  The  orange,  pine- 
apple, and  othertropical  fruits,  grow  in  the  highest 
perfection.  It  contains  iron  mines,  the  produce 
of  which  finds  a  market  in  India.  Mauritius  pro- 
duces little  grain,  or  any  other  useful  vegetable 
except  the  {)otatoe.  It  depends  for  provisions  al- 
most entirely  upon  Bourbon.  The  exports  consist 
of  coffee,  a  great  part  of  which  is  produced  in 
Bourbon,  to  the  average  annual  amount  of 
60,0000  lbs.;  cotton,2,000  bales ;  indigo  300,000  lbs.; 
raw  siigar,5,000,000  lbs.;  cloves,  20,000  lbs.  Pop.  in 
1790,  estimated  at  8,000  whites,  and  12,000  blacks. 
In  1807,  according  to  an  official  statement,  the 
whole  number  was    70,000.     I'he  blacks  have 


MAY 


447 


been  imported  as  slaves  from  Madagascar.  The 
London  Society  have  a  missionary  here.  Lon.  57" 
16'E.  Lat.  40"1'N. 

Maurizio,  Cape,  cape  of  Italy,  in  the  bay  of  Na- 
ples,    Lon.  IS'*  37'  E.  Lat.  40"  1'  N. 

Mauron,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  4  m.  N.  Ploer- 
mel.     Pop.  4,200. 

Maurs,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  22  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ah- 
rillac.     Pop.  2,100. 

Maurua,  one  of  the  smaller  of  the  Society  isl- 
ands.    Lon.  152°  35'  W.  Lat.  16°  26'  S. 

Maury,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  Duck  river. 
Pop.  10,359.  Slaves,  2,626.  Chief  town,  Columbia. 

Maussane,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
11  m.  S.  E.  Tarascon.     Pop.  1,500. 

Mauvaise  terre,  or  Yellow  banks,  an  elevated  spot 
in  Illinois,  on  the  E.  side  of  Illinois  river,  80  miles 
by  the  stream  from  :ts  mouth. 

Mauves,  t  France,  in  Orne,  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bel- 
lesme.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mauvesin,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  17  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Auch.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mauze,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  14  m.  S.  W, 
Niort.     Fop.  1,600. 

Mawdesley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Chorley.     Pop.  744. 

Mawri.     See  Mource. 

Maxatany,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,630. 

Maxen,  v.  Saxony,  10  m.  S.  Dresden. 

May,  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  mouth  of  the  frith  of 
Forth. 

May,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  N.  J.  the  N.  cape  at 
the  entrance  of  Delaware  bay.  Lon.  74°  56'  W. 
Lat.  39°  N. 

May,  Le,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  5  m-. 
N.  ChoUet.     Pop.  2,800. 

May,  Point,  point  of  the  peninsula  between 
Fortune  and  Placentia  bays,  on  the  S.  side  of  New- 
foundland. 

Mayacari,  r.  Guiana,  whicl/  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lon.  51°  46'  W.  lat.  2°  11'  N. 

Mayaguana,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  24  miles 
long.  Lon.  72°  15' to  72°  30' E.  Lat.  22°  32' to  22" 
44' N. 

Mayahoon,  or  Loonzay,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the 
W\  bank  of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  120  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Rangoon. 

Mayamba.     See  Mayomba. 

Maybole,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  18  m.  S.  Ayr. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Macaywini,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
laiitic,  in  lon.  58°  26'  W.  lat.  6"  35'  N. 

Mayen,  i.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower  Rhine, 
15  m.  W.  Coblentz.     Pop.  2,200. 

Mayenfeld,  t.  Switz.  in  the  Grison  colmtiy,  on 
the  Rhine,  22  m.  S.  by  E.  Appenzel.     Pop.  900. 

Mayenne,  department  in  the  N.  W.  of  PVance, 
bounded  by  the  departments  of  the  Orne,  Sartho, 
Maine,  and  Loire.  Extent,  2,000  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
332,253.     Laval  is  the  capital. 

Mayenne,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  on  the  river 
Mayenne,  165  m.  W.  by  S.  of  Paris.  Lon.  0°  37' 
1"W.    Lat.  48°  18' 4"  N.     Pop.  9,100. 

Mayenne,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Loire 
a  little  below  Angers. 

Mayet,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  15  m.  S.  Le  Mans. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Mayet  de  Montagne,  t.  France,  in  AUier,  42  m. 
S.E.  Moulins.     Pop.  1,500. 

Mavjidd,  t.  Montsromery  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  E, 
Johnstown,  40  N.  W":  Albany.    Pop.  2,065. 

Mayhtw,  one  of  the  stations  of  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners   for   Foreign  Missions 


448 


M  A  Z 


among  the  Choctaws,  established  in  1820.  It  is 
on  the  Ook-tib-be-ha  creek,  12  m.  above  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Tombigbee.  In  March,  1821,  ten 
buildings  for  various  purposes  had  been  erected, 
70  acres  of  excellent  land  inclosed,  and  prepara- 
tions made  for  a  school,  to  commence  in  autumn. 
Lon.  88"  15'  W.    Lat.  33"  20'  N. 

Maj/nas.     See  Mainas. 

Maynbcmheim,  t.  Bavaria,  14  m.  E.  S.  E.  Wurz- 
feurg.     Pop.  1,550. 

Mayne,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Lough 
Neagh,  1  m.  S.  Randalstovirn. 

Maynesborough,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  14  m.  E.  Lan- 
caster. 

Miiynooth,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kildare  co.  12  m.  W. 
by  N.  Dublin. 

Mayo,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  the  province  of 
Connaught,  bounded  S.  by  Galway,  W.  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  N.  by  Sligo,  and  E.  by  Roscom- 
mon. Extent,  1,270,144  acres,  or  1,984  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  estimated  at  140,000,  of  whom  not  more  than 
1,750  are  Protestants. 

MayOf  V.  Ireland,  in  Mayo  co.  9  m.  S.  E.  Castle- 
bar. 

Mayo,  one  of  the  Cape  de  Verde  Islands,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa.  The  only  valuable  commodity 
which  it  produces  is  salt.  30  m.  S.  Bonavista. 
Lon.  23°  8'  W.    Lat.  15°  10'  N. 

Mayomba,  s-p.  Loango,  in  Africa.  Lon.  10"  24' 
E.    Lat.  3°  45' S. 

Mai/or,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast 
of  iVew  Zealand.    Lon.  183"  31'  E.    Lat.  36°  57'  S. 

Mayor,  Cape,  promontory  on  tlie  N.  coast  of 
Spain.    Lon.  3°  46' W.    Lat.  43°  29' N. 

Mayorga,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  67  m.  N. 
Lisbon. 

Mayorga,  called  also  Howe's  islands,  a  cluster 
of  three  or  four  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
179°  52' E.    Lat.  18°38'S. 

Mayolta,  one  of  the  Comorra  islands,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Africa.     Lon.  45°  14' E.    Lat,  12'^  52' S. 

Maypo,  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific,  in 
lat.  33°  26'  N. 

Maypurg,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lon.  51°  46'  E.  lat.  2°  10'  N. 

Mayres,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  2  m.  from  Mazan. 
Pop.  1,300. 

May^s  landing,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

May's  lick,  p-v.  Mason  co.  Ken.  9  miles  S.  W. 
Washington. 

Maysville,  p-t.  and  cap .  of  Mason  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  66  m.  above  Cincinnati,  63  N.  E.  Lexing- 
ton, 74  fr.  Chillicothe.  It  contains  about  400 
houses,  a  glass  factory  and  a  printing  office.  It  is 
the  principal  port  of  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  as 
Louisville  is  of  the  S.  W.  The  town  stands  on  a 
narrow  strip  of  land,  confined  by  hills,  which  rise 
abruptly  to  the  height  of  450  feet. 

Mayville,  p-v.  in  Chatauque,  and  cap.  of  Cha- 
tauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Chatauque  lake,  70  m.  S.  W. 
Buffalo. 

Mayzi,  the  E.  cape  of  Cuba,  and  the  W.  point 
of  the  windward  passage.  Lon.  74°  15'  30"  W. 
Lat.  20°  19'  30"  N. 

Mazagan,  s-p.  Morocco.  Lon.  8°  46'  W.  Lat. 
32°  54'  N. 

Mazagong,  t.  Hind,  on  the  island  of  Bombay, 
principally  inhabited  by  descendants  from  the 
Portuguese. 

Mazamet,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  S.  E.  Cas- 
tres.     Pop.  5,500, 

Mazan,  t.  France,  in  Vaiichi?e,  16  m.  N.  E. 
\vignon.     Pop.  3,300. 


M  E  A 

Mazan,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  28  m.  N.  W, 
Viviers.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mazanderan,  a  province  of  Persia,  along  the  S. 
shore  of  the  Caspian  sea,  having  Ghilan  on  tlie 
W.  Khorassan  on  the  E.  and  Irak  on  the  S. 

Mazatlan,  t.  Mexico,  in  Sonora.  Lon.  106°  46' 
W.    Lat.  23°  15' N. 

Mazatlan,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  in  lat.  23°  15'  N. 

Maze,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  13  m.  E. 
Angers.     Pop.  3,000. 

Mazeira,  isl.  near  theE.  coast  of  Arabia,  60  miles 
long,  and  8  broad.    Lon.  59°  40'  E.    Lat  20°  35'  N. 

Mazpres  en  Foix,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  13  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Mirei.oix.     Pop.  2,600. 

Maziera.     See  Mazeira. 

Mazieres,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  6  m.  from  Con- 
folens.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mazoires,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  2  m.  from 
Mercoeur.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mazorno,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Po,  22  m.  3- 
Venice.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mazounah,  v,  Algiers,  in  Tlemsan,  on  the  SheU , 
lif,  30  m.  S.  Mustyganim. 

Mazula,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat  8°  5'  S. 

Maszara,  t,  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Mazzara,  45  m. 
S.  W.  Palermo.     Lon.  12°  28'  E.    Lat.  37°  46'  N. 

Mazzara,  Valdi,  oneof  the  three  provinces  into 
which  Sicily  is  divided,  comprising  the  W.  of  the 
island.  Extent,  4,700  sq.  miles.  Pop.  650,000. 
The  capital  is  Palermo. 

Meachegong,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrawud- 
dy,  30  m.  N.  Prome. 

Meaco,  a  great  city  of  Niphon,  in  Japan,  for- 
merly the  metropolis  of  the  whole  empire.  It  i» 
still  the  ecclesiastical  capital,  and  the  residence  of 
the  dairo,  or  spiritual  sovereign.  It  is  in  a  spa- 
cious plain,  inclosed  by  a  circuit  of  high  moun- 
tains, and  almost  entii'ely  formed  into  fine  gar- 
dens, interspersed  with  temples,  monasteries, 
mausoleums,  and  watered  by  numerous  rivulets. 
Pop.  more  than  500,000.  Meaco  is  the  centre  of 
all  the  literature  and  science  of  the  empire.  A 
number  of  the  finer  manufactures,  particularly 
Japan-work,  painting,  carving,  &c.  are  carried  on 
here  in  great  perfection.  Lon.  153°  30'  E,  Lat. 
35°  24'  N. 

Mead,  t,  Belmont  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  850«, 

Meadia,  t.  and  fortress  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Czerne,  12  m.  N.  Orsova,  and  52  S.  E.  of  Temes- 
var.     Lon.  21°  59'  E.   Lat.  45°  10'  N.    Pop.  1,400. 

Meadville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Crawford  co.  Penn.  on 
the  E.  side  of  French  creek,  25  m.  N.  W.  Frank- 
lin, 40  S.  of  Erie.  Lon.  80°  5'  W.  Lat.  41°  36' 
N.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  arsenal,  print- 
ing office,  Presbyterian  church,  and  150  dwelling- 
houses.  It  is  a  thriving  town,  and  turnpike  roads 
'.ire  in  progress  which  will  connect  it  with  Pitts- 
burg, Philadelphia  and  Erie.  Alleghany  college 
was  founded  here  in  1815.  A  building  was  com- 
menced in  the  summer  of  1820,  designed  to  ac- 
commodate 100  students.  The  whole  number  of 
students  yet  admitted  is  27.  The  library  is  valued 
at  6,000  dollars.  The  funds  of  the  institution  are 
yet  small,  but  have  recently  been  increased  by  a 
grant  of  5,000  dollars  from  the  Pennsylvania  legis- 
lature. 

Meangis  Isles,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
about  5°  N.  lat.  and  127°  E.  lon. 

Meanna,  t.  Azerbijan,  in  Persia,  60  m.  N.  W. 
Sultania, 


iM  E  C 

MeanreCf  t.  Hind,  in  Sinde,  on  the  Indus.  Lon. 
68°  21'  E.    Lat.  24"  44'  N. 

Meansville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  60  m.  N.  W. 
Wilkesbarre. 

Meao,  one  of  the  small  Molucca  islands.  Lon. 
127'*  3-  E.    Lat.  1°  V2'  N. 

Meari,  or  Mar i,  r.  Brazil,  which  flows  into  the 
«ulf  of  the  Amazons,  in  lon.  45"  30'  W.  Lat.  2°  40' 
S.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  160  leagues. 

Mearns.     See  Kineardineihire. 

Meath,  a  maritime  co.  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by 
Cavan,  Monaghan  and  Louth;  E.  by  the  Irish 
channel,  S.  by  Kildare,  and  W.  by  West  Meath. 
Extent,  526,700  acres.  It  consists  in  general  of  rich 
flat  pasture  land.  It  is  proverbial  for  cattle,  and 
supplies  not  only  Dublin,  but  England,  and  the 
north  of  Ireland.  Pop.  in  1792,  112,400:  the 
Catholics  are  to  Protestants  as  40  to  1. 

Meaux,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  32  m. 
N.  E.  Paris.  It  is  in  a  beautiful  plain  on  the 
Marne.  Lon.  2°  52'  E.  Lat.  48"  57'  N.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Mecca,  a  large  city  of  Arabia,  cap.  of  Iledsjas, 
and  celebrated  as  the  birth-place  of  Mahomet.  It 
is  situated  in  a  dry,  barren,  and  rocky  countr}", 
about  a  day's  journey  inland  from  the  Red  sea- 
Its  immediate  position  is  in  a  narrow  valley,  in- 
closed between  mountains.  It  is  entirely  su[)port- 
ed  by  the  concourse  of  pilgrims  from  every  part  of 
the  Mahometan  world,  extending  on  one  side  to 
the  frontier  of  China,  and  on  the  other  to  the  states 
on  the  Niger.  This  resort  is  now  greatly  dimin- 
ished, partly  in  consequence  of  the  decay  of  reli- 
gious zeal,  and  the  general  decline  of  power  and 
wealth  among  the  Mahometan  states ;  partly  also 
from  Mecca  being  continually  exposed  to  the  rude 
incursions  of  the  Wahabees.  The  population  is 
not  now  more  than  16,000  or  10,000.  Tlie  chief 
ornament  of  Mecca  is  the  famous  tsmple,  in  the 
interior  of  which  is  the  Kaaba,  or  house  of  the 
prophet.  The  grand  ceremony  through  which  the 
pilgrims  pass,  is  that  of  going  seven  times  round 
the  Kaaba.     Lon.  40°  15'  E.    Lat.  21"  18'  9"  N. 

Mecca,  s-p.  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic.  Lon.  9'* 
45' W.   Lat.  29°  45' S. 

Mechanic^,  v.  in  Washington,  Dutchess  co.  N. 
Y.  15i  m.  N.  Poughkeepsie.  Here  is  a  Quaker 
boarding-school.  'Phe  building  is  3  stories  high, 
and  accommodates  100  stiulents. 

Meckanicksburg,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Mechanickshurt!,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio,  11m. 
E.  Urbanna,  30  N.  W.  Columbus. 

Mechnnicksburg,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
river  Ohio,  23  m.  S.  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1815. 
115. 

MechanicksviUe,  p-v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 

Meckanicksville,  p-v.  Darlington  district,  S.  C. 

Mechanicktown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Mechden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  7  m.  N. 
Maestricht.     Pop.  1,000. 

Mechlin,  Mecheln,  (in  French  Malines,)  t.  Neth- 
erlands, on  the  Dyle.  The  manufactures  consist 
of  very  fine  Brabant  lace  and  linen,  besides  dam- 
ask, silk  and  woollen  stufis,  leather  and  hats.  At 
high  water,  vessels  of  considerable  draught  reach 
the  town  from  the  Scheldt.  It  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop.  13  m.  S.  by  E.  of  Antwerp,  and  13 
N.  bv  E.  Brussels.  Lon.  4°  29'  59"  E.  Lat.  51"  1' 
52"  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Mechoacan.     See  Valladolid, 

Meckenheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Berg-and- 
Cleves,  18  m.  S.  Cologne.     Poo.  1,000. 

57 


MED 


449 


Mecklenburg,  a  grand  duchy  in  the  N.  of  Ger^ 
toany,  bounded  N.  by  the  Baltic,  E.  by  Pomera- 
nia,  S.  by  Brandenburg,  and  VV.  by  Lubeck  and 
Luneburg.  Extent,  5,700  sqi  miles.  Pop.  430,000. 
It  abounds  in  lakes  and  forests,  and  has  several 
tracks  of  sandy  soil ;  but  is  on  the  whole  tolerably 
fertile.  The  religion,  both  of  the  government  and 
the  majority  of  the  people  is  the  Lutheran.  At 
present  the  house  of  Mecklenburg  is  divided  into 
two  lines,  Schwerin  and  Strelitz.  Both  received 
the  title  of  grand  duke  at  the  Congress  of  Vienna 
in  1815.  Ivlecklenburg-Schwerin  contains  4,900 
sq.  miles,  and  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  800.  See 
Germany. 

Mecklenburg,  v.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  2  m.  from  Wismar. 

Mecklenburg,  co.  Va.  bordering  on  N.  Carolina. 
Pop.  18,443.  Slaves,  10,264.  Chief  town,  Boyd- 
toi).     The  court-house  is  26  m.  fr.  Lunenburg. 

Mecklenburg,  co.  N.  C.  bordering  on  S.  Carolina. 
Pop.  14,272.  Slaves,  3,494.  Chief  town,  Char- 
lotte. 

Meckley.     See  Cassay  and  Munnipore. 

Meckmuhl,  t.  Wirtemburg,  on  the  Jaxt,  36  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Stutgard.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mecon,  river  of  Asia.     See  Cambodia. 

Mecran.     See  Mtkran. 

Medea,  t.  Algiers,  in  Africa,  32  m.  S.  W.  Al- 
giers. 

Media  el,  or  Mahdia,  s-p.  Africa,  80  m.  S.  Tunis. 

Medeba,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of  Reuben.  It  afterwards  belonged  to  the  Mo- 
abites. 

Medcllin,  (an.  Mctellinitm,)  t.  Spain,  in  Estra- 
madura,  on  the  Guadiana,  19  m.  E.  Merida.  Lon. 
5"  47'  W.    Lat.  38"  43'  N. 

Medelpad,  province  of  Sweden,  between  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia  and  the  province  of  Jamtland.  It 
is  100  miles  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth.  Pop. 
32,000. 

Medmblik,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  on 
the  Znyder  Zee,  28  m.  N.  bv  E.  Amsterdams 
Lon.  4' 60' E.    Lat.  .52"  49' N.   "Pop.  2,000. 

Medjield,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  9  m.  S.  W.  Ded- 
ham,  20  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  786. 

Medford,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Mystic 
river,  4  m.  N.  Boston.  Pop.  l,44i  It  contains 
several  distilleries,  and  brick-yards. 

Media,  in  Sac.  Geog.  country  of  Asia,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Caspian  sea.  Chief  town,  Eobatana. 
This  country  now  forms  the  N.  W.  part  of  Persia-j 
called  Azerbijan. 

Mediasch,  t.  Transylvania,  on  the  Cockel,  196 
m.  E.  Belgrade. 

Medicine,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  runs 
into  the  river  Missouri,  12  m.  above  the  Great 
Falls. 

Medina,  a  city  of  Arabia,  celebrated  as  contain- 
ing the  tomb  of  Mahomet.  Although  this  tomb  is 
held  in  high  veneration,  its  visitation  is  not  consid- 
ered in  any  very  high  degree  meritorious.  It  is  per- 
formed by  few,  unless  the  pilgrims  from  Syria,  in 
whose  way  it  happens  to  lie.  The  tomb  itself  is 
not  superior  to  those  which  the  founders  of  mosques 
usually  erect  to  perpetuate  their  own  momor}-. 
It  is  placed  between  two  others,  containing  the 
ashes  of  the  first  caliphs,  Abiibeker  and  Omar, 
The  building  which  incloses  it,  is  hung  with  silk, 
which  is  renewed  every  seven  years.  It  is  guard- 
ed by  forty  eunuchs.  The  mor-que  founded  hy  the 
prophet  is  said  to  be  very  magnificent,  being  sup- 
ported by  four  hundred  columns,  and  containing 
three  hundred  lamps,  always  burning.    Jambo.  oi  ^ 


4^0 


M  E  £ 


the  Red  sea,  serves  as  the  port  of  Medina.  176 
m.  N.Mecca.     Lon.  SQ^SS' E.   Lat.25"'N. 

Medina,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Woolly,  in  W. 
Africa.     Lou.  12"  50'  W.    Lat.  13°  38'  N. 

Medina,  t.  Africa,  in  Kasson.  Lon.  9°  15'  W. 
Lat.  14M5'  N. 

Medina,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast 
of  Africa.     Lat.  19°  45' N. 

Medina,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio.  Chief  town, 
^Medina.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Medina  Cell,  (an.  Arcobriga)  t.  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  84  m.  S.  W.  Saragossa.  Lon.  2°  15'  W. 
Lat.  41"  15'  N.     Pop.  1,200 

Medina  de  Las  Torres,  t.  Spain,  in  Estramadura, 
20  m.  W.  N.  W.  Llerena.     Pop.  2,000. 

Medina  del  Campo,  {Methymna  Campestris,)  t. 
?pain,  in  Leon,  37  m.  N.  W.  Segovia.  Lon.  6°  W. 
!-.at.  41°  23'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Medina  del  Rio  Seco,  i.  Spain,  in  Leon,  25  m. 
N\  W.  \^anadolid.  Lon.  4°  43'  W.  Lat.  42°  4'  N, 
Top.  8,000. 

Medina  Sidonia,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  22  m. 
S.  E.  Cadiz.  Lon.  5°  55'  W.  Lat.  36°  22'  N.  Pop. 
S.GOO. 

Mediterranean,  the  great  sea  which  forms  the 
Si.  boundary  of  Europe.  Its  length  from  E.  to  W. 
is  about  2,000  miles  ;  its  general  breadth  is  from 
400  to  500.  From  the  Black  sea  on  the  N.  E.  a 
.'trong  current  sets  regularly  into  the  Mediteri'a- 
nean.  In  the  straits  of  Gibraltar  the  middle* cur- 
rent flows  into  it  from  the  Atlantic,  while  along 
the  northern  and  southern  shores,  two  weaker 
currents  flow  in  a  contrary  direction.  This  sea 
differ?  greatly  from  the  ocean  in  its  tides,  which 
are  feeble  and  irregular.  Though  its  winds  are 
variable,  its  navigation  is  in  general  smooth  and 
easy. 

Medling,  or  Modling,  t.  Austria,  8  m.  S.  Vienna. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Medmann,  or  Me.ttmann,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Berg,  6  m.  E.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf.  Lon.  6°  43'  E. 
Lat.  51°  17'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mednci,  or  Cupper  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  ocean, 
at  the  extremity  of  Asiatic  Russia,  100  m.  from 
Bhering's  island. 

Medrosta,  lake,  Maine.  Lon.  68°  22'  W.  Lat. 
47°  66°  N.  It  is  the  source  of  Spey  river,  a  branch 
of  the  St.  Johns. 

Medvezci,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Nova  Zem- 
bla.     Lon.  GS  34'  E.  Lat.  77°  20'  N, 

Medway,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  mouth  of 
the  Thames,  at  Sheerness.  It  has  been  made  nav- 
igable to  Tunbridge. 

Medvay,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m.  S.  W. 
Dedham,  25  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,213. 

Meduay,  Geo.     See  Midway. 

Medyn,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kaluga,  92  m.  S.  W. 
:Sloscow.    Lon.  37"  51'  E.    Lat.  55"  N.     Pop.  800. 

Meegheoung-yay,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Ava,  on 
the  Irrawuddy.*    Lon.  94°  60'  E.  Lat.  19°  53'  N. 

Meelah,  t.  Algiers,  13  m.  N.  W.  Constantina. 

Meenas.     See  Jaj'gur. 

Meenees,  email  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago. 
Lon.  121"  35'  E.  Lat  6°  32'  N, 

Meerat,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  74°  14'  E. 
Lat.  26°  35' N. 

Meercoot,  t.  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon.  67° 
30'  E.  Lat.  33°  31'  N. 

Meerhoh,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  35  m. 
S.W.Fulda.     Pop.  1,000. 

Mcerho7tf,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Antwerp,  24  m.  N. 
E.Louvain.     Pop.  2,800. 


M  E  I 

Metrjamo,  t.  India,  in  Canara.  Lon.  74°  36'  E, 
Lat.  14"  27'  N. 

Meerka  Serai,  t.  Bengal,  in  Chittagong.  Lon 
4°  14' E.  Lat.  26"  35' N. 

Meerseyi,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  3  m.  N.E, 
Maestricht.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mees,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  17  m.  S. 
W.  Digne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Megantick,  lake,  Lower  Canada,  on  tl\e  borders- 
of  the  United  States.  It  is  one  of  the  lakes  from 
which  the  river  Chaudiere  rises.  It  is  9  miles 
long,  and  2  broad. 

Megara,  t.  Greece,  in  Corinth,  18  m,  W.  Ath- 
ens. 

Megen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  ou 
the  Maese,  15  m.  N.  E.  Bois  le  Duo. 

Megeve,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in  Savoy,  20  m.  S. 
E.  Bonneville.     Pop.  3,100. 

Meggat,  r.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries-shire,  which 
falls  into  the  Esk. 

Megiddo,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  belonging 
to  the  tribe  of  Manasseh. 

Mego,  or  Pulo  Mego,  small  isl.  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Sumatra.     Lon.  101"  5'  E.  Lat.  4°  S. 

Mehaine,  r.  Netherlands,  which  falls  into  the 
Mouse,  above  Huy. 

Mehallet  Kebeer,  city.  Lower  Egypt,  on  a  canai 
between  the  E.  and  W.  branches  of  the  Nile.  Lon- 
31°  24'  E.  Lat.  30°  50'  N. 

Melierrin,  r.  which  rises  in  Virginia,  and  run- 
ning into  N.  Carolina,  unites  with  the  Nottaway, 
7  m.  below  the  line,  to  form  the  Chowan  river. 

Mehindry,  r.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  which  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Cambay. 

Mehlsack,  t.  East  Prussia,  35  m.  S.Elbing,  42  S. 
W.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2,200. 

Meftringen,  or  Mohringen,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Augsburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mehun,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  12  m.  N.  W.  Bour- 
ges.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mehxcas,  district,  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  on  the  Pud- 
dar  river. 

Meidling,  t.  Austria,  10  m.  S.  by  W.  Vienna. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Meidun,  v.  Eg}'pt,  32  m.  S.  Cairo. 

Meie,  r.  Eng.  v/hich  falls  into  the  Severn,  aJ 
Shrewsbury. 

Meigle,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  12  m.  N.  W 
Dundee. 

Mrigs,  CO.  Oliio,  N.  of  Gallia  co. 

Meigs,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

Meigs  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Mus- 
kingum, 20  ni.  above  Marietta. 

Meigsville,  t.  Moi'gan  co.  Ohio. 

Meilen,  v.  Switz.  3  m.  S.  E.  Zurich.  Pop.  2,206. 

Meilhan,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  6  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Marmande.     Pop.  2,400. 

Meillonas,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  6  m.  N.  E.  Bourg. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Meimac,  or  Meyniac,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  9 
m.  W.  Ussel.     Pop.  3,000. 

Meinungen,  a  principality  in  the  interior  of 
Germany,  forming  the  territory  of  the  duke  ot 
Saxe-Meinuiigen.  Extent,  448  sq.  miles.  Pop, 
54,400.  Revenue,  C5,000Z.  It  consists  of  two 
districts,  situatpd  at  some  distance  from  each  oth- 
er. It  is  traversed  by  the  river  Werra,  has  ex- 
tensive fore.sts,  and  mines  of  iron,  coal,  and  cobalt. 

Meinungen,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Werra.  It  has 
been,  since  1081,  the  residence  of  the  dukes  of 
Saxe-Meinungen,  who  have  here  a  large  and  ele- 
gant ca.stle.  with  a  library,  a  cabinet  of  curiosi- 


MEL 


MEL 


\ufs,  and  a  depot  of  archives.  21  m.  N.  Scliwein- 
iuvt.     Pop.  4,200. 

Meise7iheim,  t.  Germany,  34  m.  N.  Deux-Ponts, 
30  W.  S.  W.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,800. 

Meisseih,  or  Mis7iia,  a  circle  of  Saxony,  extend- 
ing along;  both  sides  of  the  Elbe,  from  Bohemia  on 
tlie  S.  to  Prussian  Saxony  on  the  N.  Area,  1,600 
sq.  miles.  Pop.  298,000.  It  contains  the  princi- 
.pal  manufactures  of  Saxony,  ■whether  in  woollen, 
linen,  or  cotton,  and  is  one  of  the  most  populous, 
Hnd  best  cultivated  parts  of  the  Idngdom. 

Meissen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  at  the  junction 
of  the  IVIeissa.  It  is  well  known  for  its  porcelain 
manufacture.  15  m.  VV.  N.  W.  Dresden.  Pop, 
4,100. 

Mejerdah,  s-p.  Algiers,  42  ra.  W.  Tlemsan. 

Mejerdah,  r.  Africa,  the  Bagrada  of  the  an- 
cients, which  runs  through  the  W.  part  of  Tunis, 
and  along  the  borders  of  Algiers,  till  it  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  at  Porto  Farina. 

Mekekoan,  s-p.  Ommon,  in  Arabia,  on  the  Per- 
sian gulf,  45  m.  \V.  S.  W.  Julfa. 

Mekrarh,  a  province  of  Persia,  on  the  shore  of 
the  Indian  ocean.  On  the  E.  it  extends  to  the 
province  of  Scind,  in  Hindostan,  and  on  the  west 
and  north  it  has  Kerman  and  Seistan. 

MeladcUf  Melcda,  or  Melit,  small  isl.  Austria,  off 
the  coast  of  Dalmatia.  Pop.  2,0(,t0.  Lon.  17"  58' 
E.  Lat.  4:r  5'  N. 

Melada,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  N. 
of  Isola  Grossa.     Lou.  15"  56'  E.    Lat.  44°  35'  N. 

Melasso,  t.  Natolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  80  m.  S. 
Smyrna. 

Melaui.     See  Mellavoui. 

Melay,  or  Meslay,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  15  m. 
l3.  E.  Laval.     Pop.  1,300. 

J\Jelazzo,  or  Milazzo,  (an.  Mylcp,)  s-p.  Sicily,  in 
the  Val  di  Demona.  'The  trade  consists  in  the 
export  of  wine,  olives,  and  olive  oil,  and  is  car- 
ried on  chiefly  with  Marseilles,  Leghorn,  and  Ge- 
noa. Pop.  6,000.  20  m.  W.  Messina,  100  E.  Pa- 
lermo.    Lon.  15°  23'  E.  Lat.  38°  16'  N. 

Melbourne,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  St.  Francis,  50  m.  S.  by  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Melcombe  Regis,  borough  and  t.  Eng.  in  Dorset- 
shire, at  the  mouth  of  the  Wey,  opposite  Wey- 
mouth. It  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  Pop. 
2,350. 

Melk,  Mnlk,  or  Moelck,  L  Austria,  half  way  be- 
tween Lintz  and  Vienna. 

Meldorf,  or  Meldorp,  t.  Denmark,  50  m.  N.  W. 
Hamburgh.  Lon.  9°  4'  E.  Lat.  54°  10'  N.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Meldrum,  Old,  t.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire, 
I7i  m.  N.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Melenki,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  68  m.  S.  E.  Vladimir. 
Lon.  29°  41'  E.  Lat.  55"  10'  N. 

Meletetunk,  r.  N,  J.  which  communicates  through 
Beaverdam  bay,  with  the  Atlantic,  at  Cranberry 
inlet.     Lat.  40°  b'  N. 

Melfi,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  52  m.  E.  by  N. 
Salerno.     Pop.  7,500. 

Melford,  Long,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  59 i  m.  N.  E. 
by  N.  London.     Pop.  2,068. 

Melgarde  Fermental,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  42  m. 
N.W.^Burgos. 

MelUla,  s-p.  Morocco,  in  Fez,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean.     Lon.  2°  54'  W.  Lat.  35"  24'  N. 

Melinda,  s-p.  F..  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a  kingdom 
of  the  same  name.  It  was  formerly  tributary  to 
the  Portuguese,  but  in  1608,  was  wrested  from 
them  by  the  Arabs,  in  whose  power  it  has  ever 
Bifice  remained.    Melinda  is  a  large  and  handsome 


town,  the  houses  built  of  stone,  many  of  them 
magnificent  and  richly  furnished.  The  numer- 
ous mosques  give  it  a  splendid  appearance  from 
the  sea.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  very  considerable 
trade,  being  resorte<l  to  by  vessels  from  the  Red 
sea,  Persia,  and  the  northern  parts  of  India.  The 
exports  consist  of  gold,  ivory,  copper,  wax,  and 
drugs,  in  exchange  for  silks,  cottons,  linen  cloth=, 
and  European  commodities.  The  ruling  people 
are  Mahometans ;  but  a  considerable  proportion 
of  the  inhabitants  consist  of  negroes.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  country  has  not  been  explored  by  Eu- 
ropeans. The  city  stands  in  lon.  41°  2'  E-  lat. 
3"S. 

Melipilla,  province.  Chili,  bounded  N.  by  Quil- 
lota,  S.  by  the  river  Maypo,  which  divides  it  from 
Rancagua,  and  W.  by  the  sea.  Melipilla,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  70"  7'  W.  lat.  32°  32'  N. 

Melita.     See  Malta. 

Melitopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  12  m.  from  the  sea  of 
Azoph,  108  S.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon.  35°  10'  E. 
Lat.  46°  12'  N. 

Melilto,  t.  Italy,  4  m.  N.  Naples.     Pop.  2,500. 

Melkapore,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  76"  39'  E. 
Lat.  21"  4' N. 

Melksfiam,  t.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  on  the  Avon,  93  ra, 
S.  London.     Pop.  4,110. 

Mell  Islands,  small  islands,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland.     Lon.  4"  57'  W.  Lat.  58°  15'  N. 

Mella,  r.  Austrian  Itady,  which  falls  into  the 
Oglio,  near  Ostiano. 

Mellara,  t.  Austrian  Italv,  on  the  Po,  18  m.  E. 
by  S.  Mantua. 

Mellavoui,  or  Melaui,  city,  Upper  Egypt,  120 
m.  S.  Cairo. 

Melle,  Capo  delle,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Italy.     Lon.  8"  13'  E.  Lat.  43"  58'  N. 

Melli,  or  Lamlem,  described  bj"-  the  Arabian 
writers  as  an  extensive  country  of  Africa,  situate  Jl 
S.  of  the  Niger. 

Mcllingen,  t.  Switz.  in  Aargau,  9  m.  S.  by  W, 
Baden. 

Mellor,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  8^  m.  N.  W.  Cha- 
pel in  le  Frith.     Pop.  1,760. 

Mellor,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  N.W.  Black- 
burn.    Pop.  1,548. 

Mellrichstadt,  t.  Bararia,  49  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wurzv 
burg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mells,  V.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  3  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Frome.     Pop.  1,061. 

Mellville,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,032. 

Melnick,  t.  Bohemia,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Moldau  and  the  Elbe,  18  m.  N.  Prague.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Melo,  t.  Bixenos  Ayres.  Lon.  54"  17'  24"  W.  Lat 
32"23'14"S. 

Melrose,  t.  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  pleasantly 
situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  Eildon  hills,  on  the 
side  of  a  fertile  vale,  intersected  by  the  Tweed. 
A  short  distance  from  the  town,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Tweed,  is  the  abbey  of  Melrose,  one  of  the 
largest  and  mo.5t  magnificent  in  the  kingdom.  The 
Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel,  by  Mr.  Walter  Scott, 
containing  a  bejutifnl  description  of  it,  has  ren- 
dered Melrose  abbey  an  object  of  so  much  inter- 
est, as  now  to  be  visited  by  travellers  from  all  parts 
of  the  globe.  35  m.  S.  Edinburgh,  UN.  Jedburgh. 
Pop.  3,132. 

Melsungen,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
Fulda,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Cassel.     Pop.  2,850. 

Meltham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6i  m.  S.  W.  h\ 
S.  Hu<lder?fieJd.     Pop.  1,430- 


452 


M  E  N 


M  E  N 


Mowbray^  t.  Eng^.  in  Leicester,  on  tae 
Eye,  20  m.  S.  E.  Nottingham.  Lon.  0°  54'  W. 
Lat.  52M6'N.     Pop.  2,143. 

Mekille  Bay,  harbor,  on  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  of  Point  Dundas,  at  the  entrance, 
136°  41'  E.  Lat.  12°  13'  S. 

Melville,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Hispaniola. 
Lon.  60°  30'  AV.  Lat.  15°  44'  N. 

Melville  Island,  the  largest  of  the  New  Georgia 
islands,  discovered  by  Lieut.  Parry,  in  the  sum- 
toerof  1819,  in  the  Polar  sea.  Lat.  74°  47'  N. 
Lon.  1 10°  47' W.  In  a  harbor  on  the  S.  side  of 
this  island,  the  expedition  under  Lieut.  Parry 
wintered  in  1819—20. 

Melville  Isles,  islands  on  the  N.  shore  of  New 
Holland,  at  the  entrance  into  the  gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria, on  the  W.  side.  Lon.  136°  52'  E.  Lat.  12° 
8J'S. 

Melun,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  on  the 
Seine,  11m.  N.  Fontainbleau,  32  S.  E.  Paris. 
Pop.  6,700. 

Memel,  t.  E.  Prussia,  on  the  Curische  HaflT, 
which  joins  the  Baltic  here  by  a  uan'ow  strait. 
It  !s  strongly  fortified.  The  situation  is  very  fa- 
vourable for  trade,  the  Curische  Haff  receiving 
the  great  river  Memel  or  Niemen,  which  is  navi- 
gable throughout  a  great  part  of  Lithuania.  It 
exports  timber,  which  is  brought  down  in  floats ; 
also  hemp,  flax,  and  corn.  The  harbor  is  capa- 
cious, but  it  will  not  admit  vessels  drawing  above 
18  feet  of  water.  The  manufa.cture8  are  trifling. 
70  m.  N.  N.  E.  Koniarsberg,  130  N.  E.  Dantzic. 
Lon.  21°  5'  E.  Lat.  55°  42'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Memmingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iller,  28  m.  S. 
by  E.  Ulm.  Lon.  10°  10'  E.  LaL  47°  59'  N.  Pop. 
6,500. 

Memphis,  in  Sac.  Geog.  ancient  city  of  Egypt, 
called  also  Moph,  and  Jioph.  Near  its  site  stand 
the  modern  villages  of  Gizeh,  and  Mohnan. 

Manphramagog,  Lake,  on  the  boundary  between 
Vt.  and  Lower  Canada.  It  is  30  miles  long,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  through  St,  Francis  river  into 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Memramcook,  small  r.  which  has  been  recom- 
mended as  the  boundary  between  the  province  ol 
New  Brunswick  and  i^ova  Scotia.  It  falls  into 
the  bay  of  Fundy. 

Men  of  May,  rocks  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Scotland,  5  m.  E.  DunnetHead.  Lon. 
S"  3'  W.  Lat.  58"  3'  N. 

Menai,  Strait  of,  in  Wales,  dividing  the  island  of 
Anglesey  from  the  main  land. 

Menamciu,  t.  A.  Turkey,  6  m.  N.  W.  Smyrna. 

Menancabow,  kingdom,  Sumatra,  in  the  centre 
of  the  island,  at  present  coufinetl  to  about  60  miles 
on  each  side  of  the  equator.  Its  jurisdiction  for- 
merly ext«5nded  over  the  whole  island. 

Menat,  t  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  27  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Clermont.     Poi\  1,700. 

Mcnchuan,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat.  44° 
20' S. 

Mende,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Lozere,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Lot.  It  is  the  nee  of  a  bishop.  Pop. 
5,000.     40  m.  S.  W.  Le  Puy. 

Mendeli,  t.  Irak  Ambi,  50  m.  N.  E.  Bagdad. 

Mende.n,  t.  Prussian  States,  49  m.  N.  E.  Co- 
logne.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mendes,  s-p.  Anatolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  20  m.  S. 
Milets. 

Mendham,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  6  m.  S.  W.  Mor- 
ristown.    Pop.  1,277. 


Mtndtp  Hills,  a  range  of  hills  in  Etig.  iu  Som 
erset  co.  abounding  with  coal  and  lead. 

Mendlesham,  v.  Eng.  in  Suflblk,  79i  m.  N.  E, 
London.     Pop.  1,093. 

Me7idocas  Islands.     See  Marquesas. 

Mendocino,  Cape,  on  the  N.  ^V.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  124°  7'  W.  Lat.  40°  19'  N. 

Mendon,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  19  m.  S. 
Worcester,  37  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,819.  It  is 
watered  by  Charles  river.  Mill  river,  and  other 
streams,  and  has  a  cotton  factory,  a  forge,  and  nu- 
merous mills. 

Mendon,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  (N.  Y.)  N.  W.  of  Ca- 
nandaigua. 

Mendoza,  city,  Buenos  Ayrcs,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Andes,  near  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  Vicei'oyalty. 
Lon.  69°  47'  W.  Lat.  33°  25'  S.     Pop.  21,000. 

Mendosa,  r.  in  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
which  rises  in  the  Andes,  and  running  E.  is  form- 
ed into  lakes  in  the  plains. 

Mendrah,  district,  Fezzan,  in  Africa,  60  m.  S. 
Mourzouk. 

Mendrisio,  or  Dendris,  t.  Switz.  in  Ticino,  7  m. 
W.  Como. 

Mendy,  properly  Mhendigaut,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ganges.  Lon.  79°  57'  E. 
Lat.  27"  3'  N. 

Menerbes,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  18  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Avignon.     Pop.  1,600. 

Menetou  Salon,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  11  m.  N. 
Bourges.     Pop.  3,300. 

Menga,  Pointe  de,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
France.     Lon.  1°  51'  W.  Lat.  48°  42' N. 

Mengen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  50  m.  S.  Stutgard. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Mengeringhamen,  t.  Germany,  24  m.  W.  N.  W . 
Cassel.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mengerskirchen,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  7  m.  S. 
W.  Dillenburg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Menhusa,  s-p.  Barca,  in  Africa,  160  m.  S.  W. 
Tolometa. 

Menil,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  on  the 
Loire,  14  m.  S.  W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,400. 

Menilles,  t.  France,  9  m.  VV.  Evreux.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Menin,  t.  Netherlands,  in  W.  Flanders,  on  the 
Lys.  It  is  fortified,  and  is  tolerably  well  built.  1 1 
m.  N.  Lisle,  30  S.  Brugjes.     Pop.  4,600. 

Menominie,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  Green  bay,  60  m.  N.E.  Fort  Howard.  Itadmits 
vessels  drawing  6  or  7  feet  water,  and  canoes  as- 
cend the  river  60  leagues.  There  is  a  small  vil- 
lage of  Menominie  Indians,  3  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river. 

Menron,  Fort,  Up,  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river  Kaminiticwia,  which  falls  into  the  west  end 
of  lake  Superior,  20  m.  below,  at  Fort  William. 
It  is  in  about  lon.  90°  W.  lat.  48°  N. 

Mens,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  25  m.  S.  Grenoble. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Mensclink,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orenburg,  140  m. 
E.  Kasan.     Pop.  2,400. 

Mensheel.     See  Meschie. 

Menstrie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  5  m.  N.  E. 
Stirling. 

Mentone,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  sea  coast,  6 
m.  N.  E.  Monaco.  Lon.  7°  31' E.  Lat  45°  45' N. 
Pop.  3,300. 

Mentor,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie,  W.  of 
Painesville. 

Mentuosa,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Vera^ua.  Lonr. 
82°  40'  W.  Lat.  7"  15'  N. 


M  E  R 


M  E  R 


463 


JImtz,  Mains,  or  Mayence,  city,  Germany,  in 
,,he  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  immediately  below  the  influx  of  the  Maine. 
It  is  built  nearly  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle,  of 
which  the  Rhine  is  the  basis.  It  is  the  strongest 
fortress  in  Germany.  The  greatest  defect  of  the 
fortifications  is  their  extent,  which  is  such  as  to 
require  a  gai-rison  of  nearly  30,000  men.  The 
interior  of  the  town  is  by  no  means  handsome. 
The  public  library  contains  a  collection  of  80,000 
volumes ;  a  cabinet  of  coins  and  medals ;  a  mu- 
seum of  Roman  monuments,  said  to  be  the  most 
complete  of  any  out  of  Italy ;  and  a  gallery  of 
pictui-es.  Pop.  23,500j  of  whom  1,600  are  Jews. 
Its  trade  is  partly  in  wines,  partly  in  general  com- 
mission business  connected  with  the  navigation  of 
the  river.  In  1802,  the  archbishopric  was  sup- 
pressed, and  Mentz  is  now  only  a  bishop's  see.  37 
m.  S.  E.  Coblentz,  99  N.  by  E.  Strasburg.  Lon. 
8"11'E.  Lat.  49°59'N. 

Mentz,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie  canal, 
12  m.  IV.  W.  Auburn.  Pop.  1,207.  In  this  town 
is  the  village  of  Montezuma. 

Menvf,  or  Mencuf,  city,  Lower  Egypt,  22  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Cairo.     Pop.  about  5,000. 

Menugat,  t.  Caramania,  in  A.  Turkey,  21  m. 
W.  Alanieh. 

Mensabano,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Mincio,  where  the 
Austrians  were  defeated  by  the  French  in  1800. 

Menzakh,  extensive  lake  of  Lower  Egypt,  ex- 
tending along  the  coast  to  the  E.  of  the  Damietta 
branch  of  the  Nile,  60  miles  long,  and  25  in  its 
greatest  breadth. 

Mensaleh,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  borders  of  lake  Men- 
zaleh,  20  m.  S.  S.  E.  Damietta.     Pop.  2,000. 

Menzelinsk,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Oufa,  132  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Oufa. 

Menzies,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  Bentick's  Arms.  Lon. 
232°  55'  W.  Lat.  32°  18'  N. 

Menzingen,  or  Menzigen,  v.  Switz.  4  m.  E. 
Zug. 

Meppel,  t.  Netherlands,  24  m.  W.  Covorden. 
Pop.  4,700. 

Mepperij  t.  Germany,  52  m.  N.  Munster.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Mequinenza,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Segrc,  the  Cinca,  and  the  Ebro,  19 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Lerida.     Pop.  1,600. 

Mequinez,  city,  Morocco,  and  frequently  the 
residence  of  the  emperors.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine 
plain,  watered  by  numerous  rivulets,  and  sur- 
rounded with  a  wall  six  feet  high,  which  serves  as 
a  defence  against  the  Brebers.  Lon.  5"  50'  W. 
Lat.  33°  56'  N. 

Mer,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  21  m.  S.  W. 
Orleans.     Pop.  4,300. 

Mer,  t.  Hind,  in  Cutch.     Lat.  23"  32'  N. 

Meral,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  17  m.  N.  W.  Cha- 
teau Gontier.     Pop.  1,500. 

Meran,  t.  Tyrol,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Passeyer  and  Adige,  42  m.  N.  Trent.     Pop.  2,300. 

Merane,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxony.  Pop.  2,200. 
Lon.  12°21'E.  Lat.  50°  49' N. 

Meraf,  or  Meerut,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  77° 
33'  E.  Lat.  29°  1'  N. 

Meralhaim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  province  of  Chal- 
■*lea,  on  both  sides  of  the  Tigris. 

Mercara,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  75°  58'  E. 
Lat.  12°  30'  N. 

Mercer,  p-t.  Somer?et  co.  Maine,  11  m.  W.  Nor- 
Bwock. 


ricbewock. 


Mercer,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Crawford  co.  E. 
by  Venango  co.  S.  by  Beaver  co.  and  W.  by  Ohio. 
Pop.  8,277. 

Mercer,  p-t.  and  cap.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  70  m.  N. 
W.  Pittsburg.     Pop.  262. 

Mercer,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  688. 

Mercer,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  12,430.  Slaves,  3,284, 
Chief  to"wn,  Harrodsburg. 

Mercer,  co.  Ohio,  bordering  on  Indiana. 

Mercersburg,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  16  m.  S.  W. 
Chambersburg,  168  W.  Philadelphia. 

Merchingen,  t.  Baden,  6  m.  W.  by  S.  Kraij- 
theim.     Pop.  1,100. 

Merchtem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  9 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Brussels.     Pop.  3,500. 

Mercogliano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Ultra, 
Pop.  3,000. 

Mercury  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the 
northernmost  island  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  184° 
4'  W.  Lat.  36°  48'  S. 

Mercury,  Point,  New  Zealand,  the  N.  E.  point 
of  Mercury  bay.     Lon.  184°  W.  Lat.  36°  47'  S. 

Merdin,  city,  Diarbekir,  in  A.  Turkey,  near  the 
top  of  a  lofty  mountain,  the  summit  of  which  is 
crowned  by  a  castle.  Pop.  1 1,000,  of  whom  1,500 
are  Arminians,  and  200  Jews;  the  remainder 
Turks,  Arabs,  and  Curds.     45  m.  S.  Diarbekir. 

Merdrignnc,  t.  France,  in  Cotea-du-Nord,  17 
m.  E.  Lodeve.     Pop.  2,200. 

Mere,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  23  m.  W.  by  N.  Sal- 
isbury, 102  W.  S.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,21 1. 

Mere,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  2i  m.  N.  W.  Nethei 
Knutsford. 

Mere,  v.  France,  in  Calvados,  2  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Conde  sur  Noireau.     Pop.  1,200. 

Merccz,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  in  Wilna,  on  the 
Niemen.     Lon.  23°  40'  E.  Lat.  54°  5'  N. 

Meredith,  p-t.  Strafford  co.N.  H.  on  lakeWin- 
nipiseogee,  25  m.  N.  Concord.  Pop.  1,940.  It 
contains  4  houses  of  public  worship,  a  nail  manu- 
factory, and  2  distilleries.  At  Meredith  bridge, 
in  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  town,  is  a  small  village. 
A  canal  through  Meredith  is  in  contemplation  to 
connect  lake  Winnipiseogee  with  Merrimack 
river. 

Meredith,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N.  Del- 
hi, 66  W.  CatskiU,  69  S.  W.  Albany.    Pop.  726. 

Mergenev,  fort,  A.  Russia,  on  the  Oural,  72  m. 
S.  Ouralsk. 

Mergenlheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  19  m.  S.  by  W. 
Wurzburg.     Pop.  3,000. 

Mergui,  s-p.  of  the  Birman  empire,  on  Tanna- 
serim  river,  6  m.  from  its  mouth.  Lon.  98°  23'  E. 
Lat.  12°  12'  N. 

Mergui  Archipelago.  These  islands  extend  135 
miles  from  N.  to  S.  along  the  isthmus  of  the  Malay 
peninsula,  with  a  strait  between  them  and  the 
main  land,  from  15  to  30  miles  broad.  The  prin- 
cipal are  King's  island,  St.  Matthew's,  Clara,  and 
Tannaserim.  They  nominally  belong  to  the  Bir- 
mans. 

Merida,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  Gua- 
diana.  In  the  time  of  the  Romans  and  Goths,  it 
was  called  Augusta  Emerita.  Its  antiquities  ren- 
der it  an  object  of  great  interest.  These  are 
scattered  in  all  directions :  in  the  walls,  the  houses, 
the  churches,  and  even  in  the  pavement  of  the 
streets,  are  discovered  the  remains  of  columns, 
bases,  capitals,  frizes,  statues,  and  inscriptions.  30 
m.  E.  Badajos,  108  N.  W.  Cordova,  1 1 1  N.  Seville. 
Lon.  5"  50'  W.  Lat.  38°  50'  N. 

Merida,  an  intendancy  of  New  Spain,  compre- 


454 


M  E  R 


bending  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan,  situated  be- 
tween the  bays  of  Campeachy  and  Honduras. 
Extent,  45,784  sq.  miles.  Pop.  465,800.  The 
trees  which  furnish  the  famous  Campeachy  wood, 
grow  in  abundance  in  several  districts  of  tliis  in- 
tendancy. 

Merida,  city,  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  province  of 
Yucatan,  70  m.  N.  E.  Campeachy.     Pop.  10,000. 

Meriden.  p-t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  17  m.  N.  Now 
Haven,  17' S.  Hartford.  Pop.  1,249.  It  contains 
3  churches,  1  for  Cougre^tionalists,  1  for  Episco- 
palians, and  1  for  Baptists.  Here  are  several 
manufactures  of  tin  ware. 

Meridian,  p-t.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

MerignaCf  t.  France,  in  Charente,  9  m.  E.  Cog- 
nac. Fop.  1,200. — Also,  a  town  in  Gironde,  6  m. 
fr.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  2,000. 

Merigny,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  5  m.  W.  Le  Blanc. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Merilks,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  6  m.  N.  E.  St. 
Fargeau.     Pop.  1,700. 

Merimeg.     See  Maramce. 

Merion,  Lower,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,835. 

Merion,  Upper,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Fop. 
1,156. 

,  Merioneth,  maritime  co.  Wales,  bounded  N.  by 
Caernarvon  and  Denbigh  counties,  S.  by  Cardi- 
gan, W.  by  Cardigan  bay,  and  E.  by  Denbigh  and 
Montgomery  counties.  Extent,  670  sq.  miles,  or 
430,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1801,  29,500;  in  1811, 
30,924. 

Merishausen,  t.  Switz.  5  m.  N.  Schaffhausen. 

Merlera,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  12  m. 
^\  W.  Corfu. 

Merlerault,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Alencon.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mermentau,  Mexicanaj  or  Mentou,  r.  Louisiana, 
which,  after  a  southerly  c;ourge  of  200  miles,  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  about  200  miles  to  the 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  In  the  lower  part  of  its 
Course,  it  expands  into  a  spacious  lake ;  and  before 
its  exit  into  the  sea  it  again  assumes  the  form  and 
breadth  of  a  small  river. 

Merom,  p-t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co.  Indiana,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  35  m.  above  Vincen- 
nes.  Its  situation  is  elevated,  being  on  the  high- 
est land  on  the  Wabash  from  its  mouth  to  the  E. 
line  of  the  State.  It  commands  a  view  of  the 
prairie  country  for  30  miles,  which  is  rapidly  set- 
tling. 

Merrimack,  r.  N.  H.  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Pemigewasset  and  tlie  Winnipiseogee.  The  Pemi- 
gewasset  rises  in  the  White  mountains,  and  run- 
ning S.  about  70  miles,  receives  the  Winnipiseo- 
gee ;  after  which,  the  united  stream  continues  a 
southerly  course,  and  passes  into  Massachusetts, 
where  turning  to  the  N.  E.  it  runs  50  miles,  and 
falls  into  the  ocean  below  Nev.'buryport.  It  is 
navigable  to  Haverhill.  Salmon,  shad,  and  ale- 
wives  are  caught  in  considerable  quantities.  The 
Middlesex  canal  in  Massachusetts  connects  this 
river  with  Boston  harbor,  and  by  means  of  various 
improvements  around  the  rapids  and  falls  of  the 
river,  the  navigation  is  now  extended  as  high  up 
as  Concord.  The  following  are  the  principal  im- 
provements : — Bow  canal,  around  the  falls  a  few 
miles  below  Concord,  was  constructed  in  1812,  at 
an  expense  of  ;J20,000.  Six  miles  further  down 
is  Hookselt  canal,  which  cost  $15,000.  The  fall  at 
this  place  is  17  feet.  Eight  miles  below  Hooksett 
Is  Amoskeag  canal,  the  greatest  work  of  the  kind 


xVl  E  K 

in  New  England,  except  Middlesex.  On  leaving 
Amoskeag  canal  you  enter  upon  a  section  of  the 
river  nine  miles  in  extent,  converted  by  law  into 
the  Union  canal,  comprehending  in  that  space  six 
distinct  falls,  all  of  which  have  been  made  passa- 
ble. Descending  five  miles  further,  you  come  to 
CromweWs  falls,  which  are  made  passable  by  a 
canal.  The  cost  of  Union  canal,  including  Crom- 
well's, was  about  50,000  dollars.  Fifteen  miles 
below  Cromwell's  falls,  are  JVicasee  falls  and  ca- 
nal in  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  The  canal  cost  14,000 
dollars.  Three  miles  below  Wicasee  canal  is  the 
entrance  into  tlio  Middlesex  canal. 

Merrimack,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  6  m.  E. 
Amherst.     Pop.  1,047. 

Merrimack,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Merrimack,  t.  Franklin  co.  Missouri. 

Merrimack,  Missouri.     See  Maramce. 

Merritch,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  on  the  Krishna. 
Lon.  75"  E.  Lat.  16°  52'  N. 

Merritstown,  p-t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

Merry  hill,  p-v.  Bertie  co.  N .  C. 

Merrymeeting  bay,  Maine,  is  foi-med  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Kennebec  and  Androscoggin  rivers,  20 
m.  from  the  sea. 

Merrymeeting  bay,  N.  H.  the  S.  E.  arm  of  Lake 
Winnipiseogee,  extending  about  5  miles  in  tlie 
township  of  Alton. 

Merry^i  Island,  isl.  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  93" 
5'W.  Lat.6r52'N. 

Mers  Agolela,  s-p.  Algiers,  6  m.  N.  W.  Tniss. 

Mers  el  Kebeer,  or  Mazalquiver,  s-p.  Algiers,  6 
m.  W.  Oran. 

Mersch,  t.  Prussian  states,  near  Juliers.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Mersch,  t.  Netherlands,  8  m.  N.  Luxemberg. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Mcrsea,  t.  Essex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie. 

Mersebmg,  one  of  the  new  divisions  of  the  Prus- 
sian states,  consisting  almost  entirely  of  the  terri- 
tories ceded  by  Saxony  in  1815.  Extent,  4,000 
square  miles.     Pop.  471,000. 

Merseburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  cap,  of  the  pre- 
ceding government,  is  on  the  Saale,  15  m.  W, 
Leipsic.     Lon.  12°  E.  Lat.  51°  21'  N.    Pop.  6,800. 

Mersey,  isl.  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  Essex,  9  m.  S. 
Colchester. 

Mersey,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  on  the  borders  of 
Cheshire,  Derbyshire,  and  Yorkshire,  runs  W. 
and  falls  into  the  Irish  sea,  at  Liverpool. 

Merthyr  T'ydvil,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan  co.  in 
the  valley  of  the  Taaf.  It  was  formerly  a  small 
village,  but  is  noAV  the  chief  town  of  Wales,  and 
the  seat  of  most  extensive  iron  works.  Iron 
and  coal  abound  in  the  neighbourhood.  The 
iron  works  are  4  in  number,  namely,  the  Cyfarthfa 
works ;  the  Dowlais  works ;  the  Penydarran 
works  ;  and  the  Plymouth  works.  The  Cyfarthlk 
works  are  by  far  the  most  extensive  and  grand, 
and  employ  3,000  men.  The  quantity  of  iron  man- 
ufactured at  the  four  works  above  mentioned,  in 
the  year  1818,  and  exported  from  Caerdiff,  was 
44,583  tons.  Pop.  22,(X)0.  16  m.  N.  bv  W.  Caer- 
philly, 21  N.  by  W.  Caerdiff,  175  W.  London. 
Lon.  3°  20'  W.'Lat.  51°  44'  N. 

Meriola,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  on  the  Guadi- 
ana,  which  is  navigable  from  this  town  down- 
wards. 24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Beja.  Lon.  7°  31'  W.  Lat. 
37°  36'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Merlon,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry.  Here  Merton  col- 
lege was  first  erected  in  1274.  7  m.  S.  I^ojodon 
Pop.  905. 


M  E  S 


MET 


455 


Mem,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  10  m.  S.  Chaumont. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Meru  Shah  Jehan,  a  city  of  Korassan,  in  Persia, 
once  the  capital  of  many  of  the  Persian  sultans, 
iiow  greatly  declined.  130  m.  N.  E.  Mesched. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Merraul,  t.  France)  in  La  Vendee,  6  m.  N.  Fon- 
tenay.     Pop.  1,500. 

Merud,  or  Amaravati,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore. 
Lon.  74"  36'  E.  Lat.  18°  15'  N. 

Me)"uvaii>,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Superior.  It  interlocks  with  the  St. 
Croix,  a  v/ater  of  the  Mississippi. 

MerviUe,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  on  the 
Lys,  15  m.  W.  Lisle.     Pop.  5,300. 

Mery  sur  Seine,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  on  the  Seine, 
15  m.  N.  W.  Troyes.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mesatongi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  70  m.  W. 
by  S,  Livadia. 

Mesched,  a  city  of  Korassan,  cap.  of  the  Persian 
part  of  that  province.  It  carries  on  a  considera- 
ble trade  with  Bokhara,  Bulkb,  Candahar,  Yezd, 
and  Herat,  Velvet  of  the  finebt  quality  is  manu- 
factured here  ;  aad  its  tur  pelisses  are  much  es- 
teemed.    Lon.  57"  E.  Lat.  37"  35'  N.     Pop.  50,000. 

Mesched  Alt,  or  JVejiJf,  t.  Irak  Arabi,  supposed  to 
be  theburial  place  of  the  caliph  Ali.  The  most  con- 
spicuous object  is  tiie  tomb  and  mosque  of  Ali. 
The  town  is  entirely  supported  by  the  indux  of 
Persian  pilgrims  and  devotees,  who  regard  it  with 
a  veneration  little  inferior  to  Mecca.  90  m.  S. 
Bagdad. 

Meschedizar,  port  of  Mazanderan,  in  Persia,  on 
the  coast  of  the  Caspian,  10  m.  W.  Amul. 

Meschidabad,  v.  Natolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  25  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Amasieh. 

Mf'schie,  or  Mensheel,  t.  U[)per  Egypt,  called  an- 
ciently Plolemais,  on  the  Nile,  5  m.  N.  Girge.  It 
enjoys  a  considerable  tra<le,  as  the  barks  between 
Cairo  and  the  cataracts  usually  stop  there  for  pro- 
visions, 

Mese,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  131° 
50'  E.  Lat.  6°  55'  N. 

Mesen,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Aroliangcl,  on  the  riv- 
er Mesen.  138  m.  E.  N.  E.  Archangel,  30  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Mesen.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mesen,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  White 
sea. 

Meseritsch,  Great,  t.  Moravia,  56  m.  W.  Olmutz. 
Pop.  3,400. 

Meseriiz,  or  Micjidzyrzccz,  t.  Prussian  Poland, 
55  m.  W.  Posen.     Pop.  3,600. 

Meskoiitten  Hatnmain.  See  Hammam  Meskou- 
teeji. 

Meslay,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  12  m.  S.  E.  La- 
val.    Pop.  1,200. 

Mesola,  t.  Ecclesiastical  states,  30  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Ferrara. 

Mesopotamia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  now  Diarbekir. 

Mesopotamia,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N. 
W.  Warren. 

Mcsquital,  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  N.  E.  Guadalax- 
ara. 

Messa,  t.  Morocco,  165  m.  S.  W.  Morocco. 

Messene,  formerly  a  city  of  Greece,  in  the  S.  W. 
of  the  Peloponnesus.  The  modern  village  of 
Maurmati  stands  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  city. 
25  m.  N.  E.  Navarin,  33  W.  N.  W.  Misitra. 

Messina,  a  large  city  in  the  N.  E.  of  Sicily,  on  a 
strait  called  from  it  the  Faro  di  Messina.  The 
strait  runs  from  N.  to  S.  and  the  town  of  Messina 
•■ 'n^-  parallel  with  it,  forming  an  oblong  of  more 


than  2  miles  in  length.  Nothing  can  be  more 
beautiful  than  the  view  of  Messina  from  on  board 
a  vessel  at  the  distance  of  a  mile.  The  finest  part 
of  the  city  is  the  Marina,  a  long  line  of  buildings, 
facing  the  harbour,  and  running  parallel  with  it 
for  more  than  a  mile.  The  town,  since  the  great 
convulsion  in  1783,  has  been  re-built  with  regu- 
larity and  elegance.  The  harbour  is  the  finest  in 
the  Mediterranean  ;  it  consists  of  a  bay,  which 
has  the  city  along  its  W.  shore,  and  on  the  E.  a 
long  tongue  of  land,  the  point  of  which  turns  in- 
ward, so  as  to  form  an  inlet  fa  quarter  of  a  mile 
across,")  sutficiently  wide  for  the  ingress  of  fleets, 
and  sufficiently  narrow  to  protect  the  inclosed  wa- 
ters from  the  agitation  of  the  sea.  The  circum- 
ference of  this  harbour  is  from  4  to  5  miles  :  its 
dcptlj  in  most  places  not  less  than  40  fathoms.  It 
is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  situated  on  the 
projecting  tongue  of  land.  All  the  staple  com- 
modities of  the  island  are  shipped  here.  In  par- 
ticular,  the  Faro  wine,  of  which  not  less  than 
10,000  pipes  are  said  to  be  shipped  annually. 
There  are  several  extensive  manuactories  of  silk 
in  the  city.  Messina  is  remarkable  for  its  misfor- 
tunes. Of  these,  the  two  most  recent,  as  well  as 
melancholy,  were  the  plague  of  1743,  and  the 
earthquake  of  1783.  Pop.  36,000.  50  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Catania,  130  E.  Palermo.  Lon.  15"  48'  E.  Lat 
38"11'N. 

Messines,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  8 
m.  S.  E.  Ypres.     Pop.  3,200. 

Mestre,  or  Maestro,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  14  m.  N. 
E.  Padua.     Pop.  6,000. 

Mesuraca,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  25  m.  N. 
E.  Nicastro.     Pop.  2,300. 

Mesurado,  r.  West  .Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Grain  coast. 
On  its  banks  is  situated  a  kingdom  of  the  same- 
name. 

Mesurata,  s-p.  Tripoli,  in  Africa,  the  route  trav- 
elled by  the  caravans  between  Tripoli  and  Fez- 
zan. 

Mesurier,  Point  le,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  56"  46'  N. 

Mesurier,  Point  le,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  ol 
Kay's  island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon,  216"  4'  E.  Lat. 
60"  3'  N. 

Meszczovsk.  t.  Eu.  Rii'^sia,  56  m.  W.  Kaluga.  Pop 
1,600. 

Mctcf,  large  r.  New  Grenada,  in  S.  America, 
which  rises  in  the  moimtain  ridge  opposite  to  San- 
ta Fe  de  Bogota,  and  falls  into  the  Orinoco,  about 
450  miles  from  its  source,  in  lon.  67"  45'  W.  lat.  (J" 
10'30"N. 

Melttwamkeag,  r.  Maine,  which  joins  the  Penob- 
scot on  the  E.  30  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Pasa- 
dunkeag. 

Metcalfborovgh,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Ten. 

MeteJar,  one  of  the  Lacadive  islands.  Lon.  72' 
25' E.  Lat.  12"18'N. 

Metehn,  t.  Prussian  State?,  21  m.  W.  N.  ^.^ 
Munster.     Pop.  1,200. 

Metelin.     See  Mylilene. 

Metepec,  t.  Mexico.  Lon.  99"  20'  W.  Lat.  lf»' 
20' N.     33  m.  S.  W.  Mexico. 

Methill,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Forth,  1  m. 
W.  Leven.     Pop.  388. 

Metho,  or  Wadey,  mountainous  country  of  Cen- 
tral Africa,  W.  of  Darfur. 

Methven,  v.  Scotland,  in  Pertlishire,  6  m.  W. 
Perth. 

Methnen,  t^U  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  N.  side  o< 


456 


ME  X 


the  Merrimack,  opposite  Andover,  with  which  it 
J3  connected  by  a  bridge.  22  m.  N.  W  Salem. 
Pop.  1,181. 

Metre,  V.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loir,  6  m.  N.W. 
Tours.     Pop.  1,200. 

Metropoli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  island  of  Can- 
dia,  22  m.  S.  Candia. 

Mettaga,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  13  m.  N.  by 
W.  Tripolizza.     Pop.  800. 

Meltijah,  an  extensive  plain  in  the  territory  of 
Algiers,  immediately  behind  the  city. 

Meltingen,  v.  Bavaria,  4  m.  S.  E.  Nordlingen. 

Mettsecoube,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Algiers, 
6  m.  N.   Boujeiali. 

Mctuales.     See  Mutimles. 

Metway  Harbour,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia.     Lon.  64°  30'  W.  Lat.  44"  10'  N. 

Melz,  a  large  fortified  town  in  the  N.  E.  of 
France,  cap.  of  Moselle,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Seille  and  Moselle.  As  a  military  depot,  it  is  ac- 
counted one  of  the  principal  in  France,  being  sur- 
rounded by  ramparts,  and  defended  by  a  great 
number  of  bastions,  and  other  works.  The  man- 
ufactures of  Metz  are  cotton,  linen,  muslin,  gauze, 
fustian,  chintz,  calico,  different  kinds  of  woollens, 
and  leather.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  96  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Strasburg,  210  E.  by  N.  Paris.  Lon.  6°  10' 
E.  Lat.  49"  7'  N.     Pop.  41,000. 

Metzenseifcn,  t.  in  the  N.  E.  of  Hungary,  16  m. 
S.  Kapsdorf. 

Meudon,  i.  France,  6  m.  S.  W.  Paris.  Pop. 
2,200. 

Meulan,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  on  the 
Seine,  28  m.  N.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  2,100. 

Meukbeek,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  14 
m.  S.  byE.  Bruges.     Pop.  7,000. 

Meun,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  14  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Orleans.     Pop.  4,300. 

Menn,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic.  Lon. 
13°  15' E.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Meurs,  principality  of  the  Prussian  states.  Ex- 
tent, 126  square  miles.  Pop.  28,000.  Meurs,  the 
chief  place,  is  16  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dusseldorf.  Pop. 
2,200. 

MeursauU,  t.  France,  4  m.  S.  W.  Beaune. 

Meurthe,  a  department  in  the  N.  E.  of  France, 
bounded  by  the  departments  of  the  Moselle,  the 
Vosges,  and  the  Meuse.  Pop.  in  1816,  365,500. 
Extent,  2,500  square  miles.     Nancy  is  the  capital. 

Meur(he,  r.  France,  wich  rises  among  the  Vosges 
mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Moselle,  N.  W.  of 
Nancy. 

Meuse,  or  Maese,  a  department  in  the  N.  E.  of 
France,  bounded  by  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxem- 
burg, and,the  departments  of  the  Moselle,  the  Vos- 
ges, the  Marne,  and  the  Ardennes.  Pop.  285,000. 
Extent,  2,500  square  miles. 

Mete  Islands,  small  islands  on  the  coast  of  Hon- 
duras,*S.  of  Cape  Cameron. 
Mewe,  or  Gnieir,  t.  W.  Prussia,  on  the  Vistula. 
Lon.  18"  40'   17''  E.   Lat.  53°  50'  13"   N.     Pop. 
2,100. 

Mewstone,  rock  in  the  Pacific,  5  leagues  S.  E. 
Van  Diemen's  Land,  Lon.  146°  24'  E.  Lat.  43" 
46'  S. 

Mexicaltzineo,  t.  Mexico,  6  m.  S.  E.  Mexico. 

Mexicana.     See  Mermentau. 

Mexico,  or  JVew  Spain,  country  or  \-iceroyalty, 
N.  America,  bounded  N.  and  N.  E.  by  the  United 
States ;  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico ;  S.  E.  by  Guati- 
mala ;  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  extends 
from  86"  56'  to  124°  30'  VV.  lon.  and  from  16"  to  42" 
N.  lat.     Much  of  the  northern  part  is  iahabitetJ  by 


M  E  X 

savage  Indians.  The  remainder  is  divided  into  IJ 
provinces  or  intendancies,  containing  957,541 
square  miles,  and  in  1820,  about  8,000,000  inhab- 
itants, one  third  of  whom  were  civilized  Indians. 
This  population  is  settled  principally  in  the  south- 
ern provinces,  below  the  parallel  of  25°  N.  lat. 
The  northern  provinces  contain  more  than  two- 
thinb  of  the  territory,  but  only  about  one-tenth  of 
the  population. 

The  land  on  both  the  coasts  is  low,  but  rise."^ 
gradually  as  you  approach  the  interior,  till  it  has 
attained  the  height  of  6  or  8,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean ;  it  then  spreads  out  into  broad 
plains,  which  are  called  table  land,  presenting  the 
strange  spectacle,  of  a  level  country  on  the  top  of 
a  lofty  range  of  mountains.  These  plains  or  table 
lands  extend  along  the  range  from  lat.  18°  to  lat 
40"  N.  a  distance  of  1,700  miles. 

A  range  of  mountains  passes  through  the  whok 
length  of  this  country  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  called 
the  Cordilleras  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  part  of  the  great 
chain  which  runs  through  the  American  continent, 
from  Cape  Horn  to  the  Frozen  ocean.  Its  top,  as 
we  have  already  mentioned,  consists  of  extensive 
plains  or  table  laud.  From  these  elevated  plains 
single  mountains  occasionally  shoot  up,  whose 
summits  are  covered  with  everlasting  snow.  Sev- 
eral peaks  near  the  city  of  Mexico  are  more  than 
15,000  feet  high,  and  the  loftiest  are  volcanoes. 

In  the  low  plains,  on  both  coasts,  the  heat  is  very 
oppressive,  and  the  climate  unhealthy  to  Europe- 
ans ;  but  when  you  advance  into  the  interior,  and 
begin  to  ascend  the  mountains,  it  becomes  more 
temperate,  and  at  the  elevation  of  4  or  5,000  feet 
there  reigns  perpetually  a  soft  spring  temperature^ 
which  is  very  healthy.  As  you  advance  still  high- 
er, the  climate  becomes  cooler,  and  at  length,  on 
the  tops  of  some  of  the  loftiest  mountains,  yoi^ 
come  to  the  region  of  perpetual  snow.  Thus,  in 
the  course  of  two  or  three  days,  the  traveller  may 
enjoy  all  the  variety  of  summer,  spring  and  win- 
ter. ^ 

The  productions  of  this  country  are  as  various 
as  its  climate.  In  the  course  of  a  few  hundred 
miles,  you  may  meet  with  almost  all  the  fruits  of 
the  temperate  and  torrid  zones.  The  soil  of  the 
table  land  is  remarkably  productive.  Maize  is 
far  the  most  important  object  of  agriculture,  and 
in  some  places,  from  two  to  three  harvests  may  be 
taken  annually.  Wheat,  rye,  and  barley  are  ex- 
tensively cultivated. 

The  religion  is  Roman  Catholic.  There  is  one 
archbishop  and  eight  bishops,  whose  united  reve- 
nues amount  to  112,000/.  and  the  number  of  infe- 
rior clergy  is  about  10,000.  The  country  is  gov- 
erned by  a  viceroy,  and  each  province  is  commit- 
ted to  an  intendant. 

The  commerce  of  New  Spain  is  carried  on  al- 
most entirely  through  the  port  of  Vera  Cruz.  In 
time  of  peace,  Humboldt  estimates  the  annual 
value  of  exports  from  that  place,  at  21  million  dol- 
lars, and  the  imports  at  14,600,000.  The  exports 
are  gold  and  silver  in  coin,  bullion  and  plate  to  the 
value  of  17  million  dollars ;  cochineal,  2,400,000; 
sugar,  1,300,000,  &c.  The  imports  are  bale  goods, 
including  woollens,  cottons,  linens  and  silks  to  the 
value  of  $9,200,000;  paper,  1  million;  brandy,  1 
million;  cacao,  1  million;  quicksilver,  650,000. 
The  works  of  the  mines  are  said  to  have  been  much 
injured  during  the  disturbances  arising  out  of  the 
attempted  revolution  in  1810,  and  their  produce 
to  have  been  seriously  affected. 

Mexico,  city,  N,  .\merica,  capital  of  New  Spainj 


M  E  X 


M  I  C 


451 


and  the  most  populous  city  of  the  New  World,  is  in 
lat.  19°  26'  N.  Ion.  99°  5'  W.  It  is  situated  midway 
between  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Pacific  ocean, 
near  Lake  Tezcuco,  in  a  delightful  valley  which  is 
230  miles  in  circumference,  and  elevated  more  than 
7,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  It  is  reg- 
ularly built,  in  the  form  of  a  square,  of  four  miles 
on  each  side.  The  streets  are  broad,  clean,  gene- 
rally paved  and  well  lighted,  and  intersect  each 
other  at  right  angles.  The  public  buildings  are 
magnificent,  and  some  of  them  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful architecture.  The  convent  of  St.  Francis  has 
a  revenue,  from  alms  alone,  of  20,000/.  The  hospi- 
tal has  a  revenue  of  10,000/.  and  supports  1,400 
children  and  old  people.  The  mint  employs  about 
400  workmen,  and  is  the  most  extensive  establish- 
ment of  the  kind  in  the  world.  The  principal 
manufacture  is  the  working  of  gold  and  silver  in 
all  its  brahches.  Large  pieces  of  wrought  plate, 
vases  and  church  ornaments,  are  annually  execu- 
ted to  a  great  amount.  The  city  contains  upwards 
of  100  churches  and  137,000  inhabitants,  of  whom 
one  half  are  whites,  and  the  rest  Indians,  mulat- 
toes,  and  mestizoes. 

This  beautiful  city  is  supplied  with  water  by 
two  aqueducts,  and  its  vegetables  are  raised  on 
the  elegant  floating  gardens  of  the  lake  of  Tezcu- 
co. There  are  three  other  small  lakes  in  the  val- 
ley of  Mexico  besides  Tezcuco.  The  waters  in 
these  lakes  used  formerly  to  rise  above  their  bank?, 
and  inundate  the  city  and  the  valley.  In  1629 
there  was  a  great  inundation,  which  lasted  for 
five  years;  and  during  the  whole  of  that  time  the 
streets  of  Mexico  could  be  passed  only  in  boats. 
To  prevent  the  recurrence  of  this  evil  various 
means  were  employed  without  effect.  At  first,  a 
huge  dike  or  mound  of  stones  and  clay  was  erected, 
70  miles  long  and  65  feet  broad ;  but  the  waters 
burst  through  it  and  tore  it  away.  A  subterranean 
passage  was  then  dug  through  the  mountains 
which  surround  the  valley,  to  let  off  the  waters ; 
but  the  earth  caved  in  and  filleu  up  the  passage. 
At  length  a  drain,  12  miles  long,  300  feet  broad, 
and  in  some  places  200  feet  deep,  has  been  cut 
through  a  gap  in  the  mountains,  and  this  seems  to 
answer  the  purpose.  The  whole  expense  laid  out 
on  these  great  works  from  the  year  1607  to  1689, 
is  calculated  at  1,291,770/. 

Mexico  is  the  centre  of  commerce  between 
Spain  and  America  on  the  one  hand,  and  America 
and  the  East  Indies  on  the  other.  It  communi- 
cates with  Europe  through  the  port  of  Vera  Cruz, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  with  the  East  Indies 
through  Acapulco,  on  the  Pacific. 

Mexico,  an  intendency  of  New  Spain,  extending 
from  16°  30'  to  22°  N.  lat.  and  bounded  N.  by  San 
Luis  Potosi,  W.  by  Guanaxuato  and  Valladolid ;  E. 
by  Vera  Cruz  and  Puebla,  and  S.  by  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Extent,  45,401  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1803, 
1,51 1,800.     The  city  of  Mexico  is  the  capital. 

Mexico,  Gulf  of,  a  large  bay  or  gulf  of  the  At- 
lantic, extending  from  the  coast  of  Florida  to  Yu- 
catan, about  600  miles,  and  from  Cuba  to  the  coast 
of  Mexico,  about  700. 

Mexico,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine. 

Mexico,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mexico  bay, 
in  Lake  Ontario,  13  m.  E.  Oswego.  Lat.  43''  31' 
N.     Pop.  845. 

Mexico,  p-t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

Mexillones,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat.  29° 
20' S. 

Meximieux,  t.  Fraocp,  in  Ain,  17  in.  N,  E.  Ly- 
ons.   Poo.  1,700 


Mextitlan,  t.  Mexico,  95  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mexico. 
Lon.  98°  2'  W.    Lat.  20"  37'  N. 

Meyeringen,  t.  Switz.  37  m.  S.  E.  Berne. 

Meyniac,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  9  m.  W.  Uzzel 
Pop.  3,000. 

Meyragues,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
9  m.  E.  Aix.     Pop.  1,2U0. 

Meyicar,  district.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  between  25*' 
and  26°  N.  lat. 

Meywat,  district,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  between  27" 
and  2y°  N.  lat. 

Mtze,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  18  m.  S.  W.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  2,500. 

Mezemna,  s-p.  Fez,  in  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  80  m.  E.  Tetuan. 

Mezieres,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Ardennes,  on  the 
Mouse.  It  is  well  fortified.  Here  are  an  artillery 
school,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  arms.  14Jra. 
S.  E.  Rocroy,  160  N.  E.  Paris. 

Mezieres,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  6  m.  W. 
Bellac.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mezieres,  v.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  on  the 
Seine.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mezieres  en  Brenne,  t.  France,  in  Indye,  16  m. 
N.  E.  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mezin,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  on  the 
Lauzonne,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Nerac.     Pop.  2,500. 

Mezingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  17  m.  S.  by  E.  Stut- 
gard.    Pop.  3,100. 

Mezo-Tur,  t.  Hungary,  58  m.  S.  W.  Debreczin. 
Pop.  4,0(X). 

Mezzerab,  small  isl.  near  the  head  of  the  Red 
sea.     Lat.  27°  43'  N. 

Mezsovo,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  22  m.  N. 
by  E.  Joannina.     Pop.  7,500.     See  Piyidus. 

Mglin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Czernigov,  72  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Novgorod-Sieverskoi.  Lon.  32°  34'  E.  Lat. 
53°  12'  N.     Pop.  5,100. 

Miahuatlan,  t.  Mexico,  108  leagues  S.  E.  Mex- 
ico.    Lon.  275°  15'  W.    Lat.  18°  35'  N. 

Miami,  r.  Ohio,  which,  after  a  course  of  100 
miles,  enters  the  Ohio  near  the  S.  W.  corner  of 
the  state.  It  is  navigable  75  miles.  There  is  a 
portage  of  only  5  miles  between  its  head  waters 
and  the  Auglaize,  a  river  of  Lake  Erie. 

Miami,  Little,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  Ohio  riv- 
er 7  miles  above  Cincinnati.  In  Green  county 
there  are  remarkable  falls  in  the  river.  It  is  one 
of  the  best  mill  streams  in  the  state. 

Miami  of  the  Lake.     SeeManmee. 

Mia7ni,~co.  Ohio,  on  the  river  Miami.  Chief 
town,  Troy. 

Miami,  t.  Cliampaign  co.  Ohio. 

Miami,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Miami,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

Miami,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami, 
16  m.  N.  W.  Cincinnati. 

Miami,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Miana,  v.  Aderbijan,  in  Persia,  60  m.  S.  E.  Tab- 
reez. 

Miano,  v.  Naples,  near  the  capital.    Pop.  2,600. 

Miasse,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  rises  in  the  Oural 
mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Icette. 

Miava,  t.  Hungary,  45  m.  N.  N.  E.  Presburg, 
63  N.  E.  Vienna.     Pop.  10,000. 

Michaelovka,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  62  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Kursk.     Pop.  6,000. 

Michaels,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Mi-souri,  30 
m.  S.  \V.  St.  Genevieve. 

Michailoiv,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  24  m.  S.  3.  W.  Riazan. 
Lon.  39°!' E.    Lat.  54"  5' N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Michel  Dean,  or  Great  Dean,  t.  Eng.  in  Glouces- 
ter, the  priTicipal  town  in  Deaa  Forest,  12  m.  W, 


458 


M  I  C 


Gloucester,  116  W.  London.    Lon.  2"  29'  W.  Lat. 
51"  51'  N.     Pop.  535. 

Michclsladt,  or  Mickkmtadt,  t.  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Darmstadt,  23  m.  N.  E.  Heidelberg.  Pop. 
1,150. 

Michelstoivn,  or  Mitchelstown,  t.  Ireland,  in 
Cork,  26  m.  S.  S.  E.  Limerick,  23  N.  E.  Cork. 

Michigan,  Lake,  a  great  lake  lying  wholly  within 
the  U.  States,  260  miles  long,  55  broad,  and  800  in 
eircumference,  containing,  according  to  llutchins, 
10,368,000  acres,  or  16,200  sq.  miles.  On  the  N. 
E.it  communicates  with  Lake  Huron,  through  the 
straits  of  Michillimackinac,  and  on  the  N.  VV.  it 
branches  out  into  two  bays,  one  called  Noquet's, 
and  the  other  Green  bay.  The  lake  is  navigable 
for  ships  of  any  burden.  It  has  fish  of  various 
kinds,  particularly  trout,  of  a  large  size  and  excel- 
lent quality,  and  sturgeon  are  found  in  its  bays  and 
rivers.  The  eastern  shore  of  the  lake  consists  of 
heaps  of  sand,  blown  by  the  wind  into  every  fan- 
tastic shape.  Lon.  84"  30'  to  87"  W.  Lat.  41"  35' 
to  45"  50' N. 

Michigan  Territory,  aterritory  of  the  U.  States, 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Superior,  E.  by  Lakes  Hu- 
ron, St.  Clair  and  Erie,  S.  by  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
and  W.  by  the  Northwest  Territory.  On  the  N. 
and  E.  its  boundary  is  the  same  with  that  of  the 
United  States ;  on  the  S.  it  is  the  same  with  the 
northern  boundaries  of  Ohio  and  Indiana ;  on  the 
W.  the  line  begins  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
Lake  Michigan,  and  runs  due  N.  to  Lake  Supe- 
rior. The  territory  extends  from  41"  31'  38''  to 
46"  39'  N.  lat.  and  from  82"  to  about  86"  W.  lon. 
It  is  350  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.  and  21 2  broad  on 
the  southern  boundary,  containing  about  40,000 
square  miles. 

The  territory  is  divided  by  Lake  Michigan  into 
two  parts.  The  eastern  ancl  much  the  largest  di- 
vision i«  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  three  sides  by 
Lakes  Michigan,  Huron,  St.  Clair  and  Erie,  and 
on  the  S.  side  by  the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana. 
The  western  division  is  also  a  peninsula,  inclosed 
between  Lake  Superior,  Lake  Michigan,  and  the 
western  boundary  of  the  territory.  The  part  of 
Michigan  to  which  the  Indian  title  has  been 
extinguished,  is  a  tract  in  the  S.  E.  along  the 
banks  of  Lake  Eric,  Lake  St.  Clair  and  Lake 
Huron,  extending  as  far  north  as  Thunder  bay 
river,  and  back  to  the  westward  about  80  miles ; 
besides  some  small  tracts  at  the  head  of  Green 
bay,  at  Uie  straits  of  St.  Mary,  and  around  Mich- 
illimackinac. In  1820,  there  were  five  counties, 
viz.  Wayne,  Munroo,  xVIacomb,  and  Oakland,  in 
the  S.  E.  and  Michillimackinac,  in  the  N. 

The  country  along  the  eastern  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  and  extending  into  the  interior  as  far  as 
tlie  dividing  ridge,  consists  of  sand  hills,  sometimes 
crowned  with  a  few  stinted  trees,  and  a  scanty 
vegetation,  but  generally  bare,  and  thrown  by  the 
wind  into  a  thousand  fantastic  shapes.  The  whole 
of  this  tract  has  been  gained  from  tlie  lake,  and  the 
land  is  still  continually  encroaching  upon  the 
water ;  every  storm  throwing  up  new  quantities  of 
alluvion.  The  eastern  part  of  the  territory,  con- 
sisting of  lands  ceded  by  the  Indian^,  has  never  till 
recently  been  brought  into  notice.  It  is  now  as- 
certained to  be  a  fertile  region,  v/ell  fitted  for 
wheat  and  fruit  of  all  kinds,  generally  level,  and 
watered  by  fine  rivers,  most  of  which  present  fa- 
cilities for  the  transportation  of  produce  from  the 
interior.  Since  the  lands  were  offered  for  sale  by 
the  U.  S.  government  in  1818,  emigrants  have 
flocked  liitlwr  in  great  number?,  and  perhaps  in 


M  I  C 

no  country  nortli  of  the  cotton  and  sugar  climate 
could  the  farmer  find  a  better  field  for  enterprise, 
or  a  surer  prospect  of  reward.  The  lands  on  Sa- 
ganaura  river  and  bay,  which  were  ceded  by  the 
Indians  in  1819,  are  represented  to  be  of  an  excel- 
lent quality  and  beautifully  situated.  The  white 
settlements  at  present  are  chiefly  in  the  S.  E.  on 
Lake  Erie,  the  river  Detroit,  Lake  St.  Clair,  and 
the  rivers  which  fall  into  them,  particularly  the 
Maumee,  Raisin,  and  Huron. 

The  climate  is  healthy,  and  much  milder  thaa 
in  the  Atlantic  states  in  the  same  latitude.  In  the 
eastern  part  it  resembles  that  of  the  western  coun- 
ties of  New-York  and  Pennsylvania ;  towards  the 
southern  boundary,  it  is  much  milder,  but  upon 
the  coast  of  Lake  Huron,  and  even  that  of  St. 
Clair,  it  is  more  severe.  No  state  in  the  Union  is 
so  bountifully  supplied  with  fish,  aquatic  fowls, 
and  wild  game.  The  trout  of  Michillimackinac 
have  a  superior  relish ;  they  weigh  from  10  to  70 
pounds,  and  are  taken  at  all  seasons.  White  fish 
are  caught  in  prodigious  numbers  in  the  river  De- 
troit, and  Lake  St.  Clair.  Sturgeon  are  common 
to  Lakes  Erie,  St.  Clair,  Huron  and  Michigan. 
The  beaver  frequents  the  rivers  running  into 
Lake  Michigan ;  bears,  wolves,  elk,  deer  and  foxes 
are  also  found  in  the  forests. 

The  territory  is  finely  situated  for  commerce, 
being  almost  surrounded  by  navigable  waters, 
which  will  undoubtedly  soon  be  com^ected  by  ca- 
nals with  the  Hudson  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
Mississippi  on  the  other.  The  vessels  which  nav- 
igate the  lakes  are  generally  from  10  to  60  tons 
burden.  The  amount  of  shipping  in  1819  was 
about  600  tons.  The  merchants  supply  them- 
selves with  European  goods  mostly  from  the  city  of 
New- York.  The  goods  are  transported  by  land  to 
Buffalo,  and  thence  by  water  to  Detroit ;  but  the 
revenue  is  defrauded  to  a  considerable  amount  by 
smuggling  carried  on  from  the  neighbouring  prov- 
ince of  Upper  Canada.  Detroit  and  Michilli- 
mackinac are  ports  of  entry.  Pop.  in  1810,  4,783 ; 
in  1819,  estimated  at  12,000,  and  very  rapidly  in- 
creasing. 

Michillimackinac,  commonly  called  Mackinaw, 
isl.  Michigan  Territory,  in  the  straits  which  con- 
nect Lake  Michigan  with  Lake  Huron,  184  m, 
N.  E.  Fort  Howard,  313  N.  Detroit.  Lon.  84"  10' 
W.  Lat.  45"  54'  N.  It  is  about  9  miles  in  circum- 
ference. The  village  of  Mackinaw  is  on  the  S.  E. 
side  of  the  island,  on  a  small  cove,  which  is  sur- 
rounded with  a  steep  cliflf,  150  feet  high ;  it  is  built 
on  two  streets  parsdlel  with  the  lake,  intersected 
by  others  at  right  angles,  and  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  and  about  100  houses.  On  the  top 
of  the  cliff  stands  the  fort.  Behind  the  fort,  at  the 
distance  of  half  a  mile,  is  another  summit,  150 
feet  higher,  and  300  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
lake,  on  which  fort  Holmes  is  erecteci;  from  this 
spot  there  is  an  extensive  prospect  into  Lake  Hu- 
ron and  Lake  Michigan.  The  figure  of  the  island 
suggested  to  the  Indians  the  appropriate  name  ol 
Michi-Mackinaw,  or  Great  Turtle.  It  exhibits  a 
beautiful  appearance,  seen  from  the  lake.  Here 
are  several  farms,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  isl- 
and is  uncultivated.  During  the  summer,  Mac- 
kinaw is  the  resort  of  many  fur  traders.  Here 
outfits  are  made,  the  clerks  and  engagees  sent  into 
the  Indian  country,  and  furs  are  brought  in  by 
tliem.  During  this  period  also,  many  thousand 
Indians,  from  the  regions  N.  W.  and  S.  W.  visit  the 
island,  on  their  way  to  Drummond's  island. 

Mkhillimackinac,  Straits  of,  the  channel  whi«U 


M  1  D 

connects  Lake  Michigan  with  Lake  Huron.  It  is 
about  40  miles  long  from  the  Channeaux  on  the 
E.  to  Point  Wagousinche  on  the  W.  and  at  the 
narrowest  part  4  miles  wide. 

Michipipicolon,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Superior,  on  the  N.  E.  side  of  the  lake.  Lat. 
47°  5G'  N. 

Michiscoui.     See  Missisque. 

Mickmash,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Benjamin,  E.  of  Bethhaven. 

Miekery,  small  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  frith  of  Forth, 
8  m.  N.  W.  Leith.     Lon.  3"  17'  W.    Lat.  56"  2'  N. 

Micm/a  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Mexico. 
Lat.  10"  15'  N. 

Middelfahrt,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Funen, 
on  the  Little  Belt,  24  m.  W.  by  N.  Odensee.  Lon. 
9°  39'  E.    Lat.  55"  32'  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Jdiddelharnis,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
18  m,  S.  W.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2,200. 

Middle  Bank,  a  fishing  ground  in  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  which  lies  from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  between  St. 
Peter's  Bank  and  that  of  Sable  island ;  between 
long.  57°  37'  and  59°  32'  W.  and  between  lat.  44" 
32'  and  45°  34'  N. 

Middle,  Cape,  the  W.  point  of  Staten  Land,  in 
the  straits  of  Le  Maire. 

Middle  Hero,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  an  island 
in  Lake  Champlain. 

Middle  Island,  isl.  oif  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  123°  lO:  E.    Lat.  34°  7'  S. 

Middle  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  in 
the  strait  between  the  islands  Billiton  and  Banca. 
It  divides  this  strait  into  two ;  the  W.  passage  is 
commonly  called  Gaspar's  strait,  and  the  E.  pas- 
sage, Clement's  strait. 

Middle  Island,  or  Thwart  the  Way,  small  isl.  in 
the  straits  of  Sunda,  oppasite  to  Hog's  point,  in 
Sumatra.     Lon.  105°  43'  E.    Lat.  6°  55'  S. 

Middle  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Celebes.     Lon.  120"  52' E.    Lat.  5"  40' S. 

Middle  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  122°  51'  E.    Lat.  5"  3»'  S. 

Middle  Mark,  one  of  the  five  marks  or  provinces 
into  which  Brandenburg  was  divided  until  the 
new  arrangement  in  1815.  It  lies  between  the 
Elbe  and  the  Oder,  and  contains  Berlin,  tiie  cap- 
ital of  the  Prussian  states.  Extent,  4,800  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  about  500,000.  It  now  forms  piirt  of  the 
province  of  Brandenburg,  and  governments  of 
Potsdam  and  Berlin. 

Middle  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  63"  W.    Lat.  59°  N. 

Middleborough,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  16  m. 
W.  Plymouth,  40  S.  by  E.  Boston.  Pop.  4,400. 
Here  are  ponds  which  produce  great  quantities  of 
iron  ore,  and  extensive  iron  works  are  erected. 

Middleboro''  4  corners,  p-v.  Plymouth  co.  Mass. 

Middleborough,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

Middlebrook,  p-v.  Augusta  co.  Va. 

Middlebrook  mills,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md, 

Middleburg,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  Zealand,  in 
the  small  island  of  Walcheren.  Though  no  longer 
fortified,  it  preserves  its  circular  mound  of  earth, 
divided  into  bastions,  and  surrounded  by  a  broad 
and  deep  ditch.  It  formerly  had  a  considerable 
share  of  the  Dutch  East  India  trade.  Its  other 
branches  are  the  import  of  wine,  chiefly  from 
Bourdeaux,  and  the  export  of  corn,  brought  to  its 
market  from  the  fertile  tracts  to  the  eastward  of 
the  island.  46  m.  S.  W.  Rotterdam,  85  S.  W.  Am- 
sterdam, Lon.  3°  37'  E.  Lat.  51°  30'  N,  Pop. 
15,000. 
Middleburg.    See  Eor>n~ 


M  I  t) 


459 


Middleburgh,  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  extperaity  of 
Ceylon,  and  attached  to  Jafnapatam. 

Middleburg,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S- 
Schoharie,  35  W.  Albany.     Pop.  3,236. 

Middleburg,  p-v.  Union  co.  Pa. 

Middleburg,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Middleh%irg,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Middleburg,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 

Middlebury,  p-t.  and  cap.  Addison  co.  V^t.  33  m= 
N.  N.  W.  Rutland,  35  S.  S.  E.  Burlington.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Otter  creek,  at  the  falls,  20 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  13  above 
Vergennes.  At  the  falls  there  are  2  cotton  manu- 
factories, a  nail  manufactory,  several  grist  mills 
and  saw  mills,  and  a  manufactory  for  sawing  mar* 
ble.  An  extensive  quarry  of  fine  marble  was  dis- 
covered in  1804,  on  the  bank  of  the  creek,  near 
the  centre  of  the  village.  It  is  now  wrought  into 
tombstones,  mantle-pieces,  sideboards,  &c.  and 
transported  to  various  parts  of  the  country  to  the 
amount  of  7  or  8,000  dollars  annually.  The  town 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  2  printing 
offices,  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Congre- 
gationalisls  and  1  tor  Methodists,  and  the  college 
buildings,  one  of  which  is  an  elegant  edifice  of 
stone,  4  stories  high,  and  containing  48  rooms  for 
students.     Pop.  2,138. 

Middlebury  college  was  incorporated  in  1800, 
and  has  been  supported  entirely  by  private  bounty. 
It  has  a  president,  5  professors,  and  2  tutors,  a 
library  of  more  tlian  1,200  volumes,  a  valuable 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  more  than  100  stu- 
dents. 

Middlebunj,  p-t.  Newhaven  co.  Ct.  22  ra.  N.  W, 
Newhaven,  \iQ  S.  W.  Hartford.     Pop.  847. 

Middlebury,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Middlejield,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  24  m.  W 
Northampton.     Pop.  822. 

Middlejield,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  3  m.  E.  Coopers- 
town,  35  S.  E.  Utica,  63  W.  Albany.    Pop.  2,003, 

Middle  Granmlle,  p-v.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 

Middle  Haddnm,  p-v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 

Middleham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  36  m.  N.  W. 
York,  232  N.  by  W.  London. 

Middlesex,  county  of  Eng.  which  comprises  the 
cities  of  London  and  Westminster,  and  though  one 
of  tlie  smallest  in  extent,  is  by  far  the  greatest  in 
the  kingdom,  in  point  of  wealth,  population  and 
importance.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  Surry  and  Kent, 
N.  by  Hertfordshire,  W.  by  Buckinghamshire,  and 
E.  bv  Essex.  It  contains  about  300  sq.  miles,  or 
192,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1811,  985,100;  families 
220,010,  of  whom  9,088  were  engaged  in  agi'icul- 
ture,  135,398  in  trade  and  mauuf^ictures,  and 
75,524  otherwise. 

Middlesex,  co.  in  Lcindon  district,  Up.  Canada, 
on  lake  Erie. 

Middlesex,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion 
river,  5  m.  N.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  401. 

Middlesex,  co.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by  New  Hamp- 
shire, E.  by  Essex  co.  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Nor- 
folk CO.  and  W.  by  Worcester  co.  Pop.  52,789. 
Chief  town,  Cambridge. 

Middlesex  canal,  Mass.  is  wholly  within  the 
county  of  Middlesex.  It  connects  Boston  harbor 
with  the  Merrimack  river.  It  is  supplied  with 
water  by  Concord  river,  which  it  crosses  on  its 
surface.  From  that  river  southward  it  descends 
107  feet,  by  13  locks,  to  the  tide  water  of  Boston 
harbor;  and  from  that  river  northward,  it  de- 
scends 21  feet,  by  3  locks,  to  the  level  of  Merri- 
'naok  river      The  loclrs  are  sdll  nO feet  by  12^.  Ti^jp 


^e& 


mi  D 


canal  is  31  miles  long,  24  feet  wide,  and  4  feet 
deep.  It  was  commenced  in  1793,  and  completed 
in  1804,  at  an  expense  of  more  than  $700,000,  and 
is  the  greatest  %vork  of  the  kind,  yet  finished  in 
the  United  States.  By  this  canal  and  Merrimack 
river,  an  easy  communication  is  opened  between 
Boston  and  tlie  interior  of  New  Hampshire. 

Middlesex,  co.  Ct.  on  both  sides  of  Connecticut 
nver,  bounded  N.  by  Hartford  co.  E.  by  New 
London  co.  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by 
New  Haven  co.  Pop.  70,723.  Chief  town,  Mid- 
dletown. 

Middlesex,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Canandai- 
gua  lake,  12  m.  S.  Canandaigua,  17  S.  W.  Geneva, 
209  fr.  Albany.     Pop.  1,078. 

Middlesex,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Essex  co.  E. 
by  Raritan  bay  and  Staten  island",  S.  by  Mon- 
mouth CO.  W.  by  Burlington  and  Somerset  coun- 
ties.   Pop.  20,381.    Chief  town,  New  Brunswick. 

Middlesex,  t.  Butler  co.  Fa.     Pop.  568. 

Middlesex,  co.  Va.  on  Chesapeake  bay,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  Rappahannock.  Pop.  4,414.  Slaves, 
2,476.     Chief  town,  Urbanna. 

Middle  States,  the  part  of  the  U.  S.  between  the 
Hudson  and  Potomac  rivers :  viz.  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Ma- 
ryland. 

Middleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire.  The  cotton 
manufacture  is  carried  on  here  in  all  its  processes ; 
and  the  printing  and  bleaching  works  are  on  a 
large  scale.  Pop.  4,422.  7  m.  N.  Manchester, 
193  N.  W.  Loudon.  Lon.  2"  12^  W.  Lat.  53° 
34' N. 

Middleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  1  m.  fr.  Wirks- 
worth.     Pop.  882. 

Middleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Wakefield.     Poj).  906. 

Middleton  in  Teesdale,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  9  m. 
N.  W.  Barnard  Castle.     Pop.  988. 

Middleton,  t.  Ireland,  on  the  N.  W.  angle  of 
Cork  harbor,  12  m.  W.  Youghal,  13  E.  Cork. 

Middleton,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Middleton,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  34  m.  W.  Wind- 
ier.    Pop.  1,207. 

Middleton,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  28  m.  N.  E. 
Concord.     Fop.  439. 

Middleton,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  9  m.  N.  W.  Salem. 
Pop.  541. 

Middleton,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  40  m.  W.  Cats- 
kill.     Pop.  231. 

Middleto7i,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,351. 

Middleton,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  579. 

Middleton,  Sir  Charles,  Island,  one  of  the  Fejee 
islands,  in  the  Pacific.    Lon.  181"  W.  Lat.  17°2'S. 

Middletoun,\.  Scotland,  12m.  S.  Edinburgh. 

Middletot/n,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  52  m.  N.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  1,207. 

Middletoivn,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on  the  island 
of  Rhode  Island,  2  m.  N.  E.  Newport,  28  S.  E. 
Providence.     Pop.  976. 

Middkioicn,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of 
Middlesex  co.  Ct.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Connecticut  river,  31  m.  from  its  mouth, 
15  S.  Hartford,  25  N.  E.  New  Haven,  35  N.  W. 
New  London.  Pop.  2,014;  and  including  the 
townahip,  5,382.  It  contains  a  courthouse ;  jail ; 
almshouse ;  2  banks,  one  of  which  is  a  branch  of 
tlie  U.  S.  bank ;  2  insurance  companies ;  2  print- 
ing-offices ;  and  10  houses  of  public  worship,  4 
for  Congregationalists,  8  for  Baptists,  1  for  Epis- 
copalians, 1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  strict  Con- 
gregationalists. There  are  several  important 
manufactories  in  this  town,  most  of  them  recently 


M  I  D 

established.  Among  them  are  a  sword  factory* 
where  about  5,000  swords  are  annually  manufac- 
tured ;  a  pistol  factory,  which  employs  60  or  70 
men,  who  make  8  or  10,000  pistols  annually ;  a 
rifle  factory,  which  employs  from  25  to  30  hands, 
and  produces  1,000  or  1,200  rifles  in  a  year;  an 
ivory  comb  factory,  a  pewter  factory,  and  a  fac- 
tory of  block-tin  buttons.  These  have  all  been 
established  since  1813,  and  most  of  tlie  swords, 
pistols,  and  rifles  have  been  sold  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  U.  S.  The  other  establishments  are 
2  woollen  factories,  2  cotton  factories,  a  paper 
mill,  powder  mill,  and  distillery.  A  lead  mine 
was  opened  about  the  year  1770,  on  the  Connecti- 
cut, 2  miles  S.  E.  of  the  city,  and  a  considerable 
quantity  of  metal  was  taken  from  it,  but  it  wa-S 
at  last  found  unprofitable,  and  was  abandoned. 

Middletoivn  Upperkouses,  p-v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  E. 
Delhi,  45  fr.  Kingston,  73  S.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,318.  It  has  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyteriane, 
and  1  for  Methodists. 

Middletotim,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Middletown,  v.  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  on  Rari- 
tan bay,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  creek,  which  di- 
vides the  town  from  Shrewsbury,  50  m.  E.  Tren- 
ton, 30  S.  W.  New  York.  Pop.  3,849.  It  contains 
an  academy,  and  2  churches.  In  this  town  arc 
Sandy  Hook,  the  highlands  of  Navesink,  and  the 
village  of  Middletown  point. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Swetara 
creek,  which  falls  into  the  Susquehannah,  2  m. 
below ;  6  m.  S.  Hummelston.  It  contains  a  church, 
and  above  100  houses,  and  has  considerable  trade 
in  wheat. 

Middletown,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa.  30  m.  W. 
Washington,  5  E.  of  the  Virginia  line.  It  con- 
tains 40  or  50  houses.  Coal  is  found  in  its  neighs 
borhood. 

Middletown,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa,     Pop.  1,663. 

Middletown,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  948. 

Middletown,  p-t.  New  Castle  co.  Del.  on  Apo- 
quinimink  creek,  21  m.  S.  W.  Wilmington. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  8  m.  N.  W. 
Fredericktown. 

Middletown,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  8i  m.  N.  W. 
Cambridge,  7  W.  Vienna. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  12  m.  E. 
Louisville.     Pop.  241. 

Middletown,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami, 
6  m.  fr.  Franklin,  14  above  Hamilton. 

Middletown,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 

Middletown.     See  Somerset. 

Middletown  point,  p-v.  in  Middletown,  N.  J.  on 
a  small  creek  which  runs  into  Raritan  bay,  14  m. 
N.  W.  Shrewsbury.  It  carries  on  some  trade  with 
New  York. 

Middle  icay,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Va. 

Middlewich,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester  co.  situated  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Dane  and  Crake,  18  m.  E. 
Chester,  167  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  27'  W.  Lat. 
53M6'N.     Pop.  1,132. 

Midgeley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  W,  by  N. 
Halifax.     Pop.  2,107. 

Midkursf,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex.  It  is  a  borough, 
and  sends  2  members  to  parliament.  1 1  m.  N. 
Chester,  50  S.  W.  London.  Lon.0M5'W.  Lat. 
49\59'N.     Pop.  1,256. 

Midia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  the  Black 
sea,  42  m.  N.  W.  Constantinople. 


M  I  L 


M 


461 


Midland,  district,  Up.  Canada,  extends  from 
lake  Ontario,  between  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quinte  and  the  mouth  of  Ganonoque  river,  back 
ta  the  river  Ottawa. 

Midnapore,  district,  Bengal,  formerly  a  portion 
of  the  province  of  Orissa.  It  contains  upwards  of 
6,000  sq.  miles,  and  a  million  and  a  half  of  inhabi- 
tants. It  was  ceded  to  the  E.  India  company  in  1761. 
Midnapore,  the  capital,  is  the  station  of  the  judge, 
collector,  &c.  Multitudes  of  pilgrims  pass  through 
it,  on  their  way  to  the  temple  of  Juggernaut.  The 
Baptists  have  a  missionary  here.  70  m.  W.  by  S. 
Calcutta.    Lon.  87"  25'  E.  Lat.  22"  25'  N. 

Midnoi.    See  Mednoi. 

Midway,  settlement,  Liberty  co.  Geo.  30  m.  S. 
Savannah,  9  W.  Sunbury.  Its  first  settlers  were 
from  Dorchester,  Mass.  Here  is  a  handsome  con- 
gregational church. 

Midwolde,  v.  Netherlands,  7  m.  W.  by  S.  Gro- 
ningen.     Pop.  1,200. 

Miechow,  t.  Poland,  22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cracow. 
Lon.  39°  26'  E.  Lat.  52°  50'  N.    Pop.  1,000. 

Miedniki,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  49  m.  E.  by 
3.  Memel.     Pop.  1,000. 

Miedzyrzycz,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  2  m.  S. 
Ostrog.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mielan,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mi- 
rande.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mierloo,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  4m. 
3.  Helmont.     Pop.  1,600. 

Miesy  or  Silberstadt,  t.  Bohemia,  64  m.  W.  S.W. 
Prague.     Pop.  2,400. 

Mifflin,  CO.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of  Cen- 
tre, Union,  Dauphin,  Cumberland,  and  Hunting- 
don.    Pop.  12,132.     Chief  town,  Lewistown. 

Mijlin,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,953. 

M^in,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,289. 

Mifflin,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  637. 

Mijiin,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Mijlin,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  E.  Colum- 
bus.    Pop.  in  1819,  210. 

Mijiin,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Piketon. 

Mifflinburg,  p-v.  Union  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Northumberland. 

Miffiintown,  p-t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  on  the  Juniatta, 
40  m.  N.  W.  Harrisburg. 

Migdol,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  Egypt,  near 
the  N.  W.  point  of  the  Red  sea. 

Migne,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  3  m.  N.  Poitiers. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Migron,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  10  m. 
N.  E.  Saintes.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mihiel,  t.  France,  on  the  Maesc,  33  m,  N.  W. 
Nancy.     Pop.  5,600. 

Mijarisima,  one  of  the  small  Japanese  islands. 
Lon.  139°  45'  E.  Lat.  34°  10' N. 

Mijaska.    See  Miasse. 

Mikalidi,  or  Maarlich,  t.  Anatolia,  in  A.  Tur- 
key, on  a  river,  the  ancient  Chyndus,  which  falls 
into  the  sea  of  Marmon.,  35  m.  \V.  Bursa. 

Miken,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  40  m.  E. 
Ekaterinograd. 

Milan,  formerly  a  duchy  in  the  north  of  Italy, 
between  the  Alps  on  the  north,  and  the  Appen- 
nines  on  the  S.  having  Piedmont  on  the  W.  and 
,the  Venetian  territory  on  the  EL  A  portion  of  it 
belongs  to  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia ;  the  remain- 
der now  forms,  along  with  the  duchy  of  Mantua, 
and  the  Valteline,  the  government  of  Milan,  the 
most  western  of  the  two  great  divisions  of  Aus- 
trian Italy.  The  government  contains  8,030  sq. 
miles,  and  2,082,000  inhabitants.  It  is  divided 
ioto  eight  delegations,  viz.  tho^e  of  Milan,  Pavia, 


Lodi,  Como,  Sondrio,  Bergamo,  Brescia,  andMan- 
tua.  Of  these,  the  delegation  of  Milan  contains 
670  sq.  miles,  and  427,000  inhabitants.  The  Sar- 
dinian Milanese  contains  about  3,300  sq.  miles, 
and  556,000  inhabitants. 

Milan,  or  Milano,  a  large  and  fine  city,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom  or  Aus- 
trian Italy.  It  is  on  the  river  Olona,  in  a  beauti- 
ful plain,  between  the  Ticiuo  and  the  Adda.  The 
streets  are,  in  general,  narrow  and  winding,  and 
the  private  houses  have  no  great  pretensions  to 
elegance,  but  the  public  edifices  display  all  the 
richness  and  magnificence  of  Italian  architect- 
ure. The  cathedral,  is  the  grandest  and  most 
imposing  specimen  of  Gothic  architecture  ex- 
tant, and,  after  St.  Peter's  of  Rome,  and  St. 
Paur  3  of  London,  the  finest  church  in  Europe. 
It  was  begun  in  the  16th  century,  but  on  so  large 
a  scale,  that  it  still  remains  unfinished.  It  is  built 
of  white  marble,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  ex- 
treme lightness  of  its  construction.  It  is  490  feet 
long,  298  broad,  and  260  high.  The  hospitals  and 
charitable  institutions  of  Milan  are  numerous. 
The  great  hospital  is  an  immense  edifice,  capable 
of  containing  1,200  patients.  The  great  foundling 
hospital  receives  about  4,000  children.  Of  the 
literary  and  scientific  institutions  the  first  is  the 
Ambrosian  college.  Its  valuable  library  contains 
60,000  volumes,  and  about  15,000  manuscripts, 
together  with  a  fine  gallery  of  paintings,  statues, 
antiques,  medals,  and  curiosities.  The  university 
of  Milan  was  constituted  by  the  empress  Maria 
Theresa  in  1766.  The  trade  of  Milan  is  notex- 
tensive.  The  exports  consist  of  rich  silk  stuffs, 
ribbons,  printed  cottons,  leather,  and  paper.  The 
porcelain  made  at  Milan  may  vie  with  almost  any 
in  Europe.  The  city  was  taken  on  the  15th  May 
1796,  by  the  French,  under  Bonaparte.  In  1799, 
the  French  were  driven  from  it  by  the  Austrians 
and  Russians  under  Suwarrow.  After  the  unfor- 
tunate battle  of  Marengo,  (June  1800,)  Milan 
again  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French.  It  is  now 
the  residence  of  an  Austrian  viceroy,  and  the  see 
of  an  archbishop.  75  m.  E.  N.  E.  Turin,  145  N. 
W.  Florence,  280  N.  W.  by  N.  Rome.  Lon.  9° 
11'  E.  Lat.  45°  28'  N.  Pop.  in  1805,  estimated  at 
120,000;  in  1808,  at  129,000;  and  in  1820,  at 
135,000. 

Milan,  p-v.  Duchess  co.  N.  Y. 

Milasa.     See  Melasso. 

Milaszo,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon. 
15°23'E.  Lat.  38"  20' N. 

Milbome  Port,  borough  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co. 
2  m.  N.  E.  Sherborne,  113  W.  by  S.  London.  Lon. 
2°  27'  W.  Lat.  50°  58'  N.     Pop.  1 ,000. 

Mildenhall,  St.  Andrew's,  i.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  42 
m.  N.  W.  Ipswich,  70  N.  N.  E.  London.  Pop. 
2,493. 

Miles,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,069. 

Milesburg,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa.  on  Bald  Eagle 
creek,  33  m.  N.  W.  Lewistown. 

Mileto,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  8  m.  N.  E. 
Nicotera. 

Milford,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.27  m.  S.  Con- 
cord. Pop.  1,118.  It  contains  2  churches,  and 
manufactories  of  cotton,  and  screws. 

Milford,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m.  S.  E. 
Worcester.     Pop.  973. 

Milford,  p-t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  on  Long  Island 
sound,  9  m.  S.  W.  New  Haven.  Pop.  2,674.  The 
village  contains  about  100  houses,  and  3  churches. 
The  harbor  has  sufiicient  d^pth  of  water  for  ves- 


462 


M  I  L 


sels  of  200  tons.  The  amount  of  shipping  owned 
here  is  about  1,500  tons.  In  this  town  is  a  very 
\Tiluable  quaurry  of  marble. 

Milford,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  Coop- 
erstown,  76  W.  Albany,     Pop.  2,025. 
Milford,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
Milford,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware, 
120  m.  above  Philadelphia-     The  river  here  forms 
a  good  harbor  for  boats. 

Milford,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,334. 
Milford,  t.  and  cap.  Pike  co.  Pa.     Pop.  83. 
Milford,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  on  the  Juniatta,  oppo- 
site Mifflintown.     Pop.  2,095, 

Milford,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,180. 
Milford,  Upper,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa,    Pop,  2,033. 
Milford,  p-t.  Kent  co.  Delaware,  on  the  N.  side 
of  Mispillion  creek,  which  falls  into  Delaware 
bay,  12  miles  below,  19  m,  S.  by  E.  Dover,  95  S. 
Philadelphia. 
Milford,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  S,  C. 
Milford,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 
Milford,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W.  Ham- 
ilton. 

Milford,  p-t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Little 
Miami,  12  m.  above  its  mouth,  15  N.  W.  Williams- 
burg. 

Milford,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 
Milford  Haven,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  sea,  at  the 
S.  W.  extremity  of  Wales,  in  Pembroke  co.  From 
its  entrance,  it  spreads  out  into  an  immense  ex- 
panse of  water,  extending  inland  more  than  20 
miles,  and  branching  off  into  numerous  creeks. 
It  is  universally  allowed  to  be  the  best  harbor  in 
Great  Britain,  being  so  capacious,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  well  sheltered,  that  it  might  hold,  in  per- 
fect security,  the  whole  navy  of  Great  Britain. 

Milford  Haven,  t.  Wales,  in  Pembroke  co.  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  above  mentioned  bay.  The 
trade  is  inconsiderable.  An  establishment  of 
packets  has  been  formed  here,  for  conveying  the 
mail  and  passengers  to  Waterford,  in  Ireland. 
Among  the  inhabitants  are  a  colony  of  Quakers 
from  Nantucket,  in  America,  who  have  erected  a 
quay,  and  formed  an  establishment  for  the  south- 
ern whale  fishery.  6  m.  W.  by  N.  Pembroke,  7 
S.  W.  West  Haverford,  238  W.  London,  by  Bre- 
con.    Lon,  5°  1'  W.  Lat.  51°  43'  N. 

Milford  Haven,  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Virginia. 
Lon.  76"  20'  W.  Lat.  37*^  26'  N. 
Milfordville,  p-v.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y. 
Milhars,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ceron  and  Aveyron,  13  m.  N.  Gaillac.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Milhau,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  on  the  Tarn,  27 
m.  S.  W.  Rhodez,     Pop.  6,100. 

Milhaud,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m.  S.W.  Nismes. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Miliana,  r.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 10  m.  S.  E.  Tunis. 

Miliquean  Creek,  or  Holland'' s  River,  r.  Canada, 
which  runs  into  Simcoe  lake. 

Militsch,  t.  Silesia,  30  m.  N,  N.  E.  Breslau.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Mill,  V.  Netherlands,  21  m.  E.  Boisle  Due.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Mill  Islands,  4  small  islands  in  Hudson's  bay. 
Lon.  78'  30'  to  79°  40'  W.  Lat.  64°  30'  N. 

Millac,  t.  France,  on  the  Vienne,  3  m.  S.  L'lUe 
en  Jourdain.     Pop.  1,300. 

Millas,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  10  m,  W. 
Perpignan,     Pop.  1,300. 

Millborough,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Va. 
Millborough,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  Va. 


M  I  h 

Millbury,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  m.  S.  Wdp- 
cester,  40  W.  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  in  1820,  935. 
It  is  watered  by  Blackstone  river,  which  contains 
numerous  mill  seats.  Here  are  a  paper  mill,  2 
oil  mills,  a  manufactory  of  black  lead,  a  woollen 
manufactory,  an  extensive  tannery,  a  gun  manu- 
factory which  employs  40  or  50  workmen,  an  ex- 
tensive forge,  a  manufactory  of  mill  saws,  a  rolling 
and  slitting  mill,  a  nail  manufactory,  and  several 
scythe  manulactories.  Millbury  was  formerly  a 
part  of  Sutton. 

Mill  creek,  hundred,  Newcastle  co.  Del.  Pop. 
2,313. 

Mill  creek,  p-v.  Berkley  co,  Va, 
Mill  creek,  or  J^ewburg,  p-v.  Cuyalioga   co. 
Ohio. 

Milledgeville,  p-t.  Baldwin  co.  Geo,  and  capital 
of  the  State,  is  on  the  Oconee,  300  miles  by  water 
from  Darien,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Alatamaha,  192 
by  land,  158  W,  N.  W.  Savannah,  87  W.  S.  W. 
Augasta.  Lat.  32°  56'  N.  Lon.  83°  12'  W.  Pop. 
about  2,000.  It  contains  a  state-house,  an  arse- 
nal, academy,  court-house,  jail,  state  peniten- 
tiary, 2  printing-offices,  and  2  houses  of  public 
worship,l  for  Baptists,and  1  for  Methodists.  It  is  sit- 
uated in  what  is  called  the  middle  country.  The 
river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  boats  of  30  ton?, 
and  large  quantities  of  cotton  and  other  produce 
are  brought  here  to  be  exported  to  Darien  and 
Savannah. 

Mille  Isles,  seigniory,  in  York  and  Effingham 
counties,  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  St. 
Jean  river,  18  m.  N.  W.  Montreal. 

Millersburg,  p-v.  Bourbon  co.  Ken. 

Miller'' s ferry,  p-v.  Randolph  co.  Illinois. 

Millers  river,  r,  Mass.  which  runs  into  Connect- 
icut river,  at  Northfield, 

Millerstown,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  Ju- 
niatta, 134  m.  W.  Philadelphia. 

Millerstown,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  ol 
Lehigh  river,  26  m.  S.  W.  Easton,  47  N.  W.  Phil- 
adelphia, 

MiUery,  t,  France,  on  the  Rhone,  7  m.  S.  Ly- 
ons.    Pop.  1,700. 

Millesimo,  t.  Sardinian  statcp,  30  m.  W.  Genoa. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Mille  vaches,  seigniory,  Northumberland  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Mill  farm,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Millford,  V.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire.  Here  are  two' 
large  cotton  mills,  and  an  extensive  bleachfield. 

Mill  Grove,  p-v.  Cabarras  co.  N,  C. 

Mill  hall,  p-v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

Mill  haven,  p-v.  Scriven  co.  Geo. 

Millieres,  v.  France,  in  La  Manche,  10  m.  N. 
Coutances.     Pop.  1,300. 

Millingen,  t.  Prussian  states,  11  m.  E.  Cleves. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Millom,  or  Mil-hvJme,  v.  Eng.  in  Cumberland, 
12  m.  S.  Ravenglass.     Pop.  882. 

Mill  river,  r.Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  W.  side 
of  the  Scioto,  25  m.  above  Columbus. 

Millsborough,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  Del. 

Millsjield,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  W.  Umbagog 
lake.  • 

Millstone,  t.  Somerset  co,  N,  J,  on  Millstone 
creek,  a  S,  branch  of  the  Raritan,  14  m.  N.  Prince- 
ton. 

Milllhorpe,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  8i  m.  S. 
by  W.  Kendal,  251i  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  1,138, 

Millville,  p-v,  Cumberland  co.  N,  J.  l»m.  E. 
Bridgetown. 


M  I  N 


M  I  N 


463 


Miikille,  p-V.  King  George  co.  Va. 

Millwood,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Milly,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  9  m.  W. 
Fontainbleau.   Pop.  1,900. 

Milli/,  t.  France,  in  La  Mancho,  3  m.  N.  E.  St. 
Hilaire.     Pop.  1,200. 

JUilly,  t.  France,  in  Oiae,  6  m.  N.  W.  Beauvais. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Milnathort,  v.  Scotland,  in  Kinross-shire,  14  m. 
9.  Pertii. 

Milnport,  V.  Scotland,  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  the 
i'sle  of  Cambray,  with  a  good  harbour. 

Milo,  (an.  Melos,)  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  in 
the  Grecian  arciiipelago,  100  m.  S.  by  E.  Athens. 
Lon.  24"  13'  32"  E.  Lat.  36°  42'  30"  N.  Pop,  about 
1,300.  It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  Med- 
iterranean. Ships  generally  stop  at  this  island  for 
pilots  through  the  archipelago. 

Millenberg,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Maine,  28 
m.  W.  Wurzburg,  18  S.  Aschaffenburg.  Pop. 
2,700. 

Milton,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  40  m.  E.  London.  Lon. 
0°  43'  E.  Lat.  51"  21'  N.     Pop.  1,746. 

Milton,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  E.  of 
Montreal. 

Milton,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Piscataqua, 
27  m.  N.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,005. 

Milton,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  at  the  mouth  of  Lamoil  river,  1 1  m.  N.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  1,546. 

Milton,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  on  Neponset  riv- 
er, which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of 
150  tons,  7  m.  E.  Dedham,  7  S.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,264.  It  contains  an  academy,  several  paper 
mills,  and  a  chocolate  mill.  Milton  hill,  in  this 
town,  commands  a  most  delightful  prospect. 

Milton,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  4  m.  N.  Saratoga 
court-house,  30  N.  Albany.  Pop.  276.  It  con- 
tains the  celebrated  village  of  Ballston  Spa.  In 
Milton  there  are  3  churches,  and  a  great  number 
of  mills. 

Milton,  or  King^s  ferry,  p-v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

Milton,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  W. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  N.  Sunbury. 

Milton,  or  Broadkill,  p-t.  Sussex  co,  Del, 

Milton,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  on  the  Rivanna, 
80  m.  N.  W^.  Richmond. 

Milton,  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 

Milton,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

Milton,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  S.  W.  Troy. 

Milton,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

Milton,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  N.  E.  Woos- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,  120. 

Milton's  bluff.     See  Marathon,  Alabama. 

Milverton,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  7  m.  W. 
Taunton.  Lon.  3"  16'  W.  Lat.  51"  2'  N.  Pop. 
1,637. 

Milville,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W.  Hamil- 
ton. 

Milwaukie,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Michigan,  90  m.  N.  W. 
Chicago,  after  a  course  of  70  or  80  miles. 

Mina,  t.  Arabia,  about  20  m.  S.  Mecca. 

Mina,  r,  Algiers,  which  falls  into  the  Shelliff, 
12  m.  E.  Mustygannim. 

Minab,  a  fortified  seaport  of  Kerman,  in  Persia, 
on  the  Persian  gulf.  Lon.  56°  40'  E.  Lat.  27° 
8'N. 

Minarzo,  Cape,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Galicia.  Lon.  9°  10'  W.  Lat.  42'^  51'  N. 

Minas,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  34  m.  N.  E.  Maldona- 
io.  Lon, 55°  5' 34"  W.  Lat.  34° 21' 30'  ^. 


Minas  Bay,  or  Ba»in,  gulf  on  the  S.  E.  side  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy,  12  leagues  long,  and  3  broad. 

Minas  Geraes,  a  province  or  capitania  of  Bra- 
zil, from  600  to  700  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and 
about  the  same  distance  from  E.  to  W.  It  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  Bahia,  W.  by  Goyaz  ;  S.  by  Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro. This  vast  territory  produces  in  abundance 
both  gold  and  diamonds.  The  regular  military 
establishment  of  the  capitania  consists  of  1,400 
cavalry.  They  are  appointed  to  guard  the  dia- 
mond district ;  and  are  employed  exclusively  in 
the  mining  country,  which  they  never  quit,  ex- 
cept when  they  escort  diamonds  and  treasure  te 
the  capital.  Pop.  estimated  at  360,000,  of  whom 
200,000  are  negroes. 

Minch,  arm  of  the  sea,  Scotland,  which  sepa- 
rates the  isle  of  Sky  from  Long  island. 

Minching  Hampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester  co.  10 
m.  W.  Cirencester,  98  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  11' 
W.  Lat.  51°  42'  N.     Pop,  3,246, 

Minchivavida,  small  isl,  near  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lat,  44°  40'  S, 

Mincio,  r,  Italy,  which  passes  by  Mantua,  and 
falls  into  the  Po,  8  miles  below.  It  is  the  outlet 
of  the  lake  of  Garda. 

Mindanao.     See  MagirAano. 

Mindelheim,  t,  Bavaria,  27  m.  S.  S.  W.  Augs- 
burg,    Pop,  1,400. 

Minden,  a  government  of  the  Prussian  states^ 
made  up  of  the  former  principalities  of  Minden, 
Paderborn,  Rittberg,  and  Corvey,  the  bailiwick  of 
Reckeberg,  and  the  lordship  of  Rheda.  Area, 
2,000  sq.  mile?.     Pop.  330,000, 

Minden,  t,  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  and  cap,  of 
the  government  of  the  same  name,  stands  on  the 
Weser.  In  1806,  it  was  occupied  by  the  French, 
and  finally  ceded  to  Prussia  in  1814;  since  which 
its  fortifications  have  been  renewed  and  extended. 
34  m.  W.  Hanover.  Lon.  8°  53'  E.  Lat.  52°  17'  N. 
Pop.  6,800. 

Minden,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
hawk, 25  m.  W.  Johnstown,  62  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
4,788.     It  contains  3  Dutch  Reformed  churches. 

Minden,  p-v.  Ontario  co.  N,  Y. 

Mindo,  t,  Quito,  20  m,  N,  W.  Quito, 

Mindoro,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  110  miles 
long,  by  about  25  broad,  Lon.  120°  24' to  121°  24' 
E.  Lat,  12°21'tol3°S0'N, 

Mine  au  Burton,  See  Potosi,  Missouri, 

Mine  au  fer,  or  Iron  Mine,  v.  Kentucky,  on  the 
Mississippi,  15  m,  below  the  mouth  of  Ohio  river. 

Mine  Biled  el  Habesh,  harbour  of  the  Red  sea,, 
on  the  coast  of  Egypt.  Lat.  23°  15'  N. 

Minehead,  a  borough  and  s-p.  Eng.  in  Somerset 
CO.  on  the  Bristol  channel.  24  m.  W.  of  Bridge 
water.  Lon.  3°  28'  W.  Lat.  51°  12'  N.  Pop. 
1,037. 

Minehead,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  oi 
Waterford..  Lon.  7"  36'  W.  Lat.  51°  58'  N. 

Minehead,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  58  m.  N.  E,  Montpelier,     Pop,  144. 

Mineo,  t.  Sicily,  32  m.  N.  W.  Syracuse.  Pop, 
5,300. 

Mineral  fork,  r.  Missouri,  a  branch  of  Big  river, 
which  flows  into  the  Maramec. 

Mine  river,  r.  Howard  co.  Missouri,  which  flows 
into  the  S.  side  of  the  Missouri  200  miles  above  its 
mouth.     It  is  navigable  40  miles. 

Minerva,  t.  Essex  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  W.  of  Elizabeth- 
town. 

Mintrva, p-t.  Masoa  co.  Ken.  13  m.fr.  Washing- 
ton 


464 


M  I  P 


M  I  K 


Minervw^f  L  Naples,  in  the  Capitaiiata,  85  m. 
E.  Naples.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Mingan  Islatids,  islands  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  W. 
Anticosti.  Lon.  64"  W.  Lat.  50"  15'  N. 

Mingrdiay  a  large  country  of  Asia,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Caucasian  mountains,  between  the 
Caspian  and  the  Black  seas.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
Georg-ia,  E.  by  Immeretia,  S.  by  tlie  river  Phasis, 
and  W.  by  the  Black  sea.  The  prince  is  depen- 
dent on  the  Russians. 

Minho,  r.  wliich  separates  Spain  from  Portugal, 
and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  15  m.  S.  W.  Tuy. 

Minho,  the  Province.  See  Enlre  Douro  e 
Minho. 

Miniato  al  Tedescho,  t.  Tuscany.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.     Pop.  2,000. 

Miniet  Ebn  Kasib,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Nile,  22  m.  S.  Abu  Girge. 

Minisink^  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  W.  Goshen, 
25  W.  Newberg.     Pop.  4,005. 

Minisink,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Delaware, 
5  m.  below  Montague,  57  N.  W.  Brunswick. 

Minitoba,  lake,  Canada,  100  miles  long,  and 
from  10  to  15  wide.  Lon.  100°  20'  W.  Lat.  50° 
40' N. 

Minni,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  province  of  Armenia. 

Minnith,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  the 
Ammonites,  4  m.  from  Heshbon.  It  supplied  the 
«ity  of  Tyre  with  wheat. 

Mino,  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands.  Lon. 
124"  30' E.  Lat.  10°  6' N. 

Minong,  or  Isle  Royal,  isl.  Canada,  in  Lake  Su- 
perior, 30  miles  long,  and  10  broad.  Lon.  89°  W. 
Lat.  48°  N. 

Minorca,  one  of  the  B  alearic  islands,  in  the  Me- 
diterranean, 37  m.  E.  of  Majorca,  and  120  from 
the  coast  of  Spain.  Area,  240  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
31,000.  The  importance  of  the  island  has  been 
altogether  owing  to  the  valuable  harbour  of  Port 
Mahon.  The  exports  are  wine,  wool,  and  cheese. 
The  other  products  are  olives  and  olive  oil,  salt, 
honey,  fruit,  pulse,  and  vegetables.  The  island 
was  taken  by  the  British  in  1798,  but  restored  to 
Spain  in  1802. 

Minori,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  on  the 
?ulf  of  Salerno,  7  m.  W.  S.  W.  Salerno.  Pop. 
2,100. 

Minot,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the  An- 
droscoggin, 33  m.  N.  Portland. 

Minsk,  a  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  Dwina  on  the  N.  to  the  province  of 
Volhynia  on  the  S.  Area,  3.7,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  950,000.  Wood  and  potash  are  al- 
most the  only  articles  of  export.  The  inhabitants 
are  a  mixture  of  Poles,  Lithuanians,  Tartars,  Ar* 
menians,  Greeks,  Jews,  and  gypsies.  The  chief 
part  are  Catholics. 

Minsk,  t.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, on  the  river  Swislocz,  310  m.  E.  N.  E.  War- 
saw. Lon.  27°  40'  E.  Lat.  53°  43'  N.  Pop.  2,000, 
chiefly  Jews. 

Minsk,  t.  Poland,  25  m.  E.by  S.  Warsaw. 

Minton,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  a  lit- 
tle to  the  S.  of  the  line.     Lon.  97°  8'  E. 

Minuciano,  t.  Italy,  in  Lucca,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Carrara. 

Minzesheim,  t.  Baden,  2  m.  W.  N.  W.  Goch- 
sheim.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mioutobn,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  7°  35' E. 

Mivrm-ats,  t  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  52  m.  N,  W. 
Bophla. 


Miquelon,  ial.  S.  W.  of  Newfoundland,  9  m.  W 
Cape  May.     Lon.  55°  55'  W.  Lat.  47°  4'  N. 

Mira,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  W.  Venice.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Mira,  t.  Portugal,  on  the  coast  of  Beira,  13  m.  S. 
Braganza  Nova.     Pop.  1,600. 

Mira,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Pacific,  by  sev 
eral  mouths,  in  lat.  1"  40'  N. 

Mirabel,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  9  m.  N.  Montau 
ban. 

Mirabella,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  10  m, 
S.  E.  Benevento.     Pop.  5,500. 

Mirabello,  t.  Naples,  in  Moiise,  20  m.  N.  Bene- 
vento.    Pop.  2,100. 

Miradoux,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  7  m.  N.  E.  Lec- 
toure.     Pop.  1,700. 

Miargoane,  t.  Hispaniola,  on  the  N.  W.  coast, 
31  leagues  E.  by  S.  Port  au  Prince.  Lat.  18° 
27'  N. 

Miratnachi,  bay  and  river  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New  Brunswick.  The  bay  sets  up  between  Por- 
tage island  on  the  N.  and  Escuminax  point  on  the 
S.  40  m.  N.  W.  of  Shediac  bay,  and  35  S.  E.  Cha- 
leur  bay.  Here  is  a  port,  where  the  timber  trade 
is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  sal- 
mon fishery  also  is  pretty  extensive.  The  river  is 
formed  by  two  branches,  called  N.  W.  and  S.  W. 
which  unite  about  40  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  bay.  The  number  of  settlers  amounts  to  about 
2,000. 

Mirambeau,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  12 
m.  S.  Pons.     Pop.  2,200. 

Miranda,  r.  Spain,  which  rises  among  the  moun- 
tains of  Asturias,  separates  that  province  from  Ga- 
licia,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic. 

Miranda  de  Corvo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  m. 
S.  E.  Counbra.     Pop.  2,700. 

Miranda  de  Ebro,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  on  thfe 
Ebro,  32  m.  N.  E.  Burgos.  Lon.  3°  22'  W.  Lat, 
42°  30'  N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mirande,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  11  m.  S.  W.  Aucb. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Mirandela,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes,  22 
m.  S.  W.  Braganza.  Lon.  6°  58'  W.  Lat.  41°  25'  N. 
Pop.  4,700. 

Mirandol,  v.  France,  in  Tarn,  14  m.  N.  Alby. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Mirandola,  t.  Italy,  in  the  states  of  Modena.  It 
is  regularly  fortified,  and  defended  by  a  citadel 
and  castle,  called  La  Rocca.  It  contains  a  cathe- 
dral, and  15  churches.  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Modena, 
22  S.  E.  Mantua.  Lon.  11°  5'  E.  Lat.  44°  5tf  N. 
Pop.  8,200. 

Mirano,  t.  Austrian  Italv,  11  m.  N.  E.  Padua. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Miraporvos,  isl.  among  the  Bahamas.  Lon.  74* 
46'  W.  Lat.  21°  55'  N. 

Miravel,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  12m.S.  S.  W, 
Placentia. 

Miray  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton.     Lon.  59°  49'  W  .Lat.  46°  5'  N. 

Mirebalais,  t.  Hispaniola,  12  leagues  N.  Port  au 
Prince. 

Mirebeau,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  12  m.  N 
N.  E.  Poitiers.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mirebeau,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  13  m.  N.  E 
Dijon.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mirebel,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  8  m.  N.  E.  Lyons. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Mirecourt,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  30  m.  S.  Nancy 
Pop.  5,100. 

Mirefleur,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  9  m.  S- 
E.  Clermont.    Pop.  l,60a 


M  I  S 

Miremont,  t.  France,  in  Puy-cle-Dome,  23  m. 
W.  Rrom.     Pop.  1,200. 

Miremont,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  12  m. 
N.  E.  llieux.  Pop.  1,000. — Also  a  town  in  Dor- 
dogne,  10  m.  S.  W.  Montignac.     Pop.  1,000. 

Mireni,  t.  Walachia,  30  m.  S.  Bucharest. 

Mirepoix,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  18  xn.  N.  E. 
Tarascon.     Pop.  2,900. 

Mirgorod,  t.  Russia,  in  Kiev,  12  m.  S.  E.  Kiev. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Miropolje,  t  Russia,  in  Kursk,  88  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Charkov.  Lon.  34°  34'  E.  Lat.  SV  22'  N.  Pop. 
6,300. 

Mirsapore,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Ganges.  It  is  the  chief  mart  for  silk  and  cotton 
between  the  British  and  iVIahratta  territories. 
Lon.  83°  35'  E.  Lat.  25°  10'  N, 

Miselar,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Sumatra.     Lon.  98°  30'  E.  Lat.  1°  39'  N. 

Miseno,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Italy,  forming  the  W.  point  of  the  bay  of  Naples. 
Lon.  13°  52'  E.  Lat  40°  48' JV. 

Misery,  small  isl.  Mass.  off  Salem  harbour,  1  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Baker's  island. 

Misitra,  pronounced  Mistra,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
the  S.  E.  part  of  the  Morea,  28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tripo- 
lizza.  It  stands  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Taygetus,  in  a  most  beautiful  and 
picturesque  situation.  Since  the  unfortunate  in- 
vasion of  the  Morea  by  the  Russians,  in  1770,  Mi- 
sitra is  falling  into  ruins.  Among  the  ruinous 
buildings  are  several  fragments  of  sculpture,  the 
relics  of  the  famous  Sparta,  which  stood  2  miles 
distant  from  the  modern  Misitra.     Pop.  4,000. 

Misivri,  or  Missevria,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Roma- 
nia, on  the  Black  sea,  15  m.  N.  E.  Burgas. 

Mi^kolcs,  i,  Hungciry,  33  m.  W.  Tokay.  Lon. 
20°  37'  17"  E.  Lat.  48°  5'  56''  N.     Pop.  13,600. 

Mislowits,  t.  Silesia,  34  m.  W.  N.  W.  Cracow. 
Lon.  19°  5'  E.  Lat.  50"  13'  N. 

Mispillion,  t.  Kent.  co.  Del.     Pop.  5,893. 

Missiglia,  t.  Italy,  17  m.  i\.  byE.  Milan. 

Misse,  t.  France,  in  'I'wo  Sevres,  4  m.  S.  Thou- 
ars.     Pop.  1,000. 

Missiguinnipi  Lake,  lake,  Canada,  100  m.  N. 
Quebec.     Lon.  7 1°  30'  VV.  Lat.  48°  3'  N. 

Missiguinnipi  River,  r  Canada,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Saguenay.     Lon.  71°  10'  W.  Lat.  48°  22'  N. 

Missisque,  r.Vt.  which  rises  S.  W.  of  Lake  Mem- 
phramagog,  and  runs  into  Missisque  bay,  in  tlie  N. 
E.  part  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Mississippi,  r.  U.  Slates,  rises  in  lat.  47°  47'  N. 
and  lon.  95°  6'  W.  amidst  lakes  and  swamps  dreary 
and  desolate  beyond  description,  and  after  a  S.  E, 
course  of  about  600  miles,  reaches  the  falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  in  lat.  44°  N.  where  it  descends  perpen- 
dicularly 30  feet.  From  these  falls  to  the  j  unction 
of  the  Missouri,  in  lat.  38°  27'  N.  the  distance  is 
1,030  miles,  and  from  the  junction  of  tlie  Missouri 
to  its  mouth,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  1,395  miles, 
making  the  whole  length  of  the  river  more  than 
3,000  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  of  40  tons  to 
the  falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Ships  seldom  ascend 
above  Natchez.  The  navigation  of  the  river  is  at- 
tended with  danger  on  account  of  sawyers,  plan- 
ters, falling  banks,  and  other  difficulties.  Sawyers 
are  large  trees,  whose  roots  are  fastened  to  the 
bottom  of  the  river,  while  the  top  just  appears  at 
the  level  of  the  water.  The  tree  is  continually 
forced  downward  by  the  current,  which  is  still  not 
strong  enough  to  tear  it  out,  and  suffers  it  occasion- 
ally to  recoil,  so  that  a  regular  vibratory  motion 
is  kept  tip,  which  i?  performe<l  onre  ifi  ten  or  fif. 


3H  I  s 


46.5 


teen  minutes ;  and  if  a  boat  be  passing  over  it  at 
tlie  time  it  is  recoiling,  the  destruction  of  the  boat 
13  inevitable.  Wlien  the  top  of  the  tree  does  not 
quite  reach  the  suriace  of  the  water,  it  is  called  a 
i>ltepi/ig  Sawyer,  and  this  is  the  most  dangerous,  for 
it  ciiiuiot  be  seen.  Planters,  are  trees  in  a  similar 
situation,  but  firmly  fixed,  having  no  motion. 
Falling  banks  are  parts  of  the  bank,  so  undermined 
by  the  current,  that  pieces  of  them,  frequently 
more  than  an  acre  in  extent  are  falling  into  the 
stream.     Boats  are  often  destroyed  by  them. 

I'he  current  of  the  Mississippi  is.very  rapid.  The 
passage  of  ships  ascending  the  river  Irom  the  Ba- 
lize  to  New-Orleans  takes  up  from  5  to  30  days, 
while  a  light  wind  will  carry  them  down  in  12 
hours.  From  JXew-Orleans  to  the  mouth  of  the  Il- 
linois, the  voyage  formerly  required  8  to  10  weeks. 
But  the  introduction  of  steam- boats  has  greatly 
facilitated  the  ascent  of  the  river,  and  the  voyage 
is  now  periormed  in  less  tlian  one  third  of  the  time 
formerly  demanded.  'I'he  number  of  steam-boats 
has  very  rapidly  increased  within  a  few  years,  and 
is  still  increasing.  The  first  steam-boat  on  the  west- 
ern waters  was  built  at  Pittsburg,  in  1811.  In 
1819,  there  were  50,  measuring  together  7,306 
tons.  At  the  same  time  there  were  12  new  boati 
on  the  stocks. 

'i'he  principal  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  from 
the  west,  are  Red  nver,  Arkansaw,  White  river, 
Missouri,  Des  Moiues,  and  St.  Peters  ;  and  from 
the  east,  the  Yazoo,  Ohio,  Illinois,  aadOuisconsin. 
'I'he  banks  of  the  Aiissiscippi  are  annually  inunda- 
ted lor  a  consiUeratile  extent,  particularly  on  the 
western  bank,  and  m  the  lower  part  of  its  course. 
Just  beiow  the  mouth  of  Ited  river,  commence.i 
what  is  called  the  Delta  of  the  Mississippi.  l'h« 
river  here,  ini-teau  oi  r<=ceiving  the  tribute  of  infe- 
rior streams,  divides  into  numerous  branches  or 
bayous,  which,  diverging  from  each  otlier,  slowly 
wind  their  way  to  tht  sea.     See  Louisiana. 

Mississippi,  one  ol  the  U.  States,  hounded  N.  by 
Tennessee  •,  L.  by  Alabama ;  S.  by  the  "ulf  of 
Mexico  and  Louisiana  ;  W.  by  Louisiana  and  the 
ArUausaw  territory.  The  boundary  runs  as  fol- 
lows :  Ueginning  on  the  Mississippi  at  35"  N.  lat. 
it  proceeds  due  east  to  Tennessee  river,  and  up 
that  river  to  the  mouth  of  Bear  creek  ;  thence  in 
a  southerly  course  to  theN.  W.  point  of  Washing- 
ton CO.  in  Alabama  ;  thence  due  S.  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  ;  tiience  westwardly,  including  all  the  isl- 
ands within  six  leagues  of  the  shore,  to  the  mouth 
of  Pearl  river ;  up  that  river  to  31°  N.  lat.,  thence 
due  W.  to  the  Mississippi,  and  up  that  river  to  the 
place  01  beginning.  It  extends  from  lat  30"  10'  to 
35"  N.  and  from  lon.  88'  10'  to  91°  35'  W.  and  con- 
tains about  45,000  square  miles,  or  29,000,000 
acres. 

About  one  half  of  the  territory  of  this  State,  em- 
bracing the  northern  and  north-eastern  {)arts,  is 
in  the  possession  of  the  Chickasaw  and  Choctaw 
Indians.  In  1820,  the  Choctaws  ceded  to  the 
U.  State.--,  alar^e  tract,  including  all  thexr  lands  on 
the  Mississippi,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ailcan- 
saw.  The  part  of  the  State  belonging  to  the 
whites  is  in  the  S.  and  S.  W.  and  in  1816,  was  di- 
vided  into  13  counties,  containing  44,208  inhabi- 
tants,  of  whom  20,547  were  slaves.  Two  thirds 
of  this  population  Wds  coucenti-ated  in  the  countiea 
borUeriag  on  the  Mississippi,  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Yazoo. 

'1  he  southern  part  of  the  State  for  about  100 
miles  from  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  mostly  aflat  coun- 
try, with  occasiwual  hill"?  of  moderate  elevation, 
59 


466 


M  I  S 


and  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  long  leaved  pine, 
interspersed  with  cypress  swamps,  open  prairies, 
and  inundated  marshes.  As  you  proceed  farther 
north,  the  country  becomes  more  elcA'ated  and 
agreeably  diversified,  £ind  the  soil  is  a  deep  rich 
mould.  The  Indian  country  is  very  fertile,  and 
enjoys  as  fine  and  healthy  a  climate  as  any  on  the 
continent.  On  the  Mississippi,  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Yazoo  and  the  southern  boundary  of  the 
State,  there  are  extensive  bottom  lands,  occupying 
a  surface  of  about  600  square  miles,  liable  to  an- 
nual inundation.  The  hilly  country  rises  like 
a  buttress  from  this  plain,  and  for  10  or  15  miles 
towards  the  interior,  presents  a  warm  and  waving 
soil,  generally  composed  of  rich  loam,  and  admi- 
rably adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton.  The 
price  of  land  is  very  high  in  this  part  of  the  State, 
and  immense  profits  have  been  realized  by  the 
cotton  planters.  The  sugar  cane  is  sometimes 
planted  as  high  up  as  Natchez,  but  not  with  the 
same  success  as  is  experienced  farther  south.  To- 
bacco and  indigo  were  formerly  extensively  culti- 
vated, but  since  the  introduction  of  cotton,  they 
have  been  almost  abandoned.  Most  of  the  flour 
and  grain  used  in  the  settlements  on  the  Mississippi 
is  brought  from  Kentucky. 

Mississippi  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1817. 
By  the  act  of  admission,  it  is  provided  that  the 
public  lands  shall  be  exempted  from  all  taxes, 
while  belonging  to  the  U.  States,  and  for  6  years 
from  the  day  of  sale  ;  and  that  lands  belonging  to 
citizens  of  the  U.  States,  residing  without  the  State 
shall  never  be  taxed  higher  than  lands  belonging 
to  persons  residing  therein ;  and  that  the  river 
Mississippi,  and  the  navigable  rivers  and  vraters 
leading  into  the  same,  or  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
shall  be  common  highways,  and  for  ever  free  of 
toll  or  duty  to  all  the  citizens  of  the  U.  States.  In 
return  for  this  concession,  Congress  have  provided 
that  after  paying  a  debt  of  1,250,000  dollars  to 
Georgia,  and  indemnifying  certain  claimants,  5 
per  cent.,  of  the  nett  proceeds  of  the  public  lands 
lying  within  the  State  shall  be  devoted  to  making 
roads  and  canals  for  the  benefit  of  the  State. 

The  climate  is  temperate,  and  in  the  elevated 
parts,  generally  healthy.  The  bay  of  St.  Louis  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  State,  is  esteemed  one  of 
the  most  salubrious  places  in  that  climate,  and  is 
the  retreat  of  many  oi  the  citizens  of  New-Orleans 
during  the  sickly  season.  At  Shieldsborough,  on 
this  bay,  50  m.  N.  E.  New-Orleans,  a  college  v/aa 
established  in  1818.  Natchez  is  much  the  largest 
town  in  the  State,  but  Monticello  is  the  seat  of 
government. 

Miisnuri,  the  largest  river  of  North  .\merica,  is 
formed  by  three  branches,  called  Jefferson's,  Mad- 
ison's, and  Gallatin's,  rivers,  all  of  wliich  rise  intbe 
Rocky  Mountains,  between  42° and  48"  N.  lat  and 
unite  at  one  place,  in  lat.  45°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  110" 
W.  Frorn  the  confluence  of  these  streams  to  the 
Great  Falls,  the  course  of  the  river  is  northerly ; 
thence  to  the  Mandan  villages  easterly  ;  and  from 
the  Mandan  villages  to  the  junction  with  the  Mis- 
sissippi, it  runs  first  S.  and  afterwards  S.  E.  The 
whole  length  flora  the  highest  navigable  point  of 
Jefferson's  river,  to  the  confluence  with  the  Missis- 
sippi, is  0,096  miles,  and  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
4,491.  During  this  whole  distance  there  is  no 
cataract  or  considerable  impediment  to  the  naviga- 
tion, except  at  the  Great  Falls,  which  are  '2,575 
miles  from  the  Mississippi.  At  these  falls,  the  river 
descends  in  the  distance  of  18  miles,  362  feet.  The 
first  great  pitch  in  ascending  tlie  river,  is  98  f<;et ; 


M  I  S 

the  second,  19  ;  the  third,  47;  and  the  fourth,  26' 
The  width  of  the  river  is  here  about  350  yards,  anfi 
and  from  every  description,  the  cataracts  are  next 
to  those  of  Niagara,  the  grandest  in  the  world. 

About  100  miles  above  the  falls,  is  the  place  call- 
ed the  Gates  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  rocks 
here  rise  perpendicularly  from  the  water's  edge, 
to  the  height  of  nearly  1,200  feet,  through  a  dis- 
tance of  more  than  5  miles,  and  the  river  is  com- 
pressed to  the  width  of  150  yards.  Nothing  can 
be  imagined  more  gloomy  than  the  passage  through 
this  dark  chasm. 

The  current  of  the  Missouri  is  more  rapid  thau 
that  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  ascent  much  more 
difficult.  Above  the  falls  the  navigation  is  much 
better  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  river.  The 
floods  of  the  Missouri  usuallybegin  early  in  March, 
and  there  is  a  continued  succession  of  them  until 
the  last  of  July,  the  river  subsiding,  and  again 
rising,  ais  the  different  rivers  bring  down  their  an- 
nual tributes.  The  greatest  rise  is  about  the  10th 
of  June. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  princi- 
pal branches  of  the  Missouri,  with  the  width  and 
latitude  of  each  at  its  mouth,  and  the  distance  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Missouri. 


Rivers.           Width  in    Side  of  Dist. 

Lat. 

yards.    Missouri. 

Gasconade. 

157 

S.W. 

100 

38°  45' 

Great  Osage, 

397 

s.  w. 

J37 

SS"*  31' 

Mine  river. 

70 

S.W. 

200 

Grand. 

190 

N.E. 

240 

Kansas. 

233 

S.W. 

340 

39°  05* 

Platte. 

600 

S.W. 

600 

41°    4' 

Big  Sioux. 

110 

N.E. 

853 

38°  48' 

Jacque  or  James. 

90 

N.E. 

950 

42°  53' 

Quicourre. 

150 

S.W. 

1,000 

White. 

300 

S.W. 

1,130 

Chienne. 

400 

s.  w. 

1,310 

44°  20' 

Yellowstone. 

800 

S.W. 

1,880 

47°  50' 

Missouri^  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  E.  by 
Illinois,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee  ;  S.  by  Arkan- 
saw  Territory ;  W.  and  N.  by  Missouri  Territory. 
The  boundary  runs  as  follows  :  Beginning  in  the 
Mississippi,  at  the  mouth  of  Des  Moines  river,  it 
proceeds  up  that  river  to  the  rapids  ;  thence  the 
line  runs  due  west  till  it  meets  the  meridian,  which 
parses  through  the  mouth  of  Kansas  river,  at  its 
entrance  into  the  Missouri ;  thence  due  S.along  that 
meridian,  to  the  parallel  of  36°  30'  N.  lat.;  thence 
due  E.  to  the  river  St.  Francis  ;  down  that  river  to 
the  parallel  of  36°,  along  that  parallel  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  up  the  Mississippi  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning. It  extends  from  36°  to  about  40°  30' N 
lat.  and  from  89°  to  about  94°  10°  W.  Ion.  and  con- 
tains about  60,000  square  miles. 

A  great  proportion  of  the  land  in  this  State  is  of 
the  richest  kind,  producing  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats, 
flax,  hemp,  and  tobacco,  in  great  abundance.  The 
lands  bordering  on  the  Missouri,  are  exceedingly 
rich.  They  consist  of  a  stratum  of  black  alluvial 
soil,  of  unknown  depth.  As  you  recede  from  tlu 
banks  of  the  rivers,  tlie  land  rises,  passing  some- 
times gradually,  and  sometimes  abruptly  into  ele- 
vated barrens,  flinty  ridges,  and  rocky  cliffs.  A 
portion  of  the  State  is,  therefore,  unfit  for  cultiva- 
tion, but  this  part  of  the  State  is  rich  in  mineral 
treasures.  The  land  is  either  very  fertile  or  very 
poor ;  it  is  either  bottom  land,  or  cliff,  either  prairie 
or  barren ;  there  is  very  little  of  an  intermediate 
quality.  The  climate  is  remarkably  serene  and 
temperate,  and  very  favourable  to  health. 

The  ipgst  remarkable  feature  in  Missouri  is  it^ 


MIS 

lead  mines,  which  are  probably  the  most  extensive 
on  the  globe. 

They  occupy  a  district  between  37°  and  38"  N.lat. 
and  89°  and  92°  W.  Ion.  extending  from  the  head 
waters  of  St.  Francis  river  in  a  N.  W.  direction,  to 
the  Maramec,  a  distance  of  70  miles  in  length,  and 
about  45  miles  in  breadth.  They  cover  an  area  of 
more  than  3,000  square  miles.  The  ore  is  of  tlie 
richest  and  purest  kind,  and  exists  in  quantities 
sufficient  to  supply  all  the  demands  of  the  U.  States, 
and  allow  a  large  surplus  for  exportation.  The 
processes  of  working  the  mines  have  hitherto  been 
very  imperfect,  and  conducted  without  skill,  sys- 
tem, or  economy,  yet  Mr.  Schoolcraft  estimates 
the  annual  produce  at  more  than  3,000,000  pounds, 
which  at  4  cents  a  pound,  is  worth  $120,000. 
The  number  of  mines  now  worked  is  165,  and  the 
number  of  men  employed,  more  than  1,100.  The 
lead  is  transported  to  St.  Genevieve  and  Hercula- 
neum,  where  it  is  shipped  for  New-Orleans,  and 
the  Atlantic  ports. 

The  number  of  inhabitants  in  Missouri  ia  estima- 
ted at  50,000.  A  large  proportion  are  from  Ten- 
nessee, Kentucky,  New- York,  and  New-England, 
and  emigrated  to  this  State  within  5  or  6  years.  The 
original  inhabitants  were  French  and  Spaniards. 
There  are  few  of  the  latter  remaining,  but  the  for- 
mer constitute  a  respectable  proportion  of  the  pop- 
ulation. The  French  language  is  spoken  in  many 
settlements  almost  exclusively.  The  prevalent 
religion  is  Methodism.  The  French  are  uniform- 
ly Roman  Catholics.  The  Baptists  are  also  nume- 
rous, and  there  are  a  considerable  number  of  Pres- 
byterians and  Episcopalians. 

Missouri  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1821. 
While  tile  question  was  pending  before  Congress, 
an  attempt  was  made  to  introduce  a  clause  into  the 
act  of  admission,  to  prevent  the  further  introduc- 
tion of  slaves  into  the  State.  After  a  discussion  of 
many  weeks,  in  which  the  feelings  of  the  people  in 
every  part  of  the  U.  States  were  higldy  excited, 
the  proposition  failed  by  a  majority  of  4  votes.  A 
clause  was  inserted,  however,  in  the  act,  providing 
that  in  the  part  of  the  territory  ceded  by  France  to 
the  U.StatesjUnderthe  nameof Louisianawhich  lies 
north  of  36°  30'N.  lat.  not  included  within  the  lim- 
its of  the  State  of  Missouri,  slavery  should  be  for- 
ever prohibited.  In  the  act  of  admission,  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  U.  States  granted  to  the  State  one 
section  or  thirty-sixth  part  of  every  township,  for 
the  supportof  common  schools ;  and  one  township  for 
the  support  of  a  college.  Five  per  cent,  of  the  net 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  public  lands,  is  also  reserv- 
ed for  making  roads  and  canals,  for  the  benefit  of 
the  State.  As  the  condition  of  these  grants,  the 
State  has  provided  that  none  of  the  public  lands 
shall  be  taxed  for  any  purpose,  while  belonging  to 
the  U.  States,  nor  for  five  years  after  the  day  of 
sale ;  that  the  military  bounty  lands  shall  not  be 
taxed,  if  they  continue  to  be  held  by  the  patentees, 
or  their  heirs,  for  the  term  of  three  years  from  the 
date  of  their  patents.  It  is  also  provided,  that  the 
river  Mississippi,  and  all  the  navigable  waters 
leading  into  the  same,  shall  be  common  highways, 
and  for  ever  free  of  toll  or  duly  to.all  the  citizens  of 
the  U.  States,  and  that  in  no  case  shall  non-resi- 
dent proprietors  be  taxed  higher  than  residents. 

St.  Louis  is  by  far  the  largest  town.  The  other 
principal  towns  are  St.  Genevieve,  St.  Charles, 
and  Franklin.  Of  a  less  size  are  Herculaneum, 
Fotosi,  St.  Micliael,  New-Madrid,  and  Cape  Gi- 
rardeau. The  seat  of  government  is  at  present 
at  Cote-sans-dessein. 

Mitrovri  Territory,  a  territory  of  the  U,  State 


M  I  X 


ml 


bounded  N.  by  the  British  dominions  ;  E.  by  the 
N.  W.  Territory  and  the  States  of  Illinois  and  Mis- 
souri ;  S.  by  Arkansaw  Territory  ;  S.  W.  by  the 
Spanish  dominions  ;  and  W.  by  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. It  is  avast  wilderness,  inhabited,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  military  posts,  exclusively  by 
Indians.  It  is  estimated  to  contain  800,000  square 
miles.  Taking  the  whole  country  together,  it 
may  be  pronounced  an  extensive  region  of  open 
plains  and  meadows,  interspersed  with  barren 
hills,  and  having  some  resemblance  to  the  Steppes 
of  Tartary,  or  the  Saaras  of  Africa,  but  without 
the  morasses  and  dull  uniformity  of  the  one,  or  the 
dreary  sterihty  of  the  other.  It  is  almost  destitute  of 
woods,  except  in  the  neighbourhood  of  streams, 
and  can  scarcely  be  said  to  admit  of  settlements. 
The  tracts  lying  immediately  on  the  great  rivers, 
constitute  the  most  valuable  parts.  The  banks  of 
the  Mississippi  afford  suitable  situations  for  settle- 
ments as  high  up  as  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Abovft 
the  falls,  the  pine  country  commences.  Buffaloes 
and  other  wild  animals  abound  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  territory.  They  go  in  immense  herds. 
Lieut.  Pike,  who  travelled  on  the  Arkansaw  to- 
wards its  sources,  saw,  as  lie  judged,  3,000  in  one 
drove.  The  face  of  the  earth  appeared  to  be  cov- 
ered with  them.  The  banks  of  the  Arkansaw  and 
Missouri  rivers  are  the  paradise  of  hunters.  Of  all 
countries  visited  by  man,  this  produces  game  ifl 
the  greatest  abundance. 

Missouriton,  t  Howard  co  Missouri. 

Missuippe,  lake,  Lower  Canada,  E.  of  Lake 
Memphramagog.  It  communicates  by  its  outlet 
with  the  river  St.  Francis. 

Mistaken,  Cape,  the  S.  point  df  the  Hermit  isles, 
3  leagues  from  Cape  Horn. 

Mistaken  Point,  Newfoundland,  2  leagues  W. 
N.    W.  Cape  Race. 

Mistelbach,  t.  Austria,  24  m.  N.  by  E.  Vienna. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Mistic.     See  Mystic. 

Mistrotla,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demons,  56 
m.  E.  by  S.  Palermo.     Pop.  6,000. 

Mitchel,  Point,  cape  on  an  island  off  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America.     Lon.  237°  3'  E.  Lat.  56°  29'  N. 

Mitomba,  kingdoin  of  W.  Africa,  on  the  river 
Sierra  Leone. 

Mitre  Mand,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  169° 
55' E.  Lat.  11°  49' S. 

Mifroivitz,  t.  Sclavonia,  on  the  Save,  16  m.  S.  ? 
W.  Peter  Waradein.     Pop.  3,500. 

Mitry,  t.  France,  14  m.  N.  Paris.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mitlau,  or  Mietau,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  and  cap.  of 
Conriai-id,  oh  the  Aa,  140  m.  N.  Konigsbei^,  56  W. 
Ri;ta.  Iron.  23°  43'  E.  Lat.  56°  39'  N.  I^op.  12,000, 
of  whom  nearly  one  half  are  Germans,  and  above 
1,000  Jews. 

Mitienwald,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  13  m.  N; 
N.  W.Innspruck.     Pop.  1,800. 

Mitterburg,  t.  Austrian  States,  30  m.  S.  E; 
Trieste.  Lon.  14°  7'  E.  Lat.  45°  23'  N.  Pop; 
1,050. 

Mitterteich,  t.  Bavaria,  32  m.  E.  Bayi-euthe: 
Pop.  1,200. 

Mitton,  Loti-er,  v.Eng.  inWorcesterj  4  m.  S.  S; 
W.  Kidderminster.     Pop.  2,352. 

Millweyda,  t.  Saxony,  32  m.  W.  by  S.  Dresden; 
Pop.  3,800. 

Miture,  r.  Caraccas,  which  enters  the  Carrib- 
beansea,  in  lat.  11°  27' N. 

Milylene.     See  Mytilene. 

Mixco,  t.  Guatimala,  33  m.  E.  Guatiidala. 

Mixstadf.  t.  Poland.  15  m,  S-.  KaliscbJ  P#. 
1.85»» 


468 


M  O  C 


MOD 


Mizanila,  t.  Mexico,  146  m.  E.  Mexico.  Lon. 
ge^SG'W.  Lat.  19''54'N. 

Mizenhead,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Ireland.  Lon.  9° 
43'  W.  Lat.  51°  23'  N. 

Mizenhead,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon. 
9°  4' W.  Lat.  52^  52' N. 

Mizpah,  or  Mizpeh,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine, 
in  the  plains  of  Judah.  It  is  also  the  name  of  a 
town  in  Moab ;  of  a  valley  in  the  country  of  Mount 
Lebanon  ;  of  a  town  in  the  tribe  of  Gad  ;  of  one 
in  Benjamin  ;  of  one  in  Gilead  on  the  E.  side  of 
Jordan  ;  and  of  one  in  Benjamin,  where  the  assem- 
blies of  the  Jewish  people  were  often  held. 

Misque,  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded  S. 
by  Yamparaes,  S.  W.  by  Charcas,  W.  by  Cpcha- 
bambas,  and  N.  by  the  Andes.  Pop.  12,000.  Miz- 
que,  the  capital,  is  in  Lon.  56"  42'  W.  Lat.  18° 
40'  S. 

Mlawa,  t.  Poland,  45  m.  N.  N.  E.  Plock.  Pop. 
1,000. 

jyioa  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the  E.  ex- 
trismity  of  Timor.     Lon.  128°  E.    Lat.  8°  20'  S. 

Moages,  small  islands  in  the  Carribbean  sea,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Venezuela. 

Mobjack,  bay,  Va.  which  sets  up  from  Chesa- 
peake bay  N.  of  the  mouth  of  York  river. 

Mobile,  CO.  Alabama,  on  both  sides  of  the  bay 
and  river  of  the  same  name. 

Mobile,  p-t.  port  of  entry  and  cap.  of  Mobile  co. 
Alabama,  is  on  the  western  channel  of  Mobile  riv- 
er, near  its  entrance  into  Mobile  bay.  It  is  built 
On  a  high  bank,  in  a  dry  and  commanding  situa- 
tion, but  the  approach  to  the  town  for  vessels 
drawing  more  than  eight  feet  of  water,  is  difficult 
and  circuitous.  The  country  in  the  rear  is  unset- 
tled pine  woods.  While  this  town  was  under  the 
dominion  of  the  French  and  Spaniards,  it  was  a 
mere  military  post.  When  it  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  the  United  States,  in  1813,  it  contained 
only  100  houses;  but,  since  the  rapid  progress  of 
the  settlements  on  the  Tombigbee  and  Alabama,  an 
attempt  has  been  made  to  make  it  the  depot  for 
the  produce  of  the  country  on  those  rivers.  There 
is,  however,  a  vigorous  rivalry  between  this  place 
and  Blakely,  and  the  latter  has  some  obvious  ad- 
vantages. 33  m.  N.  Mobile  point,  10  K.  Blakely, 
60  W.  N.  W.  Pensacola,  40  by  water  below  Fort 
Stoddert.     Lat.  30°  40' N. 

Mobile  bay,  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  river, 
30  miles  long,  and,  on  an  average,  12  broad.  It 
communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  two 
iitraits,  one  on  each  side  of  Dauphin  island,  which 
lies  at  its  mouth.  The  strait  on  the  W.  side  will 
not  admit  the  passage  of  vessels  drawing  more  than 
5  feet  of  water ;  that  on  the  E.  side,  between  the 
island  and  Mobile  point,  has  18  feet  of  water,  and 
the  channel  passes  within  a  iew  yards  of  the  point. 
There  is  a  bar  which  runs  across  the  bay,  near 
its  upper  end,  over  which  tliere  is  only  11  feet 
water. 

Mobile,  r.  Alabama,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Alabama  and  Tombigbee,  40  m.  above  Mobile. 
After  a  course  of  3  miles  it  divides  and  enters  Mo- 
bile bay  in  several  channels.  The  main  western 
channel  is  called  the  Mobile ;  the  main  eastern 
channel,  is  the  deepest  and  widest,  and  is  called 
the  Tensaw.  The  eastern  channel  passes  by 
Blakely. 

Mocamoco,  t.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
ton.  101°  10'  E.    Lat.  2°  31'  S. 

Mocaranga.     See  Motapa. 

Moeha,  an  extensive  city  of  Yemen,  in  Arabia, 
the  principal  port  on  tile  Red  sea,  and  the  channel 


through  which  almost  all  the  intercourse  of  Eu- 
rope with  this  part  of  the  world  is  carried  on. 
The  trade  with  Mocha  was  nearly  monopolised  by 
the  English  till  1 803,  when  the  Americans  discov- 
ered that  large  profits  might  be  made  by  export- 
ing coffee,  and  they  immediately  commenced  the 
business  on  a  large  scale.  The  competition  soon 
raised  the  price  from  36  to  40  or  50  dollars  per 
bale.  In  the  following  year  8,000  bales  were  ex- 
ported by  the  Americans,  and  2,000  by  the  British. 
The  former  calculated  to  deliver  it  in  America 
at  6/.  18s.  9d.  per  cwt.  while  the  India  company 
could  not  deliver  it  in  England  at  less  than  10/. 
3s.  8d.  The  trade  is  carried  on  by  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  Banians  or  Gentoo  merchants.  The 
English  pay  a  duty  of  three  per  cent,  on  all  im- 
ports, but  other  foreigners  of  five.  Lon.  43°  20' 
E.    Lat.  13°  20' N. 

Mocha,  uninhabited  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Chili, 
60  miles  in  circumference,  frequented  by  the 
whalers  from  the  United  States.     Lat.  38°  40'  S. 

Mocha,  r.  Peru,  which  enters  the  Pacific  a 
league  from  Truxillo,  in  lat,  8°  10'  S. 

Mockem,  t.  Prussian  states,  18  m.  E.  Magdeburg. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Mock''s  oldjield,  p-v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

Mockwanpore,  t.  and  cap.of  adistrictof  the  same 
name  in  Hind.     Lon.  85°  18' E.    Lat.  27°  28' N. 

Mocodame,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of  No- 
va Scotia.     Lon.  61°  20'  W.    Lat.  45°  4'  N. 

Modain,  ul,  v.  Irak  Arabia,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Euphrates,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Seleucia 
and  Ctesiphon.    20  m.  S.  E.  of  Bagdad. 

Modane,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in  Savoy,  15  m.  E. 
by  S.  St  Jean  de  Maurienne.     Pop.  1,000. 

Modania,  t.  Asia  Minor,  on  a  gulf  of  the  same 
name,  connected  with  the  sea  of  Marmora.  The 
gulf,  to  this  height,  is  navigable  for  ships  of  bur- 
den.    15  m.  N.  W.  Bursa. 

Modbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  14  m.  E.  Ply- 
mouth, 207  W,  by  S.  London.  Lon.  3"  52'  W. 
Lat.  60°  51'  N.     Pop.  1,890. 

Modena,  a  duchy  in  the  iST.  of  Italy,  situated  be- 
tween the  Po  on  the  N.  and  the  Appennines  on  the 
8.  and  extending  from  9°  54'  to  11"  20'  E.  lon.  and 
from  44"  6'  to  44"  55'  N.  lat.  It  is  bounded  E.  by 
the  States  of  the  Church,  and  W.  by  Parma.  The 
territory  of  Modena,  properly  speaking,  consists 
only  of  the  six  districts  of  Modena,  Reggio,  Mi- 
randola,  Correggio,  Carpi,  and  Navellara ;  but, 
as  the  principality  of  Massa  and  Carrara  will  re- 
vert, on  the  death  of  its  present  sovereign,  to  the 
house  of  Modena,  it  is  commonly  included.  The 
extent  and  population  of  Modena  proper,  is  1,740 
sq.  miles,  with  332,000  inhabitants  ;  of  Massa  and 
Carrara,  320  sq.  miles,  with  38,000  inhabitants. 
Total,  2,060  sq.  miles,  and  370,000  inhabitants. 
The  climate  is  mild  and  pleasant,  and  the  soil  rich 
and  fruitful.  The  products  are  corn,  wine,  fruit, 
olives,  mulberry-trees,  hemp,  &c.  This  duchy 
forms  an  independent  state,  possessed,  in  full  sov- 
ereignty, by  a  lateral  branch  of  the  house  of  Aus- 
tria, the  Archduke  Francis  of  Este.  The  revenue 
is  computed  at  140,000/.  sterling;  the  troops  a* 
1,500  men. 

Modena,  the  capital  of  the  above  duchy,  is  in  a 
delightful  plain,  between  the  rivers  Panaro  and 
Secchia.  It  has  a  citadel,  and  is  surrounded  with 
ramparts.  There  is  here  a  college,  with  a  libra- 
ry of  about  80,000  volumes.  22  m.  W.  N.  W.  Bo- 
logna, and  30  E.  S.  E.  Parma.  Lon.  11°  12'  E. 
Lat.  44°  34'  N.     Pop.  20,000, 


M  O  H 

Moder  and  Daughters  Islands,  islands  near  Cay- 
enne, on  the  E.  coast  of  S.  America,  in  about  lat. 
a^N.  Ion.  52°  W. 

Modern.,  Modor,  or  Modra,  t.  Hungary,  i4  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Presburg. 

Modiboo,  t.  Bambara,  in  Africa,  near  the  Niger. 
56  m.  N.  E.  Sego. 

Modica,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto,  cap.  of  the 
district  of  Modica,  30  m.  W.  S.  W.  Syracuse,  45 
S.  S.  W.  Catania.  Lon.  14°43'E.  Lat.  36"  51' N. 
Pop.  23,500. 

Modigliana,  t  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  40  m.  N.  E, 
Florence.     Pop.  2,200. 

Modin,  V.  Palestine,  14  m.  E.  S.  E.  Jaffa. 

Modon,  or  Mothone,  the  ancient  Melhone,  a  sea- 
port of  Greece,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  Morea. 
The  harbour  is  secure,  but  not  large.  The  town 
is  the  residence  of  a  bey  and  the  see  of  a  Greek 
bishop.  15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Coron,  and  55  S.  W. 
Tripolizza. 

Modugno,  t.  Naples,  15  m.  S.  W.  Bari.  Pop. 
4,600. 

Moen,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  separated 
from  the  island  of  Zealand  by  a  narrow  strait. 
Extent,  90  sq.  miles.     Pop.  7,000, 

Moet/,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  132° 
60'  E.    Lat.  5°  30'  S. 

Moffat,  t.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries  co.  on  the  An- 
nan, celebrated  for  its  mineral  waters,  which  are 
famous  for  their  cures  in  scrophulous,  herpetic, 
and  rheumatic  affections.  21  m.  N.  E.  Dumfries, 
50  S.  Edinburgh. 

Moggador.     See  Mogodor. 

Mogglingen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  8  m.  E.  Gemund. 
Fop.  1,400. 

Mogimiri,  t.  Brazil,  35  m.  E.  St.  Paul. 

Mogiiano,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro.  Pop. 
3,800. 

Mogodor,  s-p.  of  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic,  com- 
monly called  by  the  natives  Suerrah,  the  princi- 
pal seat  of  the  commerce  between  Europe  and  the 
empire  of  Morocco.  The  place  is  built  on  a  low 
flat  desert  of  accumulating  sand,  which  separates 
it  from  the  cultivated  country.  The  imports  into 
Mogodor  in  1804,  are  estimated  by  Mr.  Jackson 
at  151,450/.  The  exports  for  the  same  year,  were 
almonds,  sweet  and  bitter ;  gums,  Barbary,  Sou- 
dan, and  Sandrac;  bees'  wax,  goat  skins,  oil  of 
olives,  cow  and  calf  skins,  sheep's  wool,  ostrich 
feathers,  pomegranate  peels,  and  dates,  to  the 
amount  of  127,679/.  sterling.  Lon.  9"  20'  W.  Lat. 
3r  50'  N.     Pop.  estimated  at  10,000. 

Mogolistan.     See  Mongolia. 

Mogoo,  s-p.  Laristan,  in  Persia,  It  has  one  of 
the  most  secure  roadsteads  in  the  gulf,  capable  of 
holding  the  largest  fleets.     80  m.  S.  Lar. 

Moguer,  i.  Spain,  in  Seville,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Tinto,  51  m.  W.  Seville.  Lon.  6°  58'  W.  Lat.  37° 
12' N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Mohacs,  t.  Hungary,  near  the  Danube,  56  m. 
W.  Segedin,  21  E.  Funfkirchen.  Lon.  18"  11'  46" 
E,    Lat.  45°  59' 29'' N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mohaffey''s,  p-v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 

Mohaney,  Lower,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,040. 

Mohaney,  Upper,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa, 
Pop.  1,426. 

Mohaun,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  81"  E.  Lat. 
26°  50^  N. 

Mohawk,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  Connecticut  river 
at  Stewartston. 

Mohawk,  r.  N.  Y.  a  large  western  branch  of  the 
Hudson,  which  ri«es  20  m.  N.  of  Rome,  and  run- 


M  O  J 


469 


ning  S.  of  E.  passes  by  Rome,  Utica,  and  Sche- 
nectady, and,  after  a  course  of  about  135  miles, 
falls  into  the  Hudson  by  several  mouths  between 
Troy  and  Waterford.  The  navigation  of  the 
river  is  interrupted  by  numerous  rapids  and  falls, 
the  principal  of  which  is  the  Cahoos,  or  Cahoes, 
two  miles  from  its  mouth,  which  is  much  admired 
for  its  beauty  and  sublimity.  The  river,  which 
is  here  between  300  and  400  yards  broad,  de- 
scends, at  high  water,  in  one  sheet,  to  the  depth  of 
70  feet.  About  three-fourths  of  a  mile  below,  a 
bridge  has  been  thrown  across  the  Mohawk,  from 
which  the  view  of  the  falls  is  inexpressibly  grand. 
At  Rome  there  is  a  canal,  li  miles  long,  connect- 
ing the  Mohawk  with  Wood  creek,  and  opening  a 
communication  through  this  creek,  Oneida  lake, 
and  Oswego  river  into  Lake  Ontario.  The  Erie 
canal  will  pass  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Mo- 
hawk from  its  mouth  to  Rome. 

Mohawk,  or  Coakquago,  r.  N,  Y.  which  rises  in 
Utsayanthe  lake,  in  Schoharie  co.  and,  after  a 
course  of  57  miles,  unites  with  the  Popachton  to 
form  Delaware  river. 

Mohawks,  t.  Hastings  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  W.  of  Kingston. 

Mohegan,  v.  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Thames  in 
Connecticut,  4  m.  S.  Norwich.  Here  are  the  re- 
mains of  the  Mohegan  Indians. 

Mohiccan,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  W.  Woos- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,  505. 

Mohiccan,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Whitewo- 
man's  creek,  18  m.  above  Coshocton. 

Mohilev,  an  extensive  government  of  Eu.  Rus- 
sia, to  the  E.  of  Minsk,  lying  between  28°  50'  and 
32°  40'  E.  lon.  and  53°  5'  and  55°  10'  N.  lat.  Area, 
18,500  sq.  miles.  Pop.  about  800,000,  of  whom 
the  majority  are  Poles. 

Mohilev,  the  capital  of  the  above  government, 
is  on  the  Dnieper,  420  m.  S.  St.  Petersburg,  330 
S.  W.  Moscow.  Pop.  12,500,  of  whom  nearly 
2,000  are  Jews. 

Mohilev,  or  Mogilev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
on  the  Dneister,  57  m.  S.  S.  E.  Caminiec.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Mohilla,  one  of  the  Comorro  islands,  between 
Madagascar  and  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lon.  44" 
4'E.  Lat.  12°  36' S. 

Mohli,  V.  Switz.  in  Aargau,  2J  m.  E.  Rheinfel  • 
den.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mohrin,  t.  Prussia,  in  the  New  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, 20  m.  N.  Custrin.     Pop.  1,00©J 

Mohringen,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Konigsberg,  58 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  19°  56'  E.  Lat.  53° 
51' N.     Pop.  1,900. 

Mohurbunge,  district.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  between 
21°and23°N.lat. 

Moine.     See  Des  mains. 

Moira,  t.  Ireland,  in  Downxo.  15  m.  S.  Antrim. 

Moira,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  falls  into  the  bay 
of  Quinte,  in  Lake  Ontario. 

Moira,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 

Moira'' s  Sound,  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales'  archipelago,  Lon.  228°  21'  E. 
Lat,  54°  57'  N. 

Moirans,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  15  m.  N.  N.  E.  St. 
Marcellin,     Pop.  2,000. 

Moisdon  la  Riviere,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferi- 
eure,  34  m.  N.  E.  Nantes.     Pop.  1,800. 

Moisi,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  lon.  64°  40'  W.  Lat.  50°  15'  N. 

Moissac,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  on 
the  Tarn,  18  m.  N.  W.  Montauban. 

Morjai^k,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  63  m.  W.  Moscow.  Pop. 


470 


M  O  L 


4,000,  Between  Mojaisk  and  the  small  tewn  of 
Ghiatsk,  was  fought  the  battle  of  Borodino.  See 
Borodino.    Lon.  35°  44'  E.  Lat.  36°  36'  N. 

Mojos,    See  Moxos. 

Moknan,  or  Mohannan,  v.  Egypt,  5  m.  S.  Gizeh. 

Mokonlpore,  or  Mukkunpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra, 
on  the  Issah.  It  contains  the  mausoleum  of  a  cel- 
ebrated Mahometan  saint  Immense  numLc;-s  of 
Mussulman  pilgrims  resort  to  this  tomb.  Lon.  80° 
20'  E.  Lat.  26°  45'  N. 

Mohchan,  t.  Eu,  Russia,  in  Penza,  36  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Penza.  Lon.  44°  50'  E.  Lat.  58°  40'  N.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Mola,  or  Mala  di  Gaefa,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra 
di  Lavoro,  on  the  Fia  Appia,  3  m.  N.  Gaeta,  37 
N.W.Naples.  Pop. 2,000. 

Mola  di  Bari,  t.  Naples,  on  the  Adriatic.  It  has 
a  good  harbour,  12  m.  S.  E.  Bari.     Pop.  7,700. 

Mola,  V.  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sicily,  25  m.  S. 
"W.  Messina. 

Molana,  small  isl.  Ireland,  in  the  river  Black- 
water,  3  m.  N.  N.  W.  Youghal. 

Molardier,h.  Sardinian  states,  in  Savoy,  8  m.  N. 
E.  Chamberry, 

Mold,  or  MovM,  t.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  12  m. 
W.  Chester,  202  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  8'  W. 
Lat.  53"  10'  N.     Pop.  5,083. 

Moldau,  r.  Bohemia,  which  rises  near  the  moun- 
tains that  separate  that  kingdom  from  Bavaria, 
passes  by  Budweis,  Prague,  and  other  places,  and 
joins  the  Elbe  a  little  above  Melnik. 

Moldau,  or  Moldava,  r.  which  rises  in  the  Car- 
pathian mountains,  traverses  the  Austrian  prov- 
ince of  th§  Bukowine,  enters  the  Turkish  prov- 
ince of  Moldavia,  to  which  it  gives  name,  and  joins 
the  Sereth  at  Roman. 

Moldavia,  province  in  the  N.  E.  of  Eu.  Turkey, 
between  26"  16'  and  28°  30'  E.  lon.  and  45°  25'  and 
48°  J 3'  N.  lat.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Russia,  S.  by 
Turkey,  W.  by  Transylvania,  and  N.  by  Austrian 
Poland.  Its  extent,  since  the  cession  in  1812  of 
its  eastern  division  to  Russia,  does  not  exceed 
17,000  square  miles.  The  face  of  the  country 
consists  of  undulating  plains  of  great  beauty  and 
vast  extent,  covered  with  luxuriant  crops  of  grass. 
The  other  principal  products  are  wheat,  barley, 
millet,  maize  ;  also  wine  and  tobacco  in  conside- 
rable quantities.  Situated  between  Russia,  Aus- 
tria, and  Turkey,  this  province  becomes,  from  the 
commencement  of  a  war  between  these  powers, 
the  scene  of  hostile  operations.  At  the  treaty  of 
Bucharest,  in  May  1812,  the  part  of  Moldavia  to 
the  north  of  the  Pruth,  was  retained  by  Russia. 
The  religion  is  that  of  the  Greek  church.  Pop. 
about  400,000. 

Moldautein,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  58  m. 
S.  Prague.     Pop.  2,200. 

Moldnisch-Kimpuluug,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  46  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Sereth.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mole,  r.  Eng.  in  Surry,  which  falls  into  the 
Thames  opposite  Hampton  Court,  in  Middlesex. 

Mole,  The,  a  port  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  island 
of  St.  Domingo,  2  leagues  E.  of  Cape  St.  Nicholas. 
Though  inferior  to  Cape  Francois  and  Port  an 
Prince,  it  is  the  first  port  in  the  island  for  safety 
in  time  of  war,  being  strongly  fortified  both  by  na- 
ture and  art.  14  m.  S.  by  W.  Jean  Rabel,  69  W. 
Cape  Francois.  Lon.  73°  26' W.  Lat.  l^Sl'N. 

Molfeia,  or  Molfetta,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di 
Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bi»hop. 
8  m.  S.  E.  Trani.  Lon.  16°  39' E.  Lat.  41"  18' N. 
Pop.  11,500. 

Moll.    See  Mohli. 


M  O  M 

MoHeres,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garorme,  14 
m.  N.  Montauban,    Pop.  2,500. 

Molina,  t.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  on  the  Molina, 
which  falls  into  the  Tagus.  108  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mad- 
rid, 60  N.  N.  E.  Cuenca.  Lon.  2°  1'  W.  Lat.  41" 
8'  N.  •  Pop.  4,400. 

Molina,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  7  m.  N.  by  W. 
Murcia.     Pop.  3,200. 

Molina  d'Arragon,  t.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  57  m. 
N.  by  E.  Cuenca. 

Moline's  Gul,  r.  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  St.  Chris- 
topher's, in  the  W.  Indies,  with  anchorage  near  its 
mouth  of  from  5  to  10  fathoms. 

Molineux  Harbour,  bay  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
Tavai  Poenammoo,  New  Zealand.  Lon.  189°  50' 
W.  Lat.  46°  24'  S. 

Molise,  (an.  Samnium,)  a  province  of  Naples, 
surrounded  by  the  provinces  of  Abruzzo,  the  Ca- 
pitanata,  the  Principato  Ultra,  and  the  Terra 
di  Lavoro.  Extent  1,200  square  miles.  Pop. 
207,000. 

Molise,  t.  Naples,  48  m.  N.  N.  E.  Naples. 

Molitemo,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  25  m. 
N.  E.  Policastro.     Pop.  5,200. 

Moll,  t.  Netherlands,  30  m.  E.  Antwerp.  Pop. 
3,800. 

Mollen,  t.  Denmark,  6  m.  S.  Lubeck.  Pop, 
1,600. 

Molodive,  t.  Ceylon,  46  m.  N.  N.  E.  Trinco* 
malee. 

Mologa,  t.  Russia,  in  Jaroslav,  where  the  river 
Mologa  falls  into  the  Volga.  Lon.  38°  22' E.  Lat. 
58°  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Molsen,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  18  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Leipsic. 

Molsheim,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  Strasburg.  Pop, 
2,500. 

Molton,  South,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  29  m.  N. 
W.  by  N.  Exeter,  181i  W.  by  S.  of  London.  Pop. 
2,739. 

Molucca  Islands,  islands  in  the  E.  Indian  sea, 
first  discovered  by  the  Portuguese  in  1511.  The 
term  is  sometimes  applied  to  all  the  islands  E.  of 
the  Molucca  passage,  in  lon.  126°  E. ;  but  in  gen- 
eral it  is  restricted  to  the  Spice  islands,  namely, 
Amboyna,  Banda,  Ceram,  Tcrnate,  Tidorc,  and 
Batchian.  These  islands  are  chiefly  famous  for 
the  production  of  spices,  particularly  nutmegs  and 
cloves.  The  Portuguese  were  the  owners  of  these 
islands  till  they  were  wrested  from  them  by  the 
Dutch  in  1607.  During  the  late  war  they  were 
captured  by  the  English,  but  are  now  restored  to 
the  Dutch. 

Molwitz,  v.  Prussian  States,  23  m.  S.  S.  W, 
Breslau. 

Moma,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea  in  lat.  16°  35' S. 

Momapane  Lake,  lake,  Canada,  160  m.  N.  Que- 
bec. Lon.  71°  W.  Lat.  49°  40'  N. 

Mombaca,  kingdom  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
with  a  capital  of  the  same  name  S.  of  Melinda. 
The  town  was  formerly  occupied  by  the  Portu 
guese  ;  but  they  were  expelled  by  the  natives  in 
1631,  and  it  is  now  rarely  if  ever  visited  by  Eu- 
ropean vessels.  Lon.  40°  2'  E.  Lat.  4°  40'  S. 

Mom/lot.    See  Monfalont. 

Momorano,  t.  Austrian  States,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Istria,  28  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fiurae. 

Mompox,  t.  New  Granada,  on  the  Magdalena, 
110  m.  S.  S.  E.  Carthagena,  and  21  above  the 
confluence  of  the  Magdalena  and  the  Cauca.  Lon. 
74°11'W.  Lat  9°  19' N. 


M  O  N 

^onOi  Fal  de.    See  Demona  Val. 

Mona  and  Monita,  i.  e.  The  Monkey  and  hit 
Cub,  2  islands  of  the  W.  Indies,  in  the  middle  of 
the  great  passage  between  Ilispaniola  and  Porto 
Rico. 

Monacks,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Monaco,  a  petty  principality  in  the  N.  W.  of  It- 
aly, in  the  Sardinian  states,  bounded  by  the  coun- 
ty of  Nice,  the  duchy  of  Genoa,  and  the  sea.  Ex- 
tent, 55  sq.  miles.  Until  1792,  Monaco  was  gov- 
erned by  its  own  princes.  In  1815,  it  was  placed 
under  the  sovereignty  of  the  king  of  Sardinia.  Pop. 
about  6,000. 

Monaco,  the  capital  of  the  above  principality, 
f^  on  a  steep  rock,  projecting  into  the  sea,  7  ni. 
W.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1,200. 

Monadnock,  a  lofty  mountain  the  S.  W.  corner 
of  N.  H.  between  Jaffrey  and  Dublin.  Its  base  is 
6  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  3  from  E.  to  W.  and  its 
height  is  3,254  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  may 
be  seen  at  the  distance  of  60  miles  in  almost  every 
direction. 

Monadnock,  mt.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Vt. 

Monaghan,  co.  Ireland,  in  the  province  of  Ulster, 
bounded  N.  by  Tyrone,  E.  by  Armagh,  and  S.  E. 
by  East-Meath  and  Louth.  Area,  450  sq.  miles. 
The  soil  is  particularly  favourable  for  flax,  and 
this  is  the  principal  crop.  The  linen  manufacture 
flourishes  in  every  quarter  of  this  district. 

Moiuighan,  the  capital  of  the  above  county,  is 
40  m.  S;  W.  Belfast,  and  60  N.  N.  W.  Dublin. 
Lon.  6°  49'  W.  Lat.  54°  16'  N. 

Monaghan,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  725. 

Monasteer,  s-p.  Tunis,  Africa,  50  m.  S.  E.  Tunis. 

Monaslervan,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kildare,  on  tlie  Bar- 
row, 32  m.  S.  W.  Dublin. 

Monaslier,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  12  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Le  Puy.  Pop.  1,800. 

Monastir,  Toll,  or  Bistolia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Macedon,  95  m.  W.  N.  W.  Salonica.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Monastirska,  v.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  252  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Yeniseisk. 

Monat,  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Gilolo. 
Lon.  128°  36'  E.  Lat.  Y  6'  N. 

Monavar,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  20  m.  W.  Ali- 
cant.  Pop.  8,000. 

Monbellet,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  11m. 
N.  Macon.     Pop.  1,300. 

Monbercello,  t.  Piedmont,  35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Turin. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Monblanc,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  17  m.  N.  Tar- 
agona.  Lon.  F  15'  E.  Lat.  47°  22' N.  Pop.  3,600. 

Monbrun,  t.  W.  Africa,  15  m.  S.  W.  Gouriel. 

Monbui,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  18  m.  N.  Bar- 
celona.    Pop.  2,000. 

Moncada,  t.  Spain,  7  m.  N.  W.  Valencia.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Moncaglieri,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  4  m.  S.  Tu- 
rin.    Pop.  7,300. 

Moncalvo,  t.  Piedmont,  in  Montferrat,  30  m.  E. 
Turin.     Pop.  3,500. 

Moncao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre-Minho-e-Douro, 
on  the  river  Minho.     Pop.  1,200. 

Moncaras,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  on  the  Gua- 
diana,  4  m.  N.  N.  W.  Murao.     Pop.  1,500. 

Monceau,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  on  the  Dor- 
dtfgne,  20  m.  E.  Brives.     Pop.  1,500. 

Monchaboo,  cityof  Uie  Birman  empire,  50  m.  N. 
ofUmmerapoora.  Lon.  96°  20' E.  Lat.  22°  46' N'. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Monchique,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algarva,  15  m.  W, 
SiJve?.    Pop.  4,800, 


M  O  N 


471 


Monclar,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  10 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Montauban.  Pop.  1,000.— Also  a  town 
in  Lot-and-Garonne,  10  m.  W.  N.  W.  Villeneuve 
d'Agen.  Pop.  2,000. 

Monclova,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  Cohahuila,  on  the 
Rio  del  Norte,  258  leagues  N.  Mexico.  Lon.  270'* 
5'  E.  Lat.  27"  50'  N. 

Moncon,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Sofa  and  Cinca,  25  m.  N.  W.  Lerida. 

Moncontour,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  13  m. 
S.  St.  Brieux.  Pop.  1,700. 

Moncontour,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  26  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Poitiers. 

Moncooda,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Banca.  Lon.  105°  53'  E.  Lat.  r28'  S. 

Moncornet,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  m.  S.  E.  Ver- 
vins.     Pop.  1,300. 

Moncorvo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes,  near 
the  Douro,  defended  by  a  castle.  58  m.  S.  by  W. 
Braganza.     Pop.  1,300. 

Moncuq,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  12  m.  S.  W.  Cahors. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Moncivr''s  Isles,  3  small  islands  on  the  S.  coast 
of  New  Holland,  10  m.  S.  E.  Wilson's  promon- 
tory. 

Monda,  or  Munda,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  25  m. 
W.  Malaga. 

Mondahu,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic in  lon.  40°  46'  W.  lat.  3"  10'  S. 

Monday,  Cape,  cape,  S.  America,  in  the  straits 
of  Magellan.  Lon.  75"  20'  W.  Lat.  53°  12'  S. 

Mondego,  r.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  which  falls  intq 
the  Atlantic  at  Buarcos. 

Mondego,  or  Embotetieu,  r.  Paraguay,  which 
enters  the  river  Paraguay  in  lat.  20°  30'  S. 

Mondego,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  ctf  Portu- 
gal. Lon^  8"  53'  9"  W.  Lat.  40°  12'  6"  N. 

Mondejar,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  30  m.  E. 
Madrid. 

Mondonedo,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia.  It  is  inclosed 
with  walls,  and  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  75  m.  W, 
Oviedo,  115  N.  W.  Leon.  Lon.  7°  10'  W.  Lat.  43" 
20' N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Mondavi,  t.  Piedmont,  cap.  of  the  province  of 
the  same  name.  It  has  manufactures-  both  of 
woollen  and  muslin,  as  well  as  tanneries  and  iron 
forges  ;  but  the  chief  branch  of  its  industry  is  the 
spinning  of  silk.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
seat  of  several  seminaries  of  education.  15  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Coni,  45  S.  S.  E.  Turin.  Lon.  7°  56'  E.  Lat, 
44°  24'  N.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Mondragon,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  on  the  De~ 
va.  Near  the  town  is  a  mine  of  excellent  iron  and 
native  steel.     30  m.  S.  S.  W.  St.  Sebastian. 

Mondragone,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  23 
m.  N.  W.  Naples.     Pop.  1,800. 

Mondrain  Island,  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  122°  14'  E.  Lat.  34°  8' S. 

Moneah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Saone  and  Ganges.  Lon.  84°  56'  E.  Lat.  25' 
38'  N. 

Moneins,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  9  m. 
W.  Pau.     Pop.  5,200. 

Mo7iestier,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  9  m.  N.  Vf . 
Briancon.     Pop.  2,80Q. 

Monestier,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  11  m.  N.  Alby. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Moneymore,  v.  Ireland,  in  Derry,  25  m.  S.  E 
Londonderry. 

Monfalcone,  t.  Austrian  Illyria,  on  the  gulf  of 
Trieste.  Lon.  13°  32'  50'  E.  Lat.  45°  47'  50"  N.  Pop. 


4t2 


M  O  N 


Monfaloiit,  or  Momjlot,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile.  Lat.  2T  42'  N. 

Monfaucon,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  8  m.  S.  E.  Gour- 
don.     Pop.  1,900. 

Monjia,  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  100  miles 
long,  and  8  or  10  broad.  Lat.  7°  30'  S. 

Monflanquin,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne, 
19  m.  N.  Agea.    Pop.  5,000. 

Monforte,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-loa-Montes,  33  m. 
W.  Braganza. 

Monforte,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  19  m.  S.  Por- 
talegre. 

Mongallou,  r.  E.  Africa,  with  a  country  and 
town  of  the  same  name,  on  its  banks.  The  mouth 
of  the  river  is  between  Quiloa  and  Cape  Delgado, 
in  lat.  10°  7'  S. 

Mongas.     See  Monjom. 

Monghir,  or  Mongier,  district.  Hind,  in  Bahar, 
between  26°  and  28°  N.  lat.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Ganges. 

Monghier,  properly  Moodgo-gheree,  fort,  Hind, 
and  cap.  of  the  above  district,  is  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Ganges.  It  was  taken  by  the  British 
forces  in  1763,  aftera  short  siege.  Lon.  86°  38'  E. 
Lat.  25°  23'  N. 

Mongie,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  25  m.  S.  E 
Clermont.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mongolia,  an  extensive  region  of  Central  Asia, 
lyipg  N.  and  N.  W.  of  China.  The  country 
is  traversed  by  the  wandering  hordes  of  that  No- 
madic race  which,  under  the  name  of  Mongols,  or 
Moguls,  has  been  so  celebrated  and  formidable  in 
the  annals  of  Asia.  At  present,  the  Mongols 
have  lost  all  this  widely  extended  dominion,  and 
are  split  into  a  number  of  petty  states,  dependent 
on  the  emperor  of  China.  The  proper  limits  of 
Mongolia  are,  to  the  E.  the  country  of  the  Mant- 
chous;  to  the  W.  the  country  of  the  Tartars ;  on 
the  S.  it  is  bounded  partly  by  China,  and  partly  by 
Turkistan,  and  on  the  N.  by  Asiatic  Russia.  Near- 
ly the  whole  of  this  immense  territory  consists  of 
a  level  plain.  The  Mongols  are  only  nominally 
subject  to  China ;  but  the  internal  government  is 
entirely  carried  on  by  their  native  princes.  Trib- 
ute forms  the  extent  of  their  allegiance.  They 
profess  Shamanism,  or  the  religion  of  Fo.  Be- 
sides the  Mongols  proper,  the  Kalkas,  the  Eluths, 
and  Buriats,  are  considered  as  of  the  same  race. 

Mongon,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.  9° 
45'  S. 

Mongon,  Cape,  Grand,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Hispaniola.     Lon.  72°  18'  W.  Lat.  17°  59'  N. 

Mongon,  Cape,  Petit,  the  S.  point  of  Hispanio- 
la.   Lon.  72°  20'  VV.  Lat.  17°  57'  N. 

Mongrande,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  road  from  Ver- 
celli  to  Biella.     Pop.  3,200. 

Mongrassano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  20 
m.  N.  W.  Cosenza. 

Monguilkm,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  17  m.  E.  Mont 
(le  Marsan.    Pop.  1,400. 

Monhcim,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Cleves-and- 
l     Berg,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2,800. 

Monh*im,  t.  Bavaria,  5G  ni.  N.  N.  W.  Munich. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Moniac,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  on  the 
Lot.    Pop.  1,000. 

Monikendam,  or  Monnikeddr.i,  *f-p.  Netherlands, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  23  m.  N.  Amster- 
dam.    Pop.  2,100. 

Monishwar,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74°  25' 
E.  Lat.  18°  16'  N. 

Monistrol,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Loire.  19  m.  N. 
E.  Le  Puy.     Pop.  4,000- 


M  O  N 

Monistrol,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  4  m.  W.  Maa- 
resa. 

Moniy,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Maranhao,  in  lon.  45"  29'  W.  lat.  2°  40'  S. 

Monjes,  small  islands  in  the  Spanish  Main.  Lon,. 
70°  40'  W.  Lat.  12°  N. 

Monjous,  a  people  inhabiting  the  interior  of 
Eastern  Africa,  about  700  m.  N.  E.  Mosambique. 

Monkey  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  89"  35'  W.  Lat.  16°  25'  N. 

Monkland,  district,  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire, 
divided  into  New  and  Old  Monkland,  on  the  Clyde, 
8  m.  E.  Glasgow.     Pop.  11,000. 

Monks  corner,  p-v.  Charleston  district,  S.  C. 

Monklon,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  4  m.  E.  by  N. 
Gateshead.     Pop.  3,193. 

Monkton,  t.  Annapolis  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
bason  of  Annapolis.  It  contains  about  60  fami- 
lies. 

Monkton,  t.  "Westmoreland  co.  New  Brunswick. 

Monkton,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  23  m.  S.  Burling- 
ton. Pop.  1,248.  Porcelain  clay  is  found  here, 
and  attempts  are  making  to  manufacture  porcelain 
ware. 

Monkwearmouth-shore,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Dur- 
ham, on  the  Wear.     Pop.  4,264. 

Monmouth,  co.  Eng.  on  the  borders  of  Wales, 
one  of  the  smallest  in  the  kingdom,  but  distin- 
guished as  a  rich  agricultural,  and  a  great  mining 
district.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Bristol  channel, 
N.  by  Hereford  and  Brecknock,  W.  by  Glamor- 
gan, E.  by  Gloucester  and  Hereford.  It  abounds 
with  iron  and  coal.  Numerous  iron  works  have 
been  erected,  and  within  the  last  century  they 
have  increased  in  number  and  extent  ^ith  singu- 
lar rapidity.  The  principal  are  those  at  Blena- 
von,  Nant-y-Glo,  Abercorn,  Pontypool,Caerleon, 
&c.     Extent,  516  sq.  miles.     Pop.  62,000. 

Monmouth,  bor.  and  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Mon- 
mouth CO.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Monnow  and 
Wye,  21  m.  W.  by  S.  Gloucester,  15  N.  Chep- 
stoAv,  130  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  43'  W.  Lat. 
51°  48'  N.     Pop.  3,503. 

Monmouth,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  17  m.  W. 
Augusta.     Pop.  1,262. 

Monmouth,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  W.  by  Middle- 
sex CO.  N.  by  Raritan  bay,  E-  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
S.  W.  by  Monmouth  co.  Pop.  22,150.  Chief 
town.  Freehold. 

Monmouth.     See  Freehold. 

Monmouth,  Cape,  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  in 
the  straits  of  Magellan,  at  the  entrance  of  St.  Se- 
bastian's sound. 

Monnoir,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  river  Sorel,  20  m.  E.  Montreal. 

Monnoye,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  14  m. 
N.  Tours.     Pop.  1,500. 

Monoblct,  V.  France,  in  Gard,  4  m.  N.  E.  St. 
Hippolyte.     Pop.  1,100. 

Monocasy,  r.  Md.  which  joins  the  Potomac  about 
50  m.  above  Georgetown. 

Monomuji,  or  Mimeamay,  a  territory  of  Africa, 
which,  in  modern  maps,  fills  all  the  interval  be- 
tween Monomotapa  and  Congo.  No  such  empire, 
however,  is  in  existence.  All  that  we  know  is, 
that  there  is  a  tribe  called  Monjous,  about  700  m. 
N.  E.  of  Mosambique.  The  extent  of  their  coun- 
try is  unknown.  * 

Monongahela,  r.  which  rises  at  the  foot  of  the 
Laurel  mountains  in  Virginia,  and,  after  a  course 
of  300  miles,  unites  with  the  Alleghany  at  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.  to  form  Ohio  river.  At  its  mouth  it  is 
nearly  400  yards  wide.    Here  a  bridge  is  throwii 


HON 

acroas  it.  The  Monongahela  is  navigable  Coy 
large  boats  60  miles  to  Brownsville,  vphence  there 
is  a  turnpike,  72  miles  long,  to  Cumberland,  on 
the  Potomac.  Small  boats  proceed  to  Tygart's 
valley,  200  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

Monongalia,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
12,793.  Slaves,  361.  Chief  town,  Morgantown. 
Monopoli,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Bari,  on 
the  Adriatic.  Its  principal  manufactures  are 
hempen  and  cotton  stuffs.  26  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bari. 
Lon.  17°  19'  E.  Lat.  41"  8'  N.     Pop.  15,600. 

Monpasier,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  25  m.  S.  E. 
Bergerac.     Pop.  1,000. 

Monreal,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  10  m.  S.  E.  Pam- 
plona. 

Monreale,  t.  Sicily,  2  m.  W.  S.  W.  Palermo.  Pop. 
8,000. 

Monroe,  t.  Hancoi^k  co.  Maine. 
Monroe,  or  Soulhjield,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  19 
m.  S.  Newburg,  50  N.  New  York.     Pop.  2,570.  It 
contains  2  churches,   1   for  Quakers,  and   1  for 
Presbyterians.     Here  are  extensive  iron  works, 
called  the  Augusta  works,  capable  of  yielding  200 
tons  of  bar  iron  yearly. 
Monroe,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 
Monroe,  co.  Va.  adjoining  Greenbriar  co.     Pop. 
5,444.  Slaves,  376.     Chief  town,  Uniontown.    At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 
Monroe.     See  Fincastle. 

Monroe,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  river  Alabama. 
Chief  town,  Burnt  corn. 
Monroe,  p-t.  and  cap.  Overton  co.  Ten. 
Monroe,  co.  Kentucky. 

Monroe,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river.  Chief  town, 
Woodsfield. 

Monroe,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E.  Jef- 
ferson. 

Monroe,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E.  Ham- 
ilton. 

Monroe,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio,  on  Honey 
creek,  16  m.  fr.  Dayton,  12  fr.  Springfield. 

Monroe,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  N.  E.  Cam- 
bridge. 
Monroe,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 
Monroe,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 
Monroe,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Cir- 
cleville. 
Monroe,  co.  Indiana. 

Monroe,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi.     Pop.  in 
1815,  1,358.     Chief  town,  Harrisonville. 
Monroe,  co.  Michigan  Territory. 
Monroe,  t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Michigan  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  river  Raisin,  35  m.  S.  Detroit. 
Monroe,  i.  Lincoln  co.  Missouri. 
Monroyo,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  30  m.  W.  Tor- 
tosa. 

Mons,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  Hainault,  on  the 
Trouille.  It  is  surrounded  by  an  earthen  mound 
and  ditch,  and  has,  since  IBl 8,  received  additional 
fortifications,  which  render  it  one  of  the  princi- 
pal barrier  towns  against  France.  It  is  the  only 
strong  place  between  Brussels  and  the  Fi'ench 
frontier.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cotton, 
linen,  and  lace ;  and  its  command  of  coal  has  led 
also  to  the  establishment  of  iron  foundries,  along 
with  works  for  salt,  earthenware,  oil,  and  soap. 
It  communicates  with  Paris  by  the  canal  of  St. 
Quentin.  23  m.  E.  N.  E.  Valenciennes,  36  S.  S. 
W.  Brussels.  Lon.  3°  57'  E.  Lat.  50"  27'  N.  Pop. 
20,000. 

Mons  en  Pevelle,  t  France,  in  North,  6  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Douay.     Pop,  1,200. 


M  O  N 


473 


Monsanto,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  26  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Castel  Branco.     Pop.  1,000. 

Monseag,  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  separated 
from  Sheepscut  river  by  the  island  of  Jeremy- 
squam. 

Monsegur,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  32  m.  S.  E. 
Bourdeaux.     Pop.  1,500. 

Monselice,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  a  navigable  ca- 
nal, 10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Padua.     Pop.  9,000. 
Monserrat.     See  Montserrat. 
Monson,  p-t.  Hamden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  E.  Spring- 
field.    Pop.  1,674. 

Monsoria,  edifice  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco, 
erected  as  a  refuge  for  travellers,  25  m.  S.  Rabat. 
Montabaur,  t.   Germany,  in  Nassau,  14  m.  E. 
Coblentz.     Pop.  1,700. 

Montagnac,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  21  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  2,700. 

Montagnana,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  20  m.  S.  W.  Pa- 
dua.    Pop.  6,200. 

Montague,  t.  Greenville  co.  Up.  Canada. 
Montague,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Greenfield,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  18  m,  N.  North- 
ampton, 90  W.  Boston.    Pop.  934. 

Montague,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Delaware. 
Pop.  661. 
Montague,  p-v.  Essex  co.  Va. 
Montague,  Cape,  cape  in  Hudson's  bay.     Lon. 
88"  W.  Lat.  66"  N. 

Montague  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  into  Prince 
William's  sound.  Lon.  147"  to  148"  W.  Lat.  59" 
50'  to  60°  30'  N. 

Montague'' s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida 
stream.  '  Lon.  81"  45'  W.  Lat.  24°  42'  N. 

Montagut,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  22  m. 
S.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,200. 

Monfaigu,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  16  m.  S.  S. 
E.Nantes.     Pop.  1,100. 

Montaigut,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  28 
m.  N.  W.  Montauban.     Pop.  4,100. 

Montaigut,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  27  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,500. 

Montalcino,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  45  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Florence.     Pop.  2,700. 

Montalto,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  state,  55 
m.  N.  W.  Rome. — It  is  the  name  of  another  town  in 
the  Ecclesiastical  state,  40  m.  S.  Ancona ;  and  of 
one  in  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  10  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Cosenza.     Pop.  4,600. 

Montalmn,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  40  m.  S.  E. 
Daroca. 

Montalvao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  108  m.  N.  E. 
Lisbon.     Lon.  7°  12'  W.  Lat.  39"  30'  N. 

Montanches,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  17  m.  N. 
Merida. 

Mont  a  Peine,  fief,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St  Lawrence,  7  m.  E.  Que- 
bec. 

Montaran  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern 
seas.     Lon.  108°  30'  E.  Lat.  2°  27'  S. 

Montargis,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  40  m.  E.  by  N. 
Orleans.  Lon.  2°  48'  E.  Lat.  48"  59'  N.  Pop. 
6,400. 

Moniarin,  v.  France,  in  Gard,  12  m.  N.  Nismes. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Montarxille,  seigniory,  Kent  co.  Lower  Canada, 
10  m.  E.  Montreal. 

Montastruc,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,200. 
Montauban.  t.  France,   cap.  of  Tarn-and-Ga- 


60 


474 


M  O  N 


M  O  N 


ronne,  on  the  Tarn.  It  is  a  regular  and  well 
built  town.  Its  celebrated  Protestant  univer- 
sity, suppressed  in  1629,  was  re-established  by 
by  Bonaparte  in  1810,  and  has  four  professors  of 
theology.  It  is  here,  at  Strasburg,  and  at  Gene- 
va, that  the  young  clergy  of  the  French  Protes- 
tant church  are  educated.  The  manufactures 
consist  of  silk  stuffs  and  stockings,  linen,  serge, 
and  other  woollen  stuffs.  It  is  tlie  see  of  a  bishop, 
restored  in  1817.  30  m.  N.  Toulouse.  Lon.  1" 
20'  45"  E.  Lat.  44"  0'  55"  N.     Pop.  24,600. 

Montauban,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,5m. 
N.  W.  Montfort.     Pop.  2,800. 

Montaud,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Mirepoix.  Pop.  1,300.— Another,  in  Loire,  9  m. 
S.  St.  Etienne.     Pop.  2,600. 

Montaudain,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  18  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Mayenne.     Pop.  1,500. 

Montauk  Point,  the  eastern  extremity  of  Long 
island,  N.  Y.  in  Easthampton.  A  light-house  was 
erected  here  by  the  national  government,  in  1796, 
at  the  expense  of  $25,000.  Lon.  72"  W.  Lat. 
41"  4'  N. 

MontauU,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  6  m.  W.  S.  W. 
St.  Sever.     Pop.  1,500. 

Montay,  t.  Switz.  in  Valais,  4  m.  N.  iV.  E.  St, 
Maurice. 

Montbarf,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  34  m.  N.  W. 
Dijon.     Pop.  2,200. 

Montbellet,  v.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  11 
m.  N.  Macon.     Pop.  1,700. 

Monfbelliard,  t.  France,  in  Doubs.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  stuffs  and  caps ;  also  of  watch- 
es.    Pop.  3,700.     10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Befort. 

Mont-Blanc^  tlie  loftiest  mountain  of  Europe, 
situated  in  Savoy,  between  the  vallies  of  Cha- 
mouni  and  Entreves,  in  lon.  6"  44'  37"  E.  Lat.  45" 
4r52''N.  Its  elevation  is  between  15,000  and 
16,000  feet.  Tlie  following  measurements,  partly 
trigonometrical,  partly  barometrical,  are  reckon- 
ed the  most  accurate :  by  M.  Deluc,  15,300  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea;  sir  George  Schuck- 
burgh,  15,400;  M.  Pictet,  15,520;  M.  Saussurc, 
15,670 ;  M.  Tralles,  15,780.  I'he  view  from  the 
top  of  Mont-Blanc  is  immense,  extending  to  a 
distance  of  more  than  150  miles  around. 

Montboissiers,  v.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  14 
m.  S.  E.  Issoire.     Pop.  1,600. 

Montbrison,  t.  Fiance,  cap.  of  Loire,  40  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Lyons.     Pop.  5,200. 

Montbrun,  t.  France,  in  Two-Sevres,  6  m.  E. 
Thouars.     Pop.  1,300. 

Montcenis,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  12 
m.  S.  Autun.     Pop.  1,100. 

Montcfiamps,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  1 1  m.  N. 
E.  Vire.     Pop.  1,600. 

Montcoutant,  t.  France,  in  Two-Sevres,  20  m. 
W.  by  N.  Parthenay.     Pop.  1,800. 

Mont  Dauphin,  t.  France,  in  Upper- Alps,  16 
m.  S.  Briancon. 

Mont  de  Marsan,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Landes, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Mi  and  the  Douze,  72 
m.  S.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  4,500. 

Monldidier,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  18  m.  S.  E, 
Amiens.     Pop.  4,200. 

Mont  d'Or,  a  lofty  mountain  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-Dome,  belonging  to  the  Auvei-gne  chain. 
Height  6,700  feet.    25  m.  S.  W.  Clermont. 

Mont  Doiibhau,  t.  France,  in  Loir-aud-Cher, 
30  m.  N.  N.  W.  BloTS.     Pop.  1,800. 

Montdragon,  t.  France,  in  Vauclnse,  11  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Orange.     Pop.  1,800. 


Monte  Agudo,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  16  m.  N- 
E.  Medina  Cell. 

Monte  Alegre,  t,  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes,  16 
m.  W.  Chaves. 

Montebello,  t.  Austrian  Italy.  It  was  the  scene 
of  an  engagement  between  the  French  and  Aus- 
trians  in  September  1796,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Verona. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Montebourg,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  4  m.  S.  E. 
Valognes.     Pop.  2,400. 

Montecalvo,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  10  m. 
E.  N.E.  Benevento.     Pop.  4,500. 

Monte  Caslello,  t.  Sardinia,  on  the  Tanaro,  near 
Alessandria. 

Monte  Castello,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  18  m.  W.  by  N.  Spoleto. 

Montecchio,  t,  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  States, 
22  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ancona. 

Montecchio,  t.  Italy,  in  Modena,  10  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Parma. 

Montech,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  on 
the  Garonne,  28  m.  N.  by  W.  Toulouse.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Montechiaro,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Chiese, 
10  m.  S.  E.  Brescia.     Pop.  6,000. 

Monie  Chiaro,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  N.  by  W.  Asti. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Monte  Chiarugolo,  t.  Italy,  in  Parma,  9  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Parma. 

Monte  Christi,  t.  Quito,  110  m.  N.  W.  Guya- 
quil.     Lon.  81"  6' W.  Lat.  1"  8. 

Monte  Christi,  cape,  bay,  and  t.  on  the  N.  side 
of  St.  Domingo.  The  cape  is  in  lon.  71°  44'  W. 
lat.  19"  54'  JN'.     Pop.  of  the  town,  3,000. 

Monte  Christi  River.     See  Yaqui. 

Monte  Christo,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ita- 
ly, belonging  to  Tuscany,  30  m.  S.  Porto  Ferrajo. 
Lon.  10"  18'  10"E.  Lat.  42"  20'  26"  N. 

Monlecucoli,  t.  Italy,  21  m.  S.  Modena. 

Monte  del  Buchon,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  239"  29'  E.  Lat.  35°  19'  N. 

Monte  de  la  Virgine,  t.  Naples,  near  Benevento. 

Monte  Falco,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
12  m.  N.  by  W.  Spoleto. 

Montefalcone,  t.  Naples,  18  m.  N.  E.  Molise. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Montefalcone,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  9 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Avellino.     Pop.  3,600. 

Monte- Fiasco7ie,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  50m.  N.  N.  E.  Rome.     Pop.  3,000. 

Monte  Filippo,  t.  Tuscany,  near  the  sea,  4  m 
S.  E.  Orbitello. 

Monteforle,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  18  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Benevento.     Pop.  3,500. 

Monte-FoscoH,  or  Monte-Fusco,  i.  Naples,  in 
Principato  Ultra,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Benevento.  Pop. 
2,700. 

Montegaldo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  7  m.  N.  W.  Pa- 
dua. 

Monleglio,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  W.  by  N.  Turin. 
Pop.  2,600. 

Montego  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon, 
77°52' W.  Lat.  18"  30' xN. 

Montego  Bay,  s-p.  Jamaica,  on  the  N.  coast. 
Lon.  77"  50'  W.  Lat.  18"  29'  N. 

Montego  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  88"  48'  W.  Lat.  17"  50'  N. 

Monte  Guasco,  or  Monte  Ciriaco,  promontory, 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Italy,  near  Ancona. 

Montegut  sur  Champeix,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Dome,  6  m.  S.  Clermont     Pop.  1,500. 

Montejean,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  ou 
the  Loire.     Pop.  1,600. 


M  O  N 

Montejo,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  44  m.  N.  E. 
Sgovia.     Pop.  1,800. 

Monte  Leone,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  near 
the  guLf  of  Eufemia.  It  was  almost  entirely  over- 
thrown by  the  great  earthquake  of  1783.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Nicotera,  25  S. 
W.  Squillace.     Pop.  8,000. 

Monte  Leone,  t.  Naples,  in  Priucipato  Ultra,  9  m. 
N.  Benevento.     Pop.  2,100. 

Montelimart,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Jabron  and  Roubion,  on  the  left  side  of 
the  Rhone,  50  m.  N.  Avignon,  100  S.  Lyons.  Pop. 
6,400. 

Montella,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra.  Pop. 
6,800. 

Montellier,  t.  France,  in  Dromei,  6  m.  E.  Va- 
lence.    Pop.  1,100. 

Montellupo,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  on  the  Arno,  1 1 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Florence. 

Montelovez,  city.  New  Spain,  in  Ion,  103°  30'  W. 
lat.  26"  34'  N.     Pop.  3,500. 

Monte-maggiore,  t.  Sicily,  25  m.  S.  E.  Palermo. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Montemagna,  t.  Sardinian  states,  14  m.  S.  Ca- 
sale.     Pop.  2,200. 

Montemarano,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  40 
m.  E.  Naples.     Pop.  1,800. 

Monte  Mayor,  t.  Spain,  in  Salamanca,  38  m.  S. 
E.  Ciudad  Rodrigo. 

Montemigliano,  or  Montmelian,  L  Sardinian 
states,  in  Savoy,  22  m.  N.  E.  Grenoble.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Montemiletto,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  12 
m.  E.  Benevento.     Pop.  2,100. 

Monte  Milone,  t  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  Macerata. 

Montemor  o  JVovo,  t.  Portugal  in  Alentejo,  55  m. 
E.  Lisbon,  Lon.  8°  6'  W.  Lat.  38°  36'  N.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Montemor  o  VeUio,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  108  m. 
N.  bv  E.  Lisbon.  Lon.  8"  33  W.  Lat.  40"  7  N. 
Pop.  4,000, 

Montenach,  or  Montagny,  t.  Switz.  in  Friburg, 
2  m.  E.  Pay  erne. 

Montenegro,  a  mountainous  district  on  the  W. 
frontier  of  Eu.  Turkey,  having  Albania  to  the  S. 
and  Herzegovina  to  the  N.  Extent,  3,000  square 
miles.  The  inhabitants,  amounting  to  40,000,  are 
a  rude  and  uncivilized  race,  much  given  so  rob- 
bery. They  bear  an  extreme  hatred  to  the  Turks, 
and  frequently  commit  depredations  on  them. 
Though  included  by  the  Turks  in  the  pachalic  of 
Scutari,  Montenegro  has  for  more  than  a  century 
withdrawn  its  allegiance. 

Monte  Negro,  or  Monte  J^eros,  district  in  the  N. 
part  of  Syria,  bordering  on  Caramania. 

Montenolte,  mountain  in  the  N.  W.  of  Italy,  8 
m.  from  the  coast,  and  20  W.  Genoa. 

Montepeloso,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  18  m.  N. 
W.  Matera.    Pop.  5,800.    It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Monte  Reale,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  18 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Aciuila. 

Montereau-fault  Yonne,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and- 
Marne,  at  the  junction  of  the  Seine  and  the  Yonne, 
12  m.  N.  E.  Nemours.     Pop.  3,500. 

Monterey,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  23  m.  S.  E, 
Orense. 

Monte-Rossi,  t.  Ecclesiastical  State,  half  way 
between  Rome  and  Viterbo. 

Monte  Rotondo,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  on  the  Tiber,  11  m.  N.  N.E.  Rome. 

Monterrcyf  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Ameri- 


M  O  N 


475 


ca,  between  Capes  Pinos  and  Anno  Nuevo,  22 
miles  apart.    Lat.  36°  36'  N. 

Montesa,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  9  m.  W.  S.  W. 
San  Felippe.     Pop.  800. 

Monte  St.  Giuliano,  t.  Sicily,  in  Val  di  Mazzara, 
20  m.  S.  Trapani.     Pop.  6,600. 

Montesano,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  20  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Policastro.     Pop.  4,600. 

Monte  Santo,  Gulf  of,  gulf  of  the  Archipelago, 
in  Macedon.  Mount  Athos  forms  the  N.  E.  side  of 
the  gulf.  Lon.  of  the  entrance,  24°  10'  E.  Lat. 
40"  N. 

Monte  Santo,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
16  m.  S.  Ancona. 

Montesarchio,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  25 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Naples.     Pop.  5,600. 

Monte  Scaglioso,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  7  m. 
S.  xMatera. 

Monte  Sirica,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  15  m.  S. 
Minervino. 

Montesquiou,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Garonne,  on 
the  canal  of  Languedoc,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Toulouse. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Montesquiou,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  4  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Mirande.     Pop.  1,800. 

Montesquiou  de  Folvestre,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Garonne,  33  m.  S.  Toulouse.     Pop.  2,800, 

Montevarchi,  t.  Tuscany,  25  m.  S.  E.  Florence. 

Monteverde,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  50 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Salerno.     Pop.  2,100, 

Monte  Video,  t.  S.  America,  in  Buenos  Ayres, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Plata,  in  a  small  bay, 
20  leagues  W.  of  Cape  Santa  Maria,  and  entirely 
walled  round.  The  harbour,  although  shallow, 
and  quite  open  to  the  western  winds,  which  blow 
with  incredible  fury  over  the  vast  plains  of  the  in- 
terior, is  the  best  in  the  Rio  de  la  Plata.  The 
town  occupies  the  whole  of  a  peninsular  promon- 
tory, that  forms  the  eastern  point  of  the  harbour. 
The  fortifications  are  to  the  north ;  they  are  regu- 
lar works,  built  of  stone,  inclosing  the  whole  of 
tlie  peninsula.  The  chief  trade  is  in  hides,  tallow, 
and  dried  beef.  In  1817,  Monte  Video  was  taken 
by  the  Portuguese,  who  claim  the  whole  country 
E.  of  the  Plata.  120  m.  E.  N.  E.  Buenos  Ayres. 
Lon.  56°  14'  30"  W.  Lat  34°  54'  48"  S.  Pop.  be- 
tween 15,000  and  20,000,  consisting  of  Spaniards, 
Creoles  and  slaves. 

MoHleux,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  9  m.  N.E. 
Avignon.    Pop.  3,300. 

Montezuma,  v.  in  Mentz,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Erie  canal,  12  m.  N.  W.  Auburn,  96  W. 
Utica. 

Monlfaucon,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  10  m.  N.  Cler- 
mont.    Pop.  1,100. 

Mnntfancon,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Loire,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Monistrol.     Pop.  1,300. 

Mont-Ferrand,  t.  France,  in  Auvergne,  2  m.  N. 
E.  Clermont.     Pop.  4,000. 

Montferrat,  a  duchy  in  the  N.  of  Italy,  forming 
a  part  of  the  Sardinian  states,  and  bounded  by 
Piedmont,  Genoa,  and  the  Milanese.  Extent,  900 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  186,000. 

Montfcrrir.r,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  9  m.  E.  N,  F*. 
Tarascon,     Pop.  1,200. 

Montfoort,  t  Netherlands,  on  the  Yssel,  8  m,  S. 
W.  Utrecht.     Pop.  1,900, 

Monlfort,  t.  France  in  Gers,  18  m.  N.  E.  Auch. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Montfort,  t.  France,  in  Landcs,  9  m,  S,  Tartas, 
Pop.  1,400. 

Montfort  la  Canne,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-ViI« 
laine,  14  m-  W.  Renne«.     Pop.  1,200. 


4t6 


M  O  N 


Montfort  VAmaury,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and- 
Oise,  28  m.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  2,700. 

Montfriru,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  14  m.  N.E.  Nismes. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Montgaillard,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Foix.     Fop.  1,000. 

Montgaillard,  t.  France,  in  Lsindes,  6  m.  E.  St. 
Sever.    Pop.  2,400. 

Montgiscard,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  on 
the  canal  of  Languedoc,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Toulouse. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Wales,  bounded  by- 
Shropshire  on  the  E.  by  Merioneth  and  Cardigan- 
shire on  the  W.  Radnorshire  on  the  S.  and  Den- 
bigh and  Merioneth  on  the  N.  Extent,  492,000 
acres,  or  768  sq.  miles.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
are  about  60,000  acres  of  arable  land,  180,000  in 
pasture,  and  about  250,000  in  waste,  including 
woodlands  and  other  plantations.  Pop.  in  1811, 
51,963. 

Montgomery,  borough,  Wales,  and  cap.  of  Mont- 
gomeryshire, is  near  the  Severn,  26  m.  S.  W. 
Hereford.  Lon.  3°  8'  W.  Lat.  32°  34'  N.  Pop. 
932. 

Montgomery,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  39  m.  N.  E. 
Burlinglon.     Pop.  237. 

Montgomery,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  10  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Springfield.    Pop.  595. 

Montgomery,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mohawk  river,  in- 
closed by  the  counties  of  Hamilton,  Saratoga, 
Schenectady,  Schoharie,  Otsego,  and  Herkimer. 
Pop.  41,906.     Chief  town,  Johnstown. 

Montgomery,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  W.  New- 
burg,  12  N.  Goshen,  70  fr.  New  York.  Pop.  4,710. 
It  contains  an  academy  and  8  houses  of  public 
worship. 

Montgomery,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,282. 

Montgomery,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Bucks,  Philadelphia,  Delaware,  Chester,  and 
Berks.     Pop.  29,703.     Chief  town,  Norristown. 

Montgomery,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  17  m.  N. 
Philadelphia.     Pop.  580. 

Montgomery,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,693. 

Montgomery,  co.  IVId.  on  the  Potomac.  Pop. 
17,980.  Slaves,  7,572.  Chief  town,  Rockville. 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office,  15  m.  from 
Washington. 

Montgomery,  co.  Va.  S.  of  Botetourt  co.  Pop. 
8,409.  Slaves,  1,099.  Chief  town,  Christians- 
"bui^.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Montgomery,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  8,430.  Slaves, 
1,696.     Chief  town,  Henderson. 

Montgomery,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Oakmulgee.  Pep.  2,954.  Slaves, 
747.     Chief  town,  Vernon. 

Montgomei-y,  co.  Alabama,  on  Alabama  river. 

Montgomery,  co.  Tennessee,  on  Cumberland 
river.  Pop.  8,021.  Slaves,  2,629.  Chief  town, 
Clarkesville. 

Montgomery,  co.  Ken.  on  Licking  river.  Pop. 
12,973.    Slaves,  1,767.     Chief  town.  Mount  Ster- 

Montgomery,  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river.  Pop.  m 
1815,  13,735.     Chieltown,  Dayton. 

Montgomery,  t.  Fninklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
1,800.  In  this  township  is  Columbus,  the  capital 
of  the  State. 

Montgomery,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  N.E. 
Cincinnati. 

Montgomery,  co.  Missouri. 

Montgomeryville,  p-t.  Gibson  co.  Indiana. 

Montguyon^  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  6  m. 
S.  E.  MonUieu.     Pop.  1,300. 


M  O  N 

Monthurtux  sur  Saon,e  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  on 
the  Saone,  4  m.  S.  S.  W.  Damey.     Pop.  1,400. 

Monticello,  p-v.  in  Thompson,  Sullivan  co.  N.Y. 
38  m.  from  Newbury,  22  from  Delaware  river. 

Monticello,  the  seat  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, late  President  of  the  U.  States,  in  Albe- 
marle CO.  Va.  2  m.  S.  E.  Charlottesville.  Lon. 
78°  48' W.  Lat.  38"  8' N. 

Monticello,  p-v.  Fairfield  co.  S.  C. 

Monticello,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jasper  co.  Geo.  32  m. 
N.  W.  MiUedgeville.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Monticello,  p-t.  Lawrence  co.  and  cap.  of  Mis- 
sissippi, on  Pearl  river,  90  m.  E.  Natchez.  Lon. 
90°  W.  Lat  31°  33'  N.  Its  situation  is  elevated  and 
healthy. 

Monticello,  p-t  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Ken.  about 
halfway  between  Cumberland  river  and  the  Ten- 
nessee boundary.  It  contains  about  30  houses,  a 
court-house  and  church.  Lead  has  been  lately 
found  in  the  neighbourhood. 

Monticello,  p-v.  Lawrence  co.  Arkansaw  Terri- 
tory. 

Montier,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  20  m.  S.  Bar  sur 
Ornain.     Pop.  1,300. 

Montier  en  Der,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Mame,  12 
m.  S.  St.  Dizier.     Pop.  1,500. 

Montieri,  t.  Tuscany,  18  m.  S.  W.  Sienna, 

Montignac  le  Comte,  t  France,  in  Dordogne,  21 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Perigueux.     Pop.  2,600. 

Montigny,  t  France,  in  Somme,  9  m.  S.  by  W. 
Montdidier.     Pop.  1,000. 

Montigny,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  4  m.  from  La- 
val.    Pop.  1,100. 

Montigny  le  Roi,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  on 
the  Maese,  15  m.  N.  E.  Langres.     Pop.  1,100. 

Montijo,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  near  the  Gua- 
diana,  15  m.  W.  Merida.     Pop.  3,000. 

Mont  ilia,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  18  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Cordova,  53  W.  N.  W.  Granada.     Pop.  6,300. 

MontiUy,  v.  France,  in  Orne,  2  m.  S.  W.  Conde. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Montils,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  5  m.  S. 
Saintes.     Pop.  1,500. 

MontivUliers,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Havre.     Pop.  4,000. 

Monfjoie,  t  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  12  S. 
W.  Agen.     Pop.  900. 

Montjoye,  t  Prussian  States,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aix- 
la-Chapelle.     Pop.  3,200. 

Montelhery,  t  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  15  m. 
S.E.  Versailles.     Pop.  1,500. 

Montlouis,  t  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  3  m. 
E.  Tours.     Pop.  3,000. 

Mont  Louis,  t  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees.  It 
is  regularly  built,  and  has  a  citadel  constructed 
by  Vauban.    21  m.  S.  W.  Prades.     Pop.  1,100. 

Montlucon,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  on  the  Cher,  53 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Clermont     Pop.  5,700. 

Montmarault,  t  France,  in  Allier,  22  m.  S.  W. 
Moulins.     Pop.  900. 

Montmartin  en  Graigne,  i.  France,  in  La  Man- 
che,  9  m.  N.  St  Lo.     Pop.  1,200. 

Montmarlre,  v.  France,  immediately  to  the  N. 
of  Paris,  on  a  hill  which  commands  a  great  part  of 
tl.at  city.     Fop.  1,300. 

Montmaur,  v.  France,  in  Aude,  6  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
telnaudary.     Pop.  1,000. 

Montmedy,  t  France,  inMeuse,  22  m.  N.Verdun, 
30  W.  S.  W.  Luxemburg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Monlmerle,  t  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  Saone,  22 
m.  S.  E.  Belleville.     Pop.  1,200. 

Montmirail,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  33  m.  S.  W. 
Chalons  sur  Marne.    This  was  the  scene  of  an  aci 


M  O  N 


M  O  N 


477 


^on  between  the  French  and  allies,  chiefly  Rus- 
sians, 12th  February  1814. 

Montmirail,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  27  m.  S.  E. 
Mamers.     Pop.  800. 

Montmorenci,  r.  Canada,  which  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence,  about  seven  miles  below  Quebec,  re- 
markable lor  its  beautiful  falls.  The  river  runs 
in  a  very  irregular  course,  through  a  wild  and 
thickly  wooded  country,  over  a  bed  of  broken 
rocks,  till  it  comes  to  the  brink  of  a  precipice, 
down  which  it  descends  in  one  uninterrupted  and 
nearly  perpendicular  fall  of  240  feet.  The  breadth 
of  the  river  at  the  top,  from  bank  to  bank,  is  only 
about  30  feet. 

Montmorency,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  8  m. 
N.  Paris.     Pop.  1,800. 

Montmorency,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  23  m.  N. 
Troves.     Pop.  1,600. 

Monimorillon,  t.  France,  in  La  Vienne,  246  m.  S. 
W.Paris.     Pop.  4,400. 

Montoire,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  30  m. 
W.  Nantes.     Pop.  3,200. 

Montoire,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  on  the 
Loir,  9  m.  S.  W.  Vendome.     Pop.  2,300. 

Montolieu,  t,  France,  in  Aude,  8  m.  N.  W.  Car- 
cassonne.    Pop.  1,500. 

Montana,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  Istria,  22  m.  S. 
by  E.  Trieste.     Pop.  1,000. 

Montoro,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Gua- 
dalquivir, 15  m.  E.  Andujar.     Pop.  4,000. 

Montoumois,t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  17  m.  N. 
Fontenay.     Pop.  1,800. 

Montpelier,  a  large  and  ancient  t.  in  the  south  of 
France,  cap.  of  Herault,  between  the  rivers  Mas- 
son  and  Lez.  The  squares  are  numerous,  but  none 
are  spacious  or  elegant.  The  Place  du  Peyron  is 
outside  of  the  town,  and  is  said  to  be  the  finest  pub- 
lic walk  in  Europe.  The  view  enjoyed  from  it 
extends  to  the  S.  W.  as  far  as  the  Pyrenees.  Wa- 
ter is  conveyed  to  the  town  from  a  distance  of  three 
leagues  by  a  magnificent  Roman  aqueduct,  com- 
posed of  three  rows  of  arches.  Montpelier  has 
long  been  the  seat  of  a  celebrated  university,  par- 
ticularly famous  for  its  school  of  medicine.  This 
still  subsists  under  the  name  of  an  academy.  The 
principal  trade  is  in  wine.  A  brisk  trade  is  also 
carried  on  in  verdigris,  which  is  manufactured 
here  in  immense  quantities.  32  m.  W.  S.  W.  Nis- 
mes,  100  W.  N.  W.  Marseilles.  Lon,  2^  52'  E. 
Lat.  43"  36'  N.  Pop.  33,000. 
^  Montpelier,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vermont,  and 
capital  of  (he  State,  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Onion  riv- 
er, 34  m.  E.  S.  E.  Burlington,  56  N.  N.  W.  Wind- 
sor, 120  S.  E.  Montreal,  160  N.  W.  Boston.  Lon. 
72°  40'  W.  Lat.  44"  17'  N.  It  is  surrounded  by 
hills,  but  is  a  great  thoroughfare,  the  travel  going 
through  it  in  all  directions.  It  contains  a  state- 
house,  court-house,  jail,  academy,  and  in  1810, 
1,877  inhabitants. 

Montpelier,  the  seat  of  the  Hon.  James  Madi- 
son, late  President  of  the  U.  States,  in  Orange  co. 
Va.  20  m.  N.  E,  IVlonticello. 

Montpelier,  p-v.  Richmond  co.  N.  C. 

Mont-Perdu,  a  very  lofty  mountain  in  the  Py- 
renees, on  the  frontier  between  France  and  Spain, 
It  has  a  double  summit,  of  which  the  higher  is  com- 
puted at  10,700  feet,  the  second  at  10,40(>, 

Montpeyroux,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  14  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Lodeve.     Pop.  3,000. 

Montpezat,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  14 
m.  N .  N.  E.  Montauban.     Pop.  2,700. 

Montpezat,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  22  m.  W.  Pri- 
vafl.     Pop.  2,400, 


Montpincon,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  6  m.  E. 
Coutances.     Pop.  2,400. 

Montpont,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  8  m. 
S.  S.  W .  Louhans.     Pop.  2,200. 

Montport,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  30  m.  S.  W. 
Perigeux.    Pop.  1,300. 

Mont  Pulciano,  t.  Tuscany.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  The  wine  made  here  is  accounted  the 
best  in  Tuscany.  50  m.  S.  S.  E.  Florence.  Pop. 
7,300. 

Montreal,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  9  m.  W.  Carcas- 
sonne.    Pop.  3,200. 

Montreal,  t  France,  in  Gers,  7  m.  W.  Condom. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Montreal,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  26  m.  N.  Alba- 
racin. 

Montreal,  t.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
island  of  Montreal,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  the 
second  town  of  tlie  province  in  size,  but  the 
first  in  commercial  importance.  The  houses  are, 
for  the  most  part,  built  of  a  greyish  st<*he,  many  of 
them  large,  handsome,  and  in  a  modern  style. 
Sheet  iron  or  tin  is  the  universal  covering  of  the 
roofs.  Among  the  public  institutions,  are  the  Ho- 
tel Dieu,  established  in  1644,  for  the  purpose  of 
administering  relief  to  the  destitute  sick,  and  con- 
ducted by  a  superior  and  36  nuns,  who  attend  and 
nurse  the  patients  ;  the  convent  of  Notre  Dame, 
composed  of  a  superior  and  60  sisters,  for  the  in- 
struction of  females  in  all  the  necessary  branches 
of  their  education  ;  the  general  hospital,  or  con- 
vent of  the  Grey  Sisters,  a  refuge  for  invalids  and 
the  aged  poor.  The  cathedral  church  in  the  Place 
d'Armes,  is  alarge  substantial  stone  building,  in 
which  no  great  taste  is  displayed,  the  height  not 
being  in  due  proportion. 

The  seminary  of  St.  Sulpice  is  a  very  respectable 
institution,  established  by  the  French  in  1657  ;  it 
has  several  able  professors,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  students.  A  new  college  has  been  re- 
cently erected,  as  an  appendage  to  the  seminary, 
at  an  expense  of  more  than  10,tKX);.  There  is  no 
English  college  in  Canada,  but  a  foundation  for  one 
has  been  laid  by  the  Hon.  James  M'Gill,  who  died 
in  1814,  and  bequeathed  10,000/.  beside?  a  hand- 
some real  estate,  for  endowing  a  college,  provided 
it  should  be  erected  within  10  years.  The  court- 
house in  Notre  Dame-street,  is  a  plain  handsome 
building.  At  the  upper  end  of  the  new  market 
place  is  a  handsome  monument  erected  in  honour 
of  lord  Nelson. 

Montreal  is  the  grand  depot  of  the  N.  W.  com- 
pany, whose  fur  trade  is  of  vast  extent  and  impor- 
tance. It  is  also  the  channel  through  which  is  car- 
ried on  the  commerce  between  Canada  and  the 
United  States.  The  harbour  is  not  large,  but  al- 
ways secure  for  shipping.  The  general  depth  of 
the  water  is  from  3  to  4^  fathoms,  with  very  good 
anchorage  every  where  between  the  Market-gate 
island  and  the  shore.  The  greatest  disadvantage 
to  this  harbour  is  the  rapid  of  St.  Mary,  about  a 
mile  below  it,  whose  current  is  so  powerful,  that 
without  a  strong  north-easterly  wind,  ships  cannot 
stem  it,  and  are  sometimes  detained  even  for 
"Weeks,  about  two  miles  only  from  the  place  where 
they  are  to  deliver  their  freight.  This  town  was 
taken  by  the  English,  under  the  command  of  Gen. 
Amherst,  in  the  year  1760.  In  1775,  it  was  taken 
by  the  Americans,  under  Gen.  Montgomery,  but 
soon  after  evacuated.  120  m.  S.  W .  Quebec,  220 
N.  by  W.  Boston,  286  N.  E.  Niagara.  Lon.  73° 
35'  W.  Lat.  45°  31'  N.  Pop-  in  181.^,  15,000,  and 
in  1 820,  estimated  at  20,000. 


/ 


478 


M  O  N 


Montreal,  isl.  Lower  Canada,  at  the  confluenct 
of  the  Grand  or  Ottawa  river  with  the  St.  Law- 
rence. It  forms  the  county  of  Montreal,  and  is  of 
a  triangular  shape,  32  miles  long-  by  10^  broad. 
The  riviere  de  Prairie  separates  it  on  the  N.  W. 
from  the  Isle  Jesus.  The  soil  is  highly  productive  in 
grain  of  every  species,  vegetables  and  fruits  of  va- 
rious kinds. 

Montreal,  a  district  of  Lower  Canada,  bounded 
N.  E.  by  the  district  of  Three  Rivers,  S.  by  the 
states  of  New- York  and  Vermont,  S.  W.  by  Upper 
Canada  and  the  Grand  or  Ottawa  river.  It  con- 
tains the  counties  of  York,  Effingham,  Leinster, 
Warwick,  Huntingdon,  Kent,  Surry,  Bedford, 
Richelieu,  and  Montreal. 

Montreal  Bay,  bay,  Canada,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Lake  Superior'.     Lon.  84°  50'  W.  Lat.  47"  10'  N. 

Montreal,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  flows  into 
Lake  Superior,  63  m.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  On- 
tanagon.  It  interlocks  with  the  Chippeway,  a 
branch  of  the  Mississippi ;  but  the  connexion  is 
interrupted  by  long  portages. 

Montredon,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  28  m.  S.  E.  Cas- 
tres.     Pop.  2,500. 

Montrejeau,  t  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Neste  and  Garonne,  9  m.  E.  St. 
Gaudens.     Pop.  2,600. 

Montrevaux,  t.  France,  in  Mainc-and-Loire,  on 
the  Loire,  13  m.  N.  N.  W.  ChoUet.     Pop.  1,000. 

Montrevel,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  12m.  N.  W.  Bourg. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Montr euil,  t.  Fi-ance,  20  m.  S.  E.  Boulogne.  Pop. 
3,400. 

Montreuil,  t.  France,  6  m.  E.  Paris.  Pop. 
3,200. 

Montreuil  Bellay,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire, 
12  m.  S.  W.  Saumur.     Pop.  1,600. 

Montreuil  hors  Virojlay,  v.  France,  in  Seine- 
and-Oise,  near  Versailles.     Pop.  1,700. 

Montreux,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Vaud,  4  m.  E.  Ve- 
vay. 

Montrichard,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  on 
the  Cher,  15  m.  S.  Blois.     Pop.  1,800. 

Montricoux,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne, 
15  m.  E.  by  N.  xMontauban.     Pop.  1,300. 

Montrigaud,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  12  m.  N.  N. 
£.  Romans.     Pop.  1,400. 

Montrol  Savart,  t.  France,  inCharente,  14  m.  E. 
Confolens.     Pop.  3,400. 

Montrose,  a  royal  burgh  and  seaport,  Scotland, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  South  Esk,  on  a  flat  sandy 
peninsula,  formed  by  the  river  and  the  German 
ocean.  The  harbour  of  Montrose  is  very  deep  and 
commodious,  and  fine  quays  have  been  lately  erect- 
ed. In  1819,  the  amount  of  registered  shipping  at 
this  custom-house  was  147  vessels,  12,058  tons, 
and  900  men.  These  are  chiefly  employed  in  the 
coasting  and  Baltic  trade,  and  several  in  the  whale 
fishery.  The  principal  manufacture  is  linen ;  and 
the  sheeting  and  sailcloth  manufactures  are  car- 
ried on  to  a  great  extent.  The  salmon  fishing  has 
long  been  carried  on  ;  and  of  late  years  that  of  cod 
has  greatly  increased.  But  the  most  important 
branch  of  the  export  trade  of  Montrose  is  corn.  12 
m.  N.  Arbroath,  and  37  S.  Aberdeen.  Lon.  2°  10' 
W.  Lat.  56"  34'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Montrose,  p-t.  and  cap.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

Montrose^  t.  Cumberland  co.  iV.  C. 

Montrottitr,  t.  France,  in  Rhone,  17  m.  W.  Ly- 
ons.    Pop.  1,600. 

Montrouis,  t.  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bight  of  Leogane,  5  leagues  S.  E.  St  Mark,  15 
N.  W.  of  Port  &u  Prince. 


MOO 

Monts,  t.  Frahce,"^n  Loir-and-Cher,  6  m.  S.  L 
Bios.     Pop.  1,700. 

Mont  St.  Jean,  hamlet,  Netherlands,  very  near 
the  scene  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 

Mont  St.  Jean,  L  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the 
Sarthe,  9  m.  E.  Beaumont  le  Vicomte.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Mont  St.  Michel,  v.  France,  in  la  Manche,  6  m. 
S.  W.  Avranches.  Lon.  1°  30'  25"  W.  Lat.  48" 
38"  14'  N.     Pop.  250. 

Mont  St.  Sulpice,  v.  France,  in  Yonne,  6  ra.  S. 
W.  S4.  Florentine.     Pop.  1,000. 

Montsauthe,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  1,300. 

Montsatigeon,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  17 
m.  S.  Langres. 

Montserral,  or  Monserrat,  a  great  mountain  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  remarkable  for  its  hermitag- 
es, and  a  rich  monastery  of  Benedictines.  It  is 
about  24  miles  in  circumference,  and  consists  of 
an  assemblage  of  conical  hills,  rising  above  each 
other,  and  attaining  a  height  of  more  than  3,000 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  28  m.  N.  W^.  Bar- 
celona. 

Montserrat,  isl.  West  Indies,  9  miles  long,  and 
containing  30,0(K)  acres,  of  which  almost  two- 
thirds  are  very  mountainous,  or  very  barren.  It 
belongs  to  the  English,  and  contains  1 1,000  inhab- 
itants, of  whom  10,000  are  blacks.  As  to  its  cli- 
mate, soil,  animals,  and  commerce,  it  resembles 
the  other  English  Carribee  islands.  Lon.  61"  6' 
W.  Lat.  16"  45'  N. 

Montsestin,  t.  Piedmont,  3  m.  S.  E.  Crescentino, 
3  E.  Verua. 

Mont  Severoux,  v.  France,  in  Isere,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Vienne. 

Montsoreau,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  on 
the  Loire,  14  m.  E.  S.  E.  Saumur.     Pop.  800. 

Montville,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Wiscasset.     Pop.  864. 

Montville,  t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Thames,  7  m.  above  its  mouth,  35  fr. 
Hartford.  Pop.  2,187.  It  contains  3  houses  for 
public  worship. 

Montuosa,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast 
of  Mexico.  Lon.  83"  36'  W.  Lat.  8"  15'  N. 

Monument,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Massachusetts 
bay,  in  Plymouth  county. 

Moni/oro-kerek,  or  Ebraun,  t.  Hungary,  76  m. 
S.  Vienna. 

Monza,  anciently  Modoetia,  t.  Austrian  Italy, 
on  the  Lambro.  One  of  its  churches  contains, 
among  other  curiosities,  the  iron  crown  of  the 
kingdom  of  Lombardy.  Charlemagne  was  crown- 
ed here  with  it  in  774.  Bonaparte  followed  this 
example  in  1805.     8  m.  W.  Milan.     Pop.  10,600. 

Monzanibano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Mincio. 
14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mantua. 

Monzingen,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Homburg,  14 
m.  W.  Creutznach.     Pop.  800. 

Monson,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Cinca,  8 
m.  S.  Barbastro.     Pop.  3,200. 

Moodgul,  district.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  between 
16"  and  17"  N.  lat.  and  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Krish- 
na river,  belonging  to  the  Nizam. 

Moodiis,  small  r.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  which  flows 
into  Salmon  river.  About  2  miles  from  its  source 
is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  70  feet. 

Mooers,  t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  bordering  on  Cana- 
da.    Pop.  311. 

Mooltan,  or  Moultan,  a  province  of  Hind,  be- 
tween 28"  and  31"  N.  lat.  bounded  N.  by  Lahore 


MOO 

and  Afghanistan,  W,  by  Baloochistan,  S.  by  Aj- 
meer  and  Sinde,  and  E.  by  Lahore  and  Ajmeer. 
The  northern  and  eastern  districts  of  this  province 
are  extremely  fertile,  being  watered  by  the  rivers 
of  the  Punjab.  To  the  we3t  of  the  Indus  it  is 
sterile.  The  nabob  of  Mooltan  is  obliged  to  pay 
tribute  to  the  Afghans,  Seiks,  and  rulers  of  Sinde. 
The  population  consists  of  Afghans,  Jats,  and  oth- 
er Hindoo  tribes. 

Mooltan,  the  capital  of  the  above-mentioned 
province,  is  about  4  m.  S.  E.  of  the  Chenab,  or 
Acesinies  river.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  wall, 
forty  feet  high,  with  towers  at  regular  distances, 
and  four  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  famous  for 
its  silks  and  carpets.  Here  are  2  tombs  of  Ma- 
hometan saints,  which  are  visited  annually  by  ma- 
ny thousands  of  pilgrims  from  all  parts  of  India. 
Lon.  71°  19'  E.  Lat.  SO**  35'  N. 

Moon,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,622. 

Moon,  Mountains  of  the.     See  Kumri,  Gebel. 

Moor,  t.  Hungary,  15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Stuhl-Weis- 
scmberg.     Pop.  2,500. 

Moorburg,  v.  Germany,  6  m.  S.  W.  Hamburg, 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1,650. 

Moordreght,  v.  Netherlands,  9  m.  N.  E.  Rotter- 
dam.    Pop.  1,600. 

Moore,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,108. 

Moore,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  6,367.  Slaves,  944.  Chief 
town,  Alfordstown.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Mooreland,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,692. 

Mooresborough,  p-v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C. 

Mooresfield,  or  Moorestown,  p-t.  Burlington  co. 
N.  J.  13  m.  E.  Philadelphia. 

Moorjield,  p-v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

MoorJield,v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  Hi  m.  S.  W. 
Cadiz. 

Moorjield,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819,  615. 

Moorjields,  t.  and  cap.  Hardy  co.  Va.  on  the  S. 
branch  of  the  Potomac,  25  m.  S.  S.  W.  Romney, 
180  N.  W.  Richmond. 

Moorghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  15  m.  N.  W. 
Darwar. 

Moorja,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  130  m.  E.  Sego. 

Moorley,  t.  Bengal,  in  Jessore.  Lon.  89"  15'  PJ. 
Lat.  23''  7'  N. 

Moorleydurserai,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  78"  40' 
E.  Lat.  27"  I' N. 

Moorsan,  fort.  Hind,  in  Agra,  10  m.  W.  by  S. 
Hatrass. 

Moorsburg,  p-v.  Hawkins  co.  Ten. 

Moorsele,v.  Netherlands,  14  m,  E.  Ypres,  26  S. 
Bruges.     Pop.  3,900. 

Moorshudabad,  city,  Bengal,  and  formerly  capi- 
tal of  that  province,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Bha- 
girutty  river,  about  120  miles  above  Calcutta. 
This  town  is  still  the  residence  of  the  nabob  of  Ben- 
gal, and  also  of  the  British  civil  establishment. 
It  carries  on  a  very  considerable  trade,  principal- 
ly in  silk,  both  raw  and  manufactured.  Lon.  89° 
IS'E.  Lat.  24°  11' N. 

Moorslede,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Ypres,  22  S.  by  W.  Bruges.     Pop.  5,000. 

Moose,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  in  Passama- 
quoddy  bay. 

Moose,  small  r.  Lower  Canada.  It  is  one  of  the 
head  waters  of  the  St.  Francis. 

Moose,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  Androscoggin, 
in  Durand. 

Moose,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  E.  side  of 
Black  river. 


M  O  R 


470 


Moosehead,  lake,  Maine,  the  source  of  the  E. 
branch  of  Kennebeck  river.  It  is  about  25  milefl 
long,  and  15  broad. 

Moosehillock,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Coventry.  Accord- 
ing to  the  measurement  made  by  Capt.  Partridge, 
the  N.  peak  is  4,636  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea. 

Moosers,  p-v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
Moosso,  t.   S.  Africa,    N.  of  Leetakoo,  said  to 
contain  from  10  to  12,000  inhabitants. 

Moosup,  r.  which  rises  in  R.  I.  and  joins  the 
Quinebaug,  in  Plainfield,  Ct. 

Mootapilly,  t.  Hind,  in  Guntoor,  at  the  mouth  of 
a  river  which  falls  into  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Lon. 
80°10'E.  Lat.  15°35'N. 

Mooiypolliam,  t.  India,  5  m.  S.  Cuddalore. 

Mopeha.     See  Howe's  Island. 

MoquehvM,  a  province  of  Peru.  Moquehua, 
the  capital,  is  at  the  foot  of  the  Andes,  70  m.  S. 
Arequipa.  Lon.  70"  48'  W.  Lat.  17"  13'  S.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Moqueson  gap,  p-v.  Scott  co.  Va. 

Mora,  t.  Piedmont,  7  m.  S.  W.  Alba.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Mora,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Oppa, 
near  Troppau. 

Mora,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20  m.  E.  S.  E, 
Toledo. 

Mora,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Ebro,  23  m. 
N.  Tortosa. 

Morad,  r.  .\rmenia,  which  rises  in  about  38°  40' 
N.  lat.  and  43"  30'  E.  lon.  and  flowing  westward, 
joins  the  N.  branch  of  the  Euphrates,  near  Keb- 
ban,  in  Mount  Taurus. 

Moradabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  78"  46'  E, 
Lat.  28°  52'  N. 

Moradabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75°  28'  E. 
Lat.  26"  40' N. 

Morainville,  v.  France,  in  Calvados,  1 1  m.  E. 
by  N.  Lisieux.     Pop.  1,000. 

Moraisa,  s-p.  Africa,  24  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tunis. 

Morales,  t.  New  Granada,  on  the  Rio  Magda- 
lena.     Lat.  8"  15'  N. 

Moranne,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  on  the 
Sarthe,  5  m.  N.  Chateauneuf.    Pop.  1,900. 

Morano,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po,  5  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Casale. 

Morant  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon. 
76"  W.  Lat.  17"  54' N. 

Morant  Point,  or  East  Point,  cape,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  75°  52'  W.  Lat.  17* 
66' N. 

Morant  Keys,  or  Ranas,  small  islands  in  the 
Carribbean  sea,  36  m.  S.  E.  Jamaica.  Lon.  75" 
40'  W.  Lat.  17"  35'  N. 

Moraria,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia. 
Lon.  0"  1'  W.  Lat.  38°  40'  N. 

Moral.     See  Murten. 

Moratalla,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  50  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Murcia.     Pop.  6,000. 

Morara,  or  The  March,  r.  Austrian  states,  which 
rises  in  the  mountains  between  Bohemia  and  Mo- 
ravia, and  falls  into  the  Danube  above  Presburg. 

Morava,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  40  ra.  N. 
N.  W.  Nizza. 

Moravia,  a  province  of  the  Austrian  empire, 
bounded  E.  by  Hungary,  S.  by  Austria  proper,  N. 
and  W.  by  Bohemia.  Including  Austrian  Silesia. 
which  is  now  annexed  to  it,  it  contains  12,122  sq. 
miles,  and  1,688,252  inhabitants.  Of  these,  1,840 
sq.  miles,  and  347,000  inhabitants,  belong  to  Sile- 
sia,    The  soil  of  Moravia  is,  in  general,  of  great 


480 


M  O  R 


M  O  R 


fertility,  particularly  in  the  south.  Little  corn, 
however,  is  raised  for  exportation.  Flax  is  culti- 
vated in  considerable  quantities.  In  certain  fa- 
vourable situations,  the  soil  and  climate  are  well 
adapted  to  the  grape.  The  most  productive  mines 
are  those  of  iron  and  lead.  The  inhabitants  are 
of  three  races ;  Germans,  Sclavonians,  and  Jews. 
The  latter  amount  to  only  30,000.  The  Roman 
Catholic  religion  is  the  most  prevalent.  The  Pro- 
testants were  formerly  numerous,  but  being  per- 
secuted, were  compelled  to  emigrate,  and,  when 
Joseph  II.  proclaimed  liberty  of  worship,  the 
remaining  Protestants  were  found  to  be  only 
12,000  Calvinists,  and  11,000  Lutherans.  Mora- 
via has,  like  the  other  provinces  of  the  Austrian 
empire,  an  assembly  of  states  or  representatives, 
but  their  influence  is  little  more  than  nominal. 
This  province  has  recently  made  a  very  consider- 
able progress  in  manufactures.  Woollen,  linen, 
and  cotton  goods  are  all  made  here  on  a  large 
scale.  Machinery  on  the  English  plan  has  of  late 
come  into  extensive  use. 

Moravicsa,  v.  Austrian  states,  32  m.  E.  Fiume. 
Pop.  1,250. 

Moraua,  large  r.  in  the  N.  W.  of  Eu.  Turkey, 
which  falls  into  the  Danube,  considerably  to  the 
east  of  Belgrade. 

Morayshire,  or  Elginshire,  co.  Scotland,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  Moray  frith,  E.  and  S.  E.  by  Banff- 
shire, S.  W.  by  Inverness-shire,  and  W.  by  Inver- 
ness and  Nairn.  It  is  42  miles  long,  and  about  20 
broad. 

Moray,  or  Murray  Frith,  a  large  inlet  of  the 
German  ocean,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland. 

Morbegno,  or  Morten,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m.  S. 
by  E.  Chiavenna,  26  N.  Bergamo.     Pop.  2,400. 

Morbeke,  v.  Netherlands,  12  m.  N.  Ghent.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Morbihan,  a  department  in  the  N.  W.  of  France. 
Extent,  2,800  sq.  miles.  Pop.  403,500.  Vannes 
is  the  capital. 

Morcone,  t.  Naples,  19  m.  S.  S.  E.  Molise.  Pop. 
4,600. 

■  Mordelles,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,  9  m. 
W.  Rennes.     Pop.  2,300. 

Mordy,  t.  Poland,  10  m.  E.  by  N.  Siedlec. 

Mordyk,  or  Motrdyk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  4  m.  N.  E.  Klundert,  10  N.  N.W.  Breda. 

Morea,  the  ancient  Peloponnesus,  an  extensive 
peninsula  of  Eu.  Turkey,  united  to  the  rest  of 
Greece  by  a  narrow  neck  of  land  called  the  isth- 
mus of  Corinth.  Extent,  13,500  sq.  miles.  The 
coast  abounds  with  fine  bays  and  harbors.  The 
interior  still  presents  to  the  eye  of  the  traveller 
the  same  picturesque  beauty,  the  same  fertility 
of  soil  and  mildness  of  climate,  for  which  it  was 
remarkable  in  the  days  of  ancient  Greece.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  country  is  mountainous ;  but 
its  surface  is  intersected  by  a  number  of  beautiful 
plains  and  extensive  vallies.  The  trade  is  incon- 
siderable, the  total  exports  not  exceeding  in  value 
300,000/.  They  consist  chiefly  of  corn,  wine,  oil, 
cheese,  but  particularly  of  currants,  of  which  about 
80,000  cwt.  are  said  to  be  shipped  annually.  The 
population  is  about  400,000.  Of  these,  four-fifths 
are  Greeks,  and  the  remainder  Turks,  Albanians, 
and  foreigners. 

Moreau,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
16  m.  N.  E.  Ballstou-spa,  50  N.  Albany.  Pop. 
1,347.  It  is  at  the  great  bend  of  the  Hudson,  and 
here  are  t%vo  falls  io  the  river.  Bakers  falls  and 
Glenns  falls. 


Moreau,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  S.  W. 
side  of  the  Missouri. 

Morebat,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia.  Lon. 
55°  4' E.  Lat.  17»N. 

Moree,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  10  m.  N. 
Vendome,  20  N.  Blois.     Pop.  1,000. 

Moreland,  t.  New  Madrid  co.  Missouri. 

Morell,  or  Moril,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  the  Valais, 
near  the  Rhone,  5  m.  N.  E.  Brieg. 

Morella,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  33  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Peniscola,  33  W.  S.  W.  Tortosa. 

Morena,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
tlie  N.  E.  point  of  the  island  of  Candia. 

Morena,  Sierra,{Montes Mariayia,)  a  well  known 
mountain  chain,  extending  along  great  part  of  the 
south  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  and  separating  the 
two  great  vallies  which  contain  the  rivers  Gua- 
diana  and  Guadalquiver.  It  begins  near  the  E. 
border  of  La  Mancha,  and  running  W.  termin- 
ates in  Cape  St.  Vincent  on  the  Atlantic. 

Moret,  t.  France,  in  Seine -and-Marne,  12  m.  S. 
E.  Melun.     Pop.  1,700. 

Moreton,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion  river, 
7  m.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  405. 

Moreton  Hampstead,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  14 
m.  S.  W.  Exeter,  185  W.  by  S.  London.  Lon.  3" 
45'  W.  Lat.  3°  40'  N.     Pop.  1,653. 

Moreton  in  the  Marsh,  v.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  30 
m.  E.  Worcester,  82  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  938. 

Moreton,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Holland. 
Lon.  153°  26i'  E.  Lat.  27°  Oh' S. 

Moretta,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  W.  Alba,  22  S.  Tu- 
rin.    Pop.  5,200. 

Moreuil,  t.  France,  in  Sorame,  9  m.  N.  W.  Mont- 
didier,  12  S.  E.  Amiens.     Pop.  1,500. 

Morey,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  St. 
Claude.     Pop.  1,300. 

Morga.     See  Murghab. 

Morgan,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  52  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.    Pop.  135. 

Morgan,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,622. 

Morgan,  co.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee.  Pop.  8,369. 
Slaves,  2,414.     Chief  town,  Madison. 

Morgan,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum.  Chief 
town,  Mac  Connelsville. 

Morgan,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

Morgan,  t  Butler  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  W.  Hamil 
ton, 

Morgan,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  N.  Gallipoli- 

Morgan,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  388. 

Morganjield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Union  co.  Ken. 

Morgans,  \)-v.  Muhlenburg  co.  Ken. 

Morgan''s  Island,  small  isl.  New  Holland,  in 
the  gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Lon.  136°  9i' £.  Lat. 
13°  27i'  S. 

Morgansville,  p-v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

Morgantown,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Va. 

Morgantoivn,  p-t.  and  cap.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 
on  the  Monongahela,  30  m.  fr.  Brownsville,  76  fr. 
Cumberland.  Pop.  about  500.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  jail,  and  60  or  70  houses. 

Morgantown,  p-v.  Burke  co.  N.  C.  on  the  Cata- 
baw,  45  m.  fr.  Wilkes,  AQ  fr.  Lincolnton. 

Morgantown,  p-t.  Blount  co.  Ten. 

Morgantown,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ken. 

Morga?itown,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio. 

Morgarten,  mt.  Switz.  in  the  cantons  of  Schweitz 
and  Zug,  known  as  the  scene  of  the  most  cele- 
brated efforts  of  the  Swiss  ia  defence  of  their 
liberties. 

Morgenstem,  v.  Bohemia,  56  m.  N.  E.  Prague. 
Pop.  1,900. 


jM  o  r 

Marges,  t.  Switz.  in  the  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the 
iake  of  Geneva,  6  m.  W.  Lausanne,  23  N.  E.  Ge- 
neva.    Lon.  6°  30'  E.  Lat.  46"  SV  N. 

MorgesUd,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  17 
m.  E,  by  S.  Breda.     Pop.  1, 100. 

Morginaivcd,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Conipiegnc.     Pop.  1,100. 

Moriak,  Mount,  in  Sac.  Geog.  hill  in  Jerusalem 
on  which  the  temple  stood. 

Moriah,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Champlain, 
between  Elizabethtown  and  Crown  point.  Pop. 
584. 

Moricre,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  4  m.  fr.  Avig- 
non.    Pop.  1,700. 

Mories,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Pihone,  14 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Tarascon.     Pop.  1,6(X). 

Morin,  r.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  which 
runs  into  the  Marae  below  Meaux. 

Moringen,  t.  Hanover,  10  m.  N.  N.  W.  Gottin- 
gen.     Pop. 1,800. 

Morkowilz,  t.  Moravia,  21  m.  S.  Olmutz.  Pop. 
1,000 

Morlaas,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  7  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Pau.     Pop.  1,700. 

Morlackia,  a  district  belonging:  partly  to  Tur- 
key, and  partly  to  Austria.  It  lies  between  Dal- 
matia  and  Croatia,  and  forms  part  of  these  prov- 
inces.    Its  inhabitants  are  an  uncivilized  tribe. 

Morlaix,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  5  m.  trom  the 
sea,  on  the  small  river  Morlaix,  which  forms  a 
harbour,  and  by  which  vessels  of  100  tons  can 
come  up  to  the  town  at  high  water.  34  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Brest.  Lon.  3°  45'  W.  Lat.  48°  34'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Morlane,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  12  m. 
N.  Pau.     Pop.  1,000. 

Morley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  S.  VV.  Leeds. 
Pop.  2,457. 

Mormant,  t.  France,  in  Scinc-and-Marne,  6  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Melun.     Pop.  1,000. 

Mormoiron,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  6  m.  E. 
Carpentras,  22  N.  E.  Avignon.     Pop.  1,600. 

Mornant,  t.  France,  in  Rhone,  10  m.  S.  S.W.  Ly- 
ons, 16  N.  E.  St.  Etienne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Mornas,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  9  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Orange.     Pop.  1,500. 

Morne  au  Diable,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  His- 
paniola.     Lon.  72''  47'  W.    Lat.  19"  12'  N. 

Morninglon  Isle,  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria, 
Lon.  139°  49'  E.    Lat.  16°  32'  S. 

Morocco,  an  emjiire  in  the  N.  W.  of  Africa,  ex- 
tending on  the  coast  from  Algiers  to  the  Sahara  or 
Great  Desert ;  bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean, 
E.  by  Algiers  and  Bilednlgerid,  S.  by  the  Great 
Desert,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  It  comprehends 
the  former  small  kingdoms  of  Fez,  Morocco,  Ta- 
rudant,  and  Tafilet.  It  is  traversed  through  its 
whole  extent  by  the  great  chain  of  Atlas,  which 
runs  parallel  to  the  coast,  leaving  between  itself 
and  the  sea  a  plain  400  or  500  miles  long,  and  from 
50  to  100  broad.  This  plain  comprises  all  the  fer- 
tile and  populous  part  of  Morocco.  The  country 
beyond  the  Atlas,  though  at  first  abounding  in 
dates  and  affording  good  pastun-ige,  becomes  grad- 
ually more  and  more  barren,  till  all  vegetation  is 
lost  in  the  wide  expanse  of  the  Sahara. 

The  population  has  been  variously  estimated 
from  5  millions  to  nearly  1 5  millions.  Mr.  Jackson 
states  it  from  the  imperial  register  at  14,986,000, 
but  this  is  believed  to  be  extravagant.  The  in- 
habitants consist  of  Moors,  Arabs,  Brebers  apd 
J  ews.     The  Moors  are  the  nding  people,  and  con- 

61 


M  O  R 


481 


stitute  the  mass  of  population  in  all  the  cities. 
The  Arabs  wander  with  their  flocks  and  herds  in 
the  interior  districts  on  the  borders  of  the  desert. 
The  Brebers  are  the  descendants  of  the  ancient 
natives,  and  occupy  the  rocks  and  secluded  val- 
lies  of  the  Atlas,  where  they  are  almost  indepen- 
dent, and  often  break  out  in  rebellion,  rushing 
down  upon  the  plain,  and  sometimes  carrying  their 
arms  even  to  the  gates  of  the  capital.  The  Jews 
are  the  principal  merchants,  and  are  continually 
insulted  and  most  cruelly  oppressed  by  the  Moors. 

The  government  of  iViorocco  is  the  most  abso- 
lute despotism  on  the  face  of  the  earth.  There  is 
no  check  whatever  upon  the  will  of  the  sovereign. 
Life  and  property  are  disposed  of  according  to  ttie 
caprice  of  the  moment.  Some  of  the  monarchs 
have  even  considered  an  adherence  to  their  en- 
gagements as  an  unlawful  check  upon  their  pow- 
er. "  Takest  thou  me  for  an  infidel,"  said  one  of 
them  to  a  foreigner,  "  that  I  must  be  the  slave  of 
my  word,"  The  army  consists  of  about  36,000 
men,  of  whom  24,000  are  negro  mercenaries,  and 
12,000  Moorish  cavalry. 

The  commerce  of  Morocco  with  Europe  is  al- 
most wholly  carried  on  from  the  port  of  Mogodor. 
The  inland  trade  consists  chiefly  of  that  carried  on 
across  the  Great  Desert,  to  Soudan  and  Tombuc- 
too. 

Morocco,  called  by  the  natives  Marakasch,  a  city 
of  the  above  empire,  which,  being  the  most  usual 
residence  of  the  sovereign,  is  considered  the  cap- 
ital, though  in  magnitude  and  population  it  does 
not  equal  Fez.  It  was  founded  in  1052,  and  in  the 
following  century,  under  the  reign  of  Ali  Ben  Yu- 
suf,  it  was  in  its  highest  prosperity,  and  has  been 
represented  as  containing  a  million  inhabitants. 
It  is  now  much  depopulated,  and  covered  with  the 
accumulated  ruins  of  houses  and  gardens :  nor  is 
the  population  estimated  by  the  most  intelligent 
travellers  at  more  than  30,000.  It  still  retains 
vestiges,  however,  of  its  former  grandeur.  The 
temples,  sanctuaries  and  mosques  are  very  nume- 
rous ;  and  some  of  the  latter  are  particularly  lofty 
andsplendid.  The  walls  are  in  good  repair,  having 
been  strengthened,  previous  to  the  siege,  by  Mu- 
ley  Yezid,  in  1792.     Lon.  T  W.    Lat.  30°  57'  N. 

Morokinne,  or  Morotrnnee,  one  of  the  small 
Sandwich  islands,  between  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Mowee,  and  the  island  of  Tahoorowa.  Lon.  233° 
31' E.    Lat.  20"  37'  N. 

Moro7i,  t.  Spain,  33  m.  E.  S.  E.  Seville,  65  S.  by 
W.  Cordova. 

Morona,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Amazons,  41 
m.  S.  by  E.  San  Borja,  in  lat.  4°  38'  30"  S. 

Moroioi,  or  Morokoi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  isl- 
ands, 40  miles  long  and  7  broad,  10  m.  W.  N.  W, 
Mowee.     Lon.  158"  W.    Lat.  21°  10'  N. 

Morozzo,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  N.  E.  Coni. 

Morpelh,  thorough  and  t.  England,  in  Northum- 
berland CO.  on  the  VVansbeck,  14  m.  N.  Newcastle- 
on-Tyne.  Lon.  1°  40'  W.  Lat.  55°  10'  N.  Pop. 
3,520. 

Morra,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  30  m.  S. 
E.  Benevento,  and  55  E.  by  N.  Naples.  Pop. 
3,300. 

Morriches,  p-v.  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.  on  the  S. 
side  of  Long  Island,  72  m.  from  New- York. 

Morris,  co.  N.  J.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Bergen,  Essex,  Somerset,  Hunterdon  and  Sussex, 
Pop.  21,821.     Chief  town,  Morristown. 

Morris,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  944. 

Mmris,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,67P. 

Morrit.  t.  Knox  oo.  Ohio. 


482 


M  O  R 


Morris^ Jlats,  p-v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Morristoum,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  19  m.  N.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  550. 

Morrislown,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  2  m.  below  Brockville. 

Morrislown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  19  m. 
N.  W.  Newark,  28  W.  N.  W.  New-York.  Pop. 
3,753.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  bank, 
a  printing  press,  an  academy,  and  2  churches,  1  for 
Presbyterians  and  1  for  Baptists. 

Morrislown,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  19  m.  W. 
Mount  Pleasant. 

Morrislown,  t.  and  cap.  Buncombe  co.  N.  C. 

Morrislown,  p-t.  Belmont  co.  Oliio,  27  m.  from 
Warren. 

Morrisville,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 

Morrisiille,  borough  and  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on 
•he  Delaware,  1  m.  below  Trenton,  29  above 
Philadelphia.     Pop.  261. 

Morrisville,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

Morro  de  Bonifacio,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lat.  39°  25'  S. 

Morro  Cobir,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in 
Zanguebar.     Lat.  8°  5'  S. 

Morro  Chico,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Honduras. 
Lat.  15°  35'  N. 

Morro  de  Carapucho,  headland  on  the  coast  of 
Peru.     Lat  19°  35'  S. 

Morro  de  los  Diabolos,  headland  on  the  coast  of 
Peru.    Lat.  18°  S. 

Morro  Hermoso,  promontory  on  the  coast  of  Cal- 
ifornia.     Lat.  27°  52'  N. 

Morro  Moreno,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat. 
23°  10'  S. 

Morro-morro,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  40  m.  N.  E.  Co- 
cha. 

Morro  de  Puercos,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mex- 
ico.    Lat.  7°  35'  N. 

Morro  Q^uemado,  headland  on  the  coast  of  Peru. 
Lat.  14^20' S. 

Morro  de  S.  Josef,  headland  on  the  coast  of  Pe- 
ru.   Lat.  24°  S. 

Morro  di  Valle,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  4  m.  N.  Jesi,  14  W.  Ancona. 

Mors,  or  Morsoe,  isl.  of  the  Lymfiord  gulf,  in  the 
N.  of  Jutland,  in  lat.  56°  41'  N.  Area,  136  square 
miles.     Pop.  about  7,800. 

Morsch,  V.  Baden,  6  m.  N.  W.  Carlsrulie. 

Morschansk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  on  the 
Zna,  78  m.  N.  Tambov.     Pop.  4,200. 

Morsehen,  or  Morsen,  Old,  v.  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
on  the  Fulda,  18  m.  S.  Cassel.  Pop.  1,000.  On 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  river  stands  New  Mors- 
ehen.    Pop.  1,500. 

Morspurg,  t.  Baden,  on  the  lake  of  Constance, 
6  m.  N.  E.  Constance.     Pop.  1,400. 

Morsum,  v.  Denmark,  18  m.  W.  Tondern.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Mortagne,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  15  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Seez,  18  E.  N.  E.  Alencon.     Pop.  5,800. 

Morlagne,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  27  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Nantes. 

Mortagne,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  on 
the  Gironde,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pons.     Po]5.  1,300. 

Mortain,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  30  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Coutances,  16  E.  Avranches.     Pop.  2,700. 

Mortaro,  t.  Sardinian  states,  7  m.  N.  Lumello, 
25  S.  W.  Milan.     Pop.  2,800. 

Mortaro,  or  Martero,  commonly  called  Mortar, 
small  hi.  of  the  Adriatic,  on  the  coast  of  Austrian 
Dalmatia,  N.  W.  of  Sebenico.  It  is  13  miles  in 
circiTirfereuce.     I. on.  10^  44'  E.    Lat.  43°  57'  N. 


M  O  S 

Morleau,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  12  m.  S.  E.  Poa- 
talier,  24  E.  S.  E.  Besancon.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mortero,  or  Morlori,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lon.  9"  36'  26"  E.    Lat.  41°  12'  46"  N. 

Mortier  Bank,  fishing  bank  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Newfoundland.     Lon.  54°  48'  W.    Lat.  47°  5'  N. 

Mortier  s  Rocks,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  54°  55' W.    Lat.  47°  N. 

Mortizabad,  district,  Hind,  in  Bejapour,  be- 
tween 17°  and  18°  N.  lat.  and  intersected  by  the 
river  Krishna.  Its  chief  towns  are  Merritch  and 
Carrar. 

Mortizanagur.     See  Gunioor. 

Morton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  N.  E.  Keigh- 
ley.     Pop.  987. 

Mortonsville,  t.  Woodford  co.  Ken.  6  m.  from 
Versailles. 

Mortori.     See  Mortero. 

Mortree,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  13  m.  N.  Alengon 
Pop.  1,000. 

Morty,  isl.  Eastern  seas,  25  m.  from  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  isl.  of  Gilolo.  It  is  65  miles  long,  and 
from  10  to  25  broad.  Lon.  128°  23'  E.  Lat.  2° 
15' N. 

Morviedro.     See  Murviedro. 

Morvilliers,  t.  France,  in  Lower-Seine,  20  m. 
E.  Neufchatel,  6  E.  by  N.  Aumale.     Pop.  1,500. 

Morung,  district.  Hind,  tributary  to  Nepaul,  in 
27°  N.  lat.  and  bounded  S.  by  Bengal. 

Morungen.     See  Mohringen. 

Morwara,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  30  m.  S.  S.  W, 
Thcraud. 

Mors-zuschlag,  or  Murz-ziischlag,  t.  Austrian 
states,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Bruck.     Pop.  800. 

Mosalsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  55  ra.  W.  Kaluga.  Pop 
1,300. 

Mosambique,  city  and  s-p.  E.  Africa,  and  cap, 
of  all  the  Portuguese  possessions  in  that  quarter 
These  possessions  were  at  one  time  truly  extensive, 
at  least  as  to  the  coast  embraced  by  them,  which 
might  be  estimated  at  two  thousand  miles,  includ- 
ing the  large  and  populous  emporia  of  Sofala,  Mo- 
sambique, Quiloa,  Monjbaca  ard  Melinda.  Most 
of  these  have  been  successively  wrested  from  them, 
and  their  dominion  is  now  bounded  by  Cape  Del- 
gado  on  the  N.  and  Cape  CoiTientes  on  the  S.  and 
includes  no  places  of  importance  except  Mosam- 
bique and  Sofala.  Mosambique  is  built  on  an  isl- 
and of  the  same  name.  The  settlement  retains 
few  traces  of  its  former  importance.  The  fort, 
however,  is  strongly  built,  of  an  octagonal  form, 
furnished  with  six  bastions,  and  defended  by  80 
pieces  of  cannon.  The  trade  has  much  declined, 
and  consists  now  chiefly  in  the  export  of  gold,  ivory 
and  slaves.  The  last  article  has  been  greatly 
diminished  by  the  laudable  zeal  with  which  the 
English  have  e  zerted  themselves  for  the  preven- 
tion of  this  traffic.  ,  The  whole  number  now  ex- 
ported is  not  supposed  to  exceed  4,000.  Lon.  40' 
40'  E.  Lat.  15°  1'  S.  Pop.  2,80t>,  of  whom  500  are 
Portuguese,  800  Arabs,  and  1,500  negroes. 

Mosbach,  t.  Baden,  20  m.  E.  S.  E.  Heidelsberg, 
16  N.  by  W.  Heilsbronn.     Pop.  2,200. 

Mosbnrg,  or  Mospurg,  t.  Ba'/aria,  on  the  Iser, 
21  m.  N.  E.  Munich,  9  S.  W.  Landshut.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Moschcnissa,  t.  Austrian  States,  inlstria,  on  the 
gulf  of  Flanati,  3  m.  S.  Laurana.     Pop.  2,000. 

Moscho,  t.  Dongola,  in  Africa,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Nile,  100  m.  N.  W.  Dongola. 

Moscow,  a  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  lying  be- 
tween 35°  10'  afld  38"  40'  E.  lon.  and  54°  40'  and 


M  O  S 


M  O  S 


483 


iie*'  30'  N.  lat.  Area,  10,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,126,000. 

Moscow,  (in  Russian  Moskva,)  a  great  city  of  Eu. 
Russia,  and  formerly  the  capital  of  the  empire. 
Including  the  suburbs,  it  is  more  than  20  miles  in 
circumference.  The  great  extent  of  space  thus 
occupied  is  owing  partly  to  thewidthof  the  streets, 
but  more  to  the  number  of  spacious  courts,  gar- 
dens, and  other  open  spaces.  The  river  Moskva 
traverses  the  city  from  W.  to  E. 

Moscow  consists  of  four  circular  or  semi-circu- 
lar divisions,  each  surrounding  the  other.  1.  The 
central  part,  containing  the  Kremlin  and  the  Ki- 
taigorod,  or  mercantile  quarter.  2.  The  Bielo- 
gorod,  or  White  town,  extending  around  the  cen- 
tral part  like  a  half  moon,  and  was  formerly  en- 
compassed with  white  stone  walls.  3.  The  Sem- 
liano-gorod,  or  Earthen  town,  much  more  exten- 
sive than  either  of  the  preceding,  and  surrounding 
them  both  in  a  circular  form.  It  derived  its  name 
from  the  earthen  ramparts  by  which  it  was  for- 
merly defended.  4.  The  Slobodes,  or  suburbs, 
which,  to  the  number  of  nearly  30,  surround  the 
whole,  and  occupy  a  great  extent  of  ground.  The 
Kremlin  stands  on  a  height,  and  commands  a 
pleasant  prospect  over  almost  the  whole  city. 
Here  is  the  ancient  palace  of  the  czars,  which  es- 
caped the  great  conflagration  of  1812,  but  was 
mucli  damaged  by  mines  sprung  by  the  last  French 
detachment,  on  their  leaving  Moscow.  It  is  now, 
however,  rebuilt,  with  improvements.  Here  is 
also  the  church  of  St.  Michael,  containing  the 
tombs  of  the  ancient  czars,  and  the  church  of  the 
Assumption  of  the  Virgm  Mary,  in  which  the  em- 
perors are  crowned.  The  Bielo-gorod  contains 
several  of  the  widest  streets  of  Moscow  ;  but  has 
no  remarkable  public  building,  except  the  arsenal 
and  cannon  foundry.  A  considerable  part  of  this 
quarter  escaped  the  great  conflagration.  The 
Semliano-gorod  has  also  wide  streets,  and  contains 
from  its  magnitude,  a  large  proportion  of  the  pop- 
ulation of  Moscow.  The  Slobodes,  or  suburbs, 
are  mean,  and  look  like  so  many  detached  villages, 
with  the  exception  of  the  German  suburb,  which 
is  inhabited  by  a  number  of  foreign  mechanics. 
Fires  are  of  very  frequent  occurrence  in  this 
wooden  built  city ;  and  a  large  establishment  of 
firemen  and  fire  engines  is  connected  with  the 
police. 

In  September  1812,  at  the  time  of  the  French 
invasion,  the  Russians  set  fire  to  the  city,  and  three- 
fourths  of  it  were  consumed  ;  the  Kremlin  and 
Bielo-gorod  being  almost  the  only  quarters  pre- 
served. For  some  time  the  rebuilding  went  on 
slowly  :  the  years  of  1813  and  part  of  1814,  were 
years  ol  war  and  heavy  expence  ;  but  no  sooner 
was  peace  cohcluded,  than  the  greatest  exertions 
were  made  to  this  effect,  both  by  the  government 
and  individuals  ;  and  by  the  beginning  of  1818,  a 
new  city  seemed  to  have  risen  from  the  ruins. 
The  Kitai-gorod,  or  quarter  for  the  exchange  and 
mercantile  ware -houses ;  the  more  extensive  quar- 
ter of  the  Semlian-gorod  ;  and  even  the  Slobodes 
OP  suburbs,  were  all  re-built  before,  or  in  the 
course  of  that  year  ;  and  the  population  of  Mos- 
cow was  carried  to  nearly  its  former  magnitude. 
The  deficiency  is  in  the  palaces  of  the  nobility  ; 
many  of  these  have  notbeen  rebuilt,  having  been  on 
a  scale  by  far  too  large  for  the  income  of  their  own- 
ers, who  are  now  contented  to  live  at  a  reduced 
•expence  on  their  estates  in  the  country. 

The  new  city  has  wider  streets,  and  greater  uni- 


formity in  its  private  buildings ;  but  in  its  churches 
and  public  edifices,  the  Asiatic  taste  is  still  preser- 
ved. The  university  having  been  rebuilt  in  a 
magnificent  form,  by  aid  from  the  public  treasury, 
was  opened  on  the  11th  November  1818,  and  the 
former  course  of  study  i-esumed.  The  Kremlin  is 
the  great  depot  of  the  antiquities  and  curiosities  of 
Moscow.  Here  is  the  tower  of  Ivan,  which  for- 
merly contained  the  largest  bell  in  the  known 
world,  its  weight  being  above  200  tons.  It  fell 
last  century,  in  consequence  of  the  tower  being 
burned,  and  is  now  considerably  sunk  in  the 
earth.  Moscow  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop  :  his 
palace  is  in  the  Kremlin,  and  contains  the  regalia  of 
the  empire.  The  churches  and  chapels,  above  700 
before  the  fire,  are  now  less  numerous.  The  pop- 
ulation in  summer  does  not  much  exceed  200,000, 
but  in  winter  it  is  nearly  300,000,  from  the  num- 
ber of  traders  and  the  great  resort  of  the  Russia:u 
nobility.  The  manufactures  consist  cliiefly  of  cot- 
ton, silk,  linen,  paper,  leather,  and  sugar.  In  re- 
gard to  trade,  Moscow,  though  at  a  great  distance 
from  any  sea,  is  the  great  entrepot  for  the  interior 
of  the  empire.  Moscow  is  in  a  direct  line,  397  m. 
S.  E.  St  Petersburg,  1,042  E.  by  N.  Vienna. 
Lon.  37"  33'  E.  Lat.  55"  45'  45"  N. 

Moscow,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  28  m.  N.  Nor- 
ridgewock. 

Moscow,  p-v.  in  Leicester,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Moscow,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  Qhio  river,  22 
m.  S.  Williamsburg.     Pop.  in  1815,  100. 

Mose,  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Trent,  near 
Croxall. 

Mose,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  132°  2'  E. 
Lat.  6"  20' S. 

Moselle,  department  in  the  N.  E.  of  France, 
bounded  partly  by  the  Netherlands,  and  partly  by 
the  departments  of  the  Meurthe  and  the  Me  use. 
Flax,  liemp,  and  rapesced,  are  produced  in  con- 
siderable quantities.  The  mineral  productions 
are  iron  and  coal.  Extent,  2,600  square  miles. 
Pop.  3-10, OOOj^  of  whom  two-thirds  speak  German. 
Metz  is  the  capital. 

Moselle,  r.  which  rises  in  France,  in  Vosges,  and 
after  quitting  the  French  territory,  forms  for  a 
short  distance  the  boundary  between  Prussia  and 
the  Netherlands,traverses  the  Prussian  province  of 
the  Lower  Rhine,  and  falls  into  the  Rhine  at  Cob- 
lentz,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Moserada,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  N.  E,  Tre- 
viso. 

Moses,  P 01711,  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance 
into  Bonavista  bay,  5  m.  S.  W.  Cape  Bona- 
vista. 

Moskirch^  t.  Baden,  22  m.  N.  Constance,  56  S. 
Stutgard.     Pop.  1,200. 

Moskoe,  one  of  the  Loflfoden  isles,  on  the  coast  of 
Norway.  On  its  coast  is  the  well  known  whirlpool 
called  the  Malstrom. 

Mosquito  Keys,  small  isle,  in  the  Spanish  Main. 
Lon.  82"  25'  W.  Lat.  14°  25'  N. 

Mosquito  Keys,  islets  and  rocks  in  the  Spanish 
Main.     Lon.  82"  45'  W.  Lat.  1 2°  47  N. 

Mosquitos,  or  Mosquito  Bank,  small  islands  near 
the  coast  of  Honduras.  Lon.  82°  10'  W.  Lat.  14° 
30'  N. 

Mosquito  Shore,  a  tract  of  country  which  extends 
for  1,200  miles  along  part  of  the  northern  and  the 
eastern  shore  of  Honduras,  and  has  been  claimed 
by  the  British.  It  is  a  healthy  country,  and  re- 
markably fertile,  inhabited  by  the  Mosquito  In- 
dians who  are  an  indolent,  and  ignorant  race,  but 


484 


MOT 


strongly  attached  to  the  British.  The  king  is 
nominally  a  Christian,  and  has  received  an  educa- 
tion at  the  expense  of  the  British  government. 

Moss,  t.  Norvpay,  on  a  large  bay.  38  m.  S. 
Christiania,  17  N.  Frederickstadt.   "Pop.  3,000. 

Mossalsk,  or  Mosalsk,  t.  Russia,  56  m.  W.  Kalu- 
ga.    Pop.  1,300. 

Mossel  Bay,  bay  in  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope.     Lon.  22"  18'  E.  Lat.  34"  10'  S. 

Mossers,  p-v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Musstila,  or  Marsmila,  s-p.  Congo,  in  Africa. 
Lat.  8"  10'  S. 

Mostar,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bosnia,  60  m.  N.  by 
W.  Ragusa,  70  E.  Spalatro.  Lon.  16"  45'  E.  Lat. 
44'  N.     Pop,  9,000. 

Moston,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  E.  Man- 
chester. 

Mosty,  t.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  58  m.  W.  Novogro- 
dek.  I 

Mosul,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  the  pachalic  of  Bagdad, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tigris.  Its  principal  orna- 
ments are  a  college,  the  tomb  of  sheik  Abdul  Cas- 
sin,  and  the  remains  of  a  beautiful  mosque.  The 
coffee-houses,  baths,  khans,  and  bazars  are  also 
handsome  IxMldings.  The  city  has  a  stone  wall  and 
seven  gates,  but  is  in  a  declining  state ;  the  wall  is 
broken  down  in  many  places,  and  most  of  the  good 
buildings  are  crumbling  into  ruins.  The  inhabi- 
tants area  mixture  of  Turks,  Curds,  Jews,  Arme- 
nians, Nestorians,  and  Arabs.  Pop.  35,000.  To 
the  north,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  is  the 
village  of  Nunia,  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the 
an.-ient  JVme?;e/t.     Lat.  36°  21' N. 

Moszyn,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  9  m.  S.  by  W.  Po- 
sen. 

Motala,  r.  Sweden,  which  flows  out  of  Lake 
Wetter,  and  jouis  the  Baltic  at  Nortkioping. 

Moiupu,  commonly  called  Mmiopotapa,  called 
also  Benomotapa  and  Mocaranga,  a  country  of  E. 
Africa,  including  all  the  country  in  the  interior 
from  Mosambique,  and  extending  southward  al- 
most to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  This  territory, 
however,  is  divided  into  a  great  number  of  inde- 
pendent states,  among  wh'ch  that  of  the  Quiteve, 
or  Sovereign  of  Motapa,  ranks  only  as  the  most 
powerful.     \ery  little  is  known  about  it. 

jyiotatan,  r.  Caraccas,  which  enters  into  the  E. 
side  of  Lake  iMaracaibo,  in  lat.  9"  45'  N. 

Mothe,  La,  or  La  Motie,  t.  France,  in  Vosges, 
3  m.  S.  W.  Bonrmont. 

Monthe-Montret^al,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  on 
the  river  Dordogne,  22  m.  W.  Bergerac.  Pop. 
2,0<>0. 

Mothe  St.  Heraye,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  18 
m.  E.  Niort,  26  S.  W.  Poitiers.     Pop.  2,600. 

Mothone.     See  Modon. 

Motiers,  v.  Switzerland,  in  Neufchatel,  16  m.  S. 
W.  Neufchatel. 

Molir,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  24  m.  S. 
Ternate.     Lon.  127"  19'  E.  Lat.  0"  26'  N. 

Motrico,  s-p.  Spain,  on  the  bay  of  Biscay,  18  m. 
W.  St.  Sebastian. 

Motril,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  with  a  harbour  on 
the  Mediterranean,  4  m.  E.  Malaga.      Poo.  4,500. 

Motta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  23  m.  E.  N.  E.  Treviso, 

Motta,  t.  Austrian  Itr<iy,  3  m.  S.  Lodi. 

Motte,  hit,  isl.  Vt.  in  Lake  Chumplain,  2  m.  W. 
North  Hero.     It  is  8  mil*^  long  and  2  broad. 

Motte  Canillac,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  on 
the  Allier,  3  m.  N.  E  Bribude.     Pop.  2,(KX>. 

Motte-Ckalencon,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  20  m.  S. 
Die.     Pop.  1,200. 


M  O  U 

Mottegano,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Livenza  at  Motta. 

Motte  Landeron,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  6  m. 
S.  E.  La  ReoUe,  32  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Motter,  r.  Fiance,  which  falls  into  the  Rhine  at 
Druzenheim.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  as  far  as 
Bischweiler. 

Mottes  J^oires,  promontory  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
France,  18  m.  from  Calais. 

Mottlau,  r.  West  Prussia,  which  flows  through 
the  town  of  Dantzic,  and  falls  into  the  Rodaune. 

Mottling,  t.  Austrian  States,  13  m.  S.  E.  Neu- 
stadtl. 

Mottola,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Otranto.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  15  m.  N.  VV.  Taranto,  60  W.  N. 
W.  Lecce. 

Mouchamps,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  24  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Fontenay  le  Comte.     Pop,  1,750. 

Moudon,  or  Mildcn,  t.Switzerland,inthe  canton 
ofVaud,  13  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lausanne. 

Mouilleron,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  17  m.  N. 
Fontenay.     Pop.  1,200. 

Moujghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  72°  20  E. 
Lat.  28"  57' N. 

Mou!,  The,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Shetland.     Lon.  1"  10'  W.  Lat.  60"  24'  N. 

Moulins,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Allier,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Allier.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware, in  particular  of  scissars.  100  m.  N.  W.  Ly- 
ons, 225  S.  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  3"  20'  E.  Lat.  46"  34' 
N.     Pop.  14,000. 

Moulins  en  Gilbert,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  7  m. 
S.  W.  Chateau  Chinon,  27  E.  Nevers.  Pop. 
2,600. 

Moulins,  La  Marche,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  9  m, 
S.  W.  L' Aigle,  18  N.  E.  Alencon.     Pop.  900. 

Moulonge  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Indian 
sea,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  10"  45'  S, 

Moultonborough,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
N.  side  of  lake  Winnipiseogee,  36  N.  Concord. 
Pop.  994. 

Moungwah,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Ava,  near  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Irrawuddy,  Lon.  94°  20'  E.  Lat. 
20"  28'  N. 

Mountain,  t.  Dundas  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Mount  Airy,  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Mountain  Island,  p-v.  Scott  co.  Ken. 

Mountain  shoals,  p-v.  Laurens  co.  S.  C. 

Mount  Bethel,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

Mount  Bethel,  Loicer,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
Pop. 1,392. 

Mount  Bethel,  Upper,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,352.     • 

Mount  Carmel,  t.  Edwards  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Wabash,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White  river,  24 
m.  below  Vincennes. 

Mount  Clemens,  t.  and  cap.  Macomb  co.  Michi- 
gan Territory,  on  the  river  Huron  of  St.  Clair,  4 
m.  from  its  mouth,  25  N.  Detroit. 

Mount  of  Cocos,  isl,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  177" 
E.  Lat.  16 '  S. 

Mount  Desert,  isl.  and  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
40  m.  E.  Castine.  Pop.  1,047.  The  island  is  15 
miles  long,  and  12  broad.     Lat.  44"  12'  N. 

Mount  Dilli/,  hill  on  the  Malabar  coast  of  Hin- 
doslan.     Lon.' 75°  20'  E.  Lat.  12"  1'  N. 

Mount  Felix,  cape,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Afri- 
ca, at  the  entrance  of  the  Arabian  gulf,  40  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Cape  Guardafui. 

Mount  Holly,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  20  m.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  992. 


M  O  U 


MOW 


485 


Mount  Holly,  p-t.  and  cap.  Burlington  ce.  N.J. 
on  Ancocus  creek,  12  m.  S.  E.  Burlington,  23  E. 
N.  E.  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  market-house,  a  bank,  and  2  churches. 

Mount  hope,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Mount  hope,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Mount  hope  bay,  the  N.  E.  arm  of  Narraganset 
bay,  R.  I.  It  sets  up  between  Tiverton  and  Bris- 
tol into  Massachusetts,  and  receives  Taunton 
river. 

Mount  hope,  hill,  R.  I.  on  the  W.  shore  of  Mount 
hope  bay,  famous  as  the  former  residence  of  the 
Indian  king  Philip. 

Mount  Horeb,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

Mount  Joy,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  636. 

Mount  Joy,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,551. 

Mount  Mourne,  p-v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 

Mount  Murray,  seigniory,  Northumberland  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
72  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Mount  Pilot,  p-v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

Mount  Pisgah,  p-v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 

Mountpleasant,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Hudson,  14  m.  S.  W.  Bedford,  33  above  New 
York.  Pop.  3,119.  Here  is  an  academy.  In  this 
town  is  the  village  of  Sing-sing. 

Mountpleasant,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Mountpleasant,  p-t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  10  m. 
N.  W.  Washington.     Pop.  1,780. 

Mountpleasant,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  522. 

Mountpleasant,  v.  Md.  in  Caroline  and  Queen 
Anne  counties,  11  m.  E.  Churchill. 

Mountpleasant,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Mountpleasant,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  Pop.  in 
1816,  about  500.  It  contains  a  church  for  Qua- 
kers. 

Mountpleasant,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  S. 
W.  Steubenville,  10  N.  E.  St.  Clairsville.  Pop.  in 
1815, 750.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 
bank,  a  printing-office,  and  3  churches.  In  the 
vicinity  there  are  several  flouring  mills  and  saw 
mills,  a  paper  mill,  a  cloth  factory,  and  2  fulling 
mills. 

Mountpleasant,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  fr. 
Cincinnati,  12  fr.  Hamilton. 

Mountprospect,  p-v.  Edgecorab  co.  N.  C. 

Mount  Richardson,  p-v.  Jackson  co.  Ten. 

Mount  St.  Bernard.     See  St.  Bernard. 

Mountx  Bay,  an  extensive  bay  in  the  English 
channel,  near  Penzance,  Cornwall. 

Mount  Sorrell,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicester,  7  m.  N. 
Leicester,  102  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  9'  W. 
Lat52''8'N. 

Mount  Sterling,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Ken. 

Mount  Tabor,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  26  m.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Tirsah,  p-v.  Person  co.  N.  G. 

Mount  Tom,  mt.  Mass.  on  the  W.  side  of  Con- 
necticut river,  near  Northampton. 

Mount  Upton,  p-v.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  18 
m.  N.  W.  Augusta. 

Mount  Vernon,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  23  m. 
S.  Concord.     Pop.  762. 

Mount  Vernon,  the  seat  of  the  late  George 
Waskington,  the  first  President  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Potomac,  in  Fairfax  co.  Va.  where  the  river 
is  nearly  two  miles  wide ;  9  m.  below  Alexandria. 
The  raoimt  is  elevated  200  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  river,  and  afforMs  a  beautiful  site  for  the  man- 
sion house  and  gardens. 


Mount  Vernon,  p-t.  Boone  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio, 
24  m.  fr.  Cincinnati. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

Mountiille,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Mount  Vintage,  p-v.  Edgefield  district,  S.  C. 

Mount  Washington,  the  highest  of  the  White 
mountains,  N.  H.  According  to  the  measure- 
ment of  Capt.  Partridge,  it  is  6,634  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Washington,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Lenox.     Pop.  474. 

Mount  Zion,  Geo.     See  Sparta. 

Mount  Zion,  p-v.  Union  co.  Ken. 

Mountain  del  Buchon,  promontory,  on  the  coast 
of  New  California,  which  forms  the  S.  point  of 
the  bay  of  Los  Esteros.  Lon.  230°  28'  E.  Lat.  35" 
21' N. 

Moura,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo.  37  ra.  S.  S.  E. 
Evora,  98  E.  S.  E.  Lisbon.  Lon. '7°  21'  W.  Lat. 
38°  7'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mourao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Moura,  96  m.  E.  by  S.  Lisbon,  32  E.  Evora.  Lon. 
T  8'  W.  Lat.  38°  20'  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Mouree,  t.  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  5  m.  N.  E, 
Cape  Coast  Castle. 

Mouron,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  3  m. 
W.  Coulomiers.    Pop.  1,400. 

Moursouk,  city,  Africa,  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of 
Fezzan.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest  seats  of  the  in- 
land commerce  of  this  continent,  and  the  rendez- 
vous of  most  of  the  intercourse  which  takes  place 
between  its  northern  and  central  regions.  All 
this  trade  is  carried  on  by  caravans,  the  frequent 
arrival  of  which  between  October  and  February, 
render  Mourzouk  then  a  scene  of  perpetual  bus- 
tle. It  keeps  up  the  communication  of  Egypt  and 
Tripoli  on  the  one  Iiand,  with  the  great  southern 
empires  of  Bornou  and  Cassina  on  the  other.  The 
number  of  slaves  brought  to  Mourzouk  from  the 
interior  of  Africa  in  1819,  was  5,000.  It  is  the 
state  of  society  growing  out  of  the  slave  trade, 
which  makes  travelling  in  Africa  so  dangerous. 
Lon.  15°  35'  E.  Lat.  27°  28'  N. 

Moush,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  84  m.  S.  S.  E.  Erzerum. 

Mousum,  r.  Maine,  which  flows  into  Wells  bay, 
between  the  towns  of  Wells  and  Arundel. 

Moutahora,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand.     Lon.  193"  7' W.  Lat.  37°  59' N. 

Mouthe,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  13  m.  S.  W.  Pon- 
tarlier.     Pop.  1,000. 

Moutiers,  or  Moustiers,  t.  France,  in  Lower 
Alps,  15  m.  S.  Digne.     Pop.  1,900. 

Moutiers  en  Tarantaise,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in 
Savoy,  on  the  Isere.  Near  the  town  there  is  a 
considerable  salt  work.  Pop.  1,900.  18  m.  N.  N. 
E.  St.  Jean  de  Maurienne,  28  S.  E.  Chamberry. 

Mouy,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  15  m.  S.  E.  Beauvais. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Mouzon,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Maese, 
14  m.  N.  W.  Montmedy.     Pop.  2,200. 

Mow,  t  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  83°  37' E. 
Lat.  25°  57' N. 

Mowah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  51'  E.  Lat. 
26"  33'  N. 

Mowah,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Ava,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon.  95°  25'  E. 
Lat.  21"  50'  N. 

Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands,  about  140 
miles  in  circumference,  containing  600  sq.  miles. 
30  m.  N.  W.  Owhyhee,  Lon.  203"  40'  E.  Lat.  20« 
48'  N.    See  Sandwich  Islands. 


486 


M  U  C 


Moxahala,  creek,  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Muskingum,  3  m.  below  Zanesville. 

Moxos,  an  extensive  province  and  country  of 
Buenos  Ay  res,  bounded  by  the  Portuguese  gov- 
ernment of  Matto  Grosso  on  the  E.  Cuzco  and  the 
Peruvian  provinces  on  the  W.  and  Chiquitos  and 
Santa  Cruz  on  the  S.  It  is  chiefly  inhabited  by 
warlike  and  wandering  tribes  of  Indians,  who  for- 
bid access  to  its  interior.  The  climate  is  moist 
and  unhealthy,  owing  to  the  inundations  of  the 
rivers  and  lakes  with  wliich  the  country  is  cov- 
ered, and  epidemic  fevers  are  frequent,  which 
sometimes  destroy  whole  settlements. 

Moy,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  m.  S.  E.  St.  Quentin, 
Pop.  1,000. 

M(rya,  t.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  42  m.  E.  Cuenca. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Moyaux,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  6  m.  N.  E.  Li- 
sieux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Moyenneville,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  5  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Abbeville,  25  N.  E.  Amiens.     Pop.  1,000. 

Moyenvic,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Nancy.     Pop.  1,400. 

Moyeuvre,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Metz. 

Moyobambo,  or  Santiago  de  los  Valles,  t.  Peru, 
310  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lima.     Lon.  75"  51'  W.  Lat.  7"  S, 

Moyowla,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Lough 
Neagh. 

Mozambique.     See  Mosambiquc. 

Mosdok,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  8  m.  E.  of  Eka- 
terinograd.     Pop.  3,000. 

Mozgurrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Mooltaii.  Lon.  71°  51' 
E.  Lat  29°  48'  N. 

Mozingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Reut- 
lingen.     Pop.  900. 

Mozyr,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  150  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Minsk. 

Mrotzen,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  17  m.  W.  by  N. 
Bromberg.     Pop.  900. 

Mrsyglod,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Galicia,  6  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Sanok. 

Mscheno,t.  Bohemia,  11  m.  W.  Jung  Bunzlau. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Msta,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  which  runs 
into  the  lake  Ilmen,  near  Lipinskoi. 

Mslislavl,  t.  Russia,  60  m.  N.  E.  Mohilev.  Lon. 
31"  E.  Lat.  53"  54'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mszczonowj  t.  Poland,  23  m.  S.  W.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Mtzensky  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orel,  32  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Orel.     Pop.  5,600. 

Miichawica,  r.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  which  falls 
into  the  Bog  at  Brzesc. 

Mu£hundgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  34' 
E.  Lat.  23°  57' N. 

Mucidan,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  18  m.  S.  S. 
W..  Perigueux.     Pop,  1,200. 

Mucillac,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan.     Pop.  1,800. 

Muck,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland, 
in  the  North  Channel.  Lon.  5°  36'  W.  Lat.  54° 
31'  N. 

Mmkealah,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  72"  43'  E. 
Lat.  32°  33' N. 

Muckcnsturm,  t.  Baden,  2  m.  N.  E.  Rastadt.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Muckondabad.  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  81° 
24'  E.  Lat.  24°  15'  N. 

Muckris,  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast 
si  Donegal,  6  m.  VV.  S.  W.  Killybegs. 

Muekud,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  Indus.  '  Lon. 
■70°51'E.  Lat  32°  22' N. 


M  U  H 

Micckundra,  t.  Hind,  in  Mulwah.  Lon.  76°  12' 
E.  Lat.  24°  48'  N. 

Muchcany,  district.  Hind,  between  26"  and  27° 
N.  lat.  and  bounded  S.  by  Bahar. 

Mud  creek,  r.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  which  joina  Ca- 
nandaigua  creek  in  Phelps. 

Mnda,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m.  N.  Feltre. 

Mudania.    See  Modania. 

Muddie,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon-  69°  22'  E. 
Lat.  22°  5'  N. 

Muddy  river,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi.     It  is  navigable  40  miles. 

Mud  Island,  small  isl.  Pa.  in  Delaware  river,  7 
m.  below  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  well  for- 
tified. 

Muddy  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  ir40'S. 

Mudge,  Point,  cape  on  an  island  in  the  gulf  of 
Georgia,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon. 
235°  9' E.  Lat.  50°  N. 

Muela,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  12  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Saragossa. 

Muganayana,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lou.  76°  58' 
E.  Lat.  13°  8' N. 

Mugeln,  t.  Saxony,  25  m.  E.  Leipsic.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Mugeres,  or  Mohair  Key,  or  Man  Eafer''s  Island, 
small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coast  of 
Yucatan.  Lon.  87°  35'  W.  Lat.  21°  10' N. 

Muggia,  or  Muglia,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria, 
on  the  Adriatic,  2  m.  N.  Capo  d' Istria.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Mugia,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  N.  E.  of  Cape 
Finisterre,  and  56  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ferrol.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Mugley,  pass,  Hind,  in  the  mountains  which  di- 
vide Mysore  from  the  Carnatic,  95  m.  from  Ma- 
dras. Lon.  79°  5'  E.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 

Muglitz,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Elbe 
below  Pirna. 

Muglitz,  or  Mohelnilz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 19  m.  N.  N.  W.  Olmutz.  Lon.  6°  46'  E.  Lat. 
49°  49'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Mugnano,  t.  Italy,  near  Naples,  in  Terra  di  La- 
voro.     Pop.  4,000. 

Mugron,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  6  nx.  S.  Tartas. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Muhl,  Kreis,  or  Viertel,  i.  e.  Circle  or  Quarter 
of  the  Muhl,  one  of  the  divisions  of  Lower  Austria, 
comprising  all  that  part  which  lies  between  the 
Danube  and  Bohemia.  Extent,  1,670  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  160,000. 

Muhl,  r.  Austria,  which  rises  on  the  confines  of 
Bohemia,  flows  S.  and  falls  into  the  Danube. 

Muhlberg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  12  m.  S.  W.  Er- 
furt. 

Muhlberg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  34 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Dresden.     Pop.  1,600. 

Muhlburg,  t.  Baden,  6  m.  W.  Durlach.  Pop. 
800. 

Muhldorf,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  46  m.  W. 
Vienna. 

Muhldorf,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Inn,  41  m.  E.  by 
N.Munich.     Pop.  1,300. 

Muhlenbach,  or  Szasz-Sebes,  t.  Transylvania,  on 
the  Muhlbach,  48  m.  W.  Hermannstadt.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Muhlenbach.,  v.  Baden,  2  m.  S,  S.  E.  HassIacU, 
llE.  S.E.  Lahr.     Pop.  800. 

Muhlenburg  co-KentncVy.  Pop. 4,181.  Slaves, 
480.     Chief  town,  Greenville. 

Mvhlhausen,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  the  g^overa- 


M  U  L 


M  U  N 


487 


ment  of  Erfurt,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Unstrutt 
and  Schwemotte.  It  is  surrounded  by  high  walls, 
Ilanked  with  towers.  It  has  breweries,  distille- 
ries, and  several  manufactures,  particularly  the 
weaving  of  cloth,  both  linen  and  woollen,  and  the 
spinning  of  yarn.  29  m.  N.  W.  Erfurt,  43  E.  S. 
E.Cassel.  Lon.  10°28'E.  Lat.Sl"  12'59"N.  Pop. 
9,400. 

Muhlhausen,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Konigsberg,  13 
m.  E.  by  N.  Elbing.     Pop.  1,600. 

Muhlhausen,  or  Mitirzko,  t.  Bohemia,  AQ  m.  S, 
Prague.     Pop.  900. 

MiMhuusen.     See  Mulhausen. 

Muhltrop,  t.  Saxony,  in  Vogtland,  10  m.  \\.  by 
N.  Plauen.     Pop.  1,200. 

Maiden,  or  Muyden,  t.  Holland,  on  the  Zuyder 
Zee,  7  m.  E.  by  S.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  5"  4'  15"  E, 
Lat.  52°  19'  48"  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Muirkirk,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  30  m.  S. 
Glasgow.     Pop.  1,000. 

Mujaxar,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  near  the  Medi- 
terranean, 39  m.  N.  E,  Almeria,  97  E.  Granada. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Muju,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  Amazons  in 
the  bay  of  Para,  in  lat.  F  33'  S. 

Mulatas,  small  islands  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  isthmus  of  Darien.  Lon.  78"  5'  to  78°  30'  W. 
Lat.  9"  20'  to  9"  35'  N. 

Mulatre,  Pointy  cape,  Dominica,  on  the  east 
coast.    Lou.  61"  17'  W.  Lat.  15"  25'  N. 

Mulazzano,  t.  Piedmont,  18  m.  S.  by  E.  Alba. 
Pop.  2,250. 

Mulberry,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  river  Arkansaw,  bordering  on  the  country 
of  the  Osage  Indians. 

Mvlda,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  among  the  Su- 
detic  mountains,  and  joins  the  Elbe  between  Des- 
sau and  Zerbst. 

Muldau.     See  Moldau. 

Mulgrave,  Point,  point  on  the  N.  W.  shore  of 
America.  Lon.  194"  51' E.  Lat.  67°  45'  N. 

Mulhausen,  or  Muhlhausen,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Rhine,  near  the  river  111.  The  manufactures  are 
very  considerable,  comprising  printed  cottons  to  a 
large  exent ;  also  woollen  and  linen.  22  m.  N.  W. 
Bale,  28  S.  Colmar.     Pop.  9,500. 

Mulheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Cleves-and-Berg, 
on  the  Roer,  which  here  becomes  navigable.  15 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3,100. 

Mulheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Stronderbach  into  the  Rhine.  3  m.  N.  of  Cologne. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Mulheim,  or  Mullheim,  t.  Baden,  3  m.  W.  Ba- 
denweiler.  Pop.  1,700. 

Mull,  anciently  called  Dreolin,  isl.  of  the  He- 
brides, 35  miles  long,  and  containing  420  square 
miles.  The  island  is  for  the  most  part  rugged  and 
mountainous.  Grain  is  not  cultivated  to  an  extent 
sufl^cient  for  the  supply  of  the  inhabitants,  but  the 
land  is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  The  total  stock 
of  sheep  is  calculated  at  15,000.  Lon.  6"  W.  Lat. 
56°  30'  N.     Pop.  in  1810,  9,303. 

Mull,  Sound  of,  arm  of  the  sea,  lying  between 
the  island  of  Mull  and  the  mainland  of  Argyll  and 
Inverness-shires. 

Mult  of  Galloway.     See  Galloway. 

Mullahpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  Gogra. 
Lon.  81"  16'  E.  Lat.  27°  40'  N. 

Mullen'' s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  55'  W.  Lat. 
28"  1'  N. 

Mullet,  peninsula,  Ireland,  in  the  county  of 
Mayo,  about  9  miles  long,  and  2  wide. 


Muiiico  kill,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

Mullicus,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into  Little  Egg 
harbor,  4  m.  E.  of  Leeds.  It  is  navigable  20  miles 
for  vessels  of  60  tons. 

Mullingar,  t.  Ireland,  in  West  Meath,  39  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  7°  18'  W.  Lat.  53" 
31' N. 

Mullrose,  Canal  of,  canal,  Prussia,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Brandenburg,  which  begins  at  Newbruck, 
on  the  Spree,  and  terminates  at  the  lake  of  BriesoQ 
on  the  Oder.  It  is  about  14  miles  long,  has  ten 
sluices,  and  forms  part  of  tlie  great  chain  of  inland 
communication  which  extends  from  Warsaw  to 
Hamburgh. 

Mullrose,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  9 
m.  S.  S.  E,  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1,200. 

Mullungur,  district.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad,  be- 
tween 18°  and  19°  E.  lon. 

Mulluvia,  r.  Africa,  which  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  territory  of  Algiers  and  that  of  Mo- 
rocco, and  after  a  course  from  S.  to  N.  of  about 
200  miles,  falls  into  the  Mediterranean,  in  lon.  21° 
6'  W.  lat.  34°  55'  N. 

Multnomah,  or  Wallaumut,  large  r.  N.  Ameri- 
ca, which  falls  into  the  Columbia  from  the  S.  about 
100  miles  before  the  latter  enters  the  Pacific  ocean. 
The  Multnomah  is  500  yards  wide  near  its  mouth, 
and  very  deep.  Its  course,  however,  is  but  imper- 
fectly known,  and  is  laid  down  in  Lewis  and 
Clarke's  map,  from  a  sketch  drawn  by  an  Indian 
with  his  finger,  in  the  dust. 

Mulwagul,  fort,  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  78°  25' 
E.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 

Muncey,  p-t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,426. 

Muncey  creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  23  m.  above  Northumber- 
land. 

Munchberg,  t.  Bavaria,  11  m.  S.  S.  W.  Hof,  20 
N.  N.  E.  Bayreuth.     Pop.  1,700. 

Muncheberg,  or  Monickberg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denberg,  33  m.  E.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,500. 

Munchen-gratz,  or  Hradifstie,  or  Greditz,  i. 
Bohemia,  on  the  Iser,  38  m.  N.  E.  Prague.  Pop 
1,500. 

Munchenstein,  v.  Switz.  4  m.  S.  Bale. 

Mundalafal,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandesh.  Lon.  76"  17' 
E.  Lat.  22°  25' N. 

Munden,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Hanover,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Werra  and  the  Fulda,  whose  united 
streams  take  here  the  name  of  Weser.  It  has, 
from  its  position,  a  brisk  carrjung  trade,  partly  by 
land,  more  by  water.  9  m.  N.  E.  Cassel,  15  W.  S. 
W.  Gottingen.     Pop.  4,500. 

Munder,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Hameln,  18  m.  E. 
S.E.  Munden.     Pop.  1,500. 

Munderar,  district,  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul,  about 
35°  N.  lat. 

Munderkingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  20  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Ulm.     Pop.  1,600. 

Mundessor,  district.  Hind,  in  Mulwah,  between 
24°  and  25"  N.  lat. 

Mundfordville,  p-t.  Harden  co.  Ken.  on  Green 
river,  30  m.  below  Greensburg,  30  from  Litch- 
field. 

Mundlah,  t.  Hind,  ih  Gundwaneh,  on  the  Nar- 
budda  river.  Lou.  81"  10'  E.  Lat.  22°  44'  N. 

Munduim,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77"  4'  E. 
Lat.  12°  31'  N. 

Muneville  la  Bingard,  t.  France,  in  La  Manchc, 
5  m.  N.  by  W.  Coutanccs.    Pop.  1,600. 

Mungolsheim,  t.  Baden,  10  m.  N.  by  E.  Bruch 
sal,  15  S.  S.E.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1,200. 


488 


M  U  N 


Mungulhaut,  t.  Bengal.  It  carries  on  a  consid- 
erable trade  of  cotton  goods,  &c.  with  Bootan.  Lon. 
89"20'E.  Lat.  25"59'N. 

Mungulore,  t.  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon.  71° 
15'  E.  Lat.  34°  13'  N. 

MungulwarOyt.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  16  m.  S.  E. 
Panderpore. 

Munich,  city  and  capital  of  Bavaria,  is  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Iser,  The  streets  are  in  general  broad 
and  straight,  the  houses  are  high,  and  of  good  ap- 
pearance. Among  the  numerous  public  buildings, 
the  palace  holds  the  first  rank  :  it  is  a  large  edi- 
fice, plain  on  the  outside,  but  in  its  interior,  mag- 
nificent. The  total  number  of  churches  is  2!2. 
Among  the  other  public  buildings,  are  the  palace 
of  duke  Maximilian,  the  barracks,  the  large  hos- 
pital, the  workhouse,  and  the  new  mint.  The 
charitable  institutions  are  numerous  and  liberal ; 
they  were  rendered  effectual  for  the  abolition  of 
mendicity,  by  the  exertions  of  count  Rumford, 
whose  establishment  for  preparing  and  distributing 
economical  soup  still  remains.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
higher  courts  of  justice,  and  of  the  government  of- 
fices ;  also  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  Bavarian 
parliament.  It  is  to  these  establishments  that  the 
inhabitants  chiefly  owe  tiieir  support;  for, the 
trade  and  manufactures  are  very  limited.  Pop. 
including  the  suburbs,  60,024.  220  m.  W.  Vien- 
na, 1 16  E.  S.  E.  Stutgard.  Lon.  1 1°  35'  E.  Lat.  48° 
8'N. 

Munkacs,  t.  in  the  N.  E.  of  Hungary.  It  has 
stocking  manufactures,  iron  works,  and  one  of  the 
largest  saltpetre  works  in  tlie  Austrian  dominions. 
67  m.  E.  by  S.  Caschau,  162  E.  S.  E.  Cracow. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Mumurstadt,  t.  Germany,  37  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wurz- 
burg.     Pop.  1,400. 

jHunnipore,  t.  Birman  empire,  capital  of  Cassay. 
Lon.  94°  30'  E.  Lat.  24°  20'  N. 

Munsingen,  t  Wirtemberg,  26  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stut- 
.  gard,  20  W.  Ulm.     Pop.  1,300, 
Munroe.    See  Monroe. 
Munson.    See  Monson. 

Munster,  a  government  of  the  Prussian  states, 
containing  the  JV.  W.  portion  of  the  province  of 
Westphalia.  Area,  2,820  sq.  miles.  Pop.  316,000. 
It  is  divided  into  the  following  ten  circles  or  dis- 
tricts :  Munster,  Tecklenburg,  Wahrendorf,  Bec- 
kum,  Ludinghausen,  Koesfeld,  Recklinghausen, 
Borken,  Ahaus,  and  Steinfurt.  This  government 
has  been  made  out  of  the  former  bishopric  of 
Munster  and  several  other  territories. 

Munster,  city  of  the  N.  W.  of  Germany,  in  the 
Prussian  province  of  Westphalia,  formerly  cap.  of 
a  bishopric,  now  of  the  government  of  Munster,  is 
on  both  sides  of  the  Aa,  about  6  miles  from  the 
Ems.  It  was  surrounded  with  a  double  mound 
and  a  moat,  until  1765,  when  the  water  was 
drained  off  the  moat,  and  the  mounds  laid  out  in 
public  walks  and  gardens.  The  citadel  was  also 
demolished.  In  1648,  a  treaty  of  general  peace 
was  concluded  here,  which  is  sometimes  called  the 
treaty  of  Munster  and  sometimes  the  treaty  of 
Westphalia.  60  m.  N.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf,  92  W. 
S.  W.  Hanover.  Lon.  7°  36'  E.  Lat.  51°  58'  N. 
Pop.  13,900. 

Munster,  t.  France,  in  Upper-Rhine,  6  m.  W. 
Colmar.     Pop.  2,500. 

Munster,  t.  Switz.  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Lucerne. 
Munster,  t.  Switz.  in  Valais,  40  m.  S.  Lucerne. 
Munster,  the  S.  W.  province  of  Ireland ;  bound- 
ed N.  by  Connaught,  E.  by  Leinster,  S.  and  W. 
by  the  sea.     It  comprises  six  counties,  viz.  Clare, 


M  U  R 

Kerry,  Limerick,  Cork,  Tipperary,  and  Water- 
ford. 

Munster  p-v.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 

Munsterberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  36  m.  S.  W, 
Breslau.     Pop.  2,600. 

Munster  Eiffel,  t.  Prussian  states,  24  m.  S.  E, 
Juliers,  34  N.  W.  Coblentz.     Pop.  1,400. 

Muntendam,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Groningen,  8 
m.  W.  Winschoten.     Pop.  1,100. 

Munzesheim,  t.  Baden,  5  m.  E.  Bruschal.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Muonio,  r.  Lapland,  which  joins  the  Tornea. 
By  the  treaty  of  1809,  it  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Russian  and  Swedish  Lapland. 

Muonioniska,  Oevre  and  JVedre,  2  villages  of 
Russian  Lapland,  150  m.  N.  Tornea.    Lat.  68°  N. 

Mur,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  9  m.  W, 
Loudeac.     Pop.  2,100. 

Murach,  t.  Bavaria,  7  m.  E.  Nabburg.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Murano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  an  island  in  the 
Lagunes,  a  little  E.  of  Venice.  It  is  the  place 
where  the  celebrated  Venetian  glasses  and  mir- 
rors are  made.     Pop.  4,300. 

Murano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria,  11  m.  S.  W. 
Cassano. 

Muraon.     See  Mourao. 

Murat,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  15  m.  N.  W.  St, 
Flour.     Pop.  2,600. 

Murat,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  9  m.  E.  La  Caune, 
Pop,  3,100. 

Murau,  t.  Austrian  states,  28  m.  W.  by  S.  Ju- 
denburg,  63  W.  Gratz.     Pop.  900. 

Murazzano,  t.  Piedmont,  25  m.  N.  W.  Savona 
Pop  2,300. 

Murcia,  province,  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
between  Valencia  on  the  E.  and  Andalusia  on  the 
W.  Area,  8,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  384,000.  Its 
aspect  is  in  general  mountainous;  its  climate  is 
very  fine.  The  soil  is  in  general  fertile,  producing 
wheat,  barley,  hemp,  rice,  vines,  olives,  mulber- 
ries, saffron ;  also  citrons,  pomegranates,  and  al- 
monds. 

Murcia,  t.  S.  E.  Spain,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
province,  on  the  Segura,  in  the  midst  of  a  lai^e 
and  beautiful  valley.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
whose  revenue  is  said  to  exceed  2O,0OOZ.  sterling 
a  year.  The  cathedral  is  magnificent.  Here  is  a 
refinery  of  saltpetre,  and  near  the  town,  several 
powder  mills,  worked  for  account  of  government. 
The  establishment  for  twisting  silk  is  extensive. 
106  m.  S.  S.  W.  Valencia,  140  E.  by  N.  Jaen. 
Lon.  1°5'W.    Lat.  37°  58' N.     Pop.  35,000. 

Murderer'' s  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  New 
Zealand,  between  Cape  Farewell  and  Rocky 
Point.     Lat.  40°  49'  S. 

Mure,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  18  m.  S.  Grenoble. 
Pop.  2,100. 

Mureck,  t.  Austrian  states.  S.  S.  E.  Gratz.  Pop, 
900. 

Muret,  t.  France,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Rheze 
and  Garonne,  9  m.  S.  Toulouse.     Pop.  3,200. 

Murfreesborough,  p-t.  Hertford  co.  N.  C.  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  Meherrin  river,  50  m.  N.W. 
Edenton.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade.  The 
public  buildings  are  an  academy  and  a  Methodist 
church,  both  of  brick. 

Murfreesborough,  p-t.  Rutherford  co.  Tennessee, 
and  capital  of  the  state,  32  m.  S.  E.  Nashville,  160 
W.  Knoxville.  Lat.  35°  52'  N.  Lon.  86°  35'  W. 
The  surrounding  country  is  level  and  very  fertile, 
jjbounding  with  wheat,  cotton  and  tobacco.  The 
town  was  made  the  seat  of  government  in  1817, 


M  U  S 


M  U  T 


489 


and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  bank, 
meeting-house,  and  about  two  hundred  houses; 
and,  in  1818,  more  than  1,000  inhabitants. 

Murg,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  near  Oppenau, 
and,  after  a  course  of  near  100  miles,  falls  into  the 
Rhine  near  Rastadt. 

Murg,  one  of  the  ten  circles  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  on  the  river  Murg. 

Murg^  V.  Baden,  near  the  Rhine,  3  m.  W.  Klein 
Laufenburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Murialto,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Bormida,  15  m. 
S,  E.  Mondovi. 

Muricham,  t.  Hind,  in  Bootan.  Lon.  89"  28'  E. 
Lat.  27°  6'  N. 

Murkutchoe,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85"*  45'  E. 
Lat.  24"  23' N. 

Murnau,  t.  Bavaria,  10  m.  S.  Weilheim,  and  14 
E.  Schongau.    Pop.  1,100. 

Muro,  t.  Italy,  70  m.  E.  Naples.  Pop.  1,500.  It 
ff  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Muro,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Otranto,  6  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Alessano.     Pop.  1,500. 

Murom,  t.  Russia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mu- 
romka  and  the  Oka,  62  m.  E.  S.  E.  Vladimir.  Lon. 
42"  16'  E.    Lat.  55"  7'  N,     Pop.  6,500. 

Muros,  t,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  31m.  W.  Compos- 
tella.     Pop.  2,400. 

Murowana  Gosiina,  t.  Prussian  state?,  12  m.  N, 
Posen.     Pop.  IjtMX). 

Murr,  r.  Wirtemberg,  which  falls  into  the  Nec- 
kar,  near  Marbach. 

Murr  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.     Lon.  59"  8' W.    Lat.  50°  32' N. 

Murray,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
the  bay  of  Quinti,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Trent. 

Murray,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio, 18  m.  N.  E.  Batavia.     Pop.  1,166. 

Murray  bay,  or  Malbay,  seigniory,  Northumber- 
land CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  tlie  St. 
Lawrence,  66  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Murray  Harbour,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Lon.  62"  20'  W.    Lat.  46"  N. 

Murray'' s  ferry,  p-v.  Williamsburg  co.  S  C. 

Murray'' s  Islands,  three  islands  in  Torres  straits, 
between  the  coast  of  New  Guinea  and  New  Hol- 
land. The  largest  is  nearly  two  miles  long.  ]jon. 
of  the  largest,  144"  2'  E.    Lat.  9"  54'  S. 

Murray'' s  mills,  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Murraysirille,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  12  m.  from 
Greensburg,  17  E.  Pittsburg. 

Murraysiille,  p-v.  Buncombe  co.  N.  C. 

Murrhard,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Murr,  22  m. 
N.  E.  Stutgard.     Pop.  1,900. 

Murten,  in  French  Moral,  t.  Switz.  12  m.  W. 
Berne.     Pop.  1,500. 

Murton,  v.  Eng.  jn  Westmoreland,  3  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Appleby. 

Murviedro,  or  Morviedro,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
13  m.  N.  E.  Valencia,  and  25  S.  E.  Segorbe.  Lon. 
ft"  10'  W.    Lat.  39"  47'  N.     Pop.  5,100. 

Murviedro,  r.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  which  runs 
Jnto  the  sea  below  the  town  of  Murviedro. 

Murviel,  v.  France,  in  Herault,  9  m.  N.  E.  Be- 
ziers,  40  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  1,400. 

Mury,  t.  Switz,  in  Aargau,  4  ra.  S.  by  W.  Brem- 
garten. 

Murssusschlag,  t.  Austrian  states,  20  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Bruck.     Pop.  800. 

Musa,  or  Moosa,  v.  Yemen,  in  Arabia,  20  m.  E. 
Mocha. 

Musberg,  v.  Wirtemberg.  near  Stutgard.  Pop. 
1',400. 

62 


Musbtiry,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  8  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Bury.     Pop.  589. 

Muscat.     See  Muscat. 

Muscle  Canal,  strait  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, leading  into  Carter's  bav. 

Muscle  s/ioiils,  in  Tennessee  river,  250  m.  abov6 
its  mouth,  and  the  same  distance  below  the  Suck. 
They  extend  about  25  miles ;  the  river  spreads  to 
the  width  of  3  miles,  and  is  full  of  islands.  The 
passage  of  the  shoals  is  difficult,  except  when  the 
river  is  high.  Congress  passed  an  act,  during  the 
last  session,  for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation 
of  the  river  at  this  place. 

Mushanan,  r.  Pa.  wiiich  forms  the  boundary 
between  Centre  and  Huntingdon  counties,  and 
falls  into  a  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Muska,  or  Muskau,  t.  Prussian  states,  52  m.  N. 
E.  Dresden.     Pop.  1,400. 

Muskingum,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum.  Pop. 
in  1815,  f  1,200.     Chief  town,  Zanesville. 

Muskingum,  r.  Ohio,  which  rises  in  Portage  co. 
and  running  S.  200  miles,  joins  the  Ohio  at  Mari- 
etta. At  its  mouth,  it  is  250  yards  wide.  It  is 
navigable  100  miles  to  Coshocton,  for  large  boats, 
and  for  small  boats,  to  its  source,  whence  there  is 
a  portage  of  only  one  mile  to  the  Cuyahoga,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Erie.  At  Zanesville,  there  are 
considerable  rapids  in  the  river.  A  company  is 
formed  for  the  pur);ose  of  constructing  a  canal 
around  them.  They  intend  also  erecting  on  the 
canal  extensive  iron  works. 

Muskogulge,  or  Muskogees.     See  Creeks. 

Muso,  t.  New  Granada,  70  m.  N.  Santa  Fe  de 
Bogota.     Lon.  73"  30' W.    Lat.  5"  16' N. 

Miisquito  creek,  p-v.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

Mussnfurpore,  or  Mujafurpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Ba- 
har.    Lon.  85"  25'  E.    Lat.  26"  10'  N. 

Musselburgh,  t.  Scotland,  in  Edinburgh  co.  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Esk.  Betwixt  the  sea  and  the 
town  lie  the  extensive  downs  called  the  Mussel- 
burgh links,  where  the  Edinbun^h  races  were 
held  for  the  first  time  in  October  1816.  5  m.  E. 
by  S.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  o,500. 

Mussendoon,  or  Miissledoon,  cape,  Arabia,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Persian  gulf. 

Musser''s  mills,  p-v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Mussy  VEreque,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  on  the 
Seine,  15  m.  S.  Troves.     Pop.  1,700. 

Muslapha  Pacha  Kiupn,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  18  m. 
N.  W.  Adrianople. 

MuMapha  Pacha  Palanka^  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Bulgaria,  56  m.  W.  N.  W.  Sophia,  22  S.  E.  Nissa. 

Muslaphabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  76"  47' 
E.    Lat.  30"  20' N. 

Mustygannim,  s-p.  Algiers,  in  the  province  of 
Tlemsan.  It  is  defended  by  three  castles.  Lon, 
0"30'E.   Lat.  36"  6' N. 

MusnmelH,  t.  Sicily,  10  ra.  N.  E.  Castro  Novo. 
26  N.  by  E.  Girgenti. 

Muttoudt,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76"  25'  E. 
Lat.  13"  39'  N. 

Mutterstudt.  t.  Bavaria,  11  m.  N.  W.  Speri,  14 
S.  Worms.     Pop.  1,450. 

Mutton  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  on  the  coast  of  Canada.  Lon.  69°  W, 
Lat.  48°  25'  N, 

Muttra,  t,  Ommon,  in  Arabia,  3  m.  W\  Mascat, 

Mutuales,  or  Metuales,  an  independent  people 
of  Syria,  inhabiting  an  extensive  valley  between 
the  mountains  of  Libanus  and  Anti  Libanus.  They 
derive  their  name  from  Mutual,  a  celebrated  Sar- 
acen chief,  v.'ho  dpr^trove;!  the  anciont  Per?ian  re- 


4d0 


NAB 


ligion,  and  substituted  the  worship  of  Mahomed. 
Balbec  is  in  their  territory. 

Mutzig,  t.  France,  12  m.  W.  Strasburg.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Muy,  V.  France,  in  Var,  9  m.  W.  Frejus.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Mtcz iliac,  t.  France,  fn  Morbihan,  14  m.  S.  E. 
Vannes,     Pop.  3,600. 

Mussufirabad,  t.  Afghanistan,  and  cap.  of  a  dis- 
trict.   Lon.  72"  22'  E.  Lat.  34"  4'  N. 

Muzza,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  falls  into  the 
Adda,  8  m.  S.  E.  Lodi. 

Mijcence,  once  a  city  of  Greece,  in  the  N.  E.  of 
Peloponnesus.  Its  ruins  remain  exactly  as  de- 
scribed by  Pausanias.  8  m.  N.  E.  Argos,  22  S.  Co- 
rinth. 

Mycondah,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76°  10'  E. 
Lat.' 14°  16'  N. 

Myconi,  or  Mykone,  isl.  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, between  Naxes  and  Tino,  in  lon.  25"  23' 
E.  Lat.  37°  27'  N.  21  miles  in  circumference. 
The  inhabitants,  amount:" -g  to  1,000,  are  Greek 
Christians. 

Mydan,  district,  Afghanistan,  inCabul,  between 
33"  and  34°  N.  lat. 

Mydrechf,  t.  Netherlands,  12  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ut- 
recht.    Pop.  1,800. 

Myer,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  80°  50'  E. 
Lat.24°2rN. 

Myerstown,  p-t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 

Mylau,  t.  Saxony,  9  m.  N.  E.  Plaunen.  Pop. 
1,650. 

Mymunsing,  district,  Bengal,  between  24"  and 
25°  N.  lat.  The  chief  town  is  Bygonbarry,  which 
is  the  residence  of  the  judge  and  collector. 

Mynatpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  86"  15'  E. 
Lat.  26"  38'  N. 

Mynotc,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Wye  at 
Momnouth. 

Myo  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  in  the  Moluc- 
ca passage,  which  separates  Celebes  and  Gilolo. 
Lon.  126"  15'  E.  Lat.  1"  23"  N. 

Myra,  in  Sao.  Geog.  one  of  the  chief  cities  o{ 
Lycia,  in  Asia  Minor. 

Mysia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  province  of  Asia  Minor, 
divided  into  Greater  and  Less.  Mysia  Greater 
was  situated  between  Mysia  Less,  Phrygia,  Bithy- 
nia,  and  the  iEgean  sea ;  Mysia  Less,  between 
the  Hellespont  and  Propontis. 

Myrtle  Island,  one  of  the  Chandeleur  islands. 


N  A  C 

Myslenice,  the  most  western  circle  of  Austrian 
Poland,  separated  from  the  territory  of  Cracow  by 
the  Vistula.  Extent,  1,230  square  miles.  Pop. 
nearly  160,000.  Myslenice,  the  chief  town,  is  oh 
the  Baba,  16  m.  S.  Cracow. 

Mysol  Isle,  isl,  in  the  Eastern  seas,  midway  be- 
tween Ceram  and  Papua.  It  is  50  miles  long  by 
15  broad.     Lat.  2"  S. 

Mysore,  properly  Maisoor,  province  of  the  S.  ol 
India,  between  1 1°  and  15°  N.  lat.  and  surrounded 
by  the  British  territories,  subject  to  the  presiden- 
cy of  Madras.  This  province  consists  of  high  ta- 
ble land,  elevated  3,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  climate  is  temperate  and  healthy  to  a 
degree  unknown  in  any  other  tract  of  similar  ex- 
tent within  the  tropics.  Its  soil  produces  not  only 
all  the  grains  and  vegetables  of  other  parts  of  India, 
but  also  many  of  the  fruits  of  Europe.  The  culti- 
vation is  also  much  aided  by  means  of  reservoirs 
and  wells,  from  whence  the  farmers  irrigate  their 
fields  and  gardens.  The  inhabitants  are  in  gene- 
ral Hindoos.  Under  Hyder  Aly,  and  Tippoo  Sul- 
tan, this  country  was  at  war  with  the  British,  but 
it  is  now  united  in  the  firmest  alliance.  The  pres- 
ent rajah  was  placed  on  the  throne  by  the  British, 
who  secured  to  him  a  revenue  of  1,030,0(X)/.  ster- 
ling, with  the  entire  management  of  the  country, 
by  his  own  officers,  but  subject  to  the  general  su- 
perintendance  of  a  British  resident. 

Mysore,  t.  India,  and  cap.of  the  province  of  My- 
sore, is  about  9  miles  from  Seringapatam,  on  the 
top  of  a  lofty  hill.  It  iswell  supplied  with  water  and 
provisions,  and  is  considered  much  more  healthy 
than  Seringapatam.    Lon.  76°  52'  E.  Lat.  12°  16'  N. 

Mystic,  r.  Mass.  which  flows  into  Boston  liar- 
bour.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops  4  miles,  to  Med- 
ford. 

Mystic,  p-v.  New-London  co.  Ct. 

Mysziniec,  t.  Poland,  80  m.  N.  by  E.  Warsaw, 
83  E.  N.  E.  Plock.     Pop.  800. 

Mytilene,  or  Metelin,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  about  36  miles  long 
and  12  broad.  It  was  the  ancient  Lesbos,  celebra- 
ted as  the  abode  of  voluptuousness.  It  is  fertile, 
and  exports  oil,  figs,  and  wool.  There  are  several 
fine  ports.  The  population,consisting  of  Greeks  and 
Turksjis  variously  estimated  from 40, 000  to  100,000. 

Mytilene,  town  of.     See  Castro. 

Mzensk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Orel,  32  m.  N.  E. 
Orel.     Pop.  5,000. 


N. 


Naaldw  IK,  V.  Netherlands,  ni  South  Holland, 
14  m.  W.  N.  W.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,300. 

Naamaii's  Creek,  r.  Delaware,  which  runs  into 
Delaware  river,  at  Marcus  hook. 

Naarden,  or  jYaerden,  s-p.  Netherlands,  on  the 
Zuyder  Zee,  11  m.  E.  S.  E.  Amsterdam,  14  N. 
Utrecht.    Pop.  1,800. 

JVaas,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kildare  co.  26  m.  N.  W. 
Wicklow,  17  S.  W.Dublin.  Lon.  6° 42'  W.  Lat. 
53°  13'  N. 

^Yab,  or  jYaab,  v.  Bavaria,  is  formed  by  the  un- 
ion of  three  streams  at  Au,  aad  falls  into  the 
Danube  below  Ratisbon. 


Js'abajoa,  Rio,  r.  New  Mexico,  which  falls  iutfr 
the  Rio  Colorado  of  California. 

J^abal,  t.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  32  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tunis, 

J^abburg,  t.  Bavaria,  11  m.  E.  Amberg,  Pop. 
1,600. 

J^abejou,  small  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf,  50  m.  S. 
Congo. 

J^ablous.     See  J^aplous. 

Nabon,  s-p.  Laristan,  in  Persia,  70  m.  W.  Lar. 

JS''achego,  large  lake  of  Quito,  which  flows  by  a 
narrow  channel  into  the  river  Cahuapanas,  in  lat. 
5"  23'  S. 

~yachdo,  s-p.  Laristan,  in  Persia,  at  the  mouth 


NAG 

oi  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Persian  gult  It  is 
defended  by  a  fort,  and  is  under  the  dominion  of 
the  Wahabi.    50  m.  S.  S.  VV.  Lar. 

J^achisschevan,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav, 
on  the  Don.    Pop.  4,000. 

Js^acho,  or  Puerto  de  Calvados,  t  Mexico,  in  Hon- 
duras, 100  m.  W.  N.  W.  Comayagua,  30  N.  Gra- 
cias  a  Dies.     Lon.  89°  36'  W.  Lat.  15°  N. 

Kachody  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Metau,  20  m.  W. 
Glatz.     Pop.  1,400. 

JVackshievan,  or  Kuckshievan,  t.  Persian  Arme- 
nia, 85  m.  S.  E.  Erivan. 

Kacogdochts,  t.  Mexico,  in  Texas.  Lon.  94° 
17' W.  Lat.  31°  27' N. 

J^acongo,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lat.  5"  15'  S. 

Nadder,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Willy,  at 
Wilton. 

J^adegadoo,  district,  on  the  E.  side  of  Ceylon, 
between  7°  and  and  8°  N.  lat. 

J^adelburg,  V.  Austria,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Leitha  and  the  Fischa,  5  m.  E.  Wienerisch-Neu- 
stadt. 

JVeidernsee.     See  Dammische  See. 

JVaditnskoi,  t.  Russia,  on  the  gulf  of  Obi,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Nadim.  Lon.  73°  44'  E.  Lat. 
66"  25'  N. 

jXadir,  v.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Nile,  28  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cairo. 

JVadone,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  47'  E. 
Lat.  31°  59'  N. 

Xadudvar,  t.  Hungary,  21  m.  W.  S.  W.  De- 
breczin. 

J^aefels,  t.  Switz.  in  Claris,  4  m.  N.  Claris. 

JVq^j  r.  Hind,  which  divides  Bengal  from  Arra- 
can. 

J^ag''s  Head,  cape,  on  the  S.  end  of  the  W. 
«oast  of  St.  Christopher.  Lon.  63°  33'  W.  Lat. 
17°  20'  N. 

Jfagal,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Ganges.     Lon.  78°  10'  E.  Lat.  29"  43'  N. 

JVagamangalam,  fort,  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon. 
76"  57'  E.  Lat.  12°  49'  N. 

Nagera.     See  Naxera. 

J^agercole.     See  Bime. 

JVugerillaf  Laglera,  or  Aglera,  r.  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  which  runs  into  the  Ebro,  6  m.  N.  Cal- 
zada. 

J^aghery,  t.  India,^  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
45' E.  Lat.  13°19'N. 

Magjery,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandesh,  belonging  to  the 
Mahrattas.     Lon.  75°  50' E.    Lat.  21°  25' N. 

JVagold,  t.  Wirtemberg,  24  m.  W.  S.  W.  Stut- 
gard.     Pop.  1,800. 

J^agold,  r.  Wirtemberg,  which  falls  into  the 
Enz,  at  Pfortzheim. 

J^agore,  s-p.  India,  in  Tanjore.  Lon.  79°  55'  E. 
Lat.  10°  49'  N. 

.N'agore,  district.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  N^igore, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  74"  15'  E.  lat.  27"  N. 

J^agore,  or  JS'agorcole,  fort.  Hind,  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Sewalic.  It  is  mentioned  in  hi.«tory  as 
early  as  the  year  1118,  when  it  was  taken  by  the 
Mahometans;  but  some  doubts  are  entertained 
whether  it  is  not  the  place  now  called  Kangrah ; 
which  see. 

M'agore,  or  J^''aghore,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  87"  20'  E. 
Lat.  23°  56'  N. 

Kagorebussy,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  86°  E. 
Lat.  25°  22' N. 

JVagpoor,  Chuta,  district,  Hind,  in  Bahar,  be- 
tween 22°  and  23°  N.  lat. 

J^agpoor,  t  Hind,  and  capital  of  the  Mahratta 


N  A 


491 


territories,  in  the  province  of  Gundwaneh  or  Be- 
rar.     Pop.  80,000.     Lon.  79°  45'  E.  Lat.  21°  9'  N* 

J^agracka,  r.  Arkansaw  Territory,  which  falls 
into  the  Arkansaw,  on  the  S.  W.  side,  in  lon.  99' 
20'  W.     It  is  navigable  150  miles. 

JVagraginskoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  176  m. 
N.  Tobolsk. 

Kagualapa,  or  St.  Pedro,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat.  19°  30  N. 

Nagy  Abad,  t.  Hungary,  40  m.  \V.  by  N.  Funf- 
kirchen. 

J^agyag,  v.  Transylvania,  near  Deva,  remarka- 
ble for  a  rich  mine  of  tellurium. 

Nagyag,  r.  Hungary,  which  falls  into  the  great 
river 'i'heyss. 

JVagy-Bajom,  t.  Hungary,  26  m.  S.  S.  W.  De- 
breczin. 

Nagy-Banya,  or  JVeustadt,  t.  in  the  N,  E.  of 
Hungary.  It  is  the  capital  of  one  of  the  four  large 
mining  districts  into  which  the  whole  of  Hungary 
is  divided.  Pop.  4,600.  91  m.  E.  by  N.  Debrec- 
zin. 

J^agy-Enyed,  or  Slrassburg,  t.  Transylvania,  IG 
m.  N.  Carlsburg.     Pop.  6,000. 

JVagy-Ida,  v.  Hungary,  10  m.  8.  by  W.  Kas- 
chau. 

Nagy-KaUo,  t.  Hungary,  25  m.  N.  N.  E.  De- 
breczin.     Pop.  3,200. 

JVagy-Kapos,  t.  Hungary,  12  m.  W.  S.  W, 
Unghvar. 

JVagy-Karoly,  t.  Hungary,  40  m.  E.  by  N.  De- 
breczin.     Pop.  7,600, 

Nagy-Kata,  t.  Hungary,  31  m.  E.  by  S.  Pest 
Pop.  4*000. 

Kagy-Koresch,  t.  Hungary,  45  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pest. 
20  W.'S.  W.  Szolnok.  Lon.  19^  47'  47''  E.  Lat. 
47"  1'  50"  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

J^asy-Levar,  or  Gross-Schutzen,  t,  Hungary,  32 
m.  N.'E.  Vienna.     Pop.  3,000. 

Auhant,  pfniinsula,  Mass.  in  the  town  of  Lynn, 
14  m.  i\.  E.  Boston,  connected  with  the  main  land 
by  the  narrow  isthmus  called  Lynn  beach.  It  is  a 
cool  and  dclightt'ul  summer  retreat,  and  is  a  fa- 
mous resort  of  parties  of  pleasure  from  Boston^ 
Salem,  Marblehead,  and  other  neighboring  towns, 

JValie,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine, 
at  Biugen. 

JVahil,  r.  Barca,  in  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean,    Lon.  40°  10'  E.    Lat.  32°  10'  N. 

J^ah7i,  district,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  Jumna, 
between  30"  and  32°  N.  lat.  Nahn,  the  capital, 
is  a  place  of  considerable  strength.  Lon.  77°  7' 
E.  Lat.  30°  41'  N. 

A''ahr  el  Berd,  r.  Syria,  which  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean,  9  m.  N.  Tri^wli. 

jYahr  Eltemasieh  or  River  of  Crocodiles,  r.  Sy- 
ria, which  falls  into  the  Mediterranean,  6  m.  S. 
Tortosa. 

J\'a/ir  Gebail,  r.  Syria,  which  falls  into  the  Me- 
diterranean, 4  m.  S.  Ladikieh. 

J^ahr Ibrahim,  r.  Syria,  which  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean,  20m.  N.  Bairout. 

Nuhr  el  Kebir,  r.  Syria,  which  falls  into  the  Me- 
diterranean, 20  m.  N.  E.  Tripoli. 

J^ahr  Mechattc,  r.  Palestine,  which  falls  into  tlxe 
Mediterranean,  3  m.  N.  Caifa. 

Mi/nitlhvapi,  lake,  Chili,  100  miles  in  length. 
Lon.  70"  40'  W.  Lat.  41°  22'  30"  S. 

Maila,  t.  Bavarian  states,  9  m.  W.  lloL  Pop. 
1,200. 

Xaiiloux,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  20  ni 
S.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1.200,. 


492 


NAM 


NAN 


J^ailly,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,on  the  river  Yonrie. 
Pop.  900. 

J^ailsea,t.  En^,  in  Somersetshire,  9  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Bristol.     Pop.  1,313. 

JVain,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Palestine,  near  Ca- 
pernaum. 

JVam,  Moravian  settlement,  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
Lehigh  river,  established  in  1764.  50  m.  N.  Phil- 
adelphia. 

J^aith,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Ramah. 

Nairn,  a  small  county  of  Scotland,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Moray  frith,  E.  and  S.  by  Morayshire,  and 
W.  by  Inverness-shire.  The  county  contains  about 
128,000  acres,  and  8,251  inhabitants. 

Nairn,  a  royal  burgh,  and  cap.  of  Nairnshire, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Nairn,  where  it  falls  into 
the  Moray  frith.  15|  m.  E.  by  N.  Inverness,  102f 
N.  W.  Aberdeen,     Pop.  nearly  2,000. 

Nairn  River,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the 
Moray  frith  at  the  burgh  of  JN^airn. 

Nairs.     See  Malabar. 

Najac,  t.  France,  9  ra.  S.  Villefranche.  Pop. 
2,100. 

Najoo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  124"25'E.  Lat.l°29'S. 

Nakel,  or  Naklo,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  the 
Netze,  16  m,  W.  by  N,  Bromberg.     Pop.  1,500. 

Nakskow,  or  Naskow,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island 
of  Laaland,  15  m.  W.  by  N.  Marieboe.  Lon.  11° 
9'  E.  Lat.  54°  50'  20"  N.     Pop.  1 ,700. 

Naldouruh,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  belonging 
to  the  Mahrattas.  Lon.  76°45'E.  Lat.  17°  27'  N. 

Naloes,  a  people  of  W.  Africa,  who  inhabit  the 
banks  of  the  Rio  Nunez. 

Namacul,  t.  India,  subject  to  the  British.  It 
possesses  a  strong  fort.  Lon.78°5'E.  Lat.  11°22'N. 

Narnagang,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
132°  E.  Lat.  6°  45'  S. 

Namaquas,  a  people  of  Southern  Africa,  formingu 
branch  of  the  Hottentot  race.     See  Hottentots. 

Namasket,  r.  Mass.  which  joins  Bridgewater 
river,  to  form  the  Taunton. 

Namboody,  i.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  belonging 
to  the  Mahrattas.  Lon.  73"  3'  E.  Lat.  19°  15'  N. 

NamesstOf  t.  Hungary,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Arva. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Namjio,  or  j9naphe,  small  isl.  of  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
the  Grecian  archipelago,  E.  of  Santorin.  It  is 
about  15  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  a  few 
villages,  inhabited  by  about  400  Greeks.  Lon.  25° 
48'  E.  Lat.  36°  28'  N. 

Namjio  Pouln,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipe- 
lago, a  little  S.  of  Namfio. 

Namiescht,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  25  m. 
N.  Znaim,  20  W.  Brunn. 

Namsim,  r.  Norway,  which  falls  into  a  strait  of 
the  North  sea,  between  the  island  of  Ottenoe  and 
the  mainland,  in  about  lat.  64°  25'  N. 

Namslau,  t.  Prussian  states,  29  m.  E.  by  S.  Bres- 
lau.     Pop.  2,800. 

Namvr,  one  of  the  inlands  and  southern  provin- 
ces of  the  Netherlands,  bounded  partly  by  the 
French  frontier,  partly  liy  the  Belgic  provinces  of 
Hainault,  South  Brabant,  and  Liege.  p]xtent, 
about  920  square  miles.  Pop.  1 15,000.  The  chief 
mannfactures  of  the  province  are  of  iron,  copper, 
paper,  leather,  and  woollens. 

Namur,  t.  Netherlands,  cap.  of  the  foregoing 
province,  is  at  the  conflux  of  the  Sombre  and  the 
Maese.  It  is  defended  by  a  citadel,  built  on  the 
summit  of  a  craggy  rock.  Here  are  extensive 
manufactures  of  fire-arms,  swords,  knives,  scis- 
sors, and  other  articles  of  iron,  copper,  and  brass. 


It  is  noted  in  history  for  the  long  siege  which  it 
sustained  in  1692,  against  Louis  XIV.  30  m.  S.  W. 
Liege.  Lon.  4°  61'  E.  Lat.  50°  28'  N.  Pop. 
15,085. 

Nanas,  t.  Hungary,  23  m.  N.  by  W.  Debreczin. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Nanay,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Amazons,  in 
lat,  3°  37'  S. 

Nancay,  v.  France,  in  Cher,  20  m.  N.  Bourgess- 
Pop.  900. 

Nanceville,  p-v.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 

Nancowry,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands,  in  the  bay 
of  Bengal.  Lon.  93°  43'  E.  Lat.  7°  57'  N. 

Nancy,  city  in  the  N.  E.  of  France,  cap.  of 
Meurthe.  It  is  in  a  beautiful  plain,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Meurthe  ;  is  large  and  well  built,  and 
accounted  one  of  the  most  pleasant  towns  in 
France.  The  chief  objects  of  its  trade  are  corn 
and  wine.  Its  fortifications,  formerly  considera- 
ble, were  dismantled  alter  the  peace  of  Ryswick 
in  1697.  30  m.  S.  Metz,  16  W,  Strasburg,  230  E. 
Paris.  Lon.  6°  10'  E.  Lat.  48°  41'  N.  Pop. 
30,000. 

Nandaprayaga,  place  of  pilgrimage.  Hind,  in 
Serinagur.  Lon.  79°  22'  E.  Lat.  30°  22'  N. 

Nandere,  district.  Hind,  about  19°  N.  lat.  and 
intersected  by  the  river  Godavery.  It  is  150  miles 
long,  by  about  35  broad,  and  was  formerly  denom- 
inated Sircar  Telinganeh.  Nandere,  the  capital, 
is  in  lon.  77°  35' E.  lat.  19°  6' N. 

Nandore,  t.  India,  in  Circars.  Lon.  82°  25' E. 
Lat.  17°  27' N. 

Nangasacki,  a  large  seaport  of  Japan,  at  the  S. 
W.  extremity  of  the  isl.  of  Ximo.  It  is  the  only 
point  of  the  empire  at  which  Europeans  are  per- 
mitted to  carry  on  any  trade.  This  permission  is 
now  entirely  confined  to  the  Dutch,  who  are  al- 
lowed moreover  to  traffic  only  on  a  small  scale,  and 
under  the  most  rigorous  restrictions.  They  are 
confined  to  the  island  of  Desima,  only  600  feet 
long  and  120  broad,  immediately  adjoining  the 
town  of  Nangasacki.  It  has  two  gates,  one  of 
which,  looking  to  the  town,  is  always  well  guard- 
ed by  the  Japanese,  and  locked  at  night ;  the  other 
looks  to  the  harbour,  and  is  open  only  when  ves- 
sels are  discharging  or  taking  in  their  cargoes. 
The  Dutch  company  pay  15  per  cent,  and  private 
traders  75  per  cent,  on  all  goods  imported.  The 
Japanese  town  has  neither  walls  nor  fortifications. 
Lon.  130°  12'  E.    Lat.  32°  48'  N. 

Nan-gesu,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China. 
Lon.  ri  9"  24'  E.     Lat.  25°  6'  N. 

Nangihan,  Point,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Leyta.     Lon.  124°  57'  E.    Lat.  10°  2'  N. 

Nangira,  or  Neonjee,  r.  Missouri,  a  S.  branch  of 
the  Osage.  About  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  there 
is  a  perpendicular  fall  of  90  feet. 

Nanheim,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  2  m.  N.  Friedberg, 
16  N.  N.W.  Hanau. 

Nanjemoy,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Charles  co. 
Md,  near  the  river  of  the  same  n^me,  which  flows 
into  the  Potomac.  It  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 
44  m.  from  Washington. 

Nanfis,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  12  m. 
W.  Pr'ovins.     Pop.  2,000. 

Nanka  Islands,  3  small  islands  in  the  Eastern 
seas,  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Banca, 
Lon.  105°  41'  E.    Lat.  2°  22'  S. 

Nankang,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiangsee,  on  a  branch  of  the  Poyang  lake.  Lon. 
115°39'E.    Lat.  29°  33' N. 

Nanking,  a  large  city  of  China,  not  equalled 


NAN 

perhaps  by  any  in  the  world  for  the  extent  of 
ground  inclosed  within  its  walls.  Nanking  was 
at  one  time  the  imperial  city  and  capital  of  South- 
ern China;  but  since  the  seat  of  §;overnment,  and 
the  six  great  tribunals,  were  transferred  to  Pekin, 
it  has  lost  its  importance,  and  a  considerable  share 
of  its  population.  About  a  third  of  its  area  is 
now  supposed  to  be  unoccupied.  Its  situation, 
however,  is  highly  advantageous  for  commerce, 
being  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river  Yang-tse-kiang, 
the  largest  in  the  empire;  and  vessels  of  great 
burden  were  once  accustomed  to  sail  up  to  it ;  and 
it  still  enables  Nanking  to  communicate  by  barks 
with  all  the  interior  of  the  empire,  while  the  great 
canal  affords  a  navigation  to  Pekin.  This  city  is 
distinguished  by  its  manufactures,  above  the  rest 
of  the  empire.  The  staple  one  is  silk,  particularly 
that  of  plain  and  flowered  satins.  Its  principal 
ornaments  are  the  gateways,  which  are  very  lofty 
and  splendid,  and  the  porcelain  tower.  This  cel- 
ebrated pagoda  is  of  an  octagonal  form,  9  stories 
high,  and  mounted  by  884  steps.  Lon.  118°  34' 
E.    Lat.32M'N. 

J^an-ning,  city  of  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Quangsee.     Lon.  107''  44'  E.    Lat.  22°  44'  N. 

Nanmickloo,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Lab- 
rador.    Lon.  60"VV.    Lat.  56°  50' N. 

JVansan,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China.  Lon, 
119°  29' E.    Lat.  26°  50' N. 

J^ansemond,  co.  in  the  S.  E  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
10,324.    Slaves,  4,462.     Chief  town,  Suffolk. 

J^ansemond,  r.  Va.  which  rises  in  Dismal  swamp, 
and  falls  into  James  river,  a  little  W.  of  Elizabeth 
river.  It  is  navigable  to  Sleepy  hole  for  vessels  of 
250  tons ;  to  Suffolk  for  those  of  100  tons ;  and  to 
Milners  for  those  of  25  tons. 

JVant,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  10  m.  S.  E.  Mil- 
haud,  18  N.  Lodeve.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nanlasket  Road,  the  entrance  into  Boston  har- 
bour, Mass.  S.  of  the  lighthouse.  It  affords  safe 
anchorage  in  from  5  to  7  fathoms  water. 

Mantchang,  or  Nanchang,  city,  China,  capital 
of  Kiangsee.  It  carries  on  a  considerable  trade 
in  porcelain.  Lon.  115°  30' E.  Lat.  28°  36' N. 
J^anterre,  t.  France,  5  m.  W.  Paris. 
JVantes,  a  large  commercial  city  in  the  W.  of 
France,  cap.  of  Loire  Inferieure,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Loire,  27  m.  from  its  mouth.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  manufactures.  The  principal 
are  for  the  spinning,  weaving,  and  printing  of  cot- 
ton ;  also  for  making  woollens  and  linens  of  various 
qualities.  Here  are  likewise  manufactures  of 
cordage,  earthenware,  of  glass,  of  hardware,  and 
of  spirituous  liquors.  Ship-building,  also,  is  car- 
ried on  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  foreign 
trade,  though  not  great,  extend?  to  a  number  of 
different  countries.  The  intercourse  with  Ame- 
rica is  active  and  increasing.  From  the  West  In- 
dies the  chief  import  is  sugar,  for  which  there  are 
fifteen  refineries  in  the  town.  By  means  of  the 
Loire  and  its  tributary  streams,  it  sends  its  mer- 
chandize into  the  interior  of  the  kingdom.  Nantes 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  has  been  the  seat  of  sev- 
eral ecclesiastical  councils,  and  is  noted  in  history 
for  the  celebrated  edict  issued  there  in  1598,  by 
Henry  IV.  in  favour  of  the  Protestants,  the  recal 
of  which,  in  1685,  by  Louis  XIV.  is  justly  consid- 
ered a  fatal  error  in  that  memorable  reign.  The 
environs  of  Nantes  are  delightful,  particularly  on 
the  banks  of  the  Loire.  Lon.  1°  22'  W.  Lat.  47° 
13' N. 

Kanteuil  en  Vallee,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  30 
m.  N.  by  E.  Angouleme.    Pop.  1,200. 


N  A  O 


493 


A''anteuil  le  Haudouin,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  36  m, 
N.  E.  Paris.     Pop.  1,400. 

Nantiat,  t.  France,  in  Upper- Vienne,  16  m.  N. 
W.  Limoges.     Pop.  1,600. 

J^anticoke,  r.  Eastern  shore  of  Md.  which  rises 
in  Delaware  and  runs  into  Fishing  bay  in  the 
Chesapeake. 

JVanticoke,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

JS'antmill,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,544, 

Nanlmill,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  Bran- 
dy wine.     Pop.  1,188. 

JVantua,  t.  France,  36  m.  W.  Geneva.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Nantucket,  island,  Mass.  about  10  m.  E.  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard,  and  24  S.  of  Cape  Cod.  It  lies 
between  41°  13'  and  41°  22'  N.  lat.  and  between 
69"  56'  and  70°  13'  W.  lon.  It  is  15  miles  long,  and 
contains  about  50  sq.  miles.  The  climate  is  mild 
compared  with  thatof  the  adjacent  continent.  The 
soil  is  light  and  sandy,  but  in  some  parts  is  rich 
and  productive,  particularly  in  hay.  It  was  for- 
merly well  wooded,  but  there  is  not  now  a  single 
tree  of  native  growth.  The  land  is  chiefly  held  in 
common  by  the  inhabitants.  All  the  cows,  amount- 
ing to  about  500,  feed  together  in  one  herd ;  all 
the  sheep,  14,000  in  one  pasture.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  principally  robust,  enterprising  seamen, 
extensively  engaged  in  the  whale  fishery,  and  they 
have  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  skilful  and 
adventurous  seamen  in  the  world.  They  suffered 
severely  both  in  the  revolutionary  and  late  war, 
a  large  portion  of  their  shipping  being  captured 
by  the  British.  Since  the  peace,  however,  the 
whale  fishery  has  revived,  and  they  had  in  1818, 
45  ships,  averaging  more  than  three  hundred  tons, 
employed  in  this  business.  There  are  30  sperma- 
ceti works  on  the  island,  employing  a  capital  of 
$600,000.  To  the  S.  E.  of  this  island  are  the  Nan- 
tucket shoals,  where  numerous  vessels  have  been 
shipwrecked.  They  extend  about  50  miles  in 
length,  and  45  in  breadth.     Pop.  in  1810,  6,807. 

Nantucket,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry  on  the  above 
island,  30  m.  S.  E.  Falmouth,  60  S.  E.  New  Bed- 
ford, 123  S.  S.  E.  Boston.  It  is  on  a  harbor,  in- 
cluded within  a  large  bay,  which  stretches  along 
the  whole  northern  side  of  the  island,  from  Sandy 
point  on  the  N.  E.  to  Eel  point  on  the  W.  The 
bay  makes  a  fine  road  for  ships,  except  with  the 
wind  at  N.  W.  when  there  is  a  heavy  swell.  The 
harbor  is  completely  safe  from  all  winds,  being 
almost  land-locked,  the  points  at  its  entrance  ap- 
proaching within  a  mile  of  each  other.  There  is 
a  bar  of  sand  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  on  which 
there  is  only  7^  feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  Nan- 
tucket is  the  only  town  on  the  island,  and  con- 
tains 2  banks,  2  insurance  companies,  5  houses  of 
public  worship,  2  for  Friends,  2  for  Congregation- 
alists,  1  for  Methodists.     Pop.  6,807. 

Nantucket  Shoal,  a  bank  about  50  miles  long, 
and  45  broad,  extending  S.  E,  from  the  island  of 
its  name. 

Nantucket  Bay,  N.  J.  Delaware  bay,  opposite 
Bombay  Hook. 

Nantwich,  or  Namptwich,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester  co. 
a  pretty  considerable  trading  and  manufacturing 
town.  The  chief  business  is  the  manufacture  of 
salt  and  shoes.  20  m.  S.  E.  Chester,  165  N.  W, 
London.  Lon.  2°  31'  W.  Lat.  53°  4'  N.  Pop. 
3,990. 

Na7i-Yang,  t.  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Honan. 
Lon.  1 12°  14'  E.  Lat.  33°  36'  N. 

Nao,  Cape,  promontory  of  Spain,  on  the  coast 
of  Valencia.  Lon.  e°  11'  10 "  E.  Lat.  38°  44'  40'  N. 


494 


NAP 


NAP 


Naours,  t,  France,  in  Somme,  9  m.  N.  Amiens. 
Pop.  1,500. 

JVapagedl,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  on  the 
March,  38  m.  E.  Brunn.     Pop.  2,300. 

JVapakiang,  s-p.  great  Loochoo  island,  about  5 
m.  from  the  capital.  Lon.  127°  37'  E.  Lat.  26° 
13' N. 

Naples,  country  in  the  S.  of  Italy,  forming  the 
continental  part  of  the  kingdom  of  the  two  Sici- 
lies, bounded  N.  W.  by  the  States  of  the  Church, 
N.  E.  by  the  Adriatic,  and  S.  and  W.  by  the 
Mediterranean.  It  extends  from  13°  16'  to  18° 
60'  E.  lon.  and  from  37°  46' to  42°  55' N.  lat.  It 
is  of  an  irregular  shape,  and  in  comparing  the  Ital- 
ian peninsula  to  a  boot,  it  forms  the  foot  and  low- 
er part  of  the  leg.  Extent,  30,000  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  above  5,000,000  by  the  returns  of  1818.  It 
is  divided  into  the  15  following  provinces : 

Napoli  or  Naples.  Molise. 

Terra  di  Lavoro.  Terra  di  Bari. 

Principato  Citra.  Terra  d'Otranto. 

Principato  Ultra.  Basilicata. 

Abruzzo  Ultra  I.  Calabria  Citra. 

Abruzzo  Ultra  II.  Calabria  Ultra  I. 

Abruzzo  Citra.  Calabria  Ultra  II. 

Capitanata. 

The  surface  of  this  kingdom  is  mountainous, 
but  it  contains  also  a  number  of  beautiful  plains 
and  extensive  vallies,  which,  under  the  influence 
of  an  invariably  mild  climate,  present  a  luxuri- 
ance of  vegetation,  and  a  beauty  of  scenery,  hard- 
ly to  be  met  with  in  any  other  part  of  Europe. 
The  kingdom  is  traversed  by  the  great  chain  of 
the  Appenines.  The  southern  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Naples  is  subject  to  volcanoes  and  earth- 
quakes, which  are  sometimes  so  violent  as  to  bury 
■whole  cities  in  their  ruins.  Marshes  are  found  on 
various  parts  of  the  sea  coast,  and  by  their  insa- 
lubrity, render  some  of  the  most  fertile  tracks  al- 
tnost  uninhabitable.  The  soil  is  light,  and  in 
some  parts  volcanic,  but  in  general  fertile.  The 
most  common  kinds  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  bar- 
ley, and  in  the  colder  situations  rye.  Nothing 
can  be  ruder  than  the  agricultural  implements. 
In  many  parts  the  grain  is  still  separated  from  the 
straw  by  the  trampling  of  cattle ;  in  other  parts 
by  two  oxen  dragging  a  rough  and  heavy  stone, 
which  breaks  the  sheaves,  and  shakes  out  the  ears 
of  the  corn.  The  other  products  are  rice  in  the 
marshy  tracts,  cotton,  tobacco,  olives,  flax,  and 
hemp. — Manufactures  in  this  country  are  still  in 
their  infancy,  which  arises  from  injudicious  taxa- 
tion, and  the  insecurity  of  property.  The  capital 
has  a  great  manufactory  of  porcelain,  and  another 
of  fire-arms.  The  navigation  and  commerce  of 
the  kingdom  are  limited.  The  exports  are  con- 
fined to  raw  produce,  such  as  oil,  silk,  wool,  fruit ; 
to  which  are  added,  in  smaller  quantities,  corn, 
cotton,  and  wine.  The  imports  are  principally 
brought  from  Britain,  or  in  British  vessels.  A 
commercial  treaty  concluded  in  February  1816, 
placed  British  subjects  on  a  similar  footing,  as  to 
privileges  and  taxation,  with  the  natives.  In 
January  1799,  the  city  of  Naples  was  entered  by 
the  French ;  but  was  evacuated  in  June  following, 
and  the  country  was  governed  by  its  own  sove- 
reign till  the  spring  of  1806,  when  the  city  was 
again  occupied  by  the  French,  and  Joseph  Bona- 
parte was  soon  after  Y^roclaimed  king;  and,  in 
1808,  on  his  removal  to  Spain,  the  crown  was  con- 
ferred on  Murat.  After  the  final  defeat  of  the 
Neapolitan  army  by  the  Austrians  in  the  spring  of 
1815,  the  city  of  Naples  was  surreodered  early  io 


May  to  a  British  squadron;  and  on  17th  June, 
king  Ferdinand,  after  an  absence  of  9  years,  made 
his  entrance  into  his  capital,  where  he  was  receiv- 
ed with  enthusiastic  acclamations.  In  1820,  a 
revolution  took  place  in  imitation  of  that  of  Spain, 
and  the  people  and  army  obtained  from  the  king, 
a  proclamation  of  the  Spanish  constitution.  The 
emperor  of  Austria,  however,  fearing  that  his 
Italian  subjects  might  catch  the  revolutionary 
spirit,  in  March  1821  sent  a  powerful  army  into 
the  country,  which  occupied  the  capital  and  other 
principal  places,  and  terminated  the  revolution 
without  much  opiwsition. 

JVaples,  a  very  large  city  in  the  S.  W.  of  Italy, 
and  cap.  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples.  The  situa- 
tion is  one  of  the  most  delightful  that  can  be  im- 
agined. Seated  partly  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill, 
partly  on  the  margin  of  a  spacious  bay,  it  spreads 
its  population  along  the  shore,  and  covers  the 
shelving  coasts  and  adjacent  eminences,  with  its 
villas  and  gardens.  The  bay  is  extensive,  and 
presents  an  almost  unrivalled  assemblage  of  pic- 
turesque and  beautiful  scenery.  In  point  of  size 
and  population,  Naples  ranks  after  London,  Paris, 
and  Constantinople,  being  the  fourth  city  of  Eu- 
rope. The  circumference  is  commonly  computed 
at  9  miles;  but  including  all  the  suburbs,  it  is  up- 
wards of  18.  The  streets,  though  in  general  nar- 
row, are  straight,  and  tolerably  regular :  they  are 
handsomely  paved  with  large  flags  of  lava ;  and, 
since  the  French  occupied  the  city,  and  introduc- 
ed improvements,  most  of  them  have  been  lighted 
with  lamps,  suspended,  as  in  Paris,  across  the 
middle  of  the  street  The  Strada  di  'Toledo  is  the 
finest  street  in  Naples,  and  one  of  the  best  in  Eu- 
rope. It  is  broad,  straight,  well  paved,  and  bor- 
dered in  its  whole  length  with  elegant  buildings. 
The  houses  are  in  general  six  or  seven  stories 
high,  flat  roofed,  and  covered  with  a  kind  of  stuc- 
co.— The  fortifications  of  Naples  are  not  adapted 
to  resist  an  army,  though  the  city  is  surrounded 
with  a  wall,  and  defended  by  a  number  of  towers, 
as  well  as  by  three  large  castles. — Of  the  public 
edifices  of  Naples,  the  churches  are  the  most  con- 
spicuous ;  but  their  splendor  consists  less  in  ele- 
gance of  architecture,  than  in  the  richness  of  their 
paintings,  marbles,  and  other  decorations.  The 
university  was  founded  in  1224.  The  building  is 
divided  into  several  compartments,  and  contains, 
1st,  the  library,  with  90,000  volumes ;  2d,  the  cabi- 
net of  manuscripts  of  Werculaneum,  with  the  vari- 
ous machines  for  unfolding  them ;  3d,  the  museum 
of  paintings  ;  4th,  that  of  sculpture  ;  5th,  a  collec- 
tion of  bronzes  of  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii ; 
and  6th,  a  collection  of  Etruscan  vases.  The 
charitable  establishments  are  numerous  and  well 
endowed.  The  total  number  is  above  sixty ;  of 
these,  seven  are  hospitals ;  above  thirty  are  schools 
for  poor  children  of  both  sexes,  who  are  boarded 
and  educated. 

The  trade  of  Naples,  though  great  for  so  inac- 
tive a  country  as  the  south  of  Italy,  is  small  when 
compared  to  the  crowded  seaports  of  England  and 
Holland.  Its  exports  are  confined  to  the  products 
of  the  adjacent  country,  such  as  silk,  wool,  cot- 
ton, oil,  wine,  corn,  and  fruit.  The  imports  are 
various,  consisting  both  of  articles  of  necessity 
and  luxury,  of  colonial  produce,  and  of  manu- 
factures. 

The  population  amounts  to  330,000,  of  whom, 
according  to  a  recent  estimate,  155,000  are  males, 
and  175,000  females.  The  higher  ranks  are  fre- 
quently ignorant,  friyoloUB,  and  dissipated,  while 


N  A  R 

the  lower  orders  are  indolent  and  superstitious. 
The  Lazzaroni  are  a  part  of  the  populace  with- 
out either  dwellings  or  regular  occupation.  They 
may  be  said  to  spend  their  life  in  the  streets  saun- 
tering about  during  the  day,  and  sleeping  at  night 
under  a  public  portico,  on  the  pavement,  or  on 
the  steps  of  a  church.  Their  number  is  said  to 
have  been  formerly  between  30,000  and  40,000, 
and  is  still  considerable.  Naples  literally  swarms 
with  nobility  without  fortunes,  priests  without 
benefices,  and  beggars  of  all  descriptions.  The 
charge  of  want  of  cleanliness  is  unfortunately 
nearly  as  applicable  here  as  at  Rome,  the  rooms 
being  infested  with  fleas  and  other  vermin.  Sea- 
bathmg,  though  so  easily  within  reach,  is  very 
little  resorted  to  by  the  inhabitants.  The  envi- 
rons of  Naples  are  fertile,  picturesque,  and  highly 
interesting  to  the  antiquary  and  classical  scholar. 
Vesuvius,  the  Solfatara,  the  curious  cavern  called 
the  Grotta  del  Cane,  the  baths  of  Nero,  the  tomb 
of  Virgil,  the  remains  of  the  baths  of  LucuUus, 
ruins  of  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii,  are  all  in  its 
vicinity.  In  1803,  the  city  suffered  severely  from 
an  earthquake.  1 10  m.  S.  E.  Rome,  380  S.  S.  E. 
Milan,  and  nearly  1 ,000  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  14°  15' 
E.  Lat.  40"  50' N. 

Naples,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  S.  Canan- 
daigua,  216  W.  Albany.     Pop.  637. 

Naples  Bay,  bay  of  lake  Ontario,  in  Hender- 
son, N.  Y. 

Naplous,  or  Napolose,  city,  Palestine,  the  an- 
cient Sichem,  capital  of  tlie  Samaritans.  It  is 
frequented  by  caravans  from  Egypt.  The  chief 
objects  here  venerated  and  visited,  are  the  tombs 
of  Joseph  and  Joshua,  which  seem  to  be  fixed  at 
Sichem  by  the  unquestionable  statements  of  sa- 
cred writ.  Still  greater  reverence,  however,  is 
attached  by  the  inhabitants  to  the  spot  called  Ja- 
cob's Well,  about  three  miles  on  the  road  to  Je- 
rusalem. 24  m.  N.  Jerusalem.  Lon.  35°  22'  E. 
I^at.  32°  16'  N. 

JVapo,  r.  Quito,  which  joins  the  Amazon  on  the 
N.  shore,  in  lat.  3°26'S. 

JVapoli  di  Malvasia,  Monembasia,  or  Mengesche, 
t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  E.  of  the 
Morea,  55  m.  S.  by  E.  Napoli  di  Romania.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Napoli  di  Romaniy  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  E.  of 
the  Morea,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  on  a  rocky 
promontory,  which  forms  an  excellent  harbor, 
capable  of  containing  150  ships  of  war.  It  is  the 
best  built  place  in  the  Morea,  and  is  tolerably  for- 
tified, and  carries  on  a  trade  in  corn,  oil,  wine, 
and  cotton.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  1 0  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Argos,  20  N.  E.  Tripolizza.  Lon.  22°  48  E. 
Lat.  37°  39'  N. 

Napotose.     See  Naplous. 

Nap-pah,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  belonging  to  the 
Mahrattas.    Lon.  73°  15'  E.  Lat.  22°  2t'  N. 

Naraingunge,  t.  Bengal,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Brahmapootra.  The  inhabitants  carry  on  an  ex- 
tensive traffic  in  grain,  salt,  tobacco,  and  lime. 
Lon.  00°  35'  E,  Lat.  23°  37'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Naraingur,  t.  Bengal,  in  Midnapore.  Lon.  87° 
35' E.  Lat.  22°  11' N. 

Narangabad,  t.  Hind.  inOude.  Lon.  80°  30'  E. 
Lat.  27°  45'  N. 

Naranjal,  or  Naranjos,  2  islands  of  the  Pacific, 
in  the  gulf  of  Panama.     Lat.  2°  28'  S. 

Naranjos,  small  islands  among  the  Philippines, 
12  m.  N.  E.  Masbate.  Lon.  123°  54'  E.  Lat.  12° 
29' N. 


N  A  R 


495 


Naransas,  Punta  de,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  75°  30'  W.  Lat.  43"  20'  N. 

Narasinghapoory  i.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77° 
5'  E.  Lat.  12°  8'  N. 

Narbeih,  t.  Wales,  in  Pembroke  co.  9  m.  N. 
Tenby,  255  W.  London,  Lon.  4°  43'  W.  Lat.  SI** 
48' N.    Pop.  1,979. 

Narbonne,  t.  France,  in  Aude.  It  was  once 
strongly  fortified ;  but  at  present  a  wall  flanked 
with  bastions  is  its  only  defence.  It  has  some  trade 
in  corn,  and  an  extensive  traffic  in  honey  and 
wax,  the  produce  of  the  neighbourhood.  It  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop  37  m.  N.  E.  Perpignan,  70 
S.  W.  Montpelier.  Lon.  3°  E.  Lat.  43°  11'  N. 
Pop.  9,000. 

Narborough  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  near  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lon.  76°  12'  W. 
Lat.  45°  12' S. 

Narcondam,  isl.  of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  27  leagues 
E.  Great  Andaman.  Lon.  94°  12*  E.  LaL  13° 
25' N. 

Narden.     See  Naarden. 

Nardo,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  d'Otranto.  Pop. 
3,500.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  30  m.  W,  Otran- 
to,  50  E.  S.  E.  Tarento. 

Nare,  r.  New  Granada,  which  enters  the  Mag- 
dalena  on  the  W.  near  Honda. 

Narenta,  or  Narenza,  r.  Dalmatia,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic  at  Fort  Opus. 

Narenta,  or  Narenza,  i.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bosnia, 
on  the  river  Narenta,  75  m.  N.  N.  E.  Spalatro. 

Narew,  r.  Poland,  which  joins  the  Bug,  after 
which  the  united  stream  runs  into  the  Vistula,  at 
Nowydwor. 

Nargen,  or  Nargo,  small  island  of  Russia,  in  the 
gulf  of  Finland,  near  Revel.  Lon.  24°  36'  E.  Lat. 
39°30'N. 

Nariadf  t.  Hind,  in  Giyerat.  Lon.  72°  59'  E. 
Lat.  22°  42'  N. 

Narikee,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  belonging  to  the  Brit- 
ish.    Lon.  78°  20'  E.  Lat.  27°  18'  N. 

Narlak,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  87°  35'  E.  Lat» 
22°11'N. 

Nam,  r.  Austria,  which  joins  the  Danube,  on 
the  N.  side,  at  Eitzendorf. 

Namallah,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Berar,  belonging 
to  the  rajah  of  Nagpore.  Lon.  77°  30'  E.  Lat.  21* 
40'  N. 

Nami,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  40 
m.  N.  Rome.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Narnoul,  district.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Narnoul,  the 
capital,  is  in  lon.  76°  8'  E.  Lat.  28°  4'  N. 

Naro,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Mazzara,  about  15 
m.  from  the  sea  coast,  HE.  Girgenti.  It  is  a 
strong  military  position.     Pop.  12,000. 

Narova,  r.  Russia,  which  issues  from  the  lake  of 
Peipus,  and  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Finland,  near  Nar- 
va. 

Narovtschat,  t.  Eu.  RiAsia,  in  the  government  ol 
Penza,  70  ra.  N,  W.  Penza.     Pop.  2,700. 

Narraganset  bay,  a  bay  of  R.  Island,  which  runs 
from  N.  to  S.  dividing  the  State  into  two  parts,  and 
communicates  with  the  ocean  between  Point  Ju- 
dith on  the  W.  and  Point  Seaconet  on  the  E.  It  is 
about  30  miles  long,  and  15  broad,  and  embraces 
several  very  considerable  islands.  The  north-east 
arm  of  the  bay  is  called  Mount  Hope  bay  ;  the  N. 
W.  arm,  Greenwich  bay  ;  and  the  northern  arm, 
Providence  bay.  The  principal  rivers  which  fall 
into  it  are  Providence  river  from  the  north,  and. 
Taunton  river  from  the  N.  E.     The  commission- 


496 


N  A  S 


ers  who  were  appointed  to  examine  the  coast  of 
the  United  States,  in  1817,  were  of  opinion 
that  this  bay  presented  the  best  site  for  a  naval 
depot  in  the  Union,  north  of  Chesapeake  bay.  It  is 
accessible  from  the  sea  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  ; 
it  affords  capacious  harbours,  can  be  entered  from 
the  ocean  in  a  few  hours'  sail ;  it  is  not  susceptible 
of  a  continued  blockade  ;  nor  is  it  obstructed  by 
ice. 

JVarraguagits,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  joining 
Machias  bay.     It  receives  a  river  of  the  same 


JVarraguagus,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on 
the  Narraguagus,  37  m,  W.  Machias. 

JVarrows,  The,  channel  between  Long  Island  and 
Staten  Island,  connecting  New- York  bay  with  the 
Atlantic,  9  m.  S.  New-York.  The  channel  is  1,905 
yards  wide,  and  is  defended  by  forts  and  batte- 
ries. 

JVarrows,  The,  strait,  about  3  miles  broad,  be- 
tween the  islands  of  Nevis  and  St  Christopher's, 
in  the  West  Indies. 

Narsingah,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  85°  20'  E. 
Lat.  20°  41'  N. 

JVarsingur,  t.  Bengal,  in  Midnapore.  Lon.  86" 
40°  E.  Lat.  22°  34'  N. 

Jiarsipoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Northern  Circars,  on  the 
Godavery,  about  10  miles  from  the  sea.  Lon.  81" 
50' E.  Lat.  16°  21' N. 

Narva,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  river  Narova,  83 
m.  W.  S.  W.  St.  Petersburg.     Pop.  3,600. 

JVarungpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Ganges,  nearly  opposite  Buxar. 

J^aruar,  district,  Hind,  in  Agra.  Narwar,  the 
capital,  is  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  the  Sinde  river,  and 
is  now  in  possession  of  Sindia.  Lon.  78°  12*  E.  Lat. 
25°  41'  N. 

JSTarym,  t.  A.  Russia,  on  the  Obi,  near  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Ket.  220  m.  N.  Tomsk.  Lat.  59° 
13' N. 

J^asas,  Rio,  r.  New  Spain,  in  Durango,  which 
empties  itself  into  the  Lake  Cayman. 

Nasbinals,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  28  m.  W.  by  N. 
Mende,     Pop.  1,600. 

JVasca,  t.  Peru,  with  a  fine  harbour,  190  m,  S.  E. 
Lima.     Lon.  75"  6'  W.  Lat.  14°  48'  S. 

JVascara,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  which 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  Squillace. 

Xaseby,  v.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  12^  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Northampton.     Pop.  598. 

Mash,  CO.  in  the  central  partof  N.C.  Pop.  7,268, 
including  2,897  slaves.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

JVashuan,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands,  Mass.  at 
the  mouth  of  Buzzard's  bay,  and  nort-west  of  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard. 

Nashua,  r.  which  rises  in  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
and  runs  into  the  Merrimack  at  Dunstable,  N.  H. 
Its  course  is  N.  N.  E.  40  miles. 

Nashville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Davidson  co.  Tennessee, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Cumberland  river,  275  m.  S.  W. 
Lexington,  620  S.  W.  Pittsburg,  200  W.  Knox- 
ville;  580  N.  W.  Charleston ;  430  N.  N.  E.  Natch- 
ez, 480  by  Gen.  Jackson's  road  N.  N.  E.  New-Or- 
leans. Lat.  36°  4'  N.  Lon.  87"  W.  It  is  situated 
in  the  midst  of  a  very  fertile  and  populous  coun- 
try, and  is  the  largest  and  most  flourishing  town  in 
the  State.  In  1810,  more  than  one  third  of  the 
population  of  Tennessee  was  included  within  a 
circle  of  30  miles  around  Nashville.  The  steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  New  Orleans. 
The  Cumberland  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  30  or 
10  torn  dtiring  the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and  in 


NAT 

the  highest  floods,  for  vessels  of  400  tons.  In  1818, 
the  town  contained  a  court-house,  jail,  market- 
house,  2  banks,  2  printing-offices,  several  manu- 
factories, and  upwards  of  3,000  inhabitants. 

Nashwactish,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  John,  in  lon.  66'  46'  W.  lat.  46°  4'  N. 

Nasielsk,  t.  Poland,  27  m.  N.  by  E.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,200. 

J\assau  was  formerly  the  name  of  several  prin- 
cipalities in  the  German  empire,  all  of  which  are 
now  united  under  one  head,  and  form  an  indepen- 
dent duchy  in  the  Germanic  confederation.  Its 
boundaries  are  tlie  Prussian  territory  on  the  Low- 
er Rhine,  and  the  different  states  of  the  princes  of 
Hesse.  It  lies  in  the  W.  of  Germany,  between  49° 
55' and  50°  49'  N.  Lat.  Area,  2,186  square  miles. 
Population  in  1818,  302,767.  Revenue,  176,000/. 
Army,  between  2,000  and  3,000  men.  "The  rivers 
are  the  Rhine  to  the  W.  the  Mame  to  the  S.  and  the 
Lahn  in  the  interior.  In  1814,  there  were  120 
Lutheran,  97Calvinist,  and  152  Catholic  church- 
es. The  prince  himself  was  a  Calvinist,  but  the 
two  protestant  parties  have  long  professed  the 
the  greatest  liberality  of  sentiment ;  and  in  Au- 
gust 18l7,they  agreed  to  lay  aside  their  distinctive 
appellations,  and  to  unite  in  one  body  under  the  ti- 
tle of  Evangelical  Christians. 

Nassau,  t.  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  on  the  Lahn. 
This  is  the  only  place  that  belongs  in  common  to 
the  king  of  the  Netherlands  and  the  duke  of  Nas- 
sau.    10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Limburg. 

Nassau,  or  Poggy  Islands,  chain  of  islands  ofl 
the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  at  the  distance  of  20  or 
30  leagues,  extending  from  lat.  T  18'  to  3"  16'  S. 
Pop.  about  1,400. 

Nassau,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  E.  Al 
bany.     Pop.  2,510. 

Nassau,  r.  Florida,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  in 
lon.  81°  42'  W.  lat.  30"  44'  N. 

Nassau,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  New  Provi- 
dence, one  of  the  Bahamas,  on  the  N.  part  of  the 
island. 

Nassau  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lat.  55"  39°  S. 

Nassau,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Surinam. 
Lon.  59°  30'  W.  Lat.  7"  40'  N. 

Nassau,  Fort,  fort,  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  on 
the  Scheldt,  between  Tolen  and  Bergen-op- 
Zoom. 

Nassenfuss,  t.  Austrian  States,  5  m.  N.  Rudolfs- 
werth. 

Nassogne,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  21  m.  S.  E. 
Dinant.  Pop.  900. 

Nassuck,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  belonging  to 
the  Mahrattas.    Lon.  73°  53'  E.  Lat.  19°  49'  N. 

Nastede,  t.  Germany,  in  tlie  duchy  of  Nassau,  15 
m.  S.  E.  Coblentz. 

Nata,  or  Santiago  de  las  CabalUros,  city,  S. 
America,  73  m.  S.  W.  Panama.  Lon.  80°  17'  W. 
Lat.  8°  21' 50"  N. 

Nata  Point,  or  Chaumu  Cape,  the  W.  point  of 
the  gulf  of  Panama. 

Nataama,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur.  Lon.  78°  48' 
E.  Lat.  20°  7'  N. 

Natachquoin,  r.  Labrador,  which  runs  into  the 
sea,  lon.  60°  45'  W.  lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Natal,  or  Natar,  a  Malay  settlement  on  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  Sumatra.     Lon.  98°  57'  E.  Lat.  32°  N. 

Natal,  r.  E.  Africa,  with  a  town  at  its  mouth,  in 
the  country  of  the  Tambookies.  The  town  is  in 
lon.  31°  30'  E.  Lat.  29°  56'  S. 

Natal,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  47°  5 
E.  Lat.  8°  30'  S, 


NAT 


N  A  U 


49? 


Katchaug,  r.  Ct.  which  joins  the  Shetucket  in 
Windham. 

J^alches,  city,  in  Adams  co.  Mississippi,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  Mississippi  river,  more  than  300  miles 
above  New-Orleans  by  the  course  of  the  river,  and 
156  by  land  ;  430  S.  S.  W.  Nashville.  Lat.  31"  33' 
N.  Lon.  91"  20'  W.  Pop.  in  1810,  1,311  ;  and  in 
in  1818,  about  2,500.  The  greater  part  of  the 
town  stands  on  a  bluff,  upwards  of  150  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  river.  The  houses  have  an  air 
of  neatness,  though  few  are  distinguished  for  size 
or  elegance.  There  is  a  considerable  inequality 
in  the  surface  of  the  hill,  which  prevents  hand- 
some streets.  Business  is  transacted  principally 
at  the  bottom  of  the  bluff,  on  the  margin  of  the  riv- 
er, where  there  is  a  large  eddy  v/hich  enables 
boats  to  land  with  safety  and  convenience.  Natch- 
ez is  fineij'  situated  for  a  commercial  depot.  The 
country  in  its  rear  consists  of  exceilent  cotton 
lands,  and  is  laid  out  in  extensive  plantations.  The 
income  of  the  first  planters  is  princely;  from  5,000 
to  30,000  dollars  per  annum.  Labour  is  perform- 
ed almost  exclusively  by  slaves.  The  town  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  bank,  with  a  capital  of 
3,000,000,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Roman  Catholics  and  1  for  Presbyterians. 

J\''atchitoches,  pronounced  Xakitosk,  p-t.  Natchi- 
toches CO.  Louisiana,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Red  river, 
200  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi, 
80  above  Alexandria,  200  N.  W.  New-Orleans,  in 
a  direct  line,  and  358  by  the  road,  722  S.  S.  W.  St. 
Louis.  Lat.  31"  46'  N.  Lon.  93"  W.  It  is  the 
largest  town  in  Louisiana  west  of  the  Mississippi. 
The  French  established  it  as  a  military  post  in 
1717,  and  about  one  third  of  the  inhabitants  at 
present  are  of  French  origin.  Before  the  revolu- 
tion in  Texas  in  1811,  it  was  the  centre  of  a  con- 
siderable trade  carried  on  between  Louisiana  and 
the  Spanish  provinces.  The  population  in  1818, 
was  estimated  at  more  than  600,  exclusive  of  the 
garrison. 

JValers,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  the  Valais,  32  m.  E. 
by  N.  Sion. 

JVa^icfc,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Charles 
river,  18  m.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  766. 

JVatistagoet  Harbour,  harbour  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.     Lon.  60"  55'  W.  Lat.  50°  6'  N. 

J^alividad,  t.  Brazil,  in  Goyas.  Lon.  31°  20^  W. 
Lat.  13"  30'  S. 

J^ativldad,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  244° 
eO'  E.  Lat.  27°  57'  N. 

JVatolia,  ov  Jlnatolia,  province,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Black  sea,  E.  by  Caramania, 
S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  W.  by  the  Archi- 
pelago and  the  sea  of  Marmora.  It  is  about  400 
miles  long  from  E.  to  VV.  and  350  in  its  greatest 
breadth.  The  soil  is  fertile,  producing  corn,  to- 
bacco, cotton,  and  fruits  of  various  kinds.  The 
majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  Mahometans,  but 
there  are  many  Greek  Christians.  Natolia,  in  a 
more  extensive  sense,  includes  Aladulia  and  Ca- 
ramania; and  with  this  extent  its  population  is  es- 
timated at  6,000,000, 

JVatradacotta,  t.  India,  in  Tinnevelly.  Lon.  78° 
lO'E.  Lat.8°46'N. 

JVatlore,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Attri 
liver.     Lon.  88°  55'  E.  Lat.  24°  25'  N. 

Natuna  Isle,  Great,  isl.  in  the  China  sea,  off  the 
N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lat.  4"  N. 

Nahmas  Isles,  JS^orth,  small  islands  in  the  China 
seas.     Lon.  109°  E.  Lat.  4"  45'  N. 

JVatunas  Isles,  South,  small  islands  off  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Borneo,    Lon .  109°  F.  Lat.  3°  >I. 

63 


JVatural  bridge.     See  Cedar  creek. 

J^atsa,  V.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gothe,  10  m.  S.by 
W.  Muhlhausen. 

Nava,  Cape,  cape  of  Naples,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Calabria,  4  m.  S.  S.  W.  Cape  Colona.  Lon.  17° 
28'  E.  Lat.  39°  2'  N. 

J^avace,  La,  small  isl.  in  the  West  Indies,  be- 
tween Jamaica  and  Hispaniola.  Lon.  74°  50'  W. 
Lat.  18°  23'  N. 

JYavacott,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  83°  27'  E. 
Lat.  28"  57'  N. 

JVavakara,  district,  Ceylon,  on  the  W.  coast, 
about  8°  N.  lat. 

JYaval,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  14  m.  N.  Balbas- 
tro. 

JVavalaise,  t.  Savoy,  6  m.  W.  Chamberry. 

JVaran,  t.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  7  m.  N.  E,  Trim, 
23  N.  W.  Dublin.     Lon.  6°  41'  W.  Lat.  53^  38'  N. 

Navarin,  ovAmrin,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  the  Morea.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
trade.  Its  port  is  the  largest  in  the  Morea,  and  is 
even  said  to  be  capable  of  containing  2,000  sail. 
72  m.  S.  W.  Argos,  88  S.  W.'Corinth.  Lon.  21° 
25'  E,  Lat.  37"  5'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

JVavarre,  province,  Spain,  bounded  by  France 
on  the  N.  E.  and  Old  Castile  on  the  S.  VV.  Area, 
2,474  sq.  miles.  Pop.  about  230,000.  The  chief 
town  is  Pampeluna.  There  are  ten  passes  bt^tween 
this  province  and  France,  but  only  two  or  three 
are  exempt  from  difficulty.  The  wine  of  Navarre 
is  in  general  of  good  quality.  The  other  produc- 
tions are  hemp,  filax,  fruit,  pulse,  and  a  little  oil. 
The  liquorice  called  Spanish  in  England,  is  chief- 
ly the  produce  of  Navarre. 

Kararre,  New,  formerly  a  province  of  Mexico, 
bounded  N.  by  a  country  unknown,  E.  by  New 
Mexico  and  New  Biscay,  S.  by  Culiacan,  and  W. 
by  the  gulf  of  California.  The  country  is  now 
divided  into  intendancies. 

Navarreins,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  9  m. 
N.  W.  Oleron.     Pop.  1,300. 

jXaucelle,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Rhodez.     Pop.  1,200. 

JVaiidersberg,  or  Nodrio,  v.  Tyrol,  near  the  Inn, 
13  m.  N.  Glurentz.     Pop.  1,100. 

JVave,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  VV.  coast  of  Galicia, 
a  little  N.  of  Cape  Finisterre.  Lon.  9°  20'  W, 
Lat.  42°  58'  N. 

Nareille,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  3  ra.  S. 
VV.  Vendome.     Pop.  1,300. 

Nauen,  t  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  22 
m.  N.  W.  Berlin.     Pop.  2,700. 

Naucnhof,  t.  Saxony,  8  m.  E.  Leipsic. 

JVaver,  r.  Scotland,  in  Sutherland,  which  runs 
into  the  ocean  at  the  bay  of  Torisdale. 

Jfavcs,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  3  m.  N.  TuUe^ 
Pop.  2,000. 

JVaugardl,  t.  Prussia,  in  Fomerania,  22  m,  N. 
Stargard.     Pop.  1,000. 

JVaugatuck,  r.  Ct.  which  flows  S.  and  joins  the 
Housatonnuc,  at  Derby,  to  form  Stratford  river. 

JVavia,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturias,  46  m.  VV.  N.  VV. 
Oviedo. 

Navigator'' s  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the 
South  Pacific  ocean,  about  ten  in  number,  be- 
tween 169"  and  172°  30'  W.  lon.  and  below  lat.  13° 
23'  S.  The  inhabitants  of  these  islands  are  repre- 
sented by  Perouse  as  remarkably  stout  and  well 
made.  The  fruit  trees  and  nutritious  roots  which 
grow  spontaneously  ai'ound  them,  ensure  them 
subsistence  without  labor. 

Kaumburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Merseburg, 
on  t^^e  Saalo,     The  inhabitants  carry  oa  sererdl 


498 


N  A  Z 


NED 


manufactures,  particularly  of  stockings,  gloves, 
caps,  leather,  soap,  starch,  and  gunpowder.  18  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Merseburg,  28  W.  S.  W.  Leipsic.  Lon. 
ir  40'  E.  Lat.  51"  8'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

JVaumburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  16  m. 
W.  S.  VV.  Cassel.     Pop.  1,500. 

KaumbuTg  on  the  ^ueiss,  t.  Prussian  states,  1 1 
m.  N.  W.  Lauenberg.     Pop.  1,000. 

J^ttutpore,  t.  Bengal,  in  Purneah.  Lon.  86°  58' 
E.  Lat.  26°  17' N. 

J^avy,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  48  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  56. 

JVavy  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  Jamai- 
ca. Lon.  76°  10'  W.  Lat.  18°  13'  N. 

JVavy  Island,  isl.  N.  Y.  in  the  river  Niagara, 
about  3  miles  in  circumference,  1 J  m.  above  the 
falls. 

Naxera,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  near  the  Ebro,  44 
m.  E.  by  N.  Burgos.     Pop.  3,000. 

Naxia,  or  J^axos,  isl.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Gre- 
cian archipelago.  Extent,  170  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
about  10,000,  mostly  Greeks.  5  m.  E.  of  the  isl. 
of  Paros.  Lon.  23°  2'  to  23°  19'  E.  Lat.  36°  56'  to 
37°  N.  JS'axia,  the  chief  town,  is  on  a  small  bay 
of  the  S.  coast.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  and  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop. 

JVay,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  9  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Pau.     Pop.  2,400. 

JVay,  t.  France,  in  Auvergne,  6  m.  W.  Le  Puy. 
Pop.  1,300. 

JVay,  or  Ae,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Cha- 
rente,  opposite  Cognac. 

JVayevwu,  t.  Bondou,  in  W.  Africa,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Fatteconda. 

J^ayland.     See  J^eyland. 

J^ayo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Celebes.^  Lon.  124°  24'  E.  Lat.  1° 
24' N. 

Nazaire,  t.  France,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Loire, 
33  m.  W.  Nantes.     Pop.  3,000. 

JVazareth,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders, 
near  the  Scheldt,  9  m.  S.  W.  Ghent.     Pop.  4,300. 

Nazareth,  village  of  Palestine,  celebrated  as 
the  residence  of  our  Saviour,  during  the  first 
thirty  years  of  his  life.  The  reverence  justly 
claimed  by  this  circumstance,  has  been  improved 
by  superstition,  into  the  means  of  extorting  large 
sums  of  money  from  the  pilgrims  to  the  Holy 
Land.  A  convent  has  been  founded,  containing 
about  14  friars  of  the  Franciscan  order.  The 
church  attached  to  it  is  erected  over  a  cave, 
which  is  asserted  to  have  been  the  residence  of 
the  Virgin  Mary.  In  this  cave  are  shewn  her 
kitchen  and  fire-place.  The  monks  shew  also  the 
workshop  of  Joseph,  and  the  precipice  where 
Christ  saved  himself  from  the  fury  of  the  multi- 
tude. Nazareth  now  forms  part  of  the  pachalic  of 
Acre;  and  the  oppression  of  Djezzar  Pacha  has 
reduced  it  to  a  wretched  state  of  indigence  and 
misery.     50  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Nazareth,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  At- 
lantic near  Cape  Lopez  Gonsalvo. 

Nazareth,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  10  m.  N. 
Bethlehem,  63  N.  by  W ,  Philadelphia.  It  is  regu- 
larly built,  and  contains  a  Moravian  school. 

Nazareth,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  town.?,  North- 
ampton CO.  Perm.     Pop.  535,  and  748. 

Nazelles,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  3  m.  N. 
Amboise.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nazim,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Obi  after  a  course  of  160  miles. 

Nazook,  large  lake  in  the  mountainous  part  of 
Armenia,  3  miles  long,  snd  5  broR(i 


Ne.    See  Nay. 

Neamutserai,t.  Afghanistan.  Lon.  71°  5©'E.  Lat- 
33°  3^  N. 

Neapolis,  in  Thrace.     See  Cavala. 

Neas.     See  Nias. 

Neath,  borough  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan  co.  a 
place  of  considerable  trade,  on  the  E.  bank  of  tb* 
Neath,  about  three  miles  from  the  Bristol  channel. 
In  the  neighbourhood  are  some  iron  forges,  exten- 
sive tin  works,  and  smelting  works  for  copper.  8 
m.  N.  E.  Swansea,  197  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  46' 
W.  Lat.  51"  39'  N.     Pop.  2,740. 

Neauphle  le  Chateau,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and- 
Oise,  23  m.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nebel,  r.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Mecklenburg,  which  falls  into  the  Warnow  near 
Schaen. 

Nebra,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Unstrut,  12 
m.  N.  W.  Naumburg,  4  S.  Querfurt.  Pop.  900. 

Nechori,  t.  Greece,  in  Magnesia,  9  m.  E.  Me- 
liais. 

Neckar,  r.  of  the  S.  W  of  Germany,  which  rises 
in  Wirtemberg,  at  the  foot  of  the  Black  Forest, 
near  the  source  of  the  Danube,  and  falls  into  the 
Rhine  at  Manheim. 

Neckar,  one  of  the  ten  circles  into  which  the 
grand  duchy  of  Baden  is  divided. 

Neckar,  Loiver,  Middle,  and  Upper,  three  depart-, 
ments  in  the  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg. 

Neckarau,  v.  Germany,  on  the  Rhine,  4  m.  S. 
Baden.     Pop.  1,000. 

Neckar-gardach,  v.  Wirtemberg,  near  Heilbron. 
Pop.  900. 

Neckar-gemund,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Neckar,  5  m. 
E.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2,100. 

Neckar-sfcinach,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darm- 
stadt, on  the  Neckar,  9  m.  E.  by  N.  Heidelberg. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Neckar-sulm,  t.  Wirtemberg,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Neckar  and  the  Sulm,  6  m.  N.  Heilbron. 
Pop.  2,050. 

Neckar-Waihingefi,  v.  Wirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar,  near  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  900. 

Necker  Islands,  islands  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  3  m.  from  Cape  Blanco.    Lat.  42°  50'  N . 

Necker  Isles,  small  islands  in  the  Pacific.  Lon. 
164°  32' W.  Lat.  23°  31' N. 

Neda,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  5  m.  E.  Ferrol. 

Neddeck,  a  mountainous  tract  in  N.  Africa,  70 
m.  W.  Augila. 

Neddick,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon. 
70°34'W.  Lat.  43°  8' N. 

Nederhrakel,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders, 
8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Oudenarde,  22  S.  Ghent.  Pop.  3,500. 

Nederkruchten,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  14 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Ruremonde.     Pop.  3,500. 

Nederweert,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  12  m. 
N.  W.  Ruremonde.     Pop.  3,600, 

Nedrigailou;  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Charkow,  114 
m.  N.  W.  Charkow.  Lon.  34°  20' E.  Lat.  50°  54' 
N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Nedsjed,  an  extensive  division  of  Arabia,  in- 
cluding nearly  all  the  central  parts  of  that  region, 
and  having  on  the  W.  Hedsjas  and  V emen,  on  the 
S.  Hadramaut,  on  the  E.  Lahsa  and  Ommon.  It 
is  composed  chiefly  of  vast  mountains  and  deserts. 
Many  parts  of  it,  however,  are  habitable,  and  cov- 
ered with  numerous  hordes  of  Bedouins. 

Nedsjeran,  a  little  principality  of  Yemen,  in 
Arabia,  three  days  journey  E.  N.  E.  of  Saade.  It 
is  well  watered,  abounds  in  corn  and  pasturage, 
and  particularly  in  dates.  It  has  a  capital  of  the 
same  name. 


N  E  G 


N  E  1 


499 


JVerf  TTotnas^s  Shoals^  rocks  in  the  Spanish 
Main,  on  the  Mosquito  shore.  Lon.  82°  14'  W.  Lat. 
14M'N. 

J^ecde,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  20  m.  E. 
Zutphen.     Pop.  2,000. 

JS'eedliam,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  on  Charles  river, 
opposite  Newtown.  1 1  m.  W.  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,097.  Here  is  a  perpendicular  fall  in  the  river 
of  20  feet,  at  which  several  valuable  mills  are 
erected. 

Needham  Market,  t.  Eng'.  in  Suffolk,  7  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Ipswich,  74  N.  E.  London.     Pop.  1,301. 

JVeedles,  cluster  of  pointed  rocks  on  the  coast  of 
England,  18  m.  from  Newport  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight. 

Ji'eeheehow.     See  Oneehow. 

JVeehb,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Indus,  belonging  to  the  Afghans.  Lon.  70*"  53'  E. 
Lat.  32"  50'  N. 

J^eelacunda,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Indus,  belonging  to  the  Afghans.  Lon.  71° 
49' E.  Lat.  32°  38' N. 

jYeelgound,  fort  and  district,  India,  in  Bejapore, 
belonging  to  the  British. 

A'eelgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  70°  53'  E. 
Lat.  26°  47'  N. 

Melgur,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  87"  10'  E.  Lat. 
21°  30''N. 

J\'eembucu,  t.  Paraguay,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Paraguay.  Lon.  58°  1 1' W.  Lat.  26°  52' S.  Pop. 
1,730. 

J^eembucu,  lake  of  Paraguay,  in  27°  S.  lat. 

J^eermul,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowletabad.  Lon.  79°  5'  E. 
Lat  19°  5'  N. 

JVeerumden,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant, 
16  m.  E.  Louvain.     Pop.  300. 

J^efia,  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  60  m.  S.  Gafsa. 

J^egada,  or  Anegada,  one  of  the  Caribbee  isl- 
ands in  the  West  Indies.  50  m.  N.  W.  Anguila. 
Lon.  63°  5'  W.  Lat.  18°  6'  N. 

JYegapatam,  s-p.  India,  in  Tanjore,  and  formerly 
capital  of  the  Dutch  possessions  on  the  coast  of 
Coromandel.  In  1783,  it  was  ceded  to  the  Brit- 
ish ;  since  which  period  the  fortifications  have 
been  neglected,  and  the  trade  transferred  to  other 
places ;  but  ships  frequently  stop  there  for  pro- 
visions and  water.  48  m.  E.  Tanjore,  Lon.  79" 
55'  E.  Lat.  10"  43'  N. 

J^egclstadt,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Muhlhausen.     Pop.  800. 

JS'egombo,  a  populous  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Cey- 
lon, very  advantageously  situated  for  carrying  on 
the  inland  trade.  The  vicinity  produces  a  great 
quantity  of  cinnamon  and  rice.  It  was  taken  with- 
out opposition  by  the  British  in  1796.  20  m.  N. 
Colombo.  Lon.  79"  49'  E.  Lat.  7°  19'  N.  Pop. 
15,000,  consisting  of  Malabars,  Cingalese,  and 
Portuguese,  chiefly  Mahometans  and  RomauCath- 
olics.  The  Wesleyan  Methodists  have  a  Missiona- 
ry here. 

JVegracka  River,  r.  U.  S.  which  falls  into  tlie  Ar- 
kansaw  from  the  N.  W.     It  is  100  yards  wide. 

J^egrais  Isle,  isl.  with  an  excellent  harbour,  at  the 
W.  mouth  of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  in  the  Birman 
empire.  The  W.  point  of  the  island,  called  Cape 
Negrais,  is  in  lon.  94°  14'  E.  lat.  16°  1'  N. 

J^egrar,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  near  the  Adige,  6  m. 
N.Verona.     Pop.  1,700. 

J^egrepelisse,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Aveyron, 
3  m.  N.  E.  Montauban.     Pop.  3,200. 

JVegril,  the  W.  head  of  the  island  of  Jamaica, 
consisting  of  two  points,  the  North  and  South.  ?, 


leagues  apart,  between  which  is  a  semicircular 
bay,  called  Ling  bay.  Lon.  78°  17'  W.  Lat.  18" 
27' N. 

Negrillos,  small  islancfe  near  the  coast  of  Peru. 
Lat.  4°  40'  S. 

Negro,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Minorca. 
Lon.  4°  18'  E.     Lat.  39°  53'  N. 

Negro,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Corsica. 
Lon.  8°  39'  E.    Lat.  41°  45'  N. 

Negro  creek,  r.  Illinois,  which  flows  into  the  E. 
side  of  Illinois  river,  about  80  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Negro  fork,  r.  Missouri,  a  branch  of  the  Mara- 
mec. 

Negro,  Rio,  a  large  and  navigable  r.  South 
America,  which  rises  in  the  Andes,  in  New  Gra- 
nada, and,  after  a  long  course,  falls  into  the  Ama- 
zons, in  lat.  3°  16'  S.  It  communicates  with  the 
Cassiquiari,  a  tributary  of  the  Orinoco. 

A'egro,  Rio,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  the 
Chilian  Andes,  and,  running  S.  E.  falls  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  41°  S. — 2d.  A  river  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  which  runs  S.  W.  and  joins  the  Uruguay. 
There  are  several  other  rivers  of  this  name  in  S. 
America. 

Negroland,  or  Nigr ilia,  an  appellation  by  which 
early  European  geographers  designated  almost  the 
whole  of  the  interior  and  southern  parts  of  Africa, 
inhabited  by  the  race  called  negroes.  As  a  more 
accurate  and  detailed  knowledge,  however,  has 
been  obtained,  this  vague  term  has  fallen  into  dis- 
use. 

Negroponte,  or  Egribos,  the  ancient  Eubcea,  a 
long  and  narrow  isf.  of  Greece,  extending  along 
the  E.  coast  of  Livadia,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  a  narrow  channel,  called  the  strait  of  Euripus. 
Pop.  60,000,  of  whom  more  than  three-fourths  are 
Gi'eeks.  Its  surface  is  covered  with  mountains, 
which  are  highest  towards  the  centre  of  the  isl- 
and. They  are  in  general  barren,  but  the  vallics 
and  plains  are  highly  productive.  Corn,  wine, 
fruit,  and  oil  are  all  cultivated  here.  The  pas- 
turages of  Euboea  have  been  in  repute  since  the 
time  of  the  ancients.  The  chief  minerals  are  mar- 
ble and  copper.  Lon.  23°  10'  to  24°  44'  E.  Lat. 
38°  to  39°  10.  N. 

Negropojite,  the  ancient  Calchis,  the  capital  of 
the  foregoing  island,  and  a  place  of  considerable 
size,  is  on  the  W.  coast,  and  connected  with  the 
continent  by  a  bridge,  the  strait  at  this  place  being 
only  200  feet  wide.  The  town  is  fortified,  and  has 
on  the  S.  side  a  port,  capable  of  containing  several 
hundred  vessels  in  perfect  safety.  28  m.  N.  Athens. 
Lon.  23"  33'  E.    Lat.  38°  31'  N.     Pop.  16,000. 

Negros,  one  of  the  Phillippine  islands,  abouf 
145  miles  long,  by  25  broad.  It  is  fruitful  in  rice., 
Lon.  122°  30'  E.    Lat.  10°  10'  N. 

Neguada,  or  Nekkade,  t.  Upper  Egypt,  4  m.  S. 
W.  kous. 

Nehavend,  or  Neh.anud,  t.  Irak,  in  Persia,  60  m, 
S.  Hamadan. 

Neheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  10m. 
N.  N.  W.  Arensbcrg!     Pop.  1,050. 

Neheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  14  m. 
N.  E.  Paderborn.     Pop.  800. 

Nehriralla,  t.  Hind,  and  formerly  capital  of  Gu- 
jerat.  It  now  belows  to  the  Mahratta  chief  called 
Guicowar.     Lon.  72"  30'  E.    Lat.  24°  25'  N. 

Nehimikeag,  isl.  Maine,  in  Kennebec  river,  14 
m.  above  Merrymeeting  bay. 

Neiha,  bay  on  Uie  S.  coast  of  St."  Domingo.  Lon- 
70°  56'  \y     Lat,  1C°  16'  N. 


500 


N  E  L 


N  E  P 


J^eibsheim,  v.  Baden,  14  m.  E.by  NvCarlsruhe. 
Pop.  900. 

JVeidenau,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Jaxt,  11  in.  N.  by  E. 
Heilbron.     Pop.  1,150. 

A''eidenburg,  t.  East  Prussia,  90  m.  S.  Konigs- 
berg.  Lon.  20°  25'  45"  E.  LaL  53°  19'  55"  N. 
Pop.  1,800. 

JS'eijjperg,  v.  Wirtemberg,  near  Heilbronn. 

JVeira,  one  of  the  Bauda  islands,  immediately 
N.  of  Great  Banda.     Lon.  130"  E.     Lat.  4°  31'  S. 

J^eisapoor.     See  JNtshapmir. 

JVeisse,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  government  of 
Oppeln,  on  the  river  Neisse,  and  the  chief  place 
of  a  principality  of  the  same  name.  It  is  one  of  the 
chief  fortresses  of  the  Prussian  states.  46  m.  S.  by 
E.  Breslau,  30  W.  Oppeln.     Pop.  nearly  8,000. 

JVeisse,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  Bohemia, 
and  falls  into  the  Oder. 

JVeithorpe,  v.  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire,  ^  mile  W.  N. 
W.  Banbury.     Pop.  1,332. 

JVeitra.    See  J^eutra. 

J^'eitsersoak,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland. 
Lon.  49°  10'  W;    Lat.  63°  22'  N. 

JVeiva,  province  of  New  Granada,  extending  80 
leagues  from  N.  to  S.  on  both  sides  of  the  river 
Magdalena.  Noiva,  the  capital  is  120  m,  N.  E. 
Popayan,  and  107  S.  W.  Santa  Fc.  Lon,  74°  16' 
W.    Lat.  3°  10' N. 

Nekouban,  Lake,  lake,  Canada,  24  m.  N.  W. 
Quebec.     Lon.  75°  W,    Lat.  49"  55'  N. 

^ellenhurg,  formerly  the  name  of  a  district  in 
Snabia,  with  the  title  of  a  landgraviate,  belonging 
to  Austria.  In  1806  it  was  ceded  to  Wirtemberg, 
and  came  afterwards  to  Baden  by  an  exchange. 
Area,  340  sq.  miles.     Pop.  nearly  30,000. 

JVe.'/iseram,  t.  India,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Canara. 
Lou.  75°  12' E.    Lat.  12°  16' N. 

jYelloor,  t.  India,  in  Carnatic.  Lon.  79°  55'  E. 
Lat.  14°  26'  N. 

J^elson,  t.  York  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio, S.  W.  of  York. 

j^elson,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  32 
m.  S.  by  W.  Quebec. 

Mlson,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  33  m.  S.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,076. 

J^tlsmi,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35  m.  S.  W.  Uti- 
ca.     Pop.  1,763. 

Mlson,  CO.  V^a.  Pop.  9,C84,  including  4,679 
tilaves. 

Mlson,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  14,078,  including  3,110 
slaves.     Bairdstown  is  the  chief  town. 

JVehon,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

Js^elsoti,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E.  Ra- 
venna.    Pop.  in  1815,  500. 

JVefcoji  Ferri/f  p-v.  S.  Carolina,  50  m.  N. 
Charleston. 

jXelson  Fort,  settlement,  N.  America,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  Hudson's  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Nel- 
son river,  250  m.  S.  E.  Churchill  Fort,  and  600  N. 
W.  Rupert's  Fort.    Lon.  92"  42'  W.   Lat.  57"12'  N. 

J^ehon,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ame- 
rica, in  Behra's  canal.  Lon.  229°  27'  E.  Lat.  55° 
15' N. 

JXelson' s  river,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  North 
America.  It  forms  the  outlet  of  Lake  Winnipeg, 
and  runs  into  Hudson's  bay  in  lon.  92°  46'  W.  lat. 
57°  2'  N.  Its  most  distant  source  is  the  Saskasha- 
win,  which  falls  into  Lake  Winnipeg,  The  whole 
length  is  about  1^500  miles. 

J^elso7mlle,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Hock- 
hocking,  14  m.  W.  Athens. 

Nelway,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  belonging  to  the 
MahrattL-.    Lou.  75"  35'  E.    Lat.  23°  14'  N. 


Xanaar,  district,  Hind,  in  Khandesh,  between 
21°  and  22°  N.  lat.     It  belongs  to  the  Mahrattas. 

Nemma,  village,  Greece,  in  the  N.  E.  of  the  Mo- 
rea,  near  which  the  Nemaean  games  were  cele- 
brated. 

Jfemahaw,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  falla 
into  the  Missouri  in  lat.  39°  55'  56"  N. 

Mmbro,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  4  m.  N.  E.  Bergamo. 
Pop.  2,400. 

J^emea.     See  St.  George. 

J^emerau,  or  Mmorow,  t.  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Strelitz,  6  m.  S.  W.  Stargard. 

Kemi,  V.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  14 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Rome. 

J^emours,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  on  the 
river  Loing  and  the  canal  of  Briare.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle. Pop.  3,800.  Leather  is  manufactured  here  in 
considerable  quantities.  It  was  the  scene  of  an 
action  between  the  French  and  Austrians,  Febru- 
ary 16th  1814.  11  m.  S.  Fontainbleau,  52  S.E. 
Paris. 

J^en,  r.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  which  falls 
into  the  Lincolnshire  Washes.  It  communicates 
by  several  channels  with  the  river  Ouse. 

JVenagh,  t  Ireland,  in  Tipperary,  19  m.  N.  E. 
Limerick. 

JVetiortolik,  isl.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Greenland. 
Lon.  45°  W.    Lat.  59°  54' N. 

J^enslingen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  26  m.  S.  E.  An- 
spach.     Pop.  800. 

Jifeograd,  or  Nograd-Varmegye,  county  in  the 
N.  W.  of  Hungary.     Pop.  164,000. 

J^eola,  kingdom  of  W.  Africa,  on  the  N.  of  the 
Gambia,  having  Tenda  on  the  W.  Dentila  on  the 
E.  and  Bambouk  on  the  N. 

Jfeola  Koha,  r.  Africa,  which  fills  into  the  Gam- 
bia, in  lon.  12'  23'  W.  lat.  12°  40'  N. 

J^eominas,  r.  Peru,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific, 
inlat.  4°30'N. 

Neoundah,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  E,  bank  of 
the  Irrawuddy.     Lon.  94"  35'  E.    Lat.  21°  10'  N. 

JS'epaktos.     See  Lepanto. 

Jsepanose,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  brandi 
of  the  Susquehannah.     Pop.  298. 

J^epaul,  a  long  but  narrow  kingdom  of  Northern 
Hindostan,  bounded  N.  by  the  great  range  of  Him- 
maleh  mountains,  S.  by  the  provinces  of  Bahar, 
Oude,  and  Delhi,  and  E.  by  Bootan.  The  valley 
of  Nepaul  proper,  from  whence  the  kingdom  takes 
its  name,  is  nearly  of  an  oval  figure ;  its  greatest 
length  from  N.  to  S.  being  12  miles,  by  9  in  the 
greatest  breadth.  On  the  N.  and  S.  it  is  bounded 
by  lofty  mountains.  This  small  tract  is  very  pop- 
ulous, and,  besides  the  capital,  Catamandoo,  ie 
filled  with  villages.  This  valley,  although  be- 
tween 27°  and  28°  N.  lat.  is  so  elevated  that  it  en- 
joys an  Fluropean  climate.  The  soil  is  productive. 
The  mountains  contain  mines  of  copper  and  iron; 
and,  although  commerce  is  not  encouraged,  it 
sends  to  Bengal,  ivory,  wax,  honey,  rezin,  timber, 
&c. ;  and  takes  in  return  muslins  and  silks  of 
Bengal,  carpet?,  spices,  tobacco,  and  European 
goods.  The  government  is  despotic,  aad  the  rajah 
is  considered  as  the  proprietor  of  the  soil.  The 
prevailing  religion  is  the  Hindoo.  The  Brahmins 
of  .Nepaul  are  very  numerous,  and  deeply  skilled 
in  Sanscrit  lore.  One  of  the  libraries  is  said  to 
contain  15,000  volumes  in  that  language. 

In  1792,  this  country  was  invaded  by  the  Chi- 
nese, and  became  tributary  to  the  emperor.  In  Oct. 
1801,  a  commercial  treaty  was  concluded  between 
the  Nepaulese  and  the  Bengal  government.  In 
1814,  this  country  was  successfully  invaded  by 


N  E  R 


NET 


501 


ilii  British,  and  a  portion  of  it  was  ceded  to  the 
conquerors.  In  1816,  the  war  was  renewed  with 
still  greater  success.  It  was  stipulated  that  a 
British  resident  should  be  established  at  Cata- 
mandoo,  the  capital.  This  resident  has  since 
formed  a  commercial  treaty  with  the  Nepaulese 
government,  equally  advantageous  to  the  subjects 
of  both  states.  The  British  territories  now  extend 
to  the  borders  of  Thibet,  and  it  is  expected  that 
a  vent  will  be  opened  for  an  extensive  sale  of 
woollen  cloths  and  other  manufactures. 

JVepean,  t.  Carleton  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Ottawa 
river. 

Nepean  Island,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Norfolk  island.  It 
serves  as  a  place  of  transportation  to  the  refractory 
convicts  of  Norfolk  island. 

J^epean,  Point,  point  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  144°  38'  E.    Lat.  38°  18'  S. 

J^epean  Sound,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.   Lon.  127°  30'  W.    Lat.  53°  32'  N. 

JVcpi,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  23  m.  N.  N.  W.  Rome.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Nepisingui,  lake,  Up.  Canada,  connected  with 
Lake  Huron  by  French  river,  25  leagues  long. 
It  is  computed  to  be  12  leagues  long,  and  15  miles 
wide. 

N'epomuck,  t.  Bohemia,  56  m.  S.  W.  Prague,  16 
E.  N.  E.  Klattau.     Pop.  900. 

Jfeponstt,  r.  Mass.  which  flows  into  Boston  har- 
bour. It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  150  tons  4 
miles,  to  Milton. 

J^eponset,  v.  partly  in  Dorchester  and  partly  in 
Milton,  Mass.  on  both  sides  of  the  Neponset,  6  m. 
S.  of  Boston.  Pop.  500.  It  contains  a  number  of 
mills  and  manufactures. 

JVem,  r.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  States,  which 
falls  into  the  Tiber  opposite  Otta. 

Kerac,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  on  the 
Baise,  70  ra.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  5,600. 

J^erbuddah,  r.  Hind,  which  rises  in  the  province 
of  Gundwaneh,  and  running  in  a  westerly  direc- 
tion, through  the  provinces  of  Khandesh,  Malwah, 
and  Gujerat,  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Cambay. 

JVerechta,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  river  Nerechta, 
Vhich  falls  into  the  Wolga,  26  m.  S.W.  Kostroma. 

Mresheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  6  m.  S.  S.W.  Nord- 
lingen.     Pop.  1,000. 

Aeresi,  t.  of  the  island  of  Brazza,  on  the  coast  of 
Austrian  Dalmatia. 

Jferelo,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  36  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Aquila.     Pop.  1,600. 

Nerike,  a  province  of  the  central  part  of  Swe- 
den, surrounded  by  the  Westraannland,  Warme- 
land,  East  and  West  Gothland,  and  Sundermann- 
land.  Area,  1,800  sq.  miles.  Pop.  55,000.  It 
now  forms  part  of  the  government  of  Orebro. 

NerinjepeUah,  t.  India,  in  Coimbetoor.  Lon. 
77°50'E.    Lat.  ir35'N.  ^ 

JVem,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  4  m.  S.  E.  Montlu- 
<;on.     Pop.  1,200. 

JVcronrfo,  t.  France,  24  m.W.  Lyons.   Pop.  1,100. 

Nerondes,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  17  m.  E.  Bourges. 
Pop,  1,300. 

Jfertscha,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the 
Amour  near  Nertschink. 

Nertschink,  t  A.  Russia,  on  the  government  of 
Irkoutsk,  on  the  Chinese  frontier.  At  one  time 
the  caravans  destined  for  the  trade  with  China 
passed  through  this  town ;  but  since  they  have 
gone  by  the  way  of  Selinginsk,  the  importance  of 
this  place  is  much  decayed.  The  district  is  now 
-chiefly  distinguished  by  the  mines  of  lead  and  sil- 


ver which  are  worked  by  the  crown,  who  employ 
in  them  the  unfortunate  persons  banished  into  this 
remote  part  of  the  empire.  Lon.  116°  44'  E.  Lat. 
51°56'N.     Pop.  2,000. 

J^ervi,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  sea-coast,  6  m, 
E.  S,  E.  Genoa. 

Kerviano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Nerviettx,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  12  m.  N.  Mont* 
brison.     Pop.  1,300. 

Aesa,  t.  Kharasm,  100  m.  N.  Meached. 

Nesbit,  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Duke 
of  York's  island,  in  the  Duke  of  Clarence's  strait. 
Lon.  227°  26'  E.    Lat.  56°  15'  N. 

JVesbitt^s  iron  works,  p-v.  Spartanburg  district, 
S.C. 

JVeschin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  government  of 
Czernigov,  on  the  river  Oster,  49  m.  S.  S.  E.  Czer- 
nigov.     Pop.  16,000. 

J^escopeck,  r.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  in  lat.  41°  3'  N.  At  its  mouth 
there  is  a  fall. 

J^escopeck,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Nescopeck  with  the  Susquehannah,  40  m. 
N.  E.  Northumberland.     Pop.  460. 

iN'tshaminy,  r.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware,  6  m.  below  Bristol. 

JVeshannock,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  700. 

J^esle,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  10  m.  S.  Peronne, 
25  E.  Amiens.     Pop.  1,700. 

J^ess,  r.  Scotland,  which  issues  from  Loch  Ness, 
and  falls  into  the  Murray  frith  at  Inverness. 

JVess,  Loch,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Scotland,  in  In- 
verness-shire, 22  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2i  broad. 
It  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Murray  frith  by 
the  river  Ness. 

JVessa,  or  JVesserhiTid,  isl.  Germany,  in  the  Dol- 
lart.     Lon.  6°  59' E.    Lat.  53"  10' N. 

J^esse,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Werra,  5 
m.  N.  W.  Eisenach. 

JVessehcang,  t.  Bavaria,  11  m.  S.  E.  Kempten. 
Pop.  1,200. 

J^eston,  or  Great  Mston,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  on 
the  N.  bank,  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Dee.  1 1 
m.  N.  W.  Chester,  192  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon. 
3°  3'  W.    Lat.  63°  17'  N.     Pop.  1,332. 

Nestved,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
44  m.  S.  S.  W.  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1,500. 

Netchez,  r.  Texas,  which  flows  into  the  W.  side 
of  the  Sabine,  at  the  expansion  near  its  mouth. 

J\''ethe,  Great  and  Little,  two  small  rivers  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Antwerp,  which  unite  N.  E.  of 
Lierre.  The  united  stream  becomes  navigable, 
and  bears  the  name  of  Ruppel,  till  it  falls  into  the 
Scheldt. 

Jfelherlands,  a  kingdom  of  the  central  part  ol 

Europe,  constituted  in  1814,  and  consisting  of  17 

provinces  (7  Dutch  ami  10  Belgic,)  along  with 

the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemberg.      It  extends  from 

49"  30'  to  53°  34'  N.  lat.  and  from  2°  30'  to  6°  58' 

E.  lon.     It  is  bounded  W.  and  N.  by  the  German 

ocean,  S.  by  France,  and  E.  by  Hanover  and  the 

Prussian  territories  of  the  Lower  Rhine.     Extent, 

24,400  square  miles.     Its  population  is  as  follows  : 

Holland,  7.50,000 

East  Flanders,  602,000 

West  Flanders,  521,000 

Hainault,  431,000 

South  Brabant,  366,000 

Liege,  355,000 

Limburg,  293,000 

North  Brabant,  252,000 

Antwerp,  250,000 

5,175,000 


Gelderland, 

244,000 

Luxemberg, 

226,000 

Friesland, 

177,000 

Namur, 

157,000 

Overyssel, 

148,000 

Groningen, 

136,000 

Zealand, 

112,000 

Utrecht, 

108,000 

Drenthe, 

47,000 

502 


NET 


In  the  northern  or  Dutch  provinces,  there  arts 
neither  mountains  nor  hills.  The  country  is  a 
vast  marshy  plain,  intersected  in  all  directions  by 
a»  infinity  of  canals  and  ditches.  The  southern  pro- 
vinces exhibit  a  great  variety  consisting  of  woods, 
meadows,  and  corn  fields,  undulating  plains,  and 
gentle  eminences.  The  soil  of  the  Netherlands  is 
in  general  fruitful,  the  Dutch  part  affording  rich 
pasture,  while  the  Belgic  part,  especially  Flan- 
ders, abounds  with  excellent  corn  land. 

The  universities  are  six  in  number,  viz.  the  well 
known  ones  of  Leyden,  Utrecht,  and  Groningen  ; 
Louvain  also,  an  old  university,  suspended  for  a 
time,  but  re-established  by  a  royal  edict  of  25th 
Sept.  1816,  which  also  instituted  two  new  univer- 
sities, Ghent  and  Liege.  There  is  a  military 
school  at  Dort,and  a  naval  school  at  Helvoetsluys. 

The  established  religion  of  the  northern  prov- 
inces is  the  Calvinist ;  but  as  toleration  has  been 
so  long  prevalent,  religious  sects  of  every  descrip- 
tion are  to  be  found  there.  In  the  Belgic  provin- 
ces the  inhabitants  are  principally  Catholics,  and 
taking  the  whole  kingdom  together,  more  than  two 
thirds  of  the  whole  population  are  Catholics. 

The  constitution  of  the  Netherlands  dates  only 
from  1814,  and  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  that  of 
Great  Britain.  The  possession  of  all  executive 
power  by  the  king,  the  inviolability  of  his  per- 
son, the  responsibility  of  his  ministers,  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  cabinet  and  privy  council,  but 
above  all,  a  double  house  of  parliament,  are  stri- 
king features  of  resemblance.  The  chief  difference 
is  in  the  existence  of  provincial  states,  or  assem- 
blies charged  with  a  variety  of  important  local  du- 
ties, such  as  the  care  of  the  roads  and  bridges, 
of  religious  worship,  of  charitable  institutions,  of 
the  execution  of  tlie  laws,  of  the  expenditure  of  the 
local  magistrate?,  and  in  particular  with  the  elec- 
tion of  the  membei-s  of  the  commons  house  of  par- 
liament. This  approximation  to  the  federal  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  of  America,  is  owing 
to  the  long  existence  of  provincial  powers  and  usa- 
ges, particularly  among  the  Dutch.  The  number 
of  members  of  the  lower  house  is  110,  and  the  pro- 
portion returned  by  the  Dutch  and  Belgians  is 
equal,  notwithstanding  the  difference  in  popula- 
tion. These  representatives  are  renewed  by  a 
third  annually.  The  members  of  the  upper  house 
are  named  by  the  king  for  life  :  their  titles  are  not 
hereditary.  In  the  Netherlands,  as  in  France,  no 
bills  can  be  brought  into  parliament  by  the  oppo- 
sition ;  all  motions  for  the  purpose  of  making  laws 
require  the  sanction  of  the  crown.  This  precau- 
tion is  deemed  necessary  in  a  new  and  unsettled 
government.  The  liberty  of  the  press  exists  near- 
ly as  in  England  ;  and  there  are  no  political  dis- 
qualifications on  account  of  religious  tenets.  The 
judges  are  appointed  by  the  king,  on  the  presenta- 
tion either  of  parliament,  or  the  provincial  states. 
They  hold  their  places  for  life.  The  royal  power 
is  vested  in  the  family  of  Nassau-Orango.  The  ti- 
tle is,  "king  of  the  Netherlands,  prince  of  Orange, 
and  grand  duke  of  Luxemburg;"  in  the  last  capa- 
city, he  is  a  member  of  the  Germanic  confedera- 
tion. 

The  annual  expenditure  of  the  Netherlands  is 
nearly  7,000,000^  sterling,  and  the  revenue  has, 
since  1819,  been  the  same.  The  navy  costs  only 
500,000/.  a-year ;  the  army  2,500,000/. ;  the 
church  establishments.  Catholic,  Protestant,  and 
sectaries,  about  270,000/.  ;  but  the  great  pressure 
arises,  as  in  Britain,  from  the  interest  of  the  na- 
tional debt.    That  deH  amounts  to  140.000,000/. ; 


N  E  V 

but  the  interest  does  not  much  exceed  3,000,000  /. 
sterling. 

The  army  amounts  in  peace  to  about  50,000 
regulars.  The  marine  consists  at  present  of  only 
12  sail  of  the  line,  and  twice  as  many  frigates. 

The  Dutch  colonies  are,  1st,  in  Asia,  Java,  with 
the  lesser  governments  of  Amboyna,  Banda,  Ter- 
nate,  Malacca,  and  Macassar,  as  well  as  the  facto- 
ries in  Coromandel  and  Persia.  2.  In  Africa,  13 
small  forts  on  the  coast  of  Guinea.  3.  In  the  West 
Indies,  the  colony  of  Surinam  on  the  mainland, 
and  the  islands  of  Curacao,  St.  Eustatius,  and  St. 
Martin.  The  union  of  Belgium  and  Holland  into 
one  independent  state  took  place  in  1814.  This 
union  has  not  yet  obtained  the  cordial  acquiescencf 
ofthe  majority  of  the  Belgians ;  but  time  can  hard- 
ly  fail  to  show  them  its  advantages.  See  Hol- 
land. 

J^ethy,  r.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire,  which 
falls  into  the  Spey,  3  m.  S.  E.  Grantown. 

JVetophah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Palestine,  be- 
tween Bethlehem  and  Anathoth. 

JVe.lravutti/,  r.  India,  in  South  Canara,  which 
runs  into  the  lake  of  Mangalore,  and  then  disem- 
bogues into  the  sea.  It  is  navigable  by  boats  for 
20  or  30  miles. 

Netsbuckloke,  or  Sandwich  bay,  bay  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  57°  30'  W.  Lat.  53" 
45' N. 

J^elle,  or  J^etha,  r.  Prussian  states,  which  falls 
into  the  Weser,  3.  m.  S  Corvey. 

Keltolicsy  or  J^eltoliczy,  t.  Bohemia,  6  m.  E. 
Prachatitz,  72  S.  Prague.     Pop.  1,700. 

Ketiuno,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
on  the  sea  coast,  30  m.  S.  S.  E.  Rome. 

JVc^s,  or  Jfotec,  r.  which  rises  in  Poland,  and 
falls  into  the  Wartha,  above  Landsberg. 

J^eva,  r.  Ru.^sia,  which  issues  from  the  great  lake 
Ladoga ;  and  after  a  course  of  about  35  miles  to 
the  westward,  empties  itself  into  the  gulf  of  Fin- 
land, below  St.  Petersburg,  by  three  mouths. 
Though  its  course  is  so  short,  the  river  is  from  300 
to  400  yards  wide,  and  from  10  to  15  feet  deep, 

J^'evada,  or  Sierra  J^evada,  i.  e.  (he  Snowy  Range, 
a  well  known  chain  of  mountains  in  the  S.  of 
Spain.  It  branches  off  from  the  great  Iberian 
chain,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Sierras  de  Filabres 
and  Algamilla,  runs  through  Granada  and  Andar 
lusia  from  E.  to  W.  and  terminates  on  the  shores 
of  the  Mediterranean,  in  several  promontories,  of 
which  that  of  Gibraltar  is  the  most  remarkable. 
The  loftiest  peak  is  13,600  feet. 

JVcubourg,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  1 1  ra.  N.  \V.  Ev- 
reux.     Pop.  1,500. 

JS'euburg,  called  also  the  Youngs  Palalinalc, 
formerly  a  duchy  of  the  German  empire,  contain- 
ing 1,080  sq.  miles,  and  102,000  inhabitants.  It 
is  now  included  in  the  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Up- 
per Danube  and  the  Regen. 

JVeubursr,  t.  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 11  m':  W.  Ingolstadt.  Lon.  11°  11'  E.  Lat. 
48°  44'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

J^euburg.  See  Kloster-JV'cuburg ;  also  Kom- 
Neuburg. 

JVeudamm,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg, 
11  m.  N.  by  E.  Custrim,  60  E.  N.  E.  Berlin.  Pop. 
2,200. 

J^eudeek,  t,  Bohemia,  10  m.  N.  W.  Carlsbad. 
Pop.  1,400. 

jVeudenau,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Jaxt,  11  m.  N.  by 
E.  Heilbron.     Pop.  1,100. 

JVci'e/,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  53  m.  N.  N.  W.  Vitep^k, 
Pop.  2,000. 


N  E  U 

JS'evele,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  8  m. 
W.  by  S.  Ghent.     Pop.  3,200. 

Neuenburgy  or  J^oive,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Vistula, 
10  m.  S.  W.  Marienwerder.     Pop.  1,800. 

Muenburg,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  15  m.  S. 
Old  Brisach.     Pop.  800. 

NeiienbuTgy  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Enz,  26  m. 
W.  Stutgard.     Pop.  1,700. 

J^euen-Kalden,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  30  m.  S.  E.  Rostock.     Pop.  1,300. 

J^euenkirchen,  t.  Prussian  states,  16  m.  W.  N. 
W,  Paderborn.     Pop,  1,200. 

Muenkirchen,  t.  Hanover,  5  m.  S.  W.  Otten- 
dorf.    Pop.  1,100. 

J^euen-OUing.     See  Oetiingy  J^ew. 

JVeiienrade,  t.  Prussian  states,  7  m.  S.  Iserlohn. 
Pop.  1,500. 

JVeuenstadt,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  10 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Oehringen.     Pop.  1,250. 

JS'euenstein,  t.  Wirtemberg,  3  m.  E.  Oehringen. 
Pop.  1,400. 

JVet'erburg,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  19  m.  N.  N.  W.  Treves.     Pop.  1,300. 

J^everi,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  which  runs 
into  the  sea  between  the  cities  of  Barcelona  and 
C  umana. 

j^evers,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Nievre,  on  the  Loire, 
where  that  river  is  joined  by  the  Nievre.  It  has 
manufactures  of  glass,  plate,  hardware,  earthen- 
ware, and  enamel.  The  neighbourhood  has  iron 
mines,  and  a  number  of  forges  ;  also  foundries  for 
cannon,  cannon-balls,  and  anchors.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop.  30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Moulins,  116  N.  W. 
Lyons.     Lon.  3'  9'  E.  Lat  46°  59'  N.  Pop.  12,000. 

JVetcrsink.  or  J^avesink,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  953. 

JVemrsink,  r.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware. 

J^eversink  hills.     See  J^avesink. 

JVeufbourg.     See  JVeuboiirg. 

Neufchateau,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  28  m.  S.  W. 
Nancy.     Pop.  2,700. 

J^aif chateau,  t.  Netherlands,  in  the  grand  duchy 
of  Luxemburg,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Luxemburg. 
Pop.  1,300. 

JVeufchatel,  a  canton  in  the  W.  of  Switzerland, 
bounded  by  the  canton  of  Bern,  the  lake  of  Neuf- 
<;hatel,  the  Pays  de  Vaud,  and  a  part  of  the  fron- 
tier of  France.  Ex^it,  340  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
50,000.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  linen  and 
woollen,  lace,  and  stockings ;  also  of  watches  and 
other  works  in  metal.  The  inhabitants,  except 
about  2,000,  are  Protestants.  Their  language  is 
French.  In  1707,  on  the  extinction  of  the  reign- 
ing family,  the  State  acknowledged  the  claims  of 
the  king  of  Prussia  to  the  sovereignty.  In  1807, 
by  the  treaty  of  Tilsit,  it  was  ceded  by  Prussia  to 
Ji'rance,  and  given  by  Bonaparte  to  marshal  Ber- 
thier.     In  1814,  it  was  restored  to  Prussia. 

Meufchatel,  cap.  of  the  foregoing  canton,  is  on 
the  lake  of  Neufchatel.  It  has  manufactures  of 
P'rinted  cottons  and  linens.  50  m.  N.  E.  Lausanne, 
25  W.  Bern.     Lon.  T  E.     Lat,  47"  5'  N.     Pop. 

e,ooo. 

JVeufchatel,  Lake  of,  in  the  N.  W.  of  Switzer- 
land, between  the  canton  of  that  name  and  the 
canton  of  Friburg.  It  is  about  20  miles  long,  and 
4  broad.  Its  waters  flow  through  the  small  lake 
of  Bienne  into  tlie  Aar,  and  eventually  into  the 
Rhine. 

JVeufchatel,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  26  m. 
N.  E.  Rouen.     Pop.  2,900. 


N  E  U 


563 


JVoufeld,  t  Austrian  states,  on  the  river  Muhl, 
17  m.  N.W.Lintz. 

JYeuffen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  17  m,  S,  S.  E.  Stut- 
gard.    Pop.  1,500. 

JVeufren,  t  Germany,  in  HohenzoUern,  10  xA. 
N.  Sigmariugen.     Pop.  900. 

Neuhaus,  or  Gindrzichu  Hradicz,  t  Bohemia, 
68  m.  S.  S,  E.  Prague.     Pop.  5,200. 

Jfeuhaus,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  duchy  of  Bremen, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Oste  into  the  Elbe,  18  m.  W, 
Gluckstadt.     Pop.  1,500. 

JVeuhaus,  t.  Prussian  states,  where  the  Pader 
and  Alme  fall  into  the  Lippe,  2  m.  N.  N.  E.  Pader- 
born.    Pop.  1,500. 

Neuhausely  t.  Hungary,  48  m,  E.by  S.  Presbnrg. 

Keuhausen,  v.  Switz.  8  m.  W.  by  S.  Schaff- 
hausen, 

Neuhof,  V.  Hesse-Cassel,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fulda. 

JVevillu,  p-v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Neuille,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  14  m. 
N.  W.  Tours.     Pop.  1,800. 

JVeuilly,  v.  France,  3  m,  N.  W,  Paris.  It  is  sit- 
uated on  the  Seine,  and  gives  name  to  the  N.  W. 
entrance  into  the  capital.     Pop.  2,500. 

Neuilly  le  Real,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  9  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Moulins.     Pop.  1,200, 

JVeuilly  VEveque,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  9 
m.  N.  by  E.  Langres.     Pop.  1,000. 

JS'eiiilly  St.  Front,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Chateau-Thierry.     Pop.  1,800. 

JVeviVs  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  shore  of  Hudson's 
bay.     Lon.  94"  W.  Lat.  61"  58'  N. 

JVevilsville,  p-t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  21  m.  W.  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1815,  200. 

JVeins,  or  JVievii,  isl.  of  the  West  Indies,  belong- 
ing to  the  English.  It  is  a  beautiful  spot,  and  lit- 
tle more  than  a  single  mountain,  whose  base  is  23 
miles  in  circumference.  It  is  well  watered,  and 
in  general  fertile,  producing  on  an  average  one 
hogshead  of  sugar  per  acre,  and  about  4,000 
hogsheads  in  the  whole.  Lon.  62"  35'  W.  Lat. 
17°  14' N.  Pop.  16,000,  of  whom  6,000  are  whites, 
and  10,000  negroes. 

JVeukirchen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  electorate  of 
Hesse,  31  m.  S.  Cassel.     Pop.  1,600. 

JS''eukirchen,  or  Mark  JVeukirchen,  t.  Saxony,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Plauen.     Pop.  1,400. 

Keukirchen,  t.  Bavaria,  40  m.  E.  N.  E.  Ratisbon, 
14  E.  by  N.  Cham.     Pop.  1, 100. 

JSTeuler,  v.  Wirtemberg,  35  m.  N.  Ulm.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Xeumagen,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Moselle,  11  m.  E.  N.  E.  Treves. 
Pop.  1,100. 

JVeumark,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  on  the 
Adige,  19  m.  N.  N.  E.  Trent. 

JVeicmarkt,  t.  Bavaria,  19  m.  S.  E.  Nuremberg. 
Pop.  2,400. 

JVeumarkt,  t.  Bavaria,  43  m,  E.  N.  E.  Munich^ 
Pop.  900. 

JVewnarkt,  t.  Prussian  states,  21  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Breslau.     Pop.  2,100. 

A'eumarkt,  or  Tersezh,  t.  Austrian  states,  16  m. 
S.  Clagenfurt. 

JVeumunster,  t.  Holstein,  18  m.  S.  W.  Kiel,  28 
N.  Hamburgh,     Pop,  1,500. 

JVeundorf,  Langen,  v.  Prussian  states,  5  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1,000, 

JVeunkirchen,  t.  Austria,  35  m.  S.  by  W.  Vienna , 
Pop.  3,000. 

Neurtsche  or  Nowarzisse,  t.  Austrian  state?,  m 
Moravia,  42  m,  W,  Brunn.     Pop.  900. 


304 


N  E  U 


Jfeurodu,  t.  Prassian  states,  13  m.  JNi.  Glatz. 
Pop.  3,000. 

J^eusatz,  t.  Prussian  states,  22  m.  N.  W.  Glogau. 
Pop.  1,700. 

J^feiaatz,  or  Jfeo-Planla,  or  Uj-Fidek,  t.  Hun- 
:^ry,  in  the  palatinate  of  Bacs,  on  the  Danube. 
Lon.  19"  52'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N.     Pop.  13,400. 

J^euse,  r.  N.  C.  rises  near  Hillsborough,  in  the 
northern  part  ©f  the  State,  and  after  a  S.  E.  course 
of  more  than  500  miles,  falls  into  Pamlico  Sound, 
70  m.  below  Newbern.  It  is  navigable  for  sea 
vessels  12  m.  above  Newbern,  and  for  boats  200. 

JVeusiedler-See,  or  Fertoe,  lake,  in  the  W.  of 
Hungary,  about  30  miles  long,  and  10  broad. 

J^eusoh],  or  Besztercse-Banya,  t.  of  the  N.  W. 
of  Hungary,  on  the  rivers  Gran  and  Bistricz.  In 
the  neighborhood  are  extensive  copper  mines,  and 
the  town  contains  a  manufactory  of  sword  blades. 
100  m.  E.  N.  E.  Presburg,  86  N.  Pest.  Lon.  19° 
9'  E.  Lat.  48°  45'  N.     Pop.  10, 100. 

Jietas,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Berg  and  Cleves, 
on  the  Erfft,  near  its  influx  into  the  Rhine,  3  m. 
S.  W.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  5,400. 

Jftustadt,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick. Here  are  the  productive  salt-works  of 
Juliushall,  belonging  in  common  to  Brunswick 
and  Hanover,  Pop.  1,000.  5  m.  E.  by  S.  Goslar, 
25  S.  Brunswick. 

.N'ewtadt,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  13  m.  E.  Marpurg. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Xeustadt,  t.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  18  m.  S. 
by  E.  Schwerin.     Pop.  1,000. 

J^'eustadt,  t.  Poland,  90  m.  E.  Konigsberg.  Pop. 
2,300. 

J^eustadty  t.  Prussian  states,  57  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bre*- 
lau.     Pop.  3,700. 

Jfeustadty  or  Livoioek,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  30  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Posen.  Pop.  1,750,  of  whom  about  a 
fourth  are  Jews. 

Xeustadty  t.  Saxony,  19  m.  E.  Dresden.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Neustadti  t.  West  Prussia,  22  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Dantzic.     Pop.  950. 

J^eustadt,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  adjoining  Mag- 
deburg.    Pop.  5,700. 

J^eustadt,  a  circle  of  Saxony,  ceded  to  Prussia 
in  1815.  The  greater  part  was  subsequently 
made  over  to  the  grand  duke  of  Saxe- Weimar. 

J^eustadt,  Machrisch  or  Moravian,  t.  Austrian 
states,  in  Moravia,  13  m.  N.  Olmutz.     Pop.  3,000. 

J^eustadt,  or  jS'owy-Miesto,  t.  Bohemia,  76  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Prague.     Pop.  1,400. 

J^eustadt,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  duchy  of  Holstein, 
on  the  bay  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1,400. 

Neustadt,  t.  Baden,  17  m.  E.  S,  E.  Freyburg. 
Pop.  1,150. 

J^eustadt,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  18  m.  S. 
W.  Ratisbon.     Pop.  900. 

J^eustadt,  t.  Bavaria,  50  m.  N.  by  E.  Ratisbon. 
Pop.  1,150. 

Js'evksladt-Ehersuald,  t.  Prussian  States, in  Bran- 
denburg, at  the  confluence  of  the  Finow  and  the 
Schwarz,  30  m.  N.  E.  Berlin.    Pop.  3,000. 

Neustadt  on  the  Aisch,  t.  Bavarian  States,  22  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1,900. 

Neustadt  on  the  Dosse,  t.  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 44  m.  W.  N.  W.  Berlin.     Pop.  800. 

Mustadi  on  the  Hart,  t.  Bavarian  States,  12  m. 
S.  Landau,  17  S.  W.  Manheim.     Pop.  2,900. 

JVeustadi  on  the  Heath,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy 
<jf  Saxe-Coboarg,  8  in-.  N.  E.  Cobourg.  Pop. 
l->600. 


N  E  U 

jVeuitadf  on  the  Kulm,  t.  Bavaria,  15  m.  S,  E. 
Bayreuth.     Pop.  900. 

JVeustadt  on  the  Orle,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Saxe- Weimar,  24  m.  S.  E.  Weimar,  16 
S.  W.  Gera.  Lon.  12°  5'  10"  E.  Lat.  50°  44'  34"  N. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Keustadt  on  the  Rubenberg,  t.  Hanover,  on  the 
Leine,  15  m.  N.  W.  Hanover.     Pop.  1,300. 

JVeustadt  on  the  Saale,  t.  Bavaria,  41  m.  N.by  E. 
Wurzburg.     Pop.  1,650. 

JVeustadt,  JVienerisch,  a  fortified  t.  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Fischa  and  the  Steinfeld.  Here  is  a 
military  school  which  has  36  professors,  and  440 
pupils.  It  has  manufactures  of  pins,  brass- wire, 
silk  stuffs,  woollens,  and  stone  ware.  A  canal 
connects  this  town  with  Vienna.  28  m.  S.  Vien- 
na.    Pop.  7,000. 

JS'eustadtel,  or  Rudolphswerth,  t.  Austrian  States, 
25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Laybach,  46  E.  N.  E.  Fiume.  Pop. 
1,600. 

JVeustadtel,  t.  Prussian  States,  16  m.  W.  by  N. 
Great  Glogau.     Pop.  1,000. 

JVeuteich,  t.  West  Prussia,  16  m.  W.  Elbing.  Pop. 
1,300. 

JVeutra,  or  A'yitra,  a  palatinate  of  the  N.  W.  of 
Hungary,  bordering  on  Moravia.  Area,  2,570 
square  miles.  Pop.  320,000.  JVeutra,  or  Mtra, 
the  capital,  is  44  m.  E.  by  N.  Presburg.  Pop. 
3,900. 

JVeure  Eglise,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders, 
10  m.  S.  Ypres.     Pop.  2,900. 

JVeuric,  t,  France,  in  Dordogne,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Perigueux.     Pop.  1,800. 

Keuric,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  14  m.  S.Ussel,  27 
E.  by  N.  Tulle.     Pop.  1,700. 

JVetivic  Entier,  t.  France,  in  Upper- Vienne. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Neuville,  or  JVeustadt,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Bern, 
10  m.  N.  E.  Neufchatel,  19  W.  N.  W.  Berne.  Pop. 
1,200. 

JVeuville,  or  JVoville,  t.  Switz.  in  the  Pays  de 
Vaud,  22  m.  S.  E.  Lausanne. 

Neuville,  t.  France,  on  the  Saone,  9  m.  N.  Lyons. 
Pop.  1,700. 

JVeuville,  or  Point  aux  Trembles,  seigniory, 
Hampshire  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  16  m.  W.  by  S.  Quebec. 

JVmviUe  au  Pont,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  on  thc- 
Aisne,  3  m.  N.  W.  St.  MenAould.     Pop.  1 ,200. 

JVeuville  aux  Bois,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  12  m. 
N.Orleans.     Pop.  2,000. 

JVeuvy,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  3  m.  W.  Clamecy. 
Pop.  1,300. 

JVeuvy,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire.  Pop. 
1,000. 

JVeuvy  le  Roi,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  13 
m.  N.  tours.    Pop.  1,600. 

JVeuvy  le  Sautour,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  17  m.  N, 
W.Tonnere.     Pop.  1,350. 

JVeury,  or  St.  Sepulcre,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  14 
m.  S.  Chateauroux.     Pop.  1,700. 

JVeuvy  sur  Baranion,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  16  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Bourges.     Pop.  800. 

JVeuwarp,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  23  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Stettin.     Pop.  1,350. 

JVeuwedel,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  28  m.  E. 
Stargard,     Pop.  1,350. 

JVeuwied,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  the  province  of 
the  Lower  Rhine,  government  of  Coblentz,  on  the 
Rhine.  It  has  a  variety  of  manufactures,  of  cotton 
and  wool,  hardware,  linen,  soap,  watches,  and 
rabinet-making.     From  its  vicinity  to  the  Rhiup, 


N  E  W 

it  has  also  a  traffic  in  corn,  wine,  timber,  antl  pot- 
ash. 7  m.  N.  N.  W.  Coblentz,  42  S.  S.  E.  Cologne. 
Pop.  3,600. 

JVeiyn,  or  A''ejin,  t.  Wales,  in  Caernarvonshire, 
249  m.  N.  W.  London.    Pop.  1,177. 

JV«p  Albany,  p-t.  and  cap.  Floyd  co.  Indiana,  on 
the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  Portland,  Ken.  and  4  m. 
below  the  falls  at  JeffersonviUe.  It  was  laid  out  in 
1814,  and  has  had  a  rapid  growth,  and  is  still  in- 
creasing. It  contains  at  present,  130  dwelling 
houses,  a  Presbyterian  church  and  about  1,<X)0 
inhabitants.  Here  are  a  steam  saw,  and  grist  mill, 
and  a  ship  yard.  The  site  of  the  town  is  on  the 
second  bank  pf  the  Ohio.  It  abounds  with  springs 
of  excellent  water  and  is  very  healthy. 

J^ew  Albion,  a  name  formerly  applied  to  a  coun- 
tr\'  of  indefinite  extent  on  the  W.  coast  of  N. 
America,  extending,  according  to  some,  from  30" 
to  38"  N.  lat.,  and  according  to  others,  from  43°  to 
48".     The  name  is  left  out  of  the  best  modern  maps. 

J^'eio  Alexandria,  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

JS'ew  Alexandria,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

J^eip  Amsterdam,  t.  and  cap.  of  Berbice,  S. 
America,  stands  on  Berbice  river,  4  m.  above  its 
mouth.  Pop.  about  150  whites.  The  Govern- 
ment-house is  perhaps  the  lai'gest  in  the  West  In- 
dies. It  is  built  of  brick.  Here  are  also  a  court- 
house, a  Dutch  Lutheran  Church,  a  Dutch  Prot- 
estant Church,  and  a  missionary  chapel  for  the 
blacks  and  coloured  people. 

Kewark,  borough,  Eng.  in  Nottingham  co.  is  a 
considerable  trading  town,  next  to  Nottingham  the 
largest  in  the  county,  and  a  noted  stage  on  the 
great  road  from  London  to  York.  It  stands  on  a 
branch  of  the  Trent.  It  enjoys  a  flourishing  trade 
in  corn,  coal,  cattle,  wool,  and  other  commodities. 
20  m.  N.  E.  Nottingham,  124  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
0"  49'  W.  Lat.  53"  .5'. N.     Pop.  7,236. 

J^cicark,  t.  Upper  Canada,  7  ra.  N.  Queenstowa 
very  pleasantly  situated  at  the  entrance  of  the  riv- 
er Niagara  into  Lake  Ontario,  and  almost  fronting 
Fort  Niagara  on  the  American  side.  It  was  begun 
in  1796.  and  had  increased  to  about  200  houses, 
with  a  church,  court-house,  and  other  public 
buildings  ;  but  all  of  these,  with  the  greatest  part 
cf  the  dwelling  houses  were  destroyed  by  the 
Americans  in  December  1S13,  when  they  evacua- 
ted Fort  George,  which  is  within  the  limits  of  the 
town. 

Newarlcy  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  44  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  88. 

Newark,  p-t.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  is  pleasant- 
ly situated  near  the  W.  bank  of  Passaic  river,  2  or 
3  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  its  month  in  Newark 
bay,  9  m.  W.  New-York  city,  6  N.  ElizabethtoAvn. 
It  is  a  handsome  and  flourishing  town,  celebrated 
lor  the  excellence  of  the  cider  made  in  its  neigh- 
bourhood. In  this  and  in  the  adjoining  town  of 
Orange,  there  are  valuable  quarries  of  stone  for 
building,  and  numerous  tanneries;  and  shoes  are 
manufactured  on  a  large  scale.  Newark  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  2  banks,  an  academy,  and  .'> 
house"  of  public  worship,  2  for  Presbj'terians,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Methodists. 
One  of  the  Presbyterian  ch.urches  is  of  stone,  and 
is  the  lai'gest  and  most  elegant  building  of  the  kind 
in  the  State.     Pop.  in  1810,  8,008. 

J^eivark  bay,  in  N.  J.  is  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  the  Passiac  and  Hackinsack  rivers,  and  is  sep- 
arated from  Hudson  river  on  the  E.  by  Bergen 
neck.  It  communicates  Avith  New-York  bay  by  a 
jjavigaVi"  channel  on  !he  N.  -ide  of  RTriten  Island, 

G4 


NEW 


505 


and  with  Amboy  bay  by  a  channel  along  the  W, 
side  of  the  island. 

Newark,  p-t.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 
Newark,  p-t.  and  cap.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  on  Lick- 
ing river,  26  m.  W.  N.  W.  Zaneaville.     Pop.  in 
1815,  400. 

Neiv  Asliford,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N. 
Lenox.     Pop.  411. 

New  Athens,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  S.  Cadiz. 
JVewbatd  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  near  the  entrance  into  the  gulf  of  Capen- 
taria. 

Newbatlle,  or  Newbottle,  v.  Scotland,  7  m.  S. 
Edinburgh. 

JVew  Baltimore,  t.  Greene  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 16  m.  above  Catskill,  18  below  Albany. 
Neii;  Baltimore,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 
New  Barbadoes,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Pas- 
saic.    Pop.  2,835. 

New  Bedford,  p-t.  and  s-p,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  a 
small  bay  which  sets  up  from  the  N.  side  of  Buz- 
zard's bay,  between  Clarke's  neck  on  the  W.  and 
Sconticutt  point  on  the  E.  An  island  between  the 
points  renders  the  entrance  narrow,but  the  barber 
IS  safe  and  commodious.  The  inhabitants  own  a 
large  amount  of  shipping,  and  are  very  extensive- 
ly engaged  in  the  whale  fishery.  The  codfishery 
also  employs  a  large  number  of  vessels,  and  there 
are  several  ships  engaged  in  foreign  trade.  The 
principal  exports  are  whale  oil,  spermaceti  can- 
dles, and  fish.  New  Bedford  contains  a  bank,  in- 
surance office,  academy,  5  houses  for  public  wor- 
ship, 1  for  Friends,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and  2 
for  Baptists.  In  1810,  before  the  separation  of 
Fairhaven,  the  population  was  5,651. 
New  Bedford,  p-t.  Mercer  co.  Pa. 
New  Berlin,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  E. 
Norwich,  90  W,  Albany.  Pop.  1,632. 
New  Berlin,  p-v.  Union  co.  Pa. 
Newbern,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 
Newbern,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Craven  co., 
N.  C.  on  a  fiat  sandy  point  of  land,  at  the  junction 
of  Neuse  river  with  the  Trent,  35  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Washington,  123  S.  E.  Raleigh,  100  N.  N.  E.  Wil- 
mington, 290  N.  E.  Charleston.  Lon.  77°  25'  W. 
Lat.  35"  20' N.  Pop.  in  1818,  nearly  6,000.  It  is 
the  largest  town  in  the  State,  and  more  healthy 
than  any  other  near  the  sea  coast.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  theatre,  2  banks,  and  3  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Baptists, 
and  1  for  Methodists.  The  shipping  of  Newbern 
District  in  1815,  was  5,049  tons.  Considerable 
commerce  is  carried  on  in  the  export  of  lumber, 
naval  stores,  grain  and  pork. 

Newberry,  p-t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
Newberry,   t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  Lycomiug 
river,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Susquehannah,  op- 
posite Williamsport. 

N'ewberry,  p-t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 
Newbills,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 
New  Bistritz,  or  New  Fistritz,  t.  Bohemia,  28 
m.  E.  Budweis.     Pop.  2,100. 

Newborough,  t.  Wales,  in  the  island  of  Anglesey, 
G  ra.  N.  W.  Caernarvon,  237  N.  W.  London.  Pop, 
750. 

Neiobormigh,  or  Gorey,  t.  Ireland,  in  Wexfoi'd 
CO.  21  m.  N.  Wexford,  39  S.  Dublin. 

Newborough,  t.  Eng.  in  StalTordshire,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Uttoxeter.     Pop.  623. 

JVw  Boston,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  17  m, 
R.  Concord.     Pop.  1,810. 

New  Boston,  p-t.  Clark  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  S,  W, 
Springfield,     Pop.  in  1815,  ^;00. 


5oe 


N  E  W 


JVeiv  Bourbon,  v.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Missouri,  ou 
the  Mississippi,  2  m.  below  St.  Genevieve,  53  S. 
St.  Louis.     It  contains  about  70  houses. 

JVew  Braintree,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Worcester.     Pop.  912. 

JVeic  Brandenburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  ot  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  53  m.  W.  Stettin. 
Pop.  4,700. 

Mtw  Britain,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  25  m.  from  Phil- 
adelphia. 

iNew  Britain.     See  Britain,  JS'ew. 

New  Broimsmlle,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

J^eio  Brunsuick.     See  Brumwick,  fiew. 

J^eicbwgh,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshirc,  on  tlie  S. 
bank  of  the  Tay.  The  harbour  is  spacious,  and 
the  Tav  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  500  tons  to  this 
place.  "  Pop.  2,000. 

Newburgh,  v.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Ythan,  10  m.  N.  Aberdeen.  Pop. 
200. 

JVeu-burgh,  p-t.  and  halfshire  town,  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the'W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  95  m.  S.  of 
Albany,  and  70  on  the  stage  road  N.  of  New  York. 
Pop.  in  1810,  4,627.  The  village  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  Hudson.  Its  trade  employs  about 
30  vessels,  and  few  places  are  increasing  more 
rapidly  in  wealth  and  population.  It  contains  a 
bank,  court-house,  jail,  academy,  and  4  houses  for 
public  worship,  2  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Episco- 
palians, and  1  for  Methodists. 

Mwburgh,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land. 

Xew  Burlington,  p-v.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

J^ewbury,  Ijorough  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  one 
of  the  largest  towns  in  the  county,  and  formerly 
celebrated  for  its  woollen  manufactures,  which, 
however,  have  now  greatly  declined.  It  is  in  a 
fertile  plain,  on  the  banks  of  the  Kennet.  17  m. 
W.  by  S.  Reading,  56  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  20' 
W.    Lat.  51"  23' N.     Pop.  4,898. 

Newburtj,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er, opposite  Haverhill,  34  m.  E.  S.  E.  Montpelier, 
47  above  Windsor.     Pop.  1,363. 

Ketvbury,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Merrimack  river,  bordering  on  Neburyport,  and 
opposite  to  Salisbury,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  bridge,  24  m.  N.  Salem,  32  N.  N.  E.  Boston. 
Pop.  5,176.  It  contains  2  academies,  and  5  parish- 
es, in  each  of  which  there  is  a  Congregational 
meeting-house. 

■Kewbury,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,796. 

Neu-bxiry,  district,  in  the  central  part  of  S.  C. 
Pop.  13,964,  including  4,006  slaves.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Newburyport,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Essex  co. 
Mass.  on  the  S.  bank  of  Merrimack  river,  3  miles 
from  its  mouth,  24  N.  of  Salem,  24  S.  S.  W.  Ports- 
mouth, 33  N.  N.  E.  Boston.  Lon.  70°  47'  W.  Lat. 
42"  49'  N.  Pop.  7,634.  It  is  one  of  the  handsom- 
est towns  in  the  U.  S.  the  site  being  a  beautiful 
declivity,  the  houses  handsomely  built,  and  the 
streets  wide,  and  intersecting  each  other  nearly  at 
right  angles.  It  contains  2  banks,  2  insurance 
offices,  and  7  houses  of  public  worship,  3  for  Con- 
g'regationalits,  2  for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Episcojiti- 
lians,  and  1  for  Baptists.  It  is  the  third  town  in 
the  State  in  population  and  commerce.  The 
amount  of  shipping  in  1815,  was  2-1,922  tons,  em- 
ployed partly  in  the  coasting  trade  and  lisheries, 
and  partly  in  the  trade  to  the  West  indies,  Europe, 
and  the  East  Indies.  The  town  is  well  situated 
for  shipbuilding,  having  the  advantage  of  receiv- 
ing lumber  frointho  interior  by  Merrimack  river 


NEW 

The  harbour  is  deep,  safe,  and  spacious,  but  diffi- 
cult to  enter.  The  town  suffered  severely  by  the 
restrictions  on  commerce  previous  to  the  late  war, 
and  by  fire  in  181 1.  It  has  not  yet  fully  recovered 
from  these  misfortunes. 

Newby's  cross-roads,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

J^Tew  Canaan,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  8  m.  from 
Long  Island  Sound,  77  S.  W.  Hartford,  Pop. 
1,599.     It  contains  2  churches,  and  an  academy. 

J^ew  Canto?i,  p-v.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 

JVeif)  Carlisle,  t.  and  cap.  Gaspe  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  Chaleur  bay.  It  contains  abowt  60 
houses. 

JVewcastl€,t.  Ireland,  20  m.  S.  W.  Limerick. 

J^eiccastle,  t.  Ireland,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Dublin. 

JVeivcastle,  district.  Up.  Canada,  comprises  the 
counties  of  Northumberland  and  Durham. 

J^ewcastle,  t.  and  cap.  Northumberland  co.  New 
Brunswick,  on  Miramichi  bay.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  jail. 

Keivcastle,  t.  New  Holland,  in  the  colony  of 
New  South  Wales,  at  the  mouth  of  Coal  river,  60 
m.  N.  of  Sidney.  Its  inhabitants  are  chielly  incor- 
rigible offenders,  banished  from  Botany  bay  for 
their  ciimes.     Pop.  500. 

J^Teiccastle,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Shecpscot  river,  7  m.  E.  Wiscasset.  Pop. 
1,231.  At  Woodbridge  neck,  in  this  town,  an 
early  European  settlement  was  made,  but  after- 
wards abandoned. 

JVewcastle,  or  Great  Island,  isl.  and  t.  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  H.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Piscataqua,  2  m. 
E.  Portsmouth.  Pop.  592.  Here  is  a  fort  and  a 
lighthouse. 

JVewcastle,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  37  m.  N, 
New  York,  6  W.  Bedford.     Pop.  1,291. 

JVewcastle,  p-t.  ^Mercer  co.  Pa. 

JVewcastle,  co.  Del.  bounded-N.  by  Pennsylvania, 
E.  by  Delaware  river  and  bay,  S.  by  Kent  county, 
and  W.  by  Maryland.  Pop.  24,429.  Slaves,  1,047. 
Chief  towns,  Newcastle  and  Wilmington. 

JVewcastle,  p-t.  and  cap.  Newcastle  co.  Del- 
aware, on  Delaware  river.  The  village  con^ 
tains  2  churches,  a  court-house,  jail,  and  abou; 
200  houses.  It  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in 
wheat.  34  m.  6.  W.  Philadelphia.  Lat.  39*'  38 
N.     Pop.  2,340. 

JVewcastle,  p-t.  Hanover  co.  Va.  24  m.  N.  E. 
Richmond. 

JVewcastle,  p-t.  and  cap.  of  Henry  to.  Ken.  on 
Kentucky  river.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  in  a  fer- 
tile country.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail. 
The  houses  are  principally  of  brick.  Pop.  in  1818. 
700  or  800. 

JVewcastle,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

JVewcastle  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream^ 
Lon.  81"  40'  W.    Lat.  24"  48  N. 

JVewcastle  in  Elmyn,  t.  Wales,  20  m.  N.  W 
Caermarthen,  223  W.  London.  Lon.  4"  27'  ^V 
Lat.  52"  2'  N. 

JVewcastle-upon-Tyne,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumbei- 
land  CO.  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tyne,  about  10 
miles  from  its  mouth.  Ships  of  300  or  400  tons 
burden  may  reach  the  town.  The  new  parts  of 
the  town  are  laid  out  with  skill  and  taste,  and  in 
a  superior  style  of  architecture  ;  and  the  spirit  of 
improvement,  with  the  incr<?asing  prosperity  oj 
the  ])lace,  bid  fair  to  render  it  equal  in  conven- 
ience and  elegance  to  the  first  town  in  the  king- 
dom. The  charitable  and  literary  institutions  are 
numerous,  and  in  a  style  adequate  to  the  opulent 
and  liberal  spirit  of  the  place. 

The  situation  of  Newcastle,  on  the  banks  of  a 


NEW 


NEW 


507 


navigable  river,  and  in  the  greatest  coal  district 
in  the  world,  is  the  chief  circumstance  which 
has  raised  it  to  its  present  rank  and  importance. 

?he  principal  collieries  are  situated  along  the 
yne,  both  above  and  below  the  town  ;  from  this 
magazine  the  vast  consumption  of  the  metropolis, 
the  whole  of  the  eastern,  and  most  of  the  southern 
coasts  of  the  island,  and  the  opposite  coasts  of 
France,  Holland,  and  Germany,  have  for  centu- 
ries been  supplied.  In  eight  years,  from  January 
180^  to  December  1809,  4,713,476  Newcastle 
chaldrons,  or  12,490,700  tons  of  coals,  were  ex- 
ported from  the  'i'yne ;  that  is,  nearly  600,000 
i-haldrons  annually.  In  1819,  the  quantity  ex- 
ported was— coastwise,  639,987  Newcastle  chal- 
drons ;  ov<ir  sea,  39,735. 

From  the  coal  pits,  which  are  generally  near 
the  banlcs  of  the  Tyne,  the  coals  are  conveyed  to 
the  river  in  rail  or  tram  roads,  which,  having  a 
gentle  declivity  all  the  way,  the  waggons,  several 
of  them  joined  together,  descend  of  themselves, 
and  having  delivered  their  contents  at  the  stations 
or  staiths,  are  carried  hack  by  another  road  to  the 
mine.  From  the  staiths  the  coals  are  conveyed, 
for  exportation,  in  keels  or  long  boats,  manned  by 
the  keelmen,  to  their  respective  vessels.  The 
keelmen  are  a  stout  and  hardy  race  ;  and  the 
whole  of  the  traffic  in  coals  affords,  indeed,  an  ex- 
cellent nursery  for  seamen.  Besides  the  coal 
trade,  Newcastle  enjoys  a  considerable  and  flour- 
ishing foreign  trade,  and  is  moreover  rich  with  va- 
rious and  extensive  manufactories.  Several  ships 
are  also  sent  to  the  Greenland  fishery ;  and  the 
total  amount  of  shipping  that  belongs  to  the  port, 
is  at  present  computed  at  834  ships,  which  measure 
184,149  tons,  and  employ  8,732  men.  The  num- 
ber of  vessels  which  cleared  out  in  1819,  were — 
Coasters,  8,828 ;  foreign,  995.  Among  the  manu- 
facturing establishments  arc,  brick  fields,  potte- 
ries, glass-houses,  and  chemical  works  for  making 
white  lead,  minium,  and  vitriol ;  manufactories  in 
iron,  tin,  and  every  kind  of  metal ;  machines  for 
fabricating  brass  wire,  plate  metal,  &c.  Ship- 
building is  also  carried  on  to  a  great  extent.  270 
m.  N.  by  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  37'  W.  Lat.  54° 
58' N.     Pop.  in  1811,  35,711. 

J^eiccastle,  or  jYeurastle-under-Line,  t.  En?,  in 
Staffordshire,  on  the  E.bank  of  the  Line,  a  branch 
of  the  Trent.  The  chief  business  consists  in  the 
clothing  trade  and  the  manufacture  of  hats.  Around 
the  town,  the  villages  to  a  considerable  distance 
are  entirely  occupied  with  the  manufactures  of 
porcelain,  earthenware,  stoneware,  &c.  forming 
one  great  system,  which,  for  its  extent,  and  the 
perfection  to  which  the  manufacture  has  been 
carried,  is  perhaps  unequalled  in  the  world.  This 
district  abounds  with  coal.  Newcastle  sends  two 
membersto  parliament.  15m.N.Stafrord,149N.W. 
London.    Lon.  2"  13'  W.  Lat.  53"  1'  N.  Pop.  6, 175. 

jYew  Charleston,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  20  m. 
N.  W.  Bangor.  Pop.  210.  It  is  a  fine  township 
of  land,  and  the  population  is  rapidly  increasing. 

A''eiv  Chester,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Merri- 
mack, 16  m.  S.  Plymouth.     Pop.  895. 

J^eu-churck,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Burnley.     Pop.  6,930. 

JVew  Comerstown,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  18  m. 
S.  S.  W.  New  Philadelphia. 

New  Connecticut.     See  Connecticut  Reserve. 

J^ew  Creek,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the  sea,  in 
lon,  76"  52'  W.  Int.  34°  47'  N. 

JVcio  Durham,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  38  m.  N  W, 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  888 


j\''eiv  Egypt,  p-v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
J^ew  England,  the  N.  E.  section  of  the  U.  S. 
bounded  N.  by  Canada,  E.  by  New  Brunswick 
and  the  .Atlantic,  S.  by  the  Atlantic  and  Long  isl- 
and sound,  and  W.  by  New  York.  It  compre- 
hends the  states  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecti- 
cut. The  face  of  the  countiy  is  generally  hilly, 
and  agreeably  diversified.  The  soil  is  various, 
from  barren  sand  to  the  richest  clays  and  loams. 
It  is  generally  better  fitted  for  grazing  than  for  til- 
lage. The  most  important  production  is  grass. 
Beef,  mutton,  pork,  butter,  and  cheese,  are  abun- 
dant. Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat,  barley,  and  oats, 
are  extensively  cultivated.  Lon.  64"  54'  to  73°  26 
W.  Lat.  41°  to  48°  12'  N.  Extent,  65,000  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1810,  1,271,974. 

JVeicenham,  Cape,  point  on  the  N.  W.  coast  oi" 
America.     Lon.  197°  36'  E.  Lat.  58°  42'  N. 

JVeicent,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester  co.  8  m.  N.  W. 
Gloucester,  112  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  24' 
W.  Lat.  51"  55'  N.     Pop.  2,538. 

Miv  Fairfield,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  7  ra.  N 
Danbury,  64  S.  W,  Hartford,     Pop.  772. 

Newfane,  t.  and  cap.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  West 
river,  12  m.  N.  W.  Brattleboro',  105  S.  Montpe-- 
lier.  Pop.  1,276.  It  contains  a  court-house  jail, 
and  a  church. 

New  Feliciana,  parish,  liOuisiana,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  bounded  N.  by  the  state  of  Mis- 
sissippi, E.  by  the  parish  of  St.  Helena,  S.  by  the 
parish  of  East  Baton  Rogue,  and  W.  by  Point  Cou- 
pee parish.     The  chief  town  is  St.  Francesville. 

J^ew  Feliciana,  parish,  Feliciana  co.  Louisiana. 
Here  is  a  post-office. 

JVeiifield,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N.  W.  York. 
36  W.N.W.  Portland.  Pop.  815.  It  contains  2 
churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists. 

jYew  Forest,  an  extensive  tract  in  England,  coun- 
ty of  Southampton,  bounded  E.  by  Southampton 
water,  and  S.  by  the  English  channel.  It  is  20 
miles  long,  15  broad,  and  contains  92,365  acres. 

JVeipfound  Lake,  lake,  N.  H.  6  miles  long  from  N. 
to  S.  and  2^  broad,  which  communicates  by  New- 
found river,  with  the  Merrimack,  at  Bridgewater. 
Kewfovndland,  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  separated  from  the  coast  of  Labra- 
dor on  the  north  by  the  straits  of  Belleisle,  be- 
tween lat.  46"  45'  and  51°  46'  N.  and  between  lon. 
52°  31'  and  59°  40'  W.  being  381  miles  long,  and 
about  900  in  circumference.  The  coasts  are  sub- 
ject to  fogs,  attended  with  almost  continual  storms 
of  snow  and  sleet;  the  sky  being  usually  overcast. 
The  country  is  very  unequal,  and  covered  with 
hills  and  mountains,  which  appear  more  lofty  in 
the  interior  parts  tlian  near  the  coast.  The  whole 
circuit  of  the  island  is  full  of  fine  bays  and  har- 
bors. This  island,  after  various  disputes,  was 
ceded  to  England  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  in 
1713.  It  owes  all  its  importance  to  the  fisheries 
which  ave  carried  on  upon  its  shores,  and  upon 
the  banks  which  lie  to  the  S.  E.  of  the  island.  "The 
Great  Bank  of  Nev/foundland,  which  may  prop- 
erly be  deemed  a  vast  mountain  under  water,  is 
not  less  than  330  miles  lon^,  and  about  75  broad. 
The  depth  of  water  upon  it  varies  from  15  to  60 
fathoms.  In  1813,  during  the  war  in  Spain,  the 
exjxjrt  in  fish  and  oil  amounted  to  1,000,000/.  ster- 
ling. Il  has  since  greatly  declined. 
Kev found  Mills,  p-v.  Hanover  co.  \  a. 
Mw  Garden,  p-t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop  I.03Q. 
JVew  Garden,  ^-v.  R4>in«)n  co-  N.  C. 


508 


NEW 


NEW 


JVew  Garden,  i.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

JVeio  Geneva,  p-v.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

JVew!  Georgia,  islands,  12  in  number,  in  the  Po- 
lar sea,  discovered  in  1819,  by  Lieut.  Parry.  The 
largest  is  Melville  island,  which  see. 

JVew  Germantoum,  p-v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

JVeic  Glasgow,  p-v.  Amherst  co.  Va.  Here  is 
an  academy  tor  young  ladies. 

JVew  Gloucester,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  23 
m.  N.  Portland. 

J^i'eio  Goshen.     Sec  L&vhigfo7i,  N.  Y. 

JVeio  Granada,  a  country  in  the  N.  W.  corner 
of  S.  America,  bounded  N.  by  the  Caribbean  sea ; 
E.  by  Venezuela  and  Guiana ;  S.  by  Peru ;  W. 
by  the  Pacific;  and  N.  W.  by  Guatimala.  It  ex- 
tends from  3°  30'  S.  lat.  to  12"  N.  lal.  about  1,000 
miles,  and  from  68"  to  81°  W.  Ion.  The  Andes 
come  from  Peru,  and  pass  along:  the  coast  of  the 
Pacific  f)cean,  througii  the  whole  extent  of  the 
country.  At  Fopayan  the  range  divides  into  three 
branches :  the  western  is  the  proper  Andes,  and 
runs  into  North  America  across  the  isthmus  of 
Darien ;  the  eastern,  called  the  cliain  of  Vene- 
zuela, runs  along  the  coast  of  that  province,  and 
terminates  opposite  the  island  of  Trinidad;  the 
middle  branch  runs  north,  between  the  rivers 
Magdalena  and  Cauca,  and  terminates  at  the 
junction  of  those  two  streams. — The  country  east 
pf  the  Andes  is  an  immense  plain  extending  to  the 
river  Orinoco.  In  the  low  country,  tlie  climate  is 
hot  and  unhealthy,  but  in  the  mountains  every 
variety  is  experienced,  according  to  the  elevation. 
On  the  highest  summits  you  meet  with  everlast- 
ing snow,  while  -^t  Quito  and  some  of  the  other 
principal  cities,  which  are  elevated  many  thou- 
sand feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean,  the  tem- 
perature is  delightful  throughout  the  year. 

New  Granada  is  celebrated  for  the  richness  and 
variety  of  its  productions,  in  the  vegetable,  min- 
eral, and  animal  kingdoms.  Here  are  found  all 
the  fruits  of  tropical  climates ;  the  mountains  are 
rich  in  gold  and  silver,  emeralds,  and  platina. 
There  are  also  animals  of  an  enormous  size.  The 
'.ondor,  a  large  bird,  has  been  known  to  fly  away 
with  lambs.  The  jacumama  is  an  immense  ser- 
pent found  in  the  plains  east  of  the  Andes,  11  or 
12  feet  long,  and  a  foot  in  diameter. 

The  population  was  estimated  by  Humboldt  in 
1008,  at  1,800,000.  A  very  large  pro[)ortion  are 
Indians.  The  principal  settlements  are  in  the 
liigh  land  on  the  Andes. 

JVew  Grantham,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H,  35  m.  N. 
W.  C'oncord.     Fop.  834. 

JVew  Guinea,  or  Papua,  a  large  isl.  in  the  East- 
rrn  seas,  lying  N.  of  iNew  Holland,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  Torres'  straits.  Lat.  0"  to  8"  S. 
It  is  about  1,200  miles  long  from  N.  W,  to  S.  E. 
but  has  been  very  little  explored.  It  is  supposed 
by  many  that  it  is  not  a  single  island,  but  a  greater 
number  of  islands  divided  by  narrow  straits.  The 
inhabitants,  as  far  as  they  are  known,  are  wild 
and  cruel  savages. 

JVew  Hagerstowu,  p-t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

JVavhall,  t,  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  5  ni.  S.  W.  Nant- 
wich.     Pop.  859. 

JVew  Hampshire^  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N. 
by  Lower  Canada ;  F.  by  jVIaine ;  S.  E.  by  the 
Atlantic;  S.  by  Massachusetts;  and  W.  by  Ver- 
mont. .  It  lies  botweoa  42"  41'  and  45"  11'  N.  lat. 
and  between  70"  40'  and  72"  48'  W.  Ion.  It  is  160 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  90  in  its  greatest  breadth, 
and  contains  9,491  sq.  miles,  or  6,074,240  acres. 
The  State  is  divided  into  6  couutics,  and  212 


towns.  Pop.  in  1790,  141,885 ;  in  1800,  183,858  ; 
in  1810,  214,460;  and  in  li)20,  244,161.  The 
great  mass  of  the  population  is  in  the  southern 
half  of  the  state.  North  of  Winnipiseogee  lake 
there  are  very  few  inhabitants,  except  on  Con- 
necticut river. 

The  whole  extent  of  sea-coast  is  only  18  miles. 
The  shore  is  generally  a  sandy  beach,  and  bordering 
upon  it  are  salt  marshes.  For  20  or  30  miles  from 
tlie  coast,  the  country  is  either  level  or  variegat- 
ed with  small  hills  and  vallies.  Beyond  this,  the 
hills  increase  in  size,  and  in  many  parts  of  the 
State  swell  into  lofty  mountains,  particularly  in 
the  north,  and  along  the  height  of  land  between 
the  Merrimack  and  the  Connecticut.  The  high- 
est summits  between  the  Merrimack  and  the  Con- 
necticut are  Grand  Monadnock,  near  the  S.  W. 
corner  of  the  State,  which  is  3,254  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea;  Sunapee  mountain,  near  Suna- 
pee  lake  ;  and  Moosehillock,  still  further  north, 
the  height  of  wliich  is  estimated  at  4,636  feet. 
But  the  White  Mountains  are  the  most  celebrated 
in  the  State,  the  highest  peak  being  more  than 
6,000  feet.  'The  mountains,  the  lakes,  the  vallies, 
and  cataracts  of  New  Hampshire,  abound  with 
sublime  and  beautiful  scenery,  and  have  acquired 
for  the  State,  the  title  of  "the  Switzerland  of 
America."  The  soil  of  New  Hampshire  is  gen- 
erally fertile.  The  intervals  on  the  large  rivers 
are  the  richest,  and  best  fitted  for  tillage,  but  the 
uplands  are  accounted  the  best  for  grazing.  The 
principal  productions  are  grass,  wheat,  rye,  In- 
dian corn,  beef,  pork,  mutton,  butter,  and  cheese. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  are  Dart- 
mouth college  at  Hanover,  and  Exeter  academy. 
The  Baptists  and  Congregationalists  are  the  pre- 
vailing religious  denominations.  In  1817,  the 
number  of  ordained  ministers  was  estimated  at 
222,  of  whom  107  were  Baptists,  100  Congrega- 
tionalists, and  15  of  other  denominations. 

The  manufactures  of  New  Hampshire  have  in- 
creased very  rapidly  within  a  few  years.  There 
are  now  more  than  30  cotton  and  woollen  manu- 
factories, many  of  them  on  an  extensive  scale.  A 
glass  manufactory  has  been  established  at  Keene, 
and  there  are  two  iron  manufactories  at  Franco- 
nia. — The  principal  exports  from  New  Hamp- 
shire are  lumber,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  fish,  beef^ 
live  cattle,  pork,  and  flax  seed.  The  market  for 
the  northern  part  of  the  State,  is  Portland,  in 
Maine;  for  the  south-eastern,  Portsmouth  and 
Newhuryport ;  for  the  country  on  the  Merrimack, 
Boston ;  for  the  country  on  the  Connecticut, 
Hartford  and  Boston.  The  value  of  the  manu- 
factures of  this  State,  in  1810,  was  $5,225,045. 
The  value  of  the  exports,  in  1820,  was  §240,800. 

JVew  Hampton,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Merrimack,  30  m.  N.  Concord.     Pop.  1,293. 

JVew  Hanover,  CO.  N.C  Pop.  11,465.  Slaves, 
6,442.     Chief  town,  Wilmington. 

.A'cw  Hartford,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  20  m.  N. 
W.Hartford.     Pop.  1,507. 

J^'ew  Hartford,  p-v.  in  Whitestown,  Oneida  co. 
N.  Y.  2  m.  VV.  Utica.  It  contains  2  churches, 
and  about  100  houses. 

JVew  Haven,  v.  Scotland,  in  Edinburgh  co.  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  frith  of  Forth,  about  a  mile  VV. 
of  Leith.  It  is  much  resorted  to  during  the  sum- 
mer for  bathing.     Pop.  about  600. 

J\i''ewhnre7i,  v.  Eng.  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Ouse.  The  harbor  is  defended  by  a  fort.  Pop. 
755.  9  m.  E.  Brighthelmstone,  59  S.  London. 
Lon.  0"  2'  E.  Lat.  50"  48'  N, 


NEW 


NEW 


509 


jYew  Haven,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  en  Otter 
creek. 

jXew  Haven,  co.  Ct  bounded  N.  by  Litchfield 
and  Hartford  counties,  E.  by  Middlesex  co.  S.  by 
Long  Island  sound,  and  W.  by  Fairfield  co.  Pop. 
37,664.     Chief  town,  New  Haven. 

JVew;  Haven,  city  and  seaport,  New  Haven  co. 
Ct.  lies  around  the  head  of  a  harbour,  which 
sets  up  4  mile?  from  Long  Island  Sound,  in  41°  18' 
N.  lat.  72°  56'  W.  Ion.  76  m.  N.  E.  New  York,  34 
S.  S.  W.  Hartford,  134  S.  W.  Boston ;  107  S.  S.  E. 
Albany.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  the 
semi-capital  of  Connecticut. 

The  city  is  built  on  a  large  plain,  encircled  on 
all  sides,  except  those  occupied  by  the  water,  by  a 
fine  amphitheatre  of  hills  and  mountains,  several 
of  which  present  bold  and  perpendicular  fronts, 
nearly  400  feet  in  height.  The  city  is  divided 
into  two  parts,  called  the  Old  and  New  Town- 
ships. The  old  town  is  laid  out  in  a  large  square, 
divided  into  9  smaller  squares ;  each  52  rods  on  a 
side,  and  separated  by  streets  4  rods  in  breadth. 
The  central  square  is  open,  and  is  believed  to  be 
one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  United  States.  On 
and  around  it  are  the  public  buildings,  which  are, 
a  state-house,  6  college  edifices,  and  3  elegant 
churches,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and  one  for 
Episcopalians.  A  Methodist  church  is  also  com- 
menced. Besides  these  buildings  the  town  con- 
tains a  jail,  almshouse,  customhouse,  2  banks,  3 
insurance  ollices,  a  grammar  school,  an  academy, 
and  6  printing  offices,  from  which  are  issued  4 
weekly  newspapers,  a  religious  monthly  maga- 
zine, and  tlie  American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts. 

The  houses  in  New  Haven  are  generally  built 
of  wood,  in  a  neat  and  commodious,  but  not  an 
expensive  style.  Several  of  those  recently  erect- 
ed, however,  are  elegant  and  stately  edifices  of 
brick.  The  principal  streets  are  ornamented 
with  trees,  and  most  of  the  houses  are  furnished 
with  a  piece  of  ground  in  the  rear,  sufficiently 
large  for  a  garden  and  fruit  trees,  giving  to  the 
city  a  rural  and  pleasant  appearance.  In  the 
north  corner  of  the  town,  a  burying  ground  has 
been  laid  out  on  a  plan  entirely  new.  The  field 
is  divided  into  parallelograms,  which  are  subdi- 
vided into  family  burying  places.  The  ground  is 
planted  with  trees;  the  monuments  are  almost 
universally  of  marble,  and  a  considerable  number 
are  obelisks.  An  exquisite  taste  lor  propriety  is 
discovered  in  every  thing  belonging  to  it ;  and  the 
■whole  has  a  solemn  and  impressive  appearance. 

The  harbour  is  well  defended  from  winds,  but  is 
shallow,  and  gradually  filling  up  with  mud.  This 
difficulty  has  been  remedied  in  part  by  the  con- 
struction of  a  wharf  nearly  a  mile  in  length,  ex- 
tending into  the  harbour.  The  depth  of  water  on 
the  bar,  at  low  water,  is  about  6  or  7  feet.  Com- 
mon tides  rise  6  feet,  and  spring  tides  7  or  8. 
Packets  ply  regularly  between  this  place  and 
New  York,  and  it  has  communication  by  a  line  of 
steam-boats  tliree  times  a  w  eek  with  New  York, 
and  also  with  New  London  and  Norwich.  The 
amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  was  12,439  tons.  Pop. 
of  the  city  in  1810,  5,772;  in  1820,  7,147,  and, 
including  the  township,  8,326. 

Yale  college,  in  tliis  place,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  respectable  colleges  in  the  United  Stales. 
It  was  founded  in  1701.  Its  officers  inl820,  were 
a  president,  9  professors,  including  4  medical  pro- 
fessors, and  5  tutors.  The  trustees  consist  of  the 
goveroor  of  the  state,  the  lieutenant  governor,  and 


six  senior  assistants ;  together  with  the  president, 
and  ten  fellows,  being  clergymen.  The  college 
library  contains  about  7,000  volumes,  and  the  stu- 
dents have  hbraries  amounting  to  2,000  more.  A 
cabinet  of  minerals  was  deposited  here  in  1811, 
by  George  Gibbs,  Esq.  the  original  cost  of  which 
is  said  to  have  been  4,000/.  sterling. — The  college 
buildings  consist  of  3  spacious  edifices,  each  4  sto- 
ries high,  and  containing  32  rooms  for  students ;  a 
chapel,  containing  also  a  philosophical  chamber ; 
a  lyceum,  containing  the  library  and  recitation 
rooms ;  a  laboratory,  all  of  brick ;  and  a  dining  hall, 
of  stone.  A  new  brick  building  was  commenced 
in  1821,  for  the  accommodation  of  students. — A 
medical  institution  is  connected  with  the  college. 
It  was  established  in  1813,  and  has  4  professors,  a 
valuable  anatomical  museum  and  a  medical  libra- 
ry.— The  whole  number  of  students  in  1820,  was 
412  ;  of  whom  62  were  medical  students,  31  resi- 
dent graduates,  and  319  under-graduates.  The 
whole  number  educated  here,  from  the  establish- 
ment of  the  institution  to  1820,  was  3,478;  ol 
whom  there  were  then  living  1,884,  a  greater 
number  than  fromany  other  college  in  the  U.  States. 

An  Episcopal  theological  seminary  was  estab- 
lished at  New  Haven  in  1820.  It  is  under  the 
superintendence  and  control  of  the  General  Con- 
vention of  the  Episcopal  church.  It  has  2  profes- 
sors, and,  soon  after  the  opening  of  the  institution, 
there  were  18  students.  Efl!brts  are  making  to 
raise  funds  for  the  purchase  of  a  librarj',  and  for 
the  support  of  professors  and  indigent  students. 

On  Mill  river,  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
New  Haven,  but  within  the  limits  of  Hamden,  is 
a  manufactory  of  fire  arms,  established  by  Mr. 
Whitney.  The  various  parts  of  the  process  arc 
performed  by  very  ingenious  machinerj',  invented 
by  the  proprietor,  and  there  is  said  to  be  a  much 
greater  uniformity  in  every  part  of  the  musketi 
made  in  this  manufactory,  than  can  be  found  in 
those  made  in  any  other  place. 

Xew  Hav€7i,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mexicc 
bay,  in  Lake  Ontario. 

JV'eiv  Haven,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Kew  Holland,  an  island  between  the  Indian  and 
Pacific  oceans,  the  largest  in  the  world,  and,  ac- 
cording to  some  geographers,  entitled,  from  its 
great  extent,  to  the  appellation  of  a  continent.  It 
is  2,600  miles  long,  from  E.  to  W.  between  Sandy 
cape  and  the  entrance  of  Shark's  bay  ;  and  2,000 
miles  broad,  between  Cape  York,  on  the  north, 
and  Wilson's  promontory,  in  39°  10'  S.  lat.  The 
coasts  of  this  extensive  country  were  first  discov- 
ered by  the  Dutch  in  1606,  and  were  visited  by 
Dampier  in  1688.  In  1770,  Capt.  Cook  explored 
the  eastern  coast;  and  by  various  expeditions, 
fitted  out  by  the  British  government,  between 
1795  and  the  present  time,  a  complete  survey  has 
been  made  of  the  whole  coast,  except  8  or  9  de- 
grees of  lat.  in  the  N.  W. ;  the  position  of  every 
point  has  been  ascertained;  and  every  inlet  and 
bay  has  been  traced  to  its  conclusion. — The  coast 
is  extremely  diversified,  and,  seen  from  the  dis- 
tance of  several  miles,  has  the  appearance,  in 
some  }iarts,  of  ranges  of  small  and  sterile  islands ; 
in  other  parts,  the  shores  are  steep  and  inaccessi- 
ble, while  on  the  northern  coast  they  are  very  flat, 
and,  to  all  appearance,  sandy  and  barren.  On  the 
cast  coast,  there  is  a  singularbarrier  of  coral  reefs, 
which,  according  to  captain  Flinders,  extends 
along  the  coast,  at  the  distance  of  20  or  30  leagues, 
in  a  N.  W.  direction,  from  about  23'  S.  lat.  to 
Torres  strait,  in  lat.  10°  ?.  a  distance  of  840  miles. 


519 


NEW 


Very  little  is  known  of  the  interior  of  New  Hol- 
land. Several  expeditions,  however,  have  been 
sent  out,  within  a  few  years,  from  the  British  col- 
ony of  New  South  Wales,  on  the  eastern  coast ; 
particularly  two,  in  1817  and  1818,  under  Lieut. 
Qxley,  who  traced  two  large  rivers  for  several 
hundred  miles  towards  the  interior.  From  the 
result  of  these  expeditions,  and  from  the  fact  that 
tio  river  of  any  magnitude  discharges  its  waters 
into  the  ocean,  on  any  part  of  the  coast,  it  appears 
highly  probable  that  the  surface  of  this  vast  coun- 
try resembles  that  of  a  shallow  basin,  whose  mar- 
gin is  the  sea  coast,  from  which  the  waters,  de- 
scending towards  the  interior,  form  a  succession 
of  swamps  and  morasses,  or  perhaps  a  vast  medi- 
terranean sea.     See  J^Tew  South  Wales. 

JVew  Holland,  p-t.  in  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  12  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Lancaster,  54  N.  W.  Philadelphia. 
JVeto  Hope,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  N.  C. 
J^eiv  Hope,  p-v.  Spartanburg  district,  S.  C. 
JVew;  Iberia,  p-t.  Attakapas  district,  Louisiana, 
on  the  Teche,  9  m.  by  land,  below  St.  Martins- 
ville, 30  by  water. 

JVewichawannock.     See  Piscataqua  river. 
J^ewiges,  a  large  village  of  Prussian  Westpha- 
lia, in  the  duchy  of  Berg,  and  lordship  of  Harden- 
terg. 

Newingion,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Great  Bay,  and  on  the  Piscataqua  river,  5 
m.  N.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop,  508. 

JVewington,  or  J^'ewington  Bulls,  parish,  Eng. 
in  Surry,  forming  one  of  the  suburbs  of  London. 
Pop.  23,853. 

JVetvington  Green,  v.  Eng.  2  m.  from  London. 
■New-Inlet,  a  channel  between  two  small  islands 
on  the  coast  of  N.  J.     Lon.  74"  15'  W.    Lat.  39° 
^0'  N. 

J^ew-Inlel,  channel  of  the  Atlantic  between 
Cape  Fear  island  and  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina. 
Lon.  78°  5'  W.    Lat.  33"  56'  N. 

J^ew  Ipswich,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  18  m. 
g.  W.  Amherst,  44  from  Concord,  52  N.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,395.  It  is  watered  by  Contoocook  river. 
It  contains  two  churohes,  an  academy,  and  vari- 
ous mills. 

JVew  Jersey  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N.  by 
New- York ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic  and  by  Hudson 
river,  which  separates  it  from  New-York ;  S.  by 
Delaware  bay,  and  W.  by  Delaware  river,  which 
separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  It  extends  from 
lon.  74"  to  75"  29'  W.  and  from  lat.  39"  to  41"24'N. 
It  is  160  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  contains 
8,320  square  miles,  or  5,324,(X)0  acres.  Pop.  in 
1790,  184,139;  in  1800,  211,149,  and  in  1810, 
245,562,  of  whom  10,851  were  slaves,  and  7,843 
were  free  blacks.  The  number  of  militia  in  1810, 
was  33,710,  and  in  1821,  35,241. 

The  State  was  divided,  in  1810,  into  13  coun- 
ties and  116  towns.  The  three  northern  counties 
are  mountainous  ;  the  next  four  are  agreeably  di- 
versified with  hills  and  vallies.  The  six  southern 
counties,  including  all  the  coast  from  Sandy  Hook 
to  Cape  May,  are  level  and  principally  barrren, 
producing  little  else  but  shrub-oaks  and  yellow 
pines.  The  mountainous  and  hilly  parts  of  the 
State  have  generally  a  strong  soil,  and  form  a  fine 
grazing  country.  The  farmers  there  raise  great 
numbers  of  cattle  for  the  markets  of  New- York 
and  Philadelphia.  They  also  raise  wheat,  rye, 
saaize,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  &c.  Near  New- York 
and  Philadelphia,  great  attention  has  been  paid  to 
the  cultivation  of  fruit  and  vegetables  ;  and  the 
finest  apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums,  cherries,  and 
melon?,  arc  carried  to  these  markets.    Fine  or- 


NEW 

chards  abound  ni  all  the  norlhei'n  half  of  the  State, 
and  the  cider  of  New- Jersey,  particularly  that  of 
Newark,  is  of  proverbial  excellence. 

The  most  important  mineral  production  is  iron, 
which  is  found  in  immense  quantities  among  the 
mountains  in  tlie  nortliern  part  of  the  State.  In 
the  county  of  Morris,  there  are  7  rich  iron  mines, 
2  furnaces,  2  rolling  and  slitting  mills,  and  about 
30  forges.  Great  quantities  of  bog  iron  ore  arc 
also  found  in  the  southern  counties,  and  the  annual 
produce  in  the  whole  State  is  estimated  at  2,500 
tons,  exclusive  of  hollow  ware  and  various  other 
castings,  of  which  vast  quantities  are  made.. 

Besides  the  manufactui'e  of  iron,  there  are, 
particularly  in  Trenton,  Newark,  and  Elizabeth- 
town,  many  valuable  tanneries,  where  a  large 
quantity  of  excellent  leather  is  made.  Shoes  are 
made  in  great  numbers  at  Newark.  The  estima- 
ted value  of  manufactures  in  1 810,  was  $7,054,594. 
Almost  all  the  foreign  goods  consumed  in  this  State 
are  imported  at  New-York  and  Philadelphia,  and 
the  produce  of  the  State  is  principally  carried  to 
those  cities  for  exportation.  Hence,  the  exports 
from  this  State  in  1820,  amounted  only  to  $20,531, 
and  the  revenue  in  1815,  to  $13,612.  The  amonnt 
of  shipping  in  1816,  was  33,211  tons. 

The  Presbyterians  are  the  most  numerous  reli- 
gious denomination.  The  number  of  their  church- 
es in  1818,  was  74 ;  of  Dutch  Reformed  31  ;  of 
Baptists,  30  ;  of  Episcopalians,  24  ;  of  Congrcga- 
tionalists,  9.  At  the  same  time  the  Friends  had 
44  meeting  houses,  and  the  Methodists  were  nu- 
merous. There  is  a  college  at  Princeton,  and  a 
Theological  Seminary,  under  tlie  direction  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
There  is  also  a  Theological  Institution  at  New 
Brunswick,  under  the  direction  of  the  General  Sy- 
nod of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Churches. 

The  Legislature  is  composed  of  a  legislative 
council  and  house  of  assembly.  The  council  is 
chosen  annually,  and  consists  of  13  members,  each 
county  choosing  one.  The  assembly  consists  of  35 
members,  and  is  chosen  annually.  The  executive 
is  composed  of  a  governor,  chosen  by  a  joint  ballot 
of  the  legislature  ;  a  vice-president,  chosen  by  the 
council,  and  a  privy  council,  consisting  of  three 
members  of  the  legislative  council.  The  annual 
elections  are  in  October.  Trenton  is  the  seat  of 
government. 

It  has  long  been  in  contemplation  to  open  a 
navigable  communication  between  Philadelphia 
and  New-York,  by  means  of  a  canal  from  New- 
Brunswick  on  the  Raritan,  to  Trenton  on  the 
Delaware.  A  company  was  incorporated  in  New 
Jersey  many  years  ago  for  this  purpose,  and  a  sur- 
vey ot  tlie  intended  route  was  made,  from  which 
the  practi(;ability  of  a  canal  for  sea  vessels  was 
ascertained.  The  expense  is  estimated  at  $800,000, 
J^eiv  Keith,  v.  Scotland,  in  Banfishire.  Pop. 
1,000. 

JVew  Kent,  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  Pamunky  and 
York  rivers.  Pop.  6,478,  including  3,725  slaves. 
Chief  town,  Cumberland.  At  the  court-house  is 
a  post-office. 

JVeiv  Lancaster,  p-t.  and  cap.  Fairfield  co.Ohio, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Hockhocking,  which  is  here 
an  inconsiderable  stream.  36  m.  S.  W.  Zancsville, 
34  N.  E.  Chillicothe.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  print- 
ing office,  at  which  a  newspaper  is  published,  an 
elegant  court-house,  and  about  75  dwelling  hou- 
ses. Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  About  a  mile 
N.  of  the  town  is  a  rock  of  sand  stone,  which  rises 
abruptly  400  or  500  feet,  and  afibrds  a  delightful 
prospect. 


NEW 

JS'ew  Lebanon,  p-v.  in  Canaan,  Columbia  co. 
A^.  Y-  on  the  turnpike  between  Pittsfield,  (Mass.) 
and  Albany,  6  miles  from  the  former  and  24  from 
the  latter.  Here  is  a  warm  spring  of  considerable 
celebrity.  The  water,  however,  is  perfectly 
tasteless  and  inodorous,  is  used  for  culinary  purpo- 
ses, and  differs  very  little  from  pure  mountain  wa- 
ter, except  in  the  temperature,  which  is  73°  of 
Fahrenheit  It  is  found  very  useful  in  salt  rheums, 
and  various  other  cutaneous  affections.  In  this 
place  is  a  village  of  Shakers.  They  are  said  to 
possess  nearly  3,000  acres  of  land.  The  utmost 
neatness  is  conspicuous  in  their  houses,  fields,  gar- 
dens, court-yards,  and  every  thing  belonging  to 
their  establishment.  The  property  is  all  in  com- 
mon. The  scenery  of  New-Lebanon  is  remarka- 
bly beautiful. 

JVew;  Lebanon,  p-t.  Camden  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
Pasquotank,  14  m.  above  Elizabeth  city. 

JVew  Lexington,  p-t.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 
Eaton. 

JVew  Lexington,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Indiana,  17  m. 
W.  Madison.  It  contains  at  present  about  40 
houses.  A  newspaper  is  published  here.  Salt  is 
manufactured  at  this  place,  and  the  ground  has 
been  penetrated  to  the  depth  of  more  than  700  feet 
iu  quest  of  salt-water. 

JVew  Lexington,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on  Mo- 
hiccan  creek,  10  m.  from  Belville. 

J^ew  Lexingt07i,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  13  m.  E. 
Mount  Vernon, 

Jfewlandside,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  li  m.  S.  W. 
Stanhope.     Pop.  693. 

Mwlin,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  780. 

mw-Lisbon,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  W. 
Cooperstown,  76  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,982. 

New-Lisbon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Little  Beaver,  14  m.  fr.  Ohio 
river,  35  S.  Warren,  56  N.  W.  Pittsburg,  160  N. 
E.  Columbus.  It  contains  an  elegant  court-house 
and  jail,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  public  libra- 
ry, an  academy,  and  3  churches.  In  the  vicinty 
are  a  furnace,  several  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill,  2 
woollen  factories,  a  fulling-mill,  carding  machine, 
and  a  glass  factory. 

New-London,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  30  m. 
N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  692. 

New-London,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Windham 
and  Tolland  counties,  E.  by  Rhode-Island,  S.  by 
Long-Island  sound,  and  W.  by  Middlesex  co.  Pop. 
34,707. 

New-London,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  half  shire 
town,  in  New-London  co.  Ct.  is  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  14  m.  S. 
Norwich,  42  S.  E.  Harttbrd,  53  E.  New-Haven, 
59  S.  W.  Providence,  60  W.  Newport.  Lon.  72" 
12' W.  Lat.41''25' N.  Pop.  in  1810,  3,238.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  a  marine  insur- 
ance office,  2  newspaper  establishments,  and  5 
houses  of  public  worship.  The  inhabitants  own 
considerable  shipping,  employed  in  the  coasting 
trade,  the  trade  with  the  West-India  islands,  and 
the  fisheries.  The  amount  of  shipping  in  New- 
London  district,  in  1816,  was  14,685  tons. 

The  harbor  is  the  best  in  the  State,  having  5 
fathoms  water,  and  being  safe,  spacious,  accessi- 
ble at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  at  all  times  of 
tide,  and  unobstructed  l)y  ice ;  but  it  is  easily 
blockaded,  as  was  proved  during  the  late  war.  It 
is  defended  by  Fort  Trumbull  and  Fort  Griswold, 
the  first  on  the  New-London,  the  other  on  the 
Groton  side  of  the  river.  On  the  W.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  the  harbor  is  a  light-house,  on  a  point 


NEW 


511 


of  land  which  projects  considergibly  into  the  sound. 
A  steam-boat  line  connects  this  city  with  New- 
York,  and  is  continued  up  the  river  to  Norwich. 
The  boats  arrive  and  depart  three  times  a  week. 

New-London,  p-t.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

New-London,  p-t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Ohio, 
18  m.  E.  Springfield,  25  W.  by  S.  Columbus. 

New-Longeuil,  seigniory,  York  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  38  m.  W. 
Montreal. 

New-Madrid,  co.  Missouri. 

New-Madrid,  p-t.  and  cap.  New-Madrid  co. 
Missouri,  on  the  river  Mississippi,  70  m.  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  coun- 
try, and  is  laid  ou^  for  a  large  city,  but  owing  to 
the  unhealthiness  of  the  country  around,  its  growth 
has  been  small. 

New  Mark,  was  the  name  of  that  part  of  the 
margraviate  of  Brandenburg  E.  of  the  Oder,  con- 
taining 4,370  square  miles,  with  310,000  inhab- 
itants. In  1815,  on  the  new  arrangement  of 
the  Prussian  states,  the  chief  part  of  it  was  in- 
cluded in  the  government  of  Frankfort  on  the 
Oder,  and  a  smaller  part  annexed  to  that  of  Coes- 
lin  in  Pomerania. 

Newmarket,  t.  Eng.  long  celebrated  for  its  horse 
races.  The  race-ground,  on  whose  attractiojis 
the  town  chiefly  depends  for  its  support,  was  form- 
ed out  of  an  extensive  heath,  and  is  one  of  the  fin- 
est courses  iu  the  kingdom.  14  m.  E.  Cambridge, 
61  N.  London.  Lon.0"24'E.  Lat.  32°  15'  N.  Pop. 
1,917. 

New  Market,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  12  m.^ 
W.  Portsmouth,  38  S.  E.  Concord,  Pop.  1,061. 
At  the  junction  of  Lamprey  river  with  Great  bay 
is  a  considerable  village  ;  and  another,  at  a  place 
called  Newfields,  containing  about  20  houses. 

Newmarket,  p-t.  Dorchester  co.  Md. 

Newmarket,  p-v.  Spotsylvania  co.  V^a. 

New  Market,  p-t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W. 
Hillsborough. 

New  Marlborough,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  23 
m.  S.  S,  E.  Lenox.     Pop.  1,832. 

New  Milford,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Hous- 
atonnuc,  48  m.  S.  W.  Hartford.  Pop.  3,537.  It 
contains  6  houses  for  public  worship,  2  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  2  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Baptists, 
and  1  for  Quakers.  Here  are  valuable  quarrie,s 
of  marble,  several  forges  for  the  manufacture  ol 
iron,  and  a  variety  of  other  manufactures. 

New  Milford,  p-v.  Susquehannahco.  Pa. 

New  Mills,  V.  Burlington  co.  N.  H. 

Newmilns,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire.  It  is  a 
burgli  of  barony,  which  received  its  charter  ol 
erection  from  king  James  IV.  Pop.  1,000. 

Neicnham,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester  co.  on  the  Se- 
vern, 13m.S.  W.  Gloucestei\  Lon.  2°  27' W.  Lat. 
51°  47'  N.     Pop.  952. 

Newnstown,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  14  m.  N.  E.  Har- 
risburg. 

New  Orleans,  city  and  port  of  entry,  in  Orleans 
parish,  Loui^^iana,  and  capital  of  the  State,  is  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  105  miles  from  its 
mouth,  by  the  course  of  the  river,  and  about  90 
in  a  direct  line.  Lon.  90°  8'  W.  Lat.  29°  57'  N. 
Pop.  in  1802,  estimated  at  10  or  11,000  ;  in  1810, 
according  to  the  census,  it  was  17,242,  of  whom 
5,961  were  slaves;  in  1818,  it  was  estimated  at 
36,000,  and  was  very  rapidly  increasing.  An  in- 
telligent gentleman  on  the  spot  ventures  to  pre- 
dict that  in  10  years  it  will  be  100,000. 

The  city  is  regularly  laid  out ;  the  streets  are 
generally  40  feet  wide,  and  cross  each  other  at 


il2 


N  E  W 


right  angles.  On  the  streets  near  the  river  the 
houses  are  priticipEflly  of  brick,  but  in  the  back 
part  of  the  town,  of  wood.  The  buildings  have  no 
cellars,  except  the  vacancy  formed  between  the 
(he  ground  and  the  lower  floors  ;  which  are  rais- 
ed 5  or  6  feet  from  the  earth.  The  tornadoes  to 
which  the  country  is  subject,  will  not  admit  of  the 
buildings  being  carried  up  many  stories,  as  in  oth- 
er cities.  Most  of  the  houses  in  the  suburbs  have 
beautiful  gardens,  ornamented  with  orange  groves. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  an  arsenal,  a 
custom  house,  a  hospital,  a  catholic  college,  a  fe- 
male orphan  asylum,  two  theatres,  5  banks,  and 
several  churches  for  Catholics,  Presbyterians,  and 
Episcopalians.  There  are  5  newspapers  publish- 
ed in  the  city,  3  of  which  are  in'English,  and  the 
other  2  in  both  French  and  English. 

New-Orleans  is  admirably  situated  for  trade, 
near  the  mouth  of  a  noble  river,  whose  branches 
extend  for  thousands  of  miles  in  different  direc- 
tions, and  open  communications  with  the  various 
parts  of  the  most  extensive  and  fertile  valley  on 
the  face  of  the  earth.  The  river  in  front  of  the 
city  is  crowded  with  boats  from  a  thousand  differ- 
ent places  in  the  "  upper  country  ;"  from  Ken- 
tucky, Tenuessee,  and  Missouri ;  from  Ohio,  and 
even  from  Pennsylvania  and  New-York.  In  the 
year  ending  Oct.  1st,  1817,  1,500  flat-bottomed 
boats,  and  50O  barges  came  down  the  Mississippi  to 
this  place  loaded  with  produce.  During  the  same 
period,  the  number  of  arrivals  and  clearances  at 
the  port  was  1,030;  and  the  value  ol  the  exports 
$13,501,036,  nearly  two  thirds  as  much  as  that  of 
the  whole  United  States  in  1791.  The  amount  of 
shipping  belonging  to  the  port  in  1816,  was  13,299 
tons.  In  1819,  there  were  50  steam-boats  on  the 
western  waters  connected  with  the  commerce  of 
this  city,  measuring  together  7,306  tons.  At  the 
some  time  there  were  13  new  boats  on  the  stocks. 
The  following  table  presents  a  view  of  the  princi- 
pal articles  of  domestic  produce  which  arrived  at 
New-Orleans  during  the  years  ending  Oct.  1st, 
1815,  1816,  and  1817: 

Productions. 
Bacon  and  Hams,  cwt. 
Beef,  bbls. 
Cotton,  bales, 
Corn,  bushels, 
Flour,  bbls. 
Lead,  cwt. 
Molasses,  gallons, 
Sugar,  hhds. 
Talfia,  gallons, 
Tobacco,  hhds. 
Wheat,  bushels, 
Whiskey,  gallons, 

The  island  of  Orleans  is  formed  by  the  river  Mis- 
sissippi on  one  side,  and  the  lakes  Ponchartrain  and 
Maurepas,  together  with  an  outlet  of  the  river 
Mississippi,  called  the  Iberville,  on  the  other.  It 
is  about  160  miles  long,  and  from  3  to  50  broad. 
There  is  a  levee  or  artificial  m>ound  erected  along 
the  side  towards  the  Mississippi,  to  prevent  inun- 
dation.— In  December  1814,  the  British  made  an 
attack  on  New-Orleans,  but  were  repulsed  by  the 
Americans  under  General  Jackson,  with  the  loss 
of  about  3,000  men,  killed,  wounded  and  prison- 
ers. The  loss  of  the  American  army  is  stated  at 
only  7  men  killed,  and  6  wounded. 

New  Paltz,  p-t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 15  m.  S.  Kingston,  80  S.  Albany,  85  N.  New- 
York.     Pop.  3,999. 

New  Philadelphia,' p-v.  Harden  co.  Ken. 


1815. 

1816. 

1817. 

7,000 

13,000 

18,000 

5,000 

4,000 

4,000 

60,000 

65,000 

65,000 

120,0001130,000 

140,000 

75,0001  98,000|  190,000 

4,000 

5,500 

7,000 

500,000 

800,000 

1,000,000 

5,000 

7,300 

28,000 

150,000 

300,000  400,000 

5,000 

7,300   28,000 

95.000 

150,000 

230,000 

250,000 

NEW 

New  Philadelphia,  p-t.  and  cap.  I'uscarawas  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Muskingum,  50  m. 
N.  E.  Zanesville,  100  fr.  Columbus.  It  is  on  a  large 
and  beautiful  plain,  and  contains  the  county  build- 
ings, and  about  50  dwelling  houses. 

Newport,  t.  Eng,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  of  which 
it  may  be  regarded  as  the  metropolis.  It  stands 
nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  island,  and  on  the  banks 
of  the  navigable  river  Medina.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  4  m.  S.  Cowes,  97  S.  W. 
London.  Lon.  1"  17'  W.  Lat,  50"  42'  N.  Fop. 
3,855. 

Newport,  t.  Eng.  in  Monmouth  co.  about  4  m. 
from  the  mouth  of  the  river  Usk.  It  exports  coals 
and  cast  bar  iron  from  the  different  foundries  and 
forges  in  the  western  mountains.  8  m.  S.  Ponty- 
pool,  147  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  57'  W.  Lat.  51"  35' 
N.     Pop.  2,346. 

Newport,  t.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  20  m.  E.ShreAvs- 
bury,  140  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  2"  22'  W.  Lat. 
52"46'N.     Pop.  2,114. 

Newport,  s-p.  Wales,  in  Pembroke  co.  near  the 
entrance  of  the  river  Nevern,  which  falls  into 
Newport  bay.  12  m.  S.  W.  Cardigan,  243  W. 
London.  Lon.  4"  49'  W.  Lat.  52"  1'  N.  Pop. 
1,433. 

Newport.     See  Nieuport. 

Neivport,  borough,  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  which 
sends  two  members  to  parliament.  3  m.  from 
Launceston. 

Newport,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  86 
m.  S.  E.  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  160. 

Newport,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  25  m.  W. 
Bangor. 

Newport,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  8  m.  E.  Con- 
necticut river,  42  N.  W.  Concord.  Pop.  1,427. 
It  contains  2  churches,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for 
Congregationalists, 

Newport,  co.  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  R.  I.  compri- 
sing the  towns  of  Newport,  Jamestown,  Little 
Compton,  Middletown,  New  Shoreham,  Ports- 
mouth, and  Tiverton.     Pop.  16,294. 

Newport,  p-t.  and  cap.  Newport  co.  R.  Island, 
and  semi-metropolis  of  the  State,  stands  on  the  S. 
W.  side  of  Rhode-Island,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  14 
S.  Bristol,  30  S.  by  E.  Providence,  72  S.  S.  W. 
Boston.  Lon.  7ri7'W.  Lat.  4r29'N.  Pop. 
7,907.  The  harbor,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
the  world,  spreads  westward  before  the  town.  If 
is  of  a  semicircular  form,  of  safe  and  easy  access, 
suiliciently  capacious  to  contain  a  large  fleet,  and 
deep  enough  for  vessels  of  the  largest  burden.  It 
is  defended  by  Fort  Wolcott,  erected  on  Goat 
island,  and  two  other  forts,  called  Fort  Adams  and 
Fort  Green.  On  Goat  island  there  is  a  military 
hospital  belonging  to  the  U.  S. 

The  site  of  the  town  is  a  beautiful  declivity, 
which  rises  gradually  from  the  harbor,  presenting 
a  fine  view  as  you  approach  it  from  the  water. 
The  beauty  of  its  situation,  and  the  salubrity  of 
its  climate,  have  made  it  a  place  of  fashionable  re- 
sort from  the  southern  and  middle  States  during 
the  summer  months.  Newport  contains  a  state- 
house,  a  market-house,  a  theatre,  an  alms-house,  a 
public  library,  5  banks,  2  insurance  companies, 
and  11  houses  of  public  worship,  4  for  Baptists,  2 
for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  i  for 
Friends,  1  for  Moravians,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1 
for  Jews. 

Newport  was  formerly  more  flourishing  than  it 
is  at  present.  Previously  to  the  American  revo- 
lution it  was  the  fourth  commercial  town  in  the 
British  colonies,  and  contained  at  one  period  mor'j 


NEW 


NEW 


51S 


thati  3,000  inhabitants.  During-  the  revolutionary- 
contest  it  was  for  a  long  time  occupied  by  the  en- 
emy, and  suffered  severely.  At  present  it  main- 
tains some  trade  with  the  E.  Indies,  Europe  and 
Cuba,  but  the  most  important  branch  of  its  com- 
merce is  the  coasting  trade  with  the  middle  and 
southern  States.  In  1819,  the  amount  of  shipping 
owned  here  was  10,951  tons.  The  fisheries  are 
very  valuable.  There  is  probablj'  no  fish  market 
in  the  world  which  affords  a  greater  variety.  ^The 
manufacturing  establishments  are  5  rope  walks,  7 
rum  distilleries,  1  gin  distillery,  4  tanneries,  5 
grain  mills,  and  1  duck  factory. 

Newport,  p-t  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  from 
Utica,  20  N.  Herkimer,  95  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
1,605. 

JVewporf,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  New  Jersey. 

Neivport,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pennsylvania.  Pop. 
566. 

Newport,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pennsylvania. 

JVewport,  p-t.  Newcastle  co.  Delaware. 

Newport,  p-t.  Charles  co.  Maryland. 

Newport,  r.  Liberty  co.  Geo.  which  communi- 
cates with  the  sea  by  two  mouths,  between  which 
lies  St.  Catherine's  island.  It  is  navigable  for 
sloops  to  Riceborough. 

Newport,  p-t.  and  cap.  Cocke  co.  East-Tennes- 
see. 

Newport,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
11m.  E.  Marietta. 

Newport,  p-t.  and  cap.  Licking  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  immediately  above  the  mouth  of  Licking 
river,  and  opposite  Cincinnati.  It  is  situated  on 
an  elevated  fertile  plain.  The  public  buildings 
are  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  market-house,  an 
academy,  incorporated  and  endowed  by  the  Le- 
gislature with  6,000  acres  of  land;  and  a  United 
States'  arsenal,  v/ith  barracks  for  2  or  3  regi- 
ments of  soldiers,  inclosed  by  a  stockade. 

Newporiage,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Ravenna. 

Netv  Portland,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine, 

Nen-port  Pagnell,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckingham  co.  on 
the  Ouse,  13  m.  S.  E.  Northampton,  51  N.  W. 
London.  Lon.  0°  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  5'  N.  Pop. 
2,515. 

Newport-Pratt,  t.  Ireland,  in  Mayo  co.  8  m.  W. 
Castlebar.     Lon.  9°  21'  W.  Lat.  53"  53'  N. 

New  Providence,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

New  Richmmid,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  15  m.  S.  W.  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1815, 
230. 

New  Richmond,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  E. 
Chillicothe. 

Neic  River.     See  Kenhawa. 

New  River,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  New  river 
inlet,  45  m.  W.  S.  W.  Cape  Lookout,  in  lon.  77° 
38'  W.  lat.  34°  27'  N. 

New  River,  r.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C.  which 
communicates  with  Savannah  sound,  W.  of  Daw- 
fuskey  island. 

Neie  Rochelle,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on  East 
river,  20  m.  from  New  York,  5  S.  Whiteplaius. 
Pop.  996. 

New  Rumley,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  N. 
Cadiz. 

Netcry,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  on  the  Newry 
water,  which  falls  into  Carlingford  bay.  It  was 
formerly  a  pass  and  military  post  of  considerable 
importance.  It  was  ruined  in  the  great  rebellion 
of  1641,  in  which  its  inhabitants  suffered  incredi- 
ble hardships.  After  the  restoration,  it  was  re- 
built, and  began  to  make  some  figure ;  but  in  Sep- 

65 


tember  1689,  it  was  again  reduced  to  ashes  by  the 
duke  of  Berwick.  In  consequence  of  the  suc- 
ceeding settlement  of  Ireland,  the  place  revived. 
Its  increase  has  been  chiefly  owing  to  its  canal, 
by  which  a  communication  lias  been  formed  be- 
tween Lough  Neagh  and  the  bay  of  Carlingford, 
by  means  of  which  vessels  of  50  or  60  tons  are 
enabled  to  pass  through  the  heart  of  Ulster.  The 
linen  manufacture  was  carried  on  very  extensive- 
Ij'^,  and  large  quantities  of  linen  were  exported, 
but  this  trade  has  been  of  late  much  injured. 
There  is  a  very  considerable  export  of  butter, 
beef,  pork,  and  grain.  There  are  also  some  ex- 
tensive manufactories.  50i  m.  N.  Dublin,  30  S. 
S.  W.  Belfast.  Lon.  6°  15'  W.  Lat.  54°  10'  N. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Neicry,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  24  m.  N.  W.  Paris. 
Pop.  202. 

New  Salem,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  16  m.  E. 
Greenfield.     Pop.  2,107. 

Netv  Salem,  p-v.  New  London  co.  Ct. 

JVe?;.'  Salem,  p-v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

New  Salem,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  W. 
Steubenville.     Pop.  in  1815,  500. 

New  Sharo7i,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine. 

Newshelf,  shoal,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Riou's 
island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  220°  47'  E.  Lat.  8° 
60' S. 

New  Shoreham,  R.  I.     See  Block  Island. 

Nero  South  Wales,  a  British  colony  on  the  east 
coast  of  New  Holland,  of  indefinite  extent.  All 
the  settlements  yet  made,  are  on  a  narrow  belt  of 
land  between  the  coast  and  a  lofty  range  of  hills, 
known  to  the  colonists  by  the  name  of  the  Blue 
mountains.  The  names  of  the  towns  are  Sydney, 
(the  capital,)  Paramatta,  Windsor,  Newcastle, 
and  Liverpool.  Sydney  is  in  lat.  32°  53'  S.  and 
all  the  rest  are  within  60  miles  of  Sydney. — The 
climate  of  this  country  is  healthy  and  pleasant. 
The  grains  in  cultivation  are  wheat,  maize,  bar- 
ley, oats,  and  rye ;  the  first  two  thrive  best,  and 
are  most  in  use.  Peaches,  apricots,  cherries,  or- 
anges, lemons,  and  various  other  fruits  are  raised 
in  great  perfection. 

'The  colonists  are  principally  convicts,  banished 
from  Great  Britain  for  their  crimes;  but  within  a 
few  jears,  voluntary  emigrants  of  industrious 
habits,  have  resorted  hither  in  considerable  num- 
bers :  the  state  of  society  has,  in  consequence, 
undergone  a  material  change  for  the  better ;  and 
property  of  all  kinds  has  improved  in  value  and 
security.  The  population,  stock,  and  produce 
have  increased  with  astonishing  rapidity.  The 
colony  was  planted  in  1788.  In  1800,  the  number 
of  horses  was  163;  of  horned  cattle,  1,024;  of 
sheep,  6,124.  In  1813,  the  number  of  horses  was 
1,891  ;  of  horned  cattle  21,513;  of  sheep,  65,121. 
The  following  are  the  returns  for  1817,  and  1818 : 


No.  of 

FOUls. 


1817, 
1818. 
luc 


■i 


20,379 
25.050 


4,671 


Hor- 


IHorn'dj 
cattle.  Sheep. 


Hogs. 


3,072  44,753  170.92OJ  17,842 
3,675  55,450[201,240  24,82'> 


603  10,697    30,320 


6,980 


cleard 
gro'd^ 
47,564 
49,600 

2,036 


No  attempts  were  made  to  crois  the  Blue  Ridge, 
for  the  purpose  of  exploring  the  interior  of  this 
counti-y,  until  the  year  1813.  Since  that  time, 
several  expeditions  liave  been  undertaken,  par- 
ticularly two  tmder  lient.  Oxley,  in  1817  and 
1818,  who  explored  the  country  for  several  hun- 
dred mile?  from  the  con =t.     He  ascertained  that 


514 


N  E  VV 


NEW 


several  large  rivers  rise  on  the  west  bide  of  the 
Blue  mountains,  and  traced  their  course  for  many 
hundred  miles  into  the  interior.  I'liey  appear  to 
terminate,  hoWfever,  in  immense  swamps  or  iuhuid 
lakeis;  and  from  all  that  was  discovered,  it  seems 
probable  that  the  country  will  not  admit  of  settle- 
rnent  beyond  200  miles  from  the  coast. 

jYeuj  !Store,  p-v.  Buckingham  co.  Va. 

JVew)  Sicitzerlandy  t.  Switzerland  co.  Indiana, 
on  Ohio  river,  settled  by  Swiss  emigrants.  They 
cultivate  the  vine,  and  in  1810,  2,400  gallons  of 
^vine  were  made  from  80  acres  of  vineyard. 

JV>u)  Smyrna,  t.  Florida,  on  Mosquito  river,  10 
m.  above  its  mouth,  70  m.  S.  St.  Augustine.  It 
was  originally  settled  by  a  colony  of  about  1,500 
Greeks  and  Minorcans. 

Newton,  t.  Wales,  in  Montgomery  co.  on  the 
Severn,  7  m.  S.  W,  Montgomery,  175  W.  by  N. 
London.  Lon.  3"  18'  VV.  Lat.  52°  30'  ?i.  Pop. 
2,025. 

Newton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  N.  E.  Man- 
chester.    Pop.  1,784. 

Newton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  6  m.  N.  E.  Stock- 
port.    Pop.  1,445. 

Newton  Bushel,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  14  m.  S. 
Exeter,  187  S,  W.  London.     Pop.  856. 

Newton,  borough,  Eng.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  5 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Newport,  92  S.  W.  London.  The 
harbor  is  safe,  and  admits  vessels  of  500  tons  bur- 
den. 

Newton,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  40  m.  W. 
Montreal. 

Newl07i,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Charles 
river,  opposite  Needham,  9  m.  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,709.  At  the  falls  of  the  river  here,  are  several 
paper-mills,  iron  manufactories,  and  snuff  mills. 

Newton,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

Newton,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  S.  W.  War- 
ren, 

Newton,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Zanesville. 

Newton-Limemddy,  t.  Ireland,  14  m.  S.  E.  Lon- 
donderry. 

Neu'ton  in  the  Willows,  borough,  Eng.  in  Lan- 
casshire,  193  N.  W.  London.     Pop.1,589. 

Newton-Stewart,  t.  Scotland,  in  VVigton  co.  on 
the  Cree,  17  m.  W.  by  S.  New  Galloway.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Newton-Stewart,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tyrone  co.  on  the 
river  Foyle,  94i  m.  fr.  Dublin  castle. 

Newloxcn,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  S.  Ex- 
eter, 10  N.  W.  Newburyport,  26  S.  VV.  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  454. 

Newtown,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Housa- 
tonnuc,  26  m.  N.  VV.  New  Haven,  48  S.  VV.  Hart- 
ford.    Fop.  2,834. 

Newtown,  t.  Queens  co.  on  Long  island,  N.  Y. 
bordering  on  East  river,  8  m.  E.  New  York.  Fop. 
2,437.  The  village  of  Newtown  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  3  churches.  The  celebrated 
9  pple,  called  the  Newtown  pippin,  takes  its  name 
from  this  place. 

Nev;tow}i,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.J.     Pop.  1,951. 

Newtown,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.J.     Pop.  2.082. 

Newtown,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  902. 

Newiown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Newtown,  p-t.  King-and-Queens  co.  Va. 

Newtown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Newtown,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  2  m.  from  Lit- 
tle Miami,  6  above  its  mouth,  20  fr.  Williamsburg. 

Neviown.  p-t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Newtown  Ardrts,  t.  Irehiud,  in  Down  co.  9  m. 
E  Belfast. 


Newtown  Barry,  or  Bunclody,  t.  Ireland,  ia 
Wexford  co.  10  m.  N.  VV.  Enniscorthy. 

Newtown  Bellew,  v.  Ireland,  in  Galway  co.  87-^ 
m  fr.  Dublin. 

New  Trenton,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Indiana. 

New  Vernon,  p-v.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Ncurville,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

Newty,  Fort,  Hind,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Concflu, 
in  possession  of  the  British.  Lon.  73°  40'  E.  Lat- 
15"  46'  N. 

New  Washington,  p-v.  Clark  co.  Indiana. 

Neil)  Windsor,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  5  m.  below  Newburgh,  65  N.  New  York. 
Pop.  2,331. 

New  Windsor,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Neiv  Work  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast 
of  Newfoundland.  Lon-  54°  30'  W.  Lat.  49' 
55' N. 

New  Yearns  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Staten  Land 
Lon.  64°  28'  W.  Lat.  54°  41'  S. 

New  Year''s  Isle,  isl.  on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  133"  4'  E.  Lat.  10°  55'  S. 

New  York,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Low- 
er Canada;  E.  by  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and 
Connecticut ;  S.  by  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylva- 
nia ;  and  VV.  and  N.  W.  by  Upper  Canada,  from 
whicli  it  is  separated  by  lake  Erie,  Niagara  river, 
lake  Ontario,  and  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  It  ex- 
tends from  lat.  40°  "i^i  to  45°  N.  and  from  lon.  73' 
to  79°  55'  VV.  Length,  on  the  parallel  of  42",  340 
miles.  Extent,  46,000  sq.  miles,  or  29,494,720 
acres.  Pop.  in  1756,  110,317;  in  1786,  238,897; 
in  1790,  340,120;  in  180C,  586,050;  in  1810, 
959,049;  of  whom  918,690  were  whites,  15,017 
slaves,  and  25,333  free  blacks ;  in  1820, 1,379,989. 
Militia  in  1821,  121,553. 

The  south-eastern  angle  of  the  State  is  moun- 
tainous, being  traversed  by  several  ridges  from 
New  Jersey,  one  of  which  crosses  the  Hudson  at 
the  highlands.  The  country  on  lake  Champlain 
is  hilly,  and  becomes  mountainous  as  you  approach 
the  highlands  which  divide  the  waters  of  this  lalce 
from  those  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  West  of  these 
highlands,  a  fine  country,  at  first  hilly,  then  level 
and  fertile,  extends  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  lake 
Ontario.  The  western  part  of  the  State  is  prin- 
cipally level,  except  near  the  Pennsylvania  boun- 
dary, where  it  becomes  hilly  and  mountainous. 
From  Genesee  river,  near  its  mouth,  to  Lewis- 
ton,  on  tlie  Niagara  river,  there  is  a  remarkable 
ridge,  running  almost  the  wliole  distance,  which 
is  78  miles,  and  in  a  direction  from  east  to  west. 
Its  general  altitude  above  the  neighboring  land  is 
.30  feet,  and  its  width  varies  considerably;  in  some 
places  it  is  not  more  than  40  yards.  Its  elevation 
above  the  level  of  lake  Ontario  is,  perhaps,  160 
feet,  to  which  it  descends  by  a  gradual  slope,  and 
its  distance  from  that  water  is  between  6  and  10 
miles.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  tliat  this 
remnrkable  ridge  was  once  the  margin  of  this 
great  lake.  About  20  miles  S.  of  this  ridge,  and 
parallel  with  it,  there  is  another  which  runs  from 
Genesee  river  to  Black  Rock.  The  country  be- 
tween the  ridges  is  called  the  Tonnewanta  valley, 
and  there  is  some  reason  to  believe  that  it  wa? 
once  covered  by  the  waters  of  lake  Erie. 

The  eastern  half  of  Long-Island  is  sandy  and 
barren;  the  western  part  is  fertile,  and  in  a  high 
state  of  culti\'ution.  The  country  on  tlie  Hudson 
below  the  mouth  of  tlie  Mohawk,  has  a  good  medi- 
um soil :  the  counties  of  Westchester  and  Dutchess 
are  imder  verygood  cultivation.  The  alluvial  flat* 


N  E  W 

©f  Columbia  and  some  part  of  Rensselaer  counties, 
are  very  extensive  and  rich.  A  considerable  dis- 
trict west  of  Albany  consists  of  sandy  plains,  inter- 
spersed witli  marshes.  The  alluvial  flats  on  the 
Mohawk  are  extensive  and  very  fertile.  The  soil 
of  the  vast  elevated  plain  of  the  western  region, 
occupied  by  the  small  lakes,  is  a  rich  mould, 
squally  well  adapted  to  grain  and  grass.  The 
alluvial  flats  are  here  extensive ;  those  on  Genesee 
river  include  about  60,000  acres.  Wheat  is  rais- 
ed in  this  Stale,  in  greater  abundance  than  all 
other  grains,  Indian  corn,  rye,  oats,  flax,  hemp, 
Ac.  are  also  extensivelycultivated. 

The  2)rincipal  minerals  are  iron  and  lead,  and 
there  are  indications  of  the  abundant  existence  of 
coal.  Lime,  marble,  marl,  flint,  gypsum,  slate 
for  building,  clays  for  manufacturing,  and  ochi-es 
of  various  kinds,  have  been  discovered  in  great 
quantities.  Salt  springs  exist  in  Onondaga,  Cay- 
uga, Seneca,  Ontario,  and  G  enesee  counties,  and 
yield  more  than  600,000  bushels  of  salt  annually, 
and  the  quantity  may  be  increased  indefinitely. 
The  principal  salt  worlis  are  at  Salina  on  Onon- 
daga lake.  The  mineral  waters  of  Saratoga  and 
Baliston  are  the  most  celebrated  in  America. 

The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  32  mem- 
bers, and  of  a  house  of  representatives,  v/ho  may 
not  exceed  150.  The  State  is  divided  into  four 
great  districts  .  for  the  choice  of  senators.  They 
hold  their  seats  for  4  years,  and  one-fourth  part  is 
elected  every  year.  The  representatives  are  cho- 
.sen  annually  by  counties.  The  governor  and 
Heutenant  governor  are  elected  for  3  years.  A 
Couu'-jI  of  Appointment,  consisting  of  the  gover- 
nor, and  a  Senator  from  each  of  the  four  great 
districts,  is  chosen  annually  by  the  legislature. 
In  this  council,  the  governor  presides,  with  only  a 
casting  vote.  1  he  number  of  officers  annually 
appointed  by  this  council  is  enormous;  embracing 
most  of  the  subordinate  officers  of  the  State. 

The  denominations  of  Christians  in  this  state 
are  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Associate  Re- 
formed Presbyterians,  Dutch  Reformed  Presbyte- 
rians, Baptists,  Methodists,  Friends,  German  Lu- 
therans and  Calvinists,  Moravians,  Catholics,  and 
Shakers. 

A  vast  fund,  amounting  in  value  to  a  million  and 
'd  half  of  dollars,  has  been  appropriated  to  the 
support  of  common  schools,  and  it  appears  from 
the  report  of  the  Superintendant  in  1820,  that 
5,763  schools  had  been  organized  according  to  law, 
and  that  nine-tentlis  of  all  ths  children  in  the 
State,  between  5  and  15  years  of  age,  received 
instruction.  Academies  and  colleges  are  also  well 
endowed.  The  colleges  are  Columbia  college, 
and  the  Medical  college,  in  the  city  of  New  York ; 
Union  college,  in  Schenectady ;  and  Hamilton 
college  at  Clinton.  There  are  40  or  50  incorpo^ 
rated  academies,  and  several  Theological  semina- 
ries. 

The  escorts  from  New  York  exceed  tliose  of  any 
other  State  in  the  Union,  and  in  1815,  it  paid  more 
than  one  third  of  tlie  revenue  of  the  U.  S.  and 
more  than  twice  as  rau,ch  as  any  other  State.  In 
the  amount  of  sliipping  it  is  surpassed  only  by 
Massachusetts,  and  in  the  value  ol  manufactures 
only  by  Pennsylvania.  The  value  of  the  manu- 
factures in  1810,  was  $25,370,289;  the  amount  of 
shipping,  in  1815,  309,290  tons;  and  the  revenue 
paid  in  1815,  $14,491,739.  The  exports  consist  of 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  rve,  beef,  pork,  lumber,  fee. 
■h'  their  vaUie  in  1816,  was  $19,690,031 ;  in  1817, 


NEW 


515 


$18,707,433;  in  1820,  $13,163,244,   about  one- 
third  of  which  was  foreign  produce. 

For  several  years  past,  the  State  has  been  en- 
gaged in  improvements  of  its  inland  navigation, 
on  a  scale  never  before  witnessed  in  this  country, 
and  with  an  energy  and  liberality  which  excite 
universal  admiration.  A  grand  canal  is  now  in 
progress,  which  will  open  a  water  communication 
from  Hudson  river  to  lake  Erie,  and  another  is 
already  completed,  uniting  the  same  river  with 
lake  Chaniplalu. 

The  Erie  caiial,  when  completed,  will  be  850 
miles  long.  The  route  is  as  follows :  Beginning 
at  Albany,  on  the  Hudson,  it  passes  up  the  west 
bank  of  that  river  nearly  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mo- 
liawk  ;  then  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Mohawk, 
through  the  counties  of  Albany,  Schenectady,  Mont- 
gomery, Herkimer,  and  Oneida,  to  Piome.  From 
Rome  it  proceeds  in  a  S.  W.  direction,  and  crossea 
Oneida  creek  into  Madison  county,  where  it  turns 
to  the  W.  and  passes  through  Onondago  county, 
approaching  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Salina,  at 
the  S.  end  of  Onondaga  lake.  It  crosses  Seneca 
river  at  Montezuma,  and  passing  by  Lyons  and 
Palmyra,  strikes  the  Genesee  river  at  Rochester. 
West  of  the  Genesee  river,  it  runs  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Ridge  road,  and  parallel  with  it  for  60  miles, 
and  then  turning  to  the  south,  joins  Tonnewanta 
creek  1 1  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Niagara  river. 
The  channel  of  the  Tonnewanta  will  be  made  use 
of  for  these  11  miles,  and  the  canal  will  then  pro- 
ceed in  a  southerly  direction  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Tonnewanta,  along  the  east  bank  of  Niagara 
river  to  Buff"alo  on  Lake  Erie. 

This  route  is  divided  into  three  sections.  The 
western  section  extends  from  Buffalo  to  Montezu- 
ma on  Seneca  river,  160  miles  ;  through  this  dis- 
tance the  level  of  the  canal  uniformly  descends 
from  the  lake,  and  the  whole  descent  is  194  feet  by 
25  locks.  The  middle  section  extends  from  Mon- 
tezuma to  Romt,  77  miles  ;  through  this  distance 
the  level  of  the  canal  uniformly  ascends,  and  the 
whole  ascent  is  49  feet.  The  eastern  section  ex- 
tends from  Rome  to  Albany,  113  miles:  through 
this  distance  the  level  of  the  canal  uniformly  de- 
scends ;  and  the  whole  descent  is  419  feet  by  46 
locks.  The  aggreijate  of  rise  and  fall  is  therefore 
6G2  feet,  and  the  difference  of  levels  between  Lake 
Erie  and  the  Hudson,  564  feet. 

The  canal  is  40  feet  wide  on  the  surface,  28 
at  the  bottom,  and  4  feet  deep.  It  was  estimated 
by  the  commissioners  in  1817,  that  the  whole  ex- 
pense would  be  $4,881,733  :  viz.  the  western  sec- 
tion, $1,756,862;  the  middle  section,  $853,186; 
the  eastern  section,  $2,196,690;  and  general  ex- 
penses $75,000.  The  average  expense  per  mile, 
according  to  this  estimate,  was  $13,800.  The  ca- 
nal was  commenced  on  the  4th  of  July  1817.  in 
1819,  the  whole  of  the  middle  section  was  comple- 
ted, and  tlic  i^art  of  the  eastern  section  between 
Rome  and  Ltica;  a  distance  in  all,  of  96  miles. 
For  sixty-seven  miles  of  this  space,  the  canal  pro- 
ceeds on  the  summit  level,  without  a  single  lock. 
The  original  estimate  of  the  expense  of  these 
96  miles  was  $1,021,851  ;  the  actual  cost  was 
$1, 125,983.  Barges  of  70  tons  burden,  drawn  by- 
two  horses  at  the  rate  of  five  miles  an  hour,  now 
convey  passengers  from  Utica  to  Montezuma,  a 
distance  of  96  miles. 

During  the  year  1820,  51  miles  of  the  western 
section,  including  the  whole  distance  from  Gen- 
esee riv«r  to  Monte/uma,  excx^pt  about  9  mflea. 


516 


NEW 


NEW 


was  either  completed,  or  under  contract.  During 
the  same  year,  31  miles  of  the  eastern  section,  be- 
ginning at  Utica,  and  extend-ng  eastvvardly  aJong 
the  valley  of  the  Mohav/k,  was  put  in  such  a  state 
of  forwardness,  as  to  insure  its  completion  in  the 
course  of  the  yeai-  1821.  In  their  report  of  March 
1821,  the  commissioners  anticipate  the  entire  com- 
pletion of  the  canal  before  the  close  of  the  year 
1823. 

Among  the  benefits  of  this  grand  enterprise,  it 
is  expected,  that  beside  furnishing  an  outlet  for 
the  agricultural  produce  of  vast  and  fertile  re- 
gions, salt  may  be  supplied  to  the  Atlantic  States 
from  the  great  salt  works  at  Salina,  cheaper  than 
from  abroad.  In  the  progress  of  the  canal  also, 
gypsum  of  the  best  quality  has  been  discovered, 
and  in  sufficient  quantities  for  the  supply  of  the 
whole  United  States. 

The  Champlain  canal  is  22  miles  long  from 
"Whitehall  at  the  mouth  of  Wood  creek  on  Lake 
Champlain,  to  Fort  Edward  on  the  Hudson.  It 
is  40  feet  wide  at  the  surfl^ce,  28  at  the  bottom, 
and  4  feet  deep.  The  locks  arc  90  feet  long,  and 
14  feet  wide  in  the  clear.  The  descent  from  the 
summit  level  to  Lake  Champlain  is  54  feet,  and 
from  the  summit  level  to  the  Hudson,  30  feet.  The 
expense  was  'about  3260,000.  The  canal  was 
opened  in  the  summer  of  1320,  and  though  the 
navigation  was  interrupted  for  three  months,  con- 
siderable quantities  of  lumber  passed  through  it. 
By  means  of  dams,  locks,  and  other  improvements, 
a  good  boat  navigation  has  been  opened  on  the 
Hudson,  from  Fort  Edward,  as  far  down  as  Sara- 
toga falls.  At  Saratoga  falls  a  canal  was  com- 
menced in  1820,  which  is  to  extend  along  the  west 
bank  of  the  Hudson  to  Waterford,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mohawk,  a  distance  of  27  miles.  The  whole 
expense  of  continuing  the  Champlain  canal  from 
Fort  Edward  to  W'ateribrd,  was  originally  estima- 
ted at  i^'62 1,000,  but  from  more  minute  examina- 
tion of  tha  countr)',  and  the  discovery  of  unex- 
pected facilities,  the  estimate  is  now  reduced  to 
$400,000.  It  is  expected  that  the  whole  will  be 
completed,  and  a  navigation  ojJGoed  from  Lake 
Champlain  to  the  tide  waters  of  tiie  Hudson  in 
5822.  Plans  have  been  recently  submitted  to  the 
Icgislatare  of  the  State  for  imjjroving  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Hudson  below  the  head  of  tide  waters, 
so  as  to  admit  of  tfie  ascent  of  ships  to  Albany. 

JVeio  York,  the  first  commercial  city  in  America, 
is  on  the  island  of  the  same  name,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  Hudson  and  East  rivers,  in  lat.  40"  42'  40" 
N.  and  Ion.  74°  0'  4,5''  W.,  90  m.  N.  E.  Philadel- 
phia, 210  S.  W.  Boston,  160  S,.  Albany,  390  S. 
Montreal.  The  city,  county,  and  island  of  New 
York  are  of  the  same  extent.  The  island  is  1.5 
miles  long,  and  on  an  average  1^  broad,  and  is  sep- 
arated from  New  Jersey  by  the  Hudson  ;  from  the 
continental  part  of  New  York  by  Haarlem  creek ; 
from  Long  island,  by  East  river ;  and  from  Stat- 
en  island,  by  New  York  bay  or  harbor. 

The  compact  part  of  the  city  is  at  the  S.  end  of 
the  island,  and  extends  along  the  Hudson  about  2 
miles  ;  and  from  the  Battery,  in  the  S.  W.  corner, 
along  East  river,  nearly  4  mile?.  Its  circuit  is 
about  8  miles.  The  streets  of  the  ancient  part, 
at  the  S.  end  of  the  city,  are  frequently  narrow 
and  crooked,  but  all  the  northern  part  has  been 
recently  laid  out,  and  with  much  better  taste. 
The  principal  street  is  Broadway,  which  is  80 
feet  wide,  and  extends  from  the  Battery,  in  a  N. 
E.  direction,  through  the  centre  of  the  city,  for 
three  miles.    It  is  generally  well  built,  and  a  part 


of  it  is  splendid.  The  houses  in  the  city,  gener** 
ally,  were  formerly  built  of  wood,  but  these  are 
fast  disappearing,  and  substantial  brick  houses, 
with  slated  roofs,  rising  in  their  place.  The  city 
is  divided  into  10  wards. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  the  most  promin- 
ent and  important  is  the  City  Hall,  which  is  the 
most  beautiful  edifice  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  216  feet 
long,  105  broad,  and,  including  the  attic  story, 
65  feet  high.  The  front,  and  both  ends  above 
the  basement  story,  are  built  of  white  marble. 
The  expense  was  $500,000.  It  is  occupied  by 
the  City  council  in  their  meetings,  and  by  the 
different  courts  of  law. — The  New  York  Hos- 
pital comprises  the  Hospital  for  the  reception 
of  the  sick  and  disabled,  the  lunatic  asylum, 
and  the  lying-in  hospital.  The  annual  expen- 
diture is  about  $40,000.  During  the  year  1819, 
1,725  patients  were  admitted,  of  whom  1,320 
were  cured.  A  valuable  medical  library  of 
about  3,000  volumes,  is  attached  to  the  institu- 
tion.— "The  Alms  Hoase  is  a  plain  stone  structure, 
on  East  river,  2  miles  from  the  city  hall.  It  is  3 
stories  high,  320  feet  long,  and  50  wide,  recently 
erected.  The  expense,  including  the  workhouse, 
penitentiary,  and  other  buildings  connected  with 
it,  was  $418,791.  In  1816,  the  number  of  poor 
in  this  institution  was  1.487,  and  the  expense  of 
the  establishment  $90,886.— The  State  prison  is 
on  the  Hudson,  at  Greenwich,  about  li  mile  from 
the  city  hall.  It  is  constructed  of  free  stone.  The 
number  of  prisoners  in  1814,  was  494,  and  in 
1819,  G04.  The  original  cost  of  the  establishment 
was  $208,846,  and  large  sums  have  been  voted  by 
the  legislature  to  defray  the  annual  expenses. — 
The  New  York  Institution  is  near  the  city  hall, 
and  its  apartments  are  occupied  by  the  literary 
and  philosophical  society  ;  the  historical  society, 
which  has  a  library  of  about  5,000  volumes,  and 
a  permanent  fund  of  $12,000;  the  American 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  which  has  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  paintings  and  statues ;  the  Lyceum  of 
natural  history ;  and  the  American  Museum. 

Columbia  college,  formerly  called  King's  col- 
lege, was  established  in  1754.  It  has  a  presi- 
dent, 5  professors,  140  students,  a  library  of  3,000 
or  4,000  volumes,  a  valuable  philosophical  ap- 
paratus, and  an  annual  revenue  of  more  thau 
$4,000.  A  Faculty  of  medicine  was  formerly  at- 
tached to  the  institution,  but  in  1814  it  was  sepa- 
rated from  it. 

A  college  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  was  es- 
tablished in  1807,  and  in  1814,  the  Faculty  of 
medicine  was  united  with  it,  which  was  formerly 
attached  to  Columbia  college.  Thus  united,  the 
college  of  Physicians  has  7  professors,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  respectable  and  flourishing  medical 
institutions  in  the  country.  The  Elgin  Botanic 
garden  is  also  attached  to  this  institution. 

A  Theological  Seminary  was  instituted  in  this 
city  in  1805,  by  the  general  Synod  of  the  Asso- 
ciate Reformed  church.  In  1818,  it  had  2  pro- 
fessors, 26  students,  and  a  library  of  about  5,000 
volumes. 

Among  the  other  institutions  are  a  theatre, 
Vauxhall  and  other  public  gardens,  an  orphan 
asylum,  an  asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  a  cus- 
tom-house, 8  market-houses,  11  banks,  11  insur- 
ance companies,  numerous  benevolent  and  chari- 
table institutions  for  the  relief  of  ihe  poor,  the 
sick,  the  aged,  the  widow,  the  orphan,  and  the 
stranger. — The  New  York  Society  Library  con- 
tains about  15,000  volumes,  valued  at  more  than 


NEW 

$40,000. — In  1817,  there  were  published  in  tlie 
city,  7  daily  newspapers,  5  semi-weekly,  and  5 
weekly,  besides  several  monthly  literary,  and  reli- 
gious raag;azines. — There  are  57  houses  of  public 
worship,  12  for  Episcopalians,  6  for  Presbyterian?, 
1  for  Reformed  Presbyterians,  1  for  Associate 
Presbyterians,  3  for  Associate  Reformed  Presbyte- 
rians, 7  for  Dutch  Reformed  Presbyterians,  8  for 
Methodists,  6  for  Baptists,  3  for  Friends,  2  for  Ro- 
man Catholics,  1  for  German  Lutherans,  1  for 
German  Calvinists,  1  for  Moravians,  1  for  Uni- 
versalists,  1  for  Jews,  1  for  Seamen,  1  for  Sweden- 
bora;ians,  and  1  for  Unitarians. 

The  Battery  is  a  beautiful  open  space.,  contain- 
ing several  acres,  at  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  city. 
It  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  harbor,  with  its 
shipping,  islands,  and  fortifications,  and  is  much 
frequented  by  the  citizens.  The  Park  is  a  hand- 
some common,  in  front  of  the  City  Hall,  contain- 
ing 4  acres,  and  is  also  a  fashionable  resort.  The 
Elgin  Botanic  garden  is  3^  miles  from  the  city  hall, 
and  contains  about  20  acres.  It  was  founded  in 
1801,  by  Dr.  David  Hosack,  and  was  purchased 
by  the  State  in  1810,  for  $74,268,  and  presented 
to  the  Medical  college. 

New  York  harbor  is  a  large  bay,  9  miles  long, 
and  4  broad,  which  spreads  before  the  city  on  the 
S.  side,  having  Long  Island  on  the  E.  and  Staten 
Island  and  New  Jersey  on  the  W.  On  the  N.  it 
receives  the  Hudson;  on  the  N.  E.  it  communi- 
cates with  Long  Island  Sound  through  East  river ; 
on  the  W.  with  Newark  bay,  through  the  Kills  ; 
on  the  S.  with  the  Atlantic  ocean,  through  the 
Narrows.  It  embosoms  several  small  islands,  as 
Governor's  island,  Bedlow's  island,  and  Ellis's 
island,  near  the  city  of  New  York,  on  each  of 
which  are  fortifications.  The  harbor  is  deep 
enough  for  the  largest  vessels,  well  secured  from 
winds  and  storms,  sufficiently  spacious  for  the 
most  numerous  fleet,  and  the  currents  are  so  rapid, 
that  it  is  seldom  obstructed  by  ice;  not  having 
been  frozen  over  since  1780. 

New  York  is  admirably  situated  for  commerce, 
tm  an  excellent  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  a  noble 
liver,  with  an  extensive,  fertile,  and  populous 
back  country.  It  imports  most  of  the  goods  con- 
sumed in  the  State  of  New  York,  the  northern 
half  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  western  pai-ts  of  New 
l']ngland ;  and  exports  the  produce  of  the  same 
section.  This  city  owns  more  shipping  than  any 
tther  in  the  Union,  and  more  than  half  as  much 
Z3  the  city  of  London.  The  amount  of  shipping 
.in  1816,  was  299,617  tons.  The  revenue  from 
the  customs,  collected  at  this  port,  is  about  one- 
fjurth  of  the  whole  revenue  of  the  U.  States ;  in 
1815,  it  was  $14,409,790.— The  revenue  of  the 
t  ity,  for  city  purposes,  for  the  year  ending  May 
12th  1817,  was  $483,011. 

Few  cities  in  the  world  have  increased  so  regu- 
larly and  rapidly  as  New  York.  In  1697,  the 
population  was  4,302;  in  1756,  13,040;  in  1790, 
33,131;  in  1800,  60,489;  in  1805,  75,770;  in 
1810,96,373;  in  1820,  123,706.  The  inhabitants 
are  from  many  different  nations.  More  than  one- 
third  are  of  New  England  origin.  After  these, 
the  most  numerous  are  the  Dutch  and  Scotch,  and 
then  the  English,  Irish,  and  French. 

Mw  York,  t.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  23  m.  W.  Char- 
Ictte. 

JN'ew  York,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

J^ew  Zealand,  two  large  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ooean,  lying  E.  of  New  South  Wales,  divided  from 
*'\ch  other  by  a  strait  \2  or  15  miles  broad.    Lon. 


N  I  A 


17 


]  SI"  to  194"  W.  Lat.  34°  to  38"  S.  The  northern 
island  is  600  miles  long,  and  on  an  average  150 
broad,  and  the  southern  nearly  as  large.  The 
most  valuable  production  is  flax.  Wheat,  barley, 
and  all  the  common  European  grains  and  vegeta- 
bles, flourish  here.  The  inhabitants  are  a  high- 
minded  and  noble  race  of  men.  They  have  vir- 
tues which  place  them  in  the  highest  rank  of  un- 
civilized nations.  But  the  Missionaries  confirm 
the  report  that  they  are  cannibals,  as  they  have 
been  frequently  known  to  roast  and  devour  the 
prisoners  taken  in  war.  Their  principal  faults 
result  from  the  fierceness  of  an  untamed  spirit, 
and  not  from  the  low  vices  of  the  sensual.  War 
is  the  New  Zealander's  glory.  Fighting  is  the 
principal  topic  of  his  conversation.  He  believes 
that  the  soul,  as  soon  as  it  is  parted  from  the  body, 
is  engaged  in  war. 

At  Parramatta,  in  the  British  colony  of  New 
South  Wales,  a  seminary  has  been  established  fo? 
the  instruction  of  New  Zealanders  in  the  simple 
arts  of  life.  They  are  here  taught  to  spin,  weave, 
and  reap.  They  manifest  a  strong  desire  for  im- 
provement. In  February,  1820,  the  seminary 
contained  25  pupils.  Two  establishments  have 
also  been  made  in  New  Zealand  by  the  Church 
Missionary  Society,  and  with  very  promising  suc- 
cess. The  labors  of  the  Missionaries  and  settlers 
are  producing  a  sensible  change  on  the  people  im- 
mediately around  them ;  who  begin  to  respect  the 
Sabbath,  and  the  forms  of  the  Christian  religion. 
Their  warlike  disposition,  however,  creates  some 
difficulties.  They  are  most  earnest  for  the  in- 
struction of  their  children,  and  crying  out,  in  all 
directions,  for  Missionaries. 

Nexapa,  t.  Mexico,  5  leagues  W.  Oaxaca. 

Nexnpan,  San  Antonia  de,  settlement,  Spanish 
America,  in  Guatimala,  10  m.  S.  E.  St.  Salvador. 

JVexon,  V.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  15  m.  S.  S. 
W.Limoges.     Pop.  1,800. 

JVeyer,  district.  Hind.  inCutch,  about  24"  N.lat. 

J^eyland,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour,  6  m. 
N.  Colchester.     Pop.  933. 

JYganehan,  city,  China,  in  Koeitchoo.  Lon. 
105°  31' E.  Lat.  26°  12' N. 

J^ganlo,  t. China,  in  Houquang.  Lon.  Ill" 24' 
E.  Lat.  31°  14'  N. 

Nhing-koue,  city  of  China,  in  Eangnan.  Lon. 
118°24'^E.  Lat.3r2'N. 

Niabussun,  t,  Bengal,  in  Burdwan.  Lon.  87° 
25°  E.  Lat.  23°  45' N. 

JS'iagara,  r.  N.  America,  through  which  Lake 
Erie  discharges  itself  into  Lake  Ontario,  is  cele- 
brated for  its  falls,  one  of  the  grandest  natural  cu- 
riosities on  the  globe.  The  river  flows  from  S.  to 
N.  and  is  35  miles  long.  At  its  efflux  from  Lake 
Erie  it  is  |  of  a  mile  wide,  from  40  to  60  feet  deep, 
and  flows  with  a  current  of  7  miles  an  hour.  As  it 
proceeds,  the  river  spreads  to  the  width  of  6  or  7 
miles,  embosoming  several  islands,  particularly 
Grand  and  Navy  islands,  which  terminate  in  beau- 
tiful points  li  miles  above  the  falls.  A  little  be- 
low the  termination  of  these  islands,  commence  the 
rapids,  which  extend  a.  mile  to  the  precipice,  in 
which  space  the  river  descends  57  feet.  At  the 
precipice  it  is  |  of  a  mile  wide.  Here  Goat  isl- 
and divides  the  river  into  2  channels  ;  the  channel 
between  Goat  island  and  the  Eastern  or  United 
States'  shore,  is  also  divided  by  a  small  island. 
Over  the  precipice  the  river  falls  perpendicularly 
about  1 60  feet.  Much  the  greater  part  of  the  wa- 
ter passes  in  the  channel  between  Goat  island  and 
the  Canada  shore.     This  fail  is  called  from  its 


518 


N  I  C 


shape  the  Horse-shoe  fall.  Between  Goat  island 
and  the  small  island  in  the  eastern  channel,  the 
stream  is  only  8  or  10  yards  wide,  forming  a  beau- 
tiful cascade.  Between  this  small  island  and  the 
United  States  shore,  the  sheet  of  water  is  broad, 
and  the  descent  is  greater  by  a  few  feet  than  at 
the  Horse-shoe  fall,  but  the  stream  is  comparative- 
ly shallow. 

The  falls  are  seen  to  advantage  from  different 
positions.  The  best  single  view  is  that  from  the 
Table  rock  on  the  Canada  side ;  and  the  best  view 
of  the  rapids  is  from  Goat  island,  which  is  ingeni- 
ously connected  by  a  bridge  with  the  eastern 
shore.  The  view  from  the  river  below  is  the  most 
entire.  Below  the  falls,  the  river  runs  between 
perpendicular  banks  300  feet  high  to  Queeenston, 
7  miles ;  thence  to  Lake  Ontario  the  country  is 
open.  About  5  miles  below  the  fall?,  is  a  semicir- 
(jular  basin  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  300  yards  in 
circuit,  inclosed  by  rocky  cliffs.  The  current  con- 
fined here  forms  a  tremendous  whirlpool,  called 
the  Devil's  Hole,  after  %vhich  it  assumes  a  tranquil 
course.  From  Lewiston  to  its  mouth,  8  miles,  it 
affords  a  good  harbour  for  vessels.  From  the  lan- 
ding at  Lewiston  there  is  a  portage  of  9  miles  to 
Fort  Schlosser,  2  miles  above  the  falls. 

J^Tiagara,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Onta- 
rio, E.  by  Genesee  co.  S.  by  Oataraugus  co.  and 
W.  by  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara  river.  Pop.  6,132. 
Chief  town,  Buffalo. 

Niagara,  formerly  Schlosser,  p-t.  Niagara  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Niagara  river,  just  above  the  falls. 

Niagara,  t.  and  fort,  Niagara  co.  N.Y.on  the  Ni- 
agara, at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Ontario,  15  below 
the  great  falls.  Itwas  taken  by  the  British  in  1813, 
and  the  town  was  destroyed,  but  it  has  since  been 
rebuilt  in  a  better  style  than  before.  Lon.  79"  6' 
W,  Lat.  43°  14'  N. 

Miugur,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundawaneh.  Lon.  82°  11' 
E,  Lat.  22°  22'  N. 

Mak,  isl.  on  S.  W.  coast  of  East  Greenland. 
Lon.  43°  30'  W.  Lat.  59°  45' N. 

JV'tas,  or  Neas  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea*;,  off 
Tapanooly  bay, -.on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  a  strait  60  miles  broad. 
It  is  50  miles  long  by  20  broad. 

JSibbionna,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Lambro,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Como. 

JVibe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  9  m.  W.  S,  W. 
Aalborg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nicaragua,  a  province  of  the  kingdom  of  Gua- 
timala,  bounded  N.  by  Honduras,  E.  by  the  Carri- 
bean  sea,  W.  by  Guatimala  and  the  Pacific,  and  S. 
by  Costa  Rica. 

Nicaragua,  or  Leon  de  Nicaragua,  cap.  of  the 
above  proviiice.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Its  port 
is  Realexo,  which  is  situated  near  it,  on  the  river 
Realexo,  and  has  a  good  harbour.  Lon.  85°  4'  W. 
Lat.  11°  16' N. 

Nicaragua,  a  lake  of  fresh  water  in  the  above 
province,  120  miles  long,  and  41  broad.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  the  largest  vessels.  It  enters  the  sea  by 
the  east,  through  a  channel  called  the  river  San 
Juan,  which  is  64  miles  long,  and  on  which  a  con- 
siderable trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of  canoes 
amd  other  small  craft. 

Nicaslro,  anciently  Neocasb-um,  t.  Italy,  in  the 
S.  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  15 
m.  N.  W.  Squillace,  24  N.  N.  E.  Mileto.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Niccola  della  Strada,  t.  Naples,  S.  of  Capua. 
Pop^  2,000, 

S'ice,  a  county  or  province  in  the  Sardinian 


N  I  C 

states,  surrounded  by  Genoa,  Monaco,  the  man- 
time  Alps,  tlie  French  department  of  the  Var,  and 
the  Mediterranean.  Extent,  1,230  square  miles. 
Pop.  91,000. 

A7ce,  t.  in  the  N.  W.  of  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian 
states,  and  cap.  of  the  province  of  Nice,  It  stands 
at  the  mouth  of  the  small  river  Pagliou,on  the  Med- 
iterranean, and  is  delightfully  situated  at  the  foot 
of  an  amphitheatre  of  hills  covered  with  villas, 
gardens,  and  groves  of  orange  and  lemon  trees. 
Here  is  a  theatre,  public  baths,  coffee-houses,  a  li- 
brary, delightful  walks,  and  good  society.  These, 
added  to  the  presumed  salubrity  of  the  climate  in 
consumptive  complaints,  render  it  a  favourite  re- 
sort of  emigrating  foreigners,  particularly  English. 
The  harbour,  which  is  pi'otectedby  a  mole,  is  spa- 
cious and  secure,  and  is  capable  of  admitting  ves- 
sels of  300  tons.  The  trade  consists  chiefly  in  the 
export  of  the  oil,  wine,  and  silk  of  the  neighbour- 
hood. 92  m,  S.  W.  Genoa,  92  S.  by  W.  Turin. 
Lon.  T  16'  E.  Lat.  43"  41'  N,     Pop.  18,500. 

Nichaburg.     See  Nishapour. 

Nicholas,  co.  Va.  formed  in  1818,  of  a  part  of 
Greenbx-iar  county.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Nicholas,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  4,898,  including  509 
slaves. 

Nicholas  Island,  small  island  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  79°  40'  W.  Lat.  23°  15'  N. 

NicholasvUle,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jessamine  co.  Ken. 
20  m.  S.  W.  Lexington.  Pop.  158.  Here  is  a 
bank. 

Nichol  Forest,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  10^  m. 
N.  E.  Longtown.     Pop.  757. 

NicholPs  inn,  p-v.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

Nicholson,  or  Thornbotlom,  p-v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  169. 

Nicholson'' s  house,  p-v.  "Warren  co.  N.  C. 

Nickelsberg,  t.  Boliemia,  23  m.  S.  Dresden. 

Nicobar,  the  name  of  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  between  6°  and  10°  N.  lat.  and  be- 
tween 93°  and  95°  E.  lon.  There  are  7  large  and 
12  small  ones.  They  arealmost  all  inhabited  by  a 
quiet  and  inoffensive  people.  The  soil  produces  co- 
coa nuts,  pine  apples,  plantains,  lemons  and  other 
fruits  in  abundance,  but  t!ie  climate  is  very  un- 
healthy. The  Danes  attempted  a  settlement  here 
in  1736,  but  almost  all  the  colonists  died  within  a 
few  years, 

Nicojack,  a  cave  in  the  Cherokee  country,  20 
m.  S.  W.  Look-Out  mountain,  and  ^  a  mile  from 
Tennessee  river.  A  large  river,  60  feet  wide  and 
6  feet  deep  issues  from  its  mouth,  which  has  been 
explored  3  miles  in  a  canoe. 

Nicolaef.     See  Nicolaiev. 

Nicolai,  or  Nikolou;  t.  Prussian  Stales,  13  m.. 
N.  Plesse,  42  W.  N.  W.  Cracow.     Pop.  1,200. 

Nicolas  du  Port,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  7  m 
S.  E.  Nancy,  9  W.  x\.  W.  Luneville.     Pop.  3,200. 

Nicolet,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  takes  its  rise 
from  a  lake  S.  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  ajid  runs  N. 
W.  for  about  47  miles,  when  it  is  met  by  a  large 
branch,  navigable  for  boats  and  other  small  craft. 
From  this  point  its  course,  till  it  falls  into  Lake  St. 
Peter,  is  21  miles. 

Nicolet,  seigniory,  Lower  Canada,  in  Bucking- 
ham CO.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  16  m. 
S.  Three-Rivers.  The  village  consists  of  about  50 
houses  with  a  church. 

Nicoping,  or  Nyekiobing,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the 
island  of  Mors,  in  the  gulf  of  Lymfiord,  33  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Wiborg, 

Nicopoli-s,  in  Sac,  Geog,  a  city  either  of  Mace- 


N  I  E 

donia  or  Thrace.  The  learned  are  not  agreed  to 
which  country  it  belonged. 

McopoHs,  or  JVUcopoli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bul- 
garia, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube.  1 64  m.  N. 
VV.  Adrianople,  276  N.  W.  Constantinople.  Lon. 
24°  8'  E.  Lat.  43°  45'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Mcosia,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  40  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Catania,  60  E.  S.  E.  Palermo.  Pop. 
12,800. 

JVicosia,  a  large  city,  cap.  of  the  island  of  Cy- 
prus. It  was  formerly  of  very  great  extent  and 
importance,  being  9  miles  in  circumference,  and 
containing  300  churches.  The  Venetians,  on  ob- 
taining possession  of  it,  reduced  it  to  a  smaller 
compass,  but  surrounded  it  with  very  strong  forti- 
fications. Since  1570,  it  has  been  under  the  do- 
minion of  the  Turks.  Its  fortifications,  even  in 
their  present  ruined  state,  are  conceived  by  Dr. 
Clarke  to  exceed  in  magnificence  those  of  almost 
every  other  city.  The  city  contains  2,000  Ma- 
hometan, and  1,000  Greek  families,  with  a  few 
Armenian  and  Maronite  ChristiaiL«.  It  carries  on 
manufactures  of  Turkey  leather,  of  small  carpets, 
and  of  printed  cottons.  I.on.  33°  26'  E.  Lat.  35° 
13' N. 

JYicotera,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  situated 
near  the  sea  coast.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  32  m. 
N.  by  E.  Reggio,  50  S.  S.  E.  Cosenza.     Pop.  6,300. 

JVicoya,  t.  Guatimala,  in  Costa  Rica,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  near  the  coast  of  the  Pacific 
ocean.    Lon.  85°  53'  W.  Lat.  10"  42'  N. 

Js'idda,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  23  m. 
N.  E.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.     Pop.  1,500. 

Nidda,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Maine 
at  Hochst. 

Jfidegh,  (an.  Cadyna,)  t.  Caramania,  in  A.  Tur- 
key, 22  m.  E.  Karaiiissar.     Pop.  about  5,000. 

jiridingen,  small  isl.  Sweden,  in  the  Cattegat, 
with  a  light  house.  Lon.  11°  55'  E.  Lat.  57°  18' 
21"  N. 

JVidjigtil,  fort,  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77°  16' 
E.  Lat.  \2°  15'  N. 

Nidycavily  t.  India,  in  Coimbetoor.  Lon.  77° 
42' E.  Lat.  11°  51' N. 

Niebla,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville.  There  is  a  con- 
siderable copper  mine  in  the  neighbourhood.  1 1 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Moguer.  Lon.  6°  28'  W.  Lat.  37" 
29'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Niedtr  Aula,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  6  m. 
S.  W.  Hersfeld.     Po;).  900. 

Niederbronn,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  7  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Hanav,  12  S.  W.  Weissembourg.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Mederhall,  t.  Wirtemburg,  13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Hall. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Meder-lngelheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Ilesse-Darm- 
?tadt,  7  m.  W.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,200. 

JVirAernay,  or  JVinder-ehenheim,  t.  France,  12  m. 
3.  W.  Strasburg.     Pop.  1,300.     See  Ehenheim. 

jXiefern,  t.  Baden,   4  m.  E.  N.  E.   Pforzheim. 

Pop.  i,ooo. 

Meheim,  t.  Prussian  States,  14  m.  E.  N.  E.  Pa- 
.Jerborn.     Pop.  1,300. 

Kiemerk,  t.  Prussian  State*,  in  Brandenburg, 
:;ededin  1815  by  Saxony.  15  ra.  N.  Wittenberg. 
Pop.  1,300. 

J^iemecz,  JS'imiec,  or  J\''emes,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia,  76  m.  W.  N.  W.  Jassi,  280  N.  E.  Bel- 
grade    Lon.  25°  58' E.    Lat.  47°  23' N. 

JVicmen,  r.  Russia,  which  rises  a  few  miles  S.  of 
Vlinsk,  and  passes  \-y  Grodno  and  Kowno,  where 
;.t  joins  the  Wilna.  It  soon  after  enters  East  Prus- 
■tia,  and  passes  the  small  but  well  known  town  of 


N  I  G 


519 


Tilsit,  7  miles  below  which  it  divides  into  several 
branches,  which  fall  into  the  large  maritime  inlet 
called  the  Kurische  Haf. 

Niemef,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Polzen,  8  m.  S.  Gab- 
lona.     Pop.  1,900. 

jYiemieroiv,  t.  Russian  Poland,  16  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Braclau.     Pop.  2,000,  chiefly  Jews. 

Niemptschutz,  t.  Moravia,  15  m.  S.  Brunn.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Ji'ienburg,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  27  m.  N. 
W.  Hanover,  35  S.  S.  E.  Bremen.     Pop.  3,500. 

J^ienburg,  or  Monch-Nieriburg,  t.  Saxony,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Bude  and  the  Saale,  20  m.  S.  by 
E.  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1,050. 

JVienliaus,  or  J^eutnhaus,  t.  Hanover,  115  m. 
W.  bv  N.  Hanover,  46  W.  N.W.  Osnabruck.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Nieper.     See  Dnieper. 

JViepomice,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  on  the  Vistula, 
10  m.  E.  Cracow. 

JVierenatein,  v.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1,300. 

JSuszawa,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistula,  18  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Thorn.     Pop.  900. 

JVieul,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  near  the 
sea,  3  m.  N.  La  Roohelle.     Pop.  1,200. 

Kieupiyrt,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  2 
m.  from  the  seacoast,  1 1  m.  S.  W.  Ostend,  23  W.  S. 
W.Bruges.  Lon.  2"  45' 15"  E.  Lat.  51°  7' 54"  N. 
Pop.  3,000. 

JVi'erre,  a  department  in  the  central  part  o^ 
France,  bounded  by  the  departments  of  the  Yonne, 
the  Cotes  d'Or,  the  Saone-arid-Loire,  the  AUier, 
and  the  Cher.  Extent,  2,800  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
242,000.     Nevers  is  the  capital. 

XUvre,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Loire  at 
Nevers,  and  gives  name  to  the  above  department. 

J^ieuwe  Peckel  Aa,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Gronin- 
gen,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Winschoten.     Pop.  2,900. 

J^iewckerk,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  with  a  good  harbour.   Pop.  5,000. 

JVieuwkoop,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland, 
12  m.  E.  Leyden.     Pop.  1,900. 

J^ieutvkuyk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  N.  Brabant,  6  m. 
W.  Bois  le  Due.     Pop.  900. 

Nieuivpom-t,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
17  m.  E.  by  N.  Rotterdam. 

Niganiche,  isl.  off"  the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  isl- 
and, in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  leagues  from 
North  Cape. 

JVigdeh.     See  JS'idegh. 

j^^iger,  r.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  which  falls  into  the 
German  ocean  at  Clay. 

iN'igcr,  a  great  river  of  Central  Africa,  which 
rises  in  the  western  part  of  the  continent,  near  the 
sources  of  the  Senegal,  and  has  excited  an  extra- 
ordinary degree  of  interest  in  modern  geogra- 
phers, by  the  various  and  contradictory  rumours 
relative  to  its  course  and  termination.  The  opin- 
ion which,  after  the  discoveries  of  Park,  became 
generally  established,  was  that  of  Major  Rennell, 
coinciding  in  some  measure  with  the  previous  one 
of  D'Anville,  by  which  the  Niger,  after  issuing 
from  the  lake  DJbbie,  was  supposed  to  flow  east- 
ward througli  the  countries  of  Houssa  and  Cassi- 
na,  till  it  was  lost  in  the  lakes  and  marshes  of 
Wangara.  A  very  diflerent  hypothesis  has  been 
started  by  travellers  into  Northern  Africa.  Jack- 
son and  Hornemann  both  state  the  universal  con- 
viction there  to  be,  that  the  Niger  flows  eastward, 
and  joins  the  Nile,  being  in  fact  the  Nile  itself. 
The  Moors  express  their  astonishment  when  they 
hear  Europeans  doubting  the  identity  of  the  two 


520 


N  I  L 


N  I  M 


streams,  Hornemann  also  states,  that  in  t'czzah 
he  never  met  with  any  one  who  entertained  a  dif- 
ferent opinion.  Notwithstanding  these  concur- 
rent testimonies,  this  opinion  has  been  decidedly- 
rejected  by  the  ablest  geographers.  A  more 
recent  hypothesis,  the  fame  of  which  has  nearly 
absorbed  every  other,  is  that  by  which  the  Niger 
is  supposed,  after  a  long  course  through  Central 
and  Southern  Africa,  to  pour  itself  into  the  Atlan- 
tic by  the  estuary  of  the  Congo.  This  was  origin- 
ally suggested  to  Mr.  Park  by  captain  Maxwell, 
who,  in  the  character  of  a  slave-trader,  had  been 
accustomed  to  frequent  the  last  mentioned  river. 
His  opinion  was  founded  on  the  vast  quantity  of 
water  which  it  poured  into  the  ocean,  and  on  a 
rise  taking  place  at  a  period  when  no  rains  had 
fallen  on  the  southern  side  of  the  line.  These  ar- 
guments made  so  strong  an  impression  on  the  pub- 
lic mind,  that  the  British  government,  with  a  lib- 
erality and  public  spirit  which  is  highly  laudable, 
..determined  to  fit  out  an  expedition  on  a  great 
scale,  to  ascertain  this  grand  question  in  modern 
geography.  It  was  divided  into  two  parts,  one  of 
which,  of  a  military  character,  was  commanded 
by  major  Peddie,  and  was  destined  to  penetrate 
across  Western  Africa  to  the  Niger,  and  to  de- 
scend its  stream ;  the  other,  of  a  naval  description, 
under  captain  Tuckey  was  to  ascend  the  Congo  in 
boats.  The  hopes  which  were  raised  of  the  suc- 
cess of  this  expedition,  have  been  sadly  disappoint- 
ed. The  party  of  major  Tuckey,  overcome  by 
V  fatigue  and  the  heat  of  the  climate,  were  seized 
'"with  a  pestilential  disorder,  which  proved  fatal  to 
most  of  them.  All  the  leaders  of  that  of  major 
Peddie  fell  also  a  sacrifice  to  the  climate,  before 
they  had  even  approached  the  Niger. 

JS'ightingale  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  Madura.  Lon.  114"E.  Lat. 
7"15'E. 

JVightingale  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic. 
Lon.  IIMS'W.    Lat.  37"  29' S. 
Nigritia.    See  Negroland. 
JS'ijibabad,  or  JVijibgur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bareilly. 
Loh.  78"  41'  E.    Lat.  29"  33'  N. 

Nijibgur,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Ganges,  12  m.  below  Cawnpore. 

Mikera,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic 
in  Ion.  57"  20'  W.  lat.  6"  N. 

Mkitsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  20  m.  S.  E.  Moscow. 
Pop.  900. 

Jfikolaiev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Ingul  and  the  Bug.  It  was  founded 
so  lately  as  1791,  and  its  population  was,  in  1820, 
above  4,000,  and  likely  to  increase.  The  depth 
of  the  river  is  20  feet,  and  vessels  of  great  size  can 
come  up  here,  an  advantage  which  has  made  it  be 
chosen  as  one  of  the  stations  of  the  Russian  navy. 
42  m.  N.  W.  Cherson.  Lon.  32"  0' 9"  E.  Lat.  56° 
58'  15"  N. 

Kikolaiktn,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Gumbinnen,  74  m. 
3.  S.  E,  Konigsberg,  58  S.  S.W.  Gumbinnen.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Mkohburg,  t.  Moravia,  25  m.  S.  Bruan.  Pop. 
7,600;  nearlythehalf  are  Jews. 

JVikolsk,  t  Eu.  Russia,  290  m.  E.  Vologda. 
•N'ikoMoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Oufa,  on  the  Oural, 
80  m.  E.  S.  E.  Orenburg. 

JVikopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav,  on  the 
Dnieper,  44  m.  S.  W.  Alexandrovsk.     Pop.  1,200. 
JVikopoli.     See  Nicopolit. 
K-iksar,  t.  Caramania,  in  A.  Turkey,  10  m,  N. 
Tocat. 
.N'ilabf  one  of  the  names  of  the  rirer  Indus- 


dYikund,  t.  Hind,  and  one  of  the  places  of  Hin- 
doo pilgrimage.     Lon.  88°  50'  E.    Lat.  27"  51'  N. 

JVilcundah,  district.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad.  Nil-- 
cundah,  the  capital,  isinlon.79°15'E.lat.l6'55'N. 
.¥t/e,  a  great  and  celebrated  river  of  Africa, 
which  traverses  Egypt  through  its  whole  extent, 
and,  by  its  inundation,  produces  all  the  fertility 
for  which  that  country  is  distinguished.  The  Por- 
tuguese missionaries  in  Abyssinia  represented  the 
Blue  river,  or  Bahr  el  Azrek,  as  the  principal 
head  of  the  Nile ;  but  it  is  now  ascertained  that 
the  Bahr  el  Abiad  is  the  largest  branch,  and 
has  the  longest  course.  The  most  authentic  ac- 
count of  the  origin  of  this  river,  is  that  collected 
by  Browne  in  Darfur.  The  Bahr  el  Abiad  was 
there  described  as  formed  by  the  conflux  of  nu- 
merous  small  streams,  descending  from  a  very  lofty 
range  called  the  mountains  of  Donga,  which  ap- 
pear to  be  the  same  called  by  the  ancients  the 
Mountains  of  the  Moon.  For  some  time  it  flow.i 
eastward  along  their  base ;  then  turns  to  the  N. ; 
and,  among  other  countries,  waters  Cordofan  and 
Senaaar.  In  traversing  this  last,  it  receives  its 
main  tributary,  the  Bahr  el  Azrek,  or  river  of 
Abyssinia.  Having  flowed  a  considerable  space 
further,  it  receives  the  Tacazze,  after  which,  du- 
ring a  course  of  about  a  thousand  miles,  through 
Nubia,  it  is  not  fed  by  any  river,  scarcely  even  by 
the  smallest  rivulet.  This  vast  region  for  about  a 
mile  from  the  river  is  capable  of  culture  ;  beyond 
which  it  stretches  on  each  side  into  an  immeasur- 
able expanse  of  desert.  Before  reaching  Egypt, 
the  Nile  forms  two  cataracts,  the  lowest  of  which  is 
at  Syene.  In  passing  through  Upper  Egypt,  the 
river  is  confined  between  two  mountain  ranges, 
which  leave  only  a  narrow  strip  upon  each  side. 
Near  Cairo  the  valley  widens,  and  the  Nile  soon 
separates  into  branches,  and  spreads  itself  over 
the  wide  and  level  plain  of  the  Delta.  The  rise 
of  the  river  begins  about  the  l7th  of  June,  and 
continues  till  August,  when  the  river  is  at  its 
height,  and  all  the  level  parts  of  the  country  are 
overflowed.  In  Upper  Egypt,  however,  the  stream 
being  confined,  as  in  Nubia,  within  high  banks, 
artificial  means  of  irrigation  must  be  employed. 
The  length  of  the  river  is  about  2,000  miles. 

J^ile,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  8  m.  be- 
low Portsmouth.     Pop.  396. 

Nimburg,  v.  Baden,  10  m.  N.  N.  W.  Freyburg. 
Pop.  900. 

JVimburg,  t.  Bohemia,  near  the  Elbe,  14  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Jung-Buntzlau.     Pop.  2,050. 

JVimeguen,  or  JVimvcgen,  t.  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  great  branch 
of  the  Rhine  called  the  Waal.  It  is  fortified  with 
walls,  ditches,  and  extensive  outworks.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French,  on  8th  September  1794.  50 
m.  S.  E.  Amsterdam.  Lon.  5"  50'  E.  Lat.  51°  51' 
N.     Pop.  13,300. 

JVimes,  or  Jfis7nes,  t.  in  the  S.  E.  France,  cap. 
of  Gard.  Pop.  40,000,  of  whom  25,000  are  Prot- 
estants. It  is  particularly  interesting  from  its 
ancient  monuments,  of  which,  with  the  exception 
of  Rome,  it  is  said  to  contain  more  than  any  other 
city  in  Europe.  It  has  a  royal  college,  or  high 
school,  with  a  library,  a  society  of  medicine  and 
agriculture,  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  and  several 
other  literary  and  scientific  institutions.  It  has 
also  extensive  manufactures,  particularly  of  silk 
stuffs,  stockings,  ribbons,  linen,  and  leather.  It  is 
now  the  see  of  a  bishop.  30  m.  N.  E.  Montpelier, 
70  N.  W.  Marseilles,  470  S.  S.  F.  Paris.  Lon,  4° 
21' E.   Lat.  43°  50' N. 


N  I  S 


NOB 


521 


JVimes,  in  Bohemia.     See  JViemes. 

JVimishillen,  r.  Ohio,  which  run,  into  the  Mus- 
kingum, about  12  miles  above  New  Philadelphia. 

mmishillen,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 470. 

Mmptsch,  t  Prussian  states,  26  m.  S.  W.  Bres- 
lau.     Pop.  1,300. 

JYine  Bridges,  p-v.  Queen  Ann's  co.  Md. 

Mne  Fleet  Harbour,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Florida.     Lon.  82"  50'  W.    Lat.  2T  N. 

JVine  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Pacific.  Lon. 
154'' 30' E.    Lat.  4°  40' S. 

jyinety-six,  district,  S.  C.  which  comprehends 
the  counties  of  Edgefield,-  Abbeville,  Laurens,  and 
Newbury. 

NLneveli,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  JVunia. 

Kineveh,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

JVingo,  Danish  fort  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Africa, 
43  m.  W.  S.  W.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Volta. 
'    JYiiigpo,  a  city  of  the  first  rank,  and  a  great  sea- 
port of  China,  in  the  province  of  'Tchekiang.    Lon. 
120"  14'  E.     Lat.  29"  54'  N. 

JVing-yuen,  t.  Eastern  Tartary,  near  the  fron- 
tier of  China,  250  m.  E.  Pekin. 

JVijiove,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the 
Dender,  16  m.  S.  VV.  Brussels,  22  S.  S.  £.  Ghent. 
Pop.  3,400. 

JVio,  anciently  los,  small  isl.  of  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
the  Archipelago,  W.  of  Namphio.  The  principal 
property  of  the  inhabitants  consists  in  their  cattle. 
According  to  tradition,  Homer  died  in  this  island. 
Lon.  5"  24' E.    Lat.  36"  46' N.     Pop.  4,000. 

J^ions,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  21  m.  S.  E.  Monte- 
limart.     Pop.  2,800. 

Niorl,  small  isl.  of  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  in  the 
sound  of  Mull. 

JViort,  t.  in  the  W.  of  France,  cap.  of  Two- 
Sevres,  on  the  Sevre,  34  m.  N.  E.  La  Rochelle, 
294  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  0''  23'  W.  Lat.  46°  19'  N. 
Pop.  15,000. 

jYiort,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  near  Lassay. 
Pop.  2,000. 

J^iphon,  an  extensive  island  in  the  east  of  Asia, 
forming  by  much  the  largest  part  of  the  empire  of 
Japan.     See  Japan. 

Nipisiguit,  V.  New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Chaleur  bay,  above  12  leagues  W.  of  Caraquit 
island. 

J^irgua,  t.  Caraccas,  48  leagues  from  the  city  of 
Caraccas.  Lon.  68°  45'  W.  Lat.  10°  N.  Pop. 
3,200. 

JVtmit/,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  79"  33' E.  Lat. 
19°  18'  N. 

JVisch.     See  JVissa. 

jYischnei-Lomov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pensa,  34  ra. 
W.  N.  W.  Pensa.     Pop.  3,700. 

J^ischnei-JVovgorod,  or  J^Tishegorod,  a  govern- 
ment of  Eu.  Russia,  between  41"  45'  and  46°  15' 
E.  lon.  and  54°  and  57°  N.  lat.  It  has  an  area  of 
20,400  sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  1,000,000. 

J^ischnci-JYovgorod,  a  thriving  commercial  t. 
ilu.  Russia,  capitalof  the  government  of  the  same 
lame,  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Oka  and 
[■^IVolga.     Since  1816,  the  largest  fair  of  Makariev 

is  been  held  at  this  city.  It  is  frequented  by 
crowds  of  dealers  from  different  parts  of  Russia, 
Poland,  Germany,  Tartary,  Bukharia,  and  even 
Persia.  The  quantity  of  merchandise  sold  here  is 
immense,  and  it  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the 
greatest  fairs  in  Europe.  250  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  .Mos- 
cow, and  540  E.  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  44°  28'  E. 
Lat.  56°  19' N.     Pop.  10,000. 

J\''isema.'!se,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  128"  42'  E.    Lat.  8°  15'  N. 

66 


J^ishapour,  ancient  city  of  Persia,  once  the 
greatest  and  richest  in  the  province  of  Korassan. 
30  m.  S.  Mesched,  230  N.  E.  Herat.    Pop.  15,000. 

Nisi,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  on  the  Pirnazza, 
near  its  mouth. 

Nisibin,  v.  Persia,  in  the  pachalic  of  Bagdad, 
78  m.  S.  E.  Diarbekir,  70  N.  W,  Mosul. 

jYisida,  small  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Italy,  a  few  miles  from  Naples.  It  has 
a  small  seaport  called  Porto  Pavone,  where  ships, 
going  to  Naples,  perform  quarantine. 

Niskayuna,  t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  xMohawk,  12  m.  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
424. 

Nistnes.    See  JVimes,  in  France. 

JVissa,  or  JVisch,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  near 
the  Morawa  river.  245  m.  N.  W,  Constantinople, 
150  E.  N.  E.  Ragusa.  Lon.  21"  36'  E.  Lat.  43° 
31'  N. 

JVissan,  v.  France,  in  Herault,  4  m.  S.  W.  Be- 
ziers.     Pop.  1,100. 

Mssy,  t.  in  the  N.  of  Greece,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sulambria,  or  ancient  Peneus. 

JYistelroode,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
12  m.  E.  Bois  le  Due.     Pop.  1,600. 

JSTitk,  r.  Scotland,  which  rises  in  Ayrshire,  and 
running  S.  E.  falls  into,  the  Sol  way  frith. 

Nittany  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  Juniatta  almost  to  the  W.  branch  of 
the  Susquehannah. 

JViltenau,  t.  Germany,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ratisbon. 
Pop.  900. 

Mvelles,  t.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  15 
m.  S.  Brussels,  75  N.  N.  VV.  Namur.  Lon.  5°  15' 
E.  Lat.  50"  35'  N.     Pop.  6,600. 

JVivernois,  formerly  a  province  in  the  interior 
of  France.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  now  compre- 
hended in  the  department  of  the  Nievre. 

J^iviano,  t.  Italy,  duchy  of  Parma,  8  m.  S.  Pia- 
cenza. 

Murunda,  r.  Sweden,  which  falls  into  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia,  6  m.  S.  Sundswall. 

JSTiwnitz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  3  m.  S. 
Ungarisch-Brod.     Pop.  1,300. 

kixdorf,  or  Great  Nikolsdorf,  t.  Bohemia,  27  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Dresden.     Pop.  4,000. 

Nixon'' s,  p-v.  Marion  co.  Mississippi. 

Nixanton,  t.  Pasquotank  co.  N.  C.  on  Little 
River,  which  runs  into  Albemarle  sound  28  m.  N. 
E.  Edenton. 

Niza,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  near  the  Tagus, 
15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Portalegre.     Pop.  1,900. 

Mzampatam,  t.  India,  in  Northern  Circars. 
Lon.  80°  35'  E.  Lat.  15"  56'  N. 

Mzsa  della  Paglia,  t.  Sardinian  states,  in  Mont- 
ferrat,  33  m.  N.  W.  Genoa,  40  9.  E.  Turin.  Pop. 
5,000. 

No,  or  No-Ammon,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Thebes. 

Noacote,  valley,  Hind,  in  Nepaul,  about  28°  N. 
lat.  Noacote,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  85°  30'  E.  lat. 
27"  43'  N. 

Noale.     See  Novate. 

Noanagur,  district.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  Cutch.  Noanagur,  the  capital, 
is  in  lon.  70"  15'  E.,  lat.  22°  20'  N. 

Noanama,  San  Joseph  de,  settlement,  New  Gran- 
ada, on  the  river  St.  Juan,  170  m.  N.  Popayan. 
Lon.  76"  46'  W.  Lat.  5°  15'  N. 

Nob,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  not  far  from  Je- 
rusalem. 

Noba,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  W.  coast 
of  Aroo.  Lon.  135°  13'  E.  Lat.  5°  5'  S. 

Nobleboroitgh,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Main?,  16  m.  N.  N. 


522 


N  O  I 


N  O  O 


E.  Wiscasset,  174  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  1,206.  It 
has  a  brisk  trade  ia  lumber. 

Koce,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  30  m.  E.  Alencon.  Pop. 
1,200. 

JVocerOy  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  5 
in.  S.  W.  Ancona.  Pop.  1,000.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop. 

J^ocera  della  Pagani,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato 
Citra,  on  the  river  Samo,  20  m.  E.  S.  E.  Naples. 
Pop.  6,800. 

Mceta,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  20  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Cosenza.     Pop.  2,900. 

JVochiztlan,  t  Mexico,  in  Oaxaca,  155  m.  E.  by 
S.  Mexico.     Lon.  97"  36'  W.  Lat.  17°  14'  N. 

J^focor,  r.  Morocco,  which  falli  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean in  lat.  35°  15'  N. 

JVoddle's  Island,  small  isl.  in  Boston  harbour. 
Mass.  2  m.  E.  N.  E.  of  the  town,  on  the  Chelsea 
•  hore.     On  this  island  is  Fort  Strong. 

JVoesa  Baron,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Java,  25 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  113°  20'  E.  Lat  8° 
20' S. 

JVbesa  Cambaz,  or  Pulo  Cannibaz,  isl.  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Java,  about  45  miles  in  circumference. 
Lon.  109°  E.  Lat.  7°  42'  S. 

Ji'oesa  Comba,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
117"  E.  Lat.  5°  20' S. 

Koesa  Laoer,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Ce- 
rara.  Lon.  129°  10'  E.  Lat.  3°  34'  S. 

Noesa  jYessing,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Timor.  Lon.  126°  30'  E.  Lat.  8°  9'  S. 

JVooja  Pinnos,  shoals  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
128°  2' E.  Lat.  5°  12' S. 

J^oesa  Seras,  4  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  116°  58'  E.  Lat.  5°  15'  S. 

Nogarcote,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul,  60  ra.  from  Ca- 
Laraaudoo.    Lon.  86°  5'  E.  Lat.  28°  2'  N. 

JSTogaro,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  21  m.  S.  Condom. 
Pop.  1,350. 

J^'ogat,  r.  Prussia,  which  branches  off  from  the 
Vif^tula,  and  joins  the  Frischc  Haf,  6  m.  N.  Elbing, 
forming  the  island  of  No|"at. 

.Cogent  VArtand,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the 
Marne,  6  m.  S.  Chateau  Thierry.     Pop.  1 ,  100. 

J^ogent  le  Bernard,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  18  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2,300. 

Nogent  le  Roi,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  12  m.  N. 
Chartres.     Pop.  2,000. 

JVogent  le  Roirou,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loir, 
27  m.  S.  W.  Chartres,  26  N.  W.  Chateaudun.  Pop. 
6,600. 

J^ogent  Roulebois,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loir. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Nogent  sur  Marne,  t  France,  on  the  Marne,  6 
m.  S.  Paris.     Pop.  1,200. 

J^ogent  sur  Seine,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  on  the 
Seine,  which  here  becomes  navigable.  Pop.  3,200. 
It  was  the  scene  of  actions  between  the  French 
and  allies,  on  9th  and  10th  Februarj'  1814.  29  m. 
N.  W.  Troyes. 

Nogong,  t,  Bengal.  Lon.  88°  53'  E.  Lat.  24°  48'  N. 

.\"oguerra  Ribagorcana,  and  Pallaresa,  2  rivers, 
Spain,  which  fall  into  the  Segre.  The  Pallaresa 
forms  the  boundarj'  between  Arragon  and  Catalo- 
nia. 

vVotff,  t.  Naples,  9  m.  S.  by  E.  Bari. 

JVoir,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Milo.  Lon.  24°  22' E.  Lat.  36°  47' N. 

^''oir,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.  Lon.  73°  33'  W.  Lat.  54°  30'  S. 

J^'oir,  Cr-ne,  cape,  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side 
of  Chale  f  bay,  7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  Eonaven- 
ture. 


Mire  Etable,  t.  France,  23  m.  W.  Montbrison. 
Pop.  1,900. 

J^oirmoutiers,  isl.  France,  belonging  to  the  de- 
partment of  La  Vendee.  Extent,  70  square  miles. 
Pop.  5,500.   Lon.  2°  14'  17"  W.  Lat.  47^0'  5"  N. 

J^Toiss}/  le  Sec,  v.  France,  4  m.  E.  Paris.  Pop- 
1,000. 

JVoix,  Isle  au.     See  Isle  aux  J^oix. 

J^aizay,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  6  m.  N- 
W.  Amboise.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ao/ff,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Tursi,  40  E.  S.  E.  Policastro.     Pop.  4,000. 

JVola,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro.  Pop. 
8,400.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  is  of  conside- 
rable antiquity,  and  is  remarkable  as  the  place 
where  Augustus  died.  It  is  also  said  to  be  the 
place  of  the  invention  and  first  use  of  bells.  16  m. 
E.  by  N.  Naples. 

Nolachucky,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into 
French  Broad  river,  26  m.  from  Holston  river. 

Noland'S  Ferry,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Nolay,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Beaume,  14  S.  E.  Arnay  le  Due.     Pop.  2,000. 

JVbtt,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  sea  coast,  30 
m.  S.  W.  Genoa.  Pop.  800.  It  is  the  see  (rf  a 
bishop. 

Noli,  Cape,  cape,  Italy,  on  the  Genoese  coast. 
Lon.  8°  27' E.  Lat.  44°  13' N. 

J^olins  Creek,  r.  Kentucky,  which  runs  into 
Green  river. 

Kollendorf,  v.  Bohemia,  22  m.  S.  by  E.  Dres- 
den. 

Mmaes,  or  Nomuo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  m. 
S.  E.  St.  Joao  de  Pesqueira. 

No-Man' s-Land,  small  isl,  Mass.  a  little  to  the 
S.  W.  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  It  belongs  to  Duke's 
county,  Massachusetts.  Lon.  71°  6'  W.  Lat.  41* 
15'  N. 

Nombre  de  Dios,  t.  Mexico,  in  Darango,  170  m. 
N.  Guadalaxara.  Lon.  103°  7'  W.  Lat.  24°  N. 
Pop.  6,800. 

Nombre  de  Dios,  i.  Darien,  at  the  bottom  of  a 
bay  to  which  it  gives  name.  30  m.  E.  Porto  Bel- 
lo.     Lon.  79°  35'  W.  Lat.  9°  36°  N. 

JVomeny,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  14  m.  N.  Nan- 
cy,    Pop.  1,400. 

Nona,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Dalmatia.  It  wae 
formerly  a  city,  called  Onona  or  Ononum  ;  but  is 
now  completely  decayed.  7  m.  N.  E.  Zara,  20  N. 
VV.  Scardona.  Lon.  15"  35' E.  Lat.  55°  28' N. 

Nonancourt,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  12  m.  S.  Ver- 
neuil.     Pop.  1,400. 

JVonantola,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  N.  W.  Modena. 

None,  t.  Piedmont^  12  m.  S.  W.  Turin.  Pop. 
2,100. 

None  S.  Dalmazzo,  t.  Piedmont,  15  m.  N.  E- 
Pignerolo.     Pop.  2,100. 

Nonesuch,  r.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  which 
runs  into  the  sea  at  Scarborough. 

Nonesuch,  harbour  on  the  E.  end  of  the  island 
of  Antigua.     Lon.  61"  23'  W.  Lat.  43°  30'  N, 

Nona,  Cape,  promontorv  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Ivica.     Lon.  1"  17'  E.  Lat.  39°  3'  N. 

Nonlron,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  21  m.  N.  Pe- 
rigueux.     Pop.  2,300. 

Nonura,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat 
5°  48'  S. 

Nooga,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Indian 
sea,  in  lat.  28°  30'  S. 

Noohseva,  or  Federal  Island,  one  of  the  Ingra- 
ham  islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  140°  5'  W.  Lat. 
8°  58'  S. 

-VooWroo^T!,  district,  Hind,  in  Bejapore.     Nool- 


NOR 

tiroog,  the  capita],  is  in  Ion.  76°  37'  E.  Lai.  17" 
42- N. 

IN'oon.     See  JS'un. 

JVoontal,  district,  Hind,  in  Cashmeer,  about  35° 
N.  lat. 

Aoorabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajra.  Lon.  78°  6'  E. 
Lat.  26°  2-7'  N. 

J^oordbrjek,  v.  Netherlands,  14  m.  E.  Gronin- 
gen.     Pop.  1,300. 

JVoord-wolde,  v.  Netherlands,  4  m.  N.  Gronin- 
gen.     Pop.  1,000. 

JVoordivyk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  6 
m.  N.  by  W.  Leyden.     Pop.  1,700. 

JVoorgool,  district,  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  between 
^  16°  and"l7°  N.  lat.     It  belongs  to  the  Mahrattas. 

Noornagur,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  91°  5'  E.  Lat.  23° 
45'  N. 

Noorpedy,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  20  m.  N.  Jugger- 
nauth. 

J^oorpoor^  t.  Bengal,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Gan- 
ges, 26  m.  S.  Dacca. 

Noorri,  t.  Hind,  in  Sinde,     Lat  25°  8'  N. 

JVooika  Sound,  bay  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America,  discovered  by  captain 
Cook,  in  1778.  The  entrance  is  in  the  E.  cor- 
ner of  Hope  bay,  in  lat.  49°  33'  N.  Ion.  233°  12' 
E.  between  two  rocky  points,  that  lie  E.  S.  E-  and 
W.  N.  W.  from  each  other,  distant  between  3  and 
4  miles.  Within  these  points,  the  sound  widens 
considerably,  and  extends  in,  to  the  northward,  4 
leagues.  The  harbors  and  anchoring  places  with- 
in its  circuit  are  numerous.  The  climate,  ac- 
cording to  captain  Cook,  is  milder  than  that  on 
the  east  coast  of  America,  under  the  same  paral- 
lel of  latitude.  The  chief  employment  of  the  na- 
tives seems  to  be  that  of  fishing,  and  killing  land  or 
sea  animals.  In  the  year  1786,  an  association  of 
British  merchants  formed  a  small  settlement  here, 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  furs  ;  but  the  settle- 
ment was  seized  by  the  Spaniards  in  1789. 

JVopeln.     See  Christianople. 

J^oquefs  Bay,  bay,  Michigan  Territory,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  lake  Michigan.  It  is  45  miles  long, 
and  18  wide.     Lon.  86°  20'  W.  Lat  45"  25'  N. 

J^'ora,  t.  Sweden,  in  Westermanland,  28  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Upsal. 

Narburg,  or  JVordburg,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  the 
island  of  Alseu.  It  has  a  castle.  Lon.  9°  45'  62" 
E.  Lat  55°  3' 53"  N.     Pop.  900. 

Norcia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  70 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Rome.     Pop.  4,000. 

Norden^  t.  Hanover,  in  East  Friesland,  2  m. 
from  the  North  sea,  15  N.  Embden.     Pop.  3,100. 

JS'ordenburg,  t.  East  Prussia,  55  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ko- 
nigsberg.     Pop.  1,800. 

JVo)-derney,  isl.  Hanover,  on  the  cxjast  of  East 
Friesland,  7  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  7°  7' 
41''  E.  Lat.  53°  47'  26"  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Kordgau,  a  division  of  Germany,  which  in  the 
middle  ages  was  extensive,  but  at  present  is  con- 
fined to  the  external  part  of  the  principality  of 
Neuburg,  or  the  district  between  Bavaria  proper 
and  the  upper  palatinate.     See  J^eubiirg. 

A'ordhalben,  t.  Bavarian  states,  39  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Bamberg,  17  W.  N.  W.  Hof.    Pop.  1,000. 

Mordhauseru,  t  Prussian  Saxony,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Erfurt,  on  the  Zorge.  It  is  fortified  with 
a  wall,  flanked  with  towex-s,  and  contains  one 
Catholic  and  seven  Lutheran  churches,  an  or- 
phan house,  three  hospitals,  and  9,000  inhabitants. 
The  chief  occupation  of  the  latter  consists  in  the 
distillation  and  Ffle  of  spirit".  37  m.  E.  Got- 
tiogen. 


NOR 


622 


JS'ordheim,  t  Bavarian-states,  7  m.  N.  Bischoffs- 
heim.     Pop.  800. 

Kordheim,  t.  Hanover,  at  tlie  confluence  of  th« 
Ruhmeand  tlie  Leine,  12  m.  N.  by  E.  Gottingeti. 
Pop.  3,100. 

J^ordkoping,  Norkoping,  or  J^ordkioping,\..  Swe- 
den, in  East  Gothland,  on  the  Motala,  between 
Nykoping  and  Linkoping.  It  is  well  situated  for 
trade.  76  m.  S.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  16°  11'  E. 
Lat  68°  35'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

JVordland.     See  Koniand. 

J^ord-librc.     See  Conde. 

JVordlingen,  t.  Bavaria,  36  m.  N.  N.  W.  Augs- 
burg, 36  N.  N.  E.  Ulm.  Lon.  10°  28'  E.  Lat  48" 
N.    Pop.  5,800. 

Xordmaling,  t.  Sweden,  in  Angermannland,  on 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  Lon.  19°  24'  E.  Lat.  63° 
34' N. 

JVordstrand,  isl.  Denmark,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
duchy  of  Sleswick.  It  was  formerly  of  consider- 
able size,  but  has  suffered  much  by  inundations, 
particularly  by  the  sudden  and  dreadful  one  of 
1634,  when  above  1,300  houses,  and  6,0(X)  persons, 
with  50,000  head  of  cattle,  were  swept  away. 
Lon.  8°  48'  E.  Lat.  54°  37'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

JYore,  a  noted  part  of  the  river  Thames,  Eng. 
situated  off  Sheerness,  at  the  point  of  a  sand-bank 
which  runs  eastward  from  the  isle  of  Grain.  On 
this  bank  a  floating  light  is  now  fixed.  Lon.  0°  44' 
E.  Lat  51°  27' N. 

J^ore,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Barrow, 
2  m.  N.  New  Ross. 

J\ore,  Black,  cape,  Eng.  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Severn. 

JVoremberg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Stargard.     Pop.  900. 

JVorfeo,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Catalonia, 
Lon.  3°  7'  E.  Lat.  42°  16'  N. 

J^orfolk,  CO.  Eng.  on  the  E.  coast,  bounded  N. 
and  N.  E.  by  the  German  ocean,  S.  and  S.  E.  by 
Suffolk,  and  W.  by  Cambridgeshire,  by  part  of 
Lincoln,  and  by  the  Washes.  It  contains  2,013 
sq.  miles,  or  1,288,000  acres,  with  about  150  in- 
habitants to  each  mile.  Pop,  in  1811,  292,000. 
Norfolk  has  been  long  famed  for  its  agriculture, 
which  forms  the  chief  business  of  the  inhabitants. 
The  greater  part  of  the  lands,  at  least  two-tliirds 
of  the  whole  county,  are  arable,  and  kept  in  a 
state  of  tillage.  The  i-aising  of  grain  for  exporta- 
tion forms  by  far  the  principal  object  with  the 
farmer. 

JVotfolk,  CO.  London  district,  Up.  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

JVorfolk,  CO.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by  Middlesex  co. 
E.  by  Boston  harbour,  S.  by  Plymouth  and  Bristol 
CO.  and  W.  bv  Rhode  Island  and  Worcester  co. 
Pop.  31,245.     Chief  town,  Dedham. 

J^'oifolk,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  35  m.  N.  W. 
Hartford.  Pop.  1,441.  Here  are  manufactories 
of  iron. 

J^orfolk,  CO.  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Va.  on  Chesa- 
peake bay,  bounded  N.  by  James  river.  Pop. 
13,679.  Slaves,  5,647.  Chief  towns,  Norfolk  and 
Portsmouth. 

JVorfolt,  borough,  and  port  of  entry,  Norfolk  co. 
V'irginia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Elizabeth  river,  just 
below  the  confluence  of  its  two  branches,  and  8 
miles  above  its  entrance  into  Hampton  roads,  114 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Richmond,  229  S.  S.  E.  Washington 
city.  Lon.  76°  23' W.  Lat  36' 55' N.  Pop.  9, 193. 
It  contains  a  theatre,  3  banks,  including  a  branch 
of  the  U.  S.  bank,  an  academy,  a  marine  hospital, 
orphan  asylum,  Lancasteriaa  school,  atheaaeum, 


524 


NOR 


and  6  houses  of  public  wbrship,  2  for  Baptists,  and 
1  each  for  Episcopalians,  Presbyterians,  Roman 
Catholics,  and  Methodists.  The  situation  is  low, 
and  in  some  places  marshy.  The  principal  streets 
are  paved  and  well  lighted ;  but  the  houses  are  not 
remarkable  for  elegance. 

The  harbour  of  Norfolk  is  safe  and  commodious, 
and  sufficiently  spacious  to  contain  300  ships,  and 
deep  enough  for  the  largest  vessels.  It  is  defend- 
ed by  several  forts ;  one  of  which  is  on  Craney 
island,  5  miles  below  the  town,  near  the  mouth  of 
Elizabeth  river.  The  commissioners  who  were 
appointed  by  the  U.  S.  to  survey  the  lower  part  of 
Chesapeake  bay  in  1818,  reported  that  Hampton 
roads  could  be  so  fortified  as  to  prevent  the  en- 
trance of  any  hostile  fleet, 

Norfolk  has  more  foreign  commerce  than  any 
town  in  Virginia,  and  in  1815,  owned  more  ship- 
ping than  any  place  in  the  U.  States  south  of  Bal- 
timore, except  Charleston.  The  amount  of  ship- 
ping in  1815,  was  34,705  tons.  A  canal  proceeds 
from  the  S.  branch  of  Elizabeth  river,  9  miles 
above  Norfolk,  through  Dismal  Swamp,  to  Albe- 
marle Sound,  By  means  of  this  canal,  the  pro- 
duceof  a  large  section  of  North  Carolina  is  brought 
to  the  Norfolk  market. 

J^orfolk  Bay,  a  deep  bay  on  the  E,  coast  of  Van 
Dieman's  Land. 

Norfolk  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about 
15  miles  in  circumference,  discovered  by  captain 
Cook  in  1774,  who  found  it  uninhabited.  It  has 
been  used  as  a  place  of  banishment  for  refi-actory 
convicts  from  Botany  Bay.  Lon.  168°  10'  E.  Lat. 
29°  3'  S. 

j^'orfolk  Sound,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  King 
George  the  Third's  archipelago,  between  Cape 
Edgecombe  on  the  N,  and  Point  Woodhouse  on 
the  S.     Lon.  224"  50'  E.    Lat.  56°  46.  N. 

JVbr/w/m,  t.  Eng,  in  Norhamshire,  Durham  co, 
C  m.  S,  VV,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,     Pop,  781, 

J^orhanushire,  district,  Eng.  at  the  N.  E.  extrem- 
ity of  the  kingdom,  forming  a  detached  part  of  the 
county  of  Durham,  and  lying  between  Northum- 
berland and  the  river  Tweed. 

Norland,  t,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2^  m.  S.  W.  Hal- 
ifax,    Pop.  1,316, 

Norman,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, on  the  gulf  of  St,  Lawrence,  20  leagues  from 
Cape  Ferrol.     Lon.  55"  58' W.    Lat.  51°  39' N. 

Normancross,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  the  vicinity  of 
Stilton,  Huntingdonshire.  Here  is  a  prison  capa- 
ble of  containing  10,000;  and  near  it,  barracks 
for  2,000  soldiers, 

Normandy,  formerly  a  province  and  ancient 
duchy  of  France,  bounded  by  the  English  channel 
on  the  N,  and  W,  and  Picardy  on  the  E.  and  con- 
taining about  11,000  sq.  miles.  It  is  now  divided 
into  the  departments  of  Lower  Seine,  En  re,  Orne, 
Calvados,  and  La  Manche,  which  contain  togeth- 
er a  population  of  2,579,000. 

Norman' 3  Kill,  or  Creek,  r.  Albany  co.  N.  Y, 
which  falls  into  the  Hudson,  2^  m.  S.  Albany, 

Norndorf,  t,  Bavaria,  15  m.  N,  Augsburg.  Pop. 
800. 

Noro,  country,  Central  Africa,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Niger,  forming  part  of  the  territory  of 
Houssa. 

Norona,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Brazil,  70  leagues 
distant,     Lat.  38°  31'  S. 

Noroy  le  Bours,  t,  France,  in  Upper-Saone,  9 
m.E.  Vesoul,     Pop.  1,100. 

Norrent,  t,  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  12  m.  N. 
■W.Betbune.    Pop.  1,200, 


NOR 

NoiTidgewock,  p-t  and  cap,  Somerset  co.  Mame, 
on  both  sides  of  Kennebeck  river,  35  m,  W,  by 
N.  Hallowell,  94  N,  N,  E,  Portland,  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  jail,  and  a  church  for  Congre- 
gationalists.  Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river. 
Norridgewock  is  a  flourishing  place,  and  has  moat 
of  the  trade  of  the  back  country. 

Norriestoti,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  10  m.  W, 
Stirling.     Pop.  600. 

Norriston,  p-t,  and  cap,  Montgomery  co.  Pa,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Schuylkill.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  bank,  and  an  academy.  17  m.N.  W. 
Philadelphia.  Pop.  1,336.  It  was  the  residence 
of  Dr,  Rittenhouse,  the  pliilosopher  and  philan- 
thropist. <. 

Norrkoping.     See  Nordkoping. 

Norrland,  or  Nordland,  a  maritime  province  of 
Norway,  lying  between  Drontheim  on  the  S.  and 
Finmark,  or  Norwegian  Lapland,  on  the  N.  It 
extends  from  66°  to  70°  N.  lat.  containing  46,000 
sq.  miles, 

Norrland,  or  Nordland,  the  most  northern  of  the 
three  great  divisions  of  Sweden,  comprising  the 
seven  provinces  of  Gestricia,  Helsingland,  Herje- 
dalen,  Medelpad,  Jamptland,  Angermannland,  and 
West  Bothnia.  It  extends  from  60°  to  65°  N.  lat. 
and  contains  90,000  sq.  miles,  but  not  more  than 
170,0f,>0  inhabitants, 

Norrland,  West.     See  Hernosand. 

Norrtelge,  s-p,  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic,  in  Up- 
land. Lon.  18°  30' E,  Lat.  59"  45' 45"  N.  Pop. 
about  1,000,  employed  chiefly  in  fishing  and  the 
coasting  trade. 

Nort,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  15  m,  N. 
Nantes.     Pop.  3,200. 

Norie,  Rio  Bravo  del,  r.  Mexico,  which  rises  in 
the  Rocky  mountains,  near  the  source  of  the  Ar- 
kansaw,  in  about  lat,  41°  N.  and  lon.  111°  W.  It 
runs  S.  S.  E.  and  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in 
lon.  96°  40'  W.  lat.  26°  N.  after  a  course  of  2,000 
miles.  It  cannot  in  any  part  be  termed  a  naviga- 
ble stream,  owing  to  the  sand  bai's  in  the  flat  coun- 
try, and  the  mountains  in  the  upper  part,  by  which 
its  course  is  interrupted. 

Norte,  cape.  South  America,  at  the  entrance 
into  the  river  Amazons.  Lon,  49°  48'  W.  Lat.  1° 
49'  30"  N. 

North,  a  department  in  the  N.  E.  of  France, 
forming  more  than  half  the  line  of  French  fron- 
tier towards  the  Netherlands.  Extent,  2,320  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  839,833,  The  face  of  the  country  is 
level,  and  the  soil  highly  productive  in  all  kinds  of 
corn,  as  well  as  in  flax,  tobacco,  and  hops.  Ag- 
riculture is  conducted  here  on  a  more  improved 
plan  than  in  any  other  parts  of  France.  The 
manufacturing  establishments  are  very  extensive. 

North,  t.  Harrison  oo.  Ohio,  8  m.  N,  Cadiz. 

North  Adams,  p-v.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 

Northal,  or  Northait,  v.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire, 
4i  m.  N.  E.  Chipping  Barnet.     Pop.  465. 

Northallerton,  borough  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on 
the  great  road  from  London  to  Edinburgh,  30  m. 
N.W.York.  Lon.l°27'W,  Lat,  54°  20' N.  Pop.. 
2,234. 

Northam,  v.  Eng.  2  m.  from  Southampton. 

North  Armenia,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N,  Y. 

Northampton,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Leicester, 
Rutland,  and  Lincoln  ;  E.  and  S.  by  Cambridge, 
Huntingdon,  Bedford,  Buckingham,  and  part  of 
Oxford ;  and  W.  by  Oxford  and  Warwick.  It  con- 
tains 965  sq.  miles,  or  about  618,000  acres,  and 
141,353  inhabitants.     It  is  a  fine  and  pleasant 


NOR 


NOR 


525 


county,  and  noted  for  the  number  of  mansioua  and 
country  seats  which  it  contains, 

JS'orfhamplon,  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Northampton 
CO.  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Nen.  The  principal 
msuiufactures  are  those  of  boots  and  shoes,  princi- 
pally for  exportation ;  and  of  lace.  It  is  a  great 
thoroughfare,  both  on  the  N.  and  W.  Roads.  The 
horse  market  here  was  formerly  esteemed  the 
greatest  in  the  kingdom.  It  sends  two  members 
to  parliament.  66  m.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0"  44' 
W.    Lat.  52°  14'  N.     Pop.  in  1811,  8,427. 

Northampton,  t.  York  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  W.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Northampton,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
coast,  7  m.  S.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  651. 

JVortlmmpton,  p-t.  and  cap.  flampshire  co.  Mass. 
very  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W;  bank  of  Con- 
necticut river,  in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  country, 
18  m.  N.  Springfield,  42  N.  Hartford,  97  W.  Bos- 
ton. Pop.  2,631.  'The  village  contains  a  hand- 
.«ome  court-house,  a  jail,  an  elegant  and  spacious 
Congregational  meeting-house,  a  bank,  insurance 
office,  a  printing  office,  from  which  is  issued  a 
weekly  newspaper.  Here  are  two  tanneries,  2 
woollen  manufactories,  and  several  other  manu- 
facturing establishments.  The  meadows  on  Con- 
necticut river  at  this  place  are  very  extensive  and 
fertile.  The  surrounding  scenery  is  romantic 
and  beautiful ;  and  from  Mount  Holyoke,  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  there  is  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive prospects  in  New  England. 

Northampton.,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  T.  17  m. 
N.  E.  Johnstown,  60  N.W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,474. 

Northampton,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  7  m.  S.  E. 
Burlington.  Pop.  4,171,  In  this  town  is  Mount 
Holly. 

Northampton,  co.  Pa.  on  Delaware  river.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Lehigh.  Pop.  38,145.  Chief 
town,  Easton. 

Northampton,  p-t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     Pop.  710. 

Northampton,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,176. 

Northampton,  co.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Va.  at 
the  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  1,4!!^. 
Slaves,  3,350.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Northampton,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
13,087,  including  7,253  slaves.  At  the  court-house 
is  a  post-office. 

Northampton,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  W, 
Ravenna. 

Northap,  t.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  3  m.  S.  Flint, 
201  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  ti"  7  W.  Lat.  53°  12'  N. 
Pop.  2,542. 

North  Bend,  p-v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  riv- 
er Ohio,  15  m.  below  Cincinnati,  6  above  the 
boundary  of  the  state. 

North  Benton,  p-v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

North  Beveland.     See  Bevcland. 

Northborough,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  11m. 
E.  Worcester,  33  W.  Boston.     Pop.  794. 

Northbridge,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  12  m,  S.  E, 
Worcester,  45  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  713. 

North  Brookfteld,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  for- 
merly the  second  parish  of  Brookfield, 

North,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland, 
Lon.  8°  55'  W.   Lat.  5^"  15'  N. 

North,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  the  island  of  Mage- 
roe,  on  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lon,  25"  0'  45"  E. 
Lat.  71"!  1' 30"  N. 

North,  Cape,  the  N.  cape  on  the  coast  of  Bra- 
ail.     Lon.  56^6' W,    Lat.  1°  48' N, 

N»rth,  Cape,  the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  St. 


John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Lon.  63°  55' 
W.    Lat,  47°  N. 

North,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Cape  Breton.     Lon.  60°  12'  W.    Lat.  47°  2'  N. 

North,  Cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  New  Zealand. 
Lon.  186"  55'  W.    Lat.  34°  22'  S. 

North  Castle,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  33  m. 
N.  E.  New  York.     Pop.  1,366. 

North  Coasts,  department  of.  See  Coies  du 
Nord. 

North-east,  p-t.  Duchess  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  N.  E. 
Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  3,441.  It  contains  5  houses 
for  public  worship. 

North-east,  p-v.  Erie  co.  Fa. 

North-east,  r.  Cecil  co.  Md.  which  flows  into  the 
Chesapeake,  5  m.  S.  E.  Charlestown. 

Northend,  p-v.  Matthews  co.  Va. 

North  Ferry,  or  North  Q^ueensferrij,  v.  Scotland, 
in  Fifeshire,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  frith  of  Forth, 
opposite  the  royal  burgh  of  Queensferry,  6  m.  S, 
Dunfermline,     Pop.  300. 

Northfield,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.     Pop.  426. 

Norlf{field,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Mer- 
rimack, 14  m.  N.  Concord.     Pop.  1,057. 

Nortt\field,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  both  sides 
of  Connecticut  river,  8  m.  N.  Greenfield.  Pop. 
in  1819,  1,350.  On  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  is  a 
handsome  village. 

Northfitld,  p-t.  Richmond  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  N.W. 
part  of  Staten  Island,  5  m.  W.  Southfield,  Pop. 
1,595,     It  has  3  churches, 

Northfield,  t,  Essex  co.  (N.  J.)  N.  W.  Newark. 

Northford,  p-t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  10  m.  N.  E. 
New  Haven. 

North  Foreland.     See  Foreland. 

North  Gasconade,  t.  Franklin  co.  Missouri. 

North  Haven,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  7  m.  N. 
New  Haven. 

North  Hempstead,  p-t.  and  cap.  Queen's  co.  N. 
Y.  on  Long  Island  sound,  20  m.  E.  New  York. 
Pop.  2,750.  In  this  toAvn  is  Harborhill,  the  highest 
land  on  Long  Island.  It  is  405  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

North  Hero,  p-t.  and  cap.  Grand  isle  co.  Vt.  on 
Grand  isle  in  Lake  Champlain,  26  m.  N.  Burling- 
ton.    Pop.  552. 

North  Killingworth,  p-v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 

North  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  in  Dixon's 
entrance.  Lon.  133°  10' W.  Lat.  54°  20' N. 

North  Island,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Fe- 
dee  river,  S.  C.  Lon.  79°  3'  W.  Lat.  33°  20'  N. 

North  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  entrance  of 
the  straits  of  Sunda.  Lat.  5°  37'  S. 

North  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  VV.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo. Lon.  109°  5' E,  Lat,  1°  22'  S. 

North  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S,  coast  of  Ce- 
lebes, Lon,  120" 48' E,  Lat.5°38'S. 

North  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Bouton.  Lon.  122°  50'  E.  Lat.  5° 
33' S. 

North  Island,  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land. Lon.  137°  2'  E.  Lat.  16°  30i'  S. 

North  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bliy  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  87°  57'  W.  Lat.  17°  24'  N. 

North  Kingston,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on  Nar- 
raganset  bay,  20  m.  S.  W.  Providence,  12  N.  W. 
Newport.  Pop.  2,957.  It  has  a  number  of  ves- 
sels employed  in  the  fisheric,  and  in  the  coasting 
trade.     In  this  town  is  the  village  of  Wickford. 

North  Leach,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  25  m.  E. 
Glouce.==ter,  82  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  49'  W.  Lat. 
51°  50'  N.     Pop.  647. 


^m9 


NOR 


North  Mountain^  a  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains in  the  U.  S.  which  extp.nds  through  Franklin 
and  Cumberland  counties,  Penns)dvania. 

JVorth  Mountain  Creek,  r.  Missouri  Territory, 
which  runs  into  the  Missouri,  239  m.  below  the 
Falls.     It  is  30  yards  wide. 

JVorfh  Norwich,  p-v.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Patucket. 

Northorn,  t.  Hanover,  8  m.  N.  Bentheim.  Pop. 
900. 

North  Point  Islet,  small  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of 
JJew  Holland.     Lon.  136°  45'  E.  Lat.  13"  37'  S. 

Northport,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  Penob- 
scot bay,  14  m.  N.  W.  Castine.     Pop.  780. 

North  Portland,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  22  m.  N. 
W.  Norridgewock. 

North  Providence,  L  Providence  co.  R.  I.  4  m. 
N.  of  Providence.  Pop.  1,738.  Including  Patuck- 
et, it  contains  3  churches,  2  for  Baptists,  and  1  for 
Episcopalians,  2  academies,  and  a  bank.  North 
Providence  is  distinguished  for  its  manufacture*. 
See  Pawtucket. 

North  Reef,  reef  on  the  const  of  Hiepaniola.  Lon. 
69°  12'  W.  Lat.  33°  x\. 

Northrington,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 

North  River,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  discharg- 
es itself  into  the  Ottawa,  4  m.  below  the  great 
falls. 

North  River,  r.  Mass.  whic;h  runs  into  Massa- 
chusetts bay  between  Scituate  and  Marshfield. 
It  is  navigable  18  miles  to  Pembroke  for  vessels  of 
300  tons,  and  for  boats  to  the  falls,  within  3  miles 
of  the  source  of  Taunton  river. 

North  Rivey;  Va.     See  Calf  pasture. 

North  Salem,  t.  West  Chester  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N. 
Bedford,  53  fr.  New  York.  Pop.  1,204.  It  con- 
tains  an  academy  and  3  or  4  churches. 

North  Sea.     See  German  Ocean. 

North  Scipio,  p-v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

North  Sound  Point,  cape  of  the  island  of  Anti- 
gua. Lon.  61°  27'  W.  Lat.  17°  16'  N. 

North  Stonington,  p-t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  50 
m.  S.  E.  Plartford.  Pop.  2,524.  It  contains  4 
churches. 

North  Vineyard,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  15  m. 
W.  Norridgewock. 

Northumberland,  an  extensive  county,  Eng.  on 
the  borders  of  Scotland,  bounded  by  the  German 
ocean  on  the  E.  by  Scotland  on  the  N.  and  N.  W ; 
by  Cumberland  on  the  W.  and  Durham  on  the  S. 
It  contains  about  1,850  s(]uare  miles,  or  1,184,000 
acres.  Pop.  172,161.  Along  the  sea  coast  the 
face  of  the  country  is  nearly  level.  The  western 
part  is  an  open  mountainous  district.  North- 
umberland is  distinguished  for  its  agriculture; 
but  its  mineral  riches  have  chiefly  raised  it  to  its 
present  rank  and  importance.  Here  is  situated 
the  greatest  coal  district  in  the  world,  which  has 
continued  for  centuries  to  supply  the  vast  con- 
sumption of  the  metropolis,  of  the  whole  eastern 
and  southern  coasts  of  the  island,  and  of  a  great 
part  of  the  continent.  It  yields  also  lead  in  such 
abundance  as  almost  to  equal  the  supply  from 
all  the  rest  of  Europe.  The  lead  district  is  partly 
in  Northumberland,  partly  in  Durham,  and  partly 
in  Cumberland.  Between  1803  and  1810,  the 
greatest  quantity  of  lead  shipped  in  any  one  year 
at  the  port  of  Newcastle,  was  10,352  tons,  the 
least  3,911,  the  average  being  about  7,000. 

Northumberland,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  extending  from  Hamp- 
shire CO.  eastv;ard  to  Labrador. 


NOR 

Northumberland,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  90  m.  N.  Concord. 

Northumberland,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  1 1  m.  N.  E.  Ballston-Spa,  44  N.  Albany. 
Pop.  2,041. 

Northumberland,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Lyco- 
ming CO.  E.  by  Luzerne  co.  S.  by  Berks,  Dau- 
phine,  and  Mifflin  counties,  and  W.  by  Centre  co. 
It  is  watered  by  both  branches  of  the  Susquehan- 
nah.     Pop.  36,327.     Chief  town,  Sunbury, 

Northumberland,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  627. 

Northumberland,  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Potomac,  at  its  entrance  into  Chesapeak  bay. 
Pop.  8,308.  Slaves,  3,847.  At  the  court-house  is 
a  post-office. 

Northumberland,  Cape,  rocky  projection  on  the 
S.  coast  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  140°  37i'  E.  Lat. 
38"  2'  S. 

Northumberland  Islands,  islands  near  the  N.  E. 
coast  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  149°  47'  to  150°  37' 
E.  Lat.  21°  32' to  22°  S. 

Northumberland  Straits,  channel  of  the  Eastera 
seas,  between  the  islands  of  Calamir.nes  and  the 
shoals  of  Apo. 

North  West  river  bridge,  p-v.  Norfolk  co.  Va. 

N'oi-th  West  Territory,  a  territory  of  the  U.  S. 
bounded  N.  by  the  boundary  line  between  tlie  U. 
States  and  the  British  possessions ;  E.  by  Michigan 
Territory  ;  S.  by  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  W.  by 
the  Mississippi.  It  extends  from  lat.  42°  30'  to 
49°  N.  and  contains  about  14<},000  square  miles. 
This  immense  tract  of  country  ba^  but  two  settle- 
ments ;  one  at  the  head  of  Green  Bay,  where  fort 
Howard  stands;  the  other  at  the  junction  of  the 
Ouisconsin  with  the  Mississippi,  called  Prairie  du 
Chien,  where  fort  Crawford  stands.  Both  these 
places  have  military  garrisons.  The  rest  of  the 
country  is  possessed  exclusively  by  the  Indians, 

This  Territory  has  been  very  imperfectly  ex- 
plored; but  the  alluvial  bottoms  on  its  rivers, 
wherever  they  have  been  examined,  ai'e  said  to  be 
as  rich  as  those  of  Ohio  and  Michigan.  The  most 
remarkable  vegetable  production  is  the  wild  rice, 
a  productive  and  highly  valuable  aquatic  plant, 
with  which  the  lakes,  rivers,  and  bays  of  this  Ter- 
ritory generally  abound.  It  grows  in  water  of  from 
4  to  7  feet  deep.  When  it  is  ripe  the  Indians  pass 
through  it  in  their  canoes,  lined  with  blankets, 
and  bending  the  stalks  over  the  sides,  beat  off  the 
grain  with  sticks ;  and  such  is  the  abundance  of 
the  harvest,  that  an  expert  Indian  will  soon  fill  a 
canoe. 

But  the  most  valuable  productions  of  this  Ter- 
ritory are  its  mineral  treasures.  Near  Prairie  du 
Chien,  are  Dubuque's  lead  mines,  considered  the 
richest  yet  found  in  the  U.  Slates.  They  occupy 
a  district  27  leagues  long,  and  from  1  to  3  broad. 
They  are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  Indians,  by 
whom  they  are  worked  in  a  very  imperfect  man- 
ner. They  were  formerly  wrought  by  M.  Du- 
buque, under  the  authority  of  a  Spanish  grant, 
and  yielded  from  20  to  40,000  pound^  of  lead  per 
annum.  The  crude  ore  yields  75  per  cent,  of  me- 
tallic lead.  On  the  south  shore  of  lake  Superior, 
large  masses  of  pure  copper  have  been  found,  es- 
pecially on  the  banks  of  the  Ontanagon  river.  The 
Indians  used  to  manufacture  it  into  spoons  and 
bracelets.  In  the  perfect  state  in  whf'h  they 
found  it,  they  had  nothing  to  do  but  to  beat  it  into 
shape.  The  existence  of  these  copper  mines  has 
hereto&,re  been  doubted,  but  the  accounts  of  the 


NOR 


NOR 


527 


first  travellers  have  recently  been  confirmed  by 
numerous  unexceptionable  witnesses,  and  compa- 
nies will  doubtless  soou  be  formed  to  work  them 
on  a  large  scale.  For  account  of  Indians,  see  Ap- 
pendix. 

Korlhwood,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  II.  20  m.  E. 
Concord,  27  W.  x\.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,095. 

North  Yarmouth,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
on  Casco  bay,  12  m.  N.  Portland.     Pop.  3,295. 

Norton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  9  m.  N.  by  W. 
Doncaster.     Pop.  558. 

Norton,  t.  En;;,  in  Herefordshire,  3  m.  N.  E. 
Brom  Yard.     Pop.  533. 

Nort07i,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  75  m.  N.  E.  iMontpelier, 

Norton,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mnss.  8  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Taunton,  36  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,598.  Here  is 
a  large  nail  factory. 

Norton,  p-t.  Delaware  co,  Ohio,  34  m.  N.  Co- 
lumbus. 

Norton  Sound,  a  large  bay  on  the  N,  W.  coast 
of  America,  discovered  by  Capt.  Cook  in  1778, 
which  extends  to  the  N.  as  far  as  lat.  64"  55'. 

Norunga,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  84°  10'  E. 
Lat.  24"  45'  N. 

Norwalk,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long  Island 
sound,  45  m.  N.  E.  New  York,  31  S.  W.  New  Ha- 
ven. Pop.  2,983.  It  contains  a  printing  office,  an 
academy,  and  3  churches,  1  for  Congregational- 
ists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  It 
owns  some  shipping,  employed  in  the  coasting 
trade,     h.  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Norwalk,  t.  and  cap.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S. 
Lake  Erie,  115  N.  Columbus. 

Norwalk  Islands,  small  islands  in  Long  Island 
sound,  near  the  coast  of  Connecticut.  Lon.  72"  22' 
W.  Lat.  41"  4'  N. 

Norway,  an  extensive  kingdom  of  the  north  of 
Europe,  united  in  1815  to  Sweden.  It  extends 
from  the  Naze,  in  N.  lat.  57"  58'  to  the  North  Cape, 
in  lat.  71"  11'  30"  N.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Sweden 
and  Swedish  Lapland  ;  W.  by  the  German  and 
Northern  oceans;  and  S.  by  the  narrow  sea, 
forming  the  entrance  to  the  Sound  and  Baltic.  It 
is  divided  into  four  governments  or  dioceses,  viz. 
Aggerhuus,  Christiansand,  Bergen,  and  Dron- 
theim.  The  last  is  succeeded  by  Norrland,  also 
a  long  narrow  province ;  and  the  whole  is  termi- 
nated by  Finmark  or  Norwegian  Lapland,  a 
dreary  and  inhospitable  region,  forming  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  Europe.  The  extent  and  popu- 
lation of  these  provinces  are  as  follows  ; 
Extent  in 
English  sq. 
miles. 
37,327 
14,877 
14,356 
22,858 

71,582 


Divisions. 


Aggerhuus 
Christiansand 
Bergen 
Drontheim 
Norrland  and 
I'inmark 


Population. 

390,000 
140,000 
150,000 
170,000 


80,000 


Pop. 

onasq. 

mile. 

10 

10 

10 


Total  161,000  930,000 

The  surface  of  Norway  is  very  uneven,  pre- 
senting a  succession  of  mountains  and  vallies ;  the 
former  in  general  barren  and  uninhabited.  Flax 
and  hemp  are  raised  in  many  parts  of  the  coun- 
try ;  in  othei-s  barley  and  oats.  Still  it  is  compu- 
ted that  not  more  than  one-hundredth  part  of  the 
kingdom  is  under  tillage;  and  about  200,000  quar- 
ters of  grain  are  annually  imported.  The  main 
article  of  the  export  trade  of  Norway  for  many 
ages  has  been  its  timber.  Its  mountains  are  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine,  ash,  but  in  particular  of 
fir,  which  grows  over  almost  all  the  country.  Min- 


erals form  another  part  of  the  wealth  of  this  rugged 
region.  The  annual  produce  of  the  forges  of  Norway 
has  been  computed  at  about  8,000  tons  of  iron.  The 
copper  is  of  very  superior  quality ;  and  the  chief 
mines  of  it  are  at  Roras.  The  shipping  belonging 
to  Norway  amounts  to  nearlyl00,000  tons;  thenum- 
ber  of  seamen  isl  0,000.  The  fisheries  are  extensive, 
and  may  be  considered,  after  timber  and  iron,  the 
chief  support  of  the  export  trade.  The  revenus 
of  Norway  is  about  400,000^.  sterling,  and  the  ex- 
penditure about  the  same.  The  army  contains 
10  or  12,000  men,  and  the  navy  is  very  small. 
Norway  formerly  belonged  to  Denmark,  but  in 
1812,  the  threatening  expedition  of  Bonaparte 
against  Russia  induced  that  power  and  Great 
Britain  to  exert  themselves  lo  secure  the  neutral- 
ity or  alliance  of  Sweden.  They  accordingly  stip- 
ulated for  Sweden  the  conquest  and  possession  of 
Norway,  and  in  conformity  with  this  agreement, 
the  Danish  court  was  compelled  to  sign  on  the  14th 
January  1814,  the  treaty  of  Kiel,  stipulating  the 
sacrifice  of  Norway  for  the  very  inadequate  return 
ol  Swedish  Pomerania  and  the  island  of  Rugon. 
The  Norwegians,  indigitaut  at  this  transfer,  took 
up  arms;  but  after  a  siiictedresisttmce,  an  assem- 
bly convened  at  Christiana,  agreed  that  Norway 
should  be  permanently  governed  by  the  same  king- 
as  Sweden,  but  as  an  integral  state,  and  with  the 
preservation  of  its  couititution  and  laws.  It  was 
declared  a  free,  independent,  and  inalienable 
kingdom,  the  succession  to  be  in  the  male  line,  and 
the  reigning  prince  a  Lutheran. 

Norway,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  8  m.  S.  W.  Pa- 
ris.    Pop,  1,010. 

Norway,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N.  Her- 
kimer, 90  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,466. 

Norway  plains.     See  Rochester. 

Norwegan,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  415. 

Norwich,  city,  Eng.  in  Norfolk  co.  the  principal 
town  in  the  county,  the  chief  city  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  kingdom,  and  a  place  long  noted  for 
its  trade  and  extensive  manufactures.  It  stands 
on  the  Wensora,  which  is  navigable  up  to  the 
town.  The  chief  public  buildings  are  the 
castle  and  the  cathedral ;  but  there  are,  besides, 
no  fewer  than  36  churches,  various  dissenting 
chapels,  and  numerous  institutions  for  chari- 
table and  benevolent  purposes.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  bombazines,  worsted  damasks, 
flowered  satins,  and  fine  camblets.  To  these  have 
been  recently  added  cottons,  shawls,  and  other 
fancy  goods,  both  lor  furniture  and  dress.  The 
manufacture  of  cotton  thread  lace  has  also  been 
introduced  ;  and  the  trade  in  linen  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing state.  The  imports  and  exports  of  Norwich 
are  chiefly  managed  through  the  medium  of  its 
port,  Yarmouth.  22  m.  W.  Yarmouth,  108  N.  E. 
London.  Lon.  1°  17'  E.  Lat.  52"  38'  N.  Pop.  in 
1811,37,256. 

Norwich,  t.  Oxford  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  the 
riv^r  Thames. 

Norwich,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  ojjposite  Hanover,  21  m.  N.  Windsor.  Pop. 
1,812.     Here  is  a  military  academy. 

Norwich,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  12  ra.  W. 
Northampton.     Pop.  968. 

Norwich,  city,  New-London  co.  Ct.  on  tiie 
Thames,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  13m.  N.  New 
London,  38  S.  E.  Hartford,  45  W.  S.  W.  Provi- 
dence. Lat.  41°  34'  N.  Lon.  72"  5'  W.  Pop.  in  1810, 
3,528.  The  Thames  is  formed  by  Shetucket  and 
Yantic  rivers,  which  unite  in  this  town  at  a  place 
called  Chelsea  landing,  and  form  a  safe  and  com- 


528  NOT 

modious  harbour.  The  Yantic  about  a  mile  i'roiu 
its  mouth,  has  a  cataract,  remarkable  for  its  ro- 
mantic scenery,  and  affording  fine  sites  for  mills 
and  manufacturing  establishments.  There  are 
within  the  town  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  2  insur- 
ance companies,  and  6  houses  tor  public  worship, 
2  for  Congregationalists,  2  for  Methodists,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Baptists.  Among  the 
manufacturing  establishments  are  1  woollen  facto- 
ry, 1  cotton  factory,  2  manufactories  of  morocco 
leather,  2  paper  mills,  5  tanneries,  1  carding-ma- 
chine,  6  grain  mills,  and  6  saw  mills. 

Norwich  city  is  divided  into  three  distinct  and 
compact  settlements,  called  Chelsea  landing,  the 
Town,  and  Bean  hill.  Chelsea  landing  is  very 
romantically  situated  at  the  point  of  land  formed 
by  the  union  of  Shetucket  and  Yantic  rivers,  and 
is  the  seat  of  most  of  the  commercial  business  of 
the  place.  The  Town  is  about  2  miles  N.  W.  of 
Chelsea,  and  contains  the  court-house  and  some 
other  public  buildings.  Bean  hill  is  a  pleasant 
settlement  in  the  western  partof  Norwich.  A  line 
of  steam -boats  opens  a  communication  between 
Norwich  and  New- York  three  times  a  week. 

JVorwich,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  river 
Chenango,  8  m.  N.  Oxford,  100  W.  Albany.  The 
village  is  flourishing  and  pleasant,  and  contains  a 
court-house  and  jail.     Pop.  2,550. 

JVonvich,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river, 
7  m.  above  Columbus.     Pop.  in  1819,  350. 

J^osenstadt.     See  Bistritz. 

Noss,  small  isl.  Scotland,  S.  E.  of  the  island  of 
Bressay.  It  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  of  the  Shet- 
land isles.     Lon.  1°  5'  W.  Lat.  60°  12'  N. 

Nosstj  small  isl.  in  a  great  bay  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  50"  13'  E.  Lat.  13" 
12' S. 

Kossen,  t,  Saxony,  on  the  Moldsi,  19  m.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  1,000. 

Koss  Head,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Scotland,  4  m. 
N.  Wick.     Lon.  2"  55'  W.  Lat  58°  26'  N. 

JVotch,  The.     See  White  Mountains. 

JS''olto,  Vnl  di,  one  of  the  three  provinces  into 
which  Sicily  is  divided,  forming  the  S.  E.  portion 
of  the  island.     Pop.  nearly  460,000. 

Js'oio,  t.  in  the  S.  E.  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto, 
15  m.  S.  W.  Syracuse,  40  S.  Catania.  Pop. 
16,000. 

J^olre  Dame  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  55°  40'  W.  Lat.  49°  55'  N. 

Notre  Dame  d' Aboridance,  v.  Sardinian  States, 
in  Savoy,  30  m.  E.  Geneva. 

Notre  Dame  de  Leisse,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  m. 
E.byN.  Laon.     Pop.  1,100. 

Notre  Dame  de  St.  Pey,  t.  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  1,300. 

Notre  Dame  des  Angcs,  seigniory,  Quebec  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
at  the  confluence  of  St.  Charles  river,  opposite 
Quebec. 

Notre  Dame  de  Torce,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne, 
22  m.  S.  E.  aiayenne.     Pop.  1,300. 

Notre  Dame  du  Port,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Ga- 
ronne,  10  m.  W.  Agen.     Pop.  1,100. 

Notre  Dame  du  Thil,  t.  France,  a  few  miles  N. 
W .  Beauvais.     Pop.  1,200. 

Nottaway,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  Amelia  co.     Pop.  9,279.     Slaves,  6,368. 

Nottaway,  r.  which  rises  in  Virginia,  receives 
Blackwater  river,  and  unites  with  the  Meherrin, 
in  N.  C.  to  form  the  Chowan. 

Notte,  r.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  which  falls 
into  the  Spree,  near  Koppenich. 


N  O  V 

Notteln,  I.  Prussian  states,  10  m.  W.  Munsler. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Nottingham,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Yorkshire, 
E.  by  Lincolnshire,  S.  by  Leicestershire,  and  W. 
by  Derbyshire.  It  contains  774  sq.  miles,  or 
495,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1811,  162,900;  families, 
33,324,  of  whom  12,293  were  employed  in  agri- 
culture, 18,923  in  trade  and  manufactures,  and 
2,298  otiierwise.  It  is  one  of  the  most  fertile, 
healthful,  and  agreeable  counties  in  all  England ; 
and  is  noted  for  the  number  of  mansions  and 
country  seats  of  the  nobility  which  it  contains. — 
Nottinghamshire  is  also  noted  for  its  manufac- 
tures, of  which  that  of  stockings  is  the  staple. 

Nottingham,  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Nottingham  co. 
on  the  Trent.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
towns  in  England,  from  its  picturesque  situation, 
and  the  striking  appearance  of  its  buildings.  The 
trade  and  manufactures  of  Nottingham  are  very 
extensive,  owing  to  its  situation  near  the  centre 
of  the  kingdom,  in  the  line  of  the  great  Trent  and 
Mersey  navigation,  which  affords  it  an  easy  access 
both  to  the  eastern  and  western  seas,  and  having 
its  communications  equally  open  towards  the 
south,  with  the  Severn  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
Thames  on  the  other.  Tlie  staple  manufacture  is 
that  of  stockings,  chiefly  the  finer  kinds,  as  those 
of  silk  and  cotton.  These  are  all  wrought  on  the 
stocking  frame.  For  the  last  20  years  also,  a  great 
number  of  hands  have  been  employed  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lace  for  veils,  shawls,  &c.  which  has 
greatly  added  to  the  wealth  and  business  of  the 
town.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  Pop. 
in  1779,  17,700;  in  1811,34,363.  ]25m.N.byW. 
London.     Lon.  1°  10'  W.  Lat.  52°  59'  N. 

Nottingham,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  12  m. 
E.  Exeter,  23  N.  W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,063. 

Nottingham,  West,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  40  m.  S.  Concord. 
45  N.Boston.     Pop.  1,379. 

Nottingham,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.    Pop.  2,615. 

Nottingham,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.    Pop.  2,037. 

Nottingham,  East,  t  Chester  co.  Pa.  Fop. 
1,409. 

Nottingham,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.    Pop.  642. 

Nottingham,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Prince 
George  co.  Md.  on  the  Patuxent,  28  m.  S.  E. 
Washington.     Shipping  in  1816,  1,473  tons. 

Nottingham,  East,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  10  m.  from 
Charlestown. 

Nottingham,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W,  Ca- 
diz. 

Nova,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon. 
50"  30'  W.  Lat.  0°  4'  S. 

Novaia,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Irtysch,  100  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Tobolsk. 

Nova  Iberia.     See  New  Iberia. 

Novalaise,  i.  Sardinian  states,  in  Savoy,  10  m. 
N.  E.  Pont-de-Beauvoisin.     Pop.  1,500. 

Novak,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  11  m.  S.  by  W.  Tre- 
viso.     Pop.  2,500. 

Novara,  a  province  of  the  N.  W.  of  Italy,  in  tlie 
Sardinian  Milanese.  Extent,  1,400  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
226,000. 

Novara,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian  Milanese,  cap. 
of  the  province  of  the  same  name,  is  surrounded 
with  a  rampart  and  a  broad  ditch,  and  defended 
also  by  a  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  liaen, 
and  leather ;  and  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  26  m.  W. 
Milan.  Lon.  8"  37'  E.  Lat.  45"  26'  N.  Pop. 
13,000. 

Nova  Scotia,  a  province  of  British  America, 
between  lat,  43°  30'  and  46"  30'  N.    It  i3  a  narrow 


NOV 


N  O  X 


;29 


peninsula,  more  than  300  miles  long,  stretching 
from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
thejjulf  of  St.  Lawrence;  W.  by  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy ;  N.  W.  by  the  province  of  New  Brunswick ; 
and  on  all  other  sides  by  the  Atlantic  ocean.  The 
N.  E.  shores  present  a  gloomy  and  barren  aspect ; 
but  the  counties  to  the  S.  W.  of  Halifax,  and 
along  the  bay  of  Fundy,  have  a  rich  soil,  and 
produce  good  crops  of  grain. — The  population  is 
estimated  at  more  than  100,000.  The  great  body 
of  the  people  are>  of  English  origin ;  principally 
emigrants  from  New  England.  After  these,  the 
Scotch  and  Irish  settlers  are  most  numerous.  The 
Mickmack  Indians  were  the  aborigines  of  the 
province,  and  still  inhabit  the  shore  E.  of  Hali- 
fax. They  are  diminishing  in  numbers. — The 
established  religion  is  that  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. There  is  one  bishop,  whose  diocese  in- 
cludes Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  isl- 
ands of  Cape  Breton  and  Prince  Edward. — There 
is  a  college  at  Windsor,  which  has  a  valuable  li- 
brary, and  several  scholarships.  Schools  are  es- 
tablished in  all  the  villages. — The  commerce  and 
wealth  of  Nova  Scotia  have  increased,  of  late, 
with  great  rapidity.  Fish  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  commodities,  and  are  exported  in  great 
quantities  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  West  Indiee. 

JVova  Zemblat  a  very  large  island  in  the  Arctic 
ocean,  belonging  to  the  Russian  government  of 
Archangel,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  straits 
of  Waigatz.  It  extends  from  69"  to  76°  N.  lat.  and 
is  about  500  miles  long,  and  240  broad.  The  east 
coast  has  not  yet  been  explored,  being  seldom  ac- 
cessible, on  account  of  the  ice  by  which  it  is  sur- 
rounded. Indeed,  no  part  of  this  dreary  and 
inhospitable  region  has  any  permanent  inhabit- 
ants ;  but  the  south  and  west  coasts  are  visited  by 
fishermen  and  hunters,  sent  out  by  the  merchants 
of  Archangel  and  Mczen.  The  island  of  Nova 
Zembla  is  divided  into  two  parts,  nearly  equal,  by 
a  narrow  and  winding  strait,  which  traverses  it 
from  east  to  west. 

Kovdar,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  21  m.  S.  E. 
Mourao. 

JVore,  v.  Austrian  Italy,  13  m.  N.  N.  E.  Vicenza. 

NoveUara,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Modena,  on 
a  small  river  which  falls  into  the  Po,  8  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Guastalla,  16  N.  N.  W.  Modena.     Pop.  4,000. 

JVovcs,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  6  m. 
S.  E.  Avignon,     Pop   1,400, 

J^orgorod,  or  J^ovogorod,  a  large  government  in 
in  the  N.  W,  of  European  Russia,  between  20°  50' 
and  38"  50'  E.  Ion,  and  57°  30'  and  60°  30'  N,  lat, 
having  an  area  of  55,000  sq,  miles.   Pop.  780,000. 

Novgorod,  or  Novgorod  Veliki,  t.  Eu.  Russia, 
cap,  of  the  above  government,  is  in  a  beautiful 
plain  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  lake  Ilmen.  It 
contains  the  Kremlin  or  citadel,  in  which  is  the 
ancient  palace  of  the  czars,  now  in  a  state  of  di- 
l^apidation,  and  the  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia.  Nov- 
gorod-Veliki is  one  of  the  most  ancint  cities  of  the 
empire,  having  been  founded  in  the  5th  century. 
In  the  9th  century  Ruric,  the  reigning  sovereign, 
made  it  the  seat  of  his  government.  At  present 
Novgorod  consists  of  small  scattered  groupes  of 
miserable  houses.  These  ruins,  and  the  extraor- 
dinary number  of  its  churches,  attest  its  former 
magnitude.  It  is  still  the  see  of  an  archbishop. 
112  m.  S,  S,  E.  St.  Petersburg.  Lon,  31"  19' E. 
Lat,  58°  31'  N. 

Novgorod.     See  Nischnei-Novgorod. 

vgarod-Seererskoi,  t.  F.u.  Russia,  at  the  conflu- 


I. 


67 


ence  of  the  Dnieper  and  the  Desna.     86  m.  E.  N. 
E,  Czernigov.     Pop.  3,000. 

Novi,  t.  in  the  N,  W,  of  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian 
States,  23  m.  N.  by  E.  Genoa,  in  a  fertile  plain,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Appennines,  Pop,  5,400.  On  the 
16th  of  August  1799,  one  of  the  most  sanguinary 
battles  in  the  18th  century  took  place  here,  be- 
tween the  French  under  Joubert,  assisted  by  Mo- 
reau,  and  the  Austro  Russian  forces,  under  SuwEir- 
row,  in  which  the  former  were  worsted. 

Novi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bosnia,  45  m.  S.  E. 
Carlstadt, 

Novi,  t,  Italy,  in  the  dochy  of  Modena,  20  m.  N. 
by  E,  Modena, 

Novi,  t,  Austrian  States,  on  the  Adriatic,  25  m. 
S,E.  Fiumc,     Pop.  1,400. 

Novi-Bazar,  or  Novi-Pasar,  t,  Eu,  Turkey,  in 
Servia,  near  the  Oresco,  70  m,  W,  by  N.  Nissa,  85 
S,  Belgrade.     Pop,  8,000. 

Novigrad,  t,  Austrian  States,  in  Dalmatja,  16 
m,  N.  Scardona,  Lon,  17°  32'  E.  Lat.  44°  28'  N. 
Pop.  800. 

Novion  Porcien,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  6  ra.  N. 
Rethel.     Pop.  1,100. 

Novilia,  San  Geronimo  de,  city,  New  Grenada, 
160  m.  N.  Popayan,  140  S.  S.  W.  Santa  Fe  de  An- 
tioquia.     Lon.  76°  16'  W.  Lat.  5°  4'  N. 

NovogUidka,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Terek. 

Novogrodek,  t.  Ruseian  Lithuania,  in  Grodno, 
244  m.  E.  S.  E.  Konigsberg,  233  E,  N.  E.  War- 
saw. 

Novoi  Oskol,  t.  Eu,  Russia,  90  m.  S.  E.  Kursk. 
Pop.  2,900, 

Novomirgorod,  t,  Eu.  Russia,  160  m.  N.  N.  W, 
Cherson,     Pop,  2,400. 

Novomoskovsk,  t,  Eu,  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav, 
near  the  Dnieper,  16  m,  N.  Ekaterinoslav,  Lon. 
35°  12'  E.  Lat.  48°  30' N. 

Novo-Rschev,  t.  Eu,  Russia,  70  m.  S,  S.  E.  Pskov. 

Novo-Shansarov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pultava,  21 
m,  S.  S.  W.  Pultava.     Pop,  3,700. 

Noutra,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  35  m.  S.  Cracow. 

Nouvion,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  13  m.  N.  W.  Ver- 
vins.     Pop,  2,600. 

Nonzille,  or  Noisilk,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and- 
Loire,  9  m,  N,  Tours,     Pop,  1,000, 

Nowadaga,  r,  N,  Y.  which  runs  into  the  S,  side 
of  the  Mohawk,  at  Minden, 

Noivadah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon,  85°  40'  E. 
Lat.  24°  54'  N, 

Nowagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Mahanuddy  river.  Lon.  82°  55'  E.  Lat. 
21°  55'  N. 

Nowarahaut,  t.  Bengal,  10  m,  N.  E.  Dacca. 

Nowawes,  or  Neudore,  v.  Prussian  States,  in 
Brandenburg,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Pots- 
dam.    Pop.  1,700, 

Nowtll,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of  Ame- 
rica,    Lat.  60°  27'  N. 

Nowe  Miasto,  t,  Poland,  17  m,  S,  E.  Rawa,  42 
S,  S,  W,  W^arsaw.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nowemiasto,  t.  Poland,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Nid- 
da  and  the  Vistula,  40  m.  E.  by  N.  Cracow. 

NowidiDor,  t.  Poland,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Bog  and  the  Vistula,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Wariaw.  Pop. 
800. 

Novntary.    See  Neumarkt. 

Nowland's  Ferry,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Noicpooraf),  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  73* 
45'  E.  Lat,  21°  6'  N, 

Noxonlon,  x-.  N<^w«asfle  c^.  L">el.  iJ2  ».  S.  S.  W. 
Wilmington, 


530 


N  U  D 


N  U  R 


J^oya,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  a  bay  of  the  At- 
lantic, at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Noya.  19  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Compostella.  Lon.  8°  56'  W.  Lat.  42° 
50' N. 

J^oyau,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  river  Sorel,  32  m.  S.  E.  Montreal. 

J^oyen,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Sarthe,  5  m.  S. 
W.  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1^800, 

JVoyers,  t  France,  in  Yonne,  1 1  m.  S.  Tonnere, 
15  E.  S.  E.  Auxerre.     Pop.  2,000. 

JVoycrs,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  5  m.  W.  Sis- 
teron.     Pop.  1,000. 

A''oyon,i.  France,  in  Oise,  on  the  Verse.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  leather,  hats,  and  stock- 
ings, and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn  with  Paris.  It  is  the 
birthplace  of  Calvin.  25  m.  N.  W.  Soissons,  70 
N.  by  E.  Paris.     Pop.  6,000. 

JS'ozay,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inforieure,  20  m.  S. 
W.  Chateaubriant.     Pop.  2,100. 

Jfozeroy,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  on  the  Ain,  27  m. 
5.  Besancon.    Pop.  SOO. 

J^ozzano,  t.  Italy,  in  Lucca,  10  m.  N.  by  E.  Luc- 
ca. 

J^iube,  r.  Chili,  which  passes  the  ancient  city  of 
Chilian,  and  runs  into  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat. 
36"  S. 

J^ubia,  an  extensive  country  of  Africa,  inclo- 
sed between  Egypt,  Sennaar  and  the  Red  sea.  It  is 
covered  by  numberless  tribes  of  independent 
Arabs,  some  carrying  on  trade  in  towns,  others 
cultivating  the  ground,  ?nd  a  still  greater  number 
roaming  over  the  extensive  wastes  which  cover 
this  part  of  Africa.  With  the  exception  of  the  im- 
mediate banks  of  the  Nile,whichare  rendered  fertile 
by  laborious  irrigation,  Nubia  consists  almost  en- 
tirely of  sandy  and  rocky  deserts.  The  country 
on  the  Nile  is  split  into  a  series  of  little  independent 
kingdoms,  each  governed  by  its  own  Melek  or 
chief.  The  governors  of  these  little  districts  are 
described  as  very  violent  and  arbitrary  in  their 
proceedings,  and  rude  in  their  treatment  of  stran- 
gers ;  yet,  under  the  protection  of  the  pasha  of 
Egypt,  Europeans  may  now  travel  in  perfect  safe- 
ty as  far  as  Derri,  and  even  Ibrim. 

The  eastern  bank  of  the  Nile  is'much  better 
adapted  for  cultivation  than  the  western,  being 
more  easily  and  abundantly  watered.  This  is 
rather  remarkable,  since  all  the  splendid  ruins  for 
which  this  region  is  distinguished  are  on  the  oppo- 
site bank.  Hence  we  may  suspect  this  last  to  have 
been  formerly  more  fertile  and  populous,  but  re- 
duced to  its  present  state  by  the  continual  en- 
croachment of  those  immense  moving  sands  which 
extend  to  the  westward.  The  climate  of  Nubia, 
though  in  summer  intensely  hot,  is  remarkably 
healthy,  in  consequence  probably  of  the  extreme 
dryness  of  the  atmosphere. 

The  chief  trade  of  Nubia  consists  in  slaves  im- 
ported from  the  interior  of  Africa,  and  either  con- 
veyed northwards  into  Egypt,  or  across  the  Red 
sea  by  Souakin  and  Jidda.  The  annual  import  is 
estimated  at  5,000,  of  whom  2,500  are  for  Arabia, 
1,500  for  Egypt,  and  1,000  for  Dongola  and  the 
Bedouins  of  the  mountains.  Few  of  the  slaves  are 
above  the  age  of  15.  The  most  valued  are  those 
between  11  and  15. 

J\"ublada,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  S.  W.  of  Cape 
Corrientes,  on  the  coast  of  Mexico.  Lon.  122°  30' 
W.  Lat.  16°  40^  N. 

JVuckergaut,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur,  on  the  Gan- 
ges.    Lon.  78°  5'  E.  Lat.  30°  3'  N. 

JVnddea,  an  <»xtensivc.  district  of  Bengra! .  between 


22°  and  24°  N.  lat.  Pop.  764,000.  about  a  third 
of  whom  are  Mahometans. 

JVuddea,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  and 
for  a  considerable  period  the  capital  of  Bengal,  is 
on  an  island  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hoogly 
and  Jelinghy  rivers,  60  m.  above  Calcutta.  In 
modern  times  it  has  been  the  seat  of  a  Brahmin 
seminary  of  learning.  Lon.  88°  24'  E.  Lat.  23* 
25' N. 

J^ueil  sous  Passavant,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  on  the  Layon,  18  m.  S.  W.  Saumur.  Pop. 
2,000. 

MiestraSenorade  V  Assumption.  See  Assump- 
tion. 

Jfiievitas  del  Principe,  Punta  de  las,  cape,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lon.  76°  35'  W.  Lat.  21° 
44' N. 

J^ughz,  district,  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Nughz, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  69°  28'  E.  lat.  33°  17'  N. 

J^ug7nat,  Russian  settlement  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America.     Lon.  1 1 1°  40'  E.  Lat.  64°  30'  N. 

JVaw,  or  JViiits,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  12  m. 
S.  Dfjon.     Pop.  2,500. 

JVulacoonda,  t.  Hind,  in  Golcondah,  35  m.  S.  E. 
Hyderabad. 

jYuldingah,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  89°  T  E.  Lat.  23* 
25' N. 

Nulez,  t.  Spain,  25  m.  N.  N.  E.  Valencia.  Pop. 
3,400. 

Mdhegan,  r.  Vt.  which  flows  into  Connecticut 
river,  between  Miuehead  and  Brunswick. 

JVumansdorp,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
14  m.  S.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,G00. 

JVun,  J^oon,  or  Wedinoon,  country,  Africa,  on 
the  Atlantic,  forming  the  most  southern  part 
of  the  empire  of  Morocco.  The  inhabitants  car- 
ry on  a  considerable  trade,  particularly  with 
Tombuctoo  and  the  interior  of  Africa.  The  whole 
coast,  from  Agadeer  to  Cape  Bojador,  does  not  af- 
ford a  single  harbor. 

Kun,  r.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Atlanticj 
about  lon.  1 1°  30'  W.  lat.  28"  N. 

Kunda,  p-t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  N.  An- 
gelica. Pop.  499.  Here  are  two  falls  in  Gene- 
see river,  a  mile  apart,  1  of  60  feet,  and  1  of  90. 

JVundabar,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  74°  15' 
E.  Lat.  21°  17'  N. 

Kundaporam,  t.  Hind,  in  Circai-s.  Lon.  82°  40' 
E.  Lat.  18"  23' N. 

jYimdungur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  86°  32'  E. 
Lat.  26"  12'  N. 

JVundydroog,  a  celebrated  fortress,  Hind,  in  My- 
sore, on  the  summit  of  a  rock,  about  1,700  feet 
high.     Lon.  77°  53'  E.  Lat.  13°  22'  N. 

Nuneaton,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  8  m.  N.  E.  Cov- 
entry, 100  N.  by  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  29'  W.  Lat. 
52°3rN.     Pop.  4,947. 

JVunez,  Rio,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  rises  on  the 
frontier  of  the  Foulah  kingdom  of  Foota  Jallo, 
and  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  10°  20'  N. 

Nunia,  V.  Irak  Arabi,  on  the  Tigris,  opposite 
Mosul,  on  the  site  of  Nineveh,  once  the  largest 
city  in  the  known  world.  The  ruins  consist  of  a 
rampart  and  fosse,  forming  an  oblong  square,  not 
exceeding  4  miles  in  compass.  The  wall  is  on  an 
average  20  feet  high ;  and  there  is  no  appearance 
of  stones  or  rubbish  of  any  kind. 

Nimjengode,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76°  50' 
E.  Lat.  12°  1'  N. 

Kuno  Tristao,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  9°  40'  N. 

Nura,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Po,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Piacenza. 


O  A  H 


OAK 


531 


JWwallapoor,  t.  Bengal,  on  tlie  N.  bank  of  the 
Ganges,  24  m.  S.  W.  Dacca. 

Miremberg,  t.  in  the  VV.  of  Germany,  in  Fran- 
conia,  formerly  a  celebrated  free  city  of  the  em- 
pire, at  present  subject  to  Bavaria.  It  stands  in 
a  wide,  sandy,  but  well  culti^-ated  plain,  on  the 
Pegnitz.  The  town,  though  no  longer  fortified, 
is  surrounded  by  an  old  wall  and  ditch,  with  round 
lowers  at  intervals.  Of  the  public  edifices,  the 
chief  is  the  castle  or  fort  called  Reichsfeste,  the 
occasional  residence  of  emperors  in  the  middle 
ages.  Its  manufactures  consist  of  musical  and 
mathematical  instruments,  copper-plates,  pins, 
needles,  spectacles,  and  toys  of  all  kinds,  whether 
of  hardware  or  wood.  The  printing  and  book- 
selling business  is  carried  on  here  to  a  considera- 
ble extent.  58  m.  E.  S.  E.  Wurzburg,  100  N.  by 
W.  Munich.  Lon.  1 1"  4'  E.  Lat.  49"  24'  N.  Pop. 
27,000. 

JVuria,  mt.  among  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  frontier 
between  Spain  and  France,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Cam- 
predon,  in  Catalonia. 

J^urpoor,  district,  Hind,  in  Lahore,  belonging 
to  the  seiks.  Nurpoor,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  75" 
2'  E.  lat.  32°  12'  N. 

J^urrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  82°  45' 
E.  Lat.  21°  2' N. 

J^urlingen,  t  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  14 
m.  S.  E.  Stutgard.  Lon.  9°  20'  E.  Lat.  48"  37'  36" 
N.    Pop.  3,400. 

J^usco,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Ultra.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  46  m.  W.  by  N.  Naples.  Pop. 
3,600. 

J^fushar,  v.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  55  m. 
S.  W.  Diarbekir. 

JVuslau,  or  JVosislau,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 14  m.  S.  Brunn.     Pop.  1,000. 

Nussaouh,  L  Birman  empire,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon.  95°  20'  E.  Lat.  17" 
62' N. 

J^ussdorf,  t.  Hungary,  23  m.  N.  N.  E.  Presburg. 

fiussdorf,  V.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  4  m.  N. 
Vienna.     Pop.  2,000. 

J^usserabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar,  belonging  to  the 
Mahrattas.     Lon.  75"  51'  E.  Lat.  20°  56'  N. 

JVmseritabad,  called  also  Sackur,  t.  Hind,  in  Be- 
japore,  belonging  to  the  Nizam.  Lon.  76°  20'  E. 
Lat.  17°  20'  N. 

JS'^usserpoor,  district,  Hind,  in  Sinde.  Nusser- 
poor,  the  capital,  is  near  the  river  Indus.  Lon. 
69°  10' E.  Lat.  25°  28' N. 

Missloch,  t.  Baden,  6  m.  S.  Heidelberg.  Pop. 
1,350. 

J^uthe,  r.  Prussia,  which  falls  into  the  Havel, 
near  Potsdam. 

NuttaVs  store,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  N.  C. 

Nuys.     See  Nuis  and  JVeuss, 

J^uyis  Point,  a  rocky  headland  on  the  S.  coast 


I 


of  New  Holland.    Lon.  1 16°  66'  E.  Lat.  35°  12'  S. 

JVuyts  Reefs,  reefs  of  rocks,  off  the  S.  coast  of 
New  Holland,  at  Cape  Nuyts.  Cape  Nuyts  is  in 
lon.  132"  18' E.  lat,  32°  2' S. 

JVy  Carleby.     See  Carleby,  J^ew. 

Kyeborg,  t.  Denmark,  on  the  Funeu,  on  the 
Great  Belt,  opposite  Zealand.  Here  ships,  pass- 
ing through  the  Belt,  pay  toll.  Pop.  2,000.  16  m. 
W.  Corsoer.     Lon.  10"  48'  E.  Lat.  55°  22'  N. 

J^yehaske,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  18  m. 
S.  by  E.  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  900. 

Nyekiobing,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Fal- 
ster,  on  the  Guldborgsund.  It  is  tolerably  well 
built,  has  an  hospital,  and  4  schools.  Pop.  1,100. 
62  m.  S.  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  11°  31' E.  Lat. 
34°46'N. 

JS'yekiobing,  t.  Denmark,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Zea- 
land, in  the  gulf  of  Isefiord.  Lon.  11°  41' £.  Lat. 
55°55'N. 

JVyested,  t.  Denmark,in  the  island  of  Laland,  26 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Naskow.  Lon.  11°  45'  E.  Lat.  54° 
58' N. 

•^yffe,  country  of  Central  Africa,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Niger,  forming  part  of  the  region  of 
Houssa. 

Jfyir  Bathor,  t.  Hungary,  30  m.  N.  E.  Debrcc- 
zin.    Lon.  21°  23'  30"  E.  Lat.  47°  49'  20"  N. 

J^ifiregyhaza,  t.  Hungary,  29  m.  N.  Debreczin, 
123  E.  N.  E.  Pest.  Lon.  21°  40'  30"  E.  Lat.  47^ 
56'45"N.     Pop.  8,100. 

Jfykoping,  government  of  Sweden,  comprising 
the  W.  and  most  considerable  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Sudermania.     Pop.  90,000. 

JVykopijig,  t.  Sweden,  cap.  of  the  government 
of  the  same  name,  and  of  Sudermania,  is  on  a 
bay  of  the  Baltic.  It  is  well  built,  with  broad 
and  straight  streets.  49  m.  S.  W.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  16°  53'  E.  Lat.  48°  55'  N.     Pop.  2,400. 

J^ylacky,  one  of  the  Banda  islands,  in  the  East- 
ern seas.     Lon.  130°  33'  E.  Lat.  4°  11'  S. 

Nyland,  province,  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland, 
bounded  by  the  gulf  of  Finland,  Carelia,  Tavast- 
land,  and  Finland  proper.  Area,  4,880  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  115,000. 

Nympha,  Cape,  Turkey,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Monte 
Santo.     Lon.  24°  24'  E.  Lat.  40°  3'  N. 

JVyon,  t.  Switz.  in  Vaud,  on  the  N.  W.  side  of 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  11  m.  N.  Geneva.  Lon.  6°  6' 
E.  Lat.  46°  24'  N.    Pop.  1,800. 

NysM,  t.  Russia,  in  Finland.  It  has  a  very 
strong  castle  on  a  rock,  in  the  middle  of  a  deep 
stream.  50  ra.  N.  W.  Wyborg,  140  N.  W.  Peters- 
burg.    Lon.  28°  30'  E.  Lat.  6 1°  48'  N. 

Kystad,  s-p.  Russia,  in  Finland,  38  m.  N.  W, 
Abo.     Pop.  1,900. 

J^yulas,  or  Gais,  t.  Hungary,  19  m.  S.  W.  Pre'- 
burg.     Lon.  16°  45'  17"  E.  Lat.  47°  57'  10"  N. 


O 


O,  or  St.  Martin  d'O,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  9 
tn.  S.  Argentan,  18  N.  Alencon.     Pop.  1,000. 

Oacco,  district,  S.  Africa,  in  Benguela,  on  the 
Coanza. 

Oahoo,    See  Woahco, 


Oaka,  or  Odkamundal,  district,  Hind,  in  Gnjf^- 
rat,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Cutch.  Oaka. 
the  capital  has  been  long  celebrated  as  the  resi- 
dence of  a  gang  of  pirates,  who  have  recently  re^ 
ceived  a  severe  chastisemeat  by  the  East  Ihctia 


532 


O  B  E 


0  C  C 


company's  marine,  and  who  have  a^eed  in  future 
to  respect  the  British  flag.  Lon.  69°  36' E.  Lat. 
22°  14'  N. 

Oak  Cove,  cove,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  the  gulf  of  New  Georgia. 

Oakfmkee.     See  Tallapoosa. 

Oak  Grove,  p-v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

Oak  Hall,  p-v,  Greenville  district,  S.  C. 

Oakham,  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Rutland  co.  95  m. 
N.  by  W.  Loudon.  Lon.  0°  42'  W.  Lat.  52°  41'  N. 
Pop.  1,541. 

Oakham,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  19  ra.  N.  W. 
Worcester,  55  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  848. 

Oakhamps ton  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  tlie  S.  E. 
coast  of  Caithness,  1 1  m.  S.  Wick.  Lon.  3°  8'  W. 
Lat.  58°  16'  N. 

Oakhampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Dartmoor  Forest.  It  sends  two  members 
to  Parliament.  24  m.  W.  Exeter,  195  W.  Lon- 
don.   Lon.  3°  59'  W.    Lat.  50°  44'  N,    Pop.  1,440. 

Oak-hill,  p-v.  Green  co.  N.  Y. 

Oak-hill,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

Oak-hill,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Oak-hill,  p-v.  Laurens  co.  Va. 

Oakingham,  or  Wokingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Berk- 
shire, 32  m.  W.  London.     Pop.  419. 

Oak  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Oakland,  co.  Michigan  Territory,  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  river  Huron  of  St.  Clair.  Chief  town, 
Pontiac.  Since  the  year  1818,  when  the  U.  S. 
government  offered  these  lands  for  sale,  settle- 
ments have  progressed  very  rapidly. 

Oakmulgee,  r.  Georgia,  which  joins  the  Oconee 
to  form  the  Alatamaha. 

Oak  orchard,  p-v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Oak,  p-v.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

Oalaldah,  or  Oualaldi,  t.  W.  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  the  Foulahs,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Sen- 
egal, 60  m.  E.  Podor. 

Oanda,  v.  W.  Africa,  on  the  Senegal,  70  m.  S. 
E.  Goumel. 

Oaxaca,  or  Guaxaca,  an  intendency  of  Mexico, 
and  one  of  the  most  delightful  countries  in  this 
part  of  the  globe,  is  bounded  N.  by  Vera  Cruz,  E. 
by  Guatimala,  W.  by  Puebla,  and  S.  by  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Extent,  34,064  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1803, 
534,800.  It  abounds  with  wheat,  cattle,  sugar, 
cotton,  honey,  cocoa,  plantains,  and  other  fruits. 

Oaxaca,  cap.  of  the  above  intendency,  lies  230 
m.  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  delightful  val- 
ley of  Guaxaca.  The  air  is  clear  and  healthy, 
and  the  climate  a  perpetual  spring.  It  is,  how- 
ever, exposed  to  earthquakes.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
The  churches  and  monasteries  are  numerous,  sol- 
idly built,  and  richly  decorated.     Pop.  24,000. 

06a,  t.  Aderbijan,  in  Persia,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Caspian,  at  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Kur.  1 50 
m.  N.  E.  Tabreez. 

Oba7i,  V.  Scotland,  in  Argyllshire,  on  a  fine  bay 
in  the  sound  of  Mull,  33i  m.  from  Inverary.  Lon. 
6°  32'  W.    Lat.  56°  24'  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Obannon,  creekj  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Little  Miami,  in  Clermont  county. 

Obedach,  t.  Austrian  states,  10  m.  S.  by  E.  Ju- 
denburg.     Pop.  800. 

Obed's  River,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the 
Cumberland,  290  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Ober,  or  Obra,  r.  Prussian  states,  which  runs 
into  the  Oder,  4  m.  S.  Zullichan. 

Oberachern,  v.  Baden,  1  m.  S.  Achem.  Pop.  900. 

Ober-Amstadi,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse- DarmstaJt, 
near  Lichtenberg.     Pop.  1,40a 


Oherdorf,  t.  Bavaria,  48  m.  S.  W.  Munich,  14 
E.  N.  E.  Kempten.     Pop.  1,500. 

Oberhausen,  v.  Baden,  2  m.  N.  N.  E.  Philips- 
burg.     Pop.  1,300. 

Oherkirch,  t  Baden,  16  m.  E.  Strasburg.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Oberland,  district,  Switz.  forming  the  S.  E.  part 
of  the  canton  of  Bern. 

Obemarg,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  lake 
of  Constance,  near  Buchau. 

Obernay.     See  Ehenheim. 

Obernburg,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Maine,  9 
m.  S.  Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  1,400. 

Oberndorf,  t.  Hanover,  15  m.  N.  W.  Stade.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Oberndorf,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  9  m. 
N.  by  W.  Rothweil.     Pop.  1,200. 

Obernizk,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  the  Wartha,  17 
m.  N.  by  W.  Posen.     Pop.  800. 

Obernkirchen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  electorate  of 
Hesse,  5  m.  E.  Rinteln.     Pop.  1,100. 

Oberrode,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  10 
m.  N.  E.  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1,000. 

Obertsdorf,  t.  Bavarian  states,  at  the  junction  of 
three  streams  which  form  the  lUer,  21  m.  S.  of 
Kempten,  76  S.  W.  Munich.     Pop.  1,800. 

Obi,  a  great  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  which  trav- 
erses the  whole  of  the  government  of  Tobolsk,  It 
rises  on  the  S.  Side  of  the  Altai  mountains.  After 
receiving  the  waters  of  the  Irtysch,  it  becomes 
very  broad,  sometimes  extending  several  miles 
across.  It  also  divides  into  branches,  which  again 
re-unite,  forming  numerous  isles.  It  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Oby  in  lat.  66"  55'  N.  after  an  entire 
course  of  upwards  of  2,000  miles. 

Obion,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 24  m.  S.  of  Reelfoot's  river. 

Obidos,  t.  Portugal,  near  the  coast,  44  m.  N. 
Lisbon.     Pop.  3,000. 

Oblong,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

Obojau,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  34  m.  S.  Kursk. 
Lon.  35°  54' E.    Lat.  51°  10' N.     Pop.  4,400. 

Obollah,  t.  near  the  mouth  of  the  Tigris,  for- 
merly the  seat  of  a  great  trade,  which  is  now  trans- 
ferred to  Bassora. 

Obra,  r.  Prussian  Poland,  which  falls  into  the 
Wartha  at  Schwerin. 

Obrigheim,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Neckar,  18  m.  E. 
by  S.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Obrsyrko,  or  Obersisko,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on 
the  Wartha,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Posen.     Pop.  1,700. 

Obscaia,  gulf  of  the  Frozen  ocean,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Asiatic  Russia,  forming  the  receptacle  of 
the  river  Obi.  Lat,  66°  40'  to  72°  15'  N.  Lon. 
72°  to  76°  E. 

Observatory  Inlet,  inlet  on  the  N.W.  coast  oi 
America.     Lon.  230°  6' E.    Lat.  54°  58' N. 

Observatory  Island,  or  Padtvoua,  small  isl.  near 
the  N.  coast  of  New  Caledonia.  Lon.  165°  41'  E. 
Lat.  20°  18'  S. 

Oby,  or  Ouby,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  50 
miles  long,  from  E.  to  W.  and  from  12  to  20  broad. 
The  Dutch  have  a  small  fort  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
island.     Lon.  124°  66'  E.    Lat.  1°36'  S. 

Oca,  r.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  which  falls  into 
the  Ebro  above  Frias. 

Ocana,  t.  Spain,  8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Aranjuez,  30  S.  S. 
E.  Madrid.     Pop.  5,000. 

Oeana,  or  Santa  Anna,  t.  New  Granada,  220 
ra.  S.  Santa  Martha,  225  N.  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota 
Lon.  73°  26'  W.    Lat.  7°  50'  N. 

Ocanhazary.     See  Hasaree  Bang. 

Oecschappy^  r.  Alabama.     See  Bear  cre(h 


ODE 


ODE 


533 


Oecoquan,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Potomac  at 
High  Point,  16  m.  below  Alexandria.  It  is  navi- 
gable 4  miles,  to  Colchester. 

Occoquan,  p-v.  Prince  William  co.  Va. 

Ochil  Hills,  a  range  of  lofty  mountains  in  Scot- 
land, which  begins  in  Perthshire,  and  stretches 
E.  into  the  county  of  Fife. 

Ocho  Rios,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Jamaica.  Lon. 
76°  56'  W.    Lat.  18"  26'  N. 

Ochotzk.    See  Okfiotzk. 

Ochrida,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  situated  on 
the  declivity  of  Mount  Maniana  Petriu,  on  the 
lake  of  Ochrida,  from  which  issues  the  river  Dri- 
BO.     100  m.  N.  Joannina.     Pop.  about  6,000. 

Ochsenfurth,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Maine, 
10  m.  S.  E.  VVurzburg.     Pop.  2,000. 

Ochsenfiausen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  14  m.  S.  Ulm. 
Fop.  1,300. 

Ochta,  t  Russia,  near  St.  Petersburg,  and  con- 
sidered as  one  of  its  suburbs.  Here  is  a  manufac- 
ture of  gunpowder  and  cannon. 

Ochteville,  v.  France,  in  La  Manche,  8  m.  E.  N. 
E  Valognes.     Pop.  1,100. 

Ocke,  r.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  which  runs  into  the 
Thames  at  Abingdon. 

Ocker,  r.  Germany  in  Saxony,  which  rises  in  the 
Harz  mountains,  and  falls  into  AUer,  3  m.  W.  Gitf- 
horn. 

Oclaneer,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  10'  E. 
Lat.  2r  37'  N. 

Oclonia,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Negropont.  Lon.  24"  16'  E.  Lat.  38" 28'  N. 

Ocona,  port,  Peru,  96  m.  W.  N.  W.  Arequipa. 
Lat.  16°  S. 

Oconee,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  State,  and  running  S.  S.  E.  160  miles,  joins  the 
'Oakmulgee  to  form  Alatamaha  river. 

Ocopa,  t.  Peru,  in  Xauxa,  116  m.  E.  Lima.  Lon. 
75°  2'  W.    Lat.  12°  2' S. 

Ocosingo,  t.  Guatimala,  40  m.  E.  Chiapa  dos 
Espagnols. 

Ocracoke  Inlet,  navigable  channel  on  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  between  Albemarle  and  Pamlico  sound, 
which  lies  in  lat  34°  55'  N.  7  leagues  S.  W.  i  W. 
Cape  Hatteras.  On  each  side  of  the  channel  are 
dangerous  shoals.  The  bar  has  14  feet  at  low 
water. 

Octararo  Creek,  r.  which  divides  Lancaster  and 
Chester  counties,  Pa,  and  runs  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  in  Maryland. 

Octararo,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Ocumara,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Venezuela,  5 
leagues  E.  Porto  Cabello,  and  28  m.  S  S.  E.  of  Ca- 
raccas.  Its  port  is  good  and  well  sheltered,  and  is 
defended  by  a  battery. 

Oczakov,  t.  in  the  S.  W.  of  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cher- 
son,  on  the  Dnieper,  near  its  mouth,  remarkable 
only  for  the  importance  attached  to  it  in  the  wars 
between  Russia  and  Turkey.  Since  the  building 
of  Odessa,  its  trade  and  population  have  very 
much  dwindled.  54  m.  W^.  by  S.  Cherson.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Odd,  large  peninsula  in  the  N.  W.  of  the  island 
of  Zealand,  in  Denmark. 

Oddera.     See  Christ iansand. 

Oddrode,  v.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  158  m.  from  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  1,003. 

Odemira,  r.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  which  falls 
into  the  Atlantic  at  Villa  Nova  de  Milfontes.  It  is 
navigable  to  Odemira,  about  20  miles  from  its 
mouUi. 

Odenheim,  t.  Baden,  14  m.  S.  Heidelberg.  Pop. 
1,500. 


Odenkirchm,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  13  m.  W.  S.  W.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  4,000. 

Odensee,  t.  Denmark,  cap.  of  the  island  of  Fu- 
nen.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  bishop,  and  ha? 
manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  soap.  86 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Copenhagen,  68  N.  N.  E.  Sleswick. 
Lon.  10°  25'  E.    Lat.  55°  23'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Oder,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  Moravia,  about 
18  m.  N.E.  Olmutz,  enters  Silesia,  flows  through 
that  province,  Brandanburg,  and  Pomerania, 
forms  the  large  maritime  lake  called  the  Haff,  and 
runs  into  the  Baltic  by  three  mouths.  It  becomes 
navigable  for  small  boats  so  high  as  Ratibor ;  and 
barges  of  40  and  50  tons  come  up  to  Breslau.  It 
receives  several  navigable  rivers,  and  communi- 
cates by  canals  with  the  Elbe  and  the  Vistula. 

Oderberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
the  Oder,  38  m.  N.  E.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,600. 

Oderberg,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Oder,  16  m. 
N.  W.  Teschen.     Pop.  900. 

Oderheim,  or  Gau  Oderkeim,  i.  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Darmstadt,  15  m.  S.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,000. 

Odernheim,  or  Glan  Odernheim,  i.  Bavarian 
states,  25  m.  S.  W.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,200. 

Oderzo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  25  m.  N.  N.  E.  Venice. 
Pop.  3,400. 

Odessa,  a  flourishing  seaport,  Eu.  Russia,  in 
Cherson,  on  a  small  bay  of  the  Black  sea,  between 
the  mouths  of  the  Dniester  and  the  Dnieper.  This 
place,  which  is  now  of  considerable  size,  and  ad- 
vancing very  rapidly,  is  entirely  of  modern  erec- 
tion. The  Russians  had  looked  anxiously  for  a 
commercial  emporium  on  the  Black  sea,  ever  since 
the  time  of  Peter  I.  In  1792,  Catherine  II.  fixed 
on  this  place,  then  consisting  of  only  a  few  houses. 
It  has  a  fine  bay,  with  sufficient  depth  of  water  al- 
most to  the  very  edge  for  the  largest  vessels  of  war. 
Its  bottom  is  of  fine  sand  or  gravel,  and  it  is  hardly 
ever  frozen.  The  emperor  Alexander  followed 
up  the  views  of  Catherine,  and  appointed  as  gov- 
ernor the  duke  of  Richelieu,  at  that  time  a  French 
emigrant  nobleman,  afterwards  (in  1816)  prime 
minister  of  France.  Under  his  superintendance 
it  prospered ;  and  a  number  of  public  establish- 
ments were  set  on  foot  under  the  patronage  of  the 
government.  The  population  in  1804,  had  risen 
to  15,000 ;  and  in  1820,  approached  to  36,000. 

It  is  surrounded  by  extensive  plains,  which, 
when  cultivated,  will  be  very  productive.  It  is 
fortified  in  the  modern  style,  and  has  on  the  E.  side 
a  citadel  which  commands  the  port.  The  port  is 
artificial,  and  adapted  for  the  reception  of  about 
300  vessels.  It  is  formed  by  two  lai^e  moles,  one 
of  which  is  in  the  form  of  a  quadrant  of  a  circle, 
and  has  regular  parapets  and  embrazures  for  can- 
non ;  the  interior  is  divided  by  smaller  moles  and 
.  quays.  A  light-house  has  been  erected  on  a  pro- 
jecting point  on  the  S.  side  of  the  bay.  The  road- 
stead is  very  extensive,  and  tlie  anchorage  safe  in 
summer,  being  sheltered  from  every  wind  but  the 
S.  E.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  the  streets  bein» 
wide,  straight,  and  crossing  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles. The  chief  disadvantages  of  the  place  are  the 
scarcity  of  wood  and  water,  and,  at  particular 
seasons,  a  degree  of  uuhealthiness  in  the  climate. 
The  transit  of  goods  from  the  interior  is  free  of 
any  government  charge ;  and  since  the  erection  of 
a  circular  wall,  and  other  precautions  for  prevent- 
ing smuggling  into  the  interior,  Odessa  has  bee* 
declared  a  free  port.  The  great  article  of  export 
is  corn  from  the  Ukraine  and  neighbouring  prov- 
inces. It  is  brought  down  chiefly  in  carts  and  wag- 
gons drawn  by  oxen,  wliich  travel  in  companief. 


O  E  D 


O  G  I) 


and  stop  at  intervals,  to  let  the  oxen  feed  in  the 
steppesy  or  vast  natural  pastures,  by  the  way,  so 
that  the  expense  of  carriage  is  trifling.  In  sum- 
mer, the  season  when  this  conveyance  chieiiy 
takes  place,  several  hundred  waggons  arrive  in 
the  town  in  a  single  day.  The  other  articles  are 
tallow,  hides,  and  flax ;  also  timber ;  but  hitherto 
the  export  of  these  has  been  small.  The  chief 
imports  are  sugar  and  other  colonial  produce. 
The  number  of  vessels  that  arrive  in  a  year  is 
about  800,  of  which  the  half  are  Russian,  and 
nearly  one-third  British.  Brewing  and  distilling 
are  carried  on  on  a  large  scale ;  and  there  are 
some  manufactures  of  woollens,  silk,  gunpowder, 
and  soap.  The  great  disadvantage  hitherto  has 
been  the  want  of  mechanics  for  the  town,  and  of 
farmers  for  the  surrounding  district.  The  gov- 
ernment has  spared  no  expense  to  procure  both ; 
and  those  who  fix  on  the  country  round  Odessa, 
are  allowed  a  house,  a  pair  of  oxen,  a  plough,  a 
little  money,  and  an  exemption  from  all  taxes  and 
military  services  during  25  years.  98  m.  E.  Cher- 
son.     Lon.  30"  38' E.    Lat.  46"  30' N. 

Odessus.     See  Varna. 

Odeypoor,  Hindoo  principality  in  the  S.  E.  of 
Ajmeer,  between  24°  and  26"  N.  lat.  Odeypoor, 
the  capital,  is  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Banass  river. 
The  Ranah,  or  chief,  has  recently  entered  into 
alliance  with  the  British,  and  been  enabled  to 
throw  off  the  Mahratta  yoke.  Lon.  74"  5'  E.  Lat. 
25"  58'  N. 

Odeypore,  t  Bengal,  formerly  the  capital  of 
Tipperah.  It  stands  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Goomty, 
25  m.  E.  Comillah. 

Odeypore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh,  belonging  to 
the  Nagpore  Mahrattas.  Lon.  83"  40'  E.  Lat.  22° 
37  N. 

Odeypore,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  belonging  to  the 
Mahrattas.     Lon.  78"  20' E.    Lat.  23°  58' N. 

Odeypore,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  77°  40'  E. 
Lat.  23°  52'  N. 

Odiel,  r.  Spain,  in  Seville,  which  falls  into  the 
sea,  E.  of  the  Guadiana. 

Odiham,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  41  m.  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  0^  55'  W.    Lat.  51°  15'  N.     Pop.  1,104. 

Odir,  small  isl.  in  the  eastern  seas,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Aroo.     Lon.  134"  58'  E.    Lat.  5°  23'  S. 

Odness,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Stronsa.     Lon.  2°  26'  W .    Lat.  58°  59'  N. 

0(fon,r.France,which  falls  into  the  Orne  at  Caen. 

Odrau,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Oder,  36  m.  \V. 
by  S.  Teschen.     Pop.  2,200. 

Oe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  N.  of  Laaland.  Lon. 
ir31'E.    Lat.  54°  58' N. 

Oebisfeld,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  AUer,  37 
m,  N.  N.  W.  Magdeburg,  22  N.  E.  Brunswick. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Oedelevi,  t.  Netherlands,  in  W.  Flanders,  6  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Bruges.     Pop.  3,000. 

Oedelfingen,  or  Ocielfingen,  v.  Wirtemberg,  3 
m.  N.  W.  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1,300. 

Oedenburg,  or  Soprony-JVarmegye,  a  palatinate 
in  the  west  of  Hungary.  Area,  1,3G0  square 
miles.  Pop.  165,000.  Oedenburg,  ^r  Soprony, 
the  capital,  has  one  Lutheran  and  two  Catholic 
churches,  and  12,500  inhabitants,  partly  of  Hun- 
garian, partly  of  German  descent.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  woollen,  glass  and  potash,  and  a 
sugar  refinery.     37  m.  S.  S.  E.  of  Vienna. 

Oedenheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  near  Heilbronn. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Oederan,  or  Oedern,  t.  Saxonv,  27  m.  W.  ?.  W. 
Dresden.    Pop.  2,000. 


Oehrhobn,  v.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
9  m.  from  Copenhagen. 

Oehringen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  38  m.  N.  N.  E.  Stut- 
gai'd.  Pop.  3,400.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  prince 
of  Hohenlohe-fS  euenstcin. 

Oeland,  a  long  and  narrow  island  in  the  Baltic, 
on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Sweden,  and  separated  from 
the  town  of  Cahnar  by  a  narrow  strait  called  Cal- 
mar  Sound.  Area,  300  sq.  miles.  Pop.  22,000. — 
Oeland  is  also  the  name  of  an  island  of  Denmark, 
in  the  gulf  of  Lymfiord,  about  5  miles  long,  and 
from  1  to  2i  broad.     Lon.  9"  36'  E.    Lat.  57"  4'  N. 

Oels,  a  principality  of  Silesia,  which  now  forms 
part  of  the  government  of  Breslau.  Area,  740  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  85,000.  It  belongs  to  the  duke  of 
Brunswick,  who  derives  from  it  an  income  of 
15,000/.  a  year.  Oels,  the  capital,  is  16  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Breslau.     Pop.  3,800. 

Oelse,  Langen,  or  Long  Oelse,  v.  Prussian  states, 
5  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lauban.     Pop.  2,600. 

Oelsen,  Elsen,  or  Olesnice,  t.  Austrian  states,  in 
Moravia,  25  m.  N.  by  W.  Brunn.     Pop.  1,400. 

Oelsnitz,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elster,  76  m.  S.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  2,800. 

(Enitsm.     See  Sapienza. 

Oesbyc,  v.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  6  m.  E.  Ha- 
dersleben.     Pop.  1,300. 

Oesel,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  gulf 
of  Riga,  belonging  to  Russia.  Area,  1,144  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  including  the  small  adjoining  islands 
of  Moen  and  Runoe,  35,000.  The  principal  town 
is  Arensberg. 

Oeslhammer,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic,  29  m.  N. 
N.E.  Upsal.     Pop.  800. 

Oestrick,  t.  Germany,  in  the  dutchy  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1,600. 

Oesiringen,  t.  Baden,  14  m.  E.  Spire.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Oeteghem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  25 
m.  E.  Ypres.     Pop.  2,100. 

Oetigheim,  v.  Baden,  2  m.  N.  Rastadt.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Oetisheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  near  Maulbronn. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Oetting,  New,  t.  Bavaria,  50  m.  E.  by  N.  Mu- 
nich.    Pop.  1,500. 

Oettingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Wemitz,  69  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Munich.  Lon.  10"  36'  E.  Lat.  48"  57' 
N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Oex,  Chateau  d'  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Vaud,  6  m. 
W.  by  S.  Gessenay.     Pop.  2,300. 

Oeyras,  t.  Portugal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus, 
8  m.  E.  Lisbon. 

Ofanto,  the  modern  name  of  the  Aufidus,  r.  Ita- 
ly, which,  after  flowing  through  Apulia,  falls  into 
the  Adriatic,  several  miles  below  the  plain  of 
Cannae. 

Offenbach,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt. 
It  is  the  principal  manufacturing  town  in  the 
grand  duchy.  It  stands  on  the  Maine,  4  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Frankfort.     Pop.  8,000. 

Offenbach,  v.  Bavarian  states,  4  m.  N.  E.  Lau- 
teraeh,  33  W.  N.  W.  Worms.     Pop.  1,200. 

Offenburg,  t.  Baden,  11  m.  S.  E.  Strasburg. 
Pop.  2,900. 

Offranville,  t,  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  3  m.  S. 
Dieppe.     Pop.  1,500. 

Offutls,  p-v.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Ogden,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Ogdensburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N. 
Y.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Oswegatchie  with  the 
St.  Lawrence.    It  has  a  safe  and  spacious  har- 


O  H  I 

bour.  116  m.  N.  Utica,  212  N.  W.  Albany.  Here 
are  numerous  manufactures,  and  the  situation  is 
very  advantageous  for  trade. 

Ogeechee,  r.  which  rises  in  Green  co.  Geo.  passes 
by  Lexington,  Louisville,  and  Georgetown,  and 
flows  into  Ossabaw  sound,  at  Hardwick,  20  m.  S. 
Savannah. 

Ogetshomen,  r.  Sweden,  wliich  runs  into  the 
Angermann  near  Liden. 

Ogento.     See  Ugento. 

Oginski  Canal,  canal  in  Russian  Lithuania, 
which  joins  the  Schara  and  Jasolda,  both  head 
branches  of  the  Niemen  and  Dnieper.  It  thus 
forms  a  part  of  a  circuitous  water  communication 
between  the  Baltic  and  the  Euxine. 

Oglethorpe,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Georgia,  be- 
tween Oconee  and  Broad  rivers.  Pop.  12,297,  in- 
cluding 5,435  slaves.     Chief  town,  Lexington. 

Oglio,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  has  its  source  in 
the  Alps,  flows  through  the  lake  of  Iseo,  and  joins  the 
Po  near  Borgoforte,  about  8  miles  from  Mantua. 

Ogmore,  small  r.  Eng.  which  falls  into  the  Severn 
a  few  miles  W.  of  Cowbridge. 

Ognale.     See  Onate. 

Ogogno,  Cape,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Bis- 
cay.    Lon.  2°  40'  W.  Lat.  43°  26'  N. 

Ogulin,  t.  Austrian  states,  32  m.  E.  Fiume. 

Ogurrnpoora,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  85°  35' 
E.  Lat.  21"  23' N. 

Ohain,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  a 
short  distance  E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  1,600. 

Oheteroa,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  150° 
47'  W.  Lat.  22'  27'  S. 

Ohevahoa,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  which  has 
a  circuit  of  15  or  16  leagues.  Lon.  139°  2'  W.  Lat. 
9°  42'  S. 

Ohio,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Fa.  Pop.  832. 

Ohio,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,128. 

Ohio,  CO.  Va,  bounded  W.  by  Ohio  river,  N.  by 
Brooke  co.  E.  by  Green  and  Harrison  counties, 
and  S.  by  Wood  co.  Pop.  8,175.  Slaves,  440. 
Chief  town,  Wheeling. 

Ohio,  CO.  Kentucky,  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  3,792, 
including  533  slaves.     Chief  town,  Hartford. 

Ohio,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Michigan 
Territory  and  Lake  Erie ;  E.  by  Pennsylvania ; 
S.  E.  by  Virginia  ;  S.  by  Kentucky  ;  and  W.  by 
Indiana.  It  extends  from  38°  30'  to  42°  N.  lat. 
and  from  80°  32'  to  84°  50'  W.  lon.  Extent,  40,000 
square  miles,  or  25,600,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1791, 
3,000;  in  1800,  42,156;  in  1810,  230,760;  in 
1820,  581,434. 

The  interior  parts  of  the  State,  and  the  country 
bordering  on  Lake  Erie,  are  generally  level,  and 
in  some  places  marshy.  About  one  third,  or  one 
quarter  of  the  State,  comprehending  the  eastern 
and  southeastern  part,  bordering  on  the  Ohio  riv- 
er, is  generally  hilly  and  broken,  but  not  moun- 
tainous. Immediately  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio 
and  several  of  its  tributaries,  are  numerous  tracts 
3f  interval  land,  of  most  exuberant  fertility.  On 
both  sides  of  the  Scioto,  and  of  the  Great  and  Lit- 
tle Miami,  are  perhaps  the  most  extensive  bodies  of 
rich  and  level  land.  In  many  places  are  exten- 
iive  prairies,  particularly  on  the  head  waters  of 
xhe  Muskingum  and  Scioto,  and  between  the  Sci- 
oto and  the  sources  of  the  two  Miami  rivers. 
Some  of  these  prairies  are  low  and  marshy,  and 
yield  spontaneously  a  large  quantity  of  coarse 
i^rass  from  two  to  five  feet  in  height ;  others  are 
elevated,  and  are  frequently  called  barrens,  not 
lowever  on  account  of  their  sterility,  for  they  are 
jfien  fertile.    The  height  of  land  which  divides 


O  H  I 


535 


the  waters  of  Ohio  river  from  those  of  Lake  Erie 
is  the  most  marshy  of  any  in  the  State,  while  the 
driest  land  lies  along  the  margins  of  the  rivers. 

Wheat  IS  the  principal  production.  From  70 
to  100  bushels  of  corn  are  said  to  be  frequently 
produced  on  an  acre.  Other  kinds  of  grain,  and 
various  sorts  of  fruits  are  also  cultivated.  Coal 
is  found  in  abundance  along  the  Ohio  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  State.  Salt  springs  have  been  dis- 
covered and  wrought  on  the  Muskingum,  a  few 
miles  below  Zanesville,  and  in  various  other  pla- 
ces. The  value  of  the  manufactures  of  Ohio  in 
1810,  was  $2,894,290. 

The  climate  of  Ohio  has  been  commonly  consid- 
ered warmer  in  the  same  parallels  than  that  of  the 
Atlantic  States.  The  difference  was  considered 
by  Mr.  Jefferson,  as  equal  to  what  would  result 
from  three  degrees  of  latitude.  Observations,  how- 
ever, which  have  been  made  at  Cincinnati,  for  a 
series  of  years,  seem  to  prove  that  there  is  no 
foundation  for  this  opinion ;  or  at  least,  if  there  be 
a  difference,  it  cannot  equal  one  third  of  what  has 
been  mentioned.  The  opinion  that  the  climate  on 
the  Ohio  is  more  liable  to  sudden  and  extreme 
changes,  and  more  moist  than  that  of  the  eastern 
States,  is  equally  erroneous.  The  diseases  to 
which  immigrants  are  most  liable,  are  bilious  and 
typhus  fevers.  This  is  especially  the  case  with 
the  natives  of  New-England  and  New- York,  who 
in  coming  here  undergo  a  change  of  climate  great- 
er than  they  seem  generally  to  anticipate.  They 
should,  therefore,  endeavor  to  arrive  in  the  coun- 
try late  in  the  autumn ;  and  before  the  ensuing 
summer  place  themselves  in  the  most  healthy  sit- 
uations which  can  be  found.  If  they  are  careful 
in  this  respect,  and  in  the  heat  of  summer  shun 
the  evening  air,  and  the  noon-day  sun,  and  avoid 
what  is  denominated  a  bilious  habit,  very  few  will 
suffer  an  attack ;  but  without  such  attention,  a 
seasoning,  as  it  is  termed,  will  probably  be  expci 
rienced  the  first  summer  after  an  arrival  from  the 
North.  In  the  second,  whether  the  first  be  sickly 
or  not,  there  is  but  little  danger. 

The  population  of  Ohio  is  made  up  of  emigrants 
from  every  State  in  the  Union,  and  almost  from 
every  country  in  Europe.  They  have  not  resided 
together  long  enough  to  form  a  fixed  and  unifornj. 
character.  The  mass  of  the  emigrants  have  been 
farmers  from  the  northern  and  middle  States,  who 
are  in  general  industrious,  temperate  and  frugal, 
possessing  much  intelligence  and  enterprise.  Ths 
population  will  probably  continue  to  increase  rap- 
idly for  some  time  to  come  ;  though  not  with  the 
same  rapidity  as  heretofore.  The  recent  extinc- 
tion of  the  Indian  title  to  the  northwestern  quar- 
ter of  the  State,  called  the  Indian  Reservation, 
will  have  an  immediate  effect  on  the  progress  of 
population  in  that  quarter. 

In  1817,  the  number  of  ministers  of  the  several 
religious  denominations  was  stated  as  follows : — 
Presbyterians,  48  ;  Methodists,  34 ;  Baptists,  13 ; 
New-Lights  of  the  Christian  church,  9  ;  Seceders, 
6;  Episcopalians,  3 ;  Congregationalists,  3;  meet- 
ings of  Friends  in  this  State  and  Indiana,  59. 
There  is  a  university  at  Athens,  called  the  Ohio 
University,  and  another  at  Oxford,  called  the  Mi- 
ami University.  One  section,  or  thirty-sixth  part 
of  every  township  has  been  granted  by  the  govern- 
ment of  the  U.  States  for  the  support  of  schools, 
besides  three  townships  for  the  support  of  the  Uni- 
versities. There  are  many  incorporated  acade- 
mies in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and  a  college 
at  Cincinnati.  »^ 


s^ 


O  H  I 


It  has  been  proposed  to  connect  Lake  Erie  with 
Ohio  river  by  means  of  a  canal  between  the  Cuy- 
ahoga, which  empties  into  Lake  Erie,  and  the 
Tuscarawa,  one  of  the  upper  streams  of  the  Mus- 
kingum. Between  these  rivers  there  is  now  only 
a  short  portage,  and  so  certain  is  it  that  the  two 
waters  may  be  connected  by  a  canal,  that  in  the 
law  of  Congress,  appropriating  a  portion  of  the 
public  lands  to  the  improvement  of  inland  naviga- 
tion, 100,000  acres  were  assigned  for  defraying  the 
expense  of  carrying  into  effect  this  project.  Of  all 
the  canals  proposed  for  connecting  the  waters  of 
the  lakes  with  those  of  the  Mississippi,  this  proba- 
bly will  be  first  opened,  and  will  be  a  great  benefit 
to  the  country  through  which  it  passes.  It  is  sup- 
posed that  Lake  Erie  may  be  connected  with  the 
Ohio  by  canals,  uniting  the  branches  of  the  Mau- 
mee,  with  a  branch  of  the  Great  Miami. — :Three 
per  cent,  of  the  nett  proceeds  of  the  U.  S.  lands 
within  the  limits  of  Ohio,  have  been  given  by  Con- 
gress to  the  Legislature  for  the  purpose  of  opening 
and  improving  its  roads.  The  produce  of  this 
fund  has  hitherto  been  divided  among  so  many 
roads  that  very  little  of  the  good  which  was  antici- 
pated, has  been  derived  from  it. 

The  legislature  is  composed  of  a  senate  and 
house  of  representatives.  The  number  of  repre- 
sentatives must  not  exceed  72,  nor  be  less  than  36. 

The  number  of  senators  must  never  be  less  than 
one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number 
of  representatives.  The  representatives  are  cho- 
sen annually,  and  the  senators  biennially,  one  half 
of  the  senators  being  chosen  each  year.  The  gov- 
ernor is  chosen  biennially,  and  is  eligible  only  6 
years  in  any  term  of  8  years.  The  judges  of  the 
supreme  court,  the  presidents,  and  the  associate 
judges  of  the  courts  of  common  pleas  are  appoint- 
ed by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  general 
assembly,  and  hold  their  olfices  for  the  term  of  7 
years. 

Ohio,  T.  U.  States,  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela  rivers  at  Pitts- 
burg, in  the  western  part  of  Pennsylvania.  It  flows 
in  a  southwesterly  direction  for  945  miles,  separa- 
ting Ohio  and  Indiana  from  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky, and  falls  into  the  Mississippi  193  miles  be- 
low the  Missouri,  in  N.  lat.  37",  and  W.  Ion.  89°. 
The  distance  from  Pittsburg  in  a  direct  line  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio  is  only  614  miles.  It  varies  in 
breadth  from  400  to  1,400  yards.  At  Cincinnati, 
it  is  about  800  yards,  which  may  be  regarded  as 
the  mean  breadth.  Its  current  is  very  gentle, 
and  no  where  broken  by  any  considerable  falls, 
excepting  at  Louisville.  The  water  there  de- 
scends 22i  feet  in  2  miles,  producing  a  very  rapid 
current ;  yet  boats  have  notwithstanding  frequent- 
ly ascended.  A  canal  around  these  rapids  has 
been  in  contemplation  for  a  long  time. 

The  diflerence  between  high  and  low  water  on 
the  Ohio  is  usually  about  50  feet,  and  sometimes 
60  feet.  When  lowest,  it  may  be  forded  in  seve- 
ral places  above  Louisville.  The  greatest  depres- 
sion is  generally  in  August,  September,  and  Octo- 
ber ;  the  greatest  rise  in  December,  March,  May 
and  June.  Near  Pittsburg,  it  is  frozen  over  al- 
most every  winter  for  several  weeks.  Generally 
the  navigation  is  suspended  by  floating  ice  during 
8  or  10  weeks  of  the  winter.  Steam-boats  are 
found  by  actual  experiment  to  be  well  adapted  for 
the  navigation  of  the  river. 

Ohio,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  12  m. 
below  Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  285. 

Ohio,  t.  Clermont  cp.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,803. 


OKA 

Ohio,  t.  Knox  co.  Indiana.    Pop.  877. 

Ohiopyle  Falls,  falls  of  the  river  Youghiogeny, 
in  Pennsylvania,  about  30  m.  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Monongahela.  The  river  is  here  80  yards 
wide,  and  the  descent  is  about  20  feet  perpendici^- 
lar. 

Ohitlahoo,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  9  miles 
long,  and  21  in  circumference.  Lon.  139°  8'  W. 
Lat.  9°  55'  S. 

Ohlau,  t.  Prussian  states,  14  m.  S.  E.  Breslau. 
Fop.  2,800. 

Ohlau,  r.  Prussian  states,  which  falls  into  the 
Oder  near  Breslau. 

Ohlm,  Upper,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
6  m.  S.  W.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ohoopee,  r.  Georgia,  which  falls  into  the  Alata- 
maha,  about  35  m.  below  the  forks  of  the  latter. 

Ohrdruff,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Gotha,  on  the  Ohr,  10  m.  S.  Gotha.     Pop.  4,200. 

Ohmbau,  t  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Altmuhl,  6 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Anspach.     Pop.  2,700. 

Ohtakari  Islands,  small  islands  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  23^  26'  E.  Lat.  64" 
6'  N. 

Oi,  r.  Asiatic  Russsia,  which  falls  into  the  Yen- 
isei, in  lon.  91°  34'  E.  Lat.  55°  16'  N. 

Oia,  r.  A.  .Russia,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Obskaiain  lon.  72°  24'  E.  Lat.  68°  N. 

Oich,  r.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire,  which  runs 
from  Loch  Oich  into  Loch  Ness. 

Oickel,  r.  Scotland,  which  falls  into  the  head  of 
the  frith  of  Dornoch. 

Oies,  Madame  aux,  small  isl.  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, Lower  Canada,  at  the  entrance  into  Lake 
St.  Peter. 

Oignon,  small  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the 
Saone,  near  Pontarlier. 

Oil  Creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Allegha- 
ny, 6  m.  E.  Franklin.  On  the  top  of  the  spring 
from  which  it  issues,  floats  an  oil,  of  which  many 
gallons  may  be  collected  in  a  day.  The  oil  has 
valuable  medicinal  properties. 

Oil  creek,  p-t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  340. 

Oil  Spring,  p-v.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 

Oinare,  r.  Venezuela,  which  runs  into  the  Car- 
ribean  sea,  in  lat.  10°  5'  N. 

Oirsbeck,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  12  m.  N 
E.  Maestricht.     Pop.  800. 

Oirschot,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  14 
m.  S.  Bois-le-Duc,  22  E.  S.  E.  Breda.  Pop. 4,900. 
-  Oisconsin.     See  Ouisconsin. 

Oise,  department,  in  the  N.  of  France,  on  the 
river  Oise.  Extent,  2,400  sq.  miles.  Pop.  nearly 
390,000.     Beauvais  is  the  capital, 

Oise,  r.  N.  E.  of  France,  which  rises  near  the 
Belgic  frontier,  flows  in  a  S.  W,  direction,  and 
falls  into  the  Seine  at  Conflans  St.  Honorine.  It 
communicates  with  the  Somme  by  means  of  a  ca- 
nal, and  gives  name  to  two  departments,  the  Oise, 
and  the  Seine-and-Oise. 

Oisemont,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  21  m.  W, 
Amiens.     Pop.  1,100. 

Oitos,  a  narrow  and  difficult  pass  of  the  Carpa- 
thian mountains,  between  Moldavia  and  the  dis- 
trict of  Ilaromszck,  in  Transylvania,  through 
which  flows  a  river  called  also  Oitos. 

Ojeren,  lake,  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  10  m.  E. 
Christiania.     It  is  24  miles  long,  but  only  2  wide. 

Ojibar,  t.  Quito,  in  Guayaquil,  23  leagues  from 
Quito. 

Oka,  a  navigable  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  joins  the 
Wolga,  at  Niznei-Novgorod. 

Oka,  small  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  th«; 


OLD 


O  L  I> 


537 


Angara,  near  Bratskoi,  in  lou.  lOl"'  40'  E.  lat.  56" 
3'N. 

Okefonoco,  or  Eokefanoke,  or  Ouaquaphe7iogair, 
or  Ekanfanoka,  or  Okerfonoke,  or  Okefaunocav^  or 
Ecunfinocau,  or  Oke-Jin-o-cuu,  a  swamp,  180  miles 
in  circumference,  lying  partly  in  Georgia,  and 
partly  in  Florida.  St.  Mary's  river  rises  in  this 
swamp,  in  lat.  30"  34' 48"  jN.;  and  another  river, 
called  the  Suwaney,  issues  from  it  on  the  S.  W. 

Oke-lock-onne,  r.  which  rises  in  the  southern 
part  of  Georgia,  and  running  S.  falls  into  Appa- 
lachy  bay,  in  lat.  30"  10'  N.  Ion.  84"  25'  ^V. 

Okerali,  t.  Bengal,  in  Burdwan.  Lon.  87"  15' 
E.  Lat.  23"  28'  N. 

Okfiotzk,  one  of  the  four  circles  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Irkoutsk,  in  Asiatic  Russia.  It  extends 
along  the  seas  of  Okhotzk,  Kamtschatka,  and  An- 
adir. The  town  of  Okhotzk  is  on  a  long  and  narrow 
ridge,  inclosed  between  the  sea  and  the  river  Ok- 
hota,  and  contains  only  about  130  houses.  It  is 
supported  by  being  the  channel  of  trade  between 
Irkoutsk  and  Kamtschatka.  Lon.  142"  44'  E.  Lat. 
59"  20'  N. 

Okhotzk,  Sea  of,  a  large  gulf  of  the  Eastern 
ocean,  inclosed  between  Kamtschatka,  the  circle 
of  Okhotzk,  pEirt  of  Chinese  Tartary,  and  Sag- 
halien. 

Oki,  isl.  Japan,  about  60  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Niphon. 

Olaia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia.  It  has  an 
extensive  salt  mine,  capable  of  producing  about 
20,000  tons  of  salt  yearly.    100  m.  S.  S.  W.  Jassy. 

Okopi,  V.  Austrian  Poland,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Podgorze  and  the  Dniester. 

Oksa,  t.  Poland,  46  m.  N.  by  E.  Cracow. 

Okuneio,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Je- 
nisei,  220  m.  N.  Tourouchansk. 

Okuneusk,  t.  A.  Russia,  220  m.  S.  W.  Tobolsk. 

Olargues,  t.  France,  in  Jlerault,  17  m.  X.  W. 
Beziers.     Pop.  1,000. 

Olbersdorf,  t.  Austrian  States,  7  m.  N.  W.  Ja- 
gerndorf.     Pop.  1,700. 

Otbruck,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  9  m.  N.  W.  Andernach. 

Olschamkaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  177  m.  S.E.  Oren- 
burg. 

Old  bridge,  p-v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 

Olde,  t.  Prussian  States,  23  m.  E.  S.  E.  Munster. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Oldeboorn,  r.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  12  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1,100. 

Oldebroek,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  10  m. 
S.W.  ZwoUe.     Pop.  1,400. 

Oldenburg,  a  grand  duchy  in  the  N.  W.  of  Ger- 
many, consisting  of  several  scattered  portions  of 
territory.  The  principal  part  is  Oldenburg  prop- 
er, a  tract  of  country  bounded  N.  by  the  German 
ocean;  E.  W.  and  even  S.  by  the  kingdom  of 
Hanover.  The  grand  duke  possesses  also  the 
principality  of  Eutin,  formerly  the  bishopric  of 
Lubeck,  situated  in  Ilolstein,  and  the  lordship  of 
Birkenfeld,  ceded  to  him  by  Prussia,  out  of  the 
territory  on  the  Rhine.  The  extent  and  popula- 
tion of  his  states  are  as  follows : — Grand  duchy  of 
Oldenburg  proper,  including  the  county  of  Del- 
menhorst,  and  the  lordships  of  V'arel,  J  ever,  and 
Kniphausen,  2,250  sq.  miles,  with  178,000  inhab- 
itants ;  principality  of  Eutin  or  Lubeck,  200  sq. 
miles,  with  20,000  inhabitants ;  lordship  of  Bir- 
kenfeld, 170  sq.  miles,  with  20,000  inhabitants; 
total  2,620  sq.  miles,  and  218,000  inhabitants. 
The  revenue  is  computed  at  150,000/.  sterling. 
The  grand  duchv  proper  consist"  almost  entirely 

68 


of  level  ground,  and  in  some  places  on  the  coast, 
is  so  low,  that  it  requires  large  dikes,  as  in  Hol- 
land, to  prevent  inundations.  The  prevailing 
religion  is  the  Lutheran ;  but  there  are  also  Cal- 
vinists  and  Catholics.  The  grand  duke  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Germanic  body.  In  the  administratioa 
of  his  territories,  he  is  as  yet  (1^20)  uncontroled, 
having  delayed  to  convoke  a  representative  assem- 
bly, though  bound  to  do  so  by  the  articles  of  the 
Germanic  confederation  in  1815.  In  1810,  he  was 
expelled  from  all  his  possessions,  by  Bonaparte ; 
but  after  the  battle  of  Leipsicin  1813,  he  return- 
ed, and  at  the  congress  of  V'ienna  received  the 
title  of  grand  duke. 

Oldenburg,  t.  Germany,  cap.  of  the  grand  d  uchy 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Hunte,  82  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Hanover,  76  W.  S.  W.  Hamburgh.  It  is  fortified, 
and  has  two  suburbs,  and  a  mansion  occupied  by 
the  grand  duke.  Lon.  8"  11' E.  Lat.  53°  8' N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Oldenburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  18  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Paderborn. 

Olden/mrg,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  duchy  of  Hol- 
stein,  32  m.  N.  by  E.  Lubeck.     Pop.  1,100. 

Oldcndorf,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Weser,  23  m.  S. 
W.  Hanover.     Pop.  1,300. 

Oldendorf,  v.  Hanover,  on  the  Ilm,  21  m.  N.  by 
W.  Gottingen.     Pop.  900. 

Oldendorf,  t.  Germanv,  in  Brunswick,  15  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Pyrmont.     Pop.  1, 600. 

Oldensuorlk,  t.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  4  m.  N. 
Tonningen.     Pop.  1,200. 

Oldenzaal,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Over3'S3el,  30  ra. 
N.  E.  Zutphen.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Oldersam,  or  Oldersheim,  t.  Hanover,  on  the 
Ems,  6  m.  E.  by  S.  Embdeu. 

Oldesloe,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Trave, 
15  m.  W^jLubec,  23  N.  E.  Hamburgh.  Pop.  1,700. 
Here  arjgjealt- works  on  a  very  large  scale. 

OldJ^m,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Medlock,  near  its  source.  It  has  increased 
very  rapidly  within  the  last  50  years,  and  an  im- 
mense number  of  manufactories  have  been  estab- 
lished in  it,  the  above  streams  being  favourable  to 
their  erection,  and  coal  being  abundant  in  the 
neiglibourhooil.  The  manufactures  consist  chiefly 
of  fustians  and  hats,  and  cotton  spinning.  Pop. 
16,930.  7i  m.  N.  E.  Manchester,  183  N,  W. 
London.     Lon.  2"  7'  VV.  Lat.  53"  33'  N. 

Oldhamnllc,  t.  Knox  co.  Ken.  on  Wood  creek,  a 
branch  of  Rock-castle  river. 

Old  Head  of  Kinsale,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  6  m.  S.  Kinsale.  Lon.  8°  30" 
W.  Lat.  51"  37'  N. 

Oldisleben,  t.  Germanv,  in  Saxe- Weimar,  25  m. 
N.Weimar.     Fop.  800.' 

Oldland,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  5  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Bristol.     Pop.  3,641. 

Old  Man^s  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 80  m.  E.  Cape  Ray. 

Old  Man's  creek,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into  Dela- 
ware river,  4  m.  below  Penn's  creek.  It  sepa- 
rates Salem  and  Gloucester  counties. 

Old  Road  Town,  t.  St.  Christopher,  5  m.  W. 
Basse  Terre.     Lon.  62"  48'  W.  Lat.  17"  25'  N. 

Old  Salt  House,  p-v.  Lincoln  co.  Ten. 

Old  Sheshequin,  p-v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

Old  Town,  or  Indian  Old  Town,  isl.  and  t.  of 
about  200  acres,  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  in  Penob- 
scot river,  just  above  31arsh  island.  Here  are 
about  300  Indians,  with  a  church  and  a  priest. 

Old  Town,     See  Edgarlown. 
Old  Town.     See  i-kiplov,  Md. 


538 


O  L 


O  L  P 


Old  Town,  p-t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  fr.  ChilH- 
cothe. 

Old  Town  Creek,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the 
W.  side  of  Cape  J'ear  river,  near  its  mouth. 

Olean,  (pronounced  O-le  ann,)  p-t.  Cataraugus 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  Alleghany,  260  m.  by  water  N.  E. 
Pittsburg,  130  S.  W.  Cayuga  bridge.  In  this 
town  is  the  village  of  Hamilton,  which  see. 

Olean,  or  Oil  Creek,  r.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 
•which  runs  into  the  Alleghany,  at  Hamilton. 

Oleggio,  or  Oleszo,  t.  Sardinian  states,  23  m.  W. 
by  N.  Milan. 

Olekma,  r.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  which  runs 
N.  nearly  600  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Lena. 

Olehninsk,  fort  and  t.  A.  Russia,  about  9  m.  fr. 
the  mouth  of  the  Olekma,  692  N.  E.  Irkoutsk. 

Olenei-J^os,  cape,  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  White 
sea,  70  m.  N.  Archangel. 

Olenek,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Frozen 
ocean,  in  Ion.  119°  E.  lat.  73°  N. 

Oltout,  r.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah. 

Oleron,  isl.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  France,  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  the  Charente,  20  miles  long. 
Extent,  nearly  100  sq.  miles.  It  is  tolerably  fer- 
tile, producing  considerable  quantities  of  corn 
and  wine.  Its  most  northerly  point  is  in  Ion.  1" 
irW.lat.  45°46'N. 

Oleron,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  14  m.  S. 
W.  Pau,  45  S.  E.  Bayonne.  Pop.  5,500.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  stuffs,  stockings,  and  caps; 
also  extensive  dye-works. 

Oletle,  or  Auletle,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyre- 
nees, 7  m.  S.  W.  Prades,  15  N.  Campredon.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Oley,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,284. 

Olgiate,  t.  Austrian  Italy,   17  m.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Olgopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Podolia,  148  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Kamminiec. 

Olgiin.     See  Dulcigno. 

Oliapore,  t.  Bengal,  iii  Baharbund.  Lon.  89° 
42'  E.  Lat.  25°  22'  N. 

Olibato,  or  Libatta,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  runs 
Into  the  Atlantic,  36  m.  E.  Cape  Lopez  Gonsalvo. 

Oliergue,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  26  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1,800. 

OlifanCs  River,  r.  S.  Africa,  runs  through  the 
E.  part  of  the  territoiy  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  and  falls  into  the  Gauritz. 

Olifanfs  River,  r.  S.  Africa,  which  falls  into 
the  Atlantic,  200  m.  N.  Cape  Town. 

Olikan,  small  isl.  A.  Russia,  in  the  Peuzinskoi 
sea.    Lou.  156°  36'  E.  Lat.  60°  26'  N. 

Olinda.     See  Pernambuco. 

Olita,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  on  the  Niemen,  37 
m.  S.  W.  Troki. 

Olite,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  formerly  the  resi- 
dence of  the  kings  of  Navarre,  23  m.  S.  Pampelu- 
na,  20  S.  W.  Sanguessa.     Pop.  1,200. 

Olii-a,  v.  West  Prussia,  4  m.  W.  Dantzic,  re- 
markable for  a  treaty  of  peace  concluded  here  in 
1660,  between  the  Swedes  and  Poles. 

Oliva,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  36  m.  S.  Valencia. 
Lon.  4"  7'  E.  Lat.  39°  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Olii-ares,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  18  m.  E.  Val- 
ladolid,  90  N.  Madrid. 

Olive's  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  133°  53'  E.  Lat.  32°  46'  S. 

Olivenza,  or  Olivenca,  fortified  t.  on  the  W. 
frontier  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  river 
Olivenza,  which  falls  into  the  Guadiana,  9  m.  N. 
E.  of  the  town.    It  belonged  to  Portugal,  until  it 


was  ceded  to  Spain,  at  the  treaty  of  Badajoz,  in 
1801.  The  congress  of  Vienna,  in  1815,  recom- 
mended its  restoration,  but  hitherto  (1820)  with- 
out effect.  Pop.  4,500.  15  m.  S.  E.  Elvas,  42  S- 
Evora. 

Olirerian,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  iuto  Connecti- 
cut river,  at  Haverhill. 

Olivet,  or  St.  Martin  d'  Olivet,  t.  France,  in  Loi- 
ret,  3  m.  S.  Orleans.     Pop.  3,100. 

Oliveto,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  45  m.  N.  E 
Policastro.     Pop.  6,000. 

Olivetoicn,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

Olkujsz,  t.  Poland,  16  m.  N.  W.  Cracow. 

Olleria,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  5  m.  S.  San  Fe- 
lippe.     Pop.  4,000. 

Olleros,  Point,  cape  and  harbor  on  the  coast  oi 
Peru.     Lat.  14"  36'  S. 

Ollerton,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire,  19  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Nottingham.     Pop.  462. 

Olliero,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  falls  into  the 
Brenta,  a  few  miles  above  Bassano. 

Ollioules,  t.  France,  in  Var,  4  m.  W.  Toulon. 
Pop.  2,600. 

Olmedo,  t.  Spain,  in  Valladolid,  20  m.  S.  Valla- 
dolid.     Pop.  2,000. 

Olmeto,  t.  Corsica,  9  m.  S.  W.  Bastia.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Olmutt,  a  circle  in  the  Austrian  province  of  Mo- 
ravia.    Area  2,020  sq.  miles.     Pop.  347,300. 

Olmulz,  or  Holomauts,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Mo- 
ravia, cap.  of  the  above  circle.  It  stands  on  the 
March,  by  which  it  is  almost  surrounded  :  it  is 
strongly  fortified,  and  well  built.  The  university 
was  removed  to  Brunn  in  1778,  and  its  place  sup- 
plied by  a  lyceum.  It  has  several  manufactories, 
particularly  tanneries.  Pop.  11,000.  130  m.  E. 
by  S.  Prague,  100  N.  N.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  17°  9 
E.  Lat.  49°  33'  N. 

OlneT/,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckingham  co.  Lace-making 
is  the  cliief  employment  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
residence  of  Cowper,  the  poet,  was  about  a  mile 
from  this  town ;  and  many  of  his  finest  descrip- 
tions are  drawn  from  the  contiguous  scenery.  12 
m.  S.  E.  Northampton,  56  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
0"  41'  W.  Lat.  52"  9'  N.     Pop.  2,268. 

Olona,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Po. 
W.  of  Placentia. 

Olonei,  isl.  Eu.  Russia,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Nova 
Zembla.     Lon.  58°  29'  E.  Lat.  70°  30'  N. 

Olonrtz,  a  very  extensive  goverement  in  the  N. 
of  Eu.  Russia,  lying  S.  of  that  of  Archangel,  and 
E.  of  Finland,  between  29°  40'  and  40"  20'  E.  lon. 
and  59"  40'  and  65"  38'  N.  lat.  Area,  87,500  square 
miles.  Pop.  282,000.  Timber,  with  the  product 
of  the  mines  and  quarries,  viz.  iron,  marble,  and 
vitriol,  form  the  chief  exports. 

Olonets,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  84  m.  N.  E.  St.  Peters- 
burg, on  the  Olonza,  near  the  great  lake  Ladoga. 
Lon.  32"  58'  E.  Lat.  60°  23'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Olonne,  t.  France,  in  I^a  Vendee,  on  the  sea 
coast,  with  a  harbour.  5  m.  N.  E.  Sables  d'Ol- 
onne.  Lon.  1"  47'  50"  W.  Lat.  46°  29'  52"  N.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Olonzac,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  65  m.  S.  Mont- 
pel  ier.     Pop.  900. 

Olot,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  20  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Gerona.  It  has  a  variety  of  manufactures,  viz. 
silk,  woollen,  and  cotton  stockings ;  rateens,  ser- 
ges, and  coarse  woollen  stuffs;  cottons,  cotton 
j'arn,  leather  and  soap.     Po;  -  16,tHK). 

Olpnr,  small  district  and  t.  Hind,  ia  Gujerat,  be- 
longing to  the  British.  The  town  is  in  lon.  73°  1' 
E.  lat.  21"  18'  N. 


O  M  O 


ONE 


539 


0/pe,  t.  Prussian  States,  15  m.  N.  by  W,  Siegen. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Olphen,  t.  Prussian  States,  17  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mun- 
ster.     Pop.  1,000. 

OUen,  t.  Switz.  on  the  Aar,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  So- 
leure.     Pop.  1,300. 

Olvenstadt,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Magdeburg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Olviopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  on  the  Bog, 
124  m.  N.  W.  Cherson.     Pop.  2,700. 

Olyka,  t.  Russian  Poland,  in  Volhynia,  20  m.  E. 
Lucko.     Pop.  3,600. 

Olympia,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  on  the  Al- 
pheus.. 

Olympian  Springs,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Ken. 

Olympus,  a  celebrated  mountain,  Eu.  Turkey, 
in  Thessaly,  separated  from  Ossa,  by  the  famous 
Vale  of  Tempe,  and  about  20  m.  N.  Larissa.  Its 
elevation  is  about  6,000  feet. 

Olympus,  Mount,  a  remarkable  mountain  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America,  in  Ne%v  Albion.  Lat. 
AT  10'  N. 

Om,  r.  Tobolsk,  in  A.  Russia,  which,  after  a  W. 
course  of  about  500  miles,  falls  into  the  Irtysch. 

Omagh,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tyrone,  14  m.  S.  Strabane, 
22  N.  E.  Enniskillen. 

Omagua,  t.  Quito,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Ama- 
zons.    Lat.  4"  9'  17"  S. 

Oman.     See  Ommon. 

Omara,  r.  Bi-azil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
in  lat.  5°  S. 

Omasuyos,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  and  N. 
VV.  by  Asangaro,  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Larecaja,  S.  by 
the  city  of  La  Paz,  and  W.  by  Lake  Titicaca. 
Fop.  45,000. 

Ombo,  or  Koum  Ombo,  v.  Upper  Egypt,  distin- 
guished by  the  remains  of  two  temples.  Lon.  32" 
5'E.  Lat.  24"^  27 'N. 

Ombay,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between  8°  and 
9°  S.  lat.  It  is  45  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  about 
13  broad.     20  m.  W.  Timor. 

Ombrone,  r.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  which  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  near  Grossetto. 

Omeerseer,  t.  Hind,  in  Cutch.  Loo,  not  ascer- 
tained.   Lat.  23'  43'  N. 

Omercwn/Mcfrjdistrict  and  t.Hind.  in  Gundwaneh. 
Thejtown  is  one  of  the  celebrated  places  of  Hindoo 
pilgrimage,  being  near  the  sources  of  the  three 
great  rivers,  the  Soane,  Nerbuddah,  and  Mahan- 
uddy,     Lon.  82°  15'  E.  Lat.  22°  53'  N. 

Omerpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  77°  10'  E. 
Lat.  20°  23'  N. 

Ommaney,  Cafe,  the  S.  extremity  of  King 
George  the  Third's  Archipelago.  Lon.  225°  37^' 
E.  LaL  56°  10*N. 

Ommen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  14  m.  E. 
ZwoUe.     Pop.  800. 

Ommoti,  an  extensive  division  of  Arabia,  com- 
prising the  coast  that  extends  from  its  eastern  ex- 
tremity to  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  gulf.  Situ- 
ated, as  it  were,  in  the  meeting  point  between  In- 
dia, Arabia,  and  Persia,  Ommon  has  been  always 
a  species  of  depot  for  the  commodities  of  these  re- 
spective countries.  The  natives  are  the  best  navi- 
gators of  Arabia.  Rostak  is  the  residence  of 
the  Imam  ;  but  Maskat  is  the  place  through  which 
the  country  is  chiefly  known  to  Europeans. 

Omo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Amboyna.      Lon.  128"  51'  E.  Lat.  3°  31'  S. 

Omoa,  or  St.  Francisco  de  Omoa,  s-p.  and  fort, 
Mexico,  in  Honduras.  The  fort  was  taken  in 
1779  by  the  British,  but  was  soon  afterwards  reta- 


ken  by  the  Spaniards.  It  is  considered  the  key  of 
Honduras.     Lon.  89°  53'  VV.  Lat.  15°  50'  N. 

Omolone,  r.  Irkoutsk,  in  A.  Russia,  which  falls 
into  the  Kolyma,  after  a  course  of  about  250  miles. 

Omonphon,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  coast  of  Samar.     Lon.    125°  45'  E.  Lat.  1 1° 

r  N. 

Omonville,  Fort,  small  fort,  France,  8  ra.  W.  N. 
W.  Cherburg.     Lon.  1°  44'  W.  Lat.  49°  43'  N. 

Ompomponoosuc,  r.  Vt.  which,  after  a  course  of 
40  or  50  miles,  runs  into  Connecticut  river  at  Nor- 
wich. 

Omrahpoora.     See  Ummerapocra. 

Omrattce,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar,  belonging  to  the  Ni- 
zam.    Lon.  78"  20'  E.  Lat.  20"  59'  N . 

Omree,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar,  belonging  to  the  Ni- 
zam.    Lon.  77"  64'  E.  Lat.  21°  7'  N. 

Omsk,  t.  A.  Russia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Om 
with  the  Irtysch.  A  regular  and  strong  fortress 
has  been  erected,  intended  as  a  barrier  against 
the  Kirghises.  Lon.  74°  54' E.  Lat.  55"  4'  N.  Pop. 
800. 

Omudwara,  district,  Hind,  in  Malwah,  between 
24"  and  25°  N.  lat.     It  belongs  to  the  Mahrattas. 

On,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  beautiful  valley  of  Syria,  in 
the  pachalic  of  Damascus,  still  celebrated  for  its 
pleasantness  ;  also  a  city  of  Egypt.  See  Mala- 
ria. 

Onate,  i.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  23  m.  N.  E.  Vit- 
toria.     Pop.  2,100. 

Onatela,  or  St.  Pedro,  one  of  the  Marquis  of 
Mendoza's  islands,  5  leagues  E.  Ohittahoo,  and  as 
much  to  the  S.  of  Ohevahoa.  It  is  about  3  leagues 
in  circuit.     Lon.  138°  56'  E.  Lat.  9°  55'  S. 

Onda,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  17  m.  E.  by  N.  Se- 
gorbe.      Pop.  4,500. 

Oneefiow,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  40  m.  in  cii-cumference.  Lon.  199° 
45°  E.  Lat.  21°  50'  N.    Pop.  10,000. 

Onega,  a  lake  of  Eu.  Russia,  in  the  government 
of  Olonetz,  E.  of  the  still  larger  lake  of  Ladoga.  It 
is  130  miles  long.  Like  Ladoga,  it  contains  seve- 
ral islands.  The  Svir,  a  navigable  stream,  joins 
these  two  lakes. 

Onega,  r.Eu.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  White 
sea,  in  a  gulf  to  which  it  gives  name. 

Onega,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  White  sea,  at  the 
mouth'of  the  river  Onega.  80  m.  S.  S.  W.  Arch- 
angel.    Lon.  37"  53'  E.  Lat.  63"  53'  N. 

Oneglia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian  states,  cap.  of 
the  Piedmontese  province  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  a  small  harbour  ;  also  a  traftic  in  wine,  fruit, 
and  olive  oil.  36  m.  E.  N.  E.  Nice,  55  S.  W.  Ge- 
noa.    Lon.  8°  4'  E.  Lat.  43°  55'  N. 

Oneglia,  Cape,  Italy,  in  Genoa.  Lon.  7"  54' E. 
Lat.  43°  53'  N. 

Oneida,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lewis  co.  E. 
by  Herkimer  co.  S.  by  Madison  co.  and  W.  by  Os- 
wego CO.  Pop.  33,828.  Chief  towns,  Utica  and 
Rome. 

Oneida  castle,  p-v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

Oneida,  Lake,  chiefly  in  Oneida  county  N.  Y.  20 
miles  long  and  4  broad.  It  receives  Wood  creek 
at  the  east  end,  and  communicates  with  Lake  On- 
tario by  Oswego  river. 

Oneida  creek,  v.  N.  Y.  which  runs  N.  into  Onei- 
da lake.  It  is  25  miles  long,  and  affords  good  mill 
seats. 

Onemack,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  56°  N. 

Onery,  one  of  the  smaller  Friendly  islands,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Tongataboo,  5  m.  N.  E.  Observatory 
point. 


549 


O  N  T 


O  O  T 


Onei/f  r.  Eng.  in  Herefordshire,  which  runs  into 
the  Lug,  at  Leominster. 

Ongar.    See  Chipping  Ongar. 

Ongole,  district,  Hind.  iutheCarnatic,  between 
15°  and  16"  N.  lat.  belonging  since  1781  to  the  Brit- 
ish. Ongole,  the  capital,  is  in  Ion.  80°  1'  E.  lat. 
15°31'N. 

Ongologur,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  85"  20'  E. 
Lat.  20°  36'  N. 

Onil,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  8  m.  E.  Villena. 
Pop.  2^400. 

Onion,  r.  Vt.  which  passes  by  Montpelier,  and 
runs  into  Lake  Champlain,  4  m.  N.  W.  Burling- 
ton. It  is  one  of  the  finest  rivers  of  Vermont.  It 
is  navigable  3  miles  for  small  vessels,  and  for  boats 
40  miles  to  the  falls,  where  it  is  15  or  20  rods  wide. 
Between  Colchester  and  Burlington  it  has  worn 
through  a  solid  rock  of  limestone,  forming  a  chasm 
70  or  80  feet  deep  ;  and  at  Bolton  there  is  another 
chasm  at  least  1 20  feet  deep. 

O7ion,  r.  A.  Russia,  on  the  frontier  of  Cliinese 
Tartary.  It  rises  in  a  mountainous  country,  and 
flows  N.  E.  till,  combined  with  the  Ingoda,  it  forms 
the  Chilka,  which  discharges  itself  into  the  Amour. 

Onondaga,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  .N.  by  Oswego  co. 
E.  by  Madison  co.  S.  by  Cortlandt  co.  and  W.  by 
Cayuga  co.     Pop.  26,072.  Chief  town,  Onondaga. 

Onondaga,  Tp-t.  and  cap.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  149 
m.  W.Albany.  Pop.  3,745.  It  has  2  villages,  Onon- 
daga hollow,  where  there  are  a  printing-office, 
an  academy  and  church,  and  a  State  arsenal  ;  and 
West  hill,  which  is  2  m.  W.  and  contains  the  coun- 
ty buildings.     Gypsum  is  abundant  itt  this  town. 

Onondaga  Lake,  in  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  6  miles 
long.  It  communicates  with  Seneca  river.  On  its 
bor'ers  arc  the  celebrated  Salt  Springs,  the  largest 
and  strongest  in  America.     See  Salina. 

Onore,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Canara,  46  m.  N.  W.  Bed- 
nore,  80  S.  S.  E.  Goa.  Lon.  74°  12'  E.  Lat.  14° 
13'  N. 

Onrust,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Java,  fortified 
by  the  Dutch.     9  m.  N.  W.  Batavia.     Pop.  3,000. 

Ons,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of 
Spain.     Lon.  S°  65'  W.  Lat.  42"  23'  N. 

OtlsIow,  t.  Halifax  co.  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head 
of  the  basinof  Minas,35  m.  N.  E.  Windsor,  46  N. 
by  \V.  Halifax. 

Onslow,  CO.  in  the  S.  part  of  N.  Carolina,  on  tlie 
co?st.  Pop.  6,669,  including  2,299  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Swansborough.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Ontanagon,  r.  North-West  Territory,  which  ri- 
ses in  the  mountainous  country  between  Lake  Su- 
perior and  Michigan,  and  after  a  course  of  120  miles 
flows  into  Lake  Superior,  320  m.  W.  of  the  St. 
Mary's  rivcT*,  50  W.  of  Keweena  tjoint.  It  is  the 
largest  river  which  flows  into  the  Lake  between 
Point  Iroquois  and  the  Fond  du  Lac.  There  is 
only  a  short  portage  between  its  head  waters  and 
the  Menominie,  which  falls  into  Green  bay,  and  the 
Chippeway,  a  tributary  of  the  river  Mississippi. 
The  Ontanagon  has  long  been  noted  for  the  large 
masses  of  copper  on  its  banks.  A  strip  of  alluvial 
land  extends  3  or  4  miles  up  tlie  river,  and  is  then 
succeeded  by  a  wild  and  hilly  country,  in  which 
are  the  noted  copper  mines,  32  rniles  from  the 
Lake.  The  large  mass  of  native  copper  is  on  the 
W.  bank  of  theriver,  at  the  water'sedge,  imbedded 
in  a  rock  of  about  5  tons  weight,  and  the  quan- 
tity of  metallic  copper  in  it  is  estimated  by  Mr. 
Schoolcraft  at  2,200  lbs. 

Onlario,  Lake,  one  of  the  greatest  lakes  of  N. 
America,  lying  between  New- York  and  Upper 
Canada.    It  is  171  miles  in  length,  59^  in  its  great. 


est  breadth,  and  467  in  circumference.  The 
depth  of  water  varies  very  much,  but  is  seldom 
less  than  3  or  more  than  50  fathoms.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  Lake  Erie  through  Niagara  river 
near  its  S.  W.  extremity,  and  discharges  itself  into 
the  ocean,  through  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  which 
issues  from  it  at  its  N.  E.  extremity.  The  shores 
towards  the  N.  E.  are  low,  with  many  marshy  pla- 
ces ;  to  the  N.  and  N.  W.  they  assume  a  lofty 
character,  but  subside  again  to  a  very  moderate 
height  on  the  south.  All  the  rivers  which  flow  in- 
to the  lake  have  a  sandy  bar  across  the  entrance, 
but  there  are  some  fine  bays  and  inlets.  Burling- 
ton bay  is  both  spacious  and  secure,  but  the  en- 
trance is  so  shallow  as  to  admit  nothing  but  boats. 
York  and  Kingston  harbours,  belonging  to  the 
English,  and  Sackett's  harbour  to  the  Americans, 
are  unquestionably  the  best  upon  the  lake.  The 
two  latter  are  strongly  fortified,  being  the  arsenals 
where  ships  of  war  of  the  first  rate  were  construc- 
ted during  the  late  war.  Very  heavy  squalls  of 
wind  frequently  occur  on  the  lake,  but  unattended 
with  danger  where  the  usual  precautions  are  used. 

Ontario,  co.  N.  Y.  lately  divided.  Including  the 
new  county,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  E. 
by  Seneca  co.  S.  by  Steuben  co.  and  W.  by  Gene- 
see river,  which  separates  it  from  Genesee  co. 
Pop.  42,026,     Chief  town,  Canandaigua. 

Ontario,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Ontario, 
20.  m.  N.  Canandaigua.     Pop.  904. 

Ontiniente,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  30  m.  N.  N.W. 
Alicante.     Pop.  11,700. 

Ontoria,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  45  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Oviedo. 

Onis,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  41  m.  E.  Oviedo. 

Onye,  t.  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  40  m.  S.  E.  Surat. 

Onza,  r.  Africa,  in  Congo,  which  runs  into  the 
Atlantic  at  Mossula,  140  m  S.  of  the  Zaire.  Lat. 
8°  10'  S.     It  is  too  shallow  for  navigation. 

Onzate,  t.  Italy,  5  m.  S.  S.  W.  Brescia. 

Onzain,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  10  m.  S. 
W.  Blois. 

Onzella,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Aragon, 
at  Sanguesa. 

Oobenn,  small  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  Archipelago. 
Lon.  120°  22'  E.  Lat.  6°  N. 

Ood,  t.  Sweden,  41  m.  N.  E.  Gotheborg. 

Oodapour,  t.  Bengal,  16  m.  E.  Comillah. 

Oodeadargam,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  31  ni.  S.  E. 
Bangalore,  73  S.  Seringapatam. 

Ook-tib-be-ha  creek,  r.  U.  S.  in  Mississippi,  which 
runs  into  the  Tombigbee  from  the  W.  near  lat.  33" 
20'  N .  and  lon.  88"  3'  W.  There  is  another  river  of 
this  name  in  the  same  state  which  runs  into  the 
Chickasawbay,  a  principal  branch  of  the  Pasca- 
goula. 

Oolandoor,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  20  m.  W. 
S.  W.  IVivadi. 

Oo/par,  t.  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  10  m.  N.  Surat. 

OonaUhka,  or  Unalshka,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
the  largest  of  those  called  the  Aleutian  or  Fox  isl- 
ands.   Lon.  169°  W.  Lat.  54°  N. 

Oondapalty,  t.  Bengal  in  Baglana,  13  m,  S.  No- 
assuck. 

Oonemak,  or  Uniak,  one  of  the  Fox  islands  in 
the  Pacific,  between  Oonelashka  and  Alashka, 
about  200  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  194°  30' 
to  196°  40'  E.  Lat.  54°  20'  to  55°  15'  N. 

Oood,  one  of  the  smaller  Friendly  islands,  12  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Anamooka. 

Oostenalah,  r.  Georgia,  in  the  Cherokee  country, 
which  joins  the  Etowah  to  form  Coosa  river. 

Ootampaliam,  t.  Hind,  in  Dindigul,  30  m.  S.S. 
W.  Dindigul,  68  N.  N.  W.  Palamcotta. 


O  P  P 


O  R  A 


541 


Ootatore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  22  m.  N.  W 
Tanjore,  80  S.  W.  Pondicherry.  Lon.  78°  58'  E 
Lat.43"N. 

Oparo,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  discovered  by- 
Vancouver  in  1791.  It  is  6i  miles  long,  and  18  in 
circumference.  It  is  rugged  and  mountainous, 
yet  is  estimated  to  contain  1,500  inhabitants.  Lon. 
144''ll'W.Lat.27°36'S. 

Opatow,  t.  Poland,  in  Sandomirz,  16  m.  W  N. 
VV.  Sandomirz.     Pop.  2,800. 

Opelousas,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Louisiana. 

Opdousas,  p-t.  and  cap.  Opelousas  co.  Louisiana, 
60  ni.  VV.  Baton  Rouge. 

Ophir,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  celebrated  country  from 
which  Solomon  brought  gold,  precious  stones,  and 
sandal  wood,  also  silver,  elephant's  teeth,  apes,  and 
peacocks.  On  the  supposition  that  these  articles 
were  the  products  of  Ophir,  some  former  writers 
have  considered  it  a  country  of  India,  and  others  a 
country  of  Africa.  But  it  is  now  more  properly 
regarded  agreeably  to  Gen.  x.  29,  as  a  country  of 
Arabia,  to  which  these  products  were  brought  by 
traffic,  probably  from  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  and  it 
has  lately  been  shown  that  there  is  a  town  in  Om- 
mon  called  El  Ophir,  the  centre  of  a  very  brisk 
trade  which  was  formerly  carried  on  here. 

Ophir,  mountain  of  Sumatra,  under  the  Equa- 
tor, 14,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Oporto,  ciiy,  Portugal,  in  Entre-Duero-e-Minho, 
on  the  river  Duero,  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth, 
150  m.  N.  Lisbon,  49  N.  Coimbra.  Lon.  8"  19'  W^. 
Lat.  41"  9'  N.  Pop.  variously  estimated  from 
35,000  to  70,000.  The  river  forms  a  barred  har- 
bour, the  entrance  of  which  is  difficult  and  dan- 
gerous, and  requires  a  pilot  and  great  care  to  avoid 
the  rocks  and  sand-banks  ;  and  on  this  account  it 
is  so  secure,  that  the  Portuguese  government  have 
but  partially  fortified  it.  The  road  is  spacious, 
and  will  contain  a  large  fleet. 

The  town  is  on  an  uneven  ground,  but  the  streets 
are  clean  and  well  paved.  Next  to  Lisbon  it  is  the 
most  populous,  wealthy,  and  commercial  town  in 
Portugal.  The  principal  trade  is  in  wine,  of  which 
upwards  of  80,000  pipes  are  exported  annually. 
Its  commerce  increased  after  the  earthquake  at 
Lisbon,  before  that  time  the  population  being  esti- 
mated at  only  20,000.  Here  are  12  churches,  9 
hospitals,  12  convents,  and  a  naval  arsenal. 

Oppau.     See  Troppau. 

Oppeln,  a  district  of  the  Prussian  States,  in  Si- 
lesia, containing  5,324  square  miles,  and  604,000 
inhabitants. 

Oppeln,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  is  on 
the  Oder,  45  m.  S.  E.  Breslau,  75  N.  N.  E.  01- 
mutz.  Lon.  17"  58'  E.  Lat.  50"  35'  N.  Pop.  3,500. 
It  contains  a  castle,  hospital,  and  several  churches. 

Oppenau,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  13  m.  E.  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  1,528. 

Oppenheim,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  9  m.  S.  E.  Mentz,  36  N.  N. 
W.  Heidelberg.  Lon.  8"  20'  E.  Lat.  49"  51'  N. 
Pop  2,100.  It  was  formerly  imperial.  It  has  con- 
siderable trade  in  wine. 

Oppenheim,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  15  m.  W.  Johnstown,  56 
W.  Albany.     Pop.  2,693. 

Oppido,  (an.  Mamertum,)  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,  27  m  N.  E.  Reggio.  Lon.  16"  23'  E.  Lat. 
38"  18'  N.  Pop.  2,400.  It  was  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in  1783,  in  which  1,200  of  the  inhabi- 
tants perished.  The  present  town  is  3  miles  from 
the  former.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Opps,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  6  m.  S.  E.  Bethle- 
hem. 


Opsoe,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  Istria,  7  m.  E.  N.  E- 
Capo  d' Istria. 

Opturgiuvi.     See  Oderzo. 

Opus,  isl.  Dalmatia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Na- 
venza. 

Oquago,  p-v.  in  Windsor,  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Delaware  river,  16  m.  E.  Binghampton. 

Or,  r.  Eng  in  Suffolk,  which  runs  into  the  Ger- 
man ocean,  a  little  below  Oxford. 

Oran,  t.  Algiers,  170  m.  S.  W.  of  the  city  of  Al- 
giers. Lon.  0"  28'  W.  Lat.  35"  50'  N.  It  is  built 
on  the  declivity  and  near  the  foot  of  a  high  moun- 
tain, and  is  protected  by  several  castles.  In  the 
year  1509  it  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  re- 
mained in  their  possession  till  1708.  It  is  a  place 
of  great  strength,  as  well  by  nature  as  by  art.  In 
1790,  Oran  was  almost  destroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, in  which  2,000  persons  perished,  and  little 
of  the  town,  besides  the  outer  walls  were  left  stand- 
ing. 

Oran,  p-v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  ^ 

Orange,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse.  Lon.  4°  48'  E. 
Lat.  44"  8'  N.  Pop.  7,270.  A  university  was 
founded  here  in  1365  by  the  emperor  Charles  V. 
In  1622,  Maurice  of  Nassau,  prince  of  Orange, 
caused  the  castle  to  be  well  fortified  ;  but  in  1660 
the  fortifications,  and  in  1673,  the  castle  itself  were 
razed  by  order  of  Louis  XIV. 

Orange,  formerly  Cardigan,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H. 
14  m.  S.  W.  Plymouth.     Pop.  229. 

Orange,  co.  Vt.  bounded  N.  by  Washington  and 
Caledonia  cos.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by 
Windsor  co.  and  W.  by  Addison  co.  Pop.  25,247. 
Chief  towns,  Newbury  and  Randolph. 

Orange,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  13  m.  S.  E.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  686. 

Orange,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Sullivan  and 
Ulster  COS.  E.  by  Hudson  river,  S.  by  Rockland 
CO.  and  New-Jersey,  and  W.  by  Pennsylvania  and 
Sullivan  co.  Pop.  34,347.  Chief  towns,  Goshen 
and  Newburgh. 

Orange,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson. 
It  was  formerly  part  of  the  township  of  Half-Moon, 
and  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1816. 

Orange,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  adjoining  Newark. 
Pop.  2,266.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Orange,  co.  in  the  Central  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
12,323,  including  6,516  slaves.  Chief  town,  Stan- 
nardsville.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Orange,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  20, 135, 
including  4,701  slaves.  Chief  town,  Hillsbo- 
rough. 

Orange,  p-t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Orange,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Orange,  p-v.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

Orange,  co.  Indiana.  It  is  watered  by  White 
river  and  the  Petoka.     Chief  town,  Paoli. 

Orange  river,  S.  Africa,  which  rises  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and 
after  a  westerly  course  of  about  600  miles,  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,' in  lat.  28"  30'  S. 

Orange  springs,  or  Gum  springs,  p-v.  Orange 
CO.  Va. 

Orangeburg,  district,  S.  C.  on  the  N.  E.  side  of 
the  North  Edisto  river,  79  m.  N.  W.  Charleston. 
Pop.  13,229,  including  6,564  slaves. 

Orangeburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Orangeburg  district, 
S.  C.  on  North  Edisto  river,  40  m.  S.  S.  W.  Co- 
lumbia, 77  N.  N.  W.  Charleston.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  jail,  an  academy,  and  about  20 
houses. 

Orangetown,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  19  m.  E. 
Machias. 

Orangdoun,  t.  Rocklaad  co.  N.  Y.  28  m.  N. 


542 


ORE 


U  R  1 


New  York,  142  S.  Albany.  Pop.  1,583.  .  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  1  for  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  for 
Baptists,  an  academy,  and  several  mills, 

Oranienbaum,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Dessau, 
6  m.  S.  E.  Dessau,  10  W.  S.  W.  Wittenberg.  Lon. 
12°  28'  E.  Lat.  51°  48'  N.     Pop.  1,560. 

Oranienbaum,  t.  Russia,  on  the  gulf  of  Finland, 
20  m.  W.  Petersburgh.  Lon.  29"  26'  E.  Lat.  59° 
52' N. 

Oranienburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Havel,  18  m.  N.  Berlin,  28  N.  N.  E. 
Potsdam.  Lon.  13"  19'  E.  Lat.  52"  45'  N.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Oransay,  one  of  the  smaller  Hebrides,  S.  of  Co- 
lonsa,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow 
strait.     Lou.  6°  7'  W.  Lat  56°  4'  N. 

Orarne,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  17°  7'  E.  Lat.  60°  42'  N. 

Orb,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 8  m.  below  Beziers. 

Orba,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Bormida,  3 
m.  below  Alexandria. 

Orbe,  t.  Bavaria,  celebrated  for  its  salt  works, 
26  m.  E.  Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 

Orbe,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  5  m.  S.  W.  Yverdun, 
13  N.  Lausanne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Orbec,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  10  m.  S.  E.  Li- 
seux,  30  E.  S.  E.  Caen.     Pop.  3,600. 

Orbieu,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Aude,  5 
m.  N.  W.  Narbonne. 

Orbiiello,  t.  in  the  Siennese,  but  belonging  to 
Naples,  65  m.  N.  W.  Rome,  78  S.  Florence.  Lon. 
1 1°  6'  E.  Lat.  42°  31'  N.  It  is  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  well 
fortified. 

Orctlis.     See  Orihucla. 

Orchies,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  9  m.  S. 
W.  Tournay,  12  S.  S.  E.  Lille.     Pop.  2,778. 

Orchilla,  small  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  near  the 
coast  of  S.  America.  The  land  is  low,  and  in  the 
form  of  a  crescent  or  half  moon.  There  is  very 
little  fresh  water  on  the  island,  and  the  only  ani- 
mals are  goats  and  lizards.  Lon.  66°  5'  W.  Lat. 
1 1°  52'  N. 

Ordenbach,  r.  Prussian  States,  which  runs  into 
the  Rhine,  2  m.  below  Zons. 

Ordingen,  t.  Germany,  32  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cologne. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Orduna,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  42  m.  S.  W.  St.  Se- 
bastian, 50  N.  E.  Burgos.  Lon.  2°  57'  W.  Lat  42° 
56'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Orebro,  t.  Sweden,  in  a  province  of  the  same 
name,  on  tlie  Hielmar  lake,  88  m.  W.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  15"  13'  E.  Lat.  59°  17'  N.  Pop.  2,878.  It  is 
fortified,  and  carries  on  considerable  trade. 

Oreehoua,  one  of  the  smaller  Sandwich  islands, 
separated  from  Oneehow  by  a  channel  about  a 
mile  broad.  It  is  of  small  extent,  and  composed 
of  naked  rock.     Lon.  160°  8'  W.  Lat.  22°  2'  N. 

Oregon.     See  Columbia  river. 

Oregrund,  s-p.  Swetlen,  34  m.  N.  N.  E.  Upsal, 
88  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  1 8°  26'  E .  Lat.  60°  20'  N. 
It  has  been  repeatedly  destroyed  by  the  Russians. 

Orel,  t  Russia,  on  the  Oka,  176  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Moscow,  464  S.  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  35°  57' 
E.  Lat  52°  55'  N.     Pop.  15,524. 

Orellana.     See  Amazons. 

Orem.     See  Ourem. 

Orenburg,  t.  A.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  govern- 
ment to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  Ural,  250  m. 
N.  E.  Astracan,  970  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  55° 
6'  E.  Lat.  51°  46'  N.  It  is  the  great  thoroughlare 
from  Siberia  to  Eu.  Russia,  and  a  place  of  consid- 
erable trade,    The  Scottish  Missionary  Society 


have  fixed  upon  Orenburg  for  one  of  their  Mis- 
sionary stations,  as  it  afibrds  opportunities  of  use- 
fulness among  the  resident  Mahometans,  and  those 
who  visit  it  for  purposes  of  commerce,  and  has 
ready  access  to  the  numerous  Tartar  tribes  which 
surround  it  on  all  sides.  The  New  Testament 
has  been  translated  by  one  of  the  Missionaries  into 
the  Orenburg  Tartar. 

Orense,  city,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  Minho, 
37  m.  S.  E.  Compostella,  72  W.  Astorga.  Lon.  7° 
53'  W.  Lat.  42"  25'  N.  Pop.  4,500.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  It  has  warm  springs,  which  are  sal- 
utary in  several  diseases. 

Orford,  t  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  19  m.  E.  Ipswich,  89 
N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  31'  W.  Lat  52°  6'  N. 
Pop.  399.     It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 

Orford,  t.  Kent  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  lake  Erie,  extending  back  to  the  river  Thames. 

Orford,  p-t  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  a  pleasant  vil- 
lage of  about  30  houses. 

Orford  JVess,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
Norfolk.     Lon.  1°  6'  E.  Lat.  52°  4'  N. 

Orford  J\'ess,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.'   Lon.  218°  9'  W.  Lat.  1 1°  15'  N. 

Orgelet,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  12  m.  S.  Lons  le 
Saunier,  20  S.  Poligny.  Lon.  5°  41'  E.  Lat.  45° 
31' N.     Pop.  1,224. 

Organ,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  ou 
the  Durance,  17  m.  E.  Tarascon.     Pop.  2,400. 

Orson,  r.  Chinese  Tartary,  which  runs  into  the 
Sclingue,  in  lon.  106°  14'  E.  lat.  50"  N. 

Orin,  or  Oira,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  45  m.  N. 
W.  Otranto,  165  E.  Naples.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Orient,  La,  s-p.  France,  in  Morbihan,  100  m. 
S.  W.  Rennes,  180  W.  Paris.  Lon.  3°  16' W.  Lat 
47°  45'  N.  Pop.  17,837.  It  is  at  the  bottom  of  a: 
bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Scorf.  The  harbor 
is  good,  but  not  capable  of  receiving  many  ships 
of  war. 

Origny,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  8  m,  E.  St  Quen- 
tin.     Pop.  2,400. 

Orihuela,  or  Origuela,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  26 
m.  S.  W.  Alicant,  31  N.  Carthagena.  Lon.  1°5' 
W.  Lat.  38°  7'  N.  Pop.  21,000.  It  is  situated  in 
a  fertile  country,  surrounded  by  high  mountain?, 
and  is  famous  for  tlie  manufacture  of  curious  snuff 
boxes,  out  of  the  roots  of  the  terebinthus.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Orirwco,  or  Oronoco,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises 
in  the  mountains  N.  W.  of  lake  Parima,  in  lat.  5° 
N.  and  lon.  65°  W.  Its  course,  for  the  first  300 
miles,  is  from  N.  to  S.  It  then  turns  to  the  west, 
and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  receives  the  Ca- 
siquiari  from  the  south.  From  the  Casiquiari  it 
continues  its  course  westward  to  St.  Fernando, 
where  it  receives  from  the  S.  W.  the  Guaviari,  a 
very  considerable  river.  Here  it  turns  northward, 
and,  after  receiving  the  Vichada  from  the  west, 
pours  its  waters  down  the  cataract  of  Atures. 
These  cataracts  completely  obstruct  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  river.  They  lie,  according  to  Depons, 
740  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  and  760 
from  its  source,  in  lat.  5°  40'  N.  and  lon.  68°  W. 
Below  the  cataracts,  90  miles,  it  is  enlarged  by 
the  waters  of  the  Meta,  one  of  its  principal  tribu- 
taries, which  is  500  miles  long,  and  navigable  370 
miles.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Meta,  140  miles, 
the  Orinoco  receives  from  the  west  the  Apura,  a 
large  and  deep  river,  520  miles  long,  having  nu- 
merous and  wide  spreading  branches,  and  more 
rapid  than  the  Orinoco.intowhich  it  empties  its  wa- 
ter? by  many  mouths.    After  receiving  the  Apura, 


O  R  K 


O  R  M 


543 


tlie  Orinoco  turns  to  the  east,  and,  after  a  further 
course  of  about  400  miles,  divides  itself,  like  the 
Nile,  into  a  great  many  branches,  and  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  ocean  by  50  mouths,  the  two 
most  distant  of  which  are  180  miles  apart.  Only 
7,  however,  are  navigable,  and  but  one  of  these, 
the  southern,  called  the  Ship's  Mouth,  for  vessels 
of  more  than  200  tons.  The  Delta  of  the  Orinoco 
consists  of  low  boggy  lands,  in  most  places  liable 
to  inundation. 

Orinsay,  small  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  lying  be- 
twixt Boreray  and  North  Uist,  and  separated  from 
the  latter  by  a  narrow  sound. 

Orio,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  on  the  sea  coast, 
4  m.  W.  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  800. 

Orio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  30  m.  S.  S.  E.  Milan. 
Oriskany,  creek,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  which  flows 
into  the  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  in  Whitestown. 
The  village  of  Oriskany,  at  its  mouth,  contains 
extensive  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories.  Here 
is  a  post-ofFice. 

Orissa,  province,  Hind,  between  16°  and  23°  N. 
lat.  bounded  E.  by  the  sea  and  Bengal,  and  W.  by 
Gundwaneh.  It  was  formerly  an  independent 
Hindoo  kingdom,  but  was  first  conquered  by  the 
Afghans,  and  afterwards  by  the  Moguls,  towards 
the  end  of  the  16th  century.  All  the  valuable 
parts  of  tliis  province  are  now  in  the  hands  of  the 
British. 

Orislano,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  on  a 
fine  bay  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  40  m.  N.  Vv.  Cagliari.     Pop.  6,000. 

Orivolo,  t  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
25  m.  N.  VV.  Rome. 

Orizaba,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendancy  of  Vera 
Cruz,  situated  in  a  valley  remarkable  for  its  rich 
pastures,  and  overshadowed  with  the  most  ver- 
dant forests,  above  which  proudly  rises  on  the  W. 
the  volcano  of  Orizaba,  covered  with  perpetual 
snow.  Pop.  about  8,000,  consisting  of  whites  and 
Indians.  120  m.  E.  by  S.  Mexico.  Lon.97"7'W. 
Lat.  18°48'N. 

Orjachm,  or  Orkapiisi.  See  Perecop. 
Orkney  Islands,  the  Orcades  of  the  ancients,  a 
cluster  of  islands  in  the  North  sea,  separated  from 
the  N.  coast  of  Scotland  by  the  Pentland  frith. 
They  are  about  30  in  number  ;  but  many  of  them. 
are  uninhabited.  The  principal  inhabited  islands 
are  Pomona  or  Mainland,  Hoy,  North  Ronald- 
shay,  South  Ronaldshay,  Sanday,  Stronsay,  Eday, 
Westray,  Shapinshay,  &,c.  All  the  islands  may 
contain  about  384,000  acres,  divided  perhaps  in 
the  following  proportions :  viz.  heath  and  moss, 
occupied  as  common, 294, 000 acres;  green  pasture, 
occupied  as  common,  30,000 ;  infield  pasture  and 
meadow,  30,000 ;  arable,  including  gardens, 
24,000;  total  productive  laud,  84,000;  houses, 
roads,  walls,  ditches,  2,000  ;  fresh  water,  4,000. 
Except  some  stunted  birch  and  hazel  bushes,  and 
a  few  willows  and  juniper  bushes,  there  is  scarce 
a  tree  or  shrub  to  be  seen.  The  animals  are  small 
horses,  black  cattle,  sheep,  swine,  and  rabbits. 
There  are  large  flocks  of  sheep  in  fine  condition. 
The  principEil  exports  are  beef,  pork,  butter,  tal- 
low, hides,  salt  fish,  oil,  feathers,  linen  yarn,  kelp, 
with  small  quantities  of  grain  in  years  of  plenty. 
The  imports  are  wood,  iron,  flax,  coal,  sugar,  spir- 
its, wine,  snuff"  and  tobacco  ;  flour,  soap,  leather, 
hardware,  broad  bloth,  printed  linens  and  cottons. 
The  annual  exports  have  sometimes  been  estimat- 
ed at  40,000/.  and  the  imports  at  36,000/.  Pop.  in 
1801,24,445;  in  1811,  23,238. 
Orkub.     See  Precopia. 


Orlamunda,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gotha,  on  the 

Saale,  at  the  influx  of  the  Orla  into  that  river,  14 

m.  S.  by  E.  Weimar,  21  S.  E.  Erfurt.    Pop.  2,000. 

Orlaiid,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the  E.  side  of 

the  Penobscot,  17  m.  N.  Castine.     Pop.  480. 

Orlando,  Capo  di,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Si- 
cily, 25  m.  W.  by  8.  Melazzo.  Lou.  14°  41'  E. 
Lat.  38°  15'  N. 

Orlau,  t.  Austrian  States,  12  m.  N.  W.  Teschen. 
Pop.  900. 

Orlean,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 
Orleans,  t.  in  the  central  part  of  France,  cap. 
of  Loiret,  on  the  Loire.  The  situation  is  favora- 
ble to  trade.  Placed  almost  in  the  centre  of  the 
kingdom,  and  communicating,  by  means  of  the 
Loire  and  its  tributary  streams,  with  several  fer- 
tile departments  of  the  interior,  it  forms  a  great 
entrepot  for  their  productions;  while,  on  the  oth- 
er hand,  the  foreign  commodities  imported  at 
Nantes,  La  Rochelle,  and  some  other  smaller 
ports,  are  forwarded  thither,  and  subsequently 
distributed  into  different  parts  of  the  kingdom. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  corn,  wine,  bran- 
dy, and  fruit.  The  manufa-tures  are  stockings, 
woollens,  hats,  and  leather.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  Pop.  42,000.  70  m.  N.  W.  Tours,  80  S. 
by  W.  Paris.     Lon.  T  54'  E.  Lat.  47°  54'  N. 

Orleans,  Island  of,  isl.  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  ra. 
below  Quebec,  25  miles  long,  and  5  broad.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile  in  almost  every  part.  Pop.  4,000. 
Orleans,  co.  Vt.  bounded  JJ.  by  Canada,  E.  by 
Essex  CO.  S.  by  Caledonia  and  Washington  coun- 
ties, and  W.  by  Franklin  co.  Pop.  5,838.  Chief 
towns,  Craftsbury,  and  Brownington. 

Orleans,  p-t.  Barnstable  co,  Mass.  20m.  E.  Barn- 
stable, 85  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  1,248. 
Orleans,  Territory  of.     See  Louisiana. 
Orleans,  parish,  Louisiana,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Mississippi.     It  extends  from  Lake  Borgne  to  the 
gulf  of  Mexico.     Pop.  24,552. 

Orlov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  river  Viatka,  26  m. 
W.  of  Viatka.     Pop.  3,600. 

Ormea,  t.  Piedmont,  near  the  Tanaro,  defended 
by  a  strong  castle.  20  m.  N.  by  W.  Oneglia,  60  S. 
Turin.     Pop.  5,300. 

Ormskirk,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  30  m.  S.  Lan- 
caster, 210  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  52'  W. 
Lat.  53°  34'  N.     Pop.  3,064. 

Ormuz,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf,  on  which  was 
built  a  city,  once  the  most  splendid  and  celebrated 
of  all  Asia.  It  was  the  emporium  of  the  trade  of 
India  with  Persia,  and  even  with  Europe,  its  com- 
modities being  carried  up  the  Euphrates,  and 
across  the  Syrian  desert,  Ormuz  did  not  owe  its 
greatness  to  any  natural  advantages.  It  is  a  mere 
rock  of  salt,  and  produces  neither  a  single  article 
of  provision,  nor  a  drop  of  water.  Its  greatness  and 
splendour  were  due  entirely  to  commerce.  When 
the  Portuguese  fleets  had  found  their  way  round 
the  Cape  into  the  Indian  seas,  their  cupidity  was 
soon  excited  by  Ormuz.  They  made  several  at- 
tempts to  obtain  possession  of  it,  which  proved 
abortive  ;  but  in  1514,  the  great  Albuquerque 
sailed  thither  with  a  force  so  overwhelming,  that 
resistance  was  scarcely  attempted.  It  continued 
one  of  the  main  seats  of  Portuguese  power,  till  the 
reign  of  Shah  Abbas,  when  that  ambitious  mon- 
arch, with  the  assistance  of  an  English  fleet,  suc- 
ceeded in  wresting  it  from  them.  The  Persian 
monarch  made  it  then  his  object  to  transfer  the 
trade  of  Ormuz  to  Gombroon,  situated  on  the  coast 
opposite  to  it;  and  at  length  all  the  inhabitants 
were  ordered  to  evacuate  the  place,  leaving  only 


544 


O  R  R 


O  R  U 


a  Persian  garrison.  About  the  end  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, Ormuz  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Imam 
of  Maskat.  The  fort  has  been  put  into  a  tolera- 
ble state  of  repair,  but  it  contains  only  about  500 
inhabitants.  The  whole  of  the  ancient  city  is  one 
mass  oi  ruins.     Lon.  56"  40'  E.    Lat.  27"  8'  N. 

Or7iuin,  small  r.  France,  in  Meuse,  which  falls 
into  tlie  Marne  at  Vitry. 

Ornans,  t.  France,  in  Doubs.  Pop.  3,100.  The 
inhabitants  are  employed  partly  in  the  iron  works 
of  the  vicinity,  partly  in  manufactures  of  leather 
and  paper.  12  m.  S.  E.  Besan^on,  20  N.  W.  Pou- 
tarlier. 

Orne,  department  in  the  N.  of  France,  bordered 
by  the  departments  of  Calvados,  Eure-and-Loire, 
Mayenne-and-Sarthe.  Extent,  2,500  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  in  1815,  422,000.  The  principal  mineral 
product  is  iron,  the  average  annual  produce  of 
which  is  about  8,000  tons.  Alengon  is  the  cap- 
ital. 

Orne,  r.  France,  which  rises  near  Orne,  and 
falls  into  the  Moselle,  not  far  from  Metz. 

Orne,  r.  France,  which  becomes  navigable  at 
Caen,  and  discharges  itself  into  the  English  chan- 
nel, about  9  miles  below  that  town. 

Omes,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  9  m.  N.  E.  Verdun. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Oro,  Cape  d\  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of  Ne- 
gropont,  anciently  called  Cephareus.  Lon.  24"  40' 
E.     Lat.  38"  8'  N. 

Orodada,  port  on  the  coast  of  Peru,  6  m.  S.  by 
W.  Payta. 

Oromucto,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  falls  into 
the  W.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Oron,  t.  Switz.  in  the  Pays  de  Vaud,  10  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Lausanne. 

Orono,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on  the  W.  side 
of  Penobscot  river,  5  m.  N.  Bangor.     Pop.  351. 

Oronoke.     See  Orinoco. 

Oronsay,  one  of  the  smaller  Hebrides,  separated 
from  Colonsay  by  a  narrow  channel. 

Orontes,  r.  Syria,  and  the  largest  by  which  that 
country  is  watered.  It  rises  in  Mount  Lebanon, 
to  the  N.  of  Damascus,  near  the  source  of  the  Jor- 
dan, and,  flowing  N.  falls  into  the  iVIediterranean, 
in  lat.  36"  N. 

Oropesa,  the  capital  of  Cochabamba,  in  Buenos 
Ayres,  8  m.  N.  Cochabamba,  89  N.  N.  W.  Chu- 
quisaca.  Lon.  67°  18' W.  Lat.  18°  11' S.  Pop. 
17,000. 

Oropesa,  t.  Spain,  in  Avila,  20  m.  W.  by  S.  Ta- 
lavera  de  la  Reyna.     Pop.  1,400. 

Oropesa,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia.     Lon.  0°  8'  25''  E.     Lat.  40"  5'  33"  N. 

Oropus,  t.  Greece,  in  Attica,  about  3  miles  from 
the  s ea.  It  commands  the  adjacent  plain  of  Tana- 
gra,  the  subject  of  frequent  contest  between  the 
Thebans  and  Athenians. 

Oroshaza,  t.  Hungary,  28  m.  W.  by  S.  Gyula. 
Pop,  6,000. 

Orovesi,  lake,  Russia,  in  Finland,  40  m.  N.  W. 
lake  Ladoga.     It  is  15  or  16  leagues  long. 

Oroust,  isl.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Sweden,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Cattegat,  40  m.  in  circumference. 
Lon.  11"  30' E.     Lat.  58"  10' N. 

Orphans''  Bank,  a  fishing  bank  at  the  S.  E.  point 
of  Chaleur  bay,  on  the  coast  of  New  Brunswick. 

Orphan  Island,  large  isl.  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot,  between  Pros- 
pect and  Orland. 

Orpierre,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  30  m.  S.W. 
Gap.     Pop.  800. 

Orr  Water,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  Sol- 


way  frith,  10  m,  E.  Kirkcudbright.     Lou.  3"  50' 
W.     Lat.  54°  55'  x\. 

Orrell,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  4i  m.  N.  Liv- 
erpool.    Pop.  2,000. 

Orrington,  p-t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Penobscot,  5  ra.  S.  Bangor,  32  N.  Cas- 
tine.     Pop.  1,341. 

Orrsville,  p-v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

Orsero,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Is 
tria,  4  m.  N.  Rovigno. 

Orsha,  or  Orshan,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Mohilev, 
on  the  Dnieper,  40  m.  N.  Mohilev.  Lon.  30"  14' 
E.  Lat.  54"  30'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Orskttia,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Orenburg,  on  the  Or, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  before  its  junction  with 
the  Oural.     132  m.  E.  Orenburg. 

Orson's  Island,  isl.  Maine,  in  the  river  Penob- 
scot, at  the  N.  end  of  Marsh's  island. 

Orsova,  J^Tew,  or  JVeu-Orschowa,  t.  and  fortress, 
Eu.  Tui'key,  on  an  island  in  the  Danube.  The 
fortress  has  been  frequently  taken  and  retaken  by 
the  Turks  and  imperialists,  but  has  remained  in 
the  hands  of  the  former  since  tlie  treaty  of  Sistow 
in  1789.  50  m.  N.  by  W.  Vidin,  100  E.  Belgrade. 
Pop.  2,800. 

Orsova,  or  Orschowa,  Old,  fort,  Hungary,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Tscherna  into  the  Danube,  opposite 
New  Orsova. 

Orsoy,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  W.  bank  of  tlie 
Rhine,  24  m.  S.  E.  Cleves.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ort,  t.  Austria,  15  m.  E.  Vienna.     Pop.  900. 

Orta,  t.  Sardinian  states,  30  m.  N.  Vercelli. 

Orta,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  26  m.  S.  W. 
Manfredonia.     Pop  1,500. 

Orta,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  on 
the  Tiber.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  36  m.  N.  by 
W.  Rome. 

Ortegal,  Cape,  a  well  known  promontory  of 
Spain,  in  Galicia.  Lon.  7"  54'  W.  Lat.  43°  46 
40"  N. 

Ortelsburg,  or  Scytno,  t.  East  Prussia,  80  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Konigsberg.  '  Pop.  1,100. 

Ortenberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  22 
m.  E.  N.  E.'^  Frankfort  on  the  Maine,  20  S.  E.  Gies- 
sen. 

Ortenburg,  t.  Bavarian  states,  5  m.  S.  Vilzhofeu, 
10  W.  Passau.     Pop.  1,200. 

Orthez,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  22  m.  N. 
W.  Pau,  and  30  E.  Bayonne.     Pop.  6,200. 

Orthosa,  or  Ortosa,  s-p.  Syria,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  12  m.  N.  Tripoli. 

Ortles-Spitze,  the  highest  mountain  of  the  Aus- 
trian empire,  in  Tyrol.  Its  elevation  is  15,000 
feet. 

Orton,  or  Overton,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  14 
m.  N.  Kendal.  Lon.  2°  35'  W.  Lat.  54°  28'  N. 
Pop.  333. 

Ortone  a  Mare,  t.  Naples  on  Abruzzo  Citra, 
on  the  sea  coast.  It  is  the  sea  of  a  bishop.  50  m. 
E.  Aquila,  100  N.  Naples.     Pop.  5,700. 

Ortona  di  Marsi,  t.  Naples  in  Abruzzo  Citra. 
34  m.  N.  by  E.  Poute  Corvo. 

Oruba.     See  Aruba. 

Orvieto,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  al 
the  confluence  of  the  Pagliaand  Chiana,  60  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Rome.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Here  is 
a  college  of  Jesuits.     Pop.  7,000. 

Orville,  p-v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

Orurillo,  t.  Peru,  in  La  Paz,  on  Lake  Titiaca, 
25  m.  N.  W.  Asangaro. 

Oruro,  a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded 
N.  by  Sicasica,  E.  by  Cochabamba,  S.  and  S.  E. 
by  Paria,  and  W.  and  N.  W.  by  Paca^es.     Pop 


o  s  c 

8,000.  Oruro,  the  capital,  is  in  a  beautiful  valley, 
70  m.  N.  N.  W.  Potosi.  Lon.  68"  W.  Lat.  IB" 
48'  S. 

Orwell,  r.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  commonly  called  Ips- 
wich water.  It  unites  with  the  Stour,  and  forms 
the  fine  harbour  of  Harwich.  It  is  navigable  to 
Ipswich.  Above  Ipswich  it  takes  the  name  of 
Gipping. 

Orwell,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  runs  into  Lake 
Erie,  between  Landguard  and  the  North  Fore- 
land. 

Orwell,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Chaxnplain, 
48  m.  VV.  N.  VV.  Windsor.     Pop.  1,849. 

Orwell,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 

Oncell,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  755. 

Orwell,  p-v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

Orwigsburg,  borough  and  cap.  Schuylkill  co. 
Pa.  27  m.  N.  W.  Reading.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Orzero,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria,  on  tlie  Adri- 
atic, 5  m.  N.  Rovigno. 

Orzi  JYuovi,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Oglio,  34 
m.  E.  by  S.  Milan.     Pop.  3,000. 

Osa,  r.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  which  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean  at  Telamone  Vecchio. 

Osacca,  city  of  Japan,  the  port  of  Meaco,  situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  25  m. 
S..W.  Meaco.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  very  extensive 
trade,  and  one  of  the  most  flourishing  cities  in  the 
empire. 

Osages,  Indians,  of  the  U.  States,  in  Arkansaw 
and  Missouri  Territories.  The  Osages  of  the  Mis- 
souri are  divided  into  Great  and  Little  Osages, 
and  live  in  two  separate  villages,  which  are  six 
miles  apart,  on  the  waters  of  the  Osage  river,  about 
360  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Missouri,  in 
lat.  37°  N.  and  lon.  96°  40'  W.  Their  whole  num- 
ber is  estimated  at  6,000,  of  whom  about  4,000  are 
Great  Osages,  and  2,000  Little  Osages.  The  dis- 
tinction between  them  is  merely  nominal,  as  they 
form  parts  of  one  nation. — The  Osages  of  the  Ar- 
kansaw are  2,000  in  number,  and  inhabit  several 
villages  on  branches  of  Arkansaw  river,  about  150 
miles  S.  W.  of  the  villages  of  the  Great  and  Little 
Osages.  Their  principal  village  is  on  Verdigris 
river,  but  they  have  another  on  Grand  river,  25 
miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Arkansaw,  in  lat. 
35°  30'  N.  and  lon.  97 '  20'  W.  This  last,  called 
Union,  is  fixed  upon,  by  the  United  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society,  as  one  of  their  stations  among  the 
Osages,  and  in  the  summer  of  1820,  a  mission  fam- 
ily, consisting  of  more  than  20  persons,  was  sent  to 
occupy  it.  The  same  society  have  also  lately  sent 
out  another  family  to  reside  among  the  Osages 
of  the  Missouri.  The  Osages  subsist  on  corn, 
pumpkins,  beans,  fish,  and  the  flesh  of  wild  ani- 
mals. They  are  remarkably  hospitable,  fond  of 
peace,  and  particularly  desirous  of  preserving  a 
^ood  understanding  with  the  people  of  the  United 
States.  When  provoked  to  war,  they  are  brave ; 
and,  in  their  recent  contests  with  the  Cherokees, 
have  sometimes  conquered  with  far  inferior  num- 
bers. 

Osage,  a  large  river  of  the  U.  States,  which 
rises  in  lat.  36°  28'  N.  and  lon.  96°  5'  W.  and  run- 
ning N.  E.  joins  the  Missouri,  by  a  mouth  397 
yards  wide,  133  miles  from  the  Mississippi,  in  lat. 
ij8°  31'  N.  and  lon.  92°  W. 

Osage  Woman's  River,  r.  Missouri  which  falls 
into  the  N.  side  of  the  Missouri,  about  60  miles 
irom  its  confluence  with  the  Mississippi.  It  is 
about  30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 

Osch,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  12  m. 
f .  E.  Bois  le  Due.     Pop.  2.800. 

69 


OSS 


545 


Oschatz,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxonv,  near  the  small 
river  Colnitz,  18  m.  N.  W.  Meissen,  32  N.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  3,400. 

Oschersleben,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  19  m.  W.  S.W. 
Magdeburg.     Pop.  3,000. 

Osero,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  an  island  in  the  Ad- 
riatic, joined  to  the  larger  island  of  Cherso,  by  a 
bridge.     Pop.  1,500.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Osgood,  t.  Russel  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  riyer 
Rideau,  wliich  flows  into  the  Ottawa. 

Osgt^an,  t.  Hungary,  39  m.  N.  N.  W.  Erlau. 

Osimo,  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  10  m.  S.  by  W.  Ancona,  110 
N.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13°  27'  23"  E.  Lat.  43°  29' 
36"  N.     Pop.  6,700. 

Oslcol  JVoroi,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  93  m.  S. 
E.  Kursk.     Pop.  2,300. 

Oskol  Slaroi,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  75  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Kursk.     Pop.  5,000. 

Osma,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.  Here  Sir  'Thomas  Graham  defeated  a  body 
of  French,  on  15th  June  1813.  40  m.  S.  E.  Bur- 
gos, 52  N.  N.  E.  Madrid.     Pop.  2,000. 

Osmanjic,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivjis,  140  m.  N.W. 
Sivas. 

Osmarskoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  on  the  Irtysch,  201  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Kolivan. 

Osnabruck,  or  Osnaburg,  a  province  in  the  S.W. 
of  Hanover,  between  the  grand  dutchy  of  Olden- 
burg and  the  Prussian  province  of  Westphalia. 
Area,  920  sq.  miles.  Pop.  126,000,  of  whom  the 
majority  are  Lutherans,  and  the  rest  Catholics. 
A  large  proportion  of  this  principality  consists  of 
heath,  moor,  and  sandy  eminences,  all  very  unpro- 
ductive. Of  the  coarse  linen  so  well  known  by 
the  name  of  Osnaburgs.  great  quantities  are  man- 
ufactured by  the  inhabitants.  Its  public  revenue 
is  between  50,000/.  and  60,000/.  sterling. 

Osnabruck,  or  Osnaburgs  the  capital  of  the  above 
province,  is  on  the  Hase.  It  has  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollen,  leather,  and  tobacco.  Here  are 
also  several  linen  bleachfields.  70  m.  W.  Hano- 
ver, 28  N.  E.  Munster.  Lon.  8°  1'  E.  Lat.  52°  1& 
N.     Pop.  9,300. 

Osnaburg,  p-t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  E^Canton. 
Pop.  in  18i9,  580. 

Osnabruck,  t.  Ormont  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

Osomo,  t.  Chili,  212  m.  S.  La  Conception.  Lat, 
40'^  20'  S. 

Ossa,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Perm,  48  m.  S.W.  Pertlis 
Pop.  1,000. 

Ossa,  celebrated  mountain  in  the  N.  of  Greece, 
in  Thessaly,  to  the  S.  E.  of  Olympus,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  the  vale  of  Tempe,  and  the  river 
Peneus,  which  flows  through  it. 

Ossabaw,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ogechee,  20  miles  in  circumference. 
Lon.  81°  17'  W.    Lat.  31"  42'  N. 

Ossabaw  Sound,  inlet,  Georgia,  between  the 
islands  of  Great  Wassaw  and  Ossabaw. 

Ossegh,  v.  Bohemia,  18  m.  N.  N.  W.  Leutme- 
ritz. 

Ossendrecht,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
13  m.  N.  by  W.  Antwerp.     Pop.  800. 

Ossetes,  a  rude  people  who  inhabit  the  northern 
part  of  the  mountains  of  Caucasus.  They  muster, 
on  an  emergency,  10,000  horse. 

Ossett,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3h  m.  W.  Wake^ 
field.     Pop.  4,083. 

Ossiack,  v.  Austrian  states,  15  oi.  W.  N.  W. 
Clagenfurth. 

Ossiari,  t.  Allegany  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  216. 


J46 


O  S  T 


Ossiek,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistula,  19  m.  W.  S.W. 
Sendomir. 

Ossieri,  t.  island  of  Sardinia,  in  Casrliari.  Pop, 
6,000. 

Ossipee,  t  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  32  m.  N.  E.  Con- 
cord. 'Pop.  1,205.  There  is  a  lake  of  the  same 
name  in  this  township,  and  also  a  mountain. 

Ossipee,  r.  which  flows  from  Ossipee  lake  in 
N.  H.  into  Saco  river  in  Maine.  The  mouth  of 
Little  Ossipee,  is  12  m.  below. 

Ossun,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  7  m.  S.W. 
Tarbes,  15  N.  VV.  Ba^neres.     Pop.  1,800. 

Ossuna,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  48  m.  E.  Seville, 
28  W.  N.  W.  Antequera.     Pop.  15,000. 

Osiabat,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  6  m.  S. 
by  W.  St,  Palais,  9  W.  Mauleon. 

Ostalrick.     See  Hostalric. 

Oslaschkow,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tver.  The  chief 
employments  are  the  manufacture  of  leather,  and 
the  building  of  barks  for  the  navigation  of  the 
Wolga.  108  m.  N.  Tver.  Lon.  33°  12'  21"  E. 
Lat.  57°  9'  40"  N,     Pop.  6,400. 

Oste,  navigable  r.  of  Hanover,  which  rises  in 
Luneburg,  and  falls  into  the  Elbe  near  the  sea. 

Oste7i,  v.  Hanover,  on  the  river  Oste,  1 1  m.  N. 
W.  Stade. 

Ostend,  or  Ostende,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West 
Flanders,  14  m.  W.  Bruges.  Its  old  fortifications, 
also  a  great  earthen  mound,  and  a  moat  around 
the  town,  are  still  kept  up ;  and  the  approach  to  it 
may  be  rendered  very  difficult,  by  inundating  a 
part  of  the  surrounding  country.  The  flat  shore 
of  Flanders  has  few  good  harbours ;  that  of  Os- 
tend is  reckoned  one  of  the  best.  It  communi- 
cates by  canals  with  that  of  Bruges  and  Ghent  on 
the  W.  and  with  Nieuport  on  the  E,  It  exports 
the  produce  of  Flanders,  and,  in  return,  supplies 
it  with  colonial  and  other  foreign  goods.  Since 
the  peace  of  1814,  the  former  communication  be- 
tween Dover  and  Ostend  has  been  renewed ;  reg- 
ular post-office  packets  convey  the  mail  twice  a 
week,  both  from  Dover  to  Ostend,  and  from  Os- 
tend to  Dover.  35  m.  W.  by  N.  Ghent,  66  W.  by 
N.Brussels.  Lon.  2°  55' E,  Lat.  51°  14' N,  Pop. 
10,500. 

Oster,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  39.  m.  S.  Czernigov.  Lon. 
31''14'E.    Lat.  50°  28' N. 

Osterburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  47  m.  N.  Magde- 
burg.    Pop.  1,500. 

Osterby,  t.  Sweden,  in  Upland,  28  m.  N.  Upsal. 

Osterholz,  t.  Hanover,  10  m.  N.  Bremen. 

Oslerode,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Soese,  in  the  moun- 
tainous district  of  the  Harz,  18  m,  N,  E.  Gottin- 
gen.  Lon.  10°  16'  E.  Lat.  51°  44'  N.  Pop. 
4,200. 

Oslerode,  t.  East  Prussia,  38  m.  S.  S.  E.  Elbing. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Osteroe,  one  of  the  Faroe  islands,  in  the  North 
sea,  belonging  to  Denmark,  separated  from  the  E. 
side  of  Stromoe  by  a.  narrow  channel.  Lat.  61° 
50' N. 

Ostersund,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  108  m.  W, 
N.  W.  Hernsand.     Pop.  300. 

OsterwaMe,  pass  in  the  mountains  of  Bohemia, 
to  the  S.  E.  of  Dresden,  remarkable  for  the  obsti- 
nate conflicts  of  30th  and  31st  August  1813,  be- 
tween the  French  under  Vandamme,  and  the  allied 
army. 

Oslericick,  t.  Prussian  Saxonv,  on  the  river  lis, 
15  m.  W.  N.  W.  Halbcrstadt.    "Pop.  2,600. 

Ostheim,  v.  Germany,  in  HeT'c-Ca'^Fel,  19,m.  N, 
Casse!. 


o  s  w 

Ostheim,  Great,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Maine,  4  ue 
N.  E.  Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  1,300, 

Ostheim  near  the  Rhoen,  t.  Bavarian  states,  bu«- 
belonging  to  Saxe-Weimar,  10  m.  S.W.  Mein- 
ungen. 

■  Oslhopen,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  'j 
m.  N.  Worms,     Pop.  l,80a 

Ostia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  near 
the  influx  of  the  Tiber  into  the  Mediterranean. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  In  the  neighbourhood 
are  extensive  salt-works.     14  m.  S.  W.  Rome. 

Osliaks,  one  of  the  most  numerous  tribes  of  Sibe- 
ria, situated  chiefly  upon  the  Obi,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk.  They  are  extremely  hospitable, 
but  very  simple,  timid,  and  full  of  prejudices. 
Fish  forms  the  principal  part  of  their  food.  They 
are  in  general  still  Pagans,  and  addicted  to  many 
practices  of  very  gross  idolatry.  They  regularly 
pay  to  the  Russian  government  their  tribute  ol 
furs.  According  to  the  census  of  1784,  the  Osti- 
aks  of  the  Obi  amounted  to  30,981  males, 

Ostiano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Oglio,  13  m. 
N.  E.  Cremona.     Pop.  3,400. 

Ostiglia,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Po,  12  m.  S.  W.  Legnago. 

Ostiones,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  America.    Lat.  4°  10  N. 

Ostrach,  v.  Germany,  in  HohenzoUern-Sigma 
ringen,  5  m.  E  Pfullendorf.     Pop.  1,100. 

Ostrau,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  on  an 
island  in  the  river  March,  7  m.  S.  Hradisch.  Pop. 
800. 

Ostrifz,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Queiss,  7  m.  S.  Gor- 
litz.     Pop.  1,300. 

Ostrog,  t,  Russian  Poland,  in  Volhynia.  It  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop  of  the  Greek  church. 
57  m.  N.  W.  Constantinov.     Pop.  4,600. 

Oslrogoshk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Voronez,  50  m,  S. 
Voronez,     Pop,  11,000. 

Osfrolcnka,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Narew,  Pop. 
1,100, 

Oslrov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pskov,  on  an  island  in 
the  river  Velikaja,  27  m.  S.  Pskov. 

Oslrova,  I.  Eu.  "rurkey,  in  Macedon,  45  m,  W. 
N.  W.  Salonica, 

Ostrovizza,  t,  Austrian  states,  in  Dalmatia,  14 
m.  N.  Scardona, 

Ostrorno,  v,  Russian  Lithuaniai,  on  the  Dvina, 
17  m.  W.  Vitepsk. 

Ostroiv,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  49  m.  N.  E.  Breslau. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Oslrow,  t.  Poland,  22  m.  N.  E.  Lublin,  Pop 
1,500, 

OstrzeszoiiJ,  or  Schildberg,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  21 
m,  S.  S.  E.  Kalisch.     Pop.  1,100, 

Ostuni,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  near  the  Adriatic. 
34  m.  E,  N.  E.  Taranto,  50  S.  E.  Bari.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bisliop. 

Osioegatchie,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co,  N,  Y.  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  Pop.  1,245.  In  this  town  is  Og- 
dcnsburg,  which  see, 

Oswegatchie,  r.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Ogdensburg,  after 
a  course  of  120  miles. 

Oswego,  CO.  N,  Y.  formed  in  1816  out  of  parts  of 
Oneida  and  Onondaga  counties ;  bounded  N.  by 
Jefferson  co.  E.  by  Lewis  and  Oneida  cos.  S.  by 
Oneida  Ir.ke  and  Onondaga  co.  and  W.  by  Cayuga 
CO.  and  Lake  Ontario. 

Oswego,  p-v.  and  port  of  entry,  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 
on  both  sides  of  the  river  Oswego,  at  its  mouth, 
being  partly  in  ScHba,  and  partly  in  Hannibal.  60 


OTA 

m.  N.  W.  Rome,  173  N.  W.  Albany.  Lon.  76°  35' 
W.  Lat.  43"  28'  N.  The  trade  of  this  place  is 
very  considerable,  and  is  rapidly  increasing.  In 
1  iiOi),  the  value  of  goods  shipped  here  was  $335,000. 
The  amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  was  504  tons. 
Oswego  is  an  important  military  post.  The  fort 
stands  on  the  eastern  shore,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  is  celebrated  in  the  history  of  American 
wars. 

Os2vego,  r.  N.  Y.  which  issues  from  Oneida  lake, 
ind  runs  into  Lake  Ontario.  After  a  very  crook- 
ed course  of  18  miles,  it  receives  the  Seneca  river, 
whence  to  its  mouth  is  24  miles.  At  the  mouth  of 
the  river  there  33  a  safe  and  good  harbour,  with 
two  fiithoms  water.  The  channel  is  commanded 
by  a  well  built  fort,  on  an  eminence  E.  of  the  riv- 
er. By  means  of  locks  and  canals  tliis  river  is 
made  navigable. 

Oswef[o  Falls,  p-v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

Ostreil,  v.  Wirtemberg,  near  Ludwigsburg. 
Pop.  i,100. 

Osuaidwhistle,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Blackburn.     Pop.  3,512. 

Oswestry,  borough  t.  Eng.  in  Salop  co.  It  has 
some  manufactures  and  a  considerable  trade.  18 
m.  N.  VV.  Shrewsbury,  180  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
'J"3'W.    Lat.  52"  51' N.     Pop.  3,497. 

Oszmiano,  Oschmiano,  or  Osmiana,  t.  Russian 
Lithuania,  30  m.  E.  S.  E.  Wilna. 

Otabalo,  or  Olavalo,  a  province  of  Quito,  12 
leagues  long  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  Otabalo,  or  Ota- 
calo,  the  capital,  is  30  m.  N.  E.  Quito,  167  S.  S. 
W.  Potosi.  Lon.  78°  5'  W.  Lat.  13"  3'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Otaha,  one  of  the  Society  islands,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  situated  N.  ofUlietea.  Lon.  151"  20' W. 
Lat.  W  53'  S. 

Olaheite,  or  King  George  the  Third'*  s  Island, 
isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  consisting  of  two  peninsu- 
las coanected  by  a  low  isthmus  about  three  miles 
across.  The  larger,  Otaheite  Nooe,  is  about  90 
miles  in  circumference,  and  nearly  circular  ;  the 
lesser,  or  Tiaraboo,  is  about  30  miles.  The  island 
has  a  border  of  low  land,  reaching  from  the  beach 
to  the  rising  of  the  hills,  in  some  places  near  a 
mile,  in  others  hardly  a  furlong,  and  in  several 
jjoints  the  mountains  abruptly  terminate  in  high 
cliffs,  against  which  the  sea  beats,  and  form  difti- 
;ult  passages  from  one  district  to  another.  The 
•oil  of  the  low  lands,  and  of  the  vallies,  which  run 
ap  from  the  sea  between  the  mountains,  is  re- 
iiarkably  fertile,  consisting  of  a  rich  blackish 
3iould.  In  the  higher  regions  is  found  the  pre- 
vious sandal-wood,  whence  the  natives  chiefly 
draw  the  perfume  for  the  cocoa-nut  oil,  with 
which  they  anoint  themselves.  The  bay  of  Mata- 
vai  affords  safe  anchorage  during  eight  months  of 
rhe  year,  but  is  dangerous  from  December  to 
March.  The  inhabitants  of  this  island  are  above 
he  common  size,  and  the  chiefs  are  a  larger  race, 
ew  of  them  being  under  six  feet.  The  men  are 
all,  strong,  well  limbed,  and  finely  shaped. 

The  government  is  monarchical,  and  hereditary 
.n  one  family.  There  is  also  an  aristocracy,  con- 
sisting of  the  chiefs  of  the  several  districts,  some 
>f  whom  are  supreme  in  one  district,  and  exercise 
in  their  own  territories  all  regal  power,  yet  still 
iubject  to  the  monarch  as  their  sovereign  para- 
mount. The  produce  of  this  island  is  bread-fruit, 
cocoa-nuts,  bananas  of  thirteen  sorts ;  plantains, 
a  fruit  not  unlike  an  apple,  which,  when  ripe,  is 
very  pleasant  •   ^weet  potatoei,  yams,  cocoas,  a 


O  T  E 


;47 


kind  of  arum ;  a  fruit  known  here  by  the  name  of 
jambu,  and  reckoned  most  delicious  ;  and  sugar- 
cane, which  the  inhabitants  eat  raw.  All  these, 
and  many  others,  the  earth  produces  spontane- 
ously, or  with  little  culture. 

During  the  last  eight  or  ten  years,  a  great 
change  has  talcen  place  in  this,  as  well  as  in  the 
neighbouring  island  Eimeo ;  arjd  also  in  several 
other  of  the  Georgian  and  Society  islands.  lu 
the  year  \1QQ,  the  London  missionary  society 
sent  out  to  Otaheite,  and  other  islands  of  the 
South  seas,  a  number  of  missionaries,  to  com- 
municate the  Christian  religion  to  the  natives, 
who  gladly  received  them,  as  well  as  several 
others  that  were  afterwards  sent  out  in  the  year 
1800.  In  consequence  of  disturbances  in  Ota- 
heite in  1799,  several  of  the  missionaries  were 
obliged  to  take  refuge  in  New  South  Wales,  some 
of  whom  afterwards  returned  to  the  islands.  For 
a  period  ol' fifteen  years,  they  laboured,  with  very 
little  success,  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  natives 
from  their  cruel  rites  and  superstitions,  to  the  su- 
'^perior  claims  of  the  Christian  faith.  At  length, 
in  the  year  1814,  the  number  in  Otaheite,  and  the 
neighbouring  island  of  Eimeo  amounted  to  about 
fifty,  who  had  voluntarily  renounced  idolatry,  and 
embraced  Christianity.  From  this  time  acces- 
sions were  gradually  made  to  the  numbers  of  the 
native  Christians,  until  at  length  the  whole  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Otaheite,  and  of  seven  or  eight  of 
the  neigbouring  islands,  with  very  few  exceptions, 
voluntarily  renounced  idolatry,  and  embraced 
Christianity.  They  have  in  consequence  relin- 
quished their  former  cruel  and  degrading  super- 
stitions, and  now  assemble  in  congregations  of  400 
or  500,  and  occasionally  700  or  800  persons,  in 
general  decently  attired,  for  the  purpose  of  Chris- 
tian worship.  About  6,000  in  the  several  islands 
have  learned  to  read  in  the  Taheitean  language, 
which  the  missionaries  have  given  them  in  a 
written  form.  In  the  schools,  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  are  taught.  The  natives  also, 
with  singular  industry,  teach  each  other.  Thus 
knowledge  is  propagated  in  all  directions.  Some 
of  the  missionaries  who  are  best  acquainted  with 
the  language,  are  employed  in  the  translation  of 
the  holy  scriptures.  The  increase  of  the  popula- 
tion of  Otaheite,  in  consequence  of  these,  and  oth- 
er co-operating  causes,  is  already  visible.  A  gen- 
eral reformation  of  manners  has  followed  the  in- 
troduction of  Christianity.  The  Areoy  societies 
are  suppressed,  the  practice  of  infanticide  no  lon- 
ger exists,  and  human  sacrifices  are  abolish- 
ed. Many  other  degrading  practices  and  super- 
stitions have  been  relinquished  ;  and  the  despotic 
authority  of  the  sovereign,  who  is  himself  a  bap- 
tised convert  of  the  missionaries,  is  superseded  by 
a  code  of  laws.  The  useful  arts  have  been  intro- 
duced. The  dwellings  of  the  chiefs  and  people 
have  been  improved,  villages  have  been  formefli, 
and  families  induced  to  live  separately,  in  distinct 
houses,  instead  of  being  huddled  together  in  one. 
Land  also  has  been  inclosed,  and  the  cultivation 
of  sugar  commenced  on  a  small  scale. 

Otakootai,  or  Wenooaette,  isl. in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
3  miles  in  circumference,  discovered  by  can- 
tain  Cook  in  1777.  Lon.  201"  37'  E.  Lat.  19' 
SI'S. 

Otchakov.     See  Oczakov. 

Olego,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  W.  Coon  • 
er'town,  86  W.  Albany.     Fop.  1,000. 


54S 


O  T  T 


Otego  Creek,  r.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs  in- 
to the  Susquehanuah,  in  the  town  of  Otego,  after 
a  course  of  28  miles. 

Otis,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S.  E.  Len- 
ox, 1 1 6  W.  BoEton.  Pop.  1,111.  It  formerly  con- 
stituted two  towns,  Bethlehem  and  Loudon. 

OHsco,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  87  m.  S.  Ononda- 
go  lake,  50  W.  Utica.     Pop.  759. 

OHsco  Creek,  r.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  Onondaga  lake. 

Oti^Jield,  t.  Cumberland  co.  iMaine,  40  m.  N. 
Portland.     Pop.  912. 

Otlep,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river  Wharf, 
10  m.  N.  W.  Leeds,  202  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
r  42'  W.  Lat.  63°  54'  N.    Pop.  2,602. 

Otoque,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Panama,  30  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Panama.     Lon.  W  20'  AV.  Lat.  8"  30'  N. 

Otranto,  or  Terra  d'  Olranto,  a  peninsular  prov- 
ince forming  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  the  kingdom 
of  Naples,  having  the  gulf  of  Taranto  on  the  W. 
and  the  Adriatic  on  the  E.  Extent,  2,600  square 
miles.  Pop.  292,000.  The  most  important  pro- 
duct is  olives,  whole  forests  of  which  grow  wild. 

Otranto,  t.  in  the  above  province,  on  the  Adri- 
atic, tolerably  fortified,  but  miserably  built.  Its 
harbour  is  indifferent.  33  m.  E.  bv  JV  Gallipoli, 
80  E.  by  S.  Taranto.  Lon.  18°  20' E.  Lat.  40°  30' 
N.     Pop.  2,400. 

Otranto  Capo  di,  cape,  Italy,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Adriatic,  a  few  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Otranto. 

Otrar,  or  Farab,  t.  Independent  Tartary,  on  the 
Arsch,  110  m.  N.  W.  Toncat. 

Otricoli,  t.  States  of  the  Church,  36  m.N.  Rome. 

Otsego,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Herkimer  and 
Montgomery  cos.  E.  by  Schoharie  co  S.  by  Dela- 
ware CO.  and  W,  by  Chenango  and  Madison  cos. 
Pop.  38,667.     Chief  town,  Cooperstown. 

Otsego,  L  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  3,810.  In  this 
town  is  the  village  of  Coopersfoirn,  which  see. 

Otsego,  lake  in  the  N.  part  of  the  above  county, 
9  miles  long  and  3  broad,  from  which  the  Susque- 
hanuah takes  its  rise.     It  abounds  with  fine  fish. 

Otselic,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

Olselic  Creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  the  Tioughni- 
bga,  after  a  course  of  43  miles. 

Otsqiiaga  Creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  S. 
side  of  the  Mohav/k  between  Minden  and  Canajo- 
harie,  after  a  course  of  23  miles. 

Ottawa,  or  Nottaina,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
drclcofl'rachir,  which  falls  intotiic  Moldau. 

Ottaira,  or  Utawtt,  r.  which  rises  in  the  moun- 
tains on  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Huron,  and  flows  hito 
the  river  St.  Lawrence  above  Montreal,  after  a 
course  of  500  miles.  It  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Upper  Canada  and  Lower  Canada.  It  is 
obstructed  by  numerous  rapids,  and  lisw  rivers  of 
equal  length  discharge  so  great  a  quantity  of  wa- 
ter. There  are  settlements  on  the  banks  of  the  Ot- 
tawa for  the  distance  of  between  100  and  200 
miles. 

Ottenau,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Murg,  7  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Rastadt.     Pop.  900. 

Ottenbach,  v.  Switz.  on  the  Reuss,  9  ro.  S.  W, 
Zurich. 

Oltejihevr,  v.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  7  m.  W.  N. 
W.Lahr.     Pop.  1,000. 

Otlensen,  v.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  2  m.  W.  Al- 
tona.  Here  is  the  burial  place  and  monument  of 
KloDstock.     Pop.  1,500. 

Ottenstcin,  t.  Prussian  States,  32  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Munster. 

Otter  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
near  Cape  Ray. 


o  u  c 

Otierbtrg,  t  Bavarian  States,  5  m.  N.  Kaiserslaa- 
tern.     Pop.  1,400. 

Ottcrbourne,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  4  m.  S.  S.  W, 
Winchester.     Pop.  454. 

Otter  Bridge,  p-v.  Bedford  co.  Va. 

Oiler  creek,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in  the  W,  part  of 
the  State,  and  running  W.  of  N.  passes  by  Rutland, 
Middlebury,  and  Vergennes,  and  falls  into  Lake 
Cluimplain,  at  Ferrisburgh.  It  is  navigable  for 
sloops  6  miles,  to  Vergennes. 

Otter  creek,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Staunton, 
in  about  lon.  79^30'  W.  lat.  36°  55'  N. 

Otter  creek,  r.  Indiana,  which  flows  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Wabash  H  m.  above  Fort  Harrison.  It 
is  a  fine  mill  stream. 

Ottenidorf,  t.  Hanover,  in  Bremen,  25  m.  N.  W, 
Stade.     Pop.  1,800. 

Otleroe.     See  Christiansand. 

Ottersberg,  t.  Hanover,  in  Bremen,  17  m.  E.  by 
N.  Bremen.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ottersleben,  Great,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  near 
Magdebui^.     Pop.  1,100. 

Ottery,  St.  Mary,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the 
Otter.  It  carries  on  some  manufactures  of  flannel, 
serge,  and  other  woollen  goods.  10  m.  E.  Exeter, 
160  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  17'  W.  Lat.  50°  45'  N. 
Pop.  2,880. 

Otticotta,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  80°  1' 
E.  Lat.  13"  21' N. 

Olimachau,  t.  Prussian  States,  6  m.  W.  Neisse-^ 
Pop.  1,600. 

Ottobeuren,  or  Ottenbeuren,  t.  Bavaria,  34  m.  B. 
S.  E.  Ulm,  40  S.  W.  Augsburg.    Pop.  2,000. 

Otlojano,  or  Otlajano,  i.  Italy,  at  the  base  of 
Mount  Vesuvius,  12  m.  E.  Naples.  The  town 
and   district  contain  about  14,000  inhabitants. 

Otloschacz,  t.  Austrian  States,  6  m.  W,  Fiume. 

Oltsi'ille,  p-v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Ottieeiler,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  15  m.  N.  Saarbruck,  31  S.  E.  Treves. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Otumba,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  province  in  Mexico,  26 
m.  N.  E.  Mexico.     Lon.  98°  44'  W.  Lat.  19°  40  N. 

Otungurra,  i.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  42'  E. 
Lat.  23°  N. 

Otway,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.   Lon.  143°  29'  E.  Lat.  38°  51'  S. 

Ouac/iilla.     See  Wachitta.  -. 

Oualalde.     See  Oalalde.  ^"^\ 

Ouaimc,  t.  France,  in  Yonnc,  12  m.  S.  WixAus-- 
crre.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ouaquaphenogaiv.     See  Okefonoccr. 

Ovar,  t.  Portugal,  near  tlie  coast,  22  m.  S.  B.  \' 
Oporto.     Pop.  5,000. 

Ouarahiche,  r.  Guiana,  which  after  a  course 
75  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  by  numerous  stream: 
in  lat.  9°  49'  N. 

Ouarangve,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  1 1^  32'  N. 

Oitnrnlle,  t.  France,  in  Eure-and-Loir,  15  m. 
S.  E.  Chartres.     Pop.  800. 

Ouetsioto,  mountains  in  Virginia  and  Nortli- 
Carolina,  N.  W.  of  the  Laurel  mountains.  They 
are  50  or  60  miles  wide  at  the  Gap,  and  450  long, 
from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  They  abound  in  coal,  lime, 
and  freestone. 

Ouch,  t.  Hind,  in  Moultan,  tributary  to  the 
Ameers  of  Sinde.     Lon.  70°  50'  E.  Lat.  30°  la  N. 

Ouche,  r.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Saone,  12  m.  below  Dijon. 

Oitchy,  or  Rive,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the 
lake  of  Geneva,  1  jc,  S.  Lausanne. 


Pf\ 


O  V  E 


O  U  N 


549 


Oudanula,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
G  anges.     Lou.  87°  45'  E.  Lat.  24°  55'  N. 

Ovd-Bei/erland,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Hol- 
land, 14  m.  W .  Uort.     Pop.  2,400. 

Ouddorp,  V.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  25 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,000. 

Oude,  province,  Hind,  between  26°  and  28°  N. 
lat.  bounded  N.  by  Nepaul,  E.  by  Bahar,  S.  by  Al- 
lahabad, and  W.  by  Delhy  and  A»ra,  250  miles 
long  by  100  broad.  The  whole  surface  of  this 
province  is  flat,  extremely  fertile,  and  well  water- 
ed by  large  rivers.  When  properly  cultivated, 
the  land  is  exceedingly  productive,  yielding  good 
crops  of  wheat,  barley,  rice,  and  a  variety  of  other 
grains,  cotton,  sugar-cane,  indigo,  and  poppies. 
The  inhabitants  are  about  one  third  Mahometans, 
the  remainder  are  Hindoos  of  all  casts.  Oude  is 
much  celebrated  in  the  ancient  historical  poems, 
as  the  kingdom  of  the  famous  demigod  Rama.  The 
nabob  is  to  a  great  extent  under  the  control  of  the 
British.  His  revenues  are  estimated  at  two  mill- 
ions sterling. 

Oude,  or  Ayodhya,  the  ancient  capital  of  the 
above  province,  and  long  the  residence  of  a  Hin- 
doo dynasty,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Dewah  or  Go- 
gra  river.  After  the  battle  of  Buxar  (1764^  the 
nabob  founded  the  city  of  Fyzbad,  on  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  capital,  and  Oude  is  now  in  a  ruinous 
state.     Lon,  82°  10'  E.  Lat.  26°  45'  N. 

Oudt  Haske,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  18  m. 
S.  by  E.  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  900. 

Oudeiiarde,  or  Axuienarde,  t.  Netherlands,  in 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt  It  is  unfortified, 
but  well  built,  and  carries  on  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen.  It  has  sustained  several  sieges, 
but  is  best  known  in  history  from  the  memorable 
victory  gained  over  the  French,  in  1708,  by  prince 
Eugene  and  the  duke  of  Marlborough.  15  m.  S. 
by  W.  Ghent,  32  W.  Brussels. 

Oudenborg,  t.  Netherlands,  11  m.  W.  S.  W.  Bru- 
ges.    Pop.  900. 

Oxidenbosch,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
11  m.  W.  Breda.     Pop.  1,700. 

Oude-Pelcel-A,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Groningen,  S 
in.  S.  by  W.  Winschoten.     Pop.  3,000. 

Ouderkerk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on 
the  Yssel,  6  m.  E.  by  N.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,400. 

Oouderkerk,  v.  Netherlands,  on  the  Amstel,  4  m. 
S,  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1,700. 

Oudewater,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Utrecht,  on  the 
Yssel,  12  m.  W.  S.  W.  Utrecht.     Pop.  1,700. 

Oudghir,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  belonging  to  the 
Nizam.     Lon.  77°  25'  E.  Lat.  18°  19'  N. 

Oudipore.    See  Odeypoor. 

Oudon,  t.  France,  in  Loire-Inferieui*e,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Loire,  14  m.  "N.  E.  Nantes.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Oudshoorn,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Rhine,  8  m.  E.  Leyden.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Ovelgonne,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Oldenburg,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Oldenberg.     Pop.  900. 

Quelle,  small  r.  Lower  Canada,  which,  after  a 
course  of  little  more  than  10  miles,  falls  into  the 
E.side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  40  miles  below 
the  island  of  Orleans. 

Ovenden,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  H  m.  N.  W. 
Halifax.     Pop.  4,752. 

Over,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  5  m.  W.  Middlewich, 
168  N.  W.  by  N.  London.     Pop.  1,796. 

Overalls,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Orerflacque,  or  Zuidvoom,  isl.  Netherlands,  at 
Ae  influx  of  the  Maese  iato  the  German  ocean. 


Overmeere,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders,  10 
m.  E.  Ghent.     Pop.  2,650. 

Ouero,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  in  lon.  87°  45'  W.  lat.  15°  13'  N. 

Overschie,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  4 
m.  W.  by  N.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2,300. 

Overton,  v.  Eng.  in  Hants,  3  m.  E.  N.  E.  White- 
church,  54  W.  S.  W.  London.     Pop.  1,178. 

Overton,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop.  5,643,  in- 
cluding 355  slaves.  Monroe  is  the  chief  town.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-oflice. 

Overysschie,  or  Js''otre  Dame  au  Bois,  t.  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Brabant,  9  m.  S.  E.  Brussels.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Overyssel,  province,  Netherlands,  having  Gel- 
derland  on  the  S.  W,  and  Hanover  and  Westphalia 
on  the  E.  The  surface  is  level,  lies  low,  and  con- 
tains large  tracts  of  marshy  ground.  The  chief 
exports  are  cattle,  butter,  cheese,  tallow,  hides, 
wool,  and  turf ;  also  lineu  and  timber.  Pop, 
147,000. 

Ouessant.     See  Ushant. 

Oufa,  city,  A.  Russia,  cap.  of  the  government  of 
Orenburg,  on  the  banks  of  the  Belaia,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Oufa.  The  neighbourhood  is 
inhabited  by  a  race  of  Tartars,  who  appear  to  be 
the  most  diligent  and  industrious  cultivators  of  any 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Siberia.  Lon.  56°  1 8'  E.  Lat. 
54°42'N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Ouiaton,  or  Ouitanon,  v.  and  fort,  Indiana,  on 
the  Ns  side  of  the  Wabash,  402  m.  above  its 
mouth,  130  above  Vincennes.  Lon.  87°  58'  W. 
Lat.  40°  30'  N.  The  Wabash  is  navigable  to  this 
place  with  keel  boats. 

Ovid,  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  between  Seneca 
and  Cayuga  lakes,  22  m.  S.  Geneva,  205  W.  Al- 
bany. Pop.  4,535.  It  contains  4  churches.  This 
town  produces  excellent  wheat. 

Ovidiopol,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Cherson,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dnieper,  22  m.  S.  S.  W.  Odessa. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Oviedo,  t.  Spain,  cap.  of  Asturias,  in  a  plain  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Ovia  and  the  Nora,  which 
fall  into  the  Nalon.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has 
an  elegant  cathedral.  60  m.  N.  Leon,  130  W.  N. 
W.  Burgos.  Lon.  5°  56'  W.  Lat.  43"  55'  N.  Pop. 
7,500. 

Ouisconsin,  r.  Norlh-West  Territory,  which 
runs  into  the  Mississippi  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  It 
is  important  as  being  a  route  of  communication 
between  the  great  Lakes  and  the  river  Mississip- 
pi. The  Ouisconsin  is  a  rapid  river,  4  feet  deep, 
full  of  sand  bars,  that  are  constantly  shifting.  The 
bars  have  only  8  or  10  inches  water,  but  being  of 
quicksand,  boats  easily  push  through  them.  About 
150  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  the  portage  between 
this  river  and  Fox  river,  which  flows  into  Green 
bay.  This  portage  is  only  1|  miles  long. 
Ouitanon.     See  Ouiaton. 

Oukesima,  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Tonquin,  30  m.  in  circumference.  Lon.  105" 
42'  E.  Lat.  18°  44'  N. 

Oulabareah,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Bhagarutty  or  Hoogly  river,  80  ra.  fr.  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  20  below  Calcutta. 

Oulard,  t.  Ireland,  in  "Wexford  co.  5  m.  N. 
Wexford. 

Oulx,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  junction  of  the  Doria 
with  the  Bardonechia,  42  m.  W.  by  S.  Turin. 
Fop.  1,200^ 

Ound,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  9  m.  from  Poona. 
Oundle,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton,  77  m.  N.  Lon« 
don.    Lon.  0°  28'  W,  Lat.  52°  30'  N.    Pop.  I,b85. 


550 


OUR 


Ovo,  small  isL  Greece,  in  the  gulf  of  IVapoli  di 
Romania,  from  which  town  it  is  separated  by  a 
narrow  strait.  It  has  a  strong  fort  called  Castello 
deirOva.     Lon.  25"  27'  E.  Lat.  35°  39'  N. 

Oioca,  i\  Ireland,  in  Wicklow,  which  runs  into 
the  sea,  a  little  below  Arklow. 

Oural  Mountains,  a  very  lofty  and  extensive 
range,  which,  during  the  greater  part  of  its  con  rse, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Northern  Asia  and 
Russia  in  Europe,  This  great  chain  appears  to 
take  its  commencement  in  the  territory  of  the 
Kirghises,  between  the  Caspian  and  the  Aral ; 
thence  it  stretches  almost  due  N.  along  the  sour- 
ces of  the  Oural,  the  Tobol,  the  Emba,  the  Pet- 
chora,  and  the  Sosva.  From  the  last  point  its 
line  is  very  imperfectly  known,  but  it  is  supposed 
to  stretch  nearly  parallel  to  the  Obi,  till  it  reach- 
es the  shore  of  the  Frozen  ocean,  which  it  crosses, 
and  extends  through  the  whole  length  of  Nova 
Zembla.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts,  the  Oural 
of  the  Kirghises,  the  Oural  rich  in  mines,  and  the 
desert  Oural.  The  first  and  last  are  very  imper- 
fectly known.  The  second  contains  extensive 
mines  of  iron  and  copper,  with  some  of  gold,  for 
the  working  of  which  considerable  establishments 
have  been  formed. 

Oural,  formerly  Yaik,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  rises 
in  the  Oural  mountains,  in  about  54"  N.  lat.  and 
falls  into  the  Caspian  sea,  nearly  in  47"  N.  lat. 
^nd  53"  E.  Ion. 

Ouralsk,  capital  city  of  the  Cossacs  of  the  Ou- 
ral, on  the  banks  of  that  river.  The  Cossacs  who 
inhabit  it  amount  to  3,600  males,  who  are  divided 
into  seven  regiments.  The  place  is  pahsadoed, 
and  surrounded  with  an  irregular  rampart.  Lon. 
52"  6' E.  Lat.  50"  11' N. 

Ourcfia,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  and  district  of 
Bundelcund.  The  territories  of  the  rajah  of  Our- 
cha  consist  of  the  town,  and  a  small  district  around 
it,  which  in  the  year  1790,  yielded  an  annual  rev- 
enue of  12,000/.    Lat.  22"  23'  N. 

Ourcq,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Marne 
near  Lisy.  Its  water  is  pure,  and  is  conveyed  by 
a  canal  to  Paris,  for  the  supply  of  that  city. 

Ourem,  i.  Portugal,  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Leyria.  Pop. 
3,800. 

Ourfa,  or  Orfa,  the  Pachalic  of,  a  division  of 
Asiatic  'Turkey.  It  touches  on  the  N.  and  E.  the 
pachalic  of  Diarbekir,  while  on  the  S.  and  W.  it 
is  separated  by  the  Euphrates  from  the  deserts  of 
Syria. 

Ourfa,  capital  of  the  above  pachalic.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  considerable  inland  trade,  being  a  thor- 
oughfare for  tlie  caravans  who  pass  from  Aleppo 
into  the  interior  of  Persia.  It  is  noted  also  for 
the  preparation  of  Turkey  leather.  The  inhabi- 
tants, composed  of  Turks,  Arab?,  Armenians, 
Jews,  and  Nestorians,  are  said  to  amount  to  about 
20,000.     Loii.  .38"  25'  E.  Lat.  36"  50'  N. 

Ourique,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alcntejo,  89  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Lisbon.     Pop.  2,300. 

Ouro,  Rio  dc,  r.  which  runs  through  the  Sahara, 
in  W.  Africa,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat. 
■IT  30'  N. 

Ouro,  Rio  de,  r.  E.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Indian  sea,  in  lat.  24°  25  S. 

Ouroe,  email  k\.  Denmark,  in  the  Isefiord  gulf, 
near  the  coast  of  Zealand,  4  m.  N.  E.  Holbeck. 
Lon.ll°  50'  E.  Lat.  55"  46'  N. 

Ourry'^f  Island,  or  New  Aldemey,  one  of  the 
Queen  Charlotte's  islands,  about  10  miles  long, 
»n.a  5  broad.    Lon.  1G5°  19' E.  Lat.  11°  IC  8. 


O  W  H 

Otfuca,  or  Ovratsch,  t.  Russian  Poland,  in  Vol- 
hynia,  68  m.  N.  N.  E.  Zytomiers. 

Ourville,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  30  m.  N. 
W.  Rouen.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ousc,  r.  Eng.  which  forms  the  main  drain  for  all 
the  waters  in  the  N.  E.  district  of  Yorkshire.  It 
is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Ure  and  the 
Swale,  and,  after  receiving  the  Nid,  the  Wharf, 
the  Derwent,  and  the  Aire,  unites  with  the  Trent 
to  form  the  H  umber. 

Ouse,  Great,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  in  Nortliamp- 
tonshire,  and  falls  into  the  sea  at  Lynn  Regis.  It 
is  navigable  above  Downham,  where  there  is  a 
good  harbor  for  barges. 

Ouse,  Little,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  in  Suffolk,  and 
dividing  that  county  from  Norfolk,  falls  into  the 
Great  Ouse  near  Downham. 

Ouse,  or  Grand  River,  r.  Upper  Canada,  which 
rises  in  the  interior  of  the  country,  towards  lake 
Huron,  and  falls  into  lake  Erie.  There  is  a  bar 
across  its  mouth,  on  which  there  is  a  depth  of  8 
feet.  It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  for  many 
miles. 

Oust,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  9  m.  S.  E.  St.  Gi- 
ron.     Pop.  1,300. 

Outard  Bay,  bay,  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  68"  15'  W.  Lat.  42° 
2'N. 

Outchang-fou,  city,  China,  cap.  of  Houquang, 
and  one  of  the  largest  cities  in  the  world,  on  the 
great  river  Yang-tse-kiang,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Han,  by  which,  and  by  its  position  almost  in 
the  centre  of  the  empire,  it  enjoys  an  easy  com- 
mercial intercourse  with  almost  every  part  of 
China.  The  river,  though  nearly  500  miles  from 
the  sea,  is  deep  enough  to  float  the  largest  ships. 

Ou-lcheou,  city,  China,  in  Quang-see.  Lon. 
110"  32' E.  Lat  23"  28' N. 

Outeyro,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras-los-Montes,  11m. 
E.  S.  E.  Braganza. 

Outing,  city,  China,  in  Y'"unan.  Lon.  102"  G'E. 
Lat.  25"  53'  N. 

Ouvillc,  t.  {""ranee,  in  Lower  Seine,  9  m.  N.  by 
E.Yvetot.     Pop.  600. 

Ousuer  le  Marchc,  t.  France^  20  m.  W.  Orleans. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Ouzuer  sur  Tressee,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  9  m. 
E.Gien.     Pop.  1,200. 

Owasco,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Owasco  lake, 
3  m.  S.  E.  Auburn.     Pop.  946. 

Owasco,  lake,  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  11  miles  long, 
and  1  i  broad.  It  communicates  by  Owasco  creek 
with  Seneca  river. 

Owego,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehan- 
nah,  10  m.  S.  Spencer,  170  S.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
1,083.  Here  are  numerous  mills,  and  a  brisk 
trade  is  carried  on,  particularly  in  salt,  gypsum, 
and  plaster,  from  Onondaga  county.  A  printing- 
press  is  established  here. 

Oivego  Creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  near  the  village  of  Owego,  after  a 
course  of  25  miles. 

Owen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  18  m.  S.  E.  Stutgard. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Oiven,  CO.  Ken.  adjoining  Franklin  county. 

Owen's  Tavern,  p-v.  Middlesex  co.  Va. 

Owey,  small  isl.  of  the  Atlantic,  near  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Ireland.    Lon.  6"  21'  W.  Lat.  55"  3'  N. 

Owharree,  harbor,  on  the  W.  co'iat  of  Huaheine, 
one  of  the  Society  islands.  Lon.  151°  8'  W.  Lat. 
16°54'S. 

Owliyhee,  isl.  in  the  North  Pacific  ocean,  the 


O  X  F 

most  easterly,  and  by  much  the  largest  of  the 
Sandwich  islands.  It  is  of  a  triangular  shape,  97 
miles  long,  78  broad,  and  containing  4,000  square 
miles.  I'he  northern  extremity  is  in  Ion.  204°  2' 
"E.  lat.  20"  17'  N.  The  whole  island  is  divided  in- 
to six  large  districts.  Amakooa  and  Aheado,  which 
lie  on  the  N.  E.  side ;  Apoona  and  Kaoo,  on  the  S. 
£. ;  Akona  and  Koaarta,  on  the  W.  The  dis- 
tricts of  Amakooa  and  Aheado  are  separated  by  a 
mountain,  called  Mouna  Kaah,  or  The  Mountain 
Kaah,  which  rises  in  three  peaks,  perpetually  cov- 
ered with  snow,  and  may  be  clearly  seen  at  120 
miles  distance.  The  height  is  estimated  at  18,400 
feet.  To  the  north  of  this  mountain  the  coast  con- 
sists of  high  and  abrupt  cliffs.  The  coast  of  Ahe- 
ado is  of  a  moderate  height,  and  the  interior  parts 
appear  more  even  than  the  country  to  the  N.  W. 
and  leas  broken  by  ravines.  The  coast  to  the  N. 
E.  of  Apoona,  which  forms  the  eastern  extremity 
of  the  island,  is  low  and  flat  ;  and  the  whole  coun- 
try covered  with  cocoa-nut  and  bread-fruit  trees. 
The  coast  of  Kaoo  presents  a  prospect  of  the  most 
horrid  and  dreary  kind ;  the  whole  country  ap- 
pearing to  have  undergone  a  total  change,  from 
the  effects  of  some  dreadful  convulsion.  The 
|;round  is  every  where  covered  with  cinders,  and 
intersected  in  many  places  with  black  streaks, 
which  seem  to  mark  the  course  of  a  lava  that  has 
flowed  not  many  ages  back,  from  the  mountains 
to  the  shore.  The  southern  promontory  looks 
like  the  mere  dregs  of  a  volcano.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  dismal  aspect  of  this  part  of  the  island, 
there  are  many  villages  scattered  over  it.  The 
S.  W.  parts  of  Akona  are  in  the  same  state  with 
Kaoo  ;  but  farther  to  the  N.  the  country  has  been 
cultivated  with  great  pains,  and  is  extremely  pop- 
ulous. In  this  part  of  the  island  is  situated  Kara- 
kakooa  bay.  Koaarta  extends  from  the  western- 
most point  to  the  N.  extremity  of  the  island  ;  the 
whole  coast  between  them  forming  an  extensive 
bay,  called  Toe-yah-yah.  The  country  is  fruit- 
ful and  well  inhabited.  On  the  25th  of  February, 
1794,  Tamaalimaah,  king  of  Owhyee,  in  council 
with  the  principal  chiefs  of  the  island,  assembled 
on  board  his  Britannic  majesty's  sloop  Discovery, 
in  Karakakooa  bay,  unanimously  ceded  the  island 
to  his  Britannic  majesty,  and  acknowledged  them- 
selves to  be  subjects  of  Great  Britain.  It  was  on 
this  island  that  the  celebrated  captain  Cook  was 
killed  on  the  14th  of  February  1779.  See  Sand- 
irich  Islands. 

Owingsrille,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Kentucky. 

Owl  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Mohiccon 
to  form  Whitewoman's  creek. 

OwVs  Head,  the  W.  cape  at  the  entrance  of 
Penobscot  bay,  Maine. 

Oicl's  Head,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Lon.62°50'W.  Lat.  44°  42' N. 

Owlah,  city,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  and  district  of  Ba- 
reily,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Harowly  river.  Lon. 
79°  35'  E.  Lat.  28°  10' N. 

Owrnm,  North,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  N.  E. 
by  N.  Halifax.     Pop.  5,306. 

Owram,  South,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  S.  E. 
Halifax.     Pop.  3,615. 

Owslebury,  t.  Eng.  in  Southamptonshire,  5  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Winchester.     Pop.  513. 

Oxbow,  Great)  a  remarkable  bend  of  the  river 
Connecticut,  in  the  township  of  Newbury,  Ver- 
mont, containing  450  acres  of  the  finest  meadow 
land. 

Oxen  Creek,  r.  George  co.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac  opposite  Alexandria. 

Oxford,  one  of  the  central  coiinties  of  England, 


O  X  F 


551 


bounded  E.  by  Buckinghamshire,  W.  by  Glouces- 
ter, S.  S.  W.  and  S.  E.  by  Berkshire,  N.  by  North, 
amptonshire,  and  N.  W.  by  Warwickshire.  Pop 
in  1811,  119,191. 

Oxford,  city,  Eng.  in  Oxford  co.  the  chief  town 
of  the  county,  and  greatly  celebrated  as  a  seat  of 
learning ;  its  university,  from  the  extent  and  num- 
ber of  its  buildings  and  institutions,  and  the  wealth 
of  its  endowments,  being  by  fur  the  greatest  in  the 
world,  and  only  approached  in  these  respects  by 
Cambridge.  It  is  delightfully  situated  on  a  gentle 
eminence,  in  a  valley,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
rivers  Isis  and  Cherwell.  The  air  is  pure,  and 
the  situation  remarkably  healthy  and  agreeable. 
The  High-street  is  the  most  beautiful  in  the  world 
for  its  length  and  breadth,  for  the  number  and  el- 
egance  of  its  public  buildings,  and  for  its  remarka- 
ble curvature,  which  continually  presenting  new 
combinations  of  magnificent  objects  to  the  specta- 
tor as  he  advances,  produces  an  uncommonly 
striking  effect. 

The  university  of  Oxford  consists  of  20  colleges 
and  4  halls,  each  of  which  forms  an  establishment 
within  itself,  having  its  own  students  and  teach- 
ers, and  its  own  revenues  and  regulations,  while 
they  are  all  united  under  the  government  of  the 
university,  of  which  they  form  the  members.  The 
students  live  all  in  their  respective  colleges,  either 
wholly  at  their  own  expense,  or  partly  at  that  of 
the  university  ;  they  wear  a  peculiar  dress,  and 
on  their  entrance  become  members  of  the  univer- 
sity. The  university  acts  as  a  corporate  .body, 
under  a  charter  which  received  the  royal  assent 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  The  officers  by  which 
the  university  is  immediately  governed,  are  the 
chancellor,  the  high  steward,  the  vice  chancellor, 
and  two  proctors.  In  addition  to  private  officers 
in  each  college  and  hall,  who  see  that  due  order 
and  discipline  are  preserved,  and  all  the  liberal 
sciences  read  and  taught,  there  are  public  lectur- 
ers and  professors  of  the  following  descriptions : 
divinity,  Hebrew,  Greek,  civil  law,  medicine, 
modern  history,  botany,  natural  philosophy,  as- 
tronomy, geometry,  ancient  history,  anatomy,  mu- 
sic, Arabic,  poetry,  Anglo-Saxon,  common  law, 
and  chemistry.  There  are  4  terms  in  the  year  at 
the  university,  and  degrees  are  taken  in  divinity, 
law,  physic,  music,  and  the  arts.  The  total  number 
of  members  in  the  university  books  is  about  3,000, 
1,000  of  whom  are  maintained  on  the  revenues  of 
the  university,  and  the  rest  live  at  their  own  ex- 
pense. The  names  of  the  20  colleges  are.  All 
Souls,  Balliol,  Brazen  Nose,  Christ  Church,  Cor- 
pus Christi,  Exeter,  Jesus,  Hertford,  Lincoln, 
Magdalen,  Merton,  New  college.  Oriel,  Pembroke, 
Queen's,  St.  John  Baptist's,  Trinity,  University, 
Wadham,  and  Worcester.  Of  the  other  public 
buildings  connected  with  the  univei^sity,  the  pub- 
lic schools  form,  together  with  the  Bodleian  libra 
ry,  and  the  picture  gallery,  a  splendid  quadranglf. 
The  Bodleian  or  public  library  comprises  thrco 
extensive  rooms,  disposed  in  the  form  of  the  Ro- 
man H.  It  was  founded  by  Humphrey,  duke  of 
Gloucester,  restored  and  greatly  augmented  by 
the  exertions  and  mimificence  of  sir  Thomas  Bod- 
ley,  and  now  probably  contains  one  of  the  most 
valuable  collections  in  Europe.  The  Clarendon 
printing-house  is  a  large  and  massy  edifice,  built- 
in  171 1,  with  the  profits  of  the  sale  of  lord  Claren- 
don's history  of  the  rebellion.  Here  is  the  Clar- 
endon or  university  press.  The  Radcliffe  library, 
one  of  the  most  splendid  ornaments  of  the  univer- 
sity, was  founded  by  Dr.  Radcliffe,  and  completed 
in  1749.    The  Ashmolean  museum  was  founded  in. 


552 


P  A  C 


1G82.  Oxford  contains  14  churches,  and  several 
places  of  worship  for  dissenters.  It  sends  4  mem- 
bers to  parliament,  2  for  the  city,  and  2  for  the 
university.  Pop.  of  the  city  and  university  in 
1811,  12,932.  58  m.  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  1° 
16' W.  Lat.  5r45'N. 

Oxford,  CO.  Up,  Canada,  on  the  head  of  the 
Thames  and  Grand  rivers. 

Oxford,  t.  Greenville  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Oxford,  t.  Oxford  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Oxford,  CO.  Maine,  bounded  E.  by  Somerset  and 
Kennebeck  counties,  S.  by  Cumberland  and  Ox- 
ford counties,  and  W.  by  New  Hampshire.  Pop. 
17,630.     Chief  town,  Paris. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  12  m.  E. 
Worcester.     Pop.  1,277. 

Oxford,  p-t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct  14  m.  N.  W. 
New  Haven.     Pop.  1,453. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  S.  Nor- 
wich, 110  W.  Albany.  The  village  of  Oxford 
stands  on  Chenango  river.  Here  is  an  incorpo- 
rated academy.  In  this  town  are  tlie  remains  of 
an  ancient  fort.     Pop.  2,988. 

Oxford,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Delaware, 
above  Trenton.     Pop.  2,470. 

Oxford,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Oxford,  t.  Philadelohia  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware, 
8  m.  N.  E.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  973. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Oxford,  t.  and  port  of  entrv,  Talbot  co.  Md.  on 
the  river  Treadhaven,  13  m.'S.  by  W.  Easton,  48 
S.  E.  Baltimore.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
trade,  the  shipping  of  the  port  amounting  in  1816, 
to  13,204  tons. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Granville  co.  N.  C.  30  m.  N.  by  W. 
Raleigh.     Here  are  a  church  and  2  academies. 

Oxford,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  N.  W.  Cin- 
cinnati. The  land  of  this  township  belongs  to  the 
Miami  university. 

Oxford,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  271. 

Oxford,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  E.  Cam- 
bridge.    Pop.  440. 

Oxford,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 


P  A  C 

Oxford,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Oxford  furnace,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  Y. 

Oxford,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  towns,  Chester 
CO.  Pa.     Pop.  769  and  700. 

Oxney,  isl.  Eng.  in  Kent,  formed  by  the  divided 
streams  of  the  river  Rother.  It  is  about  7  miles 
long,  and  3  broad. 

Oxus,  V.  Central  Asia,  the  principal  part  of 
whose  course  is  through  Independent  Tartary.  It 
rises  in  the  high  lands  between  Thibet  and  Great 
Bukharia,  and  falls  into  the  Aral  sea,  after  a 
course  of  more  than  1,200  miles. 

Oyambre,  Cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain.  Lon, 
4°  17'  W.  Lat.  43"  25'  N. 

Oyapook,  r.  Guiana,  which  enters  the  Atlantic, 
near  cape  Orange. 

Oyest.     See  Ujest. 

Oyolava,  one  of  the  larger  Navigator's  islands, 
in  the  Pacific  ocean.   Lon.  171°  25'  W.  Lat.  14"  S. 

Oyonaz,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  7  m.  N.  Nantua. 
Pop,  1,200. 

Oyskavelen,  mt.  on  the  coast  of  Norway,  in 
about  lat.  64"  15'  N. 

Oyster  Bay,  p-t.  Queens  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  isl- 
and sound,  25  m.  E.  New  York.     Pop.  4,725. 

Oyster  bay,  South,  p-v.  Queens  co.  N.  Y. 

Oyster  Harbor,  bay,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  It  has  a  bar,  on  which  there  is  only  17 
feet  water.     Lon.  1 18°  15'  E.  Lat.  34°  58'  S. 

Oyster  Haven,  harbor,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, 3  m.  E.  Kinsale  harbor. 

Oyster  Island,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
in  Sligo  bay,  4  m.  W.  S.  W.  Sligo. 

Oyster  Island,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  9  m.  S. 
S.  W.  the  N.  point  of  Arracan  river. 

Oyster  River,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in  Lee,  and 
flows  through  Durham  into  Great  bay. 

Ozama,  r.  Hispaniola,  which  runs  into  the  sea 
below  the  town  of  St.  Domingo. 

Ozemnia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Orenbourg,  on  the 
Oural.  It  is  regularly  fortified,  and  contains  a 
church,  and  200  houses. 

Osero.    See  Qsero  and  Chfrso. 


P. 


Paar,  r.  Bavaria,  which  flows  into  the  Danube 
from  the  S.  below  Ingolstadt. 

Paasdorf,  v.  Lower  Austria,  32  m.  N.  by  E.  Vi- 
enna.    Pop.  1,000. 

Pabba,  small  isl.  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast,  2 
m.  fr.  the  isle  of  Sky. 

Pablo,  small  lake  of  Quito,  on  which  is  a  set- 
tlement of  the  same  name,  40  m.  E.  Quito. 

Pacajes,  province,  Buenos  Ayrcs,  bounded  N. 
by  Chucuito,  N.  E.  by  Omasuayos,  E.  by  La  Paz 
and  Sicasica,  S.byOruro,  Paria,  and  Carangas,  W. 
by  the  Andes.  Pacajes,  the  capital,  is  80  m.  S.  W. 
La  Paz. 

Pacasmayv,  r.  Peru,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  lat.  7°  24'  S. 

Pacaudiere,  La,  v,  France,  in  Loire,  14  m.  N. 
W.  Roanne.     Pop.  1,700. 

Paccalongang,  t.  and  fort  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ja- 
va. 282  ra.  E.  Batavia, 


Pacem,  t  Sumatra,  the  capital  of  a  kingdom  of 
the  same  name,  120  m.  S.  E.  Acheen. 

Pachacama,  t.  Peru,  22  m.  S.  by  E.  Lima.  Lat. 
12°  19'  S. 

Pacheca,  isl.  in  the  bay  extending  from  Panama 
to  Point  Mala.     Lat.  8°  3'  N. 

Pachete,  district,  Bengal,  on  the  S.  side  of  Dum- 
raooda  river.  Pachete,  formerly  the  capital,  is  in 
lon.  86°  50' E.  Lat.  23°  36'  N. 

Pachitea,  r.  Peru,  is  called  the  Pozuzo  at  its 
confluence  with  the  Mayro,  and  joins  the  Ama- 
zons, in  8°  46'  S.  lat. 

Pacho,  t.  New  Granada,  14  leagues  from  Santa 
Fe, 

Pachot,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Pachuco,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendancy  of  Mcxi- 
06.    It«  principal  trade  isinsiiver.    The  groiuid 


PAG 


P  A  1 


5SfS 


on  whicii  it  stands  is  8, 141  feet  high.     45  m.  N.  E. 
Mexico. 

Pacific,  a  name  given  to  the  sea  which  lies  be- 
tween Asia  and  America,  by  the  Spaniards,  who 
first  navigated  it,  and  who  experiencing  in  their 
first  voyages  calm  and  gentle  weather,  persuaded 
themselves  that  it  was  the  same  all  over.  Subse- 
quent experience,  however,  shewed  them  the  con- 
trary ;  for  although  the  part  between  the  tropics 
may  justify  that  appellation,  no  sea  is  subject,  in 
higher  latitudes,  to  more  violent  tempests.  It  is 
remarkable  for  the  fury  of  the  storms  in  winter, 
and  for  the  dreadful  agitation  of  its  waters. 

Packersfield.     See  JVelson. 

Pacolet,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  Carolina,  and 
Hnites  with  Broad  river,  at  Pinckneyville,  in  S. 
Carolina.  Pacolet  springs  are  upon  it,  17  m, 
above  its  mouth. 

Pacy,  t.  France,  on  the  Eure,  11  m.  E.  Evreux. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Padah,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  84°  45' 
E.  Lat.  22°  N. 

Padan  aram,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  name  of  Mesopo- 
tamia. 

Padang,  a  Dutch  settlement  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra.  It  was  taken  by  the  English  in  1794, 
but  given  up  in  1814.  It  is  a  great  market  for 
gold,     Lon.  99"  53'  E.  Lat.  0°  48'  S. 

Padang,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo. 
I^n.  109"  21'  E.  Lat.  0°  33'  S. 

Paddytoivn,  X.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Padenghe,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  13  m.  E.  by  S. 
Brescia,  26  N.  by  VV.  Mantua. 

Paderbom,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  the  province 
of  Westphalia,  now  subject  to  Prussia,  37  m.  S. 
by  W.  Minden,  58  S.  W.  Hanover.  Pop.  5,300. 
The  bishopric  of  Paderborn,  containing  l,tK)0  sq. 
miles,  and  120,000  inhabitants,  was  secularized  in 
1802,  and  now  belongs  to  Prussia. 

Padiham,  t  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3i  m.  W.  by  N. 
Burnley.     Pop.  2,556. 

Padoah,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  78°  52' 
E.  Lat.  21°  53' N. 

Pador.     See  Podor. 

Padstow,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  W.  side  of 
Padstow  haven.  It  is  conveniently  situated  for 
trade  to  Bristol,  Wales,  and  Ireland.  26  m.  S.  W. 
Launceston,  243  W.  by  S.  London.  Lon.  4°  65' 
W.  Lat.  50"  33'  N.     Pop.  1,498. 

Padua,  a  delegation  of  Austrian  Italy,  in  tlie 
government  of  Venice.  Extent,  860  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  about  270,000. 

Padua,  city,  Austrian  Italy,  cap.  of  the  delega- 
tion of  the  same  name,  in  a  rich  and  beautiful 
couiatry,  near  the  junction  of  the  Brenta  and  the 
Bacchiglione.  The  houses  are,  in  general,  lofty 
and  well  built,  and  several  of  the  public  edifices 
are  of  magnificent  architecture. — The  university 
©f  Padua  v/as  at  one  time  celebrated  throughout 
Europe,  and  was  resorted  to  by  crowds  of  stu- 
dents, even  from  countries  beyond  the  Alps.  It 
was  new  modelled  in  1814,  and  now  consists  of 
three  faculties,  viz.  of  mathematics  and  philoso- 
phy, medicine  and  law.  The  number  of  profes- 
sors is  32;  the  average  number  of  students  not 
above  300.  18  m.  S.  E.  Vicenza,  20  W.  Venice. 
Lon.  1 1°  52'  E.  Lat.  45"  24'  N.     Pop.  31,000. 

Padula,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  14  m.  N. 
Policastro.     Pop.  6,000. 

Paeces,  city,  Quito,  in  Popayan,  60  leagues  fr. 
San  Juande  los  Llanos. 

Paesarui,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4,600. 

Pagahm.  nn  anrient  ritvof  the  BJrman  empire, 

70 


on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Irrawuddy.    Lon.  94°  3&'  E. 
Lat.  21°  9' N. 

Pagayos,  small  isl.  S.  America,  at  the  mouth  of 
of  the  great  river  Orinoco. 

Page,  CO,  Va,  on  Ohio  river,  separated  in  1811, 
from  Harrison  county. 

Pages,  3  small  rocky  islets  in  the  strait  between 
Kangaroo  island  and  the  main  shore  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  138°  21'  E.  Lut.  35°  46^'  S. 

Paglia,  small  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Ti- 
ber, above  Orvieto. 

Pagliano,  or  Paliano,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of 
the  Church,  28  m.  E.  by  S.  Rome. 

Pago,  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  in  the  gulf  of  Quar- 
nero,  34  miles  long.  Pop.  4,000.  Pago,  the  chief 
town,  is  22  m.  N.  W.  Zara. 

Pagoda  Bay,  bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin- 
China.     Lon.'  109°  4'  E.  Lat.  12°  21'  N. 

Pagoua  Bay,  bay,  on  the  E-  coast  of  the  island 
of  Dominica.     Lon.  61°  19'  W.  Lat.  15°  18'  N. 

Pahang,  t.  Malacca,  on  the  E.  coast,  12  m.  fr. 
the  sea,  on  a  river,  the  mouth  of  which  is  in  lon. 
103"  36' E.  lat.  3"  45' N. 

Paias.     See  Pian. 

Pailaiseau,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  7  m. 
S.  E.  Versailles.    Pop.  1,800. 

Pailkes,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  8  m.  W.  Pamiers. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Paimbmuf,  s-p.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Loire,  near  its  influx  into  the 
sea.  It  serves  as  a  sea-port  to  Nantes.  28  m.  W. 
Nantes.  Lon,  2"  1'  31"  W.  Lat.  47°  17'  15''  N. 
Pop.  4,300. 

Paimpol,  s-p.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  25  m. 
S.  W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,700. 

Paimponf,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  25  m. 
W.  Rennes.     Pop.  3,700. 

Painesville,  p-t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Grand  river.  The  village  is 
built  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river,  about  3  miles 
from  its  mouth.  Painesville  lias  a  good  harbour, 
and  is  a  flourishing  place.  A  bridge,  400  feet 
long,  is  here  thrown  across  the  river. 

Painexille,  p-t.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

Painglon,  v.  Eng.  on  the  sea-coast  of  Devon- 
shire, 6  m.  E.  Totness.     Pop.  1,639. 

Painswick,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  on  a  brooR 
which  runs  into  the  Stroud.  7  m.  S.  E.  Glouces- 
ter, 101  W.  by  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  11'  W.  hat 
51°47'N.     Pop.  3.201. 

Painf,  t.  IIighla#'#o.  Ohio.     Pop.  775. 

Painf,  t.  Fayetteco.  Ohio.     Pop.  534. 

Paint,  t.  Waynetp.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  E.  Wooste^. 
Pop.  1819,  445. 

Paint,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Paint  creek,  15  m» 
S.  W.  Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  685. 

Paint  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Scioto  on 
the  W.  side,  5  m.  below  Chillicothe. 

Painted  Post,  p-t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Ti- 
oga, 20  m.  S.  E.  Bath,  234  W.  S.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
954. 

Painter's  cross-roads,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

Painters  Harbour,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Cape 
Breton  island.     Lon.  61°  16' W.   Lat.  46°  22' N. 

Paintville,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Wooster. 

Paishau-ur.     See  Peshawur. 

Paisley,  a  large  and  opulent  manufacturing  t. 
Scotland,  on  the  banks  of  the  Wiiite  Cart,  in  Ren- 
frew CO.  It  contains  16  churches,  of  which  6  be- 
long to  the  established  church.  The  chief  archi- 
tectural ornament  of  the  town,  is  the  Abbey 
chrrch.  which  ha-  •^frvivrd  IHp  r^'volntion'^  <tf 


554 


PAL 


many  centuries.  Paisley  is  celebrated  for  its 
manufactures,  particularly  for  all  kinds  of  fancy 
goods  in  silk  and  cotton,  goods  which,  for  elegance 
and  beauty,  are  altogether  unrivalled.  It  is  the 
chief  seat  of  the  fancy  muslin  manufacture.  About 
5,000  looms  are  employed  in  it.  Cotton  spinning 
and  the  weaving  of  coarse  cottons  for  printing, 
and  of  cotton  sheeting,  are  also  extensively  car- 
ried on.  In  1805,  the  various  manufactures  em- 
ployed 29,030  persons,  and  the  value  produced 
was  about  1,500,000/.  For  the  trade  of  Paisley, 
considerable  facilities  are  afforded  by  the  river 
navigation,  and  by  the  Ardrossan  canal.  I'he 
navigation  of  the  White  Cart  has  been  improved 
ifo,  that  vessels  of  from  40  to  50  tons  can  now  easily 
come  up  and  unload  at  the  q^iays.  Pop.  in  1782, 
17,700;  in  1792,  24,592;  in  1801,  31,179;  1811, 
36,722 ;  and  in  ]  820,  about  46,000.  7  m.  S.  by  W. 
Glasgow,  17  S.  E.  Greenock,  and  3  S.  of  the  Clyde. 
Lon.4''22'W.    Lat.  55°58'N. 

Paita,  city,  Peru,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  with  a  good  and  well  frequented  port.  494 
m.  N.  W.  Lima,  192  S.  W.  Guayaquil.  Lon.  80° 
50' W.   Lat.5°5'S. 

Paitan,  district  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo, 
containing  a  bay  and  river  of  the  same  name. 

Pajaro,  or  Paxaros,  islands  on  the  coast  of  Chili, 
29  m.  N.  N.  W.  of  the  bay  of  Coquimbo. 

Paka,  A''cw,  t.  Bohemia,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Gitschin. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Pakefield,  v.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  shore  of  the 
German  ocean,  2  m.  S.  S.  VV.  Lowestoff.  Pop. 
328. 

Pakenham,  Point,  low  point  of  an  inlet  in  Prince 
William  sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  219°  29'  E.    Lat.  60"  59i  N. 

Pakir,  s-p.  on  the  coast  of  Hadramaut,  in  Ai-a- 
bia,  132  m.  S.  W.  Ilassec,  25  E.  Dofar. 

Pakratz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Sclavonia,  23  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Posega.  It  is  the  see  of  the  Greek 
bishop  of  Sea vonia.     Pop.  1,500. 

Paks,  t.  Hungarv,  near  the  Danube,  G2  m.  S. 
Buda.     Lon.  18'^  52'  45"  E.    Lat.  46"  37'  36'  N. 

Palachy,  t.  India,  in  Coimbetoor.  Lon.  77°  8' 
E.    Lat.  11°  47' N. 

Palacios,  Los,  t.  Spain,  13  m.  S.  by  E.  Seville. 

Paliz-schory,  v.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  occupy- 
ipg  the  site  of  the  ancient  Sparta. 

Palafugel,  t.  and  promontory,  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, near  Palamos,  and  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Gerona. 

Palagonia,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto,  30  m, 
N.  W.  Syracuse. 

Palaio  Phanaro,  v.  Greece,  in  the  IMorea,  7  m. 
S.  E.  Phloka. 

Palamcofta,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
42'E.Lat.  ir46'N. 

Palamcofta,  t.  India,  in  Tinncvelley.  Lon.  77° 
50'  E.  Lat.  8°  42'  N. 

Pahimos,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  a  bay  of  the 
-''Jediterranean,  27  m.  E.  S.  E.  Gerona. 

Palamow,  district,  Bengal.  Palamow,  the  cap- 
liul,  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Coyle  river.  Lon.  78°  10' 
E.  Lat.  23"  52'  N. 

Palanda,  province,  Quito,  with  a  town  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  river  Falanda.      Lat.  4"  48'  S. 

Palanh,  v.  Hungary,  25  m.  N.  E.  Gran. 

Palaputty^  t.  India,  in  Dindigul.  Lon.  78°  10' 
E.  Lat.  10"40'  N. 

Palar,  r.  India,  which  rises  in  Mysore,  and  after 
a  course  of  220  miles,  falls  into  the  bay  of  Bengal, 
near  Sadras. 

Palatinate,  Lower,  or  Palatinate  of  the  Rhine, 
formerly  a  province    of    Germany,  on  the  "NV. 


PAL 

side  of  the  Rhine,  between  49°  and  50°  N.  lat.  "Ex^ 
tent,  1,600  square  miles.  Pop.  305,000.  In  1814, 
the  northern  part  was  ceded  to  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
and  the  southern  part  to  Austria,  who  ceded  it  the 
following  year  to  Bavaria,  as  part  of  the  indemni- 
ties for  the  Tyrol  and  Salzburg. 

Palatinate,  Upper,  formerly  a  province  of  Ger- 
many, bordering  on  Bohemia,  and  now  formir^ 
part  of  the  circles  of  the  Regen  and  the  Upper 
Maine,  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria.  Area,  2,760 
square  miles.     Pop.  290,000. 

Palatine,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  N- 
side  of  the  Mohawk,  51  m.  W.  N.  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  3,111. 

Palatine  Bridge,  p- v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 

Palatsha,  v.  Natolia,  in  Asia  Minor,  near  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean.  It  is  supposed  by 
Spon  to  be  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Miletus.  Lon. 
27°12'E.  Lat.  37°  31' N. 

Palawan  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  lying  north 
of  Borneo.  It  is  about  275  miles  long  and  32  broad. 
It  is  little  known  to  Europeans. 

Palaeolo,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Casale, 
27  E.N.  E.Turin. 

Palazzolo,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto,  20  m.  W. 
Syracuse.     Pop.  6,000. 

Palazzulo,  t.  Tuscany,  23  m.  N.  E.  Florence. 

Palazzuolo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Oglio,  14 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Bergamo.     Pop.  3,100. 

Palcuti  JVor,  or  Balkash,  lake  of  Northern  Tar- 
tary,  700  m.  E.  from  the  Aral.  It  is  about  20O 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  1 10  from  E.  to  W. 

Palcote,  t.  Bengal,  in  Chuta  Nagpore.  Lon.  85' 
E.  Lat.  22°  58' N. 

Pake.     See  Paulee. 

Puke,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  79°  49'  E.  Lat.. 
27°  32^  N. 

Palembang,  a  district  of  Sumatra,  on  the  N.  E 
coast,  extending  along  the  river  Palembang.  The 
articles  of  commerce  supplied  by  this  country  are, 
pepper,  rattans,  silk,  cotton,  damor,  ivory,  sul- 
phur, salt,  wax,  rice,  tobacco,  areca,  buffaloes, 
and  gold.  The  pepper  trade  at  Palembang  wa? 
fonnerly  exclusively  in  the  hands  of  the  Dutch  ; 
but  the  most  considerable  article  of  commerce 
was  the  tin  of  Banca.  The  power  of  the  monarch 
is  unlimited.  He  has  no  revenue  except  what  is 
derived  from  his  monopolies.  The  Mahometan  re- 
ligion prevails  throughout  all  the  dominions  of  the 
sultan.  In  1812,  the  kingdom  of  Palembang  was 
conquered  by  a  handful  of  British  troops  under 
the  orders  of  colonel  Gillespie.  The  sultan,  who 
had  made  himself  universally  odious  by  his  atro- 
cious cruelties,  and  particularly  obnoxious  to  the 
British  by  his  unprovoked  massacre  of  the  Euro- 
peans resident  in  his  capital,  was  dethroned,  and 
his  brother  raised  to  the  throne  in  his  stead. 

Palembang,  or  Palimbang,  the  capital  of  the 
above  district,  and  the  emporium  of  the  inland 
commerce  of  Sumatra,  is  on  the  left  bank,  and 
above  the  Delta  of  the  river  Palembang,  about  60 
miles  from  the  sea.  Lon.  104°  54'  E.  Lat.  2°  58' 
51"  S.     Pop.  between  20  and  30,000. 

Palembang,  r.  on  which  the  above  city  is  situ- 
ated, falls  into  the  straits  of  Banca,  in  lat.  2"  18'  S. 
and  ion.  105°  8'  E.  There  is  a  bar  on  which  the 
depth  is  only  two  fathoms  and  a  quarter  at  low  wa- 
ter. 

Pakmberdy,  t.  India,  in  Madura.  Lon.  78°  23' 
E.  Lat.  9°  26'  N. 

Pakncia,  district,  Spain,  comprising  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  province  of  Leon.  Area,  1,820  square 
mile;.     Pop.  119,000, 


PAL 

Palencia,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  provincp, 
9  on  the  river  Carrion,  65  m.  S.  E.  Leon,  122  N. 
by  W .  Madrid.  Lon.  4"  34'  W.  Lat.  42°  10'  N. 
Pop.  8,300. 

Paiepoli,  s-p.  Caramania,  in  A.  Turkey,  120  m. 
S.  Konieh. 

Palermo,  a  large  and  beautiful  city  of  Sicily, 
the  capital  of  the  island,  situated  on  the  N.  coast. 
It  stands  on  the  W.  shore  of  a  bay,  in  an  extensive 
and  beautiful  plain.  The  principal  streets  are 
spacious  and  handsome  ;  the  houses  have  in  gen- 
eral something  striking  in  their  architecture.  As 
to  fortifications,  Palermo  on  the  sea  side  is  not 
strong,  while  on  the  land  side  it  is  altogether  open. 
The  number  of  religious  establishments  is  sur- 
prising, there  being  above  40  monasteries,  and  50 
convents  ;  and  in  the  magnificence  of  its  churches, 
Palermo  is  second  only  to  Rome.  The  university 
has  an  observatory,  along  with  cabinets  of  medals 
and  natural  curiosities.  The  trade  of  Palermo  is 
not  very  extensive.  Its  port  is  capable  of  contain- 
ing 30  sail  of  the  line,  and  several  hundred  mer- 
chantmen. It  is  well  fortified,  but  open  to  the 
north-east  winds,  which  are  sometimes  violent 
and  dangerous.  Palermo  was  the  residence  of 
the  court  of  Naples  during  their  exclusion  from 
their  capital  from  1806  to  1815.  At  present  it  is 
the  seat  of  the  viceroy  of  the  Sicilian  parliament, 
and  of  the  chief  boards  of  the  island  administra- 
tion. It  is  likewise  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  who 
has  the  title  of  primate  of  Sicily.  It  has  suffered 
repeatedly  from  earthquakes.  130  m.  W.  Messi- 
na, 200  S,  by  W.  of  Naples.  Lon.  of  the  observa- 
vatory,  13°  20'  E.  Lat.  38°  6'  N.  Pop.  about 
130,00(\ 

Palermo,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Wiscasset,  220  from  Boston.     Pop.  761. 

Palest  me,  a  country  of  Asia,  within  the  limits  of 
tJie  Turkish  empire,  bounded  N.  by  Syria,  and  ly- 
ing on  both  sides  of  the  Jordan,  between  the  desert 
of  Arabia  and  the  Mediterranean  on  the  W.  On 
the  return  of  the  children  of  Israel  from  Egypt,  it 
was  divided  by  Joshua  among  the  twelve  tribes  ; 
Judah,  Benjamin,  Simeon,  Dan,  Ephraim,  Zebu- 
Ion.  Naphtali,  and  part  of  Manasseh,  had  their 
portion  allotted  on  the  western,  commonly  called 
this  side  of  Jordan  ;  while  Reuben,  Gad,  and  the 
remaining  part  of  Manasseh,  were  placed  on  the 
E.  side,  commonly  called  beyond  Jordan.  The 
Romans,  on  obtaining  possession  of  this  country, 
divided  the  part  of  it  on  this  side  of  Jordan  into 
three  tetrarchies,  Judea  proper  in  the  S.,  Samaria 
in  the  middle,  and  Galilee  in  the  north.  The 
former  consisted  of  the  tribes  of  Jiidah,  Benjamin, 
Dan,  and  Simeon.  Samaria  comprehended  the 
tribes  of  Ephraim,  Issachar,  and  partof  Manas?ch. 
Galilee  fornied  the  fine  inland  territory  on  the 
lake  of  Tiberias,  the  former  possession  of  the  tribes 
of  Zebulon,  Asser,  and  Naphthali.  The  region  to 
the  east  of  Jordan  was  divided  into  the  smaller 
districts  of  Persea,  Decapolis,  Gaulonitis,  Galaa- 
ditis,  Batanffia,  and  Auranitis. 

Few  countries  are  distinguished  by  greater  va- 
riety of  surfece  than  Palestine.  Some  have  rep- 
resented it  as  barren  ;  but  this  character  can  ap- 
ply only  to  some  of  the  mountainous  districts 
around  and  to  the  east  of  Jerusalem.  According 
to  the  best  informed  travellers,  the  greater  part  of 
Palestine  displays  a  truly  luxuriant  fertility,  and 
corresponds  entirely  to  the  description  of  the 
promised  land.  Judea  proper,  comprising  the 
territory  between  the  Dead  sea  and  the  Mediter- 
rajiean,  is  composed  of  a  range  of  limestone  hill°, 


PAL 


551 


rising  as  it  were  by  stages  from  the  level  of  the 
Mediterranean.  The  plain  extending  along  that 
sea,  though  now  neglected,  appears  to  be  exces- 
sively rich.  As  the  tract  ascends,  it  becomes  rug- 
ged and  rocky,  so  that  the  road  from  Jafia  to  Je- 
rusalem is  very  steep  and  difficult.  The  sides  of 
the  mountains,  however,  are  fitted  for  the  vine, 
the  olive,  the  sycamore,  and  are  crowned  with 
natural  groves  of  oak  and  cypress.  Between  these 
mountains  are  interposed  vallies,  which  are  cov- 
ered with  plentiful  crops  of  tobacco,  wheat,  bar- 
ley, and  millet.  These  mountains  are  tenanted 
by  the  wildest  Arabs,  who  find  lurking  places  in 
the  numerovis  caves  which  are  cut  out  of  the 
mountains.  On  reaching  the  summit  of  these  suc- 
cessive ranges,  the  traveller  discovers  the  coun- 
try round  Jerusalem,  which  wears  a  dry,  rugged, 
and  stony  aspect.  There  is  reason  to  believe,  how- 
ever, that  ancient  industry,  under  a  protecting 
government,  had  rendered  even  these  tracts  highly 
productive.  Traces  may  still  be  found  of  walb 
by  which  the  earth  was  formerly  supported,  of  cis- 
terns Avhere  the  rain  water  was  collected,  and  of 
canals,  by  which  it  was  distributed  through  the 
fields.  In  proceeding  eastward  to  the  shoi-es  of 
the  Dead  sea,  the  scene  becomes  more  decidedly 
barren.  Gloomy  and  naked  rocks,  stones,  sand, 
and  ashes,  are  the  only  objects  which  there  present 
themselves. 

Samaria  is  mountainous,  but  flourishing,  well 
cultivated,  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade. 
Corn,  silk,  and  olives,  are  produced  abundantly  in 
its  plains. 

'To  the  north  of  Samai  ia,  is  Galilee,  celebrated 
in  scripture  history  as  the  scene  of  our  Saviour's 
first  preaching  and  miracles.  Perhaps  there  are 
fe-w  spots  on  the  globe  more  distinguished  by  nat- 
ural beauty  and  fertility.  The  plain  of  Esdraelon, 
two  days  journey  in  length,  and  twenty  miles  in 
breadth,  is  described  by  Dr.  Clarke  as  one  vast 
meadow,  covered  with  the  richest  pasture.  The 
lake  of  Tiberias,  or  Gennesareth,  is  surrounded 
by  lofty  and  picturesque  hills,  the  sides  of  which 
were  once  highly  cultivated,  and  its  banks  covered 
with  flourishing  towns,  now  almost  deserted.  The 
regions  beyond  Jordan  include  many  tracts  once 
fertile  and  flourishing. 

Few  countries  are  more  unfortunately  situated 
as  to  political  relations,  than  modern  Palestine. 
If  suffers  equally  from  the  tyranny  and  weakness 
of  the  Turkish  government,  and  from  the  hordes 
of  Arabs  who  fill  every  part  of  the  surrounding 
deserts.  The  Turks  occupy  all  the  civil  and  mili- 
tary posts,  and  the  Greeks  form  a  very  numerous 
part  of  the  population  ;  but  tlie  country  districts 
are  filled  to  a  great  extent  with  Nomadic  Arabs. 
A  considerable  number  oi  Christian  monks  still 
reside  in  the  Holy  Land  ;  and  there  is  no  consid- 
erable town  which  docs  not  contain  at  least  one 
convent.  Their  cheats,  however,  are  often  so 
palpable,  that  travellers,  unable  to  discriminate, 
have  considered  the  whole  mass  of  topographical 
evidence  concerning  the  Holy  Land,  as  one  tissue 
of  imposture.  In  1,819,  two  missionaries,  in  the 
employment  of  tlie  American  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners lor  Foreign  Missions,  embarked  at  Boston 
for  Asia  Minor,  with  a  view  to  their  ultimate  resi- 
dence as  missionaries  in  the  Holy  Land. 

Palestine,  p-t.  Lawrence  co.  Indiana. 

Palestrina,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church. 
20  m.  E.  Rome.  It  is  the  sec  of  a  bishop.  Pop. 
3,000.  It  occupies  the  site  of  theancient  Praeneste. 

Palestrina,  U  Austrian  Italy,  on  a  long  and  nar< 


556 


PAL 


row  island  of  the  Lagunes,  6  m.  S.  Veiucfc.  Yop. 
6,000. 

Palety  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  12  m.  S. 
Nantes,     Pop,  1,400, 

Palette,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S,  coast  of  Celebes, 
in  Bony  bay,  Lon.  ISU-*  4{J'  E.  Lat,  2"  20'  S, 

Palgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  Lon,  86°  15'  E. 
Lat  24"  5'  N. 

Palhaunpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujarat,  Lon,  72"  35' 
E.  Lat,  24°  44' N. 

Paliacode,  or  Pallicode,  t.  India,  11m,  W,  Da- 
ram  pouri, 

Paliacur,  t.  Ceylon,  on  tlie  W.  coast.  Lon,  80° 
14'  E,  Lat,  Q"  33'  N, 

Palicaud,  or  Palighautclieri/,  t.  India,  in  Mala- 
bar, situated  in  the  middle  of  the  Teak  forests,  on 
Paniany  river.  In  1792,  it  was  ceded  to  the  Brit- 
ish, Lon.  76"  50'  E,  Lat.  10"  50'  N. 

Palinguir,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  about 
15  miles  in  circumference,  N,  of  Cape  Engano  on 
the  island  of  Lucon, 

Palinuro,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  coast  of  Na- 
ples, near  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Policastro. 
Lon,  15°  10' E,  Lat.  40°  2' N. 

Paliseul,  t,  Netherlands,  in  the  grand  duchy  of 
Luxemburg,  20  m,  S.  E,  Charlemont,     Pop.  800. 

Palisse,  i.  France,  in  AUier,  28  m.  S.  E.  Mou- 
iins.     Pop.  3,000. 

Paliuri,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Eu.  Tur- 
key, in  the  gulf  of  Salonica.  Lon.  23°  46'  E.  Lat. 
39''50N. 

Palkah,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  13'  E.  Lat. 
32°  58'  N. 

Palk's  Straits,  arm  of  the  sea,  which  separates 
Ceylon  from  tlie  coast  of  Coroniandel. 

Palla,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  about  6 
miles  in  circumference,  S.  of  Sangir.  Lon.  125° 
30' E.  Lat.  3°  5' N. 

Pallansa,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  a  point  of  land 
projecting  into  the  Lago  Maggiore,  32  m.  N.  No- 
vara.    Pop.  1,300. 

Pallaincino.     See  Busseto. 

Palli,  t.  Diarbekir,  in  A.  Turkey,  85  m.  N.  E. 
Diarbekir. 

Pallinges,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  7  m. 
N.  N.  W,  CharoUes.     Pop.  1, 100. 

Palliser,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Britain.  Lon.  151"  25'  E.  Lat.  4°  22'  S. 

Palliser,  Cape,  New  Zealand,  the  N.  E.  point 
of  Cook's  strait.  Lon.  183"  58'  W.  Lat.  41°  34'  S. 

Palliser'' s  Islands,  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean.  Lon.  146"  30'  W.  Lat.  15°  38'  S. 

Palluav,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  on  the  river  Indre, 
20  m.  N.  W.  Chateauroux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Palm  Islands,  chain  of  islands  near  the  N.  E. 
f.oast  of  New  Holland,  extending  about  30  miles. 
Lon.  213°  25'  W.  Lat.  18"  53'  S. 

Palma,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Africa,  forming  part 
of  the  group  of  the  Canaries,  25  miles  long,  and  15 
broad.  The  coasts  are  very  fertile,  and  produce 
wine  for  exportation,  sugar,  silk,  almonds,  honey, 
and  wax.     Pop.  according  to  Hiunbolt,  22,600. 

Palma,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  at  the  bottom  of  a  large  bay. 
The  chief  employments  of  the  inhabitants  are 
weaving  woollens  and  silk,  along  with  some  trade 
and  navigation.  The  harbour,  though  not  exten- 
sive, is  secure  :  it  has  a  mole  of  nearly  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  in  length,  defended  by  two 
strong  forts.  Palma  was  long  the  capital  of  Ma- 
jorca when  a  kingdom,  and  is  still  the  residence 
of  the  chief  magistrates  of  the  Balearic  and  Pithy- 
nsae  islands.    345  in.  E.  by  S.  Madrid,   133  S.  by 


PAL 

W.  Barcelona.  Lon.  1°  39'  W.  Lat.  42''  49'  57' 
N.     Pop.  about  30,000. 

Palma,  t.  Sicily,  on  the  sea  coast.  It  is  noted 
for  the  sulphur  made  in  its  vicinty,  of  which,  since 
1806,  cargoes  are  annually  shipped  to  England.  12 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Girgenti.     Pop.  6,000. 

Palma,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Cordova.    Pop.  4,200. 

Palma,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Friuli,  near  Aqui- 
leia.     Pop.  2,000. 

Palma,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  28  m.  E. 
Setubal. 

Palma,  J^uestra  Senora  de  la,  city.  New  Grana- 
da, on  the  E.  shore  of  the  river  Magdalcna,  54  m. 
N.  W.  Santa  Fe,  68  W.  by  S.  Tunja.  Lon.  74" 
50' 30"  VV.  Lat.  5°  8'  N.— Itis  the  name  of  several 
other  inconsiderable  settlements  in  S.  America. 

Palma,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of  It- 
aly.    Lon.  13"  50'  E.  Lat.  43"  3'  N. 

Palma  di  Solo,  s-p.  Sardinia,  15  m.  S.  E.  Villa 
de  Iglesias.     Lon.  6°  24'  E.  Lat.  39°  2^  N. 

Palmajolo,  isl.  belonging  to  Tuscany,  between 
the  island  of  Elba  and  the  mainland,  5  m.  S.  by 
W.  Piombino.    Lon.  9"  35'  E.  Lat.  42°  33'  N. 

Pabnanova,  or  Palma  Kuova,  t.  and  fort,  Aus- 
trian Italy,  10  m.  S.  by  E.  Udina,  53  E.  N.  E.  Ve^ 
nice.     Pop.  4,500. 

Palmar,  r.  Quito,  in  Guyaquil,  which  enters 
the  Babahayo,  in  lat.  1°  45'  S. 

Palmar,  r.  Benin,  in  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lon.  3"  E.  lat.  6°  25'  N. 

Palmar,  Point,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  5°  30' S. 

Palmaria,  small  isl.  Italy,  in  the  gulf  of  Genoa, 
Lon.  9°  40'  E.  Lat.  44"  4'  N. 

Palmarola,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Italy,  opposite 
Terracina.     Lon.  12"  55'  E.  Lat.  41°  3'  N. 

Palmas,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  26  leagues  fr. 
Cape  Corrientes. 

Palmas,  Salazar  de  las,  city.  New  Granada,  50 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Pamplona. 

Palmas,  Cividad  de  las,  cap.  of  the  island  of 
Grand  Canary.     Pop.  9,437. 

Palmas,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Gomera. 

Palmas,  Cape,  Africa,  the  N.  cape  at  the  en- 
trance into  the  gulf  of  Guinea,  and  the  W.  ter- 
mination of  the  Ivory  coast.  There  is  a  road  here, 
affording  good  shelter  against  southerly  winds. 

Palme,  Elang  de,  bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
in  Eure.     Lon.  3"  G'  E.  Lat.  42°  57'  N. 

Palmela,  t.  Portuguese  Estremadura,  6  m.  N. 
Setubal.     Pop.  3,600. 

Palmer,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  E.  Spring- 
field, 71  W.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,114. 

Palmera,  Cape,  promontory  of  the  island  of 
Formentera.,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Lon.  1°  30' 
E.  Lat.  38°  42' N. 

Palmerin,  v.  Baol,  in  W.  Africa.  Lon.  16°  21' 
W.  Lat.  13"  50' N. 

Palmero,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lon.  9"  56'  E.  Lat.  39°  40' N. 

Pabnerston,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New  Holland.     Lon.  210°  54'  W.    Lat.  21°  30'  S. 

Palmerston  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  or 
rather  a  group  of  small  islets,  eight  or  nine  in 
number,  connected  together  by  a  reef  of  coral 
rocks.     Lon.  163"  10'  W.  Lat.  18°  4'  S. 

Palmertou-n,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 

PalmeLlo  creek,  r.  Georgia,  which  runs  into  the 
Oconee,  about  12  m.  below  Dublin. 

Palmetto,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica.   Lon.  76°  20'  W.  Lat.  18°  18'  N. 


PAL 

Palmetto,  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamai- 
ca.   Lon.  77°  57'  W.  Lat.  18°  7'  N. 

Palrniras,  a  celebrated  point  of  land  at  the  head 
of  the  bay  of  Bengal,  which  all  vessels  bound  to 
Calcutta  endeavour  to  make.  The  East  India 
company  have  lately  erected  a  light-house  here. 
Lon.  87°  5'  E.  Lat.  20"  44'  N. 

Palmiste,  Point,  cape,  on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 3  leagues  S.  Point  Portugal,  5  E.  Port  de 
Paix. 

Palmyra,  the  ruins  of  a  great  city  in  the  heart 
of  the  desert  of  Syria.  It  appears  to  have  been 
founded  by  Solomon,  under  the  appellation  of  Tad- 
mor,  and  from  its  situation  was  called  Tadmor  in 
the  Wilderness.  It  is  related,  however,  to  have 
been  afterwards  destroyed  by  Nebuchadnezzar; 
and  the  present  remains  being  evidently  of  Gre- 
cian origin,  cannot  be  supposed  to  be  those  of  the 
city  of  Solomon.  In  what  manner,  and  at  what 
period,  the  city  rose  to  that  distinguished  wealth 
and  splendour  which  its  ruins  attest,  has  been  no 
where  distinctly  recorded ;  and  as  to  the  steps  or 
the  period  at  which  it  sunk  into  its  present  state  of 
total  desolation,  history  is  silent. — Of  all  the  re- 
mains which  exhibit  the  art  of  Greece  and  the 
opulence  of  Asia  united,  none  equal  the  extent 
and  magnificence  of  those  of  Palmyra.  The  prin- 
cipal and  most  entire  ruin  is  that  of  the  Temple 
of  the  Sun. — This  once  splendid  city  is  now  in- 
habited by  about  thirty  Arab  families,  who  have 
built  their  huts  in  the  court  of  the  great  temple. 
Lon.  38°  48'  E.  Lat.  34°  29'  N. 

Palmyra,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  28  m.  E.  Nor- 
ridgewock,  215  N.  N.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  188. 

Palmyra,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie  ca- 
nal,  12  m.  N.  E.  Canandaigua,  233  W.  Albany. 
The  village  is  a  place  of  considerable  business. 
Pop.  2,187. 
Palmyra,  p-t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 
Palmyra,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  336. 
Palmyra,  p-t.  Martin  co.  N.  C. 
Palmyra,  t.  Mississippi,  at  Palmyra  Bend,  about 
25  m.  below  Walnut  liills. 

Palmyra,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Ten.  on  the 
Cumberland,  40  m.  below  Nashville. 

Palmyra,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E.  Ra- 
venna.    Pop.  in  1815,  600. 

Palmyra,  p-t.  and  cap.  Edwards  ca  Illinois,  on 
the  Wabash,  20  m.  below  Vincennes. 

Palnaud,  district,  India,  in  the  Carnatic,  be- 
tween 16°  and  17°  N.  lat.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river 
Kistnah.  It  was  ceded  to  the  British  in  1801. 
The  chief  towns  are  Macheria,  Timerycotta,  and 
Currumconda. 

Palo,  t.  Diarbekir  in  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 60  m.  N.  Diarbekir.     Pop.  8,000. 

Palo,  Cape,  Albania,  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  19° 
10'  E.  Lat.  41°  44'  N. 

Paiomas,  Jsla  de  los,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venezue- 
la, N.  of  the  city  of  Maracaibo.     Lat.  10°  56'  N. 
Palombara,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
9  m.  N.  W.  Tivoli. 

Palonque,  cape,  on  the  S.  side  of  St.  Domingo. 
Lon.  70°  37'  W.  Lat.  18°  13'  N. 

Palos,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  1 19° 
39' E.  Lat.  0°56'S. 

Palos,  Cape,  promontory,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Murcia.     Lon.  0°  41'  W.  Lat.  37°  37'  15"  N. 

Palos  de  Moguer,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Tinto.  It  is  the  port  from  which 
Columbus  sailed  in  1492,  on  the  voyage  in  which 
he  discovered  America.  4  m.  S.  Moguer,  Lon.  6° 
58'  W.  Lat.  37°  10'  N.    Pop.  500. 


P  A  M 


557 


Palota,  t.  Hungary,  8  m.  W.  S.  W.  Stuhl  Weis^ 
semburg.     Pop.  4,000. 

Palotsa,  or  Palosca,  t.  Hungary,  19  m.  E.  N.E. 
Kesraark. 

Palpah,  district,  Hind,  subject  to  the  rajah  of 
Nepaul.  Palpah,  the  capital,  is  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Gunduck.  Lon.  82°  55'  E.  Lat.  28° 
11' N. 

Palu,  Miss,  2  small  islands  near  the  N.  coast  of 
New  Guinea.  Lon.  132°  29'  3(7'  E.  Lat.  0°  19' 
57"  S. 

Palud,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  14  m.  N.  W.  Or- 
ange, 30  N.  by  W.  Avignon.     Pop.  1,600. 

Palvde,  t.  Erzerum,  in  Turkish  Armenia.  Lon. 
39°  14' E.  Lat.  38' 35' N. 

Pamada,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Irawuddy  river,  24  m.  N.  Prome. 

Pamalang,  t,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  108° 
28'  E.  Lat.  6°  45'  N. 

Pamanookan,  t.  Java,  80  m.  E.  Batavia.      The 
cape  of  this  name  is  in  lon.  107°  54'  E.  lat.  6°  12'N. 
Pambamarca,  mountain  of  Quito,  covered  with 
perpetual  snow,  20  m.  N.  Quito. 

Pamboon,  t.  Celebes,  on  the  N.  W.  coast,  about 
100  miles  from  Macassar. 

Pamelia,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
taken  in  1819  from  Brownville. 

Pamiers,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Arriege,  12  m. 
W.  Mirepoix,  14  N.  Tarascon.  Lon.  1°  35'  36''  E. 
Lat.  53°  6'  44"  N.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Pop. 
2,200. 

Pamisos,  modern  name  Pirnassa,  r.  Greece,  in 
the  Morea,  flowing  from  Mount  Ithome  to  the  seSt. 
Pamlico.  See  Tar  River. 
Pamlico  Sound,  large  bay  on  the  coast  of  N. 
Carolina,  86  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  20  broad. 
It  is  separated  from  the  Atlantic  ocean  by  a  beach 
of  sand,  hardly  a  mile  wide,  generally  covered 
with  small  trees  or  bushes.  'Through  this  bank 
are  several  small  inlets,  by  which  boats  may  pass  ; 
but  Ocrecoke  is  the  only  one  tliat  will  admit  ves- 
sels of  burden.  This  sound  communicates  with 
Core  and  Albemarle  sounds,  and  receives  Tar  riv- 
er,and  the  river  Neuse,  besides  other  small  streams. 
Pampas,  extensive  plains  of  S.  America,  in  Bue- 
nos Ay  res,  and  which  extends  S.  into  Patagonia. 
They  cover  many  thousand  square  miles,  and 
abound  with  a  tall  and  luxuriant  herbage,  which 
affords  subsistence  to  innumerable  herds  of  cattle 
and  horses.  The  west  winds  meeting  with  no  in- 
terruption, sweep  over  those  pampas  with  une- 
qualled fury.  These  winds  are  often  dangerous  to 
vessels  navigating  the  river  Plate,  and  are  called 
pamperos. 

Pampas  del  Sacmmen/o,  vast  plains  of  S.America, 
to  the  E.  of  the  Andes.  They  stretch  out  to  the 
extent  of  nearly  8,000  square  leagues,  between 
the  Ucayale  and  the  limits  of  the  Portuguese  ter- 
ritories, and  are  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  river 
Amazons. 

Pampelonne,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  N.  Alby, 
Pop.  1,800. 

Pampeluna,  or  Pamplona,  t.  Spain,  and  cap.  of 
Navarre,  is  situated  on  the  Ai^a.  It  stands  partljf 
on  an  eminence,  partly  on  a  plain,  and  is  surrouh- 
ded  by  mountains,  at  the  distance  of  six  or  eight 
miles.  The  town  is  fortified,  but  derives  its  chief 
defence  from  two  castles,  one  in  the  inside,  the 
other  on  the  outside  of  the  walls.  The  latter  is 
the  citadel,  and  is  of  great  strength,  being  situated 
on  a  rock,  of  which  the  only  accessible  part  is  cov- 
ered by  a  morass.  It  has  long  been  accounted  one 
of  the  principal  strong  holds,  not  only  of  Navarre, 


558 


PAN 


PAN 


but  of  the  north  of  Spain.  62  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bilboa, 
200  N.  E.  Madrid.  Lon.  1°  40'  53"  W.  Lat.  42°  49' 
57"  N.     Pop.  14,000. 

Pamper,  t.  Hind,  in  Cashmere,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Jhylum.     Lon.  73°  13'  E.  Lat.  34°  19'  N. 

Pamphylia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  country  of  Antolia,  in 
Asia,  bounded  N.  by  Galatia  and  Cappadocia,  E. 
by  Cilicia,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  W.  by 
Lycia  and  Lesser  Phrygia. 

Pamplona,  city.  New  Grenada,  185  m.  N.  E. 
Santa  Fe,  156  W.  S.  W.  Truxillo.  Lon.  72°  21' 
W.Lat.  7°1'N. 

Pampus,  channel  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  leading  to 
the  harbour  of  Amsterdam,  and  the  only  passage 
by  which  ships  can  reach  that  port. 

Pamunki/,  r.  Virginia,  formed  by  the  North  and 
South  Anna.  It  unites  with  the  Mattapony  at  Del- 
aware to  form  York  river. 

Panagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  88°  16'  E. 
Lat.  25°  20' N. 

Panama,  a  province  in  New  Granada,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Spanisli  Main,  E.  by  the  province  of  Da- 
rien,  S.  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  W.  by  Veragua. 

Pajiama,  city  and  seaport,  S.  America,  on  the 
isthmus  of  Daricn,  at  the  bottom  of  a  large  bay  of 
the  Pacific  ocean,  and  cap.  of  a  province.  When 
the  trade  of  Spanish  America  with  the  mother 
country  was  carried  on  by  means  of  galleons,  Pa- 
nama was  a  commercial  depot,  both  for  the  goods 
oi  America  and  Europe.  It  is  still  remarkable  for 
its  fine  bay,  which  is  studded  with  islands.  In  this 
bay  was  formerly  established  a  famous  fishery  for 
pearls.  Lon.  79°  19'  W.  Lat.  9°  0'  30"  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Panamao,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  about 
15  miles  in  circumference.      Lon.  124°  15'  E.  Lat. 

ii°2r  N. 

Panaon,  or  Panahan,  one  of  the  Philippine  isl- 
ands, about  45  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  125° 
12'E.Lat.  10°rN. 

Panapa  Island,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco. 
Between  this  island  and  the  N.  cOaat,  is  the  prin- 
cipal channel  of  the  river. 

Panar,  r.  India,  which  falls  into  the  sea  at  Fort 
St.  David. 

Panaraga,  or  Panarogo,  t.  Java,  60  m.  E.  Ma- 
tar  an. 

Panaria,  isl.  Sicily,  in  the  Lipari  group,  situated 
between  Lipari  and  Stromboli,  28  m.  nearly  N.  of 
Melazzo.  It  is  only  8  miles  in  circuit.  Lon.  15° 
21'  E.  Lat.  38°  40'  N. 

Panaro,  r.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Modena,  which 
falls  into  an  arm  of  the  Po. 

Panaroocan,  t.  Java,  20  m.  W.  Cape  Sandana. 
Here  is  a  Dutch  fort. 

Panay.     See  Pany. 

Pancalleri,  t.  Piedmont  on  the  Po,  16  ra.  S.  Tu- 
rin.    Pop.  2,500. 

Pancawir,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  76°  6'  E. 
Lat.  24°  14'  N. 

Panchberarah,  t.  Hind,  in  Cashmei'e.  Lon.  75° 
E.    Lat.  34°  32' N. 

Punches,  a  province  of  NcwGranada,  15  leagues 
long,  from  E.  to  W.  and  12  wide  fx-om  N.  to  S. 
The  capital  is  Tocaima. 

Panco,  Point,  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Java,  at  the  mouth  of  the  western  entrance  of 
the  straits  of  Madura.  Lon.  112°  44'  E.  Lat.  6° 
48' S. 

Pancsova,  t.  Hungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Temes  and  the  Danube,  8  m.  N.  E.  Belgrade. 
Ion.  28°  37'  45"  E.  Lat,  44°  49'  40"  N.  Pop. 
7,000. 


Pandang,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Celebes.     Lon.  120°  E.  .Lat.  3"  33'  S. 

Pandar,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  75°  16'  E, 
Lat.  33°  17'  N. 

Pando,  r.  Buenos  Ayres,  which  enters  the  Plata 
at  its  mouth.  It  is  also  the  name  of  a  parish  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  20  m.  N.  E.  Monte  Video.  Lon, 
55"49'W.    Lat.  34°  41' S. 

Pandour,  or  Pandur,  v.  Hungary,  26  m.  S.  Co- 
locsa. 

Panella,  or  Pennala,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowletabad, 
15  m.  N.  E.  Damaun. 

Panerazio  di  Barbarona,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12 
m.  S.  Vicenza. 

Panermo,  s-p.  in  the  small  island  of  Skopelos, 
in  the  Grecian  archipelago. 

Pangatarran,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  one  of  the 
Sooloo  archipelago,  about  ten  miles  long,  by  four 
broad.  It  is  an  entire  bed  of  coral  rock,  and  of  a 
very  thin  soil.     Lon.  120"  30'  E.    Lat.  6"  9'  N. 

Pangesana,  Pangesani,  or  Pangansane,  isl.  in 
the  Eastern  seas,  S.  of  Celebes,  and  separated 
from  the  island  of  Bouton,  by  a  narrow  strait.  It 
is  about  60  miles  long,  and  16  broad.  Lon.  122° 
50' E.    Lat.  5°  5' S. 

Panguei,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
coast  of  Queda.     Lon.  100°  5'  E.    Lat.  5"  50'  N. 

Panha,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur.  Lon.  79°  10'  E. 
Lat.  30°  18'  N. 

Paniany,  s-p.  India,  in  Malabar,  on  Palicaud 
river.  The  exports  are  teak  timber,  pepper,  rice, 
iron,  and  cocoa  nuts.     Lon.  76°  E.    Lat.  10°  44'  N. 

Panicocolo,  t.  Naples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  22 
m.  N.W.  Naples.     Pop.  2,200. 

Paniput,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  celebrated  for  a 
great  battle  in  1761,  between  the  Mahometan 
combined  armies  and  the  Mahrattas,  in  which  the 
latter  were  defeated.  Lon.  76°  50' E.  Lat.29°23'N. 

Panissiere,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  21  m.  W.  by  N. 
Lyons.     Pop.  3,200. 

Panjang,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo, 
Lon.  117°  59'  E.    Lat.  2°  15'  N. 

Panjang,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Siam,  about 
40  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  98°  42'  E.  Lat. 
8°N. 

Panjang,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  New 
Guinea.     Lon.  135°  25'  E.    Lat.  3°  18'  S. 

Panlang,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Pegu,  on  the 
Rangoon  branch  of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  16  m.  N. 
W.  Rangoon. 

Pannah,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  near  some  of  the 
celebrated  diamond  mines.  Lon.  80°  17'  E.  Lat. 
24°  43'  N. 

Pannanach,  or  Pannanich,  v.  Scotland,  in  Ab- 
erdeenshire, noted  for  its  mineral  water?. 

Panncla,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon. 
74°57'E.    Lat.  16°  50' N. 

Pannela,  New,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74" 
20'  E.    Lat.  17°  N. 

Panormo,  t.  Natolia,  in  A.  Turkey,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  sea  of  Marmora,  16  m.  S.  E.  Artaki. 

Punsang,  or  Pulo  Pansang,  small  isl.  in  the 
gulf  of  Siam.     Lon.  103°  30'  E.    Lat.  9°  15'  N. 

Panse,  r.  Indiana,  which  flows  into  the  N.  side 
of  the  Wabash,  a  little  above  the  junction  of  the 
Tippecanoe. 

Pant,  r.  Eng.  in  Essex,  which  falls  into  the 
Blackwatcr,  below  Little  Braxted. 

Pantelaria,  the  ancient  Cosyra,  isl.  in  the  Med- 
iterranean belonging  to  Sicily.  60  m.  from  Mar- 
sala (in  Sicily),  and  about  the  same  distance  from 
Cape  Bon,  near  Tunis.  Lon.  8°  26'  E.  Lat.  36' 
45' N.     Pop.  6,000. 


PAP 

Panter,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  30  miles  long, 
by  12  broad.    Lon.  124"  30'  E.   Lat  8"  10'  3. 

Panther' s  creek,  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Pantin,  v.  France,  3  ra.  E.  N.  E.  Paris.  Ppp. 
1,200. 

Pantina,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Minor- 
ca. •  Lon.  4"  7'  E.    Lat.  40°  4'  N. 

Pnnton,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Champlain, 
25  m.  S.  Burlington.     Pop.  520. 

Paniico,  t.  Mexico,  143  m.  N.  Mexico.  Lon. 
98''52'W.    Lat.  22°  48' N. 

Panwell,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  27  m.  E. 
Bombay,  on  the  Pan,  about  7  m.  from  its  mouth. 
{t  now  belong;s  to  the  British,  and  is  in  lon.  73°  13' 
E.  lat.  19"  N. 

Pany  Isle,  one  of  the  Philippine  isles,  110  miles 
long,  by  38  broad.  The  principal  establishments 
of  the  Spaniards  on  this  island,  are  at  llo-ilo  and 
Antigua.     Lon.  122°  33' E.    Lat.  11°  15' N. 

Panza,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ischia, 
in  the  bay  of  Naples. 

Pao,  Han  Juan  Baplislo  del,  city  of  the  Carac- 
cas,  in  Venezuela,  situated  on  the  river  Pao,  which 
falls  into  the  Apure.  150  m.  S.  W.  Caraccas.  Lat. 
9°  20'  N.     Pop.  5,400. 

Pao,  Conception  del,  t.  Caraccas,  in  Barcelona, 
84  m.  S.  E.  Caraccas,  165  from  Cumana. 

Pao,  Conception  del.    See  Quillota. 

Pao,  r.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  which  falls 
into  the  Orinoco  from  the  N.  in  lat.  8°  5'  N.  48  m. 
W.  St.  Thomas. 

Pao  dc  JVao,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  near  the  river  Ca- 
marones,  belonging  to  the  Portuguese. 

Paola,  or  Paula,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra, 
55  m.  S.  by  E.  Policastro.     Pop.  4,500. 

Paoli,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Paoli,  p-t.  and  cap.  Orange  co.  Indiana,  40  m.  E. 
Vincennes. 

Paaom,  one  of  the  smaller  New  Hebrides.  Lon. 
168°  20'  W.    Lat.  16°  30'  S. 

Pao-ting,  city  of  China,  77  m.  S.  S.  W.  Pekin. 
Lon.  115"  14'  E.    Lat.  38°  54'  N. 

Papa,  t.  Hungarj',  25  m.  S.  by  W.  Raab.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Papagayo,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  25  m.  N.  Acapulco.  Lon.  101°  46'  W. 
Lat.  11°  10'  N. 

Papagayo,  gulf  on  the  W.  side  of  the  isthmus  of 
Nicaragua.     Lon.  87°  36'  W.    Lat.  11°  10'  N. 

Pfipunlla,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  district  of  Mexico,  105 
m.  N.  E.  Mexico.  Lon.  97"  36'  W.  Lat.  20° 
27'  N. 

Papas,  lake,  S.  America,  40  m.  S.  Popayan.  It 
is  the  source  of  tiie  great  river  Magdalena. 

Pupa-Stour,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  a  mile 
W.  of  the  mainland,  2  miles  long,  and  1  broad. 
Pop.  280. 

Papa-Stronsay,  isl.  of  Orkney,  on  the  N.  E.  side 
of  Sfronsay. 

Papa-Westray,  isl.  of  Orkney,  3  m.  N.  Westray, 
25  from  Kirkwall.  It  is  about  4  miles  long,  and  1 
broad. 

Papendrecht.  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,000. 

Paperiille,  p-v.  Sullivan  co.  Tennessee. 

Paphos,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  the  island  of  Cy- 
prus, celebrated  for  its  temple  dedicated  to  the 
worship  of  Venus. 

Pappal,  district  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo, 
Lat.  5°  30'  N. 

Pappelau,  v.  Wirtemberg,  8  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ulm. 

Pappenburg,  t.  Hanover,  20  m.  S.  S.  E.  Emb- 

den.    Lon.  7°2S'E.    Lat.  53"  4'  N.    Pop.  3,300 


PAR 


559 


Pappenheim,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Altmuhl,  15  m. 
N.  E.  Donawert.     Pop.  2,000. 

Papua.     See  J^ew  Guinea. 

Papudo,  port  of  Chili.  Lat.  32°  36'  S. 

Para,  Gran,  province  of  Brazil,  bounded  N.  by 
the  great  river  Amazons,  E.  by  Maranham,  S.  by 
Goias  and  Matta  Grosso.  The  chief  productions 
are  sugar,  coffee,  and  cocoa. 

Para,  Gran,  the  capital  of  the  above  province, 
is  on  the  Tocantins,  60  m.  from  its  mouth,  Lon. 
48°  33'  W.  Lat.  1°  30'  S.     Pop.  10,000. 

Para,  r.  of  the  above  province,  which  is,  prop- 
erly speaking,  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Amazons. 
It  runs  about  200  miles  in  a  N.  E.  direction,  sepa- 
rating the  island  of  Joannes  from  the  continent. 

Paracassa,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Amazons 
in  lat.  4°  42'  S. 

Paracatu,  v.  Brazil,  270  m.  N.  W.  Tejuco. 
Gold  is  found  in  considerable  quantities  in  its  vi- 
cinity. 

Paradanga,  t.  Bengal,  in  Cooch  Behar  33  m.  N. 
E.  Rungpore. 

Parade,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  6  m.  E, 
Tonneins.     Pop.  1,500. 

Paradise,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,548. 

Paragoana,  peninsula  of  Venezuela,  which  i? 
united  to  the  continent  by  a  very  narrow  isthmus, 
on  which  stands  the  city  of  Coro.  The  isthmus  is 
about  a  league  in  width,  from  which  the  peninsu- 
la stretches  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  20  leagues. 

Paragoana,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Venezuela,  13 
leagues  from  the  city  of  Coro.  Lat.  1 1°  52'  N. 

Paragong,  t.  Hind,  in  Boo  tan,  famous  lor  its 
manufactureof  swords,  daggers,  arrows,  and  mol- 
ten images  of  Boodh.  Lon.  89°  21'  E.  Lat.  27* 
43/ N. 

Paraguay,  a  province  within  the  limits  of  the 
old  Viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  lying  between 
the  great  rivers  Paraguay  and  Parana,  and  bound- 
ed N.  by  Brazil.  Extent,  43,000  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
110,000.  The  forests  abound  with  fine  timber, 
mahogany,  and  several  other  kinds  of  beautiful 
wood,  suited  to  cabinet  work.  The  sugar  canp 
grows  well,  and  all  European  fruit  trees  flourish 
and  produce  abundantly.  But  the  most  peculiar 
production  is  the  herb  called  matte,  which  is  used 
as  a  substitute  for  tea  all  over  S.  America,  and 
forms  one  of  the  principal  articles  of  export  from 
this  province.  The  present  inhabitants  of  Para- 
guay are  said  to  be  a  mixture  of  the  European 
Spaniards,  and  natives,  with  perhaps,  more  than 
half,  Indian.  They  are  remarkably  peaceful  and 
silent,  strongly  attached  to  their  country,  and 
averse  to  strangers.  It  is  rare  to  meet  with  a  na- 
tive of  Paraguay  who  cannot  read  and  write,  and 
who  does  not  understand  the  rudiments  of  arith- 
metic. 

Paraguay,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  Brazil^ 
in  lat.  12°  S.  runs  south  into  Buenos  Ayres,  passes 
by  the  city  of  Assumption,  and  after  receiving  the 
Pilcomayo  and  Vermejo  from  the  west,  falls  into 
the  Parana  750  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels  as  far  as  Assumption.  Its 
length  from  its  source  to  its  junction  with  the  Par- 
ana is  about  1,000  miles. 

Paraguay.     See  Palawan. 

Paraiba,  province,  Brazil,  with  a  mild  climate 
and  fertile  soil,  abounding  with  Brazil  wood  and 
sugar.  Paraiba,  the  capital,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  river  Paraiba,  about  10  miles  from  the  sea. 
Lon.  35°  10'  W.  Lat.  6°  57'  N.    Fop.  4,000. 

Paraiba,  r.  Brazil,  in  Rio  Janeiro,  which  enterp 
the  Atla-ntio,  in  lat.  21°  34'  30^'  S. 


560 


PAR 


Paramaiba,  r  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  Ion.  43"  46'  W.  lat.  2°  32'  S. 

Paramaribo,  t.  Guiana,  and  cap.  of  Surinam,  is 
on  Surinam  river,  about  18  miles  from  its  mouth. 
All  the  streets,  which  are  perfectly  straight,  are 
lined  with  orange,  tamarind,  and  lemon  trees, 
which  appear  in  everlasting  bloom.  The  exports 
are  coffee,  sugar,  cocoa,  cotton,  and  indigo  :  the 
imports  flour,  beef,  pork,  herrings,  salted  macka- 
rel,  spermaceti  candles,  horses,  lumber,  and  Euro- 
pean manufactures.  It  is  a  lively  place,  being 
crowded  with  planters,  sailors,  soldiers,  Jews,  In- 
dians, and  negroes,  while  the  river  is  constantly 
covered  with  barges.  Pop.  about  20,000.  In 
January  ISa'l,  a  great  fire  destroyed  about  one 
third  of  the  town. 

Paramatta,  t.  New  Holland,  on  the  E.  coast,  at 
the  head  of  Port  Jackson  harbour.  Here  is  a  school 
for  the  education  and  civilization  of  the  aborigines 
of  the  country.  In  Feb.  1820,  there  were  25  New 
Zealanders  at  this  place  receiving  instruction.  25 
m.  W.  Sydney.     Pop.  in  1818, 1,200. 

Paramilhia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  19  m. 
S.  W.  Joannina. 

Paran,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  wilderness  between  Mid- 
ian  and  Egypt,  which  still  bears  this  name. 

Parana,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  Brazil,  in  the  province  of  Minas  Geraes, 
and  running  S.  W.  about  1,200  miles,  receives 
the  Paraguay  from  the  N.  after  which  it  pursues  a 
southerly  course  for  several  hundred  miles  and 
joins  the  Uraguay  to  form  the  La  Plata.  In  lat. 
24°  is  the  fall  or  rapid  of  Itu,  formed  by  a  collec- 
tion of  rocks,  that  rise  in  separate  masses,  and  leave 
channels  for  the  passage  of  the  water.  Boats  pass 
down  without  difficulty  and  are  drawn  up  by 
ropes. 

Parana,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  coast  of  the  island  of 
Marajo.     Lon.  5 1°  36'  W.  Lat.  0"  1 2'  S. 

Paravadi,  or  Praradee,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulga- 
ria, 115  m.  N.  N.  E.  Adrianople, 

Paray  le  Monial,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loir, 
6  m.  W.  Charolles,  16  E.  S.  E.  Bourbon  Lancy. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Parce,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the  river  Sarthe. 
Pop.  2,200. 

Parchim,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  20  m.  S.  E.  Schwerin.     Pop.  3,200. 

Parchwitz,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  Katzbach, 
10  m.  E.  N.  E.  Liegnitz.     Pop.  800. 

Parcipany,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  a  branch  of 
the  Passaic,  15  N.  N.  W.  Newark. 

Parcsow,  t.  Poland,  30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lublin.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Pardaillan,  t.  Fi-ance,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  12 
m.  N.  Marmande.     Pop.  800. 

Pardo,  Rio,  r.  Brazil,  which  enters  the  Parana 
in  lat.  20"  S. 

Pardubitz,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  60  m.  E. 
Prague.    Pop.  3,000. 

Parecchia,  or  Paros,  cap.  of  the  island  of  Paros, 
in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  island.     Lon.  25°  24'  E.  Lat.  37"  8'  N. 

Paredon  del  Este,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  77°  50'  W.  Lat.  22°  16'  N. 

Paredon  del  Medics,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast 
of  Cuba.     Lon.  78°  6'  W.  Lat.  22°  16'  N. 

Parello,  t.  Piedmont,  4  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ivrea,  20  N. 
Turin. 

Parellones,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Span- 
ish Main,  near  the  coast  of  Darien.  Lon.  79°  30' 
W.  Lat.  9°  37'  N. 

Parcnzo,  t.  Austrian  States,  on  the  W.  goast  of 


PAR 

Istria.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.    Pop.  2,100.    30  mB. 
Trieste.     Lon.  13°  40'  E.  Lat.  15°  18'  N. 

Parey,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe.  A 
canal  extends  from  this  town  to  the  Havel.  Pop, 
1,000.    21  m.  N.  N.  E.  Magdeburg. 

Parga,  s-p.  on  the  coast  of  Albania,  opposite  to 
the  southern  point  of  the  island  of  Corfu.  It  i? 
on  a  rock  washed  on  three  sides  by  the  sea,  and 
backed  by  a  precipitous  cliff,  having  on  the  sum- 
mit an  almost  impregnable  citadel.  In  1819,  it 
was  surrendered  to  Ali  Pacha,  the  tyrant  of  Al- 
bania, when  most  of  the  inhabitants  removed  to 
the  Ionian  islamds.    30  m.  S.  W.  Joannina. 

Parham,  t.  and  harbor,  on  the  N.  side  of  the^ 
island  of  Antigua,  5  m.  W.  St.  John's. 
Parham' s  store,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  Va. 
Pari,  r.  Peru,  which  rises  in  the  province  of 
Tarma,  and  falls  into  the  Amazons. 

Paria,  province  of  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  bounded  N.  by  Pacajes,  N.  E.  by  Oruro,  E. 
and  S.  E.  by  Porco,  S.  W.  by  Lipes,  and  W.  by 
Caranjas.  Pop.  10,000.  Paria,  the  capital,  is 
210  m.  N.  W.  La  Plata.  Lon.  68"  20'  W.  Lat.  18° 
50' S. 

Paria,  Gulf  of,  a  gulf  of  S.  America,  in  the 
Caraccas,  which  has  on  the  W.  the  province  of 
Cumana,  and  on  the  E.  the  island  of  Trinidad. 
It  is  25  leagues  from  E.  to  W.  and  15  from  N.  to 
S. :  there  is  anchorage  in  all  that  extent,  but  its 
depth  varies  from  8  to  30  fathoms.  In  fact,  this 
gulf  is  a  real  port,  which  for  excellence  and  ex- 
tent vies  with  the  handsomest  in  the  world. 

Paria,  cape,  S.  America,  opposite  the  island  of 
Trinidad.     Lon.  62°  1'  W.  Lat.  9°  12'  N. 
Paria,  Lake  of.     See  Chucuito. 
Parigne  U  Eveque,  t.  France,  in  Sartlie,  9  m.  S- 
E.  Le  Mans.    Pop.  2,800. 

Parima,  lake,  Guiana.  Lon.  45°  20'  W.  Lat.  3' 
40' N. 

Parima,  or  Branca,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises 
in  the  above  lake,  and  running  S.  above  400  miles, 
enters  the  Rio  Negro  by  four  mouths. 

Parina-cochas,  province,  Peru,  bounded  N.  by 
Aimaraes,  N.  W.  by  Velcas-huaman,  E.  by  Chim- 
bivilcas,  S.  by  Arequipa,  and  W.  by  Lucanas. 
Pop.  11,300. 

Paripura,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic in  lon.  35°  26'  W.  Lat.  9°  42'  S. 

Paris,  the  capital  of  France,  and  one  of  the  fin- 
est cities  in  the  world,  is  situated  on  a  plain  on  the 
banks  of  the  Seine.  It  is  surrounded  with  a  wall, 
17  miles  in  circuit.  All  the  streets  are  lighted  by 
reflecting  lamps,  suspended  at  a  great  height  in 
the  middle  of  the  street.  No  street  in  London  can 
compare  with  the  Boulevards  of  Paris.  They  oc- 
cupy the  space  appropriated  to  the  defence  of  the 
town  in  former  ages,  when  its  circumference  did 
not  exceed  7  miles.  This  space  is  from  200  to  300 
feet  broad,  and  its  waving  line  adds  greatly  to  the 
beauty.  The  finest  square  is  the  Place  Vendome, 
an  octagonal  space,  surrounded  by  elegant  stone 
buildings.  It  is  500  feet  long,  and  400  broad. 
The  Champ  de  Mars  is  an  oblong  park  on  the  S. 
W.  of  Paris,  extending  from  the  Military  School 
to  the  river,  and  bordered  on  each  side  by  several 
rows  of  trees.  The  Palais  Royal,  situated  towards 
the  centre  of  Paris,  has  long  Ctjased  to  be  a  royal 
residence.  It  is  a  centre  of  amusement,  and  the 
general  rendezvous  of  the  foreigners  who  visit  Pa- 
ris. The  nocturnal  loungers  and  the  votaries  ol 
dissipation,  scattered  in  London  over  so  wide  a 
space,  are  in  Paris  collected  in  this  central  spot. 


PAR 

The  Seine,  flowing  from  E.  to  W.  intersects  Paris 
nearly  in  the  middle.  The  opposite  sides  are  unit- 
ed by  numerous  bridges.  In  palaces  and  public 
structures  of  the  first  rank,  Paris  is  greatly  superi- 
op-to-liondon.  The  Tuileries,  the  present  royal 
residence,  is  a  long  pile  of  building,  extending 
from  N.  to  S.  about  1,000  feet.  It  is  a  noble  and 
venerable  structure.  The  Louvre  is  only  a 
quarter  £>f  a  mile  to  the  east  of  the  Tuileries,  and 
on  the  same  side  of  the  Seine.  Its  form  is  square, 
with  a  large  interior  court,  400  feet  by  400.  It  is 
used  as  a  depot  for  objects  of  taste  and  art.  The 
gallery  of  the  Louvre  is  a  very  long  range,  de- 
tached from  the  main  building,  and  extending  par- 
allel to  the  bank  of  the  river,  all  the  way  to  the 
Tuileries.  The  palace  of  the  Luxembourg  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  symmetry  of  its  proportions. 
One  of  its  halls  forms  the  chamber  of  peers.  The 
Palais  Bourbon,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Paris,  is  a  splendid  building*.  Part 
of  it  is  now  appropriated  to  the  house  of  commons. 
Of  the  edifices  unconnected  with  the  crown,  the 
first  rank  is  due  to  the  Hotel  dee  Invalides,  a  very 
large  and  elegant  structure,  fit  to  be  compared  to 
the  Greenwich  hospital,  for  its  object,  its  architec- 
ture, and  in  some  mesisure  for  the  distribution  of 
the  adjacent  grounds.  Stone  is  generally  used  for 
building,  instead  of  brick,  there  being  extensive 
quarries  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  The  private 
houses  are  considerably  higher  than  in  London, 
having  frequently  five,  six,  and  sometimes  seven 
stories.  The  most  striking  public  monument  is 
the  Column  of  the  Place  Vendome,  erected  by  Bo- 
naparte to  commemorate  his  successes  in  Germa- 
ny in  1805.  It  is  a  great  brazen  pillar,  12  feet  in 
diameter ;  its  height  133  ;  its  form  in  imitation  of 
Trajan's  pillar  at  Rome;  the  expense  of  its  erec- 
tion £60,000.  A  spiral  band  runs  all  along  the 
pillar  to  the  top,  separating  each  range  of  bas  re- 
liefs. On  the  summit  is  a  gallery  and  dome.  A 
line  bronze  statue  of  Henry  IV.  was  erected  in 
1818,  on  the  Pont  Neuf.  The  hospitals  of  Paris 
are  numerous  and  well  managed.  The  largest  by 
far  is  the  Hotel  Dieu  ;  after  it,  come  the  hospitals 
de  la  Charite,  St.  Antoine,  Beaujon,  dcs  Enfans 
Malades,  and  others,  to  the  number  in  all  of  1 1. 
Distinct  from  these  are  the  Hospices,  or  establish- 
ments where  the  aged,  the  infirm,  the  lunatics,  are 
received  and  supported,  on  paying  a  small  sum. 
The  hospitals  are  all  under  a  general  board,  ap- 
pointed by  government.  The  funds  for  their  sup- 
port arise  principally  from  the  public  treasury. 
The  catacombs  are  subterraneous  quarries,  exca- 
vated in  the  course  of  ages  for  the  building  of 
Paris,  and  converted  in  the  latter  part  of  the  18th 
century,  into  a  great  burying  repository.  They 
stretch  along  the  S.  part  of  Paris,  are  of  great  ex- 
tent, and  being  easily  traversed  with  the  aid  of  a 
guide,  form  a  prominent  object  of  attention  to 
travellers. 

At  the  head  of  the  literary  associations  is  the  In- 
stitute, a  body  composed  of  nearly  200  members, 
and  divided,  since  1816,  into  four  academies.  It 
comprises,  as  members  or  correspondents,  a  large 
proportion  of  the  literary  or  scientific  characters 
of  the  country.  The  Bureau  des  Longitudes  is 
composed  of  eminent  astronomers  and  geometri- 
cians. The  university  comprises  a  number  of 
classes  for  each  of  the  five  faculties,  viz.  theology, 
law,  medicine,  classics,  sciences,  meaning  by  the 
last  chemistry,  botany,  mathematics,  and  astrono- 
my. The  admission  to  the  lectures  is  gratuitous. 
Paris  contains  also  four  Jvcee?  or  o-reat  public 

71 


PAR 


561 


schools,  viz.  the  College  Louis  le  Grand,  the  Col- 
lege of  Henry  IV,  the  College  of  Bourbon,  the 
College  of  Charlemagne.  There  is,  moreover,  the 
College  Royal  de  France.  At  the  Jardin  des  Plan- 
tes  are  no  less  than  13  classes  for  botany,  zoology, 
geology,  mineralogy,  chemistry,  &c.  To  these 
are  to  be  added  the  Ecole  Royale  des  Beaux- Arts, 
or  school  for  painting,  sculpture,  and  architecture. 
The  Military  School  is  for  the  education  of  500 
youths,  generally  the  sons  of  officers  who  have 
fallen  in  the  service  of  their  country.  The  Ecole 
Polytechnique  is  for  the  education  of  engineers. 

Paris  is  very  rich  in  libraries,  which  are  acces- 
sible to  all  persons  without  introduction.  The  li- 
brary of  the  king,  the  largest  library  in  Europe, 
contains  upwards  of  360,000  printed  volumes, 
72,000  manuscripts,  5,000  volumes  of  engravings, 
and  a  rare  and  curious  collection  of  antiquities 
and  medals.  Amidst  the  collections  of  interest  to 
artists,  those  of  the  Louvre  hold  the  first  rank.  Of 
the  ground  floor  of  that  spacious  building,  a  great 
part  is  appropriated  to  statues  and  other  speci- 
mens of  sculpture,  ancient  and  modern,  distribu- 
ted in  spacious  halls,  and  arranged  with  much 
taste.  From  these  a  magnificent  staircase  leads  to 
the  gallery  of  paintings.  It  is  of  such  length,  that 
the  extremity  is  almost  lost  in  the  distance,  and  is 
lined  on  both  sides  with  the  finest  productions  of 
modern  painters.  They  are  divided  into  the 
French,  the  Italian,  and  the  Flemish  schools- 
The  number  of  pieces  is  upwards  of  1,100,  and  an- 
nually on  the  increase.  The  Jardin  des  Plantes 
is  a  garden  of  an  oblong  form,  nearly  half  a  mile  in 
length,  laid  out  with  great  taste,  and  exhibiting  in 
miniature,  groups  of  plants  of  almost  every  region 
in  the  globe  ;  also  a  collection  of  animals  of  the 
most  different  latitudes,  as  lions,  elephants,  bears, 
&c. 

Of  the  public  gardens  and  walks,  the  finest  and 
most  frequented  are  those  of  the  Tuileries,  which 
extend,  in  a  beautiful  oblong,  to  the  westward  of 
the  palace.  They  are  laid  out  most  elegantly  with 
gravelled  walks,  terraces,  plots  of  flowers  and 
shrubs,  groves  of  lofty  trees,  basins  of  water,  and 
jets  (feau,  interspersed  with  beautiful  statues  of 
bronze  and  marble.  This  delightful  spot  forms 
the  favourite  walk  of  the  Parisians,  and  is  crowd- 
ed on  Sundays  during  tlie  day,  and  in  the  rest  of 
the  week  in  the  evenings,  with  well  dressed  per- 
sons. The  gardens  of  the  Luxembourg,  the  Jar- 
din des  Plaates,  and  the  Champs  Elysees,  also  af- 
ford very  pleasant  walks  ;  and  the  Boulevards  in 
the  summer  evenings  present  an  animated  scene. 

The  manufactures  of  Paris,  as  of  London,  con- 
sist chiefly  of  articles  of  taste  or  nice  workman- 
ship, such  as  jewellery,  watches,  clocks,  porce- 
lain, cabinet  ware,  mathematical  instruments, 
silks,  artificial  flowers,  plate  glass,  ornamental  ar- 
ticles in  bronze,  cottons,  carpets,  Sic.  The  com- 
merce of  the  city  is  cai'ried  on  principally  by  land 
carriage,  the  Seine,  the  Oise,  the  Marne,  and  the 
Canal  de  Briare,  being  used  only  for  the  transport 
of  wood  and  other  bulky  articles.  Tlie  colonial 
and  other  foreign  produce  consumed  in  Paris,  is 
imported  chiefly  at  Havre  de  Grace.  Coal  is 
very  little  used  ;  the  common,  or  almost  universal 
fuel,  is  wood,  though  considerably  more  expensive 
than  coal.  The  expense  of  living  is  about  30  per 
cent,  less  than  in  London.  Pop.  in  1792,  com- 
puted at  550,000  ;  in  18 17,  according  to  actual  sur- 
vey, 715,000.  260  m.  S.  by  E.  London,  270  3.  by 
W.  Amsterdam,  700  W.  ^'ienna,  750  N.  W. 
Rome,  1.400  S.  W.  Si.  Petersbni^.    The  ro,T»'- 


sm 


PAR 


PAS 


observatory  stands  in  Ion.  2°  20'  15"  E.  lat.  48"  66' 
44"  N. 

Paris,  p-t.  and  cap.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  46  m.  N. 
W.  Portland,  160  N.  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  1,320. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  and  2  churches. 

Paris,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  101  m.  N.  W.  Alba- 
ny. Pop.  3,418.  In  this  town  is  the  village  of 
Clinton. 

Paris,  p-t.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

Paris,  or  Bourbonton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bourbon  co. 
Kentucky,  on  a  small  creek  that  runs  into  Lick- 
ing river.  It  has  two  churches,  a  printing  office, 
and  a  number  of  warehouses  and  mechanic  shops. 
The  greater  part  of  the  buildings  are  of  brick.  20 
m.  E.  Lexington,  and  65  S.  S.  E.  Newport.  Lat. 
38"  14'  N.     Pop.  838. 

Paris,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  390. 

Paris,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Indiana. 

Parkany.     See  Baracan. 

Parker,  r.  Mass.  which  falls  into  Plumb  island 
found. 

Parker,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  399. 

Parker,  Pointy  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Admi- 
ralty island,  in  Chatham's  strait.  Lon.  205"  29'  E. 
Lat.  67°  37' N. 

Parker^s  Island,  or  Ruskohegan,  isl.  Maine,  at 
Ihe  mouth  of  the  Kennebeck.  It  is  in  the  town- 
ship of  Georgetown. 

Parkersburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wood  co.  Va.  on  the 
Ohio. 

Parkersloun,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  25  m.  W.  N. 
W.Windsor.     Pop.  111. 

Parkinson's  Ferry,  p-v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

Parkman,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  E. 
Norridgewock. 

Parkman,  p-t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  the  bead 
waters  of  G  rand  river. 

Parkundy,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  75°  38'  E. 
Lat.  24°  19'  N, 

Parkur,  small  district,  Hind,  in  Gugcrat,  about 
24"  N.  lat. 

Parlasco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  lake  of  Como, 
5  m.  N.  Como. 

Parlow,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes,  on  a  river 
which  flows  into  Parlow  bay.  Lat.  1"  S. 

Parma,  duchy,  Italy,  bounded  N.  by  Lombardy, 
E.  by  Modena,  and  S.  and  W.  by  Tuscany.  The 
duchy  is  divided  into  four  districts,  viz.  Parma, 
Placenza,  Borgo  San  Domino,  and  Guastalla.  Ex- 
tent, 2,280  square  miles.  Pop.  377,000.  The  in- 
habitants are  almost  all  Catholics.  Revenue, 
160,000/.  By  the  treaty  of  Paris  in  1814,  this 
duchy  was  given  to  the  ex-empress  Maria  Louisa, 
devolving,  on  her  death,  to  Austria  and  Sardinia  ; 
a  provision  modified  by  subsequent  arrangements, 
the  latest  of  which,  in  1818,  stipulated,  that  in  re- 
turn for  certain  equivalents,  this  territory  should 
eventually  devolve  to  Spain. 
.  Parma,  city,  Italy,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  the 
same  name,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  the  river  Parma. 
It  is  still  surrounded  by  a  ditch  and  mound.  Its 
outworks  are  neglected  and  ruinous.  The  build- 
ings of  the  university  are  large  and  elegant.  The 
average  number  of  students  is  about  400.  The 
manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silk,  and  in  a  small 
degree,  of  hats  ;  also  of  fustian.  Its  printing  es- 
tablishment is  well  known  for  its  elegant  editions 
of  the  classics.  30  m.  W.  by  N.  Modena,  70  S.  E. 
Milan.  Lon.  10°  20'  E.  Lat.  44°  48' N.  Pop.  30,000. 

Parma,  r.  Italy,  which  falls  into  the  Po  near  Vi- 


Parma,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio, 25  m.  N.  E.  Batavia.    Pop.  494. 


Parnassus,  the  highest  mountain  of  Greece,  in 
Phocis,  (now  part  of  Livadia),  to  the  N.  W.  of 
Mount  Helicon. 

Paros,  isl.  in  the  central  part  of  the  Grecian 
archipelago,  to  the  W.  of  Naxos,  between  25°  12 
and  25"  26'  E.  lon.  and  36°  57'  and  37°  13'  N.  lat. 
40  miles  in  circumference.  Its  principal  product  is 
cotton ;  but  corn,  wine,  fruit,  and  vegetables,  are 
likewise  raised.  The  port  of  Naussa  is  capable 
of  containing  about  100  sail  of  vessels,  and  is  well 
sheltered.  In  ancient  times  Paros  owed  its  chief 
celebrity  to  its  marble,  so  famed  for  whiteness 
and  solidity.  The  Apollo  Belvidere,  the  Venus 
de  Medicis,  and  several  other  celebrated  pieces  of 
sculpture,  are  of  this  beautiful  material.  Pop.  not 
above  2,000. 

Parparsarat,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca,  near 
the  coast  of  Sumatra,  about  50  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Lon.  102°  15'  E.  Lat.  1°  21'  N. 

Parr,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  W.  by  S. 
Newton  in  Wakerfield.     Pop.  1,405. 

Parra,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Panama.  Lat.  8^ 
20' N. 

Parras,  t,  Mexico,  in  Durango,  230  ra.  N.  Du- 
rango.  Lon.  105°  12'  W.  Lat.  26°  35'  N.  Pop. 
7,000. 

Parret,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Bristol  chan- 
nel at  Bridge  water  bay. 

Parriah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  52'  E.  Lat. 
26°41'N. 

Parrida,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast 
of  Veragua.  Lat.  7°  16'  N. 

Parrishville,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  S.  E. 
of  Ogdensburg. 

Parsonauth,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lat,  &c.  not 
ascertained. 

Parsons,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  formerly  a  parish  of 
Newbury,  and  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1819. 

Parsonsjield,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  38  m.  N.  W. 
Portland,  118  N.  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  in  1818, 
above  2,500.  It  contains  5  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship, 3  for  Baptists,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and 
1  for  Quakers. 

Partalpour,  t.  Bengal,  in  Midnapore.  Lon.  87° 
50'  E.  Lat.  22°  21'  N. 

Partanico,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Mazzara,  24 
m.  from  Palermo.     Pop.  5,000. 

Partapar,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  85°  28'  E. 
Lat.  25"  54'  N. 

Partevkirche,  t.  Bavai'ia,  48  m.  S.  S.  W.  Munich. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Parthenay,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  21  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Niort,  24  N.  W.  Poitiers.     Pop.  3,200. 

Parlhia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  an  extensive  country  of 
Asia,  bounded  N.  by  Hyrcania,  E.  by  Ariana,  S. 
by  the  deserts  of  Caramauia,  and  W.  by  Media. 

Parton,  v.  Eng.  in  Cumbei'land,  1^  m.  from 
Whitehaven.     Pop.  478. 

Partridge,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
Newfoundland.  Lon.  56°  W.  Lat.  15°  15'  N. 

Partridges,  Isle  of.     See  Biia. 

Partridge'' s  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Van  Diemen's  Land.  Lat.  43°  23'  30"  S. 

Parupanada,  t.  India,  in  Malabar.  Lon.  75°  55' 
E.  Lat.  ir2'N. 

Parivich,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  6  m.  N.  by  E. 
Ashborn.     Pop. 485. 

Pas,  t.  France,  in  Pas  de  Calais,  near  Doulens. 
Pop.  900. 

Passao,  or  Passado,  Cape,  promontory,  Quito, 
25  m.  S.  of  the  equinoctial  line. 

Pascagoula,  v  Mississippi,  which  is  formed  by  the 
miion  ol  the  Chickasawhay  and  Leaf  rivers,aiid  falls 


PAS 


PAS 


563 


isito  the  gulf  of  Mexico  38  m.  W.  of  Mobile  bay, 
•ifter  a  course  of  200  miles.  Near  the  gulf  it  ex- 
pands into  a  broad  bay,  but  too  shallow  at  its  en- 
trance to  admit  vessels  drawing  more  tlian  4  feet 
water.  Above  this  bay  it  is  navigable  for  vessels 
drawing  6  feet  water  50  miles,  and  lor  boats  100 
miles  farther. 

Pascamai/o,  port,  Peru.  Lat.  7°20'  S» 

Pascataqua.     See  Piscataqua. 

Pascataquas,  r,  Maine,  which  runs  into  the  W. 
side  of  the  Penobscot,  9  m.  above  the  Passadunky. 

Pasrhkaw,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  10  m. 
from  Dubassar. 

Pasco,  t.  Peru,  167  m.  S.  W.  Guancavelica. 

Pascuaro,  t.  Mexico,  in  Valladolid,  on  a  lake  of 
the  same  name,  48  miles  in  circumference.  Pas- 
cuaro is  7,217  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  31  m. 
S.  W.  Valladolid,  125  W.  Mexico.  Lon.  101"  21' 
W.  Lat.  19°  29'  30 "  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Pas  de  Calais,  department  in  the  N.  E.  of 
France,  bounded  E.  by  French  Flanders,  W.  by 
Somme,  N.  by  the  straits  of  Dover.  Extent,  2,500 
square  miles.  Pop.  570,000.  Its  surface  is  very 
level,  and  the  soil  in  general  fertile. 

Pasitano,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  15  m, 
W.  by  N.  Salerno,  18  S.  S.  E.  Naples.  Pop.  nearly 
4,000. 

Paslcy,  Cape,  cape  on  the.  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land. Lon.  123"  26'  E.  Lat.  33"  56'  S. 

Pasman,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Austrian  Dal- 
matia,  15  miles  long,  and  2  broad.  Lon.  15°  56'  E. 
Lat.  44"  8'  N. 

Paso,  military  post  of  the  Spaniards,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  300  m.  from  San- 
ta Fe,  525  N.  Durango. 

Paspaya,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  60  m.  S.  La  Plata. 

Pasqua,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxara,  45  m.  W. 
N.  W.  La  Purification.  Lat.  20°  5'  N. 

Pasquaro.     See  Pascuaro. 

Pasquiaro,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendancy  of  Du- 
rango, S.  of  the  Rio  del  Nassas.     Pop,  5,600. 

Pasquotank,  or  Pasquetank,  r.  N.  Carolina, 
which  rises  in  Dismal  Swamp,  and  runs  into  Al- 
bemarle sound.  It  is  connected  by  a.  canal  with 
Elizabeth  river,  a  branch  of  James  river. 

Pasquotank,  co.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  N.  Caroli- 
iK).  Pop.  7,674,  including  2,295  slaves.  Chief 
*own,  Nixonton. 

Passa  del  Norte,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  del 
Norte,  200  m.  from  Sibilleta. 

P-assudunki/,  or  Passadumkeag,  r.  Maine,  which 
runs  S.  E.  and  joins  the  Penobscot,  19  m.  above 
Bangor. 

Passage,  t.  S.  America,  in  Tucuman,  116  m.  N, 
St.  Miguel  de  Tucuman. 

Passage  Canal,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  const  of  N. 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  212" 
15'  E.  Lat.  60"  48'  N. 

Passage  Fort,  t.  Jamaica,  7  m.  S.  E.  Port  Royal. 

Passage,  Great,  one  of  the  Virgin  islands,  about 
7  miles  long,  and  2  wide,  12  m.  E.  Porto  Rico. 

Passage  Island,  small  isl.  among  the  Philippines, 
■20  m.  E.  Leyta.  Lon.  125"  27'  E.  Lat.  10"  44'  N. 

Passage  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia, 
at  the  entrance  into  Howe's  sound.  Lon.  237"  3' 
E.  Lat.  49°  21'  N. 

Passage  Isle,  small  isl.  in  the  W,  coast  of  Suma- 
tra. Lon.  97"  55°  E.  Lat.  2°  31' N. 

Passage  PoiiiL  the  E.  point  of  Elizabeth's  bay, 
in  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  73"  40'  W.  Lat. 
53°  15'  S. 

Passage  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia, 
in  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  73°  40'  W.  Lat, 
ti3"15'S. 


Passages,  Los,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  4  m. 
E.  N.  E.  St.  Sebastian.  Lon.  1"  55'  W.  Lat.  43' 
20'30"N.     Pop.  1,700. 

Passaic,  r.  N.  J.  which  rises  in  Morris  county, 
and  flows  S.  into  Newark  bay.  It  is  navigable  10 
miles  for  small  vessels.  At  Patterson  is  the  cata- 
ract or  great  falls,  where  the  river,  40  yards  wide, 
moves  in  a  slow  gentle  current,  until  coming  with- 
in a  short  distance  of  a  deep  cleft  in  a  rock  which 
crosses  the  channel,  it  falls  70  feet  perpendicular 
in  one  entire  sheet,  presenting  a  scene  of  singular 
grandeur  and  beauty. 

Passais,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  6  m.  S.  W.  Dom- 
front     Pop.  2,300. 

Passaman,  one  of  the  most  northern  provinces  of 
Sumatra,  nearly  under  the  equator. 

Passamaquoddy  Bay,  bay  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  the 
British  province  of  New  Brunswick.     It  is  about 

6  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  12  from  E.  to  W.  It 
contains  a  number  of  islands,  as  Campo  Bello, 
Deer,  Moose,  Dudley,  and  Frederick.  It  receives 
3  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Schoodic. 

Passao,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.  0" 
30' S. 

Passargc,  r.  East  Prussia,  which  falls  into  the 
Frische  Haff,  at  Braunsberg. 

Passaro,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  at 
the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Sicily,  24  m.  S.  Syracuse. 

Passaro,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Sicily. 
Lon.  15"  5'  E.  Lat.  36"  35'  N. 

Passarouang,  t.  and  fort  on  the  N.  shore  of  Java. 
576  m.  E.  Batavia.  Lon.  113°  10'  E.  Lat.  7"  36'  S. 

Passarowilz,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Servia,  near  the 
Morawa,  12  m.  E.  Semendria,  33  E.  S.  E.  Belgrade, 

Passau,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Inu 
and  Danube.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  a 
bishopric,  and  is  still  a  bishop's  see.  The  fortifi- 
cations are  of  considerable  strength.  86  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Munich,  138  W.  by  N.  Vienna.  Lon.  13"  25'  E. 
Lat.  48"  36'  N.  Pop.  7,000.  The  bishopric  of  Pas- 
sau comprised  a  tract  of  country  lying  between 
Bavaria,  Bohemia,  and  Upper  Austria.  Extent, 
470  sq.  miles.  Pop.  60,000.  It  was  secularized  in 
1803;  and  since  1815,  the  part  lying  on  the  west  of 
the  Inn  belongs  to  Bavaria,  and  the  rest  to  Austria. 

Passberg,  or  Pass,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  Istria, 
25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Trieste. 

Passehendale,  v.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders, 

7  m.  N.  E.  Ypres,  22  S.  by  W.  Bruges.  Pop.  2,600. 

Passenheim,  t.  East  Prussia,  73  m.  S.  by  E.  Ko- 
nigsberg.     Pop.  900. 

Passeron  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  E.  coast 
of  Africa.  Lat.  11"  10' S. 

Passewalk,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Randow  and  the  Ucker,  17  m.  N. 
Prenzlow.     Pop.  3,200. 

Passignano,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 

8  m.  S.  E.  Cortona,  38  N.  W.  Spoleto. 

Passir,  t.  on  the  E.  side  of  Borneo,  50  m.  from 
themouthof  the  river  of  the  same  name.  A  few 
Chinese  are  settled  here,  who  are  in  possession  of 
the  principal  part  of  the  trade.  Lon.  116°  10'  E. 
Lat.  1°57'S. 

Passuma/i, districtof  Sumatra, on  the  S.W.  coast. 

Passi/,  V.  France,  on  the  Seine,  2J  m.  W.  Pa- 
ris,    Pop.  3,000. 

Pastaza,  or  Pastaca,  r.  Quito,  which  runs  more 
than  100  miles,  and  enters  the  Amazons,  in  lat.  48" 
3'  S. 

Pasto,  district  of  Popayan,  in  New  Granada. 

Pas/o,the  capital,  is  80  m.  S.S.W.  Popayan.  Lon, 
76"  46'  W.  I-at.  1°  15'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 


564 


PAT 


F  A  T 


Pasffovich,  district  at  the  S.  extremity  ol  Aus- 
trian Dalmatia,  lyin^  between  the  gulf  of  Venice 
and  Monte  Negro.     The  chief  town  is  Buclua. 

Pasumpsic,r.Vt.  rises  S.E.  of  Lake  Meinphrema- 
gog,  and  runs  S.  into  the  Connecticut,  15  or  20 
miles  above  Newbury. 

Paszio,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Zagyva,  40  m,  N. 
N.E.Pest. 

Patagonia,  or  Land  of  Magellan,  country,  S. 
America,  bounded  N.  by  Buenos  Ayres,  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  S.  by  the  straits  of  Magellan,  and  W.  by 
the  South  Pacific  ocean  ;  extending  from  63°  to 
75°  W.  Ion.  and  from  38"  to  54°  S.  lat.  The  peo- 
ple are  reported  to  be  of  a  gigantic  stature,  and 
notwithstanding  the  rigour  of  the  climate,  to  go 
naked.  That  they  are  barbarous,  is  evinced  by 
the  treatment  of  the  few  unfortunate  Europeans 
who  have  fallen  into  their  hands.  They  differ  in- 
deed in  manners,  as  they  are  divided  into  a  great 
variety  of  nations.  Towards  the  straits  they  are 
said  to  be  perfectly  savage ;  on  the  frontiers  of  the 
Spanish  and  Portuguese  they  greatly  resemble  the 
Chilians.  Some  of  the  inhabitants  seen  by  Com. 
Byron,  in  the  year  1764,  he  supposed  to  be  about 
seven  feet  in  height.  Capt.  Wallis,  in  the  year 
1766,  measured  one  of  the  tallest,  and  found  his 
height  to  be  six  feet  seven  inches  ;  but  he  says  the  • 
s:reatestpart  of  them  was  from  five  feet  ten  to  six 
feet.  Their  complexion  is  a  dark  copper  colour, 
like  that  of  the  Indians  in  North  America. 

Patan,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmcer,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
river  Chumbul.  Lon.  75°  50'  E.  Lat.  25°  17'  N. 

Patany,  port  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  peninsula  of 
Malacca,  near  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Siam.  Lon. 
101°  40' E.  Lat.  6"  50' N. 

Patapsco,  r.  Maryland,  which  runs  S.  E.  and 
flows  into  Chesapeak  bay,  between  North  Point 
and  Bodkin's  point,  which  last  is  in  lat.  39°  10'  N. 
The  river  isnavigable  to  Fell's  point  at  Baltimore, 
14  miles,  for  ships  drawing  1 8  feet  water.  About  8 
miles  above,  at  Elkridge  landing,  there  are 
falls. 

Pa!ara,  or  Patera,  place  on  the  sea  coast  of  Car- 
amania,  in  A.  Turkey.  Lon.  29°  20'  E.  Lat.  36° 
15' N. 

Patatan,  t.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon. 
il6"5'E.  Lat.  5°  50' N. 

Patavirca.     See  Patavilca. 

Patay,  t,  France,  in  Loiret,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Or- 
leans.    Pop.  1,000. 

Palaz,  jurisdiction  of  Peru,  in  the  inlendancy 
ofTruxillo.  Caxamarquilla  and  Huamachucho 
are  the  chief  towns,  both  of  little  note,  except  for 
the  gold  washing  in  the  neighborhood. 

Patchogue,  p-v.  in  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  co.N.  Y. 

Patchow  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  coast 
of  China.  The  southernmost  is  in  lon.  123°  52' 
E.  Lat.  24°  6'  N. 

Paichwary,  t.  Bengal,  in  Ranjeshy.  Lon.  87" 
42'  E.  Lat.  24"  27'  N. 

Patcoona,  t.  Bengal.  Lon.  87°  2'  E.  Lat.  23°  3'  N. 

Pateeta,  t.  Hind,  in  Benares,  8  m.  S.  Chunar. 

Pateley  Bridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  14  ra.  N. 
W.  Harrowgate. 

Paterno,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  12  m. 
W.  by  N.  Catania. 

Paternosters,  Oreat,  a  cluster  of  shoals  and  islets 
in  the  Eastern  seas,  about  120  miles  long  and  30 
broad.  Lon.  117°  10'  to  119°10'  E.  Lat.  6°30'  to 
to  7°  42'  S. 

Paternosters,  Little,  cluster  of  13  rocks  in  the 
Eastern  seas,  between  Borneo  and  Celebes. 


Palery,  district,  Hind,  in  Berar,  on  the  N.  baok 
of  the  Godavery.  Lon.  77°  8' E.  Lat.  19°18'N. 

Patesville,  p-v.  Breckenridge  co.  Ken. 

Pat  gong,  t.  Bengal,  in  Rungpore.  Lon.  88°  55' 
E.  Lat.  26°  18' N. 

Path-Head,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  \  m.  E. 
Kirkaldy.     Pop.  1,692. 

Path-Head,  v.  Scotland,  11  m.  S.  Edinburgh. 

Patitt,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  Pacific  ocean 
by  eleven  mouths,  in  lat.  2°  10'  N. 

Patience,  isl.  in  Narraganset  bay,  N.  W.  of  Pru- 
dence  island,  2  miles  long  and  1  broad. 

Patiensia,  Strait  of,  strait  between  Gilolo  island 
and  Bachian  island. 

Patiera,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Celebes, 
in  Bony  bay.     Lon.  120°  57'  E.  Lat.  3°  43'  S. 

Paligor,  t.  Russian  Poland,  84  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Kiev. 

Patincoor,  t.  India,  in  Madura.  Lon.  78°  35'  E. 
Lat.  9°  41'  N. 

Patmos,  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archipelago,  near 
the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  10  miles  long,  5  laroad, 
and  25  or  30  in  circumference.  It  is  chiefly  cele- 
brated as  being  the  spot  where  St.  John  retired, 
and  where  he  wrote  the  Apocalypse.  It  produces 
very  little,  and  it  is  now  cruelly  laid  waste  by  the 
pirates  who  infest  those  seas.  Lon.  26°  40'  E.  Lat. 
37°  30'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Patna,  a  celebrated  city  of  Hind,  and  cap.  of 
Eahar,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges.  It  contains 
some  mosques  and  temples,  but  few  of  the  houses 
exceed  one  or  two  stories  in  height.  The  neigh- 
bouring country  produces  the  finest  opium  and 
saltpetre,  and  great  quantities  of  wheat  and  other 
valuable  grains  ;  also  sugar  and  indigo.  In  1763 
the  city  was  taken  by  the  British.  The  houses  of 
the  Europeans  are  not  in  the  town,  but  in  a  sub- 
urb called  Banhypore,  a  mile  or  two  to  the  west 
of  it.  At  the  distance  of  1 1  miles  W.  stands  the 
large  militai'y  cantonments  of  Dinapore.  250  m. 
N.  W.  Calcutta.  Lon.  85°  15'  E.  Lat.  25°  37'  N. 
Pop.  estimated  at  500,000. 

Patoma,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  falls  into  the  Lena, 
in  lon.  116°a4'  E.  lat.  59°  53'  N. 

Patomack.     See  Potomac. 

Paion,  t.  Green  co.  Pa.     Pop.  297. 

Patook,  or  Puttock,  r.  Honduras,  which  runs  into 
the  bay,  in  lon.  84°  25'  \V.  lat.  15°  55'  N. 

Patos,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  in 
lat.  28°  28'  S. 

Patras,  or  Baliabadra,  s-p.  Greece,  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  the  Morea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  Lepanto.  The  ti-ade  is  considerable,  particu- 
larly with  Trieste,  Corfu,  and  Zante.  Here  arc 
resident  consuls  of  England,  France,  and  the  prin- 
cipal European  states.  10  m.  S,  by  W.  Lepanto, 
65  W.  by  N.  Corinth.  Lon.  21°  43'  E.  Lat.  38° 
33'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Patree,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  and  cap.  of  a  district 
of  the  same  name.      Lon.  71°  35'  E.  Lat.  22°  50'  N. 

Patrick,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia.  Pop. 
4,695.  Slaves  724.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Patricks  mills,  p-v.  Craven  co.  N.  C 

Patricksville,  p-v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

Patricktown,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  adjoining 
Palermo.     Pop.  138. 

Patrimonio  di  S.  Pietro,  province,  Italy,  be- 
longing to  the  States  of  the  Church.  It  lies  N.  W. 
of  Rome,  and  is  about  45  miles  long  and  35  broad. 

Patrington,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  20  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Hull.     Lon.  6"  4'  E/Lat.  53°  43'  N.     Pop.  1,016. 

Patroclea.     See  Gaidronisi. 


P  A  V 

Patschkau,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  Neisse,  5 
!n.  S.  Munsterburg.     Pop.  2,200. 

Pattan,  or  Putlun,  district,  Hind,  in  Gujerat, 
about  24"  N.  lat. 

Pattan,  t.  Hind,  in  Auningabad.  Lon.  75°  38' 
E.Lat.  19°29'N. 

Pattan,  or  Putn,  t.  Hind,  in  NepauL  Lon.  83° 
40'E.Lat.27°31'N. 

Pa«e,  s-p.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lon.  41° 
24'E.Lat.0"12'S. 

Patteeleah,  city,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  district  of  Sir- 
hind.  It  is  the  most  flourishing  town  in  the  dis- 
trict.    Lon.  75°  33'  E.  Lat.  30°  18'  N. 

Patfensee,  or  Pattensen,  t,  Hanover,  6  m.  S. 
Hanover.    Pop.  1,400. 

Patterdak,  v.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  8  m.  N. 
Ullswater,     Pop.  319. 

Patterson,  p-t.  Putnam  co,  N.  Y,  22  m.  S.  E. 
Poughkeepsie,  107  m.  S.  S.  E.  Albany.  Pop. 
1,446. 

Patterson,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Passaic. 
It  is  situated  at  the  great  falls  of  the  Passaic,  and 
contains  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  and  2  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  1  for 
Dutch  Reformed.  15  m.  N.  Newark,  97  N.  N.  E. 
Philadelphia,  Pop.  292.  It  is  well  situated  for  a 
manufacturing  town,  and  a  company  was  incor- 
porated in  1791  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging 
manufactures  of  every  kind. 

Patti,  t.  Sicily,  33  m.  W.  Messina.  Lon.  15°  2' 
E.  Lat.  38°  10'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Pattiary,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  79°  25'  E. 
Lat.27°37'N. 

Pattonsburg,  p-v,  Botetourt  co.  Va. 

Pattur,  or  Puttugotta,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges, 
7  m.  below  Colgong. 

Patucket.     See  Pawtucket. 

Patucket  Falls,  on  the  Merrimack,  between 
Chelmsford  and  Dracut,  a  little  above  the  mouth 
of  Concord  river.  The  descent  of  the  river  here 
is  28  feet.  A  canal  1^  miles  long,  is  constructed 
around  the  falls.  The  village  of  Patucket  is 
in  Chelmsford.  It  contains  a  post-office  and  2  cot- 
ton manufactories,  and  a  bridge  is  here  thrown 
across  the  river. 

Patugoa,  T.  Brazil,  which  enters  the  Atlantic, 
opposite  the  Isla  Grande. 

Paturages,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  4  m.  S. 
W.  Mons.     Pop.  3,500. 

Patuxent,  r.  Maryland,  which  empties  into  the 
VV.  side  of  the  Chesapeake,  about  15  m.  N.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Potomac.  It  admits  vessels  of  250 
tons  to  Nottingham,  46  m.  from  its  mouth,  and 
boats  to  Queen  Anne,  12  miles  higher. 

Patzau,  or  Patzow,  t.  Bohemia,  49  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Prague.     Pop.  2,200, 

Pau,  t.  in  the  S,  W,  of  France,  cap.  of  Lower 
Pyrenees,/)n  the  Gave,  15  m.  N.  E.  Aleron,  100 
S.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  0°  23'  W.  Lat.  43°  7  N.  Pop. 
9,000. 

PaucarolJa,  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.E.  by 
the  lake  of  Titicaca,  N.  by  the  province  of  Lampa, 
W,  by  Moqueha,  and  S.  by  Africa  and  Pacajes. 
Pop.  26,000. 

Paucartambo,  province  of  Peru,  bounded  N.  W. 
and  W.  by  Calca  and  Lares,  N.  E.  and  E.  by  the 
frontier  of  the  Indians,  and  S.  by  that  of  Quispi- 
canchi.  It  is  26  leagues  from  N.  to  S.  and  7  broad. 
Pop.  8,000.  Paucartambo,  the  capital,  is  33  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Cuzco.    Lat.  n''  28'  S. 

Patia,  a  delegation  of  Austrian  Italy,  in  the 
government  of  Milan.  Extent,  320  square  miles. 
Fen.  about  117.000.    Its  surface  is  for  tho  most 


PAU 


565 


part  level,  and  of  such  fertility  that  it  has  beca 
called  the  Garden  of  the  Milanese. 

Pavia,  anciently  Ticinum,  or  Papia,  t.  Aus- 
trian Italy,  cap.  of  a  delegation  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  Ticino,  4  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Po.  Pavia  is  still  surrounded  with  fortifications^ 
but  they  are  falling  to  decay.  The  university  is 
said  to  be  the  most  ancient  in  Europe,  having  been 
founded  by  Charlemagne  in  791.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop,' and  is  18  m.  b.  Milan,  80  W.  Mantua. 
Lon.  9°  9'  E.  Lat.  45°  10'  N.     Pop.  23,237. 

Pauillac,  t.  France,  on  the  Gironde.  Ships 
destined  for  Bourdeaux,  here  put  part  of  their  car- 
goes in  lighters.  12  m.  S.  E.  Lesparee,  28  N.  by 
W.  Bourdeaux.   Pop.  1,500. 

Paving,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Rouen.    Pop.  2,000. 

Paukputtun.    See  Adjodin. 

Paula,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  20  m.  W. 
Ekaterinograd. 

Paulding,  co.  Ohio,  on  Maumee  river,  adjoining 
Indiana,  and  formed,  in  1820,  in  the  Indian  reser- 
vation. 

Paulee,  or  Pauleegur,  called  aiso  Surrusgur,  a 
celebrated  fortress  and  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad, 
district  of  the  Concan.  It  is  on  the  S.  E.  side  of 
Nagootan  river,  about  20  m.  from  Bombay.  This 
fortress  was  taken  in  February  1818,by  the  British 
troops. 

Paulee,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  It  is  one  of  the 
greatest  commercial  marts  in  all  Rajpootana, 
Lat.  not  ascertained. 

Paulhaguet,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Brioude.     Pop.  900. 

Paulinskill,  r,  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware.  It  is  navigable  for  small  craft,  15 
miles. 

Paulizza,  v.  of  the  Morea,  in  Arcadia,  built  oa 
tlie  site  of  the  ancient  Phigaleia. 

Pavlograd,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav,  32 
m.  E.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon.  35°  54'  E.  Lat.  47* 
10' N. 

PauloTt,  r.  Piedmont,  which  falls  into  the  M^- 
terranean  near  Nice. 

Paulotskyt.  Russia,  14  m,  S,  S.  E.  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Paulova,  V.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  on  the  Le- 
na, 16  m.  N.  Orlenga. 

Pavlova-selo,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Niznei-Novgo- 
rod,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  6,000. 

Pavlovsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Voronez,  on  the  Don, 
76  m.  S.  S.  E.  Voronez.     Pop.  2,000. 

Paulsburg,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  22  m.  from  Lan- 
caster, 89  N.  Concord. 

Paulus  Hook.     See  Jersey  city. 

Paumanean  Islands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
from  25  to  50  leagues  E.  of  Otaheite.  The  inhabi- 
tants were  proverbial  for  their  cruelty,  supersti- 
tion, and  abominable  vices,  but  within  a  few 
years  they  have  made  an  open  profession  of  Chris- 
tianity. 

Paungul,  t.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad.  Lon.  78° 
20' E.  Lat.  16°10'N. 

Pauraiite,  r.  Venezuela,  which  empties  itself 
into  the  lake  of  Maracaibo,  in  lat.  10°  12'  N. 

Pausa,  t.  Saxony,  8  m,  W.  N.  W.  Plauen.  Pop. 
1,600. 

Pausram,  or  Pauzdram,  t.  Austrian  States,  in 
Moravia,  on  the  Schwarza,  4  m.  S.  Brunn.  Pop. 
900. 

Pautzke,  or  Putzig,  t.  West  Prussia,  26  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Dantzic.     Pop.  1,000. 


566 


PAY 


Pawanghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74'' 
20' E.  Lat.ie-'Sa'N. 

Pau'iucket,  r.  which  waters  the  S.  W.  part  of 
R.  Island,  and  runs  into  Stonington  harbour.  In 
the  latter  part  of  its  course  it  is  the  boundary  be- 
tween Connecticut  and  R.  Island. 

Pawen,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Gonong  Tellu,  on 
the  E,  coast  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  Lon.  122"  2' 
E.  Lat.  0"  18'  S. 

Pawlet,  p-t.  RuUand  co.  Vt.  39  m.  W.  Windsor. 
Pop.  2,233. 

Pawlet,  r.  which  rises  in  Vermont,  and  runs  into 
Wood  Creek  in  New- York. 

Pawling,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  E. 
Poughkeepsie,  105  S.  Albany.     Pop.  1,756. 

Pau-7i  Gamv,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowletabad,  22  m. 
S.  E.  Perinda.     Lon.  76°  12'  E.  Lat.  18°  14'  N. 

Pawiuckel,  p-v.  partly  in  North  Providence, 
R.  I.  and  partly  in  Secklionk,  Mass.  finely  situated 
on  Pawtucket  river,  at  tlie  falls,  4  m.  N.  E.  Prov- 
idence. It  contains  a  bank  and  2  churches.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  extensive  and  flourishing  manu- 
facturing places  in  the  United  States.  There  are 
in  the  town  of  IJorth  Providence,  and  chiefly  in 
the  village  of  Pawtucket,  10  cotton  mills,  6  shops 
for  making  machinery,  2  furnaces  for  casting,  1 
slitting  mill,  2  anchor  shops,  a  cut-nail  factory,  2 
screw  manufactories,  3  grain  mills,  1  clothier's 
mill,  and  1  carding  machine. 

Pauiucket,  r.  which  rises  in  Massachusetts, 
where  it  is  called  tlie  Blackstone,  and  running  S. 
E-  into  Rhode-Island,  fiiih:  into  Providence  river, 
just  below  Providence.  It  has  falls  of  about  50 
feet,  4  miles  from  its  mouth.  Below  the  falls,  the 
river  is  called  the  Seekhonk. 

Paicluxet,  r.  R.  Island,  runs  into  Providence 
river,  5  miles  below  Providence.  It  abounds  with 
falls,  which  furnish  fine  situations  for  mill  seats 
and  manufacturing  establishments.  There  are 
about  40  cotton  factories  on  this  river  and  its 
branches. 

Pawtuxet,  p-v.  and  port  of  entry,  R.  I.  partly  in 
Warwick,  and  partly  in  Cranston,  at  the  mouth  of 
Pawtuxet  river.  It  contains  above  100  dwelling 
houses,  a  church,  an  academy,  containing  usually 
about  70  students,  and  a  bank.  Pop.  1,000.  It  is 
distinguished  for  its  manufactures.  Here  are  2 
woollen  factories,  3  cotton  factories,  a  gin  dis- 
tillery, and  3  grain  mills. 

Paxaros,  or  Bird  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Cuba.     Lon.  78°  24'  W.  Lat.  19°  56'  N. 

Paxoros,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lat.  29°  40'  S. 

Paxo,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  en- 
trance of  the  Adriatic,  6  m.  S.  Corfu,  and  10  from 
the  coast  of  Albania.  It  is  one  of  the  seven  islands 
of  the  Ionian  republic.  Extent,  35  square  miles. 
It  is  inhabited  by  about  6,000  Greeks.  Lon.  20° 
21'  E.  Lat.  39°  21'  N. 

Paxton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  9  m.  N.  W. 
Worcester,  48  W.  Boston.     Pop.  619. 

Paxton,  Lower,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  Pop.  2,180. 

Paxton,  Middle,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa,      Pop.  707. 

Paxton,  Upper,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
2,274. 

Paxton.  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  Paint  creek,  15  m. 
S.  W.  Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  510. 

Pay  amino,  r.  Quito,  which  runs  S.  60  miles, 
and  enters  the  Napo,  in  lat.  1°  2'  S. 

Payana,  lake,  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland,  80  miles 
long  and  14  broad. 


PEC 

Payerne,  t  Swiss  canton  of  Lucerne,  16  m.  Wift  3 
Freyberg.  ~    " 

Payho.     See  Peiho. 

Pays  de  Vaud.     See  Vaud. 

Paz,  t.  Mexico,  in  Valladolid,  120  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Mexico.  Lon.  100"  28'  W.  Lat.  20°  59'  N.  Pop, 
about  3,000. 

Paz,  La,  city  in  a  district  of  the  same  name,  in 
Buenos  Ayres.  It  has  a  cathedral,  four  churches, 
five  convents,  and  three  nunneries.  It  is  a  bish- 
op's see,  with  very  considerable  revenues.  120 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Arequipa,  288  S.  E.  Cuzco,  612  S.  E. 
Lima.  Lon.  68°  25'  W.  Lat  17"  15'  N.  Pop. 
20,000. 

Paszano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  19  m.  N. 
N.  E.  G  irace.     Pop.  1 ,000. 

Peabody,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  Androscog- 
gin, in  Shelburne. 

Peace  River,  or  Unjigah  River,  rises  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  in  lat.  54° 
24'  N,  and  lon.  121°  W.  its  source  is  only  a  few 
miles  from  that  of  the  Columbia  river.  After  a 
N.  E.  course  of  more  than  1,000  miles,  during 
which  it  is  increased  by  the  accession  of  many 
large  rivers,  it  passes  the  Lake  of  the  Hills,  after 
which  it  is  called  Slave  river,  and  running  through 
Slave  lake,  and  afterwards  receiving  the  denomi- 
nation of  Mackenzie's  river,  it  empties  itself  into 
the  Frozen  ocean,  in  70°  N.  lat.  and  about  135° 
W.  lon, 

Peacham,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  19  m.  S.  E. 
Montpelier.  Pop.  1,30).  It  contains  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Peachboltom,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa. 

Peachtown,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y, 

Peage,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  on  the  Isere,  oppo- 
site Romans,  11  m.  N.  E.  Valence.     Pop.  1,300. 

Peaks  of  Otter,  mountains,  Bedford  co.  Va. 
They  are  summits  of  the  Blue  ridge,  and  are  con- 
sidered the  most  elevated  points  of  land  in  Vir- 
ginia. The  altitude  of  the  eastern  peak,  measured 
from  its  base,  is  nearly  4,000  feet.  30  m,  W.  by 
N.  Lynchburg. 

Pearce  Point,  a  low  and  sandy  point  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Spencer's  gulf.  New  Holland.  Lon.  137° 
21' E.   Lat.34°28iS. 

Pearl,  r.  Mississippi,  which  rises  near  lat.  33°  N. 
and,  pursuing  a  S.  course,  falls  into  the  Rigolets 
that  connect  Lake  Borgne  with  Lake  Ponchartrain. 
Its  navigation  is  at  present  obstructed  by  logs  and 
drift  wood.  From  lat.  31°  to  its  mouth,  it  sepa- 
rates Mississippi  from  Louisiana. 

Pearl  Islands,  small  islands  of  the  gulf  of  Pana- 
ma, 45  m.  from  the  city  of  Panama. 

Pearl  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies.  Lon. 
79"  13'  W.    Lat.  14°  53'  N. 

Pearl  Keys,  islets  in  the  Spanish  Main,  on  the 
Mosquito  shore.    Lon.  82°  45'  W.   Lat.  12°  26'  N. 

Pearson's  Isles,  cluster  of  small  isles  on  the  S. 
shore  of  New  Holland.  Lon.  134"  13'  E.  Lat.  33° 
57' S. 

Pease,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  7  m. 
E.  St.  Clairsville.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,700. 

Pec,  Le,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  near  St.  Ger- 
mains,  11m.  W.  Paris. 

Peccais,  fort,  France,  in  Gard,  about  half  a 
mile  from  the  sea,  11  ra.  S.  E.  Montpelier,  26  S. 
by  W.  Nimes. 

Pechlam,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Danube,  20 
m.  W.  SL  Polten.     Pop.  800. 

Peckelsheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  18  m.  E.  S,  E- 
Paderborn.     Pop.  1,200. 


PEE 


P  E  I 


567 


Peconory,  settlement,  Arkailsaw  Territory,  20 
m.  from  Cadron. 

Pecora,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
LoH.8°2rE.    Lat.  39°27'N. 

Peddabalabaram,  or  Great  Balipoor,  t.  and  for- 
tress, India,  in  xVIysore.  Lon.  77"  47'  E.  Lat.  13° 
17' N. 

Peddapore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Northern  Circars. 
Lon.  82"  15'  E.    Lat.  17"  5'  N. 

Pedes,  Great,  r.  S.  Carolina,  which  rises  in 
jSforth  Carolina,  where  it  is  called  Yadkin  river, 
and  running  S.  S.  E.  joins  the  Wakkamaw  near 
Georgetown.  The  united  streams  form  VVinyaw 
bay,  which  communicates  with  the  Atlantic  12  m, 
below  Georgetown.  The  Pedee  is  navigable  for 
boats  of  60  or  70  tons,  about  200  miles. 

Pedee,  Little,  r.  S.  Carolina,  which  unites  with 
the  Great  Pedee,  32  ra.  above  its  mouth. 

Pedena,  or  Biben,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria, 
15  m.  S.  W.  Fiume.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pederneira,  s-p.  Portugal,  18  m.  S.  W.  Leyria, 
IB  N.  E.  Peniche.  Lon.  8"  56'  E.  Lat.  39°  21'  N. 
Top.  1,100. 

Pedir,  t.  Sumatra,  on  the  W.  coast. 

Pedra  Shoals,  in  the  W.  Indies,  extend  from  lat. 
17°  20'  to  30"  N.  and  from  lon.  79°  9'  to  79°  17'  W. 

Pedra  da  Gale,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Af- 
rica.    Lat.  21"  48'  N. 

Pedras  Point,  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  7  leagues 
E.  S.£.  from  the  strait  of  St.  John's  island,  and 
75  from  Cape  North, 

Pedraza,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  21  m.  N.  E. 
Segovia. 

Pedro,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  47"  48'  E.  Lat.  14° 
50' S. 

Pedrogaon,  or  Pedra^on,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estra- 
madura,  41  m.  N.  E.  Thomar,  110  N.  E.  Lisbon. 

Peebles-shire,  or  Ttceeddale,  county,  Scotland, 
bounded  E.  and  S.  E.  by  Berwick  and  Selkirk 
shires,  S.  by  Dumfries-shire,  W.  by  Lanarkshire, 
and  N.  by  Mid-Lothian,  lies  between  53°  25'  and 
35"  30'  N.  lat.     Pop.  in  1811,  9,935. 

Peebles,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  and  cap.  of 
Perbles-shire,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  "Tweed,  22  m. 
S.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  2,200. 

Peekskill,  p-v.  in  Cortlandt,  Westchester  co.  N. 
Y.  on  the  Hudson,  near  the  mouth  of  Peekskill 
creek,  40  m.  N.  New  York. 

Peel,  or  Peel  Town,  t.  Eng.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Ideof  Man,  at  the  mouth  of  Peel  river,  chiefly 
noted  lor  the  ruins  of  its  castle  and  cathedral.  12 
m.  W.  Douglas.  Lon.  4°  41'  W.  Lat.  54°  15'  N. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Pcelas,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  is  W.  of  Basilan, 
which  is  at  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  Magindanao. 

Peeling,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  52  m.  N.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  203. 

Peene,  r.  Germany,  which  falls  into  the  Baltic 
at  Peenemunde,  and  is  navigable  as  far  as  Dem- 
min.  At  Demmin  it  forms  the  boundary  between 
Mecklenburg  and  Pomerania. 

Peenemunde,  v.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Peene,  23  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stralsund. 

Pcepee,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  19  m. 
below  Chillicothe. 

Peeply.     See  Piply. 

Peer,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  22  m.  N.  by 
W.  Maestricht,  32  N.  Liege.     Pop.  1,200. 

Peer,  small  isl.  in  the  eastern  seas.  Lon.  118° 
20'  E.    Lat.  5°  18'  S. 

Pecrgaum.  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad,  at  the  con- 


fluence of  the  Beemah  and  Sursutty  rivers.    Lon. 
75°  2' E.    Lat.  18°32'N. 

Peerpunchaul,  range  of  mountains  in  Hindostan, 
which  forms  the  southern  boundary  of  Cashmere. 

Pegau,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  river  Elster,  14  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Leipsic.     Pop.  2,300. 

Pegnas,  or  Pennas,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Spain,  in  Asturia.  Lon.  5°  53'  W.  Lat.  43" 
4.1'  N. 

Pegnitz,  r.  Bavaria,  which  joins  the  Rednitzat 
Furth,  where  the  united  stream  takes  the  name  of 
Regnitz. 

PcgThitz,  t.  Bavarian  states,  28  m.  N.  N.  E.  Nu- 
remburg.     Pop.  900. 

Pegnon  de  Velez,  fort  on  N.  coast  of  Morocco,  40 
m.  E.  Gemera,  68  W.  Melilla. 

Pego,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  41  m.  S.  by  E.  Va- 
lencia, and  12  W.  Denia.     Pop.  3,000. 

Pegon,  small  isl.  in  the  river  Caya,  on  the  S.W. 
boundary  between  Spain  and  Portugal,  4  m.  from 
Badajoz. 

Pegu,  formerly  a  kingdom  of  Asia,  but  now  a 
province  of  the  Birraan  empire.  It  is  bounded  N. 
by  Arracan  and  Ava,  E.  by  Siam,  S.  by  Siam  and 
the  sea,  and  VV.  by  the  bay  of  Bengal.  It  contains 
several  ranges  of  mountains,  but,  generally  speak- 
ing, is  level  and  fertile.  Its  chief  produce  is  rice. 
The  principal  ports  are  Siriam,  Negrais,  and  Ran- 
goon ;  but  since  the  conquest  of  the  country  by 
the  Binnans,  the  latter  is  the  only  one  open  to  Eu- 
ropeans. The  Peguers  are,  generally  speaking, 
idolaters  of  the  sect  of  Boodh. 

Pegu,  a  very  ancient  city,  and  formerly  capital 
of  the  above  kingdom.  It  was  a  fortified  town,  and 
was  supposed  to  contain  150,000  inhabitants.  The 
destruction  of  this  city  was  caused  by  its  capture 
in  1757,  by  the  Birman  emperor  Alompra,  who 
caused  parts  of  the  walls  to  be  le^'elled,  destroyed 
the  houses,  and  dispersed,  or  led  into  captivity  all 
the  inhabitants.  The  magnificent  temple  of  Shoe- 
madoo,  however,  still  exists  as  a  monument  of  the 
greatness  and  devotion  of  its  ancient  monarchs. 
It  is  in  a  plain,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Setang  river,  in 
10^96°  12' E.  lat.  17"  40' N. 

Pegunnock,  r.  New  Jersey,  a  N.  W.  branch  oi 
the  Passaic. 

Pegypscot.     See  Pejepscot. 

Peiho,  r.  China,  which  runs  into  the  Yellow  sea, 
in  lat.  39"  3'  N.  The  country  through  which  it 
flows  is  a  dead  flat,  and  the  tide  is  felt  for  400  miles 
up. 

Peila,  r.  Prussian  states,  which  falls  into  the 
Weistritz,  above  Schwcidnitz. 

Peilau,  V.  Prussian  states,  3  ni.  S.  E.  Reichen 
bach.     Pop.  1,700. 

Peina,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  river  Fu^e,  20  m.  E. 
Hanover.     Pop.  3,000. 

Peinghce,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrawuddy 
river.  At  this  place  ships  of  400  tons  burden  have 
been  built,  at  the  distance  of  200  miles  from  tht- 
sea.     Lon.  95"  50'  E.    Lat.  18"  31'  N. 

Peipus,  Lake  of,  or  Tschudkoe  Osero,  lake,  Eu. 
Russia,  about  50  miles  long,  and  35  broad.  It 
communicates  by  a  strait  with  the  lake  of  Pskov, 
and  with  the  gulf  of  Finland,  by  the  river  Na- 
rova. 

Peirah,  t.  Malacca,  on  the  W.  coast,  100  m.  N. 
W.Malacca.    Lat.  3"  40' N. 

Peisern,  or  Py^dry,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  on  the 
Wartha,  35  m.  E.  S.'E.  Posen.     Pop.  2,100. 

Peitz,  t.  Prussia,  33  m.  S.  by  W.  Frankfort  on 
the  Oder.  20  E.  S.  E.  Lubbcn.     Poo.  1.400. 


^  P  E  K 

Pejepscot,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the 
Androscoggin,  30  m.  N.  Portland,  140  N.  N.  E. 
Boston.     Pop.  805. 

Pekiangho,  r.  China,  in  Quangtong,  which  rises 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  great  range  of  mountains 
which  divides  it  from  the  province  of  Kingsee.  It 
forms  part  of  the  great  navigable  communication 
between  Peking  and  Canton. 

Peking,  or  Peking  a  great  city  of  Asia,  capital  of 
the  empire  of  China.  It  is  divided  into  the  Chi- 
nese and  Tartar  cities.  The  Tartar  city  forms 
properly  the  main  body  of  Peking,  being  surround- 
ed by  the  principal  wall,  which  incloses  an  area 
of  fourteen  square  miles.  The  Chinese  city  has 
a  wall  of  its  own,  which  incloses  an  area  of  about 
nine  square  miles.  The  suburbs  are  also  very 
large.  According  to  the  best  official  information 
which  lord  Ma.cartney  could  procure,  Peking  con- 
tains a  population  of  three  millions. 

Peking,  like  most  other  Chinese  cities,  is  laid 
out  by  the  square  and  line.  A  street  four  miles 
long  and  120  feet  broad,  reaches  from  one  gate  to 
the  other,  and  is  crossed  by  another  of  similar 
length  and  breadth.  The  other  streets  are  narrow, 
and  many  of  them  can  only  be  considered  as  lanes. 
They  are  all  unpaved,  and  covered  with  sand  and 
dust ;  but  they  are  kept  very  clean,  and  frequently 
watered.  The  principal  streets  consist  almost  en- 
tirely of  rows  of  shops,  which  are  painted,  gilded, 
and  adorned  with  much  magnificence.  Sky  blue 
and  green  mixed  with  gold,  are  the  prevailing 
colours  upon  the  walls.  The  regular  form  of  the 
streets,  the  flat  roofs,  and  the  various  ensigns  with 
which  they  are  decorated,  give  Peking  very  much 
the  appearance  of  a  large  encampment.  The 
streets  are  peculiarly  crowded,  in  consequence  of 
the  number  of  trades  that  are  carried  on  in  the 
open  air.  The  numerous  moveable  workshops 
of  tinkers  and  barbers,  coblers  and  blacksmiths; 
the  tents  and  booths  where  tea,  fruit,  rice,  and 
other  eatables,  are  exposed  to  sale ;  the  wares  and 
merchandize  arrayed  before  the  doors  ;  the  troops 
of  dromedaries,  laden  with  coals  from  Tartary ; 
the  wheel-barrows  and  hand-carts  stuffed  with 
vegetables,  leave  only  a  very  narrow  space  unoc- 
cupied. 

Peking,  according  to  Chinese  ideas,  is  strongly 
fortified.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls  about  thirty 
feet  high,  and  25  feet  thick  at  their  base  ;  but  the 
breadth  on  the  top,  witlnn  the  parapets,  does  not 
exceed  12  feet ;  so  that  it  has  a  considerable  slope, 
especially  on  the  inside,  and  rises  by  stages  like 
the  pyramids.  It  is  surrounded  with  a  ditch,  and 
defended  by  square  towers,  placed  at  the  interval 
of  70  yards,  which  is  reckoned  a  bowshot.  Each 
tower  projects  about  40  feet  from  the  line  of  the 
wall,  and  has  a  small  guard-house  on  its  summit. 
The  body  of  the  wall  is  composed  of  the  earth  dug 
up  from  the  ditch ;  but  it  is  faced  on  each  side 
with  a  mixture  of  brick  and  stone. 

The  imperial  palace  is  an  inclosure  within  the 
the  city,  formed  by  what  is  called  the  Yellow 
Wall.  The  space  contained  within  it,  about  a 
mile  in  length,  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile  in 
breadth,  is  artificially  formed  into  an  imitation  of 
rude  and  romantic  nature.  The  edifices  destined 
tor  the  accommodation  of  the  emperor,  are  placed 
on  hills  of  different  height ;  while  the  loftiest  sum- 
mits are  crowned  with  pavilions,  kiosks,  and  other 
buildings,  destined  for  pleasure  and  refreshment. 
The  imperial  palace  of  If  uen-mien,  situated  with- 
out the  city,  presents  the  same  scene  on  a  much 
more  ext^^nded  scale.     The  grounds  here  ?ire  at 


PEL 

least  10  miles  in  diameter,  and  comprise  an  extent 
of  about  60,000  English  acres.  Lon.  116°  28'  E. 
Lat.  39"  55'  N. 

Pelagosa,  isl.  of  the  Adriatic,  W.  of  Ragusa,  16 
m.  S.  W.  Agosta.     Lon.  16°  10'  E.    Lat.  42"  46'  N. 
Pelaighe,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.    Lon.  78°  8'  E.    Lat. 
25°  21'  N. 

Pelauda,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  76°  45'  E. 
Lat.  26°  36'  N. 

Pelcuda,  small  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
about  9  m.  S.  E.  Athens,  12  W.  by  S.  Cape  Co- 
lonna. 

Pelee,  small  isl.  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  near 
Cherbourg. 

Pelegrino,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  162 ' 
W.    Lat.  14°  S. 

Pelegrino,  Cape,  cape  on  the  W,  coast  of  tht 
island  of  Lesina,  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  16"  26'  E. 
Lat.  43°  40'  N. 

Pelew  Islands,  or  Palaos,  a  cluster  of  islands  ir. 
the  W.  part  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  the  Phi- 
lippine and  Caroline  islands.  In  1783,  captain 
Wilson,  commander  of  the  Antelope  packet,  in  the 
service  of  the  East  India  company,  was  wrecked 
on  this  coast.  The  inhabitants  had  been  repre- 
sented as  inhuman  and  savage,  but  captain  Wil- 
son found  them  hospitable,  friendly,  and  humane. 
The  islands  are  circled  on  the  W.  side  by  a  reef  oi 
coral,  which,  in  some  places,  extends  five  or  six 
leagues  from  the  shore.  None  of  the  islands  the 
English  visited  had  any  kind  of  grain,  nor  any 
quadruped  whatever,  except  some  brownish  grey 
rats,  which  ran  wild  in  the  woods,  and  three  or 
four  meagre  cats.  Yams  and  cocoa-nuts  are  the 
chief  articles  of  sustenance.  The  islands,  when 
viewed  from  the  sea,  exhibit  high  rugged  land, 
well  covered  with  wood ;  the  interior  parts  are  in 
many  places  mountainous,  but  the  vallies  are  ex- 
tensive and  beantiful.  The  soil  is  in  general  rich. 
Lon.  between  134°  5'  and  134°  40'  E.  Lat.  between 
5°  54'  and  8°  12'  N. 

Pelham,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada. 
Pelham,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  40  m.  S,  S. 
E.  Concord.     Pop.  998. 

Pelham,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  85  m.  W.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,185. 

Pelham,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on  East  river, 
18  m.  from  New  York.     Pop.  267. 

Pelican  Island,  small  isl.  Alabama,  near  the  S 
coast,  E.  of  Dauphin  island. 

Pelican  Islaml,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  oi 
Antigua,     Lon.  61°  24'  W.   Lat.  17°  14'  N. 

Pelican  Island,  small  island  near  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Antigua.     Lon.  61°  35'  W.    Lat.  17°  10'  N. 

Pelican  Key,  Great,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast 
of  Jamaica.  Lon.  76°  48' W.  Lat.  17°  49' N.  Lit- 
tle Pelican  Key  is  N.  of  Great  Pelican. 

Pelicunda,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Circars.  Lon.  84"  10 
E.    Lat.  18°  33' N. 

Pelitne,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Pelime  with  the  Taudo.  Lon.  63°  50' 
E.    Lat.  59°  20' N. 

Peling,  isl.  in  the  Yellow  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Corea,  10  miles  long,  and  4  broad.  Lon,  124°  28' 
E.    Lat.  38°  24' N. 

Peling  Isle,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Celebes,  about  50  miles  long,  by  15  broad. 
Lon.  124°  28'  E.    Lat.  38°  24'  N. 

Pelion,  now  called  Petras,  a  celebrated  moun- 
tain of  Greece,  in  Thessaly,  S.  of  Ossa,  on  the 
gulf  of  Volo. 

Pellegrue,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  12  m.  N.  N.  Ei 
La  Reole,  and  30  E-  Bourdeaux.    Pop.  1,500. 


P  E  M 

PeUenbeck,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant, 
3  m.  E.  Louvain. 

Pellerin,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Loire,  17  m.  E.  by  S.  Paimboeuf,  11 
W.  Nantes.     Pop.  1,500. 

Pellew^s,  Sir  Edward,  Group,  cluster  of  islands 
on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Holland,  and  the  W.  shore 
of  the  gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Lat.  of  Centre  island, 
15"  39'  S. 

Pelleiv,  Cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  North  island, 
in  Sir  Edward  Pellew's  group.  Lon.  137"  2'  E. 
Lat.  16"  30i  S. 

Pellew  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ame- 
rica, in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  212"  57" 
E.    Lat.  60"  51'  N. 

Pellissane,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of- the- Rhone, 
15  m.  W.  S.  VV.  Aix.     Pop.  2,600. 

Pello,  mountain,  Swedish  Lapland.  Lon.  23" 
58'30"E.    Lat.  66"  48' 16' N. 

Pelhvorm,  small  isl.  in  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast 
ofSleswick.     Area,  15  sq.  miles.     Pop.  3,000. 

Peloponnesus.     See  Morea. 

Peloso,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Zante.     Lat.  37"  50'  N. 

Pelsocs,  or  Pleissnits,  t.  Hungary,  40  m.  S.  by 
W.  Kesmark,  45  N.  Erlau.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Pelugosa,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near 
the  coast  of  Italy.     Lon.  1 8"  32'  E .    Lat.  42"  20'  N. 

Pelussin,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  6  m.  S.  W.  Con- 
drieu,  14  E.  St.  Etienne.     Pop.  3,300. 

Pemaquid,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  containing 
several  small  islands.  Lon.  69"  30'  W.  Lat.  43" 
45' N. 

Pemaquid,  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  69"  30'  W.    Lat.  43"  37'  N. 

Pemba,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  14  leagues 
long.     Lon.  4 1"  E.    Lat.  6"  S. 

Pemba,  province  of  Congo,  in  W.  Africa. 

Pemba,  t.  Congo,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  75 
S.  St.  Salvador. 

Pemberfon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  W.  S.W. 
Wigan.     Pop.  2,934. 

Pembroke,  one  of  the  southern  counties  of  Wales, 
bounded  E.  by  Caermarthenshire,  N.  E.  by  Car- 
diganshire, N.  and  W.  by  the  Irish  sea,  and  S.  by 
the  Bristol  channel.     Pop.  in  1811,  60,615. 

Pembroke,  borough  and  t.  S.  VVales,  in  Pem- 
broke CO.  situated  on  a  singular  neck  of  land,  di- 
viding the  small  estuary  of  Down  Pool,  which 
flows  from  Milford  Haven.  It  was  anciently  for- 
tified, and  protected  by  a  most  magnificent  castle, 
the  vast  ruins  of  which  still  give  it  an  appear- 
ance of  uncommon  grandeur.  Pop.  2,415.  30  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Caermarthen,  237  W.  London.  Lon.  5" 
W.  Lat.  51"  37' N. 

Pembroke,  p-t.  Piockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  t|ie  E. 
side  of  the  Merrimack,  6  m.  S.  E.  Concord.  Pop. 
1,153.  It  is  connected  with  Concord  by  a  bridge 
over  the  Suncook.  It  contains  2  churches,  and 
many  valuable  mills. 

Pembroke,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  23  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Boston.     Pop.  2,051. 

Pembroke,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  E.  Buf- 
falo. 

Pembroke,  Cape,  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  82"  19'  W. 
Lat.  62"  51' N. 

Pemgur,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Nerbuddah  river.  Lon.  76°  35'  E.  Lat.  22" 
28' N. 

Pemigewasset,  r.  N.  H.  the  main  branch  of  the 
Merrimack.  It  rises  among  the  White  Moun- 
tains, and  after  a  S.  course  of  70  miles,  is  joined 
by  the  Winnipiseogee,  at  Saoborntown. 

72 


PEN 


569 


Pemnagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon,  86°  43'  E. 
Lat.  26"  29' N. 

Penq/iel,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Douro  e  MinhOj 
21  m.  E.  N.  E.  Oporto.     Pop.  4,000. 

Penajiel,  t.  Spain,  in  Valladolid,  36  m.  E.S.  E. 
Valladolid.     Pop.  3,600. 

Penamacor,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  30  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Castel-Branco.     Pop.  2,500. 

Penas,  Punla  de,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
isthmus  of  Darien.     Lat.  7"  25'  N. 

Penautitr  Pegre,  v.  France,  in  Aude,  3  m.  N. 
W.  Carcassone.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pendennis,  peninsula,  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  at  the 
mouth  of  Falmouth  harbor.  On  a  rock  here,  ele- 
vated upwards  of  300  feet  above  the  sea,  stands 
Pendennis  castle,  which  completely  commands 
the  entrance  to  the  harbor. 

Peruliles,  Punta  de,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  82"  18'  W.  Lat.  21"  46'  N. 

Pendleton,  v.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  which,  with- 
in the  last  30  or  40  years,  has  become  a  large,  pop- 
ulous, and  thriving  suburb  of  Manchester. 

Pendleton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Clitheroe.     Pop.  930. 

Pendleton,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia. 
Pop.  4,239.     Slaves,  262.     Chief  town,  Franklin. 

Pendleton,  district,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  S.  C. 
on  Keowee  and  Savannah  river.  Pop.  22,897,  in- 
cluding 3,485  slaves.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Pendleton,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Pop. 
3,061,  including  386  slaves.  Chief  town,  Fal- 
mouth. 

Pendleton'' s  creek,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into  the 
Ohoopee,  4  or  5  m.  above  Tatnall  court-house. 

Pene,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  point  of  Sardinia,  in  the 
Mediterranean. 

Penella,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  15  m.  S.  E.  Co- 
imbra.     Pop.  2,600. 

Penes,  Le^,  v.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone^ 
9  m.  N.  \V.  Marseilles.     Pop.  1,000. 

Penficld,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  bay  of  Fundy. 

Perifield,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Ontario, 
20  m.  N.  W.  Canandaigua. 

Penguin  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  a  little  N.  of  Table  Bay. 

Penguin  Island,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  56"  45'  W.  Lat.  47"  22'  N. 

Penguin  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  New 
Holland,  at  the  entrance  into  Adventure  bay. 
Lon.  147"  33'  E.  Lat.  43"  21'  N. 

Peniche,  t.  Portugal,  on  a  peninsula,  48  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Lisbon.  Lon.  9"  23'  56''  W.  Lat.  39"  21' 
48"  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Penicl,  or  PenucI,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  on  the 
E.  side  the  Jordan,  near  tlie  brook  Jabbok. 

Penigk,t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  10  m.  W.N, 
W.  Chemnitz,  43  W.  Dresden.     Pop.  3,000. 

Peniscola,  t.  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia,  30 
m.  S  Tortosa,  82  N.  E.  Valencia.  Lon.  0°  29'  30" 
E.  Lat.  40°  22'  40"  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Penistone,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Sheffield,  178  N.  by  W.  London.     Pop.  515. 

Penjsheher,  t.  Afghanistan,  in  Cabul.  Lon.  68" 
24' E. 'Lat.  35"  16' N. 

Penkridge,  t.  Eng.  in  StaflTordshire,  6  m.  S.  Staf- 
ford, 129  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  923. 

Penkun,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania,  17  m-. 
S.  S.  W.  Stettin.     Pop.  1,100. 

Penmaen  Mavr,  mt.  Wales,  in  Caernarvon  co. 

Penman  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Aber(Tf>en?hirp.     Lon-  2"  ^'  W.    Lat.  57"  .'^7'  N . 


.^10 


P  E  JSf 


Penny  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.     Pop.  3,798. 

Penny  East,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  665. 

Peen,  West,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  947. 

Pemi's  creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Susque- 
hannah,  4  m.  below  Sunbury. 

Penn's  JVeck,  Lower,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,163.  ^ 

Penn's  J^eck,  Upper,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1 ,638. 

Penna  di  Bili,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  11  m.  S.  VV.  San  Marino.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop. 

Pennaflor,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  on  the  Guadal- 
quivir, 41  m.  W.  S.  W.  Cordova. 

Pennagra,  fort,  India.  Lon.  7  7"  55'  E.  Lat.  12° 
14  N. 

Pennar,  r.  India,  which  falls  into  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  in  lon.  80°  13'E.  lat.  14°  26'  N. 

Pennara?ida,  t.  Spain,  in  Segovia,  29  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Salamanca,     Pop.  3,200. 

Pennatore,  or  Pondera,  s-p.  India,  in  Travan- 
»:ore.    Lon.  7«°  55'  E.  Lat.  8°  25'  N. 

Penne,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  on  the  Aveyron,  22 
m.  W.  by  N.  Albi.     Pop.  2,000. 

Pennemarc,  v.  France,  in  Finisterre,  20  m.  S. 
*V.  Quiniper. 

Pennes,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  9 
m.  N.  W.  Marseille?,  12  S.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  900. 

Pennington,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  N.  E. 
by  E.  Newton-in-Makerfield.     Pop.  2,124. 

Pennington,  or  Pennytown,  v.  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  J.  27  m.  N.  E,  by  N.  Philadelphia. 

Pennsborough,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  728. 

Pennsbornugk,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Pennsborough,  East,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 

Pennsborough,  West,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,284. 

Pennsburg,  t  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  a  creek  of  the 
Delaware. 

Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N. 
by  New- York,  E.  by  New-Jersey,  S.  E.  by  Dela- 
ware, S.  by  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  W.  by 
part  of  Virginia  and  Ohio.  It  extends  from  39° 
42'  to  47°  17'  N.  lat.  and  from  74"  32'  to  80°  27' 
"VV.  lon.  Its  greatest  length  from  E.  to  W.  is  307 
miles,  and  its  average  breadth,  160.  Extent, 
-16,000  square  miles,  or  29,440,000  acres.  Pop. 
in  1749,  about  220,000  ;  in  1790,  434,373  ;  in 
1800,  602,545;  in  1810,  810,091;  in  1820, 
1,046,844.    Militiain  1821,  115,231. 

The  Alleghany  mountains  run  across  the  State, 
from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  and  there  are  many  smaller 
ranges  on  each  side  of  the  principal  ridge,  and 
parallel  with  it.  These  mountainous  tracts  cover 
all  the  central  parts  of  the  State.  In  the  S.  E.  and 
N.  W.  the  country  is  either  level  or  moderately 
hilly.  A  great  portion  of  tlie  State  is  good  land, 
and  much  of  it  excellent.  The  richest  tract  is  in 
the  S.  E-  on  both  sides  of  the  Susquehannah.  This 
part  of  the  State  has  long  been  settled,  and  is  fine- 
ly cultivated.  The  tract  between  Lake  Erie  and 
Alleghany  river  has  also  a  very  superior  soil,  but 
js  as  yet  very  thinly  inhabited.  Wheat  is  by  far 
the  most  important  agricultural  product  and 
grows  here  to  great  perfection.  The  next  in  val- 
ue is  Indian  corn.  Rye,  barley,  buck- wheat,  oats, 
hemp,  and  flax,  are  also  extensively  cultivated. 

The  most  important  mineral  is  coal,  which  is 
found  in  abundance  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State.    The  country  around  Pittsburg  is  one  great 


PEN 

bed  of  coal,  and  the  hills  within  sight  of  the  towo 
are  full  of  that  mineral.  Iron  ore  also  abounds  in 
the  same  vicinity,  and  in  other  places. 

The  inhabitants  are  of  several  different  nations. 
About  one  half  are  of  English  origin;  one  fourth, 
German ;  and  an  eighth,  Irish.  The  remainder 
are  Scotch,  Welsh,  Swedes,  and  Dutch.  The 
language  commonly  spoken  is  the  English.  But 
the  Germans,  Dutch,  and  Irish,  retain  their  own 
language,  and  many  of  them  cannot  speak  English. 
Out  of  84  newspapers  published  in  this  State,  15 
are  in  the  German  language.  There  are  manj 
different  denominations  of  Christians  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. A  few  years  since,  the  PresbyterianS; 
German  Calvinists,  German  Lutherans,  Friends, 
and  Baptists,  had  each  nearly  100  congregations. 
Besides  these,  there  are  Methodists,  Episcopalians, 
Scotch  Presbyterians,  Moravians,  &:c. 

The  great  mass  of  the  population  is  in  the  south, 
particularly  in  the  S.  E.  near  the  banks  of  the 
Susquehannah  and  Delaware  rivers.  The  north- 
ern half  of  the  State,  in  1810,  did  not  contain 
one-eighth  part  of  the  population.  The  popula- 
tion increases  with  considerable  rapidity,  though 
not  so  fast  as  in  the  western  States. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and 
house  of  representatives.  The  number  of  sena- 
tors cannot  be  less  than  one-fourth,  nor  greater 
than  one-third  of  the  number  of  representatives. 
They  hold  their  offices  4  years,  and  one-fourth  of 
them  are  elected  each  year.  The  number  of  rep- 
resentatives cannot  be  less  than  60,  nor  more  than 
100,  and  they  are  chosen  annually.  The  governor 
is  elected  for  3  years ;  but  is  not  eligible  more  than 
9  out  of  any  12  years.  The  elections  are  made 
on  the  2d  "Tuesday  in  October,  and  the  legisla- 
ture meets  in  December. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  are  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  in  Philadelphia ;  Jeffer- 
son college,  at  Canonsburg ;  Washington  college . 
at  Washington  ;  and  Alleghany  college,  at  Mead- 
ville.  Dickinson  college,  formerly  *a  flourishing 
institution,  at  Carlisle,  and  Franklin  college,  at 
Lancastei',  are  not  now  in  operation.  The  Mo- 
ravians have  flourishing  schools  at  Bethlehem  and 
Nazareth,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State.  Pro- 
vision has  been  made  by  the  legislature  for  estab- 
lishing an  academy  in  every  county. 

There  are  good  turnpike  roads  leading  from 
Philadelphia,  in  various  directions.  The  principal 
is  from  Philadelphia,  through  Lancaster,  to  Pitts- 
burg. A  diagonal  road  across  the  State,  from  Phil- 
adelphia to  the  town  of  Erie  on  lake  Erie,  is  con- 
siderably ad%^anced,  and  a  road  from  Philadelphia 
through  the  eastern  counties  towards  Sacket's  har- 
bor, on  lake  Ontario,  is  executed  to  the  line  of  New 
York'.  These  are  in  fact,  military  roads,  the  im- 
portance of  which  may  be  felt  in  future  wars. — 
The  legislature  have  recently  appropriated  a  large 
sum  to  the  improvement  of  inland  navigation. 

In  value  and  variety  of  manufactures,  this  is 
the  first  State  in  the  Union.  The  value  in  1810, 
was  $33,691,111.  Pennsylvania  is  well  situated 
for  a  manufacturing  State.  Her  numerous  rivers 
abound  with  fine  mill-seats,  and  the  western  parts 
of  the  State  furnish  inexhaustible  stores  of  fuel 
for  steam-engines.  In  1816,  there  were  more  than 
5,000  improved  mill-seats  in  this  State. 

Most  of  the  foreign  goods  consumed  in  this 
State,  Delaware,  and  the  western  part  of  New 
Jersey,  are  imported  at  Philadelphia.  Goods  to 
a  large  amount  are  also  transported,  in  waggons. 


PEN 


P  E  R 


571 


3Yom  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  and  thence  dis- 
tributed through  the  western  country.  It  is  com- 
puted that  10  waggons,  on  an  average,  leave  Phil- 
adelphia every  day  for  Pittsburg,  loaded  with 
merchandize,  and  the  annual  value  of  the  mer- 
chandize thus  transported,  is  estimated  at 
$18,f)00,000.  In  1815,  the  amount  of  revenue 
paid  by  this  State  into  the  National  Treasury,  was 
/JJ?,  142, 333,  an  amount  greater  than  that  of  any 
State,  except  New  York.  In  amount  of  shipping, 
Pennsylvania  is  the  fifth  State  in  the  Union ;  the 
number  of  tons  in  1816,  was  102,474.  The  value 
of  exports  from  this  State  in  1820,  was  $5,743,549, 
of  which  $2,794,670  was  foreign  produce. 

Pennycuik,  v.  Scotland,  9i  m.  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  500. 
Peno,  t.  Pike  co.  Missouri. 
Penobscot,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  Penob- 
scot river,  bounded  E.  by  Washington  co.  S.  by 
Hancock  co.  and  W.  by  Kennebeck  and  Somerset 
counties.     Pop.  7,471.     Chief  town,  Bangor. 

Penobscot,  s-p.  and  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Peoobscot  bay,  10  ni.  N.  Castine, 
240  N.  E.  Boston.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
trade,  and  possessed  in  1816,  above  24,044  tons  of 
shipping.     Lat.  44°  27'  N. 

Penobscot,  the  largest  river  in  Maine,  has  two 
principal  branches.  The  western  and  longest 
branch  rises  west  of  Moosehead  lake,  in  the  high- 
lands which  separate  Maine  from  Canada,  and 
flowing  east  through  Chesuncook  lake,  unites 
with  the  eastern  branch,  about  60  miles  north  of 
Bangor.  After  the  junction,  the  river  flows  south, 
and  tails  into  the  head  of  Penobscot  bay.  It  is 
aavigable  for  sea  vessels  to  Bangor,  50  miles 
from  Owls  head,  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay. 

Penobscot  Bay,  a  spacious  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobscot  river,  contain- 
ing numerous  islands  and  many  fine  harbors. 

Penpoul,  s-p.  France,  in  Finisterre.  It  serves 
as  the  harbor  of  St.  Pol. 

Penrith,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  18  m.  S. 
Carlisle,  220  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lou.  2"  45'  W. 
Lat.  54"  40'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Penryn,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  at  the  head  of  a 
creek  which  runs  into  Falmouth  harbor,  2  m.  N. 
VV.  Falmouth,  260  W,  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  5°  5' 
W.  Lat.  50°  10'  N.     Pop.  2,713. 

Pensa,  a  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  between 
Niznei-Novgorod  and  Saratov.  Area,  16,500  sq. 
miles.  Pop.  nearly  800,000.  It  lies  between  53" 
and  54"  N.  lat. ;  its  climate  is  mild,  and  the  soil  tol- 
erably fertile. 

Pensa,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  is 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Pensa  and  Sura,  460  m. 
S.  E.  Moscow.  Lon.  45°  38'  E.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Pensaeola,  s-p.  Florida,  on  the  W.  side  of  Pen- 
sacola  bay,  9  m.  above  the  fort  at  its  entrance,  50 
E.  S.  E.  Mobile.  It  stands  on  a  dry,  sandy  plain, 
elevated  18  or  20  feet  above  the  level  of  the  wa- 
ter, and  is  represented  to  be  perfectly  healthy  at 
all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  population  in  1819, 
was  about  2,000,  principally  Spanish.  Many  of 
the  houses  and  public  structures  are  spacious  and 
♦elegant,  but  wear  the  appearance  of  decay.  Since 
the  cession  of  Florida  to  the  U.  States,  emigrants 
from  various  parts  of  the  Union  have  resorted  to 
this  place  in  great  numbers,  with  the  expectation 
that  its  fine  bay,  and  other  natural  advantages, 
will  render  it  a  place  of  great  trade.  Lat.  30° 
2'a'  N.  Lon.  87"  W. 

Pe.n=30ol5i  bay  is  15  mile?  lon^,  and  from  3i  to 


6|  broad,  at  the  mouths  of  Escambia  and  Aliai- 
rante  rivers.  It  is  completely  landlocked,  so  that 
vessels  are  perfectly  safe  from  every  wind.  The 
water  is  said  to  be  sufficiently  deep  for  vessels  oi 
the  largest  class.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  has  four 
fathoms  of  water  over  it.  A  fortification  on  Rose 
island,  and  another  on  the  main,  opposite  to  it, 
would  effectually  defend  the  entrance.  On  the 
banks  of  the  two  rivers,  which  run  into  the  bay, 
there  are  said  to  be  large  quantities  of  live  oak. 
This  bay  is  of  more  importance,  as  it  is  the  only 
commodious  and  safe  harbor  for  large  ships,  be- 
longing to  the  U.  States,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Pensford,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  116  m.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  296. 

Peniecosle,  or  Whitsunday  Island,  small  isl.  in 
the  Pacific,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides. 

Pentecose,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  in  lon.  66°  45'  W.  lat  49°  45'  N. 

Penthievre,  Fort,  France,  in  Morbihan,  15  m. 
S.  E.  Lorient. 

Penthir  Zointe  de,  cape,  on  the  N.  W.  cojist  of 
France.     Lon.  4°  32'  W.  Lat.  48°  15'  N. 

Pentima,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  5  m.  N. 
W.  Sulmona,  21  E.  Alba. 

Pentland  Frith,  strait,  which  separates  the 
mainland  of  Scotland  from  the  Orkney  isles.  It 
is  only  12  miles  over,  but  in  it  the  sea  runs  with 
impetuous  force  by  the  meetings  of  many  tides. 
This  dangerous  strait  is  the  great  thoroughfare 
from  the  eastern  to  the  western  coasts  of  the  king- 
dom, and  is  the  terror  of  the  boldest  sailors,  and 
the  grave  of  thousands. 

Pentland  Skerries,  small  islands  at  the  E.  end  of 
the  Pentland  frith,  on  the  largest  of  which  is  a 
light-house,  4  m.  N.  E.  Duncansby-head.  Loij. 
2°48'W.  Lat.  58°  38' N. 

Pentraeth,  t.  Wales,  in  Anglesey,  5  m.  fr.  Beau- 
maris.    Pop.  645. 

Penuconda,  or  Bilconda,  t.  and  fort,  India,  in 
Mysore.    Lon.  77°  40'  E.  Lat.  14°  1'  N. 

Penzance,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  N.  W.  side 
of  Mounts  bay,  remarkable  for  the  mildness  and 
salubrity  of  the  air.  Till  of  late,  llie  town  was 
noted  for  smuggling.  Pop.  4,022.  11  m.  N.  E.  of 
the  Land's  End,  27' S.  W.  Truro,  282  W.  S.  W. 
London.     Lon.  5"  32'  W.  Lat.  50"  7'  N. 

Penzing,  v.  Austria,  W.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  3,300. 

Penzlin,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  10  m.  N.  New  Strelitz.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pcperi,  small  isl.  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Greece, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Salonica,  opposite 
to  the  peninsula  of  VMo,  18  m.  E.  by  N.  Scopelos. 

Pepin  Lake,  U.  S.  an  expansion  of  the  river 
Mississippi,  below  St.  Anthony's  falls.  Lon.  92" 
45'  W.  Lat.  43°  50'  N. 

Pcploud,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  76"  45'  E, 
Lat.  21°  42'  N. 

Pepong,  2  small  islands  near  the  coast  of  China. 
Lon.  107°  E.  Lat.  23"  22' N. 

Pepper  Bnij,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Java,  30  va. 
S.  S.  W.  Bantam.     Lon.  105"  40'  E.  Lat.  6"  24'  S. 

Pepperell,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  39  m.  N.  W. 
Boston,     Pop.  1,333. 

Pepi/'s  Islands.     See  Falkland  Isles. 

Pequannark,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  bordering  on 
Bergen  county.     Pop.  3,853. 

Pequannock,  r.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  which  flows  into 
Long  Island  Sound,  5  m.  S.  W.  Stratford  river. 

Peqxdgny,  t.  France,  on  the  Somme,  9  m.  W. 
Amiens,'20  S.  E.  Abbeville.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pfra,  or  Pulo  Pera,  small  i^l.  in  the  Eastern. 


572 


PER 


seas,  at  the  entrance  of  the  straits  of  Malacca, 
Lon.  98"  36'  E.  Lat.  5°  64'  N. 

Pera,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ma- 
jorca.    Lon.  3"  31'  40"  E.  Lat.  39"  42'  12"  N. 

Pera  Head,  cape,  New  Holland,  in  the  gulf  of 
Carpentaria.     Lon.  141"  40'  E.    Lat.  12"  58^'  S. 

Peracora,  v.  Greece,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Corinth. 

Peralada,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Llo- 
bregat,  9  m.  W.  Rosas.     Pop.  2,300. 

Peralta,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  1 1  m.  S.  W.  Olite. 
Lon.  r  48'  W.  Lat.  42°  26'  N. 

Perambaucam,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic,  on  the 
S.  side  of  Coortelair  river,  14  m.  N.  E.  Conje- 
veram. 

Perames,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  21  m.  N.  N.  W. 
New  York. 

Peraslo,  t.  Austrian  Dalmatia,  8  m.  N.  Cattaro. 
Pop.  2,800. 

Perault,  v.  France,  in  Herault,  3  m.  S.  E.  Mont- 
pelier. 

Perce,  imali  v.  Canada,  in  the  district  of  Gaspe, 
at  the  S.  point  of  Malbay,  containing  25  or  30 
houses,  principally  inhabited  by  fishermen. 

Percee  Isle,  small  isl.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  13  m.  S.  Cape 
Gaspe, 

PercevaWs,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

Perche,  Le,  formerly  a  province  of  France, 
now  included  in  the  departments  of  the  Orne, 
and  Eure-and-Loir. 

Perche,  or  Col  de  la  Perche,  a  mountain  pass, 
leading  from  Roussillon  to  Cerdagne,  in  Catalo- 
nia, and  guarded  on  the  French  side  by  a  fort 
called  Mont  Louis.  It  is  in  the  department  of  the 
Eastern  Pyrenees. 

Percipany.     See  Parcipany. 

Percy,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  15  m.  b.  St. 
Lo,  16  N.  Avranchcs.     Pop.  2,900, 

Percy,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
the  river  Trent. 

Percy  Isles,  a  chain  of  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New  Holland,  about 
30  m.  from  the  mainland,  and  extending  from 
21°  32'  to  21°  43'  S.  lat.  The  largest  is  about 
13  miles  in  circuit. 

Perdamo,  r.  Quito,  which  enters  the  gulf  of 
Guyaquil,  in  lat.  3°  S. 

Perdido,  r.  which  separates  Florida  from  Ala- 
bama. It  runs  g.  and  forms  a  considerable  bay, 
which  communicates  with  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  30 
m.  E.  Mobile  point,  in  lon.  87°  13'  W. 

Perea,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Bi-azil.  Lon. 
45°  2-  \V.  Lat.  2°  22'  S. 

Perebera,  r.  New  Granada,  which  runs  into  the 
Carribean  sea,  in  lat.  11°  16'  N. 

Pirecop,?i.  very  ancient  fortress  in  Eu.  Russia, 
on  the  isthmus  which  joins  the  peninsula  of  the 
Crimea  to  the  continent.  The  town  has  only  1,200 
inhabitants.  Large  quantities  of  salt  are  found  in 
the  vicinity.  67  m.  N.  by  W.  Akhmetschet.  Lon. 
33°42'E.  Lat.  46°  9' N. 

Perejaslavl,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pultava,  55  m.  S. 
S,  E,  Kiev.     Pop.  6,00(>. 

Perekmou,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  on  the 
Amour,  56  m.  N.  E.  Stretensk. 

Peremyschl,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kaluga,  on  the 
Oka,  16  m.  S.  S.  W.  Kaluga.  Lon.  33"  44'  E,  Lat. 
54°  15'  N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Perene,  r.  Peru,  which  rises  about  40  m.  N.  of 
Tarma,  and  after  a  S.  E.  course  of  above  100 
miles,  joins  the  Xauxa,  to  form  the  Ene. 

Peres,  or  Constantine  Perez,  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
Chili,  near  the  harbor  of  Valdivia. 


PER 

Pereslavl-Saleskoe,  t .  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vladimii% 
88  m.  N.  E.  Moscow.  Lon.  37°  37'  45"  E.  Lat. 
55"  15' 30"  N,     Pop.  4,000. 

Perevoloczna,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav, 
on  the  Dnieper,  112  m.  N.  W.  Ekaterinoslav. 

PergamtJM,  t.  Buenos  Ay  res,  100  m.  from  the 
city  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lon.  60°  43'  W.  Lat.  33° 
53' S, 

Pergamo,  t.  A.  Turkey,  about  15  m.  up  the 
Gremalki,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of  Sandarie. 
Lon.  27"  E.  Lat.  39°  11' N. 

Pergamos,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Pergamo. 

Pergen,  or  Pergine,  district  of  the  Austrian 
states,  in  Tyrol,  6  m.  E.  Trent.     Pop.  7,000. 

Pergola,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
32  m.  W.  Ancona.     Pop.  3,000. 

Perhuy,  Poinie  de,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
France.     Lon.  4°  33'  W.  Lat.  48°  17'  N. 

Periac,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  6  m.  S.  W.  Nar- 
bonne. 

Periapatam,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  76°  25' 
E.  Lat.  12"  21'  N. 

Perico,  3  small  islands  in  the  gulf  of  Panama, 
2  leagues  S.  of  the  city  of  Panama,  in  lat.  8°  56'  N. 

Perigord,  formerly  a  province  in  the  S.  W.  of 
France,  now  forming  the  department  of  the  Dor- 
dogne. 

Perigueux,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Dordogne,  on  the 
lUe,  55  m.  S.  W.  Limoges,  70  N.  E.  Bourdeaux. 
Lon.  0°  43'  E.  Lat.  45°  1 1'  N.     Pop.  6,200. 

Perim,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Babel  Mandeb, 
4  m.  fr.  the  coast  of  Africa.  Lon,  43°  50'  E.  Lat. 
12°  36'  N. 

Perinaldo,  t.  Piedmont,  18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Nice. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Perinda,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad.  Lon.  76°  50' 
E.  Lat.  18°  33'  N. 

Peringary,  t.  India,  in  Madura.  Lon.  78°  40' 
E.  Lat.  9°  38'  N. 

Perkins,  p-t.  Huron  co,  Ohio,  in  which  is  San- 
dusky. 

Perkinsonville,  p-v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

Perkiomen,  r.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Schuylkill,  10  m.  above  Norristown. 

Perlak,  t.  Hungary,  12  m.  E.  Warasdin.  Lon. 
16"  35'  13"  E.  Lat.  46°  20'  40"  N. 

Perlas.     See  Pearl  Islands. 

Perleberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg, 
62  m.  N.  W.  Berlin,  76  S.  E.  Hamburgh.  Pop. 
3,000. 

Perm,  a  government  of  Russia,  bounded  W.  by 
Viatka,  and  E.  by  Tobolsk,  extending  from  56°  to 
62°  N.  lat.  Area,  116,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,10<1,000.  It  is  in  general  a  hilly  country,  cov- 
ered with  vast  and  impe!)etrable  forests.  The  an- 
nual export  of  metal  is  computed  at  2,000  tons  of 
copper,  and  70,000  tons  of  iron.  In  religion,  the 
inhabitants  are  partly  Christians,  partly  Mahom- 
etans, and  in  no  inconsidenible  degree  Pagans. 

Perm,  chief  place  of  the  preceding  government, 
is  on  the  river  Kama.  910  m.  E.  by  S.  St.  Peters- 
burg, 720  E.  N.  E.  Moscow.  Lon.  56°  26'  E.  Lat. 
58"1'N.     Pop.  3,800. 

Permacoil,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79" 
52'E.  Lat.  12°13'N. 

Permera  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  Eastern  Indian  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Canara.  20  m.  N.  Mangalore. 
Lat.  13"10'N, 

Pernalla,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  72°  53'  E. 
Lat.  20"  35' N. 

Pernambuco,  a  province  of  Brazil,  bounded  N. 
and  E.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  south  by  Bahia,  and 
E.  by  the  desert  territory.     It  is  about  470  milw 


PER 

from  N.  to  S.  and  about  370  from  E.  to  W.  It 
abounds  in  sugar-cane,  cotton  and  Brazil  wood. 
Pop.  1,100,000. 

Pemambuco,  or  St.  Antonio  do  Recife,  t.  Brazil, 
and  cap.  of  the  province  of  the  same  name,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  moutli  of  the  river  Bibiribe  and  Capi- 
varibe,  and  consists  of  three  divisions,  Recife,  St. 
Antonio,  and  Boa  Vista,  connected  together  by 
bridges.  The  division  of  Recife  is  nearest  the  sea, 
on  a  long  narrow  neck  of  land.  The  harbour  is  form- 
ed by  a  reef  of  rocks  which  run  parallel  with  the 
town,  at  a  very  small  distance.  The  lower  har- 
bour, for  vessels  of  400  tons  and  upwards,  is  very 
dangerous,  as  it  is  open  to  the  sea  ;  and  the  beach 
opposite  to  it  is  very  steep.  The  port  has  two  en- 
trances, defended  by  two  stone  forts.  Pemambu- 
co is  aothriving  place  ;  and  since  the  ports  of  Bra- 
zil were  thrown  open  to  foreign  commerce,  it  is 
daily  increaeing  in  opulence  and  importance.  Pop. 
32,000. 

Pemau,  or  Perna-Ein,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Livo- 
nia, on  the  gulf  of  Riga,  105  m.  N.  by  E.  Riga,  76 
3.  by  W.  Revel.     Pop.  2,200. 

Pemes,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  4  m.  S.  Carpen- 
tras,  14  E.  N.  E.  Avignon.     Pop.  3,500. 

Pernicious  Islands,  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  about  15  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
140''45'W.Lat.  16°  S. 

Perno,  t.  Eu.  Ruisia,  in  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of 
Finland,  8  m.  W.  Lovisa,  35  W.  Fredericsham. 
Lon.  16"  4'  E.  Lat.  60"  26'  N. 

Perols,  Etang  de,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
in  Herault.     Lon.  4°  2'  E.  Lat.  43"  32'  N. 

Peronne,  L  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Somme.  It  is  a  place  of  strength,  both  from 
its  situation  and  its  fortifications.  On  the  26th 
June  1815,  it  was  stormed  by  a  body  of  British.  30 
m.  S.  W.  Cambray,  28  E.  Amiens.  Lon.  2°  56'  E. 
Lat.  49"  55'  N.     Pop.  3,700. 

Peros  Banhos,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
Lon.  72"  10' E.  Lat.  5"  30' S. 

Perosa,  Lay  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  N.  W..Pinerolo, 
24  W.  S.  W.  Turin.     Pop.  2,300. 

Peroic,  t.  Mexico,  in  Vera  Cruz,  about  60  miles 
from  the  E.  coast.  The  fortress  of  San  Carlos  is 
to  the  N.  of  the  town.  The  Coffre  de  Perote  to 
the  S.E.  is  of  great  height,  and  serves,  along  with 
the  volcano  of  Orisba,  as  a  landmark  to  make  the 
port  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Perouges,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  22  m.  S.  Boui^. 
Perpetua,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  VV.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  235"  52'  E.  Lat.  44"  6'  N. 

Perpignan,  t,  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  on 
the  river  Tet.  It  is  a  pLn.e  of  great  strengtii,  and 
accounted  one  of  the  keys  of  the  kingdom  on  the 
side  of  Spain.  Its  trade  consists  in  corn,  wine, 
wool,  and  iron.  38  m.  S.  Narbonne,  110  S.  W. 
Montpelier.  Lon.  2"  54'  E.  Lat.  42"  42'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Perquimans,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,052,  including  2,017  slaves.  Chief  town,  Hert- 
ford. 

Perrecy.     See  Percey. 

Perreux,  t.  France,  in  Loire,  3  m.  E.  Roannes, 
7  m.  S.  Charlieu  sur  Loire.     Pop.  2,600. 

Perriers,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  8  m.  N.  Cou- 
tances.     Pop.  2,500. 

Perrington,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie 
canal. 

Perrosguirec,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  6  m. 
N.  Lannion,  40  N.  W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,500. 

Perry,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on  Passama- 
.quoddy  bay,  25  m.  N.  E.  Machias. 


PER 


sia 


Perry,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  of  Batavia. 

Perry,  co.  Alabama. 

Perry,  co.  Ken.  formed  in  1820  from  Clay  and 
Floyd  counties. 

Perry,  co.  Ohio,  formed  in  1318.  Chief  town, 
Somerset. 

Perry,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie,  be- 
tween Painesville  and  Madison. 

Perry,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  580. 

Perry,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W.  Woos- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,  415. 

Perry,  i.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  Zanes- 
ville. 

Perry,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Gallipolis. 

Perry,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

Perry,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  Lancaster. 

Perry,  co.  Indiana,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  in  1815, 
3,000.     Chief  town,  Troy. 

Perryopolis,  p-t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Yiohiog- 
any.     A  newspaper  is  printed  here. 

Perrysburg,  t.  Wood  co.  Ohio,  at  the  lower  rap- 
ids of  the  Maumee,  18  m.  above  its  mouth,  36  W. 
Croghansville,  140  N.  W.  Columbus. 

Perrysrille,  p-v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

Perrysville,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  7  m.  from  Pitts- 
burg. 

Perrysville,  p-t.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 

Perrysville,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on  an  eastern 
fork  of  Mohiccon  creek. 

Perrysville,  t.  and  cap.  Bond  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Kaskaskia,  50  m.  E.  by  N.  St  Louis. 

Persah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  84°  40'  E .  Lat. 
27"  10'  N. 

Persaim,  or  Bassein,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Pe- 
gue,on  the  Irrawuddy,here  called  the  Persaim  riv- 
er, and  capable  of  admitting  ships  up  to  the  town. 
Lon.  95"  E.  Lat.  16"  50' N. 

Persante,  or  Psante,  r.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
which  falls  into  the  Baltic,  a  little  below  Col- 
berg. 

Persauma,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Lon.  86°  32'  E. 
Lat.  26"  r  N. 

Perse,  or  Prese,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  fulls  into 
the  Dwina,  near  Rockenhausen. 

Persepolis,  Ruins  of.  The  remains  of  this  an- 
cient capital  of  Persia  are  30  m.  N.  N.  E.  Schiras. 
The  majestic  ruins  which  distinguish  this  site  ap- 
pear to  be  solely  those  of  the  great  palace  of  Da- 
rius, which  was  set  fire  to  by  Alexander,  in  a  fit 
of  frenzy.  This  superb  edifice  has  the  walls 
of  three  of  its  sides  still  standing.  The  front  ex- 
tends 600  paces  from  N.  to  S.  while  the  side  reach- 
ing from  E.  to  W.  extends  390  paces.  The  col- 
umns, staircases,  images,  and  relievos  are  exceed- 
ingly magnificent.  • 

Perserin,  or  Prisrendi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, 45  m.  E.  by  N.  Scutari,  108  N.  Joannina. 
Pop.  16,000. 

Pershore,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester  co.  once  famed 
for  its  abbey,  is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Avon,  9  ra. 
E.  S.  E.  Worcester,  102  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2"  4'  W.  Lat.  52"  7'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Persia,  an  extensive  empire  of  Asia,  whose  lim- 
its have  been  very  variously  defined.  The  region 
which  seems  to  be  most  properly  considered  ai 
Persia,  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Euphrates  and  Ti- 
gris, with  the  mountains  of  Armenia  and  Koordis- 
tan  ;  N.  by  the  Caspian  and  the  mountains  of  Cau- 
casus ;  S.  by  the  Persian  gulf;  E.  by  a  vast  sandy 
and  saline  desert,  which  partly  extends  as  far  as 
the  Indus,  partly  rises  into  the  lofty  mountain  re- 
gions of  Hindoo  Coosh  and  Parapomisus.  It  has 
been  usual  to  extend  Persia  as  far  as  the  ladus ; 


su 


PER 


buttKe  mountainous  countries  of  Cabul  and  Can- 
dahar  have  been  long  entirely  independent  of  her. 
The  southern  sandy  deserts  of  Mekran  and  Beloo- 
chiatan  are  ?till  more  universally  included  in  our 
maps  of  Persia ;  a  division,  however,  which  seems 
to  be  made  with  little  propriety. 

The  loftiest  mountains  of  Persia  are  on  its  bor- 
ders. The  most  remarkable  is  the  immense  chain 
of  Caucasus,  which  fills  tlie  interval  between  the 
Black  sea  and  the  Caspian.  Southwards  from  this 
branch  spread  the  mountains  of  Armenia  and 
Koordistan.  These  mountains,  which  are  very 
lofty,  form  the  frontier  between  the  Persian  and 
Turkish  empires.  From  the  highest  part  of  them, 
a  great  chain,  under  the  name  of  Elwand  or  El- 
bruz, makes  a  circuit  round  the  southern  shore  of 
the  Caspian,  leaving  between  itself  and  that  sea  a 
very  fertile  plain.  It  is  continued  along  the  south- 
ern frontier  of  Khorassan,  and  is  supposed  to  unite 
with  the  mountains  of  Parapomisus,  and  through 
them,  with  the  Hindoo  Coosh  and  Himmaleh. 
Chains  of  inferior  height  traverse  the  southern 
provinces  of  Khusistan  and  Farsistan.  The  inte- 
rior of  Persia  consists  of  an  immense,  dry,  salt 
plain.  It  is  traversed,  however,  by  many  moun- 
tains, either  independent,  or  connected  with  the 
great  frontier  chains,  the  streams  descending  from 
which  are  usually  lost  in  the  sands,  or  formed  into 
lakes.  These  streams  produce,  however,  all  the  fer- 
tility which  the  empire  can  boast ;  and  when  they 
are  abundant,  render  the  plains  through  which  tliey 
flow,  beautiful  and  luxuriant  in  an  extraordinary 
degree.  That  of  Schiras  is  considered  the  boast 
of  Persia.  The  provinces  on  the  Caspian,  water- 
ed from  the  great  chains  of  Caucasus  and  Elbruz, 
are  of  very  remarkable  fertility.  The  principal 
cultivated  productions  are  the  vine,  the  mulber- 
ry, and  fruits  of  various  kinds.  A  vast  extent  of 
the  empire,  however,  is  abandoned  to  pasture,  and 
tenanted  by  wandering  shepherds,  like  those  of 
Tartary  and  Arabia.  The  government  of  Persia 
is  in  its  principle  entirely  absolute.  The  reign- 
ing king  has  always  been  judged  the  vicegerent  of 
the  prophet,  and  entitled  to  the  most  implicit  obe- 
dience. No  monarch  has  ever  ruled  with  more 
arbitrary  sway  than  he  who  now  fills  the  throne. 
He  is  absolute  master  of  the  lives  and  properties 
of  his  subjects.  The  wandering  tribes,  however, 
are  ruled  by  their  own  khans,  who  carry  on  all 
the  internal  administration,  and  merely  pay  mili- 
tary service  when  required.  The  military  force 
of  the  Persian  empire,  it  is  said,  may  by  a  great 
effort,  be  raised  to  150,000,  or  200,000  men.  It 
consists  entirely  of  cavalry,  and  receives  no  regu- 
lar pay.  The  Persians  are  the  most  polite  nation 
in  the  east.  They  are  also  the  most  learned ;  po- 
etry and  the  sciences  may  even  be  considered  as 
their  ruling  passion.  The  whole  Persian  nation 
are  now  Mahometans,  of  the  sect  of  Sunnites,  or 
of  the  followers  of  Ali,  who,  on  that  ground  are 
viewed  by  the  Turks  with  still  greater  abhorrence 
than  even  Christians.  The  Persians  themselves 
are  not  an  intolerant  people  ;  they  listen  without 
anger  to  the  professions  or  arguments  of  those  who 
hold  a  different  belief,  and  do  not  allow  this  cir- 
cumstance to  cause  any  interruption  of  social  in- 
tercourse. The  Persians,  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, are  a  manufacturing  people.  Those  unri- 
valled carpets,  to  which  we  give  the  name  of 
Turkey,  are  wrought  in  Persia.  Silk  is  also  a 
great  staple,  either  by  itself,  or  mixed  with  cotton 
and  wool ;  and  they  excel  particularly  in  brocade 
and  embroidery.     All  estimates  of  the  population 


PER 

of  Persia  are  founded  on  the  most  vague  conjec- 
ture. 

Persian  Gulf,  called  also  the  sea  of  Ommon,  an 
extensive  bay  of  the  Indian  ocean,  which,  stretch- 
ing in  a  W.  N.  W.  direction,  divides  Persia  from 
Arabia.     It  is  about  600  miles  long. 

Persolem,  or  Pursoiem,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  and 
cap.  of  a  district  of  the  same  name. 

Pertaf;ur,  t.  and  fortress,  Hiud.  in  Allahabad. 
Lon.  82°  23'  E.  Lat.  25°  58'  N. 

Perth,  CO.  Scotland,  bounded  E.  by  Forfar,  S. 
E.  by  the  frith  of  Tay  and  th«  counties  of  Kinross 
and  Fife,  S.  by  the  Forth  and  the  counties  of  Clack- 
mannan and  Stirling,  S.  W.  by  Dumbartonshire, 
W.  by  Argyle,  N.  W.  by  Inverness,  and  N.  by  Ab- 
erdeen. Extent,  5,000  square  miles,  or  4,068,640 
acres.  It  contains  80  parishes,  26,404  inhabited 
houses,  and,  in  1801,  136,366  inhabitants. 

Perth,  the  capital  of  the  above  county,  is  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Tay.  It  has  been  the  scene 
of  many  important  transactions  recorded  in  Scot- 
tish history.  The  salmon  fishery  on  the  Tay,  near 
this  place,  is  very  extensive.  The  staple  manu- 
facture at  Perth  is  linen  ;  but,  of  late  the  cotton 
manufacture  has  almost  superseded  it.  Besides 
these,  here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  leather, 
boots,  shoes,  and  gloves.  The  grammar  school  of 
Perth  has  long  been  accounted  one  of  the  best  in 
Scotland.  39  m.  N.  Edinburg,  22  W.  Dundee,  15 
S.  Dunkeld.  Lon.  3°  27'  W.  Lat.  56°  22'  N.  Pop. 
in  181 1, 17,248. 

Perth,  t.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  river  P»,ideau. 

Perth-Amboy.     See  Jlmhoy. 

Perthuis,  seigniory,  Hampshire  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, 34  m.  VV.  Quebec. 

Pertuis,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  14  m.  S.  E. 
Apt,  40  S.  E.  Avignon.     Pop.  4,000. 

Pertuis  cfAntioche.     See  Antioche. 

Peru,  one  of  the  viceroyalties  of  Spanish  Ameri- 
ca. It  extends  from  the  Rio  Tumbez,  in  3°  30' 
S.  lat.  to  the  chain  of  Vilcanota,  in  15°  S.  lat.  It 
is  bounded  N.  by  New  Granada,  E.  by  Brazil,  S. 
E.  by  B  iienos  Ayres,  S.  by  the  desert  of  Atacama, 
which  separates  it  from  Chili,  and  W.  by  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.  The  Andes  pass  through  the  whole 
length  of  the  country  parallel  with  the  Pacific 
ocean.  There  are  two  principal  ridges,  called 
the  eastern  and  western  Cordillera.  The  coun- 
try between  them  is  an  elevated  plain  or  table 
land,  generally  from  8,000  to  10,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  The  narrow  tract  between 
the  western  Cordillera  and  the  Pacific  is  a  plain, 
principally  sandy  and  barren.  The  tops  of  the 
Andes  are  covered  with  eternal  snow,  and  the 
low  country  on  the  coast  is  hot  and  unhealthy, 
while  the  intermediate  table  land  enjoys  a  uni- 
form and  delightful  climate.  Earthquakes  are 
common  ;  Lima  has  been  repeatedly  almost  ruin- 
ed by  them.  There  are  70  gold  mines,  700  silver 
mines,  and  4  of  quicksilver,  besides  several  of 
copper  and  lead.  'The  annual  produce  of  the  gold 
and  silver  mines  is  more  than  $4,000,000.  'Phe 
population,  according  to  the  last  census,  is 
1,079,122,  of  which  number  619,000  are  civilized 
Indians,  and  the  rest  are  whites,  negroes,  mulat- 
toes,  and  mestizoes.  The  Spanish  settlements  are 
on  the  high  table  land  between  the  mountains, 
and  on  the  sea  coast.  They  do  not  extend  east  of 
the  Andes. 

Peru  trades  with  Europe,  the  East  Indies,  coast- 
wise with  Mexico,  Gualimala,  and  Chili,  and 
over  land  with  the  provinces  of  the  Rio  de  la  Pla- 
ta.   Ita  ox}>orts  are  chiefly  gold  and  silver,  wine, 


PES 


PET 


575 


jbraixly,  sugar,  pimento,  Jesuit's  bark,  salt,  viciflia 
wool,  and  coarse  woollens ;  and  it  receives  in  re- 
turn Europeangoods,  live  stock,  provisions,  tallow, 
cacao,  Paraguay  tea,  cocoa  leaf,  indigo,  timber, 
Gordage,  pitch,  and  copper.  Amid  the  recent 
commotions  in  South  America,  Peru  has  remained 
unshaken  in  its  allegiance  to  the  king  of  Spain. 
Armaments  have  been  filtod  out  by  the  Patriots  of 
Buenos  Ayres  and  Chili,  for  the  invasion  of  this 
country,  but  hitherto  (1820)  without  success. 

Peru,  Bennington  co.  Vt.  30  m.  N.  E.  Benning- 
ton.    Pop.  239. 

Peru,  p-t.  Berkshire  co,  Mass.  16  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Lenox.     Pop.  912. 

Peru,  p-t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Champlain, 
140  m.  JV.  Albany.     Pop.  1,933. 

Pen-encheres,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  9  m.  S.  W. 
.Mortagne,  14  N.  E.  Aleucon.     Pop.  800. 

Perugia,  a  delegation  of  Italy,  in  the  States  of 
the  Church,  including  the  ci-devant  Perugino.  Pop. 
182,000. 

Pervgia,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
capital  of  a  delegation  of  the  same  name,  near  the 
Tiber.  It  has  manufactures  of  velvet  and  other 
silk  stuffs.  The  surrounding  country  is  one  of 
the  richest  and  finest  in  Italy.  30  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Spolcto,  8.J  IV.  Rome.  Lon.  12"  22'  E.  Lat.  43"  6' 
N.     Pop.  16,000. 

Pcruipe,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lat.  18°  20'  S. 

Peruwdz,  i.  Netherlands,  in  Ilainault,  12  m.  N. 
by  E.  Valencienne?,  18  W.  by  N.  ftlons.  Pop. 
5,:>00. 

Pciwez  le  Murrhts,  t.  N'etherlands,  in  South 
Brabant,  12  m.  N.  Namur,  25  S.  E.  Brussels. 

PerwuUum,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Kistna.  Lon.  78"  40'  E.  Lat.  ir>"  51'  N. 

PersHigno,  t.  Dalmatia,  on  thegulf  ofCattaro,  3 
m.  N.  W.  Cattaro.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pesant,  Point,  the  N.  point  of  the  island  of 
Banca. 

Pesaro,  t.  Italy,  in  tlie  States  of  the  Church, 
near  the  Foglia,  18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Urbino,  34  N.  W. 
Ancoiia.  Lon.  12"  53'  E.  Lat.  45"  55'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Pescara,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo  Citra,  on  the 
Adriatic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Pescara.  It 
was  formerly  the  see  of  a  bishop,  now  removed  to 
Atri.     6  m.  N.  E.  Chieti,  40  E.  Aquila. 

Pescara,  r.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo,  which  has 
its  source  in  the  Appennines,  and  falls  into  the 
Adriatic  at  Pescara. 

Pescarolo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  9 
m.  N.  E.  Cremona. 

Peschici,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  11  m.  N.  W. 
Vieste.     Pop.  1,600. 

Peschiera,  t.  and  fortress,  Austrian  Italy,  near 
the  spot  where  the  Mincio  issues  from  the  lake  of 
Garda,  15  m.  W.  Verona,  18  N.  N.  W.  Mantua. 
Lon.  10"  42'  E.  Lat.  45"  T  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Pescia,  t.  Tuscany.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  10 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Pistoja,  20  E.  N.  E.  Florence. 

Peseta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  7  m.  S.  Treviso. 

Pescina,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo  Ultra,  34  m. 
N.  by  E.  Ponte  Corvo. 

Pesco  Constanzo,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo  Ci- 
tra, 10  m.  S.  by  E.  Sulmona.     Pop.  2,300. 

Pcseguero,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Portugal, 
Lon.  8"  52'  W.  Lat.  37"  40'  N. 

Pesenas,  or  Pezenas,  t.  France,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Peyre  and  the  Herault,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Beziers,  25  S.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  7,000. 

Pescnberg,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  opposite 
Tpseom.  W.Vienna. 


Peshawux,  Peshour,  or  Peishore,  district,  Af- 
ghanistan, province  of  Cabul,  formerly  Bekram. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Kameh  or  Cabul  river.  Al- 
though the  district  is  only  35  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, it  is  said  to  contain  300,000  inhabitants. 
This  district  is  the  favourite  residence  of  the  Af- 
ghan court  during  the  winter. 

PeshawuT,  city,  Afghanistan,  and  cap.  of  the 
above  district,  is  upwards  of  5  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, and  contains  about  100,000  inhabitants.  It 
was  at  Peshawur  that  the  honourable  Mount  Stu- 
art Elphinston  had  his  audience  of  Shah  Sujaa,  the 
Afghan  king,  in  the  year  1809.  Lon.  70°  37'  E. 
Lat.  33°  32'  N.     Pop.  100,000. 

Peshua.     See  Mahratta  Territory  and  Poonah. 

Pesme,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Saone,  22  m.  W. 
Besancon.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pessac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  3  m.  S.  W.  Bour- 
deaux.     Pop.  1,400. 

Pest,  or  Pesth,  a  palatinate  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Danube.  Area,  4,050  square  miles.  Pop.  362,000. 

Pest,  or  Pesth,  a  large  city,  Hungary,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  Buda,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  three  quarters  of 
a  mile  in  length.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  high  courts 
of  justice,  and  the  place  of  meeting  for  the  diet 
of  Hungary.  The  university  is  richly  endowed. 
I'herc  are  40  professors,  and  between  700  and  800 
students.  Tl>e  manufactures  are  various,  com- 
prising silk,  cotton,  leather,  jewellery,  and  music- 
al instruments  ;  also  tobacco,  which  is  here  a  gov- 
ernment monopoly.  130  m.  E.  S.  E.  Vienna.  Pop. 
42,000. 

Petalnais,  t.  India,  in  Tinnevellv.  Lon.  78°  15? 
E.  Lat.  9"  13' N. 

Petapsco,     See  Palapsco. 

Petittlan,  Punta  dc,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Mexico.  Lat.  17"  38'  N. 

Petchelee,  province,  China,  in  which  is  Peking, 
the  capital.  It  is  on  the  Tartar  frontier.  Pop.  ac- 
cording to  Sir  Geoi^e  Staunton,  38,000,000. 

Petchelee,  Gulf  of.     See  Yellow  Sea. 

Petelinga,  Punta,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lon.  35°  W.  Lat.  5°  8'  S. 

Peterborough,  city,  Eng,  in  Northampton  co.  oa 
the  Nen.  Of  the  public  buildings,  the  cathedral 
is  by  far  the  most  remarkable.  It  is  a  noble  struc- 
ture, extending  470  feet  in  length,  and  about  200 
in  breadth.  The  chief  trade  of  Peterborough  con- 
sists in  coals,  corn,  malt,  and  timber.  The  stocking 
manufacture  also  is  carried  on  here  to  a  considera- 
ble extent.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
Pop.  3,674  for  the  city,  and  7,029  for  the  liberty  of 
Peterborough.  78  m.  N.  London.  Lon.  0"  15'  W. 
Lat.  52"  35'  N. 

Peterborough,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  wa- 
tered by  the  Contoocook.  29  m.  S.  W.  Concord. 
Pop.  1,537.  It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable  man- 
ufacturing towns  in  the  State,  and  contains,  be- 
sides other  smaller  manufactories,  5  cotton  facto- 
ries, a  woollen  factory,  several  grain  mills,  au  oil 
mill,  and  a  fulling  mill. 

Pelerborough,  p-v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida 
creek,  29  m.  S.  W.  Utica,  122  W.  Albany.  Here 
are  a  printing  office,  an  arsenal,  and  extensive 
cotton,  woollen,  and  glass  factories. 

Peterhead,  s-p.  Scotland,  Aberdeen  co.  on  a  pe- 
ninsula and  small  island  called  Keith  Inch,  pro- 
jecting into  the  German  ocean,  and  forming  the 
most  eastly  point  of  land  in  Scotland.  It  has  two 
harbours,  divided  from  each  other  by  a  causeway. 
They  are  resorted  to  by  wind-bound  vessels  froni 
all  parts  of  Europe.     Thr  ?hinping  belonging  tc^ 


576 


PET 


this  port  amounts  to  about  13,000  tons.  132  m, 
N.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  1"  22'  W.  Lat.  57°  30'  N. 
Pop.  in  1811,3,554. 

Perterlingen.     See  Payerne. 

Petersburg,  St.  a  government  in  the  N.  W.  of 
Eu.  Russia,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  gulf  of  Fin- 
land. Area,  18,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  700,000.  The 
surface  is  in  general  level.  The  cold  climate  is  un- 
favourable to  the  culture  of  corn.  Timber  forms 
the  chief  source  of  wealth,  deals  and  masts  being 
the  great  articles  of  export. 

Petersburg,  St.  the  capital  of  the  Russian  em- 
pire, is  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  gulf  of  Finland, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Neva.  It  is  entirely  a 
modern  city,  having  been  commenced  by  Peter 
the  Great,  in  the  beginning  of  the  last  century, 
and  has  since  been  progressively  extended  and 
embellished,  particularly  by  the  empress  Catha- 
rine H.  vi'ho  first  made  it  the  permanent  abode  of 
the  court.  The  form  of  Petersburg  is  nearly  cir- 
cular ;  its  diameter  about  four  miles.  The  Neva, 
flowing  from  east  to  west,  divides  it  into  two  parts, 
of  which  the  larger  and  more  populous  is  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river.  On  the  land  side,  St.  Pe- 
tersburg is  almost  entirely  open ;  but  the  approach 
by  sea  is  guarded  by  the  fort  of  Cronstadt,  and  in 
the  middle  of  the  city  is.a  citadel.  The  site  of  this 
capital  is  level,  and  low,  and  was  formerly  liable 
to  inundations. 

The  Neva,  soon  after  entering  St.  Petersburg, 
sends  off  a  branch,  and  from  the  middle  of  the  city 
another  branch,  both  to  the  northward.  These 
fall  soon  after  into  the  sea,  and  form  the  insulated 
tracts  on  which  the  northern  part  of  the  city  is 
built.  The  main  stream  flows  through  the  middle 
of  the  city,  and  has  along  its  south  side  a  quay  three 
miles  in  length,  and  embanked  in  all  its  extent 
with  a  wall,  parapet,  and  pavement  of  granite. 
The  southern  part  of  the  town  is  divided  by  canals. 
No  city  in  Europe  can  stand  a  comparison  with 
St.  Petersburg  in  the  width  and  regularity  of  its 
streets.  The  squares  are  less  numerous  and  spa- 
cious than  might  have  been  expected  in  a  city  of 
such  recent  erection.  The  streets  are  for  the 
most  part  paved  with  stone.  The  houses,  origin- 
ally of  wood,  are  now  of  brick.  One  of  the  chief 
difficulties  in  this  city  is  to  make  a  cellar,  as  in  all 
situations  water  is  found  at  the  depths  of  five  or 
six  feet.  Among  the  most  conspicuous  public 
buildings,  is  the  winter  palace  of  the  czar,  a  build- 
ing of  great  extent,  being  450  feet  long,  350  broad, 
and  70  in  height.  The  number  of  booksellers' 
shops  in  Petersburg  is  between  30  and  40;  of 
printing-houses  about  half  as  many.  The  publi- 
cations are  generally  translations  from  the  French, 
English,  or  German.  Tlic  Petersburg  university- 
was  established  in  1819.  There  are  inferior  in- 
stitutions in  considerable  number,  such  as  schools 
for  medicine,  surgery,  navigation,  mining;  also 
several  military  colleges  and  charity  schools.  Here 
are  also  several  academies,  one  of  sciences,  an- 
other of  the  fine  arts,  and  a  third  for  promoting 
a  knowledge  of  the  Russian  history  and  language. 
But  most  of  the  members  of  these  associations  are 
foreigners,  particularly  Germans.  Petersburg 
contains  several  scientific  collections,  in  particular 
those  of  natural  history  and  the  arts.  The  manu- 
facturing estaV)lishments  are  very  various.  Among 
those  undertaken  by  the  government,  are  the 
grand  tapestry  work,  a  large  manufactory  of  aqua- 
fortis, a  mint,  and  assay  oifice  in  the  citadel,  a 
bronze  work,  a  foundry  of  metal,  a  foundrv  of  can- 


PET 

non,  and  powder-mills.  Of  those  belonging  to  m- 
dividuals,  are  the  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton, 
woollen,  paper  and  cards,  wax-cloth,  snuff,  tobac- 
co, leather,  watches,  glass,  printing  types.  Tho 
commercial  intercourse  of  St.  Petersburg  is  im- 
portant, from  its  extensive  communication  with 
the  interior,  and  its  being  the  only  great  maritime 
outlet  in  the  gulf  of  Finland.  The  canal  of  Visch- 
nei-Volotschok  unites  the  Neva  with  the  Wolga, 
thus  opening  a  slow  but  complete  communication 
between  the  Baltic  and  the  Caspian,  a  distance  ol 
1,400  miles.  The  foreign  trade  of  St.  Petersburg 
is  almost  wholly  in  the  hands  of  foreigners.  Thc^ 
principal  exports  are  hemp  and  flax,  leather  ami 
tallow,  iron  from  the  mines,  and  the  skins  of  hare? 
and  foxes  from  the  forests.  To  these  are  added 
canvas,  and  other  coarse  linen.  The  value  of  the 
annual  imports  into  St.  Petersburg  is  between 
five  and  six  millions  sterling ;  and  that  of  the  ex- 
ports between  four  and  five  millions.  The  num- 
ber of  ships  that  enter  the  Neva  annually  varies 
from  1,000  to  1,700,  of  which  about  half  are  Brit- 
ish. 435  m.  E.  by  N.  Stockholm,  1,400  E.  N.  E. 
London.  Lon.  30°  18'  45"  E.  I>at.  59"  56'  23'  N. 
Pop.  in  1817,  according  to  census,  285,000;  ol 
whom  55,000  were  in  the  land  and  sea  service,, 
and  25,000  were  foreigners. 

Petersburg,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  N.  E 
Albany.     Pop.  2,039. 

Petersburg,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 

Petersburg,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  \V 
side  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  above  Harris 
burg. 

Petersburg,  borough  and  port  of  entry,  Dinwid- 
die  CO.  Virginia,  on  the  S.  E.  bank  of  Appomattox 
river,  just  below  the  falls,  12  miles  from  its  mouth, 
at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  25  m.  S.  Richmond. 
It  carries  on  a  large  commerce  in  tobacco  and  flour, 
and  is  the  emporium  of  trade  for  a  considerable  dis- 
trict in  North  Carolina,  as  well  as  for  the  southern 
part  of  Virginia.  The  falls  of  the  river  at  this 
place  afford  fine  situations  for  mills ;  and  there  is 
a  canal  around  them,  which  opens  the  navig-ation 
for  80  miles  above  the  town.  The  amount  of  ship- 
ping in  this  district,  in  1815,  was  5,912  tons.  Pe- 
tersburg contains  a  court-house,  jail.  Free  iMa- 
sons'  hall,  several  tobacco  warehouses  and  flour 
mills,  2  banks,  an  insurance  oftice,  and  5  houses  of 
public  worship,  2  for  Baptists,  and  1  each  for  Pres- 
byterians, Episcopalians,  and  Methodists.  The 
borough  comprehends,  besides  the  town  of  Peters- 
burg, the  village  of  Blandford ,  in  Prince  George's 
CO.  and  Powhatan,  in  Chesterfield  co.  Pop.  in  1810, 
5,668;  in  1820,  6,328,  of  whom  3,1 17  were  whites, 
1,113  free  blacks,  and  2,098  slaves.  Lon.  77''  31' 
W.    Lat.  37M5'N. 

Petersburg,  p-t.  Elbert  co,  Geo.  on  the  Savan- 
nah, at  the  junction  of  Broad  river,  53  m.  above 
Augusta.     Pop.  332. 

Petersburg,  t.  Woodford  co.  Kentucky,  on  the 
river  Kentucky,  15  m.  S.  E.  Frankfort. 

Petersbjirg,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  E.  N. 
E.  New  Lisbon. 

Petersfield,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  18  m.  N.  E.  Ports- 
mouth,  54  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  0"  54'  W.  Lat. 
50"  59'  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Petershagen,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Weser,  6 
m.  N,  Minden.     Pop.  1,200. 

Petersham,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the  Thames,  on 
the  S.  side  of  Richmond  hill,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Lon- 
don.     Pop.  406. 

Pefemham,  p-t.  Worcerter  co.  Mass.  29  m.  N.W. 


PET 


P  F  A 


577 


Worcester,  67  m.  W.  by  N.  Boston.  Pop.  1,400. 
Swift  river,  a  branch  of  the  Cliicknpee,  runs 
through  the  town.  Petersham  contains  a  variety 
of  manufactures.  The  town  is  handsomely  built, 
on  elevated  ground,  commanding  an  exten^sive 
prospect. 

Peferslhall,  v.  Baden,  24  m.  E.  S.  E.  Slrasburg. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Peterslown,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Va. 

Pelersville,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 

Peterswald,  v.  Bohemia,  20  m.  S.  by  E.  Dresden. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Peiamwaldau,  t.  Prussian  states,  9  m.  S.  Schweid- 
nitz.     Pop.  3,000. 

Peterwardein,  or  Peter-Vara,  strong  t.  Austri- 
an states,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  3,700. 

Petenvardein,  in  Hungary.     See  Nensatz. 

Petherfon,  Korlh,  v.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  8  m.  N. 
E.Taunton.     Pop.  2,615. 

Pelherton,  South,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset,  12  m.  S. 
E.  North  Petherton.     Po)).  1,867. 

Petkor,  in  Sac.  Geog.  place  in  Mesopotamia,  on 
the  Euphrates,  the  dwelling  place  of  Balaam. 

Pelin,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  99° 
27' E.    hat.  2"  20' ,S. 

Petit  Goaves,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  St  Domingo, 
on  the  bay  of  Leogane,  7  m.  W.  Grand  Goave,  36 
W.  by  S.  Port-au-Prince.  Lon.  72"  54'  VV.  Lat. 
18''23'N. 

Petit  Port,  on  the  W.  side  of  Newfoundland  isl- 
and, 5i  leagues  N.  Cape  Ray.  Lon.  59"  15'  W. 
Lat  47"  52'  30"  N. 

Petit  Riviere,  t.  St.  Domingo,  10  Leagues  E.  by 
N.  St.  Marc.     Lon.  72"  15'  VV.    Lat.  19"  8'  N. 

Petite  JVation,  seigniory  York  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  Ottawa. 

Petite  Pierre,  t  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  26  m. 
N.  W.  Strasburg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Petite  Riviere,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  runs 
3.  W.  15  leagues,  and  falls  into  the  Ottawa. 

Petkum,  V.  Hanover,  in  P!ast  Friesland,  on  the 
Ems,  3  ra.  S.  E.  Embden. 

Petlad,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73°  E.  Lat. 
22°  27'  N. 

Petiahwad,  t  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  74°  50' 
E.    Lat  23"  22' N. 

Petoka,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Wabash 
from  the  N.  E.  20  m.  below  Vincennes,  after  a 
oourse  of  about  70  miles, 

Petras.     See  Pelion,  Mount. 

Pelrei  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  shore  of  New  Hol- 
land.     Lon.  133°  15i'  E.    Lat  32"  33i'  S. 

Pelrdla,  t  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra,  11 
in.  E.  Molise.     Pop.  3,000. 

Pctrie's  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  N.  W.  coast  6f 
America.     Lon.  229"  20'  E.    Lat.  54°  42'  NT. 

Pdrikau,  t.  Poland,  76  m.  S.W.  Warsaw.  Pop. 
i,700. 

Peirikov,  t  Russian  Lithuania,  in  Minsk,  130  m. 
15.  E.  Novogrodek. 

Petrinia,  t.  Austrian  states,  35  m.  E.  Carlstadt. 
Pop.  2,900. 

Petronell^  t.  Austrian  states,  12  m.  W.  by  S. 
Presburgh.    Pop.  2,000. 

Petropaulouskaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Irkoutsk,  1 6 
SB.  S.  S.  W.  Selenginsk. 

Petropaulouskaia,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Qufa,  52 
la.  E.  N.  E.  Verchouralsk. 

Petropaulouskoi,  t.  A.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the 
jschim,  40  m.  E.  Ischim. 

Petrorca,  t.  Chili,  in  Quillota,  on  the  Longoto- 
ina.     Lat  31°  30'  S. 

Petrosavodsk,  t.  En.  Russia,  rap.  of  Olonetz,  sit- 

73 


uatca  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Onega,  65  m.  N.  E. 
Olonetz.  Lon.  34"  23'  45"  E.  Lat  61"  47'  4"  N. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Ptlrovsk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Jaroslav,  52  m.  S.  Ja- 
roslav.  Lon.  40"  14'  E.  Lat.  56°  45'  N.  Pop, 
1,000. 

Petrovsk,  t  Eu.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  40  m.  N.W. 
Saratov.     Lon.  44"  54'  E.    Lat.  52"  40'  N. 

Petschanoi,.  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  A.  Russia, 
in  the  Frozen  sea.   Lon.  165°  14'  E.   Lat  75"  25'  N. 
Pelschau,  t,  Bohemia,  63  m.  W.  Prague,  113. 
Carlsbad.     Pop.  1,400. 

Petschora,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  rises  in  the  Ott- 
ral  mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Arctic  ocean, 
near  Pustoserskoe,  after  a  course  of  above  600 
miles. 

Petlapore,  or  Pettipore,  t  Hind,  in  the  Circars, 
Lon.  82-25' E.    Lati7"5'N. 

Pitlau,  t  Austrian  states,  on  the  Drave,  17  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Marburg.  Lon.  15"  59'  26"  E.  Lat  46° 
36'21"N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pel  fern,  v.  North  Holland,  on  the  German  ocean> 
10  ni.  N.  .•Vlkraaar. 

Petllcottu,  t.  India,  in  Tanjore.  Lon.  79°  22'  E. 
Lat.  10"  21'  N. 

Peftini,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Lon* 
24"37'E.    Lat  44"  49' N. 

Pettmes,  or  Potlmes,  t.  Bavaria,  10  m.  S.  by  VV. 
Neuburg  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  1,0C»0. 

Pdforano,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  on  the 
Pescara,  5  m.  S.  Sulmona. 

Pelti/  Harbour,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lon.  52"  20' W.    Lat  47°  30' N. 

Petu-orth,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  a  branch  of  tlie 
Arun,  12  m.  N.  E.  Chichester,  49  S.  W;  London, 
Lon.  0°  36'  W.    Lat.  50°  59'  N.     Pop.  3,007. 

Peua,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon.  38°  36C 
W.    Lat  3°  36' S. 

Pevensey,  v.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  a  small  river 
which  falls  into  Pevensey  bay,  14  m.  S.  W.  Hast- 
ings.    Pop.  2,459. 

Peyaujig,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80°  15'  E. 
Lat.  27"  40'  N. 

Pei/erson''s  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anti- 
gua.    Lon.  61"  32'  VV.    Lat.  17°  18'  N. 

Peyrat,  t.  FVance,  in  Upper  Vienne,  25  m.  E. 
Limoges.     Pop.  1,600. 

Peyrehourade,  t  France,  in  Landes,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Adour  and  the  Gave  de  Pau,  13  ixu 
S.  Dax,  20  E.  by  N.  Bayonne.     Pop.  2,000. 

Peyriac,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  15  m.  £.  by  N.  Car- 
cassonne.    Pop.  1,100. 

Peyrolles,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-crf-tlie-Rhone, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Durance,  12  m.  N.  Aix. 
Pop.  1,800. 

PeyrJisse,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  25  m.  W.  by 
N.  Rodez.     Pop.  900. 

Peytahn,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  82°  15'  E. 
Lat.  29°  4'  N. 

Peytonsburg,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
Peza,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  which  flows  from  the  Lake 
Varzeskoi,  and  runs  into  the  river  Mezen,  12  m, 
S.  E.  Ozokolskoi. 

Pezenas.     See  Pesenas. 

Pezo  do  Regoa,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Montes, 
on  the  Douro,  7  m.  N.  W.  Lamego.     Pop.  1,100, 
Pfafers.     See  Pfeffers. 

Pfaffendorf,  v.  Prussian  states,  1  m..  N.  Liegnitz. 
Here  the  Prupsians,  commanded  by  Frederick  If. 
obtained,  in  1760,  a  signal  victory  over  thie  Austri- 
an?, commanded  by  Laudohn. 

PfaffenJiausen,  t.  Bavarisu  5  m.  N.  N.  W.  MJiJa 
delheira.     Pop.  3,000- 


578 


P  H  I 


P  H  I 


Pfaffcnlwfen,  t.  VVirtemburg,  18  m.  N.  Stut^ 
gai-d.     Pop.  900. 

Pfaffenhofen,  v.  Bavaria,  8  m.  E.  by  S.  Ulm. 
Pop.  1,200.— There  is  another  on  Uie  11m,  24  m. 
N.  by  W,  Munich.     Pop.  1,500. 

Pfaffenhofen,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  on  the 
Inn,  14  m.  W.  Inspruck.     Pop.  2,400. 

Pfaffenhofen^  t.  France,  in  LoAver  Rhine,  9  m. 
W.  Hagenau.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pfalsel,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Saar  and  Moselle, 
3  m.  N.  E.  Treves.     Pop.  900. 

Pfedelbach,  L  Wirtemberg,  4  m.  S.  Oehringen. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Pfedenheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
24  m.  N.  W.  Spire,  23  S.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pfeffenheim,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  6  m. 
S.Colmar.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pfeffers,  or  Pfafers,  v.  Switz.  in  St.  Gall,  4  m. 
S.  Sargans. 

Pfefficon,  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Zurich,  11  m.  E. 
Zurich.     Pop.  2,700. 

PJinz,  small  r.  Baden,  which  falls  into  the 
Rhine,  a  mile  above  Germersheim. 

Pforlen,  v.  Prussia,  1 1  m.  S.  Guben,  67  N.  N.  E. 
Dresden.     Pop.  800. 

Pfortzheim,  t.  Baden,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Wurni  and  Nagold,  17  m.  E.  S.  E,  Carlsruhe,  22 
W.  N.  W.  Stutgard.  Lon.  8"  38'  15"  E.  Lat  48° 
Si^lS'N.     Pop.  5,400. 

Pfreimd,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  river  Nab,  1 1  m.  E. 
Amberg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pfvllendorf,  t.  Baden,  19  m.  N.  by  E.  Constance. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Pfullingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  9  m.  E.  by  S.  Tu- 
hingen.     Pop.  3,200. 

Pfunds,  V.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn, 
44  m.  W.  S.  W.  Inspruck. 

Pfungsiadt,  v.  Germany,  5  m.  S.  S.  E.  Darm- 
stadt.    Pop.  2,100. 

Pfijn,  t.  Switz.  in  Thurgau,  7  m.  W.  Con- 
stance. 

Phalasia,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Negropont.  Lon.  23"  48'  E.  Lat.  38° 
51' N. 

Phalsbourg,  t.  France,  in  Meurtlie,  30  m.  N.W. 
Strasburg.     Pop.  2,900. 

Pharsalia,  or  Pharsa,  (&n.Pharsahis,)  t.  G reece, 
in  Thessaly.  It  lies  adjacent  to  the  plain  so  well 
jknown  for  the  decisive  victory  gained  by  Cajsar 
over  Pompey.  18  m.  S.  E.  Larissa,  23  N.  by  W. 
Zeitun.     Pop.  5,00a 

Pharsalia,  p-t.  Chenanjo  co.  N.  Y.  X.  W.  of 
Norwich.     Pop.  480. 

Pheasants  Isle,  small  isl.  in  the  Bidassoa,  the 
river  which  separates  France  and  Spain. 

Phelps,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  E.  Canan- 
daigua.     Pop.  3,4S0. 

Phenice,  or  Phenicia,  in  Sac.  Gcog.  a  province 
of  Syria,  adjoining  Palestine,  and  lying  on  the 
Mediterranean.  It  was  divided  into  two  parts : 
Maritime  Phenicia,  contained  the  cities  of  Accho, 
Tyre,  Sidon,  Berytes,  and  Tripoli;  the  other  part 
of  Phenicia  was  between  Libanus  and  Antiliba- 
nus,  and  contained  the  cities  of  Heliopolis  andDa- 
mascus. 

Phervinterskoi,  cape,  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Nova  Zembla.  Lon.  77°  14'  E.  Lat.  77° 
.30'N. 

Philadelphia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Lydia,  in 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  river  Cayster,  at  the  foot  of 
mount  Tmolus. 


Philadelphia,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  36  m.  N.W 
Windsor.     Pop.  205. 

Philadelphia,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Bucks  co. 
E.  and  S.  E.  by  Delaware  river,  S.  W.  by  Delaware 
CO.  and  W>  by  Montgomery  co.  Pop.  in  1820, 
136,273. 

Philadelphia,  the  largest  town  in  Pennsylvania, 
is  on  the  VV.  bank  of  Delaware  river,  which  h 
here  seven-eighths  of  a  mile  wide,  126  miles  from 
the  Atlantic  ocean  by  the  course  of  the  bay  and 
river,  and  about  55  or  60,  in  a  S.  E.  direction, 
over  land ;  300  S.  W.  Boston ;  90  S.W.  New  York^ 
100  N.  E.  Baltimore,  138  N.  E.  Washington.  The 
form  of  the  ground  plot  of  the  proper  city  is  an  ob- 
long, about  one  mile  from  N.  to  S.  and  two  from 
E.  to  W.  lying  in  the  narrowest  part  of  the  isthmus, 
between  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill  rivers,  about 
5  miles  in  a  right  line  above  their  confluence. 
The  buildings  now  extend  beyond  these  limit?, 
and  occupy  a  space  exceeding  3  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.  and  on  High  or  Market  street  extend 
from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill.  All  the 
houses  built  beyond  the  boundary  line  of  the  ob- 
long city  are  said  to  be  in  the  "liberties,"  as  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  corporation  does  not  extend  to 
that  part  of  the  town.  Some  of  the  streets  in  the 
liberties  are  irregular,  but  the  city  is  regularly 
laid  out  in  streets  which  cross  each  other  at  right 
angles.  Of  these,  there  were  originally  9  which 
extended  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill,  and 
which  were  crossed  by  23,  running  N.  and  S.  The 
number  of  squares  in  the  original  plan  was  184; 
but  as  several  of  tliem  have  been  intersected  by 
new  streets,  their  number  now  amounts  to  304; 
several  of  which  are  again  intersected  by  lane; 
and  alleys.  Broad  street  is  113  feet  wide;  High 
street,  100;  Mulberry  street,  60;  and  the  other 
streets,  in  the  original  plan,  50  feet  wide.  The 
streets  are  well  paved  with  stones  in  the  middle, 
and  have  neat  foot  paths  of  brick ;  and  being  fur- 
nished with  common  sewers  and  gutters,  are,  in 
general,  kept  very  clean.  Lamps,  disposed  at  con- 
venient distances,  give  light  to  all  parts  of  the  town 
in  the  night.  The  houses  are  generally  construct- 
ed of  brick,  three  stories  high,  pledn  and  neat, 
without  much  ornament. 

Philadelphia  contained,  in  1817,  57  places  of 
public  worship,  viz.  9  for  General  Assembly  Pres- 
byterians, 2  for  Associate  Reformed  Presbyteri- 
ans, 1  for  Associate  Presbyterians,  1  for  Reformed 
Presbyterians,  6  for  Episcopalians,  6  for  Quakers 
or  Friends,  5  for  Baptists,  4  for  Roman  Catholics, 
1  for  Swedes,  2  for  German  Lutherans,  1  for  Eng- 
lish Lutherans,  1  for  German  Presbyterians,  2  for 
Dutch  Reformed  Presbyterians,  1 1  for  Methodists, 
1  for  Moravians,  1  for  Unjversalists,  1  for  Unitari- 
ans, 1  for  Jews,  and  1  for  Swedenborgians.  The 
other  public  buildings  are  the  late  state-house  and 
office?,  2  city  court-houses,  a  county  court-house, 
an  university,  the  Philosophical  Society's  hall,  a 
public  library,  an  hospital,  3  dispensaries,  an  alms- 
house, a  jail,  10  incorporated  banks,  2  dramatic 
theatres,  a  medical  theatre,  the  Washington  hall, 
a  laboratory,  an  amphitheatre,  four  brick  market- 
houses,  3,000  feet  long,  a  fish-market,  a  house  of 
correction,  and  3  powder  magazines.  Steam- 
engine  houses  have  been  erected,  for  supplying 
the  city  with  wholesome  water  from  the  Schuyl- 
kill. The  state-house  was  erected  about  the  year 
1753,  and  its  architecture  is  admired.  It  now  con- 
tains Peal's  museum,  the  largest  collection  of  nat 
ural  curiosities  in  America.  Adjoining  it  is  an  in- 
closed square,  ornamented  with  several  rows  of 


P  H  I 

iiees,  so  as  to  form  a  pleasant  promenade.  The 
new  bank  of  Pennsylvania,  erected  under  the  su- 
perintendance  of  Mr.  Latrobe,  is  a  large  and  re- 
markably elegant  edifice  of  marble,  of  the  Ionic 
order,  constructed  after  the  model  of  the  ancient 
temple  of  Minerva,  in  Greece.  The  roof  of  the 
first  Presbyterian  church  is  supported  in  front  by 
six  pillars  of  the  Corinthian  order,  and  the  build- 
ing docs  honour  to  the  city. 

The  literary  and  benevolent  institutions  are 
very  numerous  and  respectable.  The  Philadel- 
phia library  originated  with  Dr.  Franklin,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1742.  The  building  belong- 
ing to  the  library  company  is  an  elegant  structure ; 
aud  in  front  of  the  edifice  is  a  statue  of  Dr.  Frank- 
lin, of  white  marble,  executed  in  Italy.  The  li- 
brary contained,  in  1817,  more  than  12,000  vol- 
umes, and  there  are,  besides,  a  museum  and  a 
valuable  philosophical  apparatus.  The  library  is 
open  to  the  public  every  day  in  the  week,  except 
Sunday.  The  subscribers  amount  to  nearly  1,000, 
and  each  subscriber  pays  two  dollars  annually. 
The  Philadelphia  Athenaeum  was  incorporated  in 
1815,  and  has  a  library  of  more  than  2,000  vol- 
umes. The  academy  of  natural  sciences,  in- 
corporated in  1817,  has  valuable  collections  in 
the  several  departments  of  natural  history,  and 
a  library  of  about  2,000  volumes.  The  Amer- 
ifcan  Philosophical  Society,  formed  in  1769,  has 
a  library  of  4,000  volumes.  The  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  established  in  1751,  is  the  most  res- 
pectable institution  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
States.  It  has  a  valuable  anatomical  museum,  a 
library  of  nearly  5,000  volumes,  and  usually  about 
200  patients,  of  whom  nearly  one  half  are  luna- 
tics. In  1816,  a  handsome  building  was  erected 
m  ll>e  neighbourhood  of  the  hospital,  to  accom- 
modate Mr.  West's  celebrated  painting,  repre- 
senting Christ  healing  the  sick.  The  profits  re- 
-sulting  from  the  exhibition  of  the  picture  have 
iifforded  a  handsome  income  to  the  hospital. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  was  formed  out 
of  two  institutions;  one  designated  by  the  above 
name,  the  »ther  by  that  of  the  College,  Academy 
and  Charitable  Schools  of  Philadelphia.  They 
now  constitute  a  very  respectable  seminary,  incor- 
porated in  1791,  and  embracing,  at  present,  the 
ibur  departments  of  arts,  medicine,  natural  sci- 
ence, and  law,  in  each  of  which  lectures  are  given. 
There  are  four  professors  in  the  department  of 
arts,  5  in  that  of  natural  science,  1  in  the  law  de- 
partment, and  7  in  the  medical  department.  The 
medical  department  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing 
institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It  has  about 
500  students,  from  various  parts  of  the  U.  States, 
who  expend  annually  at  least  150,000  dollars  in 
the  city. 

Philadelphia  is  the  first  city  in  the  United  States 
in  the  variety,  extent,  and  excellence  of  its  man- 
ufactures. In  1810,  the  city  and  county  contained 
8  cotton  manufactories,  23  carding  machines,  102 
hat  manufactories,  20  nail  manufactories,  10  gun 
manufactories,  39  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  17 
breweries,  7  paper  mills,  27  siiufi"  and  tobacco 
manufactories,  1 5  ropewalks,  24  brush  manufacto- 
ries, 3  glass  v/orks,  14  marble  yards,  7  umbrella 
manufactories,  34  printing-offices,  and  numerous 
ather  manufacturing  establishments.  The  porter 
brewery  rivals  that  of  London.  The  whole  value 
of  the  manufactures  for  the  city  and  county  in 
ISIO,  was  $16,103,869.  In  this  city  is  the  mint  of 
rhe  United  States,  in  which  the  national  money  is 
•oined.     Printing-  i?  carried  on  here  more  exten- 


P  H  I 


5-79 


sively  than  in  any  other  place  in  America.  There 
are  9  daily  newspapers,  2  semi-weekly,  and  4 
weekly. 

The  commerce  of  Philadelphia  is  very  exten- 
sive. In  amount  of  shipping,  it  is  the  fourth  city 
in  the  Union.  The  number  of  tons  in  1816,  waa 
101,830.  It  imports  foreign  goods  for  the  greatest 
part  of  Pennsylvania,  for  Delaware,  and  half  of 
New  Jersey  ;  and  is  contending  with  New  York, 
New  Orleans,  and  Montreal,  for  the  supply  of  the 
western  states.  It  is  computed,  that  10  waggons, 
on  an  average,  leave  Philadelphia  for  Pittsburg, 
every  day,  loaded  with  merchandize,  and  the  an- 
nual value  of  the  goods  thus  transported  has  been 
estimated  at  $18,000,000.  The  Delaware  is  nav- 
igable as  far  as  this  city  for  a  74  gun  ship,  and  for 
sloops  to  Trenton,  35  miles  further. 

The  environs  of  Philadelphia  are  pleasant  and 
well  cultivated.  Towards  the  north  are  Kensing- 
ton, on  the  Delaware,  well  known  for  ship  build- 
ing ;  Germantown,  a  long  and  populous  village, 
and  Frankford,  another  village,  both  within  4  or  5 
miles.  The  Country  seats  are  numerous.  To  the 
south  is  Darby,  a  small,  pleasant  town,  above  7 
miles  distant ;  and  on  the  Schuylkill,  a  town  called 
Hamilton,  near  which  is  the  botanical  garden  of 
Messrs.  Bartrams,  In  the  west,  on  the  same  riv- 
er, 18  acres  of  ground  have  been  destined  for  a 
public  botanical  garden.  The  bridge  over  the 
Schuylkill,  opposite  to  Market  street,  is  a  superb 
structure.  Pop.  of  the  city  and  liberties,  in  1790, 
43,525;  in  1810,92,247;  in  1820,  108,116.  Lon. 
75M0'W.    Lat.39°  37' N. 

Philadelphia,  p-t.  Monroe  co,  Alabama, 

Philates,  or  Filates,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania, 
25  m.  W.  by  S,  Joannina.     Pop.  2,000. 

Philbert  de  Grand-Lieu,  v.  France,  on  the  nor- 
thern bank  of  the  lake  of  Grand-Lieu,  15  m.  S.  by 
W.  Nantes.     Pop.  2,000. 

Philiaira,  Philiatrea,  or  Filatra,  t.  Greece,  in 
the  Morea,  2  m,  from  the  sea,  and  6  S.  W.  Arca- 
dia. 

Philip  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  6  m.  S. 
Norfolk  island. 

Philip  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  145°  25'  E.     Lai.  38"  33'  S, 

Philip  IslaJids,  2  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  140"  3'  E.    Lat.  8"  6'  S. 

Philip  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
143<^  57'  W.    Lat.  16°  24'  S. 

Philip  Port,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  30  miles  long,  and  36  broad.  Lon.  of 
Point  Nepean,  the  E.  point  of  entrance,  144**  38' 
E.    Lat.  38"  18' S. 

Philippe,  Fort,  fort  of  France,  at  the  mouUi  of 
the  small  river  Aa,  below  Gravelines. 

Philhppeau,  a  bay  of  Labrador,  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  near  the  straits  of  Belleisle.  Lon. 
55°  40'  W.    Lat.  51"  20'  N. 

Philippeville,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Namur,  22  m. 
S.  by  W.  Namur,  30  S.  E.  Mons.  Lon.  4°  32'  34' 
E.    Lat.  50°  11'  19"  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Philippi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedon,  8  m.  from 
the  sea,  and  80  E.  by  N.  Salonica.  The  adjoining 
plains  are  famous  as  the  scene  of  a  battle  between 
Cassius  and  Brutus  on  the  one  fiide,  and  Augustus 
and  Mark  Anthony  on  the  other. 

Philippina,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guatimala.  Lon.  91" 
30'  W.    Lat  12"  50'  N. 

Philippine  Bay,  or  Bahia  de  Corks,  bay  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Cuba.     Lon.  83"  50' W.     Lat.  22"  N. 

Phillippines,  an  archipelago  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
consisting  of  a  groat  number  of  isiands  of  various 


at  P  H  O 

sizes,  on  many  of  which  the  Spaniartis  have  estab- 
lishments. They  extend  from  13°  or  14"  to  W  or 
20°  N.  lat.  The  largest  island  is  Luzon,  or  Luco- 
bia ;  to  the  south  of  which  the  principal  islands  are 
Mindoro,  Panay,  Marindique,  Negros,  Masbate, 
Zebu,  Bohol,  Leyte,  Samar,  and  Magindanao. 
The  principal  production  is  rice,  which  is  the 
chief  food  of  the  natives.  The  tobacco  is  excel- 
lent, and  is  esteemed  the  best  in  Asia.  The  ex- 
ports are  birds'  nests,  cassia,  gold  dust,  pepper, 
rattans,  sago,  tortoise  shell,  wax,  wild  honey,  am- 
ber, marble,  tar,  brimstone,  and  many  other  arti- 
cles of  inferior  note.  These  islands  were  first  dis- 
covered by  Magellan  in  1521.  In  1570,  a  settle- 
ment was  effected  at  the  mouth  of  the  Manilla 
river.  The  piratical  cruizers  from  Magindanao 
and  Sooloo  are  constantly  plundering  the  coast  of 
the  Philippines,  capturing  vessels,  burning  towns, 
and  massacreing  the  inhabitants. 

Philippines,  JYew.     See  Pelew  Islands. 

Philippopoli,  or  Filibe,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
don,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Marizza,  95  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Adrianople,  225  W.  N.  W.  Constanti- 
nople.    Pop.  30,000. 

Philipsburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  near  the 
Rhine.  It  was  once  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
Germany.  5  m.  S.  Spire,  14  N.  Carlsruhe.  Pop. 
J,  100. 

Philipsburghy  t.  Bedford  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
th«  E.  side  of  Missisque  bay,  about  one  mile  from 
the  boundary  line  between  Lower  Canada  and  the 
United  States.     It  contains  about  60  houses. 

Philipstady  t.  Sweden,  in  Wermeland,  35  m.  N. 
E.  Carlstadt. 

Philipsthal,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Werra,  38  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Cassel. 

Philipsiown,  t.  Ireland,  in  King's  co.  38  m.  W. 
Dublin. 

Philistia,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Palestine. 

Phillips,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
aide  of  the  Kennebec,  40  ra.  N.  Norridgewock. 

Phillips,  r.  N.  Hampshire,  which  unites  with 
the  Upper  Amoonoosuc,  in  Piercy. 

Phillips,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson. 
W.  ofCarmel.     Pop.  3,120. 

Phillips,  CO.  Arkansaw  Territory,  in  the  N.  E. 
part,  on  the  Mississippi  and  the  St.  Francis  rivers. 
Pop.  in  1821,  1,196.  The  chief  town  is  Helena, 
situated  on  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  below  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Francis. 

Phillipsburg,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

Phillipsburg,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

Phillipsburg,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Dela- 
ware, opposite  Easton,  41  m.  N.  W.  Trenton. 

Phillipsburg,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  riv- 
«r,  opposite  Wellsburg,  Va.  7  m.  S.  Steubenville. 

Phillipston,  p-t.  Worcester  cO.  Mass.  32  m.  N. 
W-  Worcester.     Pop.  830. 

Phillipsloivn,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, opposite  West  Point.     Pop.  3,129. 

Phillipsville,  p-v.  Feliciana  co .  Louisiana. 

Philnkia,  or  Filoki,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  gulf  of  Arta,  16  m.  S.  by  E.  Arta,  56  S.  by 
E- Joannina. 

Phipps,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ame- 
rica, at  the  entrarire  into  Behring's  bay.  Lon. 
140°  W.    Lat.  69°  36'  N. 

Phipsburg,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  Ken- 
aebec,  20  m.  S.  W.  Wiscasset. 

Phloka,  V.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  8  m.  S.  E. 
Pyrgo. 

Phoside,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  6  m.  from  Chao- 
el-in-le-Frifch.     Pop.  1.286. 


PIC 

Pkrijgiu,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  of  Asia  Mi 
nor,  the  capital  of  which  was  Troy.  It  was  divided 
into  Phrygia  Greater  and  Phrygia  Less.  Phrygia 
Greater  was  situated  to  the  E.  between  Bithynia, 
Galatia,  Lydia,  and  Mysia;  Phrygia  Less  was  sit- 
uated to  the  W.  lying  on  the  Hellespont,  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Ida. 

Phijsgeah,  v.  Algiers,  15  m.  from  Constantina. 

Piacenza,  or  Placentia,  t.  Italy,  in  Parma,  in  an 
extensive  plain,  near  the  Po.  Without  being  a 
place  of  strength,  it  is  surrounded  by  earthen 
ramparts  and  defended  by  a  castle.  32  ni.  W.  N. 
W.  Parma,  34  S.  E.  Milan.  Lon.  9"  42'  E.  Lat. 
45°  2'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Piacenza,  or  the  Piacentino,  duchy  of  Italy,  ia 
the  States  of  Parma,  extending  from  the  Appen- 
nines  to  the  Po.  36  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and 
from  10  to  18  broad. 

Piadena,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  16  m.  W.  Mantua. 

Pialapore,  t.  Bengal,  in  Dacca.  Lon.  90°  8'  E. 
Lat.  23"^  35'  N> 

Pialny,  t.  India,  in  Dindigul.  Lon.  77°  37'  E, 
Lat.  10''28'N. 

Plana  de  Greci,  i.  Sicily,  16  m.  S.  W.  Palermo. 

Pianella,  i.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  on  the 
Pescara,  2  m.  S.  W.  Chieti.     Pop.  3,200. 

Pianesza,  t.  Piedmont,  9  m.  W.  Turin.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Piankatank,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Ches£# 
peake,  opposite  Guinn's  island.  It  is  navigable 
8  miles  for  small  craft. 

Pianoza,  small  isl.  belonging  to  Tuscany,  be- 
tween Elba  and  Corsica,  anciently  called  Planau- 
ta,  and  used  by  the  Romans  as  a  place  of  exile. 
Lon.  10°  50'  E.  Lat.  42"  42'  N. 

Piasanskoi,  Verschnti,  v.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk, 
near  the  F'rozen  sea,  460  m.  N.  Turuchansk. 

Piasas,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi. 

Piasila,  r.  Mexico,  Vt^hich  enters  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  lat.  23i°  N. 

Piatra,  t.  Moldavia,  on  the  Bistritza,  70  va. 
S.  W.  Jassy. 

Piave,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  divides  into 
two  branches,  and  runs  into  tiie  Adriatic,  N.  E. 
of  Venice-    It  is  navigable  from  Naventa,  86  miles. 

Piave,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  ol  Modena,  30m.  S. 
by  VV.  Modena. 

Piaw,  Y.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  in  lon.  85"  50'  W.  lat.  15°  52'  N. 

Pittzida,  r.  A.  Russia,  which  rises  in  Tomsk, 
and  after  a  course  of  300  miles,  runs  into  the  Fro- 
zen ocean,  in  lon.  87°  14'  E.  lat.  73"  30'  N. 

Piazza,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto,  37  m.  W. 
by  S.  Catania,  80  S.  E.  Palermo.  Lon.  14°  22'  E. 
Lat.  37°  23'  N.     Pop.  13,500, 

Pic  de  VEioile,  Le,  small  isl.  in  the  S.  Pacific? 
ocean,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Lon.  168°  9'  II 
Lat.  14"  29' S. 

Pic  da  Midi,  Le,  one  of  Uie  highest  mountains 
on  the  French  side  of  the  Pyrenees,  more  than 
9,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  30  m. 
S.  Pau,  75  from  Fontarabia. 

Pica,  r.  Peru,  which  runs  into  Liie  Pacific  ocean, 
forming  a  harbour  at  its  mouth,  in  lat.  20°  12'  S. 

Picardy,  formerly  a  province  in  the  N.  of 
France,  bounded  by  the  English  channel  on  the 
W.  and  the  Netherlands  on  the  E.  It  now  forms 
the  department  of  the  Somme,  and  part  of  the  de- 
partments of  the  Oise,  Aisne,  and  Pas  de  Calais. 

Pichincha,  a  very  lofty  mountain  and  volcano 
of  Quito,  in  S.  America,  on  the  skirt  of  whioh 
frtandj  the  capital.     Lat  0°  1 1'  S 


P  I  E 


P  I  K 


581 


Fick,  r.  Up.  Canada,  which  runs  into  Lake  Su- 
perior, in  Ion.  86°4'W.lat.  48°  28'  N. 

P  ickauajj,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1815,  9,260.  Chief  town,  Circleville.  Picka- 
way plains,  in  this  county,  lie  S.  of  Circleville. 
They  are  7  miles  long  and  3  broad,  and  are  very 
fertile.     Here  is  a  post-office. 

Pickaway,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto, 
7  m  ,  below  Circleville.     Pop.  1,598. 

P  icke7isvilte,  p-t.  Pendleton  co.  S.  C.  on  the  Sa- 
luda, 124  m.  W.  N.  W.  Columbia, 

Pickering,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  26  m.  N.  E. 
York,  223  N.  by  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  48*  W.  Lat. 
54"  15'  N.     Pop.  715. 

Pickering,  t.  York  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake  On- 
tario, E.  of  York. 

Ptckersgil  Cove,  harbour  in  Christmas  sound,  5 
m.  N.  N.  E.  York  Minster. 

Pickersgil  Harbour,  port,  New  Zealand,  on  theS. 
shore  of  Dusky  bay.  Lon.  166°  18' E.  Lat.  4547' S. 

Pickersgil).  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Georgia.  Lon.  36°  42'  W.  Lat.  54°  47'  S. 

Pico,is\.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,forming one 
of  the  group  called  the  Azores.  It  consists  almost 
entirely  of  one  mountain  rising  to  the  height  of 
7,000  feet,  while  its  sides  are  covered  with  vine- 
yards. It  yields  annually  about  5,000  pipes  of  wine. 
P  icOjOr  Sierra  de  Pico,A  mountain  range  of  Spain, 
''in  Estremadura,  which  extends  to  the  frontiers  of 
New  ar.d  Old  Castile,  and  the  province  of  Leon. 

Picquet  Berg,  district  in  Africa,  90  m.  N.  Cape 
Town. 

Pictou,  small  isl.  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  straits  of 
Norlhumberlancr,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  8  m.  S.  St.  John's  island,  58  E.  Bay 
Verte.     Lon.  62°  13'  W.  Lat.  45°  46'  N, 

Pictou,  town.     See  Tinsmouth. 

Picts''  JVall,  a  celebrated  barrier  in  England, 
raised  by  the  Romans  against  the  incursions  of  the 
Picts  and  Scots,  and  of  which  sonic  remains  are 
yet  visible.  It  extended  across  the  island,  from 
the  Solway  frith,  by  Carlisle  and  Newcastle,  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Tyne, 

Pie  di  Litco,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
13  m.  S.  by  E.  Spoleto,  46  N.  by  E.  Rome. 

Piedmont,  the  principal  province  of  the  conti- 
nental states  of  the  king  of  Sardinia,  forming 
the  N.  W.  portion  of  Italy,  having  France  on  the 
\V.  and  Lombardy  on  the  E.  Extent,  nearly 
13,000  square  miles.  It  is  very  fertile,  the  soil 
consisting  for  the  most  part  of  a  rich  sandy  loam, 
which,  with  the  aid  of  extensive  irrigation,  pro- 
duces abundant  crops.  The  plains  yield  wheat, 
rye,  barley,  and  maize  ;  and  in  the  lower  grounds 
rice  is  cultivated  to  a  great  extent.  The  exports 
consist  of  silk,  partly  raw  and  partly  manufactur- 
ed, wine,  fruit,  hides,  wool  and  "butter.  Pop. 
1,750,000,  who  are  all  Catholics,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  20,000  Waldenscs. 

Piedra,  Punta,  de,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Yucatan.     Lon.  91°  10'  W.  Lat.  21°  3'  N. 

Piedra  Blanco,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  New  Spain,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande  de  Santiago.  Lon. 
105"17' W.Lat.21°33'N. 

Piedras,  Punta  de,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cu- 
ba.    Lon.  84°  W.  Lat.  1 5°  50'  N. 

Pielis-Yerci,  lake  of  Finland,  67  miles  long,  and 
from  6  to  14  broad.  It  communicates  with  the 
Lake  Orovesi. 

Pienzn,  t.  Tuscany,  45  m.  S.  Florence. 

Pierce'' s  Island,  small  isl.  N.  H.  in  Piscataqua 
harbour.     On  this  island  is  Fort  Washington. 

Pierced  Islands.     See  Percee. 


Piere^,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  90  m.  N.  Concord. 
Pop.  211, 

Piermont,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river.     Pop.  877. 

Pierpont,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  E.  Jefferson. 

Pierre,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  20  m.  N» 
Louhans,  21  N.  E.  Chalons.     Pop.  1,500. 

Pierre,  Fonts,  t.  France,  in  Oise^  9  m.  S.  E. 
Compeigne.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pierre  d''Oleron,  t.  France,  on  the  island  of  Ole- 
ron,  6  m.  N.  W.  Oleron.     Pop.  3,000. 

Pierrefort,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  8  m.  E.  Auril- 
lac.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pierrelatte,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  14  m.  S.  by 
W.  Montelimart,  40  S.  Valence.     Pop.  2,800. 

Pierreport,  or  Pierre  pertiiis,cin  artificial  pass  iu 
Mount  Jura,  8  m,  N.  VV.  Bienne. 

Pierreville,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  St.  Francis  river,  10  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

Pictola,  V.  Austrian  Italy,  the  birth-place  of 
Virgil,  2  m.  from  Mantua. 

Pietra,  s-p.  Genoa,  16  m.  S.  W.  Savona.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Pietra  Mala,  t.  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  24  m.  N.  by 
W.  Florence. 

Pietra  JVera,  small  place  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,  on  the  sea  coast,  12  m.  S.  W.  Nicotera,  22 
N.  by  E.  Reggio. 

Pietra  Santa,  t.  Tuscany,  6  m.  S.  E.  Massa,  24 
N.  by  W.  Leghorn. 

Piece  di  Sacco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  S.  E» 
Padua.     Pop.  5,100. 

Picux,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  9  nx,  S.  W. 
Cherburg,  12  W.  Valognes.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pigeon  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
near  the  coast  of  Canara.     Lon.  74°'»6'  E.  Lat.  14° 

2'  n; 

Pigeon  River,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into 
French  Broad  river,  34  m.  above  its  mouth, 
and  6  above  the  mouth  of  the  Nolachucky.  The 
mouth  of  Little  Pigeon  river  is  9  m.  below. 

Pigna,  t.  Piedmont,  9  m.  N.  E.  Vintimiglia,  20 
N.  E.  Nice.     Pop.  2,300. 

Pignan,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  12  m.  W.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  1,500. 

Pigtians,  t.  France,  in  Yar,  12  m.  S.  E.  Brig- 
nolles,  23  N.  E.  Toulon.     Pop.  2,300. 

Pignerol.     See  Pinerolo. 

Pigot,  Point,  the  N.  point  at  the  entrance  into 
Passage  canal,  in  Prince  William's  sound-  Lon.- 
212°16i'E.  Lat.  60°47°N. 

Pig  point,  p-v.  Ann-Arundcl  co.  Md. 

Pigwacket,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Coos  co.  lying  between 
Bartlett  an  d  Chatham. 

Pike,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Pike,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 

Pike,  CO,  Pa.  separated  from  Wayne  county. 

Pike,  CO.  Alabama.  Pop.  2,618,  including  54% 
slaves. 

Pike,  CO.  Mississippi,  bordering  on  Louisiana, 
Pop.  in  1816,  2,618.  Slaves,  540.  Chief  town, 
Holmesville. 

Pike,  t.  and  cap.  Bledsoe  co.  E.  Tennessee,  E. 
S.  E.  Murfreesborough. 

Pike,  CO.  Ohio,  on  i)oth  sides  of  Scioto  rircr.  It 
has  Scioto  county  S.  Ross  E.  and^'.  and  Highland 
W- Pop.  in  1815,  2,300.    Chief  town,  Piketon. 

Pike,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  W.  Wooster. 
Pop.  in  1819,  525. 

Pike,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  S.  E.  Somerset. 

Pike,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 

Pike,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio.      Pop.  in  1819,  380. 

Pike.  CO.  Indiana. 


582 


P  I  N 


Pike,  CO.  Illinois,  comprises  the  military  bouii- 
ty  lands,  lying  between  the  Illinois  and  the  Missis- 
sippi.    The  seat  of  justice  is  at  Colesville. 
Pike,  CO.  Missouri. 

Pikelnnd,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill. 
Pop.  1,001. 

Pike  Run,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1.693. 
PikesvUle,  p-v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 
Piketon,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Sci 
oto,  19  m.  below  Chillicothe. 
Pikeville,  p-v.  Rliea  co.  Ten. 
Pilayay  Paspai/a,  or  Cinti,  a  province  of  Bue- 
nos Ayres,  bounded  N.  by  Tomina  and  Pomabam- 
ba,  E.  by  the  Chiriguanos  Indians,  and  W.  and  S. 
by  Porco  and  Chichas.     Pop.  1'2,000. 

Pilcomayo,  r.  S.  America,  in  the  viceroyalty  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  which  rises  in  the  Andes,  near  Po- 
tosi,  and  running  S.  E.  falls  into  the  Paraguay  by 
two  mouths  below  the  city  of  Assumption,  after  a 
course  of  about  900  miles. 

Pilesgrove,  t.  Salem  co.  iV.  J      Pop.  1,756. 
Pilgram^  t,  Bohemia,  57  m.  S.  S.  E;  Prague,  23 
L.  Tabor.     Pop.  2,500. 

Pilgrims,  small  isl.  Lower  Canada,  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  103  m.  below  Quebec. 

Pilibeel,  t.  and  fortress,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  and  dis- 
trict of  Bareily,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Gowrah. 
Lon.  79°  45'  E.  Lat.  28°  39'  iN. 

Pilica,  r.  Poland, -which  falls  into  the  Vistula  a 
few  miles  from  Czersk. 

Pilica,  t.  Poland,  28  m.  N,  by  W.  Cracow.  Pop, 
1,900. 

Pilkallen,  t.  East  Prussia,  17  m.  N.  E.  Gumbin- 
nen.    Lon.  22°  30'  E.  Lat.  54°  45'  N. 

Pilkington,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4i  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Bury.     Pop.  7,353. 

Pillar,  Cape,  on  the  S.  E.  coastof  Van  Diemen's 
Land.     Lon.  148"  8'  E.  Lat.  43"  12'  S. 

Pillar,  Cape,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  forming  the  S.  W.  point  of  entrance  into 
the  Straits  of  Magellan  from  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Lon.  76°  40'  W.  Lat.  52°  45'  S. 

Pillau,  s-p.  E.  Prussia,  at  the  extremity  of  a 
narrow  peninsula,  between  the  Baltic  and  the 
Frische  Haff.  The  town  is  open,  but  adjoining  to 
it  is  a  regular  fortress,  considered  the  key  to  this 
part  of  Prussia  on  the  sea  side.  The  harbour, 
which  serves  as  the  port  of  Konigsberg,  is  commo- 
dious, but  has  only  12  feet  water.  22  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  19°  52'  E.  Lat.  54°  33'  N. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Pillere,  t.  Hind,  in  Golcondah.  Lon.  79°  5'  E. 
Lat.  13°32'N, 

Pilnifz,  v.  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  4  m,  E.  S.  E, 
Dresden. 

Pilseyi,  a  circle  in  Bohemia,  adjoining  Bavaria. 
Area,  1,600  sqtmre  mile?.     Pop.  nearly  170,000. 

Pilsen,  the  chief  town  of  tlir^  above  circle,  is  at 
the  junction  of  the  Misa  and  the  Radbusa,  on  the 
great  road  from  Nurcmburg  to  Prague,  44  m. 
S.  Prague.  The  chief  manufactures  are  wool- 
lens, cottons,  and  leather.  It  is  fortified.Pop.  7,400. 
Pilsno,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  60  m.  E.  Cracow. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Pilten,  t.  Russia,  in  Courlaud,  20  m.  N.  W.  Gol- 
dingen,  80  W.  by  N.  Riga. 

Pihcara,  t.  Hind,  iu  Ajmeer.  Lon.  74°  25'  E. 
Lat.  25°  19'  N. 

Piment,  Port,  v.  St.  Domingo,  8  leagues  E.  by 
S.  Tiburon. 

Pinagra,  t.  India,  in  Baramahal.  Lon.  78°  8' 
E.Lat.  12°  6' N. 


P  I  N 

Ptnang,  Pulo.     See  Prince  of  Wales  Inland, 

Pinar,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Majoi- 
ca.     Lon.  3°  13'  E.  Lat.  39"  53'  N. 

Pinas,  Point,  point  on  the  coastof  New  Califor- 
nia.    Lon.  23;r  22'  E.  Lat.  36°  38'  N. 

Pinckney,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  439. 

Pinckneyvilk,  p-t.  and  cap.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
on  Broad  river,  75  m.  N.  N.  W,  Columbia. 

Pinckneyvilk,  p-v.  Wilkinson  co.  Mississippi, 
about  5  m.  E.  of  the  Mississippi. 

Pinczchcly,  t,  Hungary,  35  m.  S.  Stuhl-Weis- 
semberg. 

Pincsoiv,  t.  Poland,  on  tlie  Nidda,  41  m.  N.  E. 
Cracow.     Pop.  1,800. 

Pinda,  s-p.  Congo,  in  Africa.     Lon.  13°  28'  S. 

Pindus,  now  Called  Mez::ovo,  chain  of  mountains 
in  the  N.  of  Greece,  extending  from  E.  to  W.  and 
separating  Thessaly  from  Albania.  Part  of  this 
chain  is  of  the  height  of  6,000  or  7,000  feet. 

Pine,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     Pop.  588, 

Pine,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  397. 

Pine  bush,  p-v.  Ulster  co.  N.-^Y. 

Pine,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lon.  52°  20'  W.  Lat.  46°  42'  N. 

Pine  Creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  W.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah,  12  m.  W.  liy  coming  '"^jk. 

Pine  fiat,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Pine  Grove,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,290. 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  p-v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

Pine  Hill,  p-v.  York  district,  S.  C. 

Pitie  River,  r.  N,  H,  which  flows  into  Ossipee 
lake. 

Pine  river,  r,  which  rises  in  Missouri,  and  flow- 
ing S.  about  200  miles,  falls  into  White  river. 

Pine  River,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  falls 
into  the  Mississippi  in  lon.  95"  30'  W.  lat.  46°  N. 
It  is  eighty  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  It  communi- 
cates with  the  Lake  Sane  Sue,  or  Leech  Lake. 

Pinega,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  78  m,  E,  by  S.  Archan- 
gel. 

Pinerolo,  or  Pignerol,  t.  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on 
tlie  Clusone,  22  m.  S.  S,  W.  Turin,  Lon.  8°  VJ' 
E.  Lat.  44°  37'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Pines,  Pines,  or  Pinas.     See  Pinos. 

Pines,  Island  of,  isl.  in  the  Pacitic  ocean. 
Lon,  167°  38'  E.  Lat.  22"  38'  S, 

Pinevitle,  p-v.  Charleston  district,  S,  C,  40  m . 
from  Charleston,     Here  is  an  academy. 

Piney  Luxembourg,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  12  m . 
N.E,  froyes.     Pop."l,400. 

Piney  grove,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 

PinJiel,  t.  Portugal,  iu  Beira,  7  m.  N.  E.  Almei- 
da, and  45  S.  E.  Lamego.  Lon.  6°  44°  W.  Lat. 
40"  33'  N,     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pinkafeld,  or  Pinkafcy,  t.  Hungary,  10  m.  W. 
Stein-am- Anger,     Pop.  1,700, 

Pinnacle  Island,  isl.  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
186°  40'  E,  Lat.  60"  25'  N.         * 

Pinnacle  Point,  point  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Al- 
ashka,     Lon,  198"  5'  E.  Lat.  55°  10'  N. 

Pinne,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  28  m,  W.  Posen- 
Pop,  1,100. 

Pinneberg,  district  of  Denmark,  in.  the  duchy  of 
Holstern,  Area,  193  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000. 
Its  chief  town,  Pinneberg,  is  8  m,  N,  W.  Ham- 
burgh. 

Pinner,  t.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  3  m.  N,  W,  Har- 
row on  the  Hill,     Pop.  1,078, 

Pinos,  isl.  of  the  Atlantic  ocean,  olTthe  coast  of 
Darien,  115  m,  E,  S,  E,  Rio  Velo.  Lon.  77"  39' 
W,  Lat.  8°  57'  N. 

Pinos,  isL  near  the  S,  coast  of  Cuba,  from  which 
't.  is  separated  by  a  channel  16  leagues  long,  and  6  , 


P  I  R 


P  I  S 


583 


wkie.  It  is  42  miles  long  and  34  broad,  Lon.  82" 
45' W.  Lat.iil''38'N. 

Pinsk,  t.  Russian  Lithuania,  in  Minsk.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop  of  the  Greek  church.  84  m.  E. 
Brzeze,  100  S.  S.  E.  Grodno.  Lon.  25"  33'  E. 
Lat.  50'  66'  N. 

Pinvekf,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  23  m.  S. 
by  W.  Nicopolis,  66  N.  E.  Sophia. 

Piolone,  or  Plolcng,  t.  France,  in  Vauduse,  3 
m.  iV.  W.  Orange,  18  N.  Avignon.     Pop.  1,700. 

Piomba,  r.  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo  Ultra,  which 
falls  into  the  Adriatic,  in  lon.  l^-"  9'  E.  lat.  42" 
56'  N. 

Piontbino,  principality  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  be- 
tween the  provinces  of  Pisa  and  Sienna.  Extent, 
190  square  miles.  Pop.  18,000.  Annual  rev- 
enue 8,000/. 

Piombino,  t.  Italy,  cap.  of  the  preceding  princi- 
pality, is  on  a  rocky  promontory  opposite  the  isl- 
and of  Elba.  40  m.  S.  by  E.  Leghorn,  60  S.  W. 
Florence.  Lon.  10°  31'  2''  E.  Lat.  42"  55'  27"  N. 
Fop.  4,000. 

Piomat,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  26  m.  N. 
W.  Riom,  30  N.  W.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,700. 

Piontek,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Bsura,  60  m.  W.  by 
5.  Warsaw.     Pop.  1,000. 

Pioria,  lake,  Illinois,  an  expansion  of  Illinois 
river,  20  miles  long  and  li  broad,  except  at  Little 
Detroit,  a  strait  ^  of  a  mile  wide.  At  the  foot  of 
the  lake  stands  Fort  Clark  on  the  VV.  bank. 

Piossasco,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Turin. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Pipe  creek,  small  r.  Ohio,  which  falls  into  Lake 
Erie  in  Sandusky  bay. 

Pipe  creek,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Pipcrno,  t.  Italv,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  9 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Terracina,  38  S.  S.  W.  Rome.  ' 

Pipley,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Subanreeka  river,  about  10  miles  from  the 
sea.     Lon.  87"  25'  E.  Lat.  21"  42'  N. 

Pipleii,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  30  in.  S.  Cuttack. 

Piploud,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  76"  35'  E. 
Lat.  2r  44'  N. 

Pipriac,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Villaine,  14  m. 
N.  Redom,  28  S.  W.  Renncs.     Pop.  1,600. 

Piqiia,  p-t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Great  Mi- 
ami, 130  m.from  its  mouth,  8  N,  Troy,  69  W.  Co- 
lumbus. 

Piquica,  port  of  Peru,  85  m.  S.  W.  Atacames, 
Lat.  27"  S. 

Pira,  r.  New  Grenada,  which  divides  Santa 
Martha  from  Rio  del  Hacha,  and  falls  i«to  the 
Carribean  sea,  in  lat.  11"  18' N. 

Pirano,  t.  Austrian  Illyria,  on  a  narrow  tongue 
of  laud  which  runs  into  the  sea.  14  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Trieste.  Lon.  13"  34'  34"  E.  Lat.  45°  29''  22''  N. 
Pop.  6,200. 

Pirauschta.     See  Philippi. 

Pirai/ii,  parish  of  Paraguay,  26  m.  S.  E.Assump- 
tion.    Lon.  57"  15'  W.  Lat.  25"  29'  S. 

Piruyx,  r.  Peru,  which  enters  the  Guapay,  54 
m.  from  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Piremedi.     See  Argyro  Castro. 

Pirgo,  or  Pirgos,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on 
the  sek  coast,  26  m.  S.  byE.  Durazzo,  28-N.  Av- 
lona. 

Pirhala,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  7r48'E. 
Lat.  32°  25'  N. 

Piribebui,  parish  of  Paraguay,  32  m.  S.  E. 
Assumption.     Lon.  57°  4'  W.  Lat.  25"  27'  S. 

Pirica,  r.  which  rises  in  Guiana,  and  falls  into 
ihe  Comewina.  20  tn.  before  ita  junction  with  the 
i^irinam 


Piristina,  or  PrisHna,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania. It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  bishop.  1 18  m. 
E.  Ragusa,  64  N.  N.  W.  Uscup.     Pop.  10,000. 

Piritu,  province  of  New  Grenada,  bounded  E. 
by  Venezuela.     Its  length  of  coast  is  70  leagues. 

Piritu,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  province  in  New  Gren- 
ada, 15  m.  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1,600. 

Piritu,  2  small  uninhabited  islands  off  the  coast 
of  Caraccas,  between  Cape  Unare  and  Barcelona. 
Lon.  65"  26'  \V.  Lat.  10°  10'  N. 

Piritz,  t.  Pomerania,  12  m.  S.  Stargard. 

Pirjatin,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Pultava,  78  m.  E. 
Kiev. 

Pirmasenc,  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine, 
13  m.  E.  S.  E,  Deux  Ponts,  35  W.  Spire.  Pop.  ia 
1820,  3,200. 

Pima,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  9  m.  S.  E.  Dres- 
dAi.     Pop.  3,800. 

Pirnits,  or  Brtnitz,  t.  Austrinn  states  in  Mora- 
via, 43  m.  W.  Brunn,  5  S.  S.  E.  Iglau.  Pop. 
2;  300. 

Pirra,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  33  m.  S.  W. 
Larissa,  40  S.  E.  Joannina. 

Pirusai,  r.  Quito,  which  takes  the  name  of  Rio 
Blanca,  and  joins  the  Guallabamba  to  form  the 
river  Esm  eraldas,  in  lat.  0°  27'  N. 

Pisa,  city  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Tuscany,  on 
the  Arno,  in  an  extensive  and  richly  cultivated 
plain.  'Phe  university  of  Pisa  is  one  of  the  oldest 
in  Italy,  and  was  long  a  distinguished  nursery  of 
literature.  It  is  still  accounted  the  seat  of  Tuscan 
education.  It  has  4  colleges  with  40  professors. 
The  fortifications  of  Pisa  consist  of  a  wall  and  a 
ditch,  together  with  a  castle  and  a  modern  citadel. 
It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  stands  8  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  13  N.  by  E.  Leghorn, 
30  W.  Florence.  Lon.  10"  24'  E.  Lat.  43°  43'  N. 
Pop.  17,000. 

Pisania,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Gambia,  near  its  mouth.  Lon.  13"  30'  W.  Lat. 
13°  30'  N. 

Piscadore  Islands,  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Lon.  192"  30'  to  193°  W.  Lat.  11°  to  11"  20'  N. 

Piscadorcs,  or  Fishers,  2  rocks  on  the  coast  ol 
Peru.     Lat.  16"  48'  S. 

Piscadores,  rocks  near  the  coast  of  Peru,  5  m. 
N.  N.  VV.  Callao.     Lat.  12"  14'  S. 

Piscasick,  r.  N.  H.  wliich  joins  the  Lamprey,  in 
Durham. 

Piscataqua,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in  the  town  of 
Wakefield,  and  running  S.  S  E.  about  40  miles, 
falls  into  the  Atlantic  below  Portsmouth,  formint: 
during  its  whole  course  the  boundary  between 
Maine  and  New-Hampshire.  From  its  source  to 
the  lower  falls  at  Berwick,  it  is  called  Salmon  fall 
river  ;  thence  to  the  junction  of  the  Cochcco,  a 
western  tributary,  it  assumes  the  name  of  Newich- 
awannoc,  and  thence  to  the  ocean  it  is  called  the 
Piscataqua.  The  principal  western  branch  is  for- 
med by  Swamscot  river  which  comes  from  Exeter ; 
Winnicot  river,  which  comes  through  Greenland 
and  Lamprey  river,  which  divides  Newmarket 
from  Durham,  all  of  which  meet  in  Great  bay, 
4  miles  wide.  The  water,  in  its  further  progress, 
is  contracted  into  a  less  bay  where  it  receives  Oys- 
ter river  from  the  north,  and  at  length  falls  into 
the  Piscataqua  at  Hilton's  point.  The  tide  rises 
into  all  these  bays  and  branches  as  far  as  the  lower 
falls  in.each  river,  where  convenient  trading  places 
have  been  established  which  have  communication 
with  Portsmouth  by  every  tide.  From  Hilton's 
point  to  the  ocean,  a  distance  of  7  miles,  the  river 
h  so  ranid  that  it  never  freeze?. 


584 


P  I  T 


P  I  T 


Piscataquis,  v.  Maine,  a  large  W,  branch  ot  the 
•Penobscot,  which  it  joins  20  m.  above  Bangor. 

Piscataquog,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  E.  S.  E.  and 
joins  the  Merrimack,  in  Bethbrd. 

Fiscaiaimy,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Rari- 
tan,  3i  m.  N.  E.  New  Brunswick,  74  S.  W.  Eliza- 
bethtown.    Pop.  2,475. 

Piscatawaj/,  p-t.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  on  tlie 
Piscataway,  16  m.  N.  Port  Tobacco,  18  S.  Wash- 
ington, 67  S.  W.  by  S.  Baltimore. 

Piscataway,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the  Potomac, 
8  m.  below  Alexandria. 

Piscinola,  t.  Naples,  near  the  capital.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Pisciotta,  t  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  19  m. 
W.  Policastro.     Pop.  2,700. 

Pisco,  s-p.  Peru,  with  a  good  port.  The  road  is 
capacious  enough  to  hold  a  royal  navy.  118  m.  S. 
t^ima.    Lon.  76"  9'  W.  Lat.  13°  46'  S. 

Piscopia,  or  Episcopi,  t.  Cyprus,  supposed  to  be 
on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Curias.     Pop.  700. 

Piscopi,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  16  m. 
N.  W.  Rhodes.  Lon.  27°  9'  E.  Lat.  36°  34' N.  Pop. 
700. 

Piseck,  t.  Bohemia,  53  m.  S.  by  W.  Prague. 
Pop.  3,900. 

Pisgah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  lofty  summit  of  the 
Abarim  mountains,  in  the  country  of  Moab,  and 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  the  kingdom  of  Sihon. 

Pisig,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon  125° 
rE.Lat.2°20'N. 

Pisino.     See  Mitterberg. 

Pisogne,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  19  m.  N.  by  W. 
Srescia.     Pop.  2,000. 

Pison,  in  Sac.  Geog.  r.  which  went  out  from 
^den,  and  encompassed  the  land  of  Havilah. 

Pisos,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  27  m.  N.  W.  Tar- 
tas.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pistoja,  t.  Italy  in  the  grand  'duchy  of  Tuscany, 
near  the  Ombrone.  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Florence,  42 
S.  S.  W.  Bologna.  Lon.  10°  58'  E.  Lat.  43°  57'  N. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Pistokf,  bay  at  the  N.  end  of  Newfoundland, 
setting  up  from  the  straits  of  Belleisle,  between 
Cape  Norman  and  Burnt  cape,  3  leagues  apart. 

Pisucrga,  r.  Spain,  which  falls  into  the  Duero 
near  Valladolid. 

Pitcairji's  Island,  isl.  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
without  river  or  harbour,  but  with  a  fertile  soil, 
and  fine  climate.  About  30  years  ago  it  was  set- 
tled by  the  mutineers  of  the  English  ship  Bounty, 
who  took  with  them  several  Otaheitan  women, 
and  their  descendants  fonn  a  very  interesting  ^col- 
ony. For  a  further  account  of  this  singular  set- 
tlement, see  Quarterly  Review,  vol.  13.  Lon. 
133°21'W.  Lat.25°2'S. 

Piicaithly,  or  Pitkeathly,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perth- 
shire, noted  for  its  mineral  waters. 

Pitch  landing,  t.  Hertford  co.  N.  C,  on  Wicka- 
pon  creek,  25  m.  N.  W.  Edenton.  It  exports  an- 
nually considerable  quantities  of  tar,  turpentine, 
jtnd  lumber. 

Pileschi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Wallachia,  50  m.  N. 
W.  Bucharest. 

Pilhea,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  West  Bothnia,  115  m.N. 
N.  E;  Umea.  Lat.  65°  10'  30"  N.    Pop.  800. 

Pilhea  Lappmark,  one  of  the  divisions  of  Swe- 
dish Lapland,  extending  along  the  river  Pithea. 

Pithiviers,  t.  France,  in  Loirct,  21  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Orleans,  23  N.  W.  Montargis. 

Pithom,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  town  of  Egypt,  called 
^terwards  by  the  Arabs  Fayoum. 

Pithyusx  hk!:,  a  §;roup  of  islands-  in  the  Medi- 


terranean, of  which  the  principal  is  Ivica.  They 
belong  to  Spain. 

Pitigliano,  t.  Tuscany,  54  m.  S.  S.  E.  Sienna, 
Pop.  2,000. 

Pitlessie,  v.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  4  m,  W^.  Cu- 
par. 

Piton  Point,  Great,  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  isl- 
and of  St.  Lucia,  in  the  West  Indies. 

Pilschen,  t.  Prussian  States,  50  m.  E-  Breslaw, 
10  N.  Creutzburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pitt,  t.  Allegany  co.  Pa.  4  or  5  m.  from  Pitts- 
burg,    Pop.  2,441. 

Pitt,  CO.  N.  C.  Pop.  9,169,  including  3,589 
slaves.     Greenville  is  the  chief  town. 

Pitt,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
in  Dixon's  Entrance.  Lon.  132°  10'  W.  Lat.  54° 
50' N. 

Pitt,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Geor- 
gia.    Lon.  158°  29'  E.  Lat.  8°  55'  S. 

Pill''s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  193°  14'  E.  Lat.  11"  50'  S. 

Pitt's  Straits,  straits  which  separate  the  island? 
of  Salwatty  and  Battanta,  at  the  W.  extremity  of 
New  Guinea,  about  30  miles  long,  and  6  broad. 

Pittari,  Cape,  cape  of  Italy,  on  the  W,  coast  of 
Calabria,  in  the  straits  of  Messina.  Lon.  15°  59'  E. 
Lat.  37°  59' N. 

Pitten,  or  Putlen,  t.  Austria.,  9  m.  S.Ebenfurth- 
Pop.  1,200. 

Pittenweem,  a  royal  burgh,  and  sea-port,  Scot- 
land, in  Fife  co.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  frith  of  Forth, 
24  m.  N.  E.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  2"  45'  W.  Lat.  56" 
13'  N. 

Pitti,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon. 
101°  29' E.  Lat.2°N. 

Pittshorough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Chatham  co.N.  C.  It. 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  40 
or  50  houses.  It  has  an  elevated  and  healthy  sit- 
uation, and  is  much  resorted  to  from  the  low  coun- 
try during  the  summer  months.  36  m.  S.  W.  Ra- 
leigh, 54  N.  N.  W.  Fayetteville. 

Pittsburg,  t.  Frontenac  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence. 

Pittsburg,  city,  and  cap.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  i; 
advantageously  situated  in  a  plain,  between  thr 
Alleghany  and  Monongahela  rivers,  at  the  poin* 
where  they  unite  to  form  the  Ohio.  By  means  oi 
Alleghany  rivers  audits  branches,  Pittsburg  has  a 
water  communication  with  the  western  part  of 
New- York,  and  boats  can  approach  within  a  few 
miles  of  Lake  Erie.  By  the  Monongahela  and  a 
good  turnpike  road,  it  is  connected  with  Balti- 
more, and  by  the  Ohio  it  has  an  easy  intercourse 
with  the  western  States.  It  is  also  connected  witU 
Philadelphia  by  an  excellent  turnpike  road.  These 
advantages  have  made  Pittsburg  the  centre  of  a 
great  commerce.  At  the  s.ime  time  all  the  coun- 
try around  the  city,  including  eight  or  nine  coun- 
ties, is  one  great  bed  of  fossil  coal,  and  the  hills 
and  banks  of  the  rivers  within  sight  of  the  town, 
are  full  of  that  mineral.  Hence  the  city  and  its 
suburbs  are  admirably  situated  for  such  manufac- 
turing establishments  as  require  the  use  of  large 
quantities  of  fuel.  A  great  many  such  establish- 
ments have  accordingly  been  erected.  Heje  are 
8  steam  mills  ;  5  glass-houses,  in  which  every 
kind  of  glass,  from  a  porter  bottle  or  window  pane, 
to  the  most  elegant  cut  crystal  glass  is  manufac- 
tured, to  the  amount  of  200,000  dollars  annually  ; 
4  air  furnaces ;  3  breweries ;  numerous  flour 
mills, potteries,  forges,  blastfurnaces,  rolling  mills, 
slitting  mills,  distilleries,  and  other  mills  and  man- 
ufactories, too  numerous  to  b?  particularized.  The 


P  L  A 


585 


umount  of  merchandize  which  passes  through  the 
city  in  the  course  of  a  year,  is  estimated  at 
$20,000,000. 

Pittsburg  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  national 
armory,  4  banks,  4  printing  offices,  and  8  houses 
of  public  worship.  The  ground  plan  of  the  city  is 
nearly  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  at  the  confluenee 
of  the  two  rivers,  and  is  now  nearly  filled  with 
houses.  A  suburb  has  been  laid  out  on  the  Alle- 
ghany, called  the  northern  liberties,  and  another 
on  the  Monongahela.  There  are  4  other  villages, 
which  are  virtually  suburbs  of  Pittsburg :  Alle- 
ghany, upon  a  fine  second  bottom  of  Alleghany 
river,  opposite  the  city ;  Lawrenceville,  2  miles 
above,  and  upon  the  same  side  of  the  Alleghany 
with  the  city  ;  Birmingham,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Monongahela  ;  and  a  street  running  along  the 
left  bank  of  Monongahela,  opposite  Pittsburg. 
Two  bridges  connect  the  city  with  the  opposite 
banks  of  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela.  Trav- 
ellers are  almost  always  disappointed  on  entering 
this  town  ;  and  it  is  by  no  means  a  pleasant  place 
to  a  stranger.  The  constant  "volumes  of  smoke 
from  the  consumption  of  so  much  coal  in  the  va- 
rious manufactories,  fill  the  air  with  a  continual 
cloud  of  coal  dust.  Pop.  of  the  city  and  adjacent 
villages  estimated  in  1815  at  12,000.  230  m.  VV. 
N.  W.  Baltimore,  297  W.  by  N.  Philadelphia,  and 
about  2,000  by  the  course  of  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi above  New  Orleans,  in  40°  31'  44"  N.  lat. 
and  80°  8' W.  Ion. 

Piltsjield,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  12  m.  N.  W. 
Concord.    Pop.  1,050. 

Pitlsfield,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  31  m.  N.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  338. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  pleasantly  sit- 
uated on  the  Housatonnuc,  6  m.  N.  Lenox,  38  E. 
S.  E.  Albany,  40  W.  Northampton,  137  W.  Bos- 
ton. It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a  bank ; 
3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Congregational- 
Ms,  and  1  for  Methodists  ;  a  printing  office,  from 
which  a  weekly  newspaper  is  issued  ;  an  acade- 
my, and  several  manufactories.     Pop.  2,665. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  W. 
Cooperstown.     Pop.  745. 

Pittsford,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt,  on  Otter  creek, 
34  m.  VV.  Windsor.  Pop.  1,936.  Here  is  a  valu- 
able marble  quarry. 

Pittsford,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Genesee 
river. 

Pittsgrove,  p-t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  30  m.  S.  Phila- 
delphia.    Pop.  1,991. 

Pitlston,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Kennebeck,  7  m.  S.  Augusta,  160  N.  N. 
E.Boston.     Pop.  1,018. 

Pittslon,  p-t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

Pittston,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Pitlstown,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  N.  E. 
Albany.     Pop.  3,692. 

Pittsylvania,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia.  Pop. 
17,172.  Slaves,  6,312.  Chief  town,  Danville. 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Piura,  cap.  of  a  province  of  the  same  name  in 
Peru,  25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Payta,  208  N.  N.  W.  Truxil- 
lo,  480  N.  N.  W.  Ijima,  and  7  from  the  ocean.  Lon. 
80°  36'  W.  Lat.  5°  1 1'  S.  Pop.  7,000. 

Piura,  r.  of  the  above  province,  which  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Sechura,  in  lat.  5"  32'  S. 

Piusega,  or  Piubega,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m. 
W.  by  N.  of  Mantua,  23  E.  by  N.  Cremona. 

Pizzighitone,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Serio,  11m.  W.  by  N.  Cre- 
mona, 15  S.  E.  Lodi,  30  S.  E.  Milan. 

74 


Plabernek,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  7  m.  N. 
E.  Brest.     Pop.  3,300. 

Platentia,  in  Italy.     See  Parma  and  Piacensa. 

Placentia  Bay,  a  spacious  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Newfoundland,  which  forms  a  good  harbour,  and 
is  greatly  frequented  by  ships  employed  in  the  cod 
fishery.  Lon.  34"  to  65°  10'  W.  Lat.  47°  to  47° 
50' N. 

Placentia  Lagoon,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Yucatan. 
Lon.  89°  40'  W.   Lat.  18°  38'  N. 

Placer  de  Mraxes,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba. 
Lon.  80°  52'  W.  Lat.  21°  18'  N. 

Plain,  t.  Stark  oo.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  655. 

Plain,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  W.  Wooster. 
Pop.  in  1819,  385. 

Plain,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E.  Colum- 
bus.    Pop.  in  1819,215. 

Plain  du  JVord,  t.  on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Domin- 
go, 5  leagues  W.  by  S.  Cape  Francois,  13  S.  E.  by 
E.  Port  de  Paix. 

Piainfield,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt  8  m.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  543. 

Plainjicld,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Con- 
necticut river,  42  m.  N.  W.  Concord.  Pop. 
1,463.  In  1813,  an  academy  was  established  here* 
called  the  Union  academy,  in  which  indigent 
young  men,  designed  for  the  office  of  clergymen, 
are  educated  gratuitously  in  the  studies  prepara- 
tory to  a  coliegial  course.  It  has  a  principal  and 
an  assistant,  and  alx)ut  100  students. 

PMnJield,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  21  m.  W. 
Northampton.     Pop,  977. 

Plainjidd,  p-t  Windham  co.  Ct.  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Quinebaug.  Pop.  1,738.  It  contains  a  flour- 
ishing academy. 

Plainjield,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  N.  W. 
Cooperstown.     Pop.  2, 122. 

Plainjield,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 

Plainjield,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,439. 

Plaisance,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  on  the  Adour,  20 
m.  N.  W.  Mirande.     Pop.  1,200. 

Plaistow,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  22  m.  S.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  424. 

Plan,  t  Bohemia,  73  m.  W.  Prague.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Plan,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  34  m.  3. 
W.  Toulouse.     Pop.  900. 

Plancy,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  9  m.  W.  by  N.  Ar- 
cis  sur  Aube.     Pop.  900. 

Planian,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  W.  Collin,  3  N.  N. 
E.  Kaurzim. 

Planies,  small  isl.  of  France,  near  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour  of  Marseilles.  Lou.  5°  14' 7"E.  Lat. 
Lat  43°  11' 54"  N. 

Planitz,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  E.  Klattau.  Pop. 
900. 

Plantaganet,  t.  Prescott  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Ot- 
tawa river. 

Plantain  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  W. 
Africa.  Lon.  12°  18'  W.  Lat  7°54'"N. 

Plaquemines,  parish,  Louisiana,  on  botli  sides 
of  the  Mississippi,  at  its  mouth.     Pop.  1,549. 

Plaquemines,  fort,  Louisiana,  on  the  Mississip- 
pi, 43  m.  below  New  Orleans. 

Plaquemines,  r.  Louisiana,  an  outlet  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. It  leaves  the  main  stream  1 12  miles  above 
New-Orleans,  and  unites  with  the  outlet  Atchafa- 
lava,  15  miles  VV.  of  the  Mississippi. 

'Plasencia,  t.  Spain,  in  Estreraadura,  120  m.  W. 
by  S.  Madrid,  32  N.  by  W.  TruxiUo.    Pop.  4,800. 

Piask.     See  Plonsk. 

Plasscy,  t  Beng-al,  in  Nuddeah,  on  the  E.  baok 


O&v 


PL  A 


of  Bag^rutty  or  Hoogly  river.    Lon.  88"  15'  E. 

Lat.  ZSMS'N. 

Plata,  Cape,  cape  in  the  S.  W.  of  Spain,  at  the 
entrance  into  the  straits  of  Gibraltar,  in  the  At- 
lantic. Lon.  5°  55'  W.  Lat.  36°  6'  N. 

Plata,  Rio  de  la,  r.  S.  America,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Uraguay  and  Parana,  near  lat.  34° 
S.  It  is  a  very  broad  river,  being  150  miles  from 
Cape  St.  Maria,  on  one  side  of  the  entrance,  to 
Cape  St,  Anthony  on  the  other.  It  continues  of 
this  width  as  you  ascend  the  stream,  till  you  come 
to  Montevideo,  when  it  suddenly  diminishes  to  80 
miles,  and  at  Buenos  Ayres,  which  is  200  miles 
from  its  mouth,  it  is  about  30  miles  broad.  This 
wide  and  noble  expanse  is,  notwithstanding  its 
extent,  deformed  by  rocks  and  sand-banks,  and 
rendered  of  dangerous  navigation  not  only  by  its 
shoals  and  shallows,  but  likewise  by  the  impetu- 
ous torrents  of  wind  which  sweep,  at  intervals, 
over  the  vast  plains  of  the  Pampas,  to  the  S.  W. 
of  Buenos  Ayres.  See  Paraguay,  and  Parana, 
and  Uraguay: 

-  Plata,  la,  or  Chuquisaca,  city,  S.  America,  in 
the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  cap.  of  a 
province  of  the  same  name,  stands  in  a  small  plain, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  rich  silver  mines.  It  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop.  Lon.  66°  46' W,  Lat.  19° 
30'  S.     Pop.  14,000. 

Plata,  La,  or  Sebastian  del  Oro,  city.  New  Gra- 
nada, 12  m.  from  the  river  Magdalena,  46  E.  Po- 
£iyan,  165  S.  S.  W.  Santa  Fe.    Lon.  75°  46'  W. 
at.  2°  24'  N. 

Plata,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Guayaquil,  near 
the  coast  of  Peru.    Lat.  1°  12'  S. 

Platata,  ancient  t.  Greece,  in  Bceotia,  8  m.  N. 
Thebes. 

Platamonay  t.  Thessaly,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
g^lf  of  Salonica,  said  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  an- 
cient Heraclea.  22  m.  N.  E.  Larissa.  Pop. 
2j000. 

Platanal,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  coast  of  Darien.  Lon.  80°  40'  W.  Lat.  9°  6^  N. 

Plate,  Port  de,  port  on  the  N.  coast  of  St.  Domin- 
go, 22  leagues  W.  Old  Cape  Francois. 

Platte,  La,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain  at  Shelburn. 

Plalte,  La,  or  Shoal  River,  r.  N.  America, 
which  rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  after  an 
easterly  course  of  about  1,600  miles,  falls  into  the 
Missouri,  600  miles  from  the  Mississippi.  The 
current  is  very  rapid. 

Plaite,  Little,  r.  N.  America,  which  falls  into 
the  Missouri  from  the  N.  349  miles  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Plattekille,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
22  m.  below  Kingston.    Pop.  1,936. 

Platten,  t.  Bohemia,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Carlabad. 
Pop.  1,350. 

Plaltensee.    ,See  Balaton. 

Platti,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  55°  20' 
E.  Lat.  5°  55'  S. 

Plattling,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  1 J  m.  N.  E. 
Landau  in  Bavaria.     Pop.  900. 

Platton,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Missouri. 

Plattsburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  W.  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  63  m.  S.  of  Mon- 
treal, 112  N.  Whitehall.  Pop.  3,112.  Lat.  44°  42' 
N.  The  village  is  handsomely  laid  out  at  the 
mouth  of  Saranac  river,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  Presbyterian  church,  a  printing  of- 
fice, and  several  mills  and  stores.  This  place  is 
rendered  famous  by  the  effectual  resistance  on 
the  11th  September,  1814,  of  2.500  Americans 


P  L  E 

under  General  Macomb,  to  the  British  force  of 
14,000  men  under  Sir  George  Provost  In  the 
bay  before  the  town,  at  the  same  time,  the  Ameri- 
can fleet  under  Commodore  M'Donough,  carry- 
ing 86  guns  and  820  men,  captured  the  British 
fleet  under  Commodore  Downie,  carrying  95  guns 
and  1,050  men. 

Plau,  t.  Germany,  in  Schwartzbui^-Sonder- 
shausen,  on  the  Gera,  15  m.  S.  by  W.  Erfurt.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Plau,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
10  m.  S.  E.  Goldberg      Pop.  900. 

Plane,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  27 
m.  W.  Potsdam.     Pop.  800. 

Plauen,  t.  Saxony,  with  large  muslin  manufac- 
tures and  cotton  printing  worto.  75  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  6,100. 

Pleasant,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  13  m.  S.  W.  Co- 
lumbus.    Pop.  in  1819,  520. 

Pleasant,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819. 
575. 

Pleasant,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  N.  E.  of  Lan- 
caster.   Pop.  988. 

Pleasant,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,246.  Ilt^ 
contains  Ripley,  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

Pleasant  Level,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

Pleasant  River,  r.  Washington  co.  Maine,  which 
runs  into  the  sea  between  Addison  and  Harring- 
ton. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  S- 
E.  Poughkeepsie.  Here  is  an  extensive  cotton 
factory,  2  churches,  1  for  Quakers  and  1  for  Pres- 
byterians. It  has  considerable  manufactures.  Al- 
so the  name  of  a  village  in  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-t.  Fairfax  co.  Va. 

Pleasinglon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  2  m.  W.  bv 
S.  Blackburn.     Pop.  599. 

Pleaux,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  7  m.  N.  W.  AtJ- 
rillac.     Pop.  2,600. 

Pleidels/ieim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  near  Ludwigs^ 
burg.     Fop.  1,250. 

Plein  River.     See  Desplanes. 

Pleiyie  Fougere,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Villaine, 
31  m.  N.  by  E.  Rennes.     Pop,  2,800. 

Peisse,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Saale  be- 
tween Halle  and  Merseburg. 

Plelan,  i.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,  23  m.  S. 
W.  Rennes.     Pop.  3,100. 

Plellenberg'' s  Bay,  bay  on  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  400  m.  E.  Cape  Town. 

Plemet,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  9  m.  S.  St. 
Brieux.     Pop.  2,400. 

Pleneuf,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  12  m.  N. 
E.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,300. 

Plesa,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Wolga,  16  m.  S. 
Kostroma.  Lon.  41°  14'  E.  Lat.  57°  15'  N. 

Pleschen,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  17  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Kalisch.     Pop.  1,900. 

Plesovcse,  or  Pliessocz,  t.  Hungary,  21  m.  S. 
Neusohl.  Lon.  19°  8'  45"  E.  Lat.  48°  26'  15"  N. 

Plesse.    See  Josephsladt. 

Plesse,  t.  Prussian  States,  32  m.  E.  S.  E.  Ratis- 
bon.  Pop.  2,300.  Plesse,  the  principality  of  which 
it  is  the  capital,  has  an  extent  of  530  square  miles. 
Pop.  61,000. 

Plessis  les  Tours,  v.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire- 
Pop.  1,000. 
^    Plestin,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  12  m.  N. 
E.  Morlaix.     Pop.  3,500, 

Plettenberg,  t.  Prussian  States,  13  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Arensbcrg.     Pop.  1,300.  -*  :J0f!ffj.. 


P  L  U 


PLY 


58t 


Pleumariin,  t.  France,  in  La  Vienne,  25  m.  N. 
E.  Poitiers.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pleurluii,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-V^ilaine,  28  m. 
N.  W.  Rennes.     Pop.  1,900. 

Pleyben,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  6  m.  N.  by  E. 
Quimper.     Pop.  3,700. 

Plinlimmon.    See  Snoicdon. 

Plochingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Fils  andNeckar,  13  m.  E.  S.  E.  Stutgard.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Plock,  one  of  the  eight  palatinates,  into  which 
the  kingdom  of  Poland  was  divided  by  the  Russian 
government  in  1816.  Area,  7,400  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
320,000. 

Pleck,  or  Plotsk,  t.  Poland,  chief  place  of  the 
preceding  palatinate,  on  the  Vistula.  It  is  a  bish- 
op's see.     55  m.  W.  N.  W.  Warsaw.     Pop.  3,000. 

Ploen,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  18  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Kiel,  22  N.  by  W.  Lubeck.     Pop.  2,000. 

Ploermel,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  34  m.  W.  by 
S.  Rennes.     Pop.  4,500. 

Ploeuc,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  12  m.  N. 
Loudeac.     Pop.  1,100. 

Plofelden,  or  Blaufeld,  t.  Wirteraberg,  17  m.  S. 
3.  E.  Mergentheim.     Pop.  900. 

Plogastel,  V.  France,  in  Finisterre,  34  m.  S. 
Brest.     Pop.  800. 

Plomb  de  Canial.     See  Canted. 

Plombieres,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  14  na.  S.  Epi- 
nal.     Pop.  1,000. 

Plombieres,  t.  France,  4  m.  N.  E.  Dijon.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Plane,  r.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  which  falls  in- 
to the  lake  of  Damm,  near  Damm. 

Phnsk,  t.  Poland,  35  m.  N.  N.  W.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Plouagaf,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  9  m.  S. 
E.  Guingamp,  12  W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  2,100. 

Plouarc.     See  Douarnenez. 

Plouay,  t  France,  in  Morbihan,  12  m.  N.  L'- 
Orient.     Pop.  3,700. 

Pkuescat,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Morlaix.     Pop.  2,200. 

Plmgastel,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  7  m.  E. 
Brest.     Pop.  4,000. 

Plotiha,  t.  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  14  m.  N. 
W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  3,100. 

Plouha,  Pointe  dv,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
France,  in  the  English  channel.  Lou.  2"  48'  W. 
Lat.  48"  41'  N. 

Plousec,  Pointe  de,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
France,  in  the  English  channel.  Lon.  2°  52'  W. 
Lat.  48"  35'  N. 

Plouzevede,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  14  m.  W. 
Morlaix,     Pop.  2,400. 

Pluckemin,  p-v.  Somer/iet  co.  N.  J. 

Pludenz,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  111, 
72  m.  W.  Inspruck,  44  S.  E.  Constance. 

Plue,  La.     See  Rainy  Lake. 

Plumartin,  t.  France,  in  La  Vienne.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Plumb,  t.  Allegany  co.  Pa.  on  Turtle  creek.  Pop. 
1,174. 

Plum  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Massachusetts,  be- 
tween Ipswich  and  Newburyport,  9  miles  long  and 
1  broad,  and  separated  from  the  main  land  by  a 
narrow  sound,  called  Plum  Island  river,  over 
which  there  is  a  bridge.  It  consists  principally 
of  sand  blown  into  heaps,  and  crowned  with  bush- 
es, bearing  the  beach  plum.  The  island  is  a  fa- 
vourite resort  in  summer  for  parties  of  pleasure. 
On  the  N.  end  are  two  light-houses,  and  several 
houses  have  been  erected  ou  the  island  by  the  Hu- 


mane Society,  and  furnished  with  coaveniencea 
for  the  relief  of  distressed  mariners. 

Plumb  Island,  isl.  at  the  N.  E.  end  of  Long  Isl- 
and, N.  Y.  and  annexed  to  Southhold,  in  Suffolk 
CO.  It  contains  about  800  acres,  and  supports  7 
families.  Plumb  gut  separates  it  by  a  strong  cur- 
rent, I  of  a  mile  wide,  from  the  E.  point  of  South- 
hold. 

Plume,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  12  m.  S. 
E.  Nerac.     Pop.  2,700. 

Plumstead,  p-t  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware, 
36  m.  N.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,407. 

Plymouth,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the  head 
of  Plymouth  sound,  which  is  formed  by  the  rivers 
Plym  and  Tamar,  at  their  confluence  with  the 
sea.  The  harbour  is  very  secure,  sufficiently  ca- 
pacious to  contain  about  2,000  sail  of  shipping,  and 
is  altogether  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  It 
consists  of  several  divisions.  Sutton  Pool  imme- 
diately adjoin?  the  town.  Catwater  harbour  is 
formed  by  the  estuary  of  the  Plym.  The  Hamo- 
aze  is  a  magnificent  basin  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ta^ 
mar,  fitted  with  moorings  of  large  iron  chains,  for 
100  sail  of  the  line.  At  the  mouth  of  these  har- 
hours,  the  great  bay  of  Plymouth  sound  forms  an 
excellent  roadstead,  which  is  now  rendered  se- 
cure by  tlie  construction  of  the  breakwater  across 
its  entrance.  This  work,  which  has  been  going 
on  for  years,  and  is  not  yet  finished,  is  the  great- 
est of  the  kind  ever  undertaken  in  the  kingdom. 
It  consists  of  a  mole,  or  vast  heap  of  stones,  in  the 
middle  of  the  sound,  stretching  across  its  entrance, 
occupying  nearly  the  half  of  its  width,  and  leaving 
a  free  passage  for  vessels  both  on  the  E.  and  W. 
shores.  The  whole  expence  is  estimated  at 
1,171,100/. ;  and  it  was  calculated  that  2,000,000 
tons  of  stone  would  be  required  to  finish  it.  The 
result  has  fully  answered  the  expectations  of  its 
projectors.  In  its  present  unfinished  state,  200 
sail  of  vessels  of  every  description  have  here  found 
shelter,  and  25  or  30  sail  of  the  line  may  now  ride 
here  at  all  times,  in  security.  The  dock  yard  of 
Plymouth,  and  the  various  establishments  connect- 
ed with  it,  are  perhaps  the  finest  in  the  world.  43 
m.  S.  W.  Exeter,  216  W.  by  S.  London.  Lon.  4"  T 
W.  Lat.  50"  23'  N.     Pop.  in  1 81 1,  56,060. 

Plymouth,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Merrimack,  35  m.  N.  Concord.  Pop.  937. 
The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here 
and  at  Haverhill. 

Plymouth,  ibrmerly  Saltish,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt. 

15  m.  W.  N.  W.  Windsor.  Pop.  834.  Here  is  a 
remarkable  cavern. 

Plymouth,  co.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by  Norfolk  co. 
E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Barnstable  co.  and  Buz- 
zard's bay,  and  W.  by  Bristol  co.    Pop.  35,169. 

Plymouth,  s-p.  and  cap.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  and 
the  oldest  town  in  New  England,  is  36  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Boston.     It  is  an  extensive  township,  being  about 

16  miles  long,  and  5  broad,  and  containing  more 
than  80  square  miles.  The  principal  settlement 
is  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  township,  and  contains 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
soil  near  the  coast  is  generally  good,  but  the  resi- 
due of  the  township  is  barren,  and,  notwithstand- 
ing its  antiquity,  is  yet  a  forest.  The  harbor  is 
spacious  but  shallow,  and  is  formed  by  a  long  and 
narrow  neck  of  land  called  Salthouse  Beach,  ex- 
tending southerly  from  Marshfield,  and  terminat- 
ing at  the  Gurnet  Head,  and  by  a  smaller  beach 
within,  running  in  an  opposite  direction.  There 
is  a  breach  in  the  inner  beach  which  exposes  the 
shipping,  even  at  the,  wh?rvn9>  daring  an  easterly 


mB 


POD 


storm.  The  amount  of  sliipping  in  Plymouth 
district,  in  1815,  was  21,263  tons,  of  which  several 
thousand  were  employed  in  the  codfishery. 

Plymouth  contains'  a  court-house,  jail,  bank, 
and  4  houses  of  public  worship,  3  for  Coiigrega- 
tionalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  The  first  settlers  of 
New  England  landed  at  this  place  on  the  22d 
of  December  1620,  and  the  present  inhabitants  of 
the  town  are  principally  descendants  of  the  an- 
cient stock.  The  rock  on  which  their  forefathers 
first  landed  was  conveyed,  in  1774,  from  the  shore 
to  a  square  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  the  an- 
niversary of  their  landing  is  still  celebrated.  Pop. 
4,228.     Lon.  70"  SO"  W.  Lat.  41°  68'  N. 

PlynunUh,  p-t,  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  24  m.  W. 
Hartford,  30  N.  New  Haven.  It  contains  3 
churches,  2  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Congre- 
gationalists.     Pop.  1,882. 

Plymouth,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  N.  W. 
Norwich,  107  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,286. 

Plymouth,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  opposite  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  785. 

Plymouth,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  895. 

Plymouth,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  N.  C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Roanoke,  5  m.  above  Albe- 
marle sound,  20  S.  Edenton.  Amount  of  shipping 
in  1816, 1,590  tons. 

Plympion,  Plympton  Earls,  or  Plympton  Mau- 
rice, t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  5  m.  E.  Plymouth. 
Lon.  4°  2'  W.  Lat.  50°  23'  N.     Pop.  715. 

Plympton,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  10  m.  N.  W. 
Plymouth.     Pop.  900. 

Po,  (an.  Padv£,  Eridnnus,)  r.  Europe,  which 
traverses  the  north  of  Italy  from  W.  to  E.  It  ri- 
ses in  Monte  Viso,  one  of  the  Cottian  Alps,  passes 
by  Turin,  and  separating  Austrian  Italy  from  Par- 
ma, Modena,  and  the  States  of  the  Church,  dis- 
charges itself  by  a  number  of  mouths  into  tlie 
Adriatic,  about  30  m.  S.  Venice. 

Pobassoo^s  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of 
New  Holland.     Lon.  136°  27'  E.    Lat.  1 1°  53|'  S. 

Pockeso,  s-p.  Axim,  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Africa. 

Pocklingion,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  14  m.  S.  E. 
York,  1 96  N.  by  W.  London.  Lon.  O'  46'  W.  Lat. 
53°  55'  N.     Pop.  1,539. 

Poco  de  Panella,  v,  Brazil,  On  the  river  Capiba- 
ribe,  some  miles  W.  Pernambuco. 

Pocock's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon. 
118°  12' E.  Lat.  6°  2' S. 

Pocock,  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand,  4  m.  W.  Cape  Brett. 

Pocokonlas,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Appomatox. 

Pocomokt,  r.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland, 
which  runs  into  the  Chesapeak.  It  is  navigable 
a  few  miles. 

Pocotaligo,  p-v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C.  64  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Charleston. 

Podenda,  v.  Asia  Minor,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Sihoun  with  the  Adana,  33  ra.  N.  Adana. 

Podensac,  t.  Erance,  on  the  river  Gironde,  18 
m.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  1,400. 

Podgorodkoi,  fort,  A.  Russia,  in  Oufa,  on  the 
Oural,  92  m.  E.  Orenbourg. 
.    Podgorza,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
Vistula,  opposite  Cracow.     Pop.  4,000. 

Podgnrze,  or  Podgarise,  r.  Poland,  which  forms 
the  boundary  between  Austrian  and  Russian  Po- 
land, and  falls  into  the  Dniester. 

Podiebrad,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  31  m.  E. 
Prague.     Pop.  2,400. 

Podlachia,  one  of  the  eight  palatinates  of  the 
new  kingdom  of  Poland,  lying  between  the  Bu^ 


P  O  I 

and  the  Vistula.  Area,  5,620  sq,  miles.  Fop. 
438,000. 

Podluzacs,  a  tribe  of  Croats  in  the  South  of 
Moravia. 

Podolia,  a  government  of  Russia,  adjacent  to  the 
Austrian  province  of  the  Buckowine.  Area, 
20,400  sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  1,330,000. 

Podor,  a  French  factory  on  the  Senegal.  Lon, 
14°20'W.  Lat.  17°1'N. 

Poeston  Kill,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  Hud- 
son, S.  of  Troy.     Near  its  mouth  are  high  falls. 

Poge,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  Chabaquiddick 
island,  Mass.    Lon.  70°  22'  W.  Lat.  41°  25'  N. 

Poggio  Bonsi,  t.  Tuscany,  28  m.  S.  E.  Florence. 

Poggy,  or  J^assau  Isles,  islands  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Sumatra,  at  the  distance  of  20  or  30  leagues, 
between  lat.  2°  18'  and  3°  16'  S. 

Pohl,  isl.  of  the  Baltic,  off  the  coast  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  nearly  opposite  Wismar.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Poilly,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  40  m.  S.  by  E.  Or- 
leans.    Pop.  1,200. 

Poimel,  Points  de,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
France.     Lon.  3°  44'  W.  Lat.  48°  43'  N. 

Point,  t.  Northu  mberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  431 . 

Point  aux  Pins.     See  Landg^tard. 

Point  Chico,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  the 
Mississippi,  at  the  confluence  of  Arkansaw  river. 

Point  Coupee,  parish,  Louisiana,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  4,539.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Point  Coupee,  t.  in  the  above  parish,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  30  m.  above  Baton 
Rouge. 

Paint  de  Galle,  s-p.  on  the  S.  W.  point  of  Cey- 
lon. The  harbor  is  good,  and  during  the  season 
when  the  roadstead  of  Colombo  is  unsafe,  ships 
frequently  wait  at  Point  de  Galle,  till  their  car- 
goes are  ready.     Lon.  80°  15'  E.  Lat.  6°  N. 

Point  Gordwar,  point  of  land  which  projects 
into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  Godavery 
river.     Lon.  82°  17'  E.  Lat.  16°  48' N. 

Poiiit  Harmar,  the  name  of  that  part  of  Ma- 
rietta in  Ohio,  which  is  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Muskingum.  It  contains  above  30  houses,  a  post- 
office,  and  a  steam-mill. 

Point  Palmiras.     See  Palmiras. 

Point  Pedro,  t.  Ceylon,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  island.    Lon.  80°  25'  E.  Lat.  9°  52'  N. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-t.  Mason  co.  Va.  on  the  Ohio, 
just  above  the  confluence  of  the  Kenhawa,  5  m. 
N.  E.  Gallipolis. 

Point  Pleamnt,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  21  m.  S.  W.  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1815, 
150. 

Pointe  du  Lac,  La  Riviere  de  la,  small  r.  Low- 
er Canada,  which  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  N.  E.  extremity  of  lake  St.  Peter. 

Pointe  du  Lac,  or  Tonnoucour,  seigniory.  Lower 
Canada,  in  St.  Maurice  co.  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
8  m.  W.  Three-Rivers. 

Pointe  aux  Peres,  or  Father  Point,  cape,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  the  river  St.  Lavnrence,  160  m.  below 
Quebec. 

Pointe  aux  Trembles,  v.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  above  Que- 
bec. 

Pointy,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges. 
Lon.  87°  26'  E.  Lat.  25°  20'  N. 

Poire  sous  la  Roche  sur  Yonne,  t.  France,  in  La 
Vendee,  42  m.  N.  W.  Fontenay.     Pop.  4,200. 

Poirino,  t.  Piedmont,  12  m.  S.  E.  Turin.  Pop. 
5,000.  :J^iM^t'i^^-  '•    •u'**^—' 


POL 


POL 


589 


Poissons,  t  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  4  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Joinville,  14  S.  E.  Vassy.     Pop.  1,800. 

Poissy,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Versailles.     Pop.  2,500. 

Poitiers,  t,  France,  cap.  of  La  Vienne.  It  is 
celebrated  for  the  victory  of  Edward  the  Black 
Prince,  over  the  French,  on  13th  September 
1334.  85  m.  S.  S.  W.  Tours,  250  S.  W.  Paris. 
Lon.  0'^  20'  E.  Lat.  46°  36'  N.    Pop.  21,300. 

Poitou,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  of 
France,  now  divided  into  three  departments  :  La 
Vienne,  the  Deux  Sevres,  and  La  Vendee. 

Poix,  t.  France,  in  Sorame,  17  m.  S.W.  Amiens. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Pokrow,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vladimir,  62  m.  E. 
Moscow. 

Pola,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria,  on  the  gulf  of 
Venice.  It  was  formerly  a  considerable  city,  and 
is  still  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  900,  not  a  tenth  of 
what  it  was  in  the  time  of  the  Romans.  Its  har- 
bor, however,  is  excellent,  and  is  sufficient  to  con- 
tain a  large  fleet,  30  m.  S.  Capo  d' Istria,  44  S. 
Trieste.     Lon.  14°  3' E.  Lat.  45°  5' N. 

Pola,  or  Oteivhei,  one  of  the  Navigator's  isl- 
ands, separated  from  Oyolava  by  a  channel  about 
4  leagues  wide.     Lon.  172°  20'  W.  Lat.  13°  52'  S. 

Poland,  formerly  a  large  country  of  Europe, 
bounded  W.  by  Germany,  E.  by  Russia,  and  S.  by 
Hungary,  Walachia,  and  Moldavia.  Including 
Lithuania,  it  contains  284,000  square  miles,  and 
15,000,000  inhabitants.— The  partition  of  Poland 
between  Russia,  Austria  and  Prussia,  took  place 
at  three  distinct  epochs,  1772,  1793,  and  1795; 
and  the  result  of  the  whole  was  nearly  as  ioUows  : 
Sq.  Miles.  Population, 
T'o  Austria,  -  -  64,000  4,800,000 
To  Prussia,  -  -  52,000  3,500,000 
To  Russia,        -        -         168,000        6,700,000 

284,000  15,000,000 
At  the  peace  of  Tilsit  (July  1807,)  Bonaparte 
stripped  Prussia  of  the  greatest  part  of  her  Polish 
possecsions.  Of  these  he  gave  a  small  portion  to 
Russia,  and  erected  the  rest  into  a  new  state,  cal- 
led the  grand  duchy  of  Warsaw,  which  he  as- 
signed to  the  king  of  Saxony.  In  1809,  after  van- 
quishing Austria  in  the  field,  he  compelled  her  to 
cede  part  of  Galicia  to  Russia,  and  another  part 
to  his  new  grand  duchy.  But  all  the  arrange- 
ments of  Bonaparte  were  overturned  by  the  dis- 
astrous campaign  of  1812:  the  Russians  re-occu- 
pied Poland ;  and  the  congress  of  Vienna,  while 
it  decreed  to  Austria  and  Prussia  a  partial  restitu- 
tion of  their  late  cessions,  confirmed  to  Russia  all 
the  Polish  and  Lithuanian  provinces  acquired  be- 
fore 1795,  conferring  on  her,  in  addition,  the  sove- 
reignty of  the  central  provinces,  which  constitute 
the  present  kingdom  of  Poland.  See  next  article. 
Each  of  the  three  powers  was  enjoined  by  the 
congress  to  give  to  its  respective  portion  of  Po- 
land as  free  a  constitution  as  circumstances  should 
permit. 

The  folio wing^  table  shows  how  the  territory  and 
population  are  at  present  divided  between  the 
three  powers : 


Sq.  Miles. 

Population. 

To  Prussia, 

29,000 

1,800,000 

To  Austria, 

30,000 

3,500,000 

Kingdom  of  Poland, 

-      47,000 

2,800,000 

To  Russia, 

178,000 

6,900,000 

284,000       15,000,000 
Poland,  Kingdom  of,  the  only  portion  of  the 


preceding  country  that  still  retains  officially  its 
ancient  name,  comprises  the  chief  part  of  ttelt 
which,  from  1807  to  1813,  formed  the  duct^  of 
Warsaw.  It  consists  of  the  central  provinces  of 
Poland,  bounded  all  along  its  frontier  by  the  re- 
spective acqaisitions  of  Russia,  Austria,  and 
Prussia.  Area,  47,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  2,800,000. 
It  is  divided  into  the  eight  palatinates  of  Cracow, 
Sendomir,  Kalisch,  Lublin,  Plock,  Masovia,  Pod- 
lachia,  and  Augustow.  The  exports  coiisist  of 
corn,  hemp,  flax,  cattle,  timber,  wax,  and  honey. 
— This  country,  though  subject  to  the  same  sove- 
reign as  Russia,  is  governed  in  every  respect  as  a 
separate  monarchy.  The  regal  dignity  is  vested 
in  the  czar,  represented  by  a  viceroy,  in  whom, 
and  in  a  cabinet  of  ministers,  the  executive  gov- 
ernment resides.  All  ministers  are  accountable 
to  the  senate.  The  senate  consists  of  30  members. 
The  chamber  of  representatives  consists  of  77 
deputies  from  the  provincial  nobihty  and  gentry, 
and  of  the  members  of  th*>  cabinet.  The  revenue 
amounts  to  900,000/.  sterling.  The  military  force 
is  considerable,  particularly  in  cavalry.  The  re- 
ligion of  the  majority  is  the  Catholic.  The  Pro- 
testants of  different  sects  are  also  numerous;  and 
there  are  many  members  of  the  Greek  church. 
The  Jews  are  computed  to  form  a  seventh  of  the 
whole  population. 

Poland,  Austrian.    See  Galieia. 

Poland,  Prussian.    See  Posen,  Grand  Duchy  of. 

Poland,  Russian.  See  the  governments  of  Fb/- 
hynia,  Podolia,  Kiev,  Poltava,  and  Charkov,  in  Eu-- 
ropean  Russia;  abo  Lithuania. 

Poland,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Androscoggin,  30  m.  N.  Portland,  140 
N.  N.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  850. 

Poland,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Maho- 
ning, 18  m.  E.  Warren.  Pop.  827.  It  contains  a 
forge  and  furnace,  and  other  mills. 

Polar  Regions.  The  regions  within  the  arctip 
circle  have  been  rendered  interesting  from  the 
recent  discoveries  effected  by  the  expeditions  sent 
out  by  the  British  government  in  search  of  a 
north-west  passage.  The  most  successful  of  these 
expeditions  was  that  under  command  of  Captain 
Parry,  who  left  England  in  the  spring  of  1819,  and 
passing  through  Davis'  strait  into  Baffin's  bay, 
reached  the  western  shore  of  that  bay  in  lat.  74° 
at  a  place  which  had  been  named  by  former  voy- 
agers, Lancaster  Sound.  But  instead  of  a  Soifnd, 
Capt.  Parry  ascertained  that  it  was  a  strait,  lead- 
ing directly  into  the  long-sought-for  Polar  Sea. 
It  extends  about  150  miles  in  a  direction  due  east 
and  west,  the  shores  bounding  it  to  the  north  and 
south  being  nearly  parallel,  at  an  average  dis- 
tance of  40  or  50  miles.  To  the  now-ascertained 
strait  the  name  of  Barrow's  Strait  was  given.  In 
this  the  water  was  deep,  and  clear  from  ice ;  but, 
on  entering  the  Polar  Sea,  the  barrier  of  ice  pre- 
venting further  progress  westward,  Capt.  Parry 
bent  his  course  in  a  southerly  direction,  and  en- 
tered a  large  Sound  or  inlet,  25  miles  in  breadth. 
Having  sailed  120  miles  down  this  inlet,  the  ships 
were  obstructed  by  ice,  and  returned  to  the  west- 
ern extremity  of  Barrow's  Strait,  where  the  ico. 
was  found  broken  up  to  such  an  extent  that  they 
were  enable  to  proceed  westward,  and  the  ships 
pursued  their  course  between  the  parallels  of  74* 
and  75*,  passing  a  number  of  islands,  one  of  which, 
in  about  104°  W.  lon.  they  named  Byam  Manin 
Island.  Proceeding  still  westward,  a  very  large 
island  was  discovered,  extending  from  lon.  106* 
to  114°  W.  and  from  lat.  74°  SC  to  nearly  76"  N. 


^m 


POL 


This  island  was  called,  in  honor  of  the  first  lord  oi 
the  Admiralty,  Melville  island.  The  polar  win- 
ter now  commenced,  and  the  ships  anchored  in  a 
harbour  on  the  south  side  of  this  island,  where 
they  were  imprisoned  by  the  ice  during  a  period 
of  310  days.  Having  sailed  again  on  the  6th  of 
August  1820,  they  reached  the  west  extremity  of 
Melville's  island,  in  Ion.  114°  W.  where,  owing  to 
the  immense  and  impermeable  barriers  of  ice,  fur- 
ther progress  became  impossible,  ami  the  ships  re- 
turned to  England,  Under  the  same  enterprising 
commander  a  new  expedition  has  sailed  to  ex- 
plore these  regions. 

Polcenigo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  23  m.  N.  Treviso. 
Pop.  3,000. 

Polch,  or  Polich,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  17  m.  W.  Coblentz.     Pop.  1,200. 

Polder,  s-p.  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  in 
Agoona. 

Pole,  Cape,  point  of  the  N.  W.  shore  of  Prince 
of  Wales  archipelago,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  226"  21'  W.  Lat.  56°  3'  N. 

Polenz,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Elbe,  be- 
low Schandau. 

Poleschowitz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  6 
m.  S.  W.  Hradisch.     Pop.  1,500. 

Poigar,  t.  Hungary,  33  m.  E.  Erlau,  32  N.  N. 
W.  Debreczin.     Pop.  4,000. 

Poli,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Compagna  di  Roma,  3  m. 
N.  Palestrina. 

Policandro,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipe- 
lago, E.  of  Milo,  anciently  called  Phologandros. 
It  is  about  20  miles  in  circuit.  Pop.  1,200,  chiefly 
Creeks.     Lon.  24°  59'  E.  Lat.  36°  37'  N. 

Policastro,  t.  Naples,  85  m.  S.  E.  Naples.  Pop. 
400. 

Policzka,  t.  Bohemia,  85  m.  E.  S.  E.  Prague. 
Pop.  2,300. 

Polignac,  or  Espales,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Loire,  on  the  Loire,  6  m.  N.  Le  Puy.    Pop.  2,()(X). 

Polignano,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  on  the  sea  coast, 
19  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bari.     Pop.  6,900. 

Poligny,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  26  m.  S.  S.  W.  Be- 
sancon.     Pop.  5,400. 

Polina,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  16  m.  W.  by 
N.  Herat. 

Polilz,  s-p.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  8  m.  N.  Old 
Stettin.     Pop.  1,200. 

Polils,  t.  Bohemia,  25  m.  N.N.E.  Konigingratz. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Polizzy,  t.  Sicily,  in  tlie  Val  di  Mazzara,  18  m. 
S.  E.  Palermo.     Pop.  4,900. 

Polla,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra,  4  m.  S. 
Cangiano.     Pop.  3,500. 

PoUacra,  Pxinta  de  la,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Spain.     Lon.  2"  10'  W.  Lat.  36°  49'  N. 

Pollardsville,  p-v.  Greenville  district,  S.  C. 

Polle,  t.  Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  20  m.  S.  Ha- 
meln.    Pop.  1,000. 

Pollenza,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Tanaro,  30  m.  S. 
Turin. 

Polling,  t.  Bavaria,  2  m.  S.  S.  W.  Weilheim. 
Lon.  11°  9'  E.  Lat.  47°  48'  17"  N.     Pop.  900. 

Pollockshaws,  v.  Scotland,  in  Renfrewshire,  2i 
m.  fr.  Glasgow.     Pop.  2,000. 

Polloor,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatjc.  Lon.  79"  15' 
E.  Lat.  12"30'N. 

Polna,  t.  Bohemia,  70  m.  E.  S.  E.  Prague.  Pop. 
3,800. 

Polnisch  Freystadt.    See  Rackwitz. 

Polo,  or  Pule,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sardinia,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  gulf  of 
Cagliari.    Lon.  9°  20'  F^  Lat.  39°  8'  N. 


POM 

Poio,  one  oi  the  Philippine  islands,  off  the  W, 
coast  of  Luzon.  It  is  25  miles  long,  by  13  broad. 
Lat.  15°  N. 

Polo,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  50  miles  in 
circumference.     Lon.  122°  28' E.   Lat  14°  55' N. 

Polo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  N. 
coast  of  Samar.     Lon.  121°  33'  E.    Lat.  12°  14'  N. 

Polo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Bool.     Lon.  124°  5'  E.  Lat.  9°  40'  N. 

Polonne,  t.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  115  m.  W. 
Kiev,  95  S.  E.  Luck. 

Poloonshah,  t.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad.  Lon.  81° 
10'  E.  Lat.  17"  35'  N. 

Pololzk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Vitepsk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Polota  and  the  Dwina.  It  is  a  bish- 
op's see.     Pop.  3,500.     73  m.  W.  by  N.  Vitepsk. 

Poltava,  cap.  of  the  government  of  the  same 
name,  Russia,  stands  on  the  river  Vorskla,  737  m.  S. 
by  E.  Petersburg,  459  S.  S.  W.  Moscow.  Lon.  34° 
14'  E.  Lat.  49°  30'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Poltava,  province  of  Russia,  between  the  gov- 
ernments of  Cherson  and  Charkov.  Area,  16,000 
sq.  miles.     Pop.  about  1,500,000. 

Polynesia,  a  term  applied  to  the  numerous  isl- 
ands in  the  Pacific  ocean,  east  of  Australasia  and 
the  Philippine  islands,  including  the  Sandwich, 
the  Society,  the  Marquesas,  and  others,  from  lon. 
170°  to  230°  E.  and  lat.  35°  N.  to  50°  S. ;  an  extent 
of  5, 1 00  miles  from  N.  to  S.  by  3,600  from  E.  to  W. 

Polzin,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  50  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Stargard,  36  S.  S.  E.  Colberg.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pomabamba,  province  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Pom- 
abamba,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  64"  8'  W.  lat.  19" 
55' S. 

Pomard,  v.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  2  m.  S.  W 
Beaune.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pomares,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  15  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Sever.     Pop.  1,500. 

Pombal,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  16  m.  N. 
E.  Leiria,  21  S.  Coimbra.     Pop.  3,800. 

Pombo.     See  Pemba. 

Pomegue,  small  isl.  France,  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean. Ships  from  the  Levant,  bound  for  Mar- 
seilles, perform  quarantine  here.  Lon.  6°  23'  E. 
Lat.  43°  16'  N. 

Pomerania,  province  of  the  Prussian  states,  ly- 
ing along  the  S.  coast  of  the  Baltic,  from  lon.  12" 
29'  to  18°  2'  E.  and  from  lat.  52°  to  54°  44'  N. 
Area,  12,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  670,000.  Part  of  it 
formerly  belonged  to  Sweden ;  but  Prussia  is  now 
in  possession  of  the  whole,  as  well  as  of  the  adja- 
cent island  of  Rugen.  It  is  almost  entirely  a  flat 
country.  The  exports  consist  of  corn,  cattle, 
timber,  wool,  and  wax ;  also  of  dried  fish. 

Pomerelia,  or  Little  Pomerania,  a  district  of  the 
Prussian  states,  forming  part  of  the  government  of 
Dantzic. 

Pomfrei,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  17  m.  N.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,473. 

Pomfref,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on  the  Quine- 
baug,  40  m.  N.  E.  Hartford,  30  W.  Providence, 
57  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,905.  It  contains  one  of 
the  largest  cotton  factories  in  the  State. 

Pom/ret,  p-t.  Chatauque  co.  N.Y.  on  lake  Erie. 
Pop,  1,342.  In  this  town  are  the  villages  of  Dun- 
kirk and  Fredonia. 

Pomigliano  d'Arco,  t.  Naples,  near  the  capital. 
Pop.  4,800. 

Pomme,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash, 170  m.  above  Vincennes. 

Pommerieiix,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  20  m.  S. 
by  W.Laval.    Pop.  1,000. 

Pommersfelden,  v.  Bavarian  states,  17ni.  S.  W. 
Bamberg. 


PON 


PON 


591 


Pomona,  or  Mainland,  the  largest  of  the  Ork- 
ney islands,  in  the  middle  of  the  group.  Extent, 
212  sq.  miles,  or  135,680  acres. 

Pompeii,  or  Pompeia,  ancient  city  of  Italy,  at 
the  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  which  was  buried  by 
an  eruption  of  that  mountain  in  the  year  79.  The 
volcanic  matter  covering  Pompeii  being  little 
more  than  an  accumulation  of  ashes,  about  a  fourth 
part  of  the  city  has  been  cleared,  and  several 
temples  and  columns,  and  numerous  ancient  build- 
ings, have  been  discovered.  14  m.  S.  E.  Naples. 
See  Herculanetim. 

Pompey,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  11  m.  S.  E. 
Onondaga,  146  ^V.  Albany.  Pop.  5,669.  On 
Pompey  hill  in  this  town,  there  iia  place  called  by 
the  Indians,  Bloody  hill.  Fragments  of  guns, 
brass  kettles,  and  other  vestiges  of  a  civilized  peo- 
ple, have  been  dug  up  here,  and  it  is  conjectured 
that  formerly  a  parly  of  Spaniards  from  the  S.  W. 
penetrated  to  this  spot,  and  were  cut  oft'  by  the 
Indians. 

Pompey  West  Hill,  p-v.  in  the  above  township. 

Pompiano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  11  m.  S.  W. 
Brescia, 

Pomponesco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Po,  5  m. 
S.  E.  Sabionetta. 

Pompton,  p-t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,060. 

Ponarum,  t.  Indiu,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79° 
Se'E.  Lat.  ir26'N. 

Poncin,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  river  Ain,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Bourg.     Pop.  2,700. 

Pondah,  t.  and  celebrated  fortress.  Hind,  in  Be- 
japore,  at  the  foot  of  the  Western  mountains,  or 
Ghauts.  It  commands  the  most  frequented  pass 
leading  from  Goa  and  Soonda,  into  the  interior. 
Lon.  73'  56'  E.  Lat.  15° 23'  N. 

Pondi,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  separated 
from  the  E.  point  of  Madura,  by  a  channel  a  mile 
wide.     Lon.  1 14°  23'  E.  Lat.  6"  57'  S. 

Pondicherry,  city  on  the  sea  coast  of  India,  in  the 
Carnatic,  and  capital  of  the  French  establishments 
in  India,  but  is  not  considered  of  much  commercial 
or  political  importance.  Lon.  79°  58'  E.  Lat.  1 1" 
:i6'  N. 

Pondico,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 
9.  m.  N.  Negropont.  Lon.  23°  29'  E.  Lat.  39° 
10'  N. 

Pondimarka,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Circars.  Lon.  83° 
E.Lat.  17"37'N. 

Pondong,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
S.  E.  coast  of  Siao.     Lon.  125°  10'  E.  Lat.  2°  40'  N. 

Ponferrada,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  23  m.  W.  Astor- 
ija.     Pop.  2,20t>. 

Pongfwu,  or  Piscadores,  a  cluster  of  islands  in 
the  channel  of  Formosa,  between  23°  10'  and  23° 
10'  N.  lat.  and  the  westernmost  in  119°  27'  E. 
lon. 

Pongiraho,  small  r.  Louisiana,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Maurepas,  10  m.  W.  Madisonville. 

Pons,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  15  m.  S. 
iBaintes.     Pop.  3,900. 

Pons,  or  Copons,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the 
river  Scgre,  42  m.  N.  by  W.  Tarragona. 

Ponfa  Delgada,  s-p.  and  cap.  of  St.  Michael's, 
one  of  the  Azores.     Pop,  8,000. 

Poniac,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  15  m.  S. 
S.  Pau.     Pop.  2,300. 

Pontaillier,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  on  the  Sa- 
Dne,  20  m.  E.  Dijon.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pont  a  Mousson,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  on  the 
IVloselle,  18  m.  S.  by  W.  Metz.    Pop.  6,800. 

Pontarlier,  t,  FVance,  on  the  Doubs,  not  far  from 
Mount  Jura,     Being  one  of  the  most  convement 


passes  to  Switzerland,  it  is  guarded  by  a  castle,  sit- 
uated on  an  almost  inaccessible  rock.  40  m.  S.  E. 
Besancon.     Pop.  3,900. 

Pontassieve,  t.  Tuscany,  10  m.  E.  Florence. 
Pop.  900. 

Pont  Audemeer,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  25  m.  W.  by 
S.  Rouen.     Pop.  5,200. 

Pontaumur  Landogne,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de 
Dome,  20  m.  W.  N.  W.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pontcharra,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Chamberry.     Pop.  2,800. 

Ponlchartrain,  t.  France,  9  m.  W.  Versailles. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Ponlchartrain,  lake,  Louisiana,  about  35  miles 
long  from  E.  to  W.  and  25  broad,  and  generally 
from  13  to  20  feet  deep.  It  communicates  with 
LakeBorgne  on  the  S.  E.,  with  Lake  Maurepas  on 
the  N,  W.  and  with  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  by 
Bayou  St,  John,  on  the  S. 

Pont  Chateau,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  28 
m.  N.  W.  Nantes,     Pop.  2,700, 

Pont  Croix,  t,  France,  in  Finisterre,  17  m.  N.W. 
Quimper.     Pop,  1,100. 

Pont  de  Beau  Voisin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  divi. 
ded  into  two  parts,  the  one  belonging  to  the  Sar- 
dinian States,  the  other  to  France,  45  m,  E.  Ly- 
ons.    Pop,  2,600. 

Pont  de  Ce,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  3  m.  S.  by 
E.  Angers.     Pop.  3,000. 

Pont  de  VAin,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  12  m.  S.  by  E. 
Bourg.    Pop.  1,200. 

Pont  de  VArche,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Eure,  12  m.  S.  Rouen.      Pop.  1,500. 

Pont  de  Monlevert,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  9  m.  E. 
by  N.  Florae.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pont  de  Remy,  t.  France  on  the  Somme,  20  m . 
W.  Amiens. 

Pont  de  Sorgues,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  6  m, 
N.  E.  Avignon.     Pop.  1,300. 

Po7it  de  Vaux,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  9  m.  S.  Ma- 
con.    Pop.  2,800. 

Pont  de  Veyle,  t.  France,  in  Burgundy,  on  the 
Veyle,  6  m,  S.  E,  Macon,     Pop,  1,400, 

Pont  du  Chateau,  t,  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome, 
on  the  AUier,  7  m.  E,  Clermont,     Pop,  2,900. 

Pont  du  Gard.     See  Gard,  Pont  du. 

Ponte,  i.  Piedmont,  13  m.  W.  S.  W,  I  vera.  Pop. 
3,600. 

Ponle-con-o,  t.  Italv,  in  the  States  of  the  Church. 
50  m,  N.  W,  Naples,'  60  E.  S,  E.  Rome.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  5,200. 

Ponte  de  Barca,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Duero  e 
Minho,  9  m.N.  Braga. 

Ponte  de  Lima,  t.  Portugqil  in  Entre  Duero  e 
Minho,  41  m.  N.  Oporto.    Pop.  2,000. 

Ponte  de  Massinesso,  t,  Italy,  in  the  duchy  ol 
Parma,  28  m,  W.  Parma. 

Ponte  d'Era,  t.  Tuscany,  16  m.  E.  N.  E,  Leg- 
horn.   Pop,  3,000. 

Pont  en  Royans,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  22  m,  S.W 
Grenoble.     Pop,  1,300. 

Pontefract  or  Pomfret,  t,  Eng,  in  Yorkshire,  23 
m.  S,  S,  W.  York,  177  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
1°  18' W.  Lat.  53°  41' N.     Pop.  3,605. 

Ponte  JVura,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Parma,  7 
m.  S.  E.  Piacenza. 

Ponteque,  or  Pontique,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Mexico,  30  m.  N.  E.  Cape  Corrientes. 

Ponte  Stura,  t,  Sardinian  states,  in  Montferrat, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Stura  and  the  Po,  7  m.  W, 
byN.Casale.     Pop.  1,400. 

Ponte-Vedra,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  14  m.  N.  Vi- 
go    Lon.  8°  14' W,  Lat,  42°  34' N,    Pop.  2,000. 


592 


PON 


Pontevico,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  18  m.  S.  Brescia. 
Pop.  4,700. 

Pont  Farcy,  t  France,  in  Calvados,  34  m.  S. 
W.  Caen.     Pop.  1,000. 

Pont  Gibaut,  v.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  12 
m.  W.  by  N.  Clermont.     Pop.  700. 

Pont  Gouin,  t.  France,  on  the  Eure,  17  m.  W. 
Chatres.     Pop.  1,400. 

Ponttac,  t.  and  cap.  Oakland  co.  Michig;an 
Territory,  on  the  river  Huron  of  St.  Clair,  about 
25  miles  above  its  mouth,  and  25  W.  Detroit. 
The  river  is  a  beautiful  stream,  which,  a  few  miles 
above,  issues  from  a  chain  of  small  lakes,  and  at 
Pontiac  is  4  rods  wide.  Here  are  erected  a  saw- 
mill and  a  larg;e  g^rist  mill,  4  stories  high.  The 
town  was  lately  laid  out,  and  as  the  lands  in  this 
Territory  are  now  brought  into  notice,  Pontiac 
has  the  prospect  of  a  rapid  growth. 

Pontian  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, belonging  to  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  and  sit- 
uated opposite  the  coast  of  the  Terra  di  Lavoro. 

Pontiena,  Dutch  settlement  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lon.  109"  30'  E.  Lat.  3°  S. 

Pontine  Marshes,  The,  an  extensive  marshy 
tract  of  Italy,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Campagna  di 
Roma. 

Pontivyy or  Bourbon-la-Ville,  t.  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  30  m.  N.  E.  Lorient.     Pop.  3, 100. 

Pont  VAbbe,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  near  the 
sea,  12  m.  S.  W.  Quimper.     Pop.  3,900. 

Pont  VEveque,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  26  m. 
E.  by  N.  Caen.     Pop.  2,500. 

Pont  le  Voye,  t.  France,  near  the  Loire,  15  m. 
E.  Amboise. "  Pop.  1,200. 

Ponloise,  t.  France,  on  the  Oise,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Paris.    Pop.  5,200. 

Pontons,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  7  m.  N.  E.  Dax. 
Pop.  900. 

Pontop,  V.  Eng.  in  Durham,  11  m.  N.  W.  Dur- 
ham. 

Pontorson,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  12  m.  S. 
W.  Avranches.     Pop.  1,400. 

Pontremoli,  t.  Tuscany,  40  m.  S.  W.  Parma.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  2,500. 

Pontrieux,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  9  m.  N. 
W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pont  St.  Esprit,  t  France,  in  Card,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rhone,  38  m.  N.  E.  Nimes.  Pop.  4, 100. 

Pont  St.  Maixence,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  on  the 
river  Oise,  24  m.  E.  by  S.  Beauvais.     Pop.  2,900. 

Pont  St.  Vincent,  t.  France,  on  the  Moselle,  9 
m.S.  W.  Nancy.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pont  sur  Seine,  t.  France,  in  Aubc,  on  the 
Seine,  28  m.  N.  W.  Troyes.     Pop.  1,000. 

Pont  sur  Sambre,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North, 
on  the  Sambre,  35  m.  S.  E.  Douay.      Pop.  1,000. 

Pont  sur  Vonne,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Yonne, 
30  m.  N.  by  W.  Auxerre.     Pop.  1,400. 

Pont  Vallam,  t.  France,  in  Sarthc,  9  m.  S.  Lc 
Mans.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pontypool,  t.  Eng.  in  Monmouth  co.  on  the 
Avon,  15  m.  S.  W.  Monmouth,  146  W.  by  N. 
London.  Lon.  3°  1'  W.  Lat.  51"  52'  N.  Pop. 
about  2,000. 

Pont  y  Prydd,  v.  Eng.  in  Monmouthshire,  10  m. 
from  Caerphilly. 

Ponza,  or  Pontia,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterrane- 
an, belonging  to  the  Pontian  group,  and  opposite 
to  Cape  Circello.  Its  chief  trade  is  in  salt.  20  m. 
S.  by  W.  Terracina.  Lon.  12°  50'  E.  Lat.  40' 
58'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Ponzone,  t.  Sardinian  States,  in  Montferrat,  20 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Genoa,    Pod.  2,200. 


POP 

Foogxd,  t  Hind,  in  Mooltan,  24  m.  N.  W.  Bika- 
neer. 

Poolange,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  neaj' 
the  coast  of  Borneo.      Lon.  117"  6'  E.  Lat.  3' 
25' N. 
Poolarum.     See  Pularum. 
Poole,  t.  and  seaport,  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire.   Tlie 
harbour  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  English  channel 
for  merchant  ships.     The  principal  business  is  the 
Newfoundland  fishery,  in  which  about  1 40  ship? 
are  emploved.     It  sends  2  members  to  parliament. 
40  m.  W.'S.  W.  Winchester,  105  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  1"  59'  W.  Lat.  50°  43'  N.     Pop.  4,8 16. 
PooWs  store,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
Poolesville,  p-v.  Spartanburg  district,  S.  C. 
Pooley,  hamlet,   Eng.  in  VVestmoreland,  4  m. 
from  Penrith. 

Poolseepore,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  82°  30'  E. 
Lat.  27°  28' N. 

Poonah,  city.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  and  capital  of 
the  Mahratta  chief  called  the  Peshwa.  In  1802, 
a  treaty  of  alliance  was  formed  between  the  Pesh- 
wa and  the  British,  which  lasted  till  1817,  when 
hostilities  commenced  and  the  Peshwa  was  com- 
pelled to  resign  his  office  and  retire  upon  a  pen- 
sion to  Benares.  A  rival  chief  was  then  placed 
u{)on  the  throne,  who  is  under  the  control  of  a 
British  resident.     Lon.  74°  E.  Lat.  18°  30'  N. 

Poonakhn,  t  Hind,  in  Bootan.  Lon.  89"  45'  E. 
Lat.  27°  56'  N. 

Poonamalee,  small  district  and  t.  India,  in  the 
Carnatic,  10  m.  S.  W.  Madrass.  Lon.  80°  20'  E. 
Lat.  13"  S. 

Poonar,  district  and  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon. 
78°13'E.Lat.  20°9'N. 

Poondy,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Circars.  Lon.  84°  27'  E. 
Lat.  18°  40' N. 

Poopooroo,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon.  117"  54'  E.  Lat. 
6"  18'  N. 

Poorbunder,  s-p.  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Gujerat. 
Lon.  69°  SO'  E.  Lat.  21°  37'  N. 

Poor  Knights,  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  174"  42' 
E.  Lat.  35"  30'  S. 

Poomah,  r.  Hind,  which  falls  into  the  Tuptcc, 
20  m.  below  Boorhanpore. 

Poorunder,  or  Poorundah,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in 
Bejapore,  17  m.  from  Poonah.  Lon.  74"  5'  E.  Lat. 
18°  16'  N. 

Pooricah,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80°  44'  E. 
Lat.  26°  28'  N. 

Pooshaiv,  lake,  Hancock  co.  Maine,  9  miles  long 
and  4  broad.  It  communicates  by  an  outlet  15 
miles  long,  with  the  Penobscot,  on  the  W.  side, 
opposite  Marsh  island. 

Pooshkur,  or  Phokur,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer,  with 
a  temple  dedicated  to  Brahma.  4  m.  from  the 
city  of  Ajmeer. 

Poote  des  JVids,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  26  m. 
N.  E.  Mayenne.     Pop.  2,800. 

Pootellam,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ceylon.  Lon. 
79"  51' E.  Lat.  8°  5' N. 

Pootoopootooa,  one  of  the  smaller  Friendly  isl- 
ands, 18  m.  N.  Annamooka. 

Paovaloor,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnalia  Lon.  79° 
15'E.  Lat.  11°6'N. 

Popayan,  a  province  and  government  of  New 
Grenada,  in  S.  America,  bounded  N.  by  the  Lla- 
nos de  Neiva,  W.  by  Choco  and  the  Pacific,  E.  by 
Quixos,  and  S.  by  Atacames. 

Popayan,  cap.  of  the  above  province,  on  an  ex- 
tensive plain,  5,905  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


P  O  R 

iu  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  great  volcanoes  of 
Purace  and  Sotara.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  royal 
mint.  195  m.  S.  S.  W.  Santa  Fe.  Lon.  76°  31'  W. 
Lat.  2°  28'  N.     Pop.  25,000. 

Pope,  CO.  Illinois,  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1818, 
1,975.    Chief  towns,  Golconda  and  Constantia. 

Paper,  r.  Austrian  Poland,  which  falls  into  the 
Vistula  near  Uyscie. 

Poperingen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders, 
26  m.  S.  by  W.  Ostend.     Pop.  9,000. 

Poplar,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  4i  m.  E.  by 
S.  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  London.     Pop.  7,708. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-v.  Newbury  district,  S.  C. 

Poplar  Island,  isl.  in  Chesapeake  bay,  belong- 
ing to  Talbot  CO.  Md.  It  is  about  10  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. 

Poplar  ridge,  p-v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

Poplar  Springs,  p-v.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md.  27 
m.  W.  Baltimore. 

Poplar  Town,  or  Trap,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Md. 

Poplin,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  19  m.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  462. 

Popo,  a  country  on  the  Slave  coast  of  Africa, 
about  24  miles  in  extent. 

Popo,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  50  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.   Lon.  130°  0'  15"  E.     Lat.  19°  14'  S. 

Poppi,  t.  Tuscany,  on  the  Arno,  25  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Florence.     Pop.  1,800. 

Poprad,  V.  Austrian  empire,  which  rises  in  the 
Carpathian  mountains,  passes  by  Kesmark  and 
Deutschendorf,  in  Hungary,  enters  Galicia,  and 
falls  into  the  Dunajetz. 

Porca,  s-p.  India,  in  Travancore.  Lon.  76°  24' 
E.    Lat.  9"  23' N. 

Porchov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  59  ra.  E.  by  S.  Pskov. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Porcho,  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  W. 
of  Potosi.  Pop.  22,000.  Porco,  or  Talavera  de 
Puna,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  67°  56'  W,  lat.  19°  40'  S. 

Porcos,  or  Puercos,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lat.  24°  S. 

Porcuna,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Jaen. 

Porcupine  River,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which 
fells  into  the  Missouri  from  the  N.  It  is  1 12  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth. 

Porcupine  River,  r.  North-west  Territory, 
Trhich  runs  into  Lake  Superior,  in  lon.  88°  W. 
;at.47°N. 

Pordenone,  or  Portenaa,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  24  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Udina.     Pop.  1,800. 

Pore,  San  Joseph  de,  city,  New  Granada,  133 
n,  N.  E.  Santa  Fe,  82  S.  Pamplona.  Lon.  72°  13' 
W.    Lat.  5°  40' N.    Pop.  500. 

Porentrui,  or  Brundrut,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  26 
n.  E.  S,  E.  Bale.     Pop.  2,100. 

Poretschje,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Smolensk©,  40  m. 
^.  N.  W.  Smolensko.     Pop.  2,300. 

Port,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging 
'o  the  Ionian  republic,  20  m.  S.  E.  Cerigo,  30  N. 
E.  Candia. 

Porlock,  or  Portlock,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bristol  channel,  14  m.  N.  by 
W.  Dalverton,  167  W.  London.    Pop.  633. 

Pornic,  s-p.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  on  the 
!iea  coast,  27  m.  W.  by  S.  Nantes.     Pop.  1,000. 

Poro,  small  isl.  among  the  Philippines,  near  the 
W,  coast  of  Leyta.  Lon.  124°  20'  E.  Lat.  10" 
35'  N. 

Poro  Isle,  isL  off  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
33  miles  long,  by  8  broad.    Lon.  29'  15'  E.  Lat. 
2°  12'  S. 
Porofnushir.  the  second  of  the  Kurile  islands,  in 

75 


P  O  R 


o93 


the  Pacific  ocean,  44  miles  long,  and  12  broad. 
Lon.  156°  14' E.    Lat.  51"  38' N. 

Poros,  (an.  Sphceria,)  small  isl.  Greece,  in  the 
gulf  of  Egina,  separated  from  the  coast  of  Argohs 
by  a  very  narrow  channel. 

Porpoise,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  York  co. 
Maine,  7  leagues  N.  by  E.  Cape  Neddock,  and  5 
S.  W.  Wood  island.  Lon.  70°  23'  W.  Lat.  43*^ 
22'  N. 

Porpoise,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia, 
in  the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  71°  50'  W.  Lat. 
52°56'S. 

Porquerolles.     See  Porte  Cross. 

Porrudos,  Rio  de,  or  St.  Lourenco,  r.  Brazil, 
which  falls  into  the  Paraguay,  26  leagues  below 
the  Cuiaba. 

Porselon,  or  Porselouc,  t.  Siam,  on  a  river  which 
flows  into  the  gulf  of  Siam,  Lon.  99°  46' E.  Lat. 
17°  48'  N. 

Port  Addi.    See  Portendick. 

Port  Althorp,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
King  George  the  Third's  archipelago,  between 
Point  Lucan  and  Point  Lavinia.  Lon.  223°  55'  E. 
Lat.  58°  11' N. 

Port  Anna  Maria,  bay  or  harbour  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Sir  Henry  Martin's  island,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  7  m.  W.  Point  Martin.  Lon.  139"  39'  W. 
Lat.  8°  30' S. 

Port  Antonio,  harbour  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica.    Lon.  76"  5'  W.    Lat.  18°  5'  N. 

Port  Bail,  t  France,  in  La  Manche,  20  m.  S. 
Cherbourg.     Pop.  800. 

Port  Barwell,  a  harbour  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  149"  40'  W.    Lat.  59"  40'  N. 

Port  Blanc,  or  Addi,  harbour  in  the  Red  sea, 
on  the  coast  of  Egypt,  25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Cosseir. 

Port  Charles,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand,  6  m.  E.  Cape  Colville. 

Port  Clarke,  harbour  on  the  W.  side  of  Chris- 
tian's sound,  on  the  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  4 
m.  N.  N.  E.  York  Minster. 

Port  Cox,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America, 
60  m.  S.  E.  Nootka  sound. 

Port  Dalrymple,  harbour  on  the  N.  coast  of  Van 
Dieman's  Land. 

Port  Daniel,  harbour  in  Chaleur  bay.  Lon.  65" 
W.   Lat.  48°  10' N. 

Port  Dauphin,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.     Lon.  60°  25' W.   Lat.  46"  20' N, 

Port  Deposit,  p-t.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

Port  Dick,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.   Lon.  209"  45'  E.    Lat.  59"  13'  N. 

Port  Discovery,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  the  gulf  Georgia.  The  entrance  is 
in  lon.  237°  20'  E.  lat.  48°  7'  N. 

Port  Dundas,  v.  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire,  one 
mile  from  Glasgow. 

Port  Egvxont,  a  port  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Falk- 
land's islands.    Lon.  55°  W.  Lat.  51°  27' S. 

Port  Elizabeth.    See  Elisabeth'' s  bay. 

Port  Elisabeth,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  on 
a  branch  of  theTiver  Maurice. 

Port  Essington,  harbour  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on 
the  coast  of  New  Cornwall.  Lon.  230°  12' E.  Lat. 
54°  14'  N. 

Port  Etches,  bay  on  the  S.  W.  of  Hinchinbrook 
island,  at  the  entrance  of  Prince  William's  sound. 
Lon.  213°  56'  E.    Lat.  60°  21'  N. 

Port  Fran^ais,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer-. 
ica.    Lon.  137°  10' W.    Lat.  58°  37' N. 

Pwt  Frederick,  harbour  on  the  N.  side  of  Kin^ 
George  the  Third's  archipelago.  Lon.  224°  40'  K 
Lat.  58°  12' N. 


5H 


P  O  R 


Port  Galeres,  port  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  ol' 
Samos.    Lon.  26"  54' W,    Lat.  37°  44' N. 

Port  Gardner,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of  Whid- 
by's  island,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  47' 
E.   Lat.  48°  2' N. 

Port  Genesee.     See  Charlotte. 
Port  Gibson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clairbome  co.  Mis- 
sissippi, 45  no.  N.  Natchez. 

Port  Glasgow,  p-v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 
Port  Gore,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  150"  20' W.    Lat.  59°  10' N. 

Port  Hannah,  bay  on  the  N.  VV.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, 40  m.  S.  E.  Nootka  sound. 

Port  Haivkesbury,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  entrance  into  the  straits  of  Juan 
de  Fuca.     Lon.  124°  40'  W.    Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

Port  Herbert,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia.    Lon.  64°  55' W.    Lat.  43°  53' N. 

Port  Hood,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Cape  Bre- 
ton.   Lon.  61°  16' W.    Lat.  46°  N. 

Port  Jackson,  a  bay  and  English  settlement  on 
the  E.  coast  of  New  Holland,  9  m.  N.  of  Botany 
Bay.  The  entrance  is  between  two  heads,  which 
are  distant  from  each  other  one  mile  and  three 
quarters.  Lon.  of  Cattle  point,  151°  11'  49"  E. 
Lat  33°  51'  4?'  S. 

Port  Lawrence,  t.  Monroe  co.  Michigan  Terri- 
tory, at  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Erie,  on  Maumee  bay, 
65  m.  S.  Detroit,  148  N.  W.  Columbus.  It  has  a 
good  harbour,  with  sufficient  depth  of  water  for 
vessels  that  navigate  the  lake,  and  it  will  proba- 
bly become  a  place  of  importance. 
Port  Lawrence,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
Port  Louis,  called  during  the  revolution  Port 
^e  la  Liberia,  s-p.  France,  in  Morbihan,  4  m.  S. 
by  E.  L'Orient.  Lon.  3°  21'  14"  E.  Lat.  47°  42' 
47'' N.     Pop.  2,700. 

Port  Louis,  s-p.  capital  of  the  island  of  Mauritius, 
©r  the  Isle  of  France,  in  the  Indian  sea,  once  the 
chief  settlement  of  the  French  in  this  part  of  the 
world,  and  the  rendezvous  of  the  vessels  with 
which  they  infested  the  British  trade.  It  is  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  island.  In  1817,  it  was  almost  en- 
tirely burnt  to  the  ground ;  but  has  since  been  re- 
built.    Lon.  57°  32' E.    Lat.  20°  10' S. 

Port  Louis,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Gaudaloupe.    Lon.  61°  33' W,   Lat.  16°  38' N. 

Port  Macquarrie,  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  152"  53' E.   Lat.  31°  25' S. 

Port  Mahon,  s-p.  of  the  island  of  Minorca.  The 
harbour  has  some  shoals  at  the  entrance,  but  in 
the  inside  is  one  of  the  safest  and  most  convenient 
in  the  Mediterranean,  with  sufficient  depth  and 
extent  to  hold  a  fleet  of  ships  of  war.  Lon.  4°  5' 
E.     Lat.  36°  17' N. 

Port  Maurice,  bay  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Terra 
del  Fuego.     Lon.  66°  15'  W.    Lat.  54°  44'  N. 

Port  Morant,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  76°  2'  W.    Lat.  17°  54'  N. 

Port  Mulgrave,  or  Admiralty  Bay,  harbour  on 
the  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  formetl  by  small  isl- 
ands on  the  E.  side  of  Behring's  Bay,  near  the 
entrance.     Lon.  220°  35'  E.    Lat.  59°  34'  N. 

Port  JSTevile,  bay  in  Johnstone's  straits,  on  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America,  Lon.  234°  E.  Lat  50" 
31' N. 

Port  Orchard,  bay  within  Admiralty  inlet.  Lon. 
237°  36' E.    Lat  47°  39' N. 

Port  Paix,  t  Hispaniola,  on  the  N.  shore.  Lon. 
73°  12'  W.    Lat.  19°  55'  N. 

Port  Palliser,  harbour  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
Kerguelen's  Land.  Lon.  69°  37'  E.  Lat  49° 
3'S. 


P  0  R 

Port  Patrick,  t.  Scotland,  in  Wigtonshirc,  oB 
the  coast  of  the  Irish  sea,  being  the  nearest  point 
of  Great  Britain  to  Ireland.  75  m.  W.  Dumfries. 
Port  Penn,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del.  opposite 
Reedy  island,  50  m.  below  Philadelphia.  See 
Reedy  Island. 

Port  Plate,  harbour  on  the  N.  coast  of  Hispan- 
iola.    Lon.  71°  25' W.    Lat  19°  45' N. 

Port  Praslin,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  New  Geor- 
gia.    Lon.  164°  50'  E.    Lat.  7°  25'  S. 

Port  au  Prince,  s-p.  Hispaniola,  on  the  W. 
coast.  In  1770,  great  part  of  the  town  was  de- 
stroyed by  an  earthquake.  The  situation  is  low 
and  marshy,  and  the  climate  in  consequence  very 
unhealthy.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills,  which  com- 
mand the  town  and  harbour ;  to  the  east  is  the 
nobk  plain  of  Cul  de  Sac,  extending  from  30  to 
40  miles  in  length,  by  9  in  breadth.  Pop.  in  1790, 
15,000.     Lon.  73°  10'  W.   Lat  18°  35'  N. 

Port  Razoir,  a  harbour  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia. 

Port  Republic,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  Va.  on  the 
S.  branch  of  the  Shenandoah. 

Port  Resolution,  harbour  on  the  N.  side  of  Tan- 
na  island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  Lon.  169" 
45' E.   Lat  19°  32' S. 

Port  Roseway,  bay  in  the  S.  E.  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  which  is  the  town  of  Shelburne.  Lon.  65°  13' 
W.    Lat  43"  40' N. 

Port  Royal,  or  Porto  Escondedo,  small  isl.  and 
harbour  in  "the  bay  of  Campeachy,  near  the  coast 
of  Yucatan.     Lon.  92°  36'  W.    Lat.  18°  22'  N. 

Port  Royal,  s-p.  Jeimaica,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
island,  in  which  a  thousand  sail  of  ships  could  an- 
chor with  the  greatest  convenience  and  safety.  It 
once  contained  2,000  houses ;  but,  in  June  1692, 
a  dreadful  earthquake  buried  nine-tenths  of  it 
eight  fathoms  under  water.  They,  however,  re- 
built the  town ;  but,  about  ten  years  after,  it  was 
laid  in  ashes  by  a  terrible  fire,  and  in  1722,  one  of 
the  most  dreadful  hurricanes  ever  known  reduced 
it  a  third  time  to  a  heap  of  rubbish.  Though  once 
a  place  of  the  greatest  wealth  and  importance  in 
the  West  Indies,  it  is  now  reduced  to  three  streets, 
a  few  lanes,  and  about  200  houses.  It  still  con- 
tains, however,  the  royal  navy-yard,  the  navy 
hospital,  and  barracks  for  a  regiment  of  soldiers. 
The  fortifications  are  kept  in  excellent  order,  and 
are  remarkably  strong.  20  m.  S.W.  Kingston. 
Lon.  77°  W.    Lat.  17°  50'  N. 

Port  Royal,  p-t.  Caroline  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Rappahannock.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  about  150  houses.  Rappaliannock 
academy  is  situated  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  town, 
and  has  about  60  students.  22  m.  S.  E.  Frede- 
ricksburg, 80  fr.  Washington. 

Port  Royal,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Tennessee. 
Port  Royal,  t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana,  on  Lough- 
crty's  creek,  7  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Port  Royal,  s-p,  of  Martiuico.  Lon.  61°  9'  W. 
Lat  1 4"  38' N. 

Port  Royal  Island,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  S.  Car- 
olina, about  11  miles  long,  and  1  wide,  on  which 
is  Beaufort. 

Port  St.  Julian,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of  Pat- 
agonia.    Lon.  68°  44' W.   Lat  49°  10' S. 

Port  St.  Marie,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonnc, 
on  the  Garonne,  70  m.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.  Pop. 
3,700. 

Port  St.  Mary\  (in  Spain).  See  Puerto  de 
Santa  Marie. 

Port  Salut,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hispaniola,  1& 
m.  S.W.  LesCayes. 


P  O  R 

Pm  Sandwich,  a  harbour  of  the  island  of  Mal- 
IjcoUo,  in  the  South  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  167°  57' 
E.    Lat.  16°  23'  S. 

Port  Scrivan,  harbour  on  the  coast  of  Darien, 
l^ood  and  secure  when  vessels  are  got  in,  but  with 
a  dang^erous  entrance. 

P  ort  Seitan,  port  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island 
ofSamos.     Lon.  26"  40' E.   Lat.  37"  49' N. 

Port-surSaone,  t.  Franco,  in  Upper  Saone,  6 
tn.  N.  VV.  Vesoul.     Pop.  1,900. 

Port  Snettisham,  harbour  on  the-  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Stephen's  Passag^e,  between  Point 
Styleman,  and  Point  Hanmer. 

Port  Stephens,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  207°  5 1'  W.   Lat.  32°  40'  S. 

Port  Stephens,  harbour  on  the  S.  coast  of  Pitt's 
archipelago,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  230"  21' 
E.    Lat.  33°  28' N. 

Port  Stewart,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  228°  4' E.    Lat.  55°  38' N. 

Port  Susan,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  237°  55'  E. 
Lat.  48°  5'  N. 

Port  Tobacco,  p-t.  and  cap.  Charles  co.  Md.  on 
,i  small  river  of  the  same  name,  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac,  4  miles  below,  at  Thomas's  Point. 
It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  warehouse  for 
the  inspection  of  Tobacco,  and  about  80  houses, 
!n  the  vicinity  are  the  celebrated  cold  waters  of 
Mount  Misery.  52  m.  S.  S.  W.  Annapolis,  34  fr. 
Washington. 

Port  Townshend,  harbour  in  the  gulf  of  Geor- 
gia, on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  237°  31' 
E.    Lat.  48"  3' N. 

Port  Fendre,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  on 
a  large  gulf  of  the  Mediterranean,  20  m.  S,  E. 
Perpignan.     Pop.  2,100. 

Port  Wells,  harbour  of  Prince  William's  sound, 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.     Lat.  60°  59'  N. 

Port  William,  p-t.  and  cap.  Gallatin  co.  Ken- 
tucky, at  the  conflux  of  Kentucky  river  with  the 
Ohio,  37  m.  N.  Frankfort.     Pop.  120. 

Port  Yarroch,  harbour  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
iiide  of  Wigton  bay.  Lon.  4°  24'  W.  Lat.  54° 
49'  N. 

Portacamaro,  t.  Piedmont,  25  m.  E.  S.  E.  Turin. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Portadown,  t.  Ireland,  in  Armagh,  69  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Dublin,  16  N.  Newry. 

Portaferri/,  t.  Ireland,  in  Downco.  at  the  en- 
'rance  of  Strangford  loch,  opposite  Strangford,  80^ 
31.  N.  N.  E.  Dublin. 

Portage,  co.  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Ohio,  on  Cu- 
yahoga river.  Pop.  2,995.  Chief  town,  Ra- 
venna. 

Portage,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  S.  W.  Ra- 
renna. 

Portage,  or  Carrying  River,  r.  Ohio,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Erie,  15  m.  W.  of  Sandusky. 

Portage  des  Sioux,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  6  m.  above  the 
Vlissouri,  24  N.  St.  Louis. 

Portage,  Point,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, forming  the  N.  limit  of  Miramichi  bay. 

Partal  dl  St.  Luis,  t.  Brazil,  in  Coyas,  on  the 
■•iver  Tocantin,  220  m.  N.  N.  E.  Villaboa.  Lat. 
13°  30'  S. 

Portalegre,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  96  m.  E.  by 
JJ.  Lisbon.     Pop.  5,600.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Portaria,  t. Greece,  in  Magnesia,  25  m.  E.Phar- 
lalia,  42  S.  E.  Larissa. 

Portarlington,  t.  Ireland  on  the  river  Barrow, 
partly  in  King's  co,  and  partly  in  Queen's  co.  31 


P  O  R 


595 


m.  N.  Kilkenny,  36  S.  W.  Dublin.    Lon.  7°  13'  W. 
Lat.  53°  9'  N. 

Portchester,  v.  Eng.  in  Southampton  co.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Portsmouth  harbour,  4  m.  N.  of  Ports- 
mouth. 

Porte  Cros,  small  isl.  of  France,  belonging  to 
the  Hieres  group. 

Portel,  t,  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  13  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Mourao.     Pop.  1,800. 

Portendick,  called  by  the  Portuguese  Porto 
d'^Addi,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  the  Sahara, 
120  m.  N.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal.  Lat.  18° 
6'N. 

Porteole,  t.  Austrian  states,  17  m.  S.  by  E. 
Trieste.     Pop.  2,200. 

Porter,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  34  m.  S.  W.  Pans. 
Pop.  292. 

Porter,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Ontario, 
N.  of  Buffalo. 

Porter,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  6  mi 
above  Portsmouth. 

Portete,  harbour  in  the  Carribbean  sea,  oQ 
the  coast  of  Caraccas.  Lon.  71°  16'  W.  Lat. 
12°  N. 

Portete,  s-p.  New  Granada,  6  leagues  E.  Cape 
la  Vela. 

Portezso,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  N.bank  of  the 
lake  of  Lugano,  15  m.  N.  Como. 

Portici,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavoro,  on 
the  sea  side,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Vesuvius.  Be- 
low the  town  of  Portici  lies  buried  the  ancient  city 
of  Herculaneum.    4  m.  E.  of  Naples.    Pop.  5,200. 

Portland  Isle,  isl.  or  rather  peninsula,  Eng.  m 
Dorsetshire,  in  the  English  channel,  opposite 
Weymouth.  It  consists  nearly  of  one  continued 
mass  of  freestone,  of  which  vast  quantities  are  ex- 
ported to  the  metropolis  and  other  places.  Port- 
land castle  is  of  great  strength,  and  completely 
commands  Weymouth  road.  3  m.  S.  Weymouth, 
133  S.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,079. 

Portland,  t.  Frontcnac  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Portland,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  and  capital  of  the  state,  is  on  a  penin- 
sula in  Casco  Bay,  54  m.  N.  N.E.  Portsmouth,  118 
N,  N.  E.  Boston.  The  harbour  is  safe,  easy  of  ac- 
cess, and  seldom  frozen  over,  but  is  not  large,  and 
requires  considerable  fortifications  for  its  protec- 
tion. A  light-house  was  erected  in  1790,  on  a 
point  of  land  called  Portland  Head,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour.  It  is  a  stone  edifice,  72  feet  high. 
The  town  is  defended  by  Forts  Preble  and  Scam- 
mel,  on  opposite  sides  of  the  ship  channel,  and  by 
Fort  Burrows  at  the  east  end  of  the  town.  Port- 
land is  by  far  the  most  considerable  town  of  the 
state  in  population,  wealth,  and  commerce.  It  is 
connected  with  an  extensive  and  growing  back 
country,  and  exports  lumber,  beef,  and  fish  in  large 
quantities.  In  1815,  it  was  the  eighth  town  iu  the 
U.  States  in  amount  of  shipping,  the  number  of 
tons  being  30,411.  Portland  contains  an  elegant 
court-house,  an  alms-house,  2  banks,  an  insurance 
office,  and  8  houses  for  public  worship,  3  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  2  for  Baptists,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Friends.  The  town 
was  formerly  included  in  Falmouth,  and  in  1775, 
the  principiil  part  of  it  was  burnt  by  the  British. 
Pop.  in  1810,  7,169;  in  1820,  8,531. 

Portland,  p-t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Erie, 
9  m.  from  the  head  of  Chatauque  lake. 

Portland,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  im- 
mediately below  Louisville.  It  was  laid  out  partly 
in  1814,  and  partly  in  1817. 

Portland  Islands,  small  islandiWn  the  E.  Indian 


596 


P  O  R 


ocean,  W.  of  New  Hanover.    Lon.  147"  18'  45"  E. 
Lat.  2°  36'  S. 

Portland  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand.     Lon.  178°  12'  E.    Lat.  39°  25'  S. 

Portland  Island,  one  of  the  Queen  Charlotte's 
islands.    Lon.  164"  15'  E.    Lat.  10°  43'  S. 

Portland  Canal,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.  Lon.  of  its  entrance,  229°  42'  E.  Lat. 
54°  42'  N. 

Portland  Creek,  small  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Newfoundland,  25  m.  S.  Pont  Rich. 

Portland  Kay,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, 2  m.  E.  Portland  Point. 

Portland  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  76°  57'  W.    Lat.  17°  44'  N. 

Portland  Point,  cape  in  Hudson's  bay.  Lon. 
78°20'W.    Lat.  58°  50' N. 

Portlock.     See  Porlock. 

PortlocWs  Harbour,  inlet  on  the  W.  side  of  King 
George  the  Third's  archipelago.  Lon.  224°  E. 
Lat.  57"  44' N. 

Pdrllogo,  s-p.  W.  Africa,  in  Sierra  Leone.  Lon. 
12°36°W.   Lat.  8°  40' N. 

Portnevf,  barony,  Hampshire  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  S.  W.  Quebec. 

Portnevf,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  falls  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  35  m.  above  Que- 
bec. 

Porto,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Tiber.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
10  m.  S.  W.  Rome.  Lon.  12°  14'  25"  E.  Lat.  41° 
46'  44"  N. 

Porto,  L  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adige,  opposite 
to  Legnago. 

Porto  Bella,  v.  Scotland,  on  the  frith  of  Forth, 
2  m.  S.  E.  Edinburgh. 

Porto  Bella,  a  noted  seaport  of  South  America, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  with  an 
excellent  harbour.  The  climate  of  this  city  is  bad 
in  the  extreme.  The  population  is  inconsidera- 
ble, being  chiefly  negroes  and  mulattoes,  with 
about  thirty  white  families.  65  ra.  N.  Panama, 
238  W.  S.  W.  Carthagena.  Lon.  79°  26'  W.  Lat. 
10°  27'  N. 

Porto  Bvfaleto,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Liven- 
za,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Treviso.     Pop.  1,600. 

Portu  Cahello.     See  Cabello. 

Porto  de  Cam,  fort  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal, 
6  m.  N.  N.  W.  Viana. 

Porto  Delphino.    See  Cerigo. 

Porto  Ercole,  t.  Tuscany,  30  m,  N.  W.  Civita 
Vecchia. 

Porto  Farina,  s-p.  Tunis.  Lon.  10*  16'  E.  Lat. 
36°  30'  N. 

Porto  Ferrajo,  the  chief  place  of  the  island  of 
Elba,  situated  towards  the  W.  coast  of  the  island, 
on  a  lofty  point  of  land  projecting  into  a  bay.  It 
is  a  Ftrong  place,  and  its  harbour  is  commodious 
and  secure.  It  has  acquired  notoriety  of  late 
years,  as  the  residence  of  Bonaparte,  from  4th 
May  1814,  to  26th  February  1815,  when  he  sailed 
on  his  expedition  to  France.  Lon.  10°  19'  E.  Lat. 
42°49'N.     I'op.3,0(m 

Porto  Fino,  t.  Sardinian  states,  6  m.  W.  Chia- 
rar-,  J2S.  E.  Genoa. 

Porto  Greco,  t.  Naples,  on  the  coast,  16  m.  N.W. 
Maifrevionia. 

Porto  di  Lagoscuro,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  on  the  Po,  3  m.  N.  Ferrara. 

Porto  Longone,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Elba,  4  m.  S.  E.  Porto  Ferrajo.     Pop.  1,500. 

Porto  Madera^barhouT  on  the  E.  coast  of  St. 
Jago,  one  of  the  f5ape  de  Verd  islands. 


P  O  R 

Porto  Maggiore,  t.  Italy,  in  Ferrara,  on  the  Ad- 
riatic, 25  m.  N.  E.  Bologna. 

Porto  Marin,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  both  sides 
the  river  Minho,  45  m.  E.  St.  Jago. 

Porto  Mauricia,  t.  Sardinian  states,  56  m.  S.W. 
Genoa.     Lon.  8°  3' E.    Lat.  43°  55' N.    Pop.  3,000. 

Porto  de  Js'aos,  harbour  on  the  S.  coast  of  Lan- 
cerota,  one  of  the  Canary  islands. 

Porto  JVovo,  s-p.  Benin,  in  W.  Africa,  where  the 
Portuguese  have  a  factory.  Lon.  1°  45'  E.  Lat. 
6°24'N. 

Porto  JVoro,  called  by  the  Hindoos  Parangui- 
pet,  or  Fringypet,  and  by  the  Mussulmans,  Moham- 
ed  Bunder,  s-p.  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  79°  52'  E. 
Lat.  11°30'N. 

Porto  Paradiso,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Rhodes.    Lon.  27°  45'  E.    Lat.  36°  25'  N. 

Porto  Pin,  s-p.  Caramania,  in  A.Turkey.  Lon. 
33°54'E. 

Porto  Praya.     See  Praya. 

Porto  di  Primaro,  s-p.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  at  the  influx  of  the  Primaro  into  the  Ad- 
riatic.    9  m.  N.  Ravenna. 

Porto  del  Principe,  s-p.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Cuba,  300  m.  S.  E.  Havannah. 

Porto  Re,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Adriatic,  4 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Buccari.     Pop.  1,100. 

Porto  Rico,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  belonging  to 
Spain,  60  m.  E.  Hispaniola ;  about  140  miles  long 
from  E.  to  W.  and  36  broad  from  N.  to  S.  It  is 
extremely  fertile,  and  has  a  temperate  climate. 
Lon.  65°  30'  to  67°  45'  W.   Lat.  18°  to  18°  35'  N. 

Porto  Rico,  St.  Juan  de,  cap.  of  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico,  is  on  a  peninsula  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island,  with  a  good  harbour,  defended  by  a  citadel 
and  castle,  populous,  well  built,  and  the  see  of  a 
bishop.     Lon.  66°  20'  W.    Lat.  18°  30'  N. 

Porto  Santo,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  Madeira, 
15  m.  in  circumference.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bour.   Lon.  16°  50'  W.    Lat.  33°  N. 

Porto  de  St.  Pedro,  s-p.  Brazil,  on  the  river 
Iguay.     Lon.  52°  6'  W.    Lat.  31°  55'  S. 

Porto  Scus,  or  Porto  Secco,  t.  Sardinia,  near  the 
Capo  di  Cagliari,  36  m.  W.  Cagliari. 

Poito  Scgvro,  a  province  of  Brazil.  Porto  Segu- 
ro,  the  capital,  is  on  the  sea  coast.  92  m.  S.  Jorge, 
286  N.  N.  E.  Espiritu  Santo.  Lon.  39°  37'  W. 
Lat.  16°  7' S.     Pop.  3,000. 

Porto  Tigani,  port  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Samos.     Lon.  26°  54'  E.    Lat.  37°  44'  N. 

Porto  de  la  Trinidad,  port  on  the  coast  of  New 
Albion,  in  N.  America.  Lon.  236°  6'  E.  Lat.  4 1 " 
3'N. 

Porto  Vecchio,  t.  in  the  island  of  Corsica,  33  m. 
S.  E.  Aiaccio,  70  S.  Bastia.  Lon.  9°  16'  37"  E. 
Lat.  41°  35'  29"  N.     Pop.  1,300. 

Porto  Venere,  s-p.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  gulf 
of  Spezzia,  5  m.  S.  Spezzia.  Lon.  9°  38'  E.  Lat. 
44°  5'  N.     Pop.  700. 

Portodal,  or  Porto  d'.jQlly.    See  Portudal 

Portcgruaro,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Lemene  and  Reghena,  20  m.  W.  by  S.  Pal- 
ma  Nova.     Pop.  4,000.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Pcrlopin,  port  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S . 
W.  side  of  Majorca,  2  m.  S.  Palma. 

Portree,  t.  Scotland,  in  Inverness-shire,  in  the 
island  of  Sky.  Its  harbour  is  capacious,  with  ex- 
cellent anchorage,  and  well  sheltered.  Lon.  6°  7' 
W.    Lat.  57°  24' N. 

Portsburgh,  {Easter  and  Wester,)  two  suburbs 
of  Edinburgh,  in  Scotland. 

Portsmouth,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  and  noted  sea- 
port in  the  English  channcj,  being  the  principal 


P  O  R 

rendezvous  of  the  British  navy.  It  is  situated  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Portsea,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  bay  termed  Portsmouth  harbour,  and  con- 
sists of  the  old  town  of  Portsmouth  included  with- 
in its  fortified  walls,  and  the  new  town  of  Portsea. 
Portsmouth  is  still  the  seat  of  the  civil  and  military 
establishments,  but  Portsea  contains  the  vast  es- 
tablishments of  the  dock-yards.  Portsmouth  har- 
bour excels  decidedly  every  other  in  Great  Bri- 
tain for  its  capaciousness,  depth,  and  security. 
The  largest  ships  may  ride  in  it  with  safety  in  the 
most  violent  storms,  and  without  touching  the 
ground  even  at  the  lowest  ebb.  It  is  also  capa- 
ble, from  its  extent,  of  containing  almost  the  whole 
navy  of  England.  Another  capital  advantage  of 
this  harbour,  is  the  neighbourhood  of  the  famous 
roadstead  of  Spithead,  between  Portsmouth  and 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  which  is  so  spacious,  that  it  can 
contain  1000  sail  of  vessels  in  the  greatest  security. 
The  fortifications  of  the  town  are  deemed  impreg- 
nable, and  form,  on  the  whole,  the  most  regular 
and  complete  fortress  in  Great  Britain.  Ports- 
mouth dock-yard  being  the  grand  naval  arsenal  of 
England,  and  the  general  rendezvous  of  the  Brit- 
ish fleet,  is  by  far  the  largest  in  the  kingdom,  and 
every  attention  has  been  paid  to  its  extension  and 
improvement.  During  the  war,  upwards  of  4,000 
working  men  were  employed  in  it,  of  whom  1,500 
were  ship-wrights  and  caulkers.  Pop.  of  Ports- 
mouth in  1811,  7,103 ;  of  Portsea,  31,365.  Total 
of  the  town  and  suburbs,  40,567.  72  m.  S.  W. 
London.     Lon.  F6'W.    Lat.  50"  47' N. 

Porlsmouih,  the  largest  town  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  its  only  seaport,  stands  on  the  S.  side  of 
Piscataqua  river,  about  two  miles  from  the  sea. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  alms-house,  female 
asylum,  athenaeum,  academy,  two  market-houses, 
5  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  bank,  sev- 
eral insurance  offices,  and  8  religious  societies,  3 
of  CongrcgationaJists,  1  of  Episcopalians,  1  of  Bap- 
tists, 1  of  Methodists,  1  of  Universalists,  and  1  of 
Sandemanians.  This  town  has  suffered  severely 
from  fire.  In  Dec.  1802,  120  buildings  were  de- 
stroyed; in  Dec.  1806,  20,  including  St.  John's 
church;  and  in  Dec.  1813,  the  fire  swept  over  15 
acres,  and  destroyed  173  buildings.  The  parts 
destroyed  have  since  been  rebuilt,  and  the  appear- 
ance of  the  town  has  been  much  improved. 

The  harbour  of  Portsmouth  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  landlocked  on  every  side, 
and  perfectly  safe,  of  sufficient  depth  for  the  larg- 
est vessels  at  all  times  of  the  tide,  and,  owing  to 
the  rapidity  of  the  current,  is  never  frozen.  The 
main  entrance  between  the  N.  side  of  Great  Isl- 
and and  the  Kittery  shore,  is  about  a  mile  wide, 
and  9  or  10  fathoms  deep,  and  is  well  defended  by 
Fort  Constitution  and  Fort  M'Clary.  The  other 
entrance,  on  the  S.  side  of  Great  Island  is  called 
Little  Harbour,  and  the  water  here  is  shallow. 
The  harbour  consists  of  two  parts :  the  outer  har- 
bour is  easy  of  access  at  all  seasons  of  the  year ; 
but,  owing  to  a  very  rapid  tide  in  the  narrows,  a 
large  vessel  cannot  get  to  the  inner  harbour,  ex- 
cept with  a  fair  wind ;  and,  for  the  same  reason, 
but  few  vessels  can  be  safely  moored  there.  There 
is  an  island  in  the  inner  harbour,  opposite  the 
town,  on  which  is  a  United  States'  navy  yard, 
containing  good  timber  docks,  and  all  the  con- 
veniences for  building  ships  of  the  largest  class. 
Several  ships  of  the  line  have  been  built  here. 
Portsmouth  is  well  situated  for  trade.  The 
amount  of  shipping  owned  here  in  1315,  was 
30,411  tons.  Pop.  6,934.  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  New- 
buryport;  56  N.  by  E,  Boston;  45  E.  S.  E.  Con- 


P  O  R 


59t 


cord ;  54  S.  S.  W.  Portland.  Lat.  43'  5'  N.  Lon. 
70"  45'  W. 

Portsmouth,  p-t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on  the  N. 
end  of  Rhode  Island,  7  m.  N.  W.  Newport.  Pop. 
1,795.     Here  is  a  coal  mine. 

Portsmouth,  a  pleasant,  flourishing,  and  regu- 
larly built  t.  in  Norfolk  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  W,  side 
of  Elizabeth  river,  opposite  Norfolk,  one  mile  dis- 
tant from  it.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and 
four  churches,  1  each  for  Episcopalians,  Baptists, 
Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics.  The  courts 
for  the  county  are  held  here. 

Portsmouth,  s-p.  Carteret  co.  N.  Carolina,  on 
the  N.  end  of  Core-bank,  near  Ocrecoke  inlet, 
chiefly  inhabited  by  fishermen  and  pilots. 

Portsmouth,  p-t.  and  cap  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  OQ 
Scioto  river,  at  its  junction  with  the  Ohio,  45  m. 
S.  ChilUcothe,  90  S.  Columbus.  It  is  well  situa- 
ted for  trade,  and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  and 
bank. 

Portsoy,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Banffshire,  on  a  point 
of  land  projecting  into  the  Moray  frith,  which 
forms  a  safe  harbour.  5i  m.  E.  Cullen,  7i  W. 
Banff,    Lon.  2"  36' VV.    Lat.  57"  38' N. 

Portudal,  s-p.  Baol,  in  W.  Africa,  on  the  Atlan- 
tic, N.  of  the  Gambia.  Lon.  16"  56'  W.  Lat.  14" 
36' N. 

Portugal,  kingdom,  Europe,  bounded  by  Spain 
and  the  Atlantic,  extends  from  36°  56'  la  42°  7' 
N.  lat.  and  from  T  34'  to  9"  30'  W.  lon.  Its  form 
is  oblong;  its  length  from  N.  to  S.  350  miles;  its 
average  breadth  about  120.  The  following  was 
the  estimate  of  the  extent  and  population  in  1802 : 

Provinces.  Sq,  miles.  Pop. 

Entre  Douro  Minho,  3,490  907,565 

Tras  los  Montes,  5,450  318,605 

Beira  (central),  8,725  1,121,595 

Estramadura,  9,855  826,680 

Alentejo,  10,575  380,480 

Algarva,  2,780  127,615 

40,875        3,683,000 

Several  of  the  great  mountain  chains  of  Spain 
penetrate  into  this  country,  intersect  it  from  east 
to  west,  and  terminate  in  large  promontories  in  the 
Atlantic.  The  climate  in  Portugal  is  in  gencfral 
more  mild  and  pleasant  than  in  Spain.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  soil  of  Portugal  arc  very  varied,  from 
the  great  variety  of  elevation.  Wheat,  barley, 
oats,  flax,  hemp,  are  raised  in  the  high  grounds ; 
vines  and  maize  in  those  of  warmer  temperature ; 
and  rice  in  the  iow  grounds.  The  chief  fruits  are 
olives,  oranges,  and  lemons.  Silk  is  made  of  very 
good  quality.  For  a  long  time  past,  the  import 
and  export  trade  has  been  managed  chiefly  by 
foreign  merchants,  particularly  British,  settled  at 
Lisbon  and  Oporto.  The  exports  consist  almost 
entirely  of  raw  produce,  viz.  wine,  salt,  and  wool. 
Of  wine,  the  average  value  exported  is  nearly 
2,000,000/. ;  of  salt,  fully  300,000/. ;  of  wool,  be- 
low 100,000/.  The  imports  are  very  various,  viz. 
corn,  flour,  fish,  woollens,  linen,  cotton,  lace, 
hardware,  hats,  shoes,  stockings,  and  manufac- 
tures of  almost  every  kind  The  religion  of  Por- 
tugal is  the  Roman  Catholic.  There  are  two  uni- 
versities, one  at  Coimbra,  and  the  other  at  Evora. 
The  revenue  in  Portugal  and  Brazil,  is  between 
3,000,000/.  and  4,000,000/.  sterling;  the  public 
debt,  12,000,000/.  The  naval  force  does  not  ex- 
ceed 15  or  18  frigates.  Portugal  has,  like  Spain, 
its  Cortez  or  representative  body,  but  they  were 
not  assembled  for  more  than  100  years  previous  to 
the  late  revolution.    On  the  removal  of  the  royal 


P  o  s 


P  O  T 


family  to  Rio  Janeiro,  the  two  councils  of  state  at- 
tended them,  and  the  king  was  represented  at  Lis- 
bon by  a  regency,  the  councils  by  committees. 

Portugakle,  t.  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Biscay,  15 
m.  N.  W.  Bilbao.  Lon.  2"  54'  W.  Lat.  43"  20  N. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Portuguezay  r.  S.  America,  in  Veneznela,  which 
runs  into  the  A  pure. 

Porzics,  or  Poritschen,  t.  Bohemia,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Pilsen.     Top.  80O. 

Poschethon,  or  Possechon,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Ja- 
roslav,  73  m.  N.  N.  W.  Jaroslav.     Pop.  1,700. 

Poschega,  palatinate  of  Sclavonia,  lying  be- 
tween the  Save  and  the  Drave.  Extent,  954  sq. 
miles.     Pop,  67,000. 

Poschega,  chief  place  of  the  above  palatinate,  is 
on  the  river  Orlova,  11  m.  E.  Gradisca,  160  S.  by 
W.  Buda.  Lon.  18°  E.  Lat.  45°  20'  N.  Pop.' 
4,100. 

Poschiavo,  t.  Switz.  in  the  Grison  country,  17 
m.W.S.W.  Bormio. 

Posen,  Grand  Duchy  of,  a  province  of  the  Prus- 
sian states,  comprising  that  part  of  Poland  which 
■was  restored  to  Prussia  by  the  treaty  of  Vienna  in 
1815.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  new  state 
called  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  and  on  the  S.  and 
W.  by  Silesia  and  Brandenburg.  It  lies  between 
lat.  51°  10'  and  53°  32'  N.  and  contains  about 
12,000  sq.  miles,  and  a  population  of  from  800,000 
to  900,000.  It  is  divided  into  the  governments  of 
Posen  and  Bromburg. 

Posen,  Government  of,  one  of  the  two  govern- 
ments into  which  the  grand  duchy  is  divided. 
Area,  6,900  sq.  miles.     Pop.  545,000. 

Posen,  or  Posnan,  the  capital  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, and  a  bishop's  see,  stands  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Proszna  and  the  Wartha.  It  is  surrounded 
with  a  mound  and  ditch,  and  is  built  with  tolera- 
ble regularity.  144  m.  E.  Berlin,  166  W.  War- 
saw. Lon.  16°  33'  56"  E.  Lat.  54°  22'  39"  N.  Pop. 
20,000. 

Poseritz,  v.  Prussian  states,  in  the  island  of  Ru- 
gen,  11  m.  S.  W.  Bergen.     Pop.  800. 

Posey,  t;o.  Indiana,  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and 
the  Wabash.    Pop.  3,000.    Chief  town.  Harmony. 

Posing  Bazin,  or  Pesojnck,  t.  Hvmgary,  11m. 
N.  N.  E.  Presburg.     Pop.  3,700. 

Positano,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  on  the 
gulf  of  Salerno.     Pop.  4,000. 

Positra,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  69°  17'  E. 
Lat.  22"  23'  N. 

Possagno,  v.  Austrian  Italy,  20  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Treviso. 

Po3sessio7i  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Georgia."    Lon.  37°  18'  W.    Lat.  54°  5'  S. 

Possessioji  Bay,  bay  in  the  straits  of  Magellan, 
on  the  S.  American  shore.  Lon.  69°  39'  W.  Lat. 
52°  20'  S. 

Possession  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
4r40'E.    Lat.  46"  30' S. 

Possession  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  point  of  New 
Holland,  20  m.  N.  York  Cape.  Lon.  218°  21'  W. 
Lat.  10"  33'  S. 

Possession  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A- 
merica,  and  E.  coast  of  Cook's  inlet.  Lon.  209° 
12' E.    Lat.  61°  3' N. 

Posscssio7i  Point,  cape  on  the  3.  W.  coast  *f 
New  Holland.    Lon.  118°  12'  E.    Lat.  35"  2'  S. 

Possneck,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Cobourg,  53  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Leipsic.    Pop.  3,000. 

Po!=ta,  Fort  de,  fort  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal, 
5  m.  N.  Viana. 

Postelberg,  v.  Bohemia,  on  the  Eger,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Saatz,  36  W.  N  W.  Prague.    Fop.  IjOOO. 


Postheny,  Puschtin,  or  Pistian,  t.  Hungafjr^ 
Lon.  18°  8'  35"  E.    Lat.  48°  36'  8"  N. 

Post-hill,  p-v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

Posthorse,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  119°  18' E.    Lat.  6°  N.  ■ 

Postiglione,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra, 
15  m.  VV.  Cangiano.     Pop.  1,900. 

Postillions,  chain  of  rocks  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
about  60  miles  long,  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  Lon. 
119"  18'  to  119"  54'  E.    Lat.  6°  15'  to  6°  48'  S. 

Potatoe  River,  r.  Missouri,  which  falls  into  the 
S.  side  of  Osage. 

Potenza,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  54  m.  S.  E.  Benevento,  73  E. 
Naples. 

Poles,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  30  m.  W.  S.  W.  San- 
tillana. 

Pott,  t.  G  Uriel,  in  the  W.  part  of  Caucasus,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Phasis,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Euxine.  It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
Russians.     80  m.  W.  S.  W.  Cotatis. 

Polaka.     See  Petoka. 

Potomac,  r.  U.  States,  which  rises  in  the  AUe^ 
ghany  mountains,  and  during  its  whole  course  is 
the  boundary  between  Maryland  and  Virginia. 
It  falls  into  Chesapeake  bay  between  Point  Look- 
out and  Smith's  point,  by  a  mouth  7i  miles  wide. 
It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  greatest  burden,  300 
miles,  to  the  city  of  Washington,  3  m.  below  the 
head  of  the  tide.  The  obstructions  to  the  naviga- 
tion above  the  city  of  Washington  are,  1.  Little 
falls,  3  miles  above  the  city,  which  descend  37 
feet,  and  have  been  surmounted  by  a  canal  2^ 
miles  long,  with  three  locks.  2.  Great  falls,  8^ 
miles  further  up,  around  which  is  a  canal,  one 
mile  long,  descending  76  feet  by  5  locks.  3.  Sen- 
eca falls,  6  miles  above,  which  descend  10  feet. 
4.  Shenandoah  falls,  60  miles  further  up,  where 
the  Potomac  breaks  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  5. 
Houre's  falls,  5  miles  above  the  Shenandoah  falls. 
Canals  have  been  dug  around  all  these  falls.  The 
whole  descent  of  the  Potomac,  from  the  mouth  of 
Savage  river  to  Cumberland,  a  distance  of  31 
miles,  is  445  feet;  from  Cumberland  to  the  She- 
nandoah falls,  130  miles,  it  is  490  feet;  at  the 
Shenandoah,  43  feet  in  5i  miles ;  from  the  She- 
nandoah to  Great  falls,  39  feet  in  40  miles  ;  and 
between  the  Great  falls  and  tide  water,  143  feet 
in  12  miles  ;  making  the  whole  descent,  from  the 
mouth  of  Savage  river,  to  tide  water,  1,160  feet 
in  a  distance  of  219  miles. 

Potosi,  formerly  Mine-au-Burlon,  p-t.  and  cap. 
Washington  co.  "Missouri,  60  m.  W.  S.  W.  St. 
Louis,  45  W.  St.  Genevipve.  It  is  in  the  centre 
of  about  40  lead  mines,  which  lie  within  a  circle 
of  20  miles,  and  from  which  there  has  been  made, 
during  18  years,  9,360,000  lbs.  of  lead. 

Potosi,  a  city,  S.  America,  and  cap.  of  a  govern- 
ment of  the  same  name,  in  the  viceroyalty  of  Bue- 
nos Ayres,  celebrated  for  the  richest  silver  mines 
in  the  world.  It  has  a  mint,  six  convents,  two 
nunneries,  a  college,  and  an  hospital :  and  its  in- 
habitants are  still  chiefly  concerned  in  the  work- 
ing of  the  mines,  and  consist  of  whites,  mestizoes, 
and  Indians.  The  celebrated  mines  of  Potosi  are 
in  the  same  mountain  on  which  the  city  is  built. 
This  mountain  is  about  18  miles  in  circumference; 
it  is  of  a  sharp  (conical  figure,  rising  to  the  height 
of  4,360  feet  above  the  plain.  Above  300  mines 
or  pits  are  worked,  but  all  of  them  irregularly. 
Nothing  can  equal  the  ignorance  with  which  the 
mining  is  carried  on.  The  mint  of  Potosi  coined 
in  1790,  299,246  piastres  of  gold,  and  3,293,173  of 
silver,  or  886,620^.  sterling.    From  the  discovery 


P  O  V 

of  the  mines,  in  1545,  till  1803,  they  have^upplied 
1,095,500,000  piasters,  or  237,358,334/.  sterling, 
which  has  paid  the  royal  duties  ;  and  this  only  in- 
cludes silver.  1,617  m.  N.  W.  Buenos  Ayres,  45 
W.  b.  VV.  La  Plata.  Lon.  67°  22'  W.  Lat.  19"  47' 
S.  Pop.  variously  estimated  from  30,000  to 
100,000. 

Potosi,  San  Luis,  a  province  of  New  Spain, 
•which  comprehends  the  whole  of  the  N.  E.  part 
of  the  kingdom.  On  the  S.  it  is  bounded  by  the 
intendancies  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  and  Guanax- 
uato;  on  the  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico;  and  on  the 
W.  by  Zacalecas  and  Durango.  Extent,  more 
than  200,000  sq.  miles.     Pop.  334,000. 

Potosi,  San  I^uis,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  above 
intendancy.  Lon.  100"  41'  W,  Lat.  22°  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Potro,  r.  Quito,  which  falls  into  the  Amazons  on 
the  S.  in  lat.  4"  44'  S. 

Potschinki,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Nischnei-Novgo- 
rod,  1 17  m.  S.  S.  E.  Nischnei-Novgorod.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Potsdam,  a  province  of  the  Prussian  states,  in 
Brandenburg,  comprehending  the  districts  for- 
merly termed  the  Ucker  Mark,  the  fTgirk  of  Pri- 
egnitz,  and  the  greatest  part  of  the  Middle  Mark. 
It  lies  between  Pomerania  and  West  Prussia  on 
the  N.  and  the  province  of  Saxony  on  the  S.  and 
W.  The  city  of  Berlin,  with  a  small  district  ly- 
ing around  it,  forms  a  distinct  government.  Area, 
about  8,000  square  miles.     Pop.  488,000. 

Potsdam,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Havel.  It  is  to 
Berlin,  what  Versailles  is  to  Paris,  having  been, 
since  the  close  of  the  17th  century,  the  occasional 
residence  of  the  court.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wall 
and  ditch.  The  palace,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Havel,  is  a  magnificent  structure.  Pop.  about 
17,000,  exclusive  of  military.  The  palace  of  Sans 
Souci,  the  favourite  retreat  of  Frederick  II.,  is 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  to  the  N.  W.  of  Potsdam. 
15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Berlin,  61  E.  N.  E.  Dresden.  Lon. 
12°  5'  1"  E.  Lat.  52"  24'  43"  N. 

Potsdam,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  90  m.  W. 
Plattsburg,  150  N.  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop.  928.  The 
village  stands  on  Racket  river,  which  has  a  fall 
here,  affording  good  mill  seats. 

Pottendorf,  t.  Austria,  21  m.  S.  Vienna.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Pottenstein,  t.  Austria,  20  m.  S.  S.  W.  Vienna. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Potter,  CO.  in  the  N.  part  of  Pennsylvania.  Pop. 
1,584.     Chief  town,  Cowdersport. 

Potter,  t.  Potter  co.  Pa.     Pop.  29. 

Potter,  t.  Green  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,584. 

Potter's  Mills,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

Potterstown,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  5  m.  E. 
Lebanon,  22  N.  W.  New-Brunswick. 

Pottiesville,  p-v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Pottmes,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Augsburg. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Potion,  or  Potten,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire,  12 
Bi.  E.  Bedford,  48  N.  by  W.  London.  Pop.  1,154. 
.  Potion,  t.  Bedford  and  Richelieu  counties,  Low- 
er Canada,  on  Lake  Memphramagog. 

Pottsgrove,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,571. 

Pottstoivn,  t.  and  borough  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

Potz-JVeusiedel.    See  Laitluifahi. 

Pouance,  t.  France,  in  Msdne-and-Loire,  34  m. 
N.W.  Angers.     Pop.  1,300. 

Poverty  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zeal- 
and, in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Loa.  181°  36'  W.  Lat. 
38"  42'  P. 


P  o  w 


599 


Poughkeepsie,  p-t.  and  cap.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  river,  85  m.  S. 
of  Albany,  75  N.  of  New- York.  Fall  creek,  and 
Wappinger's  creek  pass  through  the  town,  and 
afford  numerous  sites  for  mills  and  manufacto- 
ries. There  are  5  landings  on  the  Hudson,  with 
convenient  store-houses  and  wharves,  and  the 
trade  is  very  extensive.  At  the  village  of  Barne- 
gat,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  township,  lime  is 
made,  which  has  a  high  reputation.  The  village 
of  Poughkeepsie  is  on  a  plain  nearly  one  mile  E. 
of  the  Hudson,  and  contained  in  1812,  an  elegant 
court-house  and  jail,  an  academy,  5  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  2  printing  offices,  and  471  houses  and 
stores.  Many  of  the  old  houses  are  of  stone,  but 
those  recently  built  are  principally  of  wood  or 
brick.  Pop.  of  the  village,  2,981 ;  of  the  town, 
4,670. 

Pougomo,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  At- 
lantic in  lat.  9°  N. 

Pougues,  t.  France,  in  Nievro,  7  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Nevers.     Pop.  1,000. 

Pouillon,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  6  m.  N.  Dax. 
Pop.  2,800. 

Pouilly,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  in  Nievre,  9  m. 
S.  Cosne,  22  N.  by  W.  Nevers.     Pop.  2,400. 

Poujol,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  20  m.  N.  W.  Be- 
ziers.     Pop.  1,000. 

Poule,  Cape,  cape,  Sardinia,  forming  the  W, 
point  or  limit  of  the  gulf  of  Cagliari. 

PouUney,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Poultney  riv- 
er, 37  m.  W.  Windsor.     Pop.  1,904. 

Poulton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Lancaster,  231  N.  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  3,390. 

Poumaron  River,  r.  Dutch  Guiana,  which  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  in  lat.  7°  34'  N.  lon.  58°  47'  W. 

Poundridge,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  E; 
Bedford.     Pop.  1,249. 

Poroa,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  m.  N.  W.  Co- 
imbra. 

Povoa,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  Ta  ■ 
gus,  2  m.  N.  Lisbon. 

Poussan,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  1,300. 

Powally,  t.  India,  in  Tinnevelly.  Lon.  77°  59' 
E.  Lat.  9°  39'  N. 

Poxcanghur,  fort.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  73" 
39'  E.  Lat.  22°  31'  N. 

PoweWs  Key,  small  isl.  among  the  Bahamas;. 
Lon.  77°  30'  W.  Lat.  26°  45'  N. 

PoiveWs  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina, 
at  the  entrance  into  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76°  4 
W.  Lat.  36°  1'  N. 

PoweWs  Point,  cape  of  Virginia,  in  James  riv 
er.  Lon.  76°  24'  W.  Lat.  37°  2'  N. 

Poioeli's  River,  r.  which  rises  from  Powell'.'- 
mountain,  in  Virginia,  passes  into  Tennessee,  and 
joins  Clinch  river  38  m.  N.  E.  Kuoxville.  It  is 
said  to  be  navigable  for  boats  nearly  100  miles. 

Powells  Valley,  valley  between  Powell's  and 
Cumberland  mountains,  80  or  90  miles  long,  and 
from  10  to  18  wide,  nearly  equally  divided  be- 
tween Virginia  and  Tennessee. 

Powelton,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  on  the  Ogee- 
chee,  about  40  m.  above  Louisville,  15  N.  Spar- 
ta. It  has  a  flourishing  academy,  and  two  church- 
es. 

Powhatan,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  James  river, 
E.  by  Chesterfield  co.  S.  by  the  Appomatox,  atsO 
W.  by  Cumberland  CO.  Pop.  3,073.  Fbvps,  5.09r> 
Chief  town,  Scottsville. 

iPowitdsisk.    See  Pudetcih: 


em 


P  R  A 


PRE 


Pownal,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  18  m.  N. 
E.  Portland. 

Pownal,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  6  m.  S.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  1,655. 

PownaVs  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Labra- 
dor. Lon.  61"  15'  W.  Lat.  57"  10'  N. 

Pouow,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in  N.  Hampshire, 
and  runs  into  the  Merrimack  in  Massachusetts, 
between  Salisbury  and  Amesbury.  Near  its  mouth 
it  falls,  in  the  course  of  50  rods,  100  feet.  Many 
mills  are  erected  here,  and  the  scenery  is  uncom- 
monly romantic. 

Poyais,  t.  Mexico,  in  Honduras,  110  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Secklong,  55  S.  Cape  Cameron. 

Poysdorf,  t  Austria,  33  m.  N.  by  E.  Vienna. 
Pop.  3,900. 

Pozon,  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands, 
near  the  W.  coast  of  Leyta.  Lon.  124°  24'  E.  Lat. 
10M3'N. 

Pozzolengo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Verona.     Pop.  2,000. 

Pozzol  Formigaro,  i.  Italy,  2  m.  N.  Novi.  Pop. 
2,400. 

Pozzuoli.     See  Puzzuolo. 

Pracels,  small  islands  in  the  Chinese  sea,  60  m. 
E.  Cochin  China.  Lon.  110"  to  111" E.  Lat.  11" 
40' to  16"  10' N. 

Prachatitz,  t.  Bohemia,  76  m.  S-  by  W.  Prague. 
Pop.  2,300. 

Prachin,  one  of  the  circles  into  which  Bohemia 
is  divided,  in  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  kingdom. 
Area,  1,820  square  miles.  Pop.  210,000.  The 
chief  town  is  Piseck. 

Prada,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  3  m.  S.  Chiavenna. 

Pradelles,t  France,  18  m.S.Le  Puy.  Pop.  1,200. 

Pradci,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  26  m. 
W.  by  S.  Perpignan.     Pop.  2,400. 

Prades,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  22  m.  N.  W. 
Tarragona. 

Prcestoe,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
Zealand,  42  m.  S.  S.  W.  Copenhagen. 

Praga,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vistula,  opposite  War- 
saw, with  which  it  communicates  by  a  bridge  of 
boats. 

Pragge,  i.  Birman  empire,  in  Pegu.  Lat.  17° 
23'  N. 

Prague,  the  capital  of  Bohemia,  is  on  both  sides 
of  the  Moldau,  and  surrounded  by  a  moat  and 
earthen  mound.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  government 
offices  of  Bohemia,  and  of  the  courts  of  justice,  as 
well  as  the  military  head  quarters.  It  is  also  the 
general  rendezvous  of  the  families  of  the  nobility 
and  gentry.  Of  the  population,  computed  at  85,000, 
nearly  7,000  are  Jews,  and  about  5,<>00  strangers. 
The  university  is  the  oldest  in  Germany,  having 
been  founded  in  1348.  The  present  number  of 
professors  is  about  40;  that  of  students  900.  The 
public  library  contains  above  100,000  volumes. 
Linen,  cotton,  and  silk,  are  manufactured  exten- 
sively at  Prague.  144  m.  N,  N.  W.  Vienna,  75 
S.  S.  E.  Dresden.  Lon.  (of  the  observatory)  14°  25' 
10"  E.  Lat.  50°  5'  23"  N. 

Prairie,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  S.  Wooster. 
Pop.  in  1819,  690. 

Prairie  de  laMadelaine.    See  La  Prairie. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  settlement,  North  West  Ter- 
ritory, at  the  confluence  of  the  Ouisconsin  with 
the  Mississippi.  It  is  built  principally  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, about  5  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Ouisconsin.  It  was  originally  settled  by  the  French, 
who  generally  intermarried  with  the  Indians,  and 
the  present  inhabitants,  amounting  to  between  300 
and  400,  are  almost  entirely  of  mixed  blood.    In 


the  spring  and  autumn,  numerous  traders  resori^ 
here,  as  well  as  Indians  of  different  tribes  engaged 
in  the  fur  trade.  Above  the  settlement  stands 
J'ort  Crawford,  which  is  a  strong  fort,  and  well 
garrisoned. 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  t.  Randolph  co.  Illinois,  5  m. 
from  the  Mississippi,  12  N,  Kaskaskia.  Pop.  about 
400, 

Prallsville,  p-v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

Pram  Pram,  s-p.  on  the  Gold  coast  of  Africa,  30 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Accra. 

Praslin,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  9  m.  S.  W.  Bar  sur 
Seine. 

Praslin,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  one  of  the  group 
called  the  Sechelles.  Lon.  55"  47'  E.  Lat. 4°  19'  S. 

Prasomisi,  small  isl.  in  Greece,  near  the  en- 
trance of  the  gulf  of  Salonica,  16  m.  S.  E.  Scopelos. 

Prassoude,  small  isl.  of  Greece,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  gulf  of  Salonica,  3  m.  from  the  coast  of  Mag- 
nesia. 

Prasto,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  16  m.  N.  by  E. 
Misitra. 

Pratas,  islets  in  the  Chinese  sea,  300  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Canton.  Lon.  116"43'E.  Lat.  19"  32'  N. 

Prato,  tfTuscany,  on  the  Bisenzio,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Pistoja,  9  N.  N.  W.  Florence.     Pop.  10,500. 

Prato,  v.  Svvitz.  in  Ticino,  21  m.  S.  by  W.  Lo- 
carno. 

Prato  Vecchio,  t.  Italy,  23  m.  E.  Florence. 

Prats  de  Molo,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees, 
14  m.  W.  S.  W.  Ceret.     Pop.  3,000. 

Prattein  or  Bratieln,  v.  Switz.  near  Bale. 

Pratisburg,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

Prattsrilk,  p-v.  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

Pralz  del  Rey,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  9  m.  N. 
Manresa. 

Pratzen,  v.  Austrian  state?,  in  Moravia,  3  m., 
W.  Austerlitz. 

Prausska,  or  Prasska,  L  Poland,  on  the  Prosna, 
50  m.  S.  by  E.  Kalisch.     Pop.  800. 

Praussnitz,  t.  Prussian  Silesia,  18  m.  N.  Bres- 
lau.  Pop.  1,800. 

Prauszka,  or  Praszka,  t.  Poland,  50  m.  S.  by  E. 
Kalisch.     Pop.  800. 

Pray  a,  s-p.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Tercera, 
one  of  the  Azores.     Pop.  3,000. 

Praya,  t.  Ardra,  on  the  slave  coast  of  Africa,  30 
m.  N.  E.  Grand  Popo. 

Praya,  Porto,  cap.  of  St.  Jago,  one  of  the  Capp 
de  Verd  islands  off  the  coast  of  Africa.  The  bay 
is  of  easy  access,  and  the  anchorage  safe.  A  fort 
placed  on  the  summit  of  a  hill,  commands  the  har- 
bour. It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor-genera' 
of  the  Portuguese  settlements. 

Preble,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop.  in  18. < 
5,335.    Chief  town,  Eaton. 

Preble,  p-t.  Cortlandtco.  N.  Y.  150  m.  W.  A. 
bany.     Pop.  1,080. 

Prechac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  34  m.  S.  S.  L. 
Bourdcaux.     Pop.  2,700. 

Precigne,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  6  m.  S.  Sable, 
14  W.by  N.  La  Fleche.     Pop.  2,100. 

Precopia,  Orkub,  or  Urkup,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  16 
m.  W.  Nissa.  Lon.  21"  20^  E.  Lat.  43"  30'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Precs,  t.  Denmark,  in  Holstein,  9  m.  N.  E.  Kiel. 
Pop.  3,100. 

Predom.     See  Pridemost. 

Pregel,  r.  East  Prussia,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Angerap  and  the  Pissa,  which  falls  into  the 
Frische  Haff,  below  Konigsberg.  Near  that  city 
it  is  above  300  feet  in  width,  and  of  sufficient 
depth  to  admit  large  vessels,  were  they  not  pre-, 
vented  catering  by  a  bar  at  its  mouth. 


PRE 

Preluka,  s-p.  Austrian  states,  in  Istria,  on  the 
.Adriatic,  near  Castua. 

Premefi/,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Nievre,  14  m. 
E.  La  Charite,  17  N.  E.  Nevers.     Pop.  1,300. 

Premislau,     See  Przemysl. 

Prenn,  t.  Poland,  23  m.  E.  N.  E.  Marianpol. 
Lon.  23"  59'  35"  E.  Lat.  53°  37'  23"  N.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Prenzlow,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Ucker,  73 
m.  N.  N.  VV.  Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  56  N.  N.  E. 
Berlin.  Lou.  13°  53'  E.  Lat.  53"  IT  N.  Pop. 
8,000. 

Preparis,  the  most  northern  of  the  Andaman 
islands,  in  the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Lon. 
93°  40'  E.  Lat.  14°  50'  N. 

Prerau,  a  circle  of  Moravia,  bordering  on  Aus- 
trian Silesia.  Area,  1,210  square  miles.  Pop. 
215,000.  Prerau,  the  capital,  is  13  m.  S.  E.  Ol- 
mutz,  140  E.  S.  E.  Prague.     Pop.  2,300. 

Prerau,  Old,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  18  m.  E. 
by  N.  Prague. 

Presall,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5i  m.  N.  by  W. 
Poulton.     Pop.  589. 

Presburg,  or  Posonyi-Varmegye,  a  palatinate  of 
Hungary,  in  the  angle  formed  by  the  March  and 
the  Danube,  at  their  junction.  Area,  1,740  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  2W,000. 

Presburg,  or  Posony,  a  large  t.  Hungary,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Danube,  on  a  hill  of  moderate  ele- 
vation, overlooking  a  vast  plain.  The  Danube, 
here  nearly  half  a  mile  wide,  is  crossed  by  a  flying 
bridge.  The  fortifications  have  been  demolished. 
It  was  here  that  a  treaty  was  concluded  between 
France  and  Austria,  26th  December,  1805.  38 
m.  E.  by  S.  Vienna,  107  W.  xN.  W.  Pesth.  Lon. 
17°  10'  E.  Lat.  48°  8'  N.     Pop.  30,000. 

Prescot,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancaster  co.  8  m.  E.  Liver- 
pool, 198  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  48'  W.  Lat. 
53°  26'  N.  Pop.  3,675. 

Prescolt,  V.  Up.  Canada,  in  Greenville  co.  on 
the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Ogdensburg. 

Presque  Isle.     See  Erie. 

Presfjue  Isle,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Superior,  between  Montreal  and  On- 
tanagon  rivers.     It  is  30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 

Presquis,  Point  de  la,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  Hispaniola.  Lon.  74°  4'  W.  Lat.  19°  52'  N. 

Pressas,  or  Praissas,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Ga- 
ronne,  9  m.  N.  VV.  Agen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Pressath,  t.  Bavaria,  21  m.  N.  Amberg.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Pressigny,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  33  m. 
S.  Tours.     Pop.  1,000. 

Pressnits,  or  Brzeznicze,  t.  Bohemia,  22  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Saatz.     Pop.  2,300. 

Presteigne,  borough  t.  Wales,  in  Radnor  co.  near 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Lug,  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Worces- 
ter. Lon.  2°  59'  W.  Lat.  53°  16'  N.     Pop.  1,114. 

Preston,  v.  Scotland,  in  Haddingtonshire,  8  m. 
E.  Edinburgh. 

Preston,  borough  t.  in  Lancashire,  Eng.  on  the 
Ribble,  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth.  During 
the  last  20  or  30  years  it  has  become  the  seat  of 
very  extensive  manufacturing  establishments,  and 
has  very  rapidly  increased.  In  1790,  the  pop- 
ulation was  generally  estimated  at  6,000 ;  in 
1801, 11,887  ;  in  1811, 17,065  ;  and  in  July  1819, 
21,958.  31  m.  from  Liverpool,  22  S.  Lancaster, 
214  N.  W.  London. 

Preston,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  2  m.  S.  White- 
haven.    Pop.  3,261. 

Pre'.fov^v-i.  ^ew -London  co.  Ct.  on  the E. side 


76 


P  R  I 


601 


of  the  Quiiiebaug,  44  m.  S.  E.  Hartford.    Pop. 
3,284. 

Preston,  L  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  W.  Nor- 
wich, 115  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,008. 

Preston,  co.  Virginia,  formed  in  1818,  of  a  part 
of  Monongalia  county. 

Preston,  p-v.  Harrison  co.  Va. 

Preston-kirk,  v.  Scotland,  in  East  Lothian,  5  m. 
E.  Haddington.     Pop.  500. 

Prcstonpans,  t.  Scotland,  in  Haddingtonshire, 
noted  for  its  salt-works.  Here  sir  John  Cope  was 
defeated  in  1745,  by  the  Highlanders.  8  m.  E. 
Edinburg,  9.i  N.  W.  Haddington.     Pop.  1,964. 

Preston' sburg,  t.  Floyd  co.  Ken.  Here  is  an 
academy,  incorpoi-ated  in  1820. 

Presumscut,  small  r.  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
which  is  fed  by  Sebacook  lake,  and  empties  into 
Casco  bay. 

Pretsch,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Merseburg,  on 
the  Elbe,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Wittenberg.     Pop.  1, 100. 

Prevesa,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Arta.  45  m.  S.  by  W.  Jo- 
annina.  Lon.  20° 46' E.  Lat.39"22'N.  Pop.8,000, 
chiefly  Greeks. 

Prevesa,  Gulf  of.    See  ^ria. 

Preuilly,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  40  m. 
N.  by  E.  Tours.     Pop.  1,700. 

Prewald,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Carniola,  20  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Trieste. 

Prexil,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Jamaica:. 
Lon.  76°  40'  W.  Lat.  18°  27'  N. 

Preye,  or  Prye,  s-p.  of  W.  Africa,  in  Cantore. 

Pres  en  Pail,  t.  France,  14  m.  W.  Alencon^ 
Pop.  2,300. 

Priaman,  t.  Sumatra,  on  the  W.  coast  Lon.  99" 
43'  E.  Lat.  0°  36'  S. 

Pribilina,  v.  Hungary,  28  m.  W.  N.  W.  Kes- 
mark.     Pop.  1,000. 

Price's  Mills,  p-v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Price's  Store,  p-v.  Spartanburg  district,  S.  C. 

Prickly  Pear,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  An- 
tigua. Lon.  61°  30'  W.  Lat.  17°  18'  N. 

Pridemost,  or  Predom,  v.  Prussian  states,  13  in» 
S.  E.  Great  Glogau.     Pop.  900. 

Priebus,  or  Prybus,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Lieg- 
nitz,  15  m.  S.  W.  Sagan.     Pop.  800. 

Priegnitz,  or  the  Vormark,  the  former  name  of 
a  district  of  the  marquisate  of  Brandenburg, 
bounded  by  the  Elbe  on  the  S.  W.  and  by  the 
grand  duchy  of  Mecklenburg  on  the  N.  Its  su- 
perficial extent  is  about  1,300  square  miles;  its 
population  nearly  80,000.  It  is  now  included  in 
the  government  of  Potsdam. 

Priego,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  11  m.  K.  Luce- 
na.     Pop.  2,500. 

Priestholm,  small  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea,  near  the 
N.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Anglesey,  5  m.  N.  'E^. 
Beaumaris,  14  N.  W.  Conway  bay. 

Prieto,  Cape,  cape  in  the  N.  of  Spain,  on  the 
coast  of  Asturias.  Lon.  4°  53' W.  Lat.  43°  38' N. 

Priluki,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Poltava,  on  the  river 
Udai,  80  m.  S.  S.  E.  Czernigov,  128  W.  N.  W. 
Poltava.  Lon.  32°  44' E.  Lat.51°3'N.  Pop.  2,500. 

Primeiras,  small  islands  near  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa.  Lon.  35"  25'  E.  Lat.  17°  45' S. 

Primkenau,  t.  Prussian  states,  14  m.  S.  W.  Great 
Glogau.     Pop.  1,000. 

Primolano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  25  m.  S.  Treat. 

Primorie,  district,  Austrian  Dalmatia.  Pop. 
15,000.     Chief  town,  Macarsca. 

Prince's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  off  the. 
N.  W.  extremity  of  Java,  at  the  distance  of  about 
two  leagues.  Loo,  105°  15'  E.  Lat.  6°  25'  S, 


602 


P  R  I 


Prince's  hland,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  ol  Africa, 
in  the  gulf  of  Benin,  90  miles  in  circumference. 
Lon.7°10'E.  Lat.  rsO'N. 

Princess  Islands,  4  small  islands  in  the  sea  of 
Marmora,  near  the  straits  of  Constantinople,  20 
m.  from  Constantinople. 

Prince  ErnesCs  Sound,  inlet  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America,  which  branches  off  to  the  N.  E. 
from  the  Duke  of  Clarence's  strait,  and  separates 
the  Duke  of  York's  island  on  the  S.  E.  from  the 
continental  shore.     It  is  from  1  to  6  miles  broad. 

Prince  Edward,  co.  Upper  Canada,  is  a  penin- 
sula, with  some  neighbouring  islands,  lying  be- 
tween the  bay  of  Quinti  and  lake  Ontario. 

Prince  Edward,  co.  Va.  Pop.  12,409.  Slaves, 
6,996.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Prince  Edward^  s  Islands.     See  iS^  John's. 

Prince  Frederick,  t.  Calvert  co.  Md.  3  m.  S. 
Huntington,  40  S.  W.  Annapolis. 

Prince  Frederick,  parish,  Georgetown  district, 
S.C. 

Prince  Frederick'' s  Sound,  inlet  of  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America.  Lon,  225"  42' to  227"  20' E.  Lat. 
66"  52' to  57"  12' N. 

Prince  George,  co.  on  the  western  shore  of  Md. 
bounded  N.  E.  by  Anne  Arundell  co.  E.  by  Cal- 
vert CO.  S.  by  Charles  co.  W.  by  the  Potomac, 
and  N.  W.  by  the  district  of  Columbia,  and  Mont- 
gomery co.  Pop.  20,589.  Slaves,  9,189.  Chief 
town,  Upper  Marlborough. 

Prince  George,  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  James 
river.     Pop.  8,050.     Slaves,  4,486. 
•  Prince  Ruperfs  Head,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Dominica.  Lon.  61"  31'  W.  Lat.  15"  42^  N. 

Prince  of  Wales'  Archipelago,  large  isl.  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  110  miles  long  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E. 
and  from  30  to  40  broad.  Lon.  226"  20'  to  228"  26' 
E.  Lat.54"42'to56°21'N. 

Prinze  of  Wales,  Cape,  the  N.  W.  extremity  of 
the  American  continent,  opposite  East  Cape,  on 
the  shore  of  Asia.  Lon.  191"  45'  E.  Lat.  65"  46'  N. 

Prince  of  Wales''  Foreland,  cape  on  the  E.  coast 
<rf  Kerguelen's  Land.  Lon.  72"  22'  E.  Lat.  49" 
39' S. 

Prince  of  Wales''  Foreland,  the  S.  point  of  New 
Caladonia.  Lon.  166°  57'  E.  Lat.  22"  29'  S. 

Prince  of  Wales'  Fori,  fort,  N.  America,  on 
Cliurchill  river,  belonging  to  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company.  Lon.  94"  7'  W.  Lat.  58"  47'  N. 

Prince  of  Wales''  Islands,  islands,  supposed  to 
extend  from  New  Holland  to  New  Guinea. 

Prince  of  Wales''  Island,  isl.  in  Pacific  ocean, 
€0  miles  long.  Lon.  151"  53'  W.  Lat.  15"  S. 

Prince  of  Wales'  Isla7id,  called  also  Pulo  Pinang, 
or  Betel  J^ut  Island,  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  the 
Malay  peninsula,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a 
narrow  strait,  about  two  miles  broad,  which 
forms  the  harbour,  and  affords  excellent  anchor- 
age for  the  largest  ships.  A  small  detachment  of 
English  troops  from  Calcutta,  took  possession  of 
the  island  in  the  name  of  his  majesty,  and  for  the 
use  of  the  East  India  company,  on  the  12th  of  Au- 
gust 1786;  and  it  has  since  rapidly  increased  in 
population  and  importance.  In  1805,  the  inhab- 
itants of  all  descriptions  were  estimated  at  14,000, 
and  have  since  been  increasing.  Here  are  to  be 
seen  Britisli,  Dutch,  Portuguese,  Americans, 
Arabs,  Parsees,  Chinese,  Chulias,  Malays,  Bug- 
gesses,  Birmans,  Siamese,  Javanese,  &c.  kc. 
The  liast  India  Company's  ships  bound  to  China, 
touch  here,  and  load  large  quanties  of  tin,  canes, 
rattans,  sago,  pepper,  betel-nut,  &c.  for  the  Chi- 
na market ;  and  in  this  small  island  now  centres 


P  R  I 

the  whole  trade  of  the  straits  of  Malacca  and  ad' 
jacent  islands.  The  value  of  the  goods  imported 
from  England,  amounted  in  1807,  to  76,000/.;  in 
1810,  to  38,253Z.  The  London  Missionary  Socie- 
ty have  two  missionaries  here.  Lon.  of  the  N.  E. 
point,  100"  19'  E.  Lat.  5"  25'  N. 

Prince  William,  t.  York  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

Prince  William,  co.  Va.  on  the  Potomac.  Pop. 
11,311.     Slaves,  5,220.    Chief  town,  Haymarket, 

Prince  William,  parish,  Beaulbrt district,  S.C. 

Prince  William'' s  Islands,  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Lon.  179"  E.  Lat.  17"  19'  S. 

Pri7ice  William's  Sound,  a  great  inlet  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  on  the  N.  American  coast,  which 
occupies  at  least  a  degree  and  a  half  of  latitude^ 
and  two  of  longitude.  It  requires  the  greatest 
circumspection  to  navigate  it,  on  account  of  the 
rocks  and  shoals.  Lon.  147"  W.  Lat.  20°  to 
61"  N. 

Prince  William  Henry'' s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  about  70  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
149"30'E.  Lat.  1"32'S. 

Princess  Ann,  p-t.  and  cap.  Somerset  co.  Md.  on 
Manokin  creek,  40  m.  S.  Cambridge.  It  is  one  of 
the  best  built  towns  on  the  Eastern  shore  of  Ma- 
ryland. The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  bank,  and  3  churches,  1  for  Presbyteri- 
ans, 1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

Princess  Ann,  co.  Va.  on  Chesapeake  bay  and 
the  Atlantic.  Pop.  4,699.  Slaves,  3,926.  Chief 
town,  Kempsville. 

Princess  Royal's  Harbour,  a  harbour  on  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  New  Holland,  and  W.  part  of  King 
George  the  Third's  sound.  Lon.  1 18°  S'  E.  Lat. 
35"  3'  S. 

Prince  RoyaVs  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  thr 
W.  coast  of  N.  America,  E.  of  Queen  Charlotte' 
islands,  with  a  navigable  channel  between. 

Princeton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  16  m.  N. 
Worcester,  52  W.  by  N.  Boston.  Pop.  1,062. 
Wachusett  mountain  is  in  the  N.  part  of  the  town. 
It  is  2,989  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Princeton,  p-t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  W. 
Schenectady.     Pop.  826. 

Princeton,  p-t.  N.  J.  partly  in  Middlesex  co.  and 
partly  in  Somerset  co.  11  m.  N.  E.  Trenton,  16  S. 
W.  New  Brunswick,  40  N.  E.  Philadelphia,  50  S. 
W.  New-York.  Lat.  40°  22'  N.  Lon.  74"  35'  W. 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  contains  a  College,  a 
Theological  Seminary,  a  brick  Presbyterian 
church,  and  about  100  dwelling  houses. 

The  college  of  New-Jersey  in  this  place  was 
founded  in  1738,  and  has  always  been  one  of  the 
most  respectable  and  flourishing  litereiry  institu- 
tions in  the  country.  In  1820,  it  had  a  president^ 
who  also  instructed  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  the 
Evidences  of  Divine  Revelation,  Moral  Philoso- 
phy, and  Logick ;  a  vice-president,  who  was  also 
professor  of  languages  and  belles  lettres  ;  a  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  and  mechanical  philosophy ; 
a  professor  of  chemistry,  experimental  philosophy, 
and  natural  history;  3  tutors,  and  121  students 
The  college  library  contains  about  8,000  volumes; 
the  philosophical  apparatus  is  complete,  and  in- 
cludes an  elegant  orrery,  constructed  by  Mr.  Rit- 
tenhouse  ;  the  cabinet  of  mineralogy  and  natural 
history  is  valuable.  The  college  edifice  is  styled 
Nassau  Hall,  in  honour  of  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
It  is  of  stone,  is  180  feet  long,  52  broad,  and  4  sto- 
ries high,  and  contains  a  chapel  and  60  rooms  for 
students.  Besides  the  principal  building,  there 
arc  2  wings,  each  60  feet  by  30,  containing  the  li- 


P  R  I 

brary,  lecitation rooms,  &c.  The  wliolc  number 
of  alumni  of  the  college  in  1815,  was  1,423,  of 
whom  1,023  were  then  living.  The  necessary  an- 
nual expenses  of  each  student,  exclusive  of  clothes, 
books,  and  pocket-money,  amount  to  $225.  The 
requisites  for  admission  into  the  freshman  class, 
are  a  knowledge  of  Caesar's  commentaries,  Sallust, 
select  parts  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  Virgil, Cice- 
ro's Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  Graeca  Mi- 
nora, Clarke's  or  Mair's  Introduction  to  the  mak- 
ing of  Latin,  Arithmetic,  English  grammar,  and 
Geography.  The  annual  commencement  is  on 
the  last  Wednesday  of  September.  The  fall  vaca- 
tion begins  the  day  after  commencement,  and  ex- 
pires in  6  weeks.  The  spring  vacation  begins  on 
the  first  Thursday  after  the  second  Tuesday  in 
April,  and  expires  in  4  weeks. 

A  Theological  Seminary  was  established  in  this 
place  m  1812,  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  It  has  2  professors,  one  of 
didactic  and  polemic  Theology,  the  other  of  Eccle- 
siastical history  ;  a  partial  provision  has  also  been 
made  tor  instruction  in  Oriental  and  and  Biblical 
Literature.  The  edifice  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  institution  is  an  elegant  stone  building  150 
feet  by  50,  four  stories  high,  and  containing  rooms 
for  100  students.  The  term  of  study  is  3  years. 
Tuition  and  the  use  of  the  library  are  afforded 
gratis  to  all  the  students,  and  there  are  funds  for 
the  support  of  the  indigent.  The  number  of  stu- 
dents in  1821,  was  73.  During  the  sessions  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
the  General  Synod  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
church  in  the  spring  of  1821,  a  plan  v/as  adopted 
to  effect  a  union  of  the  two  churches  and  of  their 
respective  Theological  Seminaries.  The  library 
of  the  Associate  Reformed  Church's  Theological 
Seminary,  now  established  in  New- York,  and  con- 
sisting of  4,000  valuable  volumes,  (which  cost 
$17,000,)  according  to  this  plan,  is  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  Princeton,  and  the  funds  of  the  two  in- 
stitutions are  also  to  be  united.  Nothing  is  want- 
ing to  complete  the  union  but  the  concurrence  of 
the  Presbyteries  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
church,  of  which  there  is  little  doubt, 

Princeton,  p-t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

Princeton,  p-t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  G  m.  E.  Hamil- 
ton. 

Princeton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Gibson  co.  Indiana,  on 
a  handsome  elevation  4  m.  S.  of  the  river  Potoka, 
28  S.  V'incennes,  28  N.  Evansville  on  the  Ohio. 
In  1818,  it  contained  a  court-house  and  jail,  and 
93  dwelling-houses. 

Principato  Citra,  province  in  the  central  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  having  the  Mediterra- 
nean to  the  W,  Extent,  2,400  square  miles.  Pop. 
about  245,000.     The  capital  is  Salerno. 

Principato  Ultra,  province  of  the  kingdom  of 
Naples.  Extent,  1,800  square  miles.  Pop. 
358,000.     The  chief  town  is  Avellino. 

Pringle,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Ker- 
guelen's  Land.     Lon.  69°  14'  E.  Lat.  48"  48'  S. 

Prinkipo,  the  largest  and  most  eastern  of  the 
Prince's  islands,  a  league  from  the  coast  of  Asia 
Minor.     Lon.  28°  56'  E.  Lat.  40"  51'  N. 

Prionino,  Cape,  promontory  of  Spain,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Galicia.     Lon .  8°  1 5°  W.  Lat.  43'^  28'  N. 

Prior'' s  Leigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  3  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Shiffnal.     Pop.  1,788. 

Prioro,  Cape,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Oalicia.     Lon.  8°  22'  W.  Lat.  43°  34'  15"  N. 

Pripecz.     See  Prsipiec. 

Prisrend,  or  Priirendi.    See  Perse,rin 


PRO 


803 


Pritzerbe,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Braudenburg, 
on  the  Havel,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Brandenburg.  Pop. 
900. 

P ritzier'' s  Harbour,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of  Hud- 
son's straits.     Lon.  67"  10'  W.  Lat.  62°  N. 

Pritzwalk,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
63  m.  N.  W.  Berlin,  14  E.  N.  E.  Perleberg.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Privas,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Ardeche,  on  three  riv- 
ulets near  the  Rhone.  22  m.  S.  W.  Valence,  28 
S.  S.  W.  Tournon.    Pop.  3,000. 

Probolingo,  cap.  of  a  district  of  Java,  now 
occupied  by  the  British  government. 

Probus,  V.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  3  m.  W.  Gram- 
pound.     Pop.  1,163. 

Proby,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of  Howe's  island, 
one  of  Queen  Charlotte's  islands.  Lon.  164°  31' 
W.  Lat.  11°  3  S. 

Probu^s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  175°  51'  W.  Lat.  15°  53'  S. 

Procida,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  coast 
of  Naples,  22  m.  W.  Naples.  Lon.  13°  48'  E.  Lat. 
40°  50'  N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Proctor'' s  Poini,  cape  off  the  S.  coast  of  Antigua. 
Lon.  61°  29' W.  Lat.  17°  8' N. 

Prodano,  (an.  Prote,)  small  isl.  of  Greece,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  16  m.  N.  by  W.  Nava- 
rin.    Lat.  37°  10' N. 

Prodselten,  t.  Bavarian  states,  on  the  Maine,  17 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Aschaffenburg;.     Pop.  800. 

Prokopia.     See  Precopia. 

Prome,  or  Prone,  city  of  the  Birman  empire,  ou 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  in  a  feitile 
plain.  It  carries  on  a  considerable  trade.  Lon. 
95°  E.  Lat  18°  50'  N. 

Proskurow,  or  Proskuirow,  t.  Russian  Polanc^ 
in  Podolia,  45  m.  N.  N.  E.  Caminiec. 

Prospect,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Penobscot,  at  its  entrance  into  Penob- 
scot bay,  15  m.  N.  W.  Castine,  227  N.  E.  Boston 
Pop.  1,300. 

Prospect,  p-t.  Prince  Edward  co  Va. 

Prospect-hill,  p-v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  14  m.  VY. 
Washington. 

Pros})erous,  v.  Ireland,  in  Kildare,  5  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Naas. 

Prossnitz,  or  Prostiegow,  t.  Austrian  States,  in 
Moravia,  9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Olmutz.     Pop.  7,000. 

Prosto,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  S.  Boraiio. 

Proszna,  r.  which  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  Russian  and  Prussian  Poland,  and  falls  into  the 
Wartha  at  Peisern. 

ProteclionlPort,  harbour  at  the  N.  W.  extremi- 
ty of  Prince  of  Wales'  Archipelago.  Lon.  of  the 
entrance,  226°  3.5'  E.  Lat.  56"  20'  N. 

Provence,  formerly  a  province  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France,  bounded  E.  by  Italy,  S.  by  the  Mediterra- 
nean.  It  now  forms  the  departments  of  the  Lower 
Alps,  the  Var,  the  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  and  part 
of  Vaucluse. 

Providen,  small  isl.  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ceylon, 
28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Trincomalee. 

Providence,  JS'ew,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  35 
miles  long  and  9  broad.  It  has  a  good  harbour, 
formed  by  Hog  island  on  the  N.  and  by  the  main- 
land of  New  Providence  on  the  S.  Nassau,  the  prin- 
cipal town,  is  situated  along  the  S.  side  of  the  har- 
bour, and  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  situations 
in  the  W.  Indies.  Considerable  trade  has  been  of 
late  years  carried  on  between  the  Bahama  islands 
and  the  U.  States.  Pop.  in  1803,  1,758  whites, 
817  people  of  colour,  and  2,515  slaves  ;  total, 
5,090.  It  is  between  lon.  77°  10'  and  77°  '38'  W. 
?at.  25°  3'  N. 


60# 


PRO 


p  R  tr 


Providence,  isl.  in  the  W.  part  of  the  Carribe- 
an  sea,  near  the  coast  of  Honduras. 

Providence,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
127°  W  E.  Lat.  4°  2'  N. 

Providence,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  Lon. 
5r46'E.  Lat.  gMO'S. 

Providence,  Cape,  promontory  in  the  straits  of 
Magellan,  on  the  S.  American  shore.  Lon.  75° 
29'  W.  Lat.  52"  58'  S. 

Providence,  Cape,  cape  of  Oonalashka.  Lon. 
166"  10' W  Lat.  54°  5' N. 

Providence,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
78°  E.  Lat,  5°  6'  N. 

Providence,  Great  and  Little,  small  islands  in 

the  Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  135°  53'  E.  Lat.  0°  24'  S. 

Providence,  co.  Rhode-Island,  bounded  N.  and 

E.  by  Massachusett?,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and  W.  by 

Connecticut.     Pop.  30,769. 

Providence,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry.  Providence 
CO.  R.  Island,  the  largest  town  in  the  State,  and 
the  third  in  New-England  in  point  of  population, 
stands  on  Providence  river,  just  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Seekhonk,  35  m.  from  the  ocean,  30  N.  by 
W.  Newport,  59  N.  E.  New-London,  74  E.  Hart- 
ford, 40  S.  S.  W.  Boston.  Lon.  7 1°  10'  W.  Lat.  41° 
51'  N,  Pop.  10,071.  The  town  is  built  on  both 
sides  of  the  river,  and  the  two  parts  are  connected 
by  an  elegant  bridge.  Merchant  ships  of  the  lar- 
gest class  ascend  to  this  place. 

Providence  is  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most 
flourishing  towns  of  its  size  in  the  United  States. 
The  principal  source  of  its  prosperity  is  the  cotton 
manufacture,  which  was  introduced  about  15 
years  ago,  and  has  increased  with  astonishing  ra- 
pidity. There  are  now  more  than  100  cotton  fac- 
tories in  Rhode-Island  and  the  adjacent  parts  of 
Connecticut  and  Massachusetts,  the  business  of 
■which  is  transacted  principally  in  Providence. 
Among  the  manufacturing  establishments  within 
the  town,  are  6  cotton  factories,  2  woollen  facto- 
ries, 3  dye-houses,  5  distilleries,  3  rope-walks,  2 
spermaceti  works,  and  10  jeweller's  shop?,  where 
jewelry  is  manufactured  principally  for  exporta- 
tion. The  commerce  of  the  town  has  increased 
with  its  manufactures.  The  amount  of  shipping 
in  1819,  was  19,000  tons,  of  which  about  5,000 
were  employed  in  the  East-India  trade,  and  5  or 
6,000  in  the  coasting  trade  with  the  southern 
States,  connected  principally  with  the  cotton  bu- 
siness. About  10  vessels  are  constantly  employed 
in  the  exportation  of  cotton  goods.  Packets  ply 
regularly  between  Providence  and  Newport, 
Bristol,  and  Warren. 

The  town  contains  a  court-house,  market-house, 
town-house,  theatre,  jail,  hospital,  7  banks,  in- 
cluding a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  Bank  ;  6  insurance 
companies.  4  printing-offices,  from  3  of  which 
newspapers  are  issued  ;  a  college,  a  public  li- 
brary, 3  academies,  including  the  Friends' 
boarding  school,  and  8  religious  societies,  3  of 
Congregationalists,  2  of  Baptists,  1  of  Episco- 
palians, 1  of  Friends,  and  1  of  Methodists,  Sev- 
eral of  the  churches  are  elegant  edifices.  Ma- 
ny of  the  private  houses  are  handsome.  In  Sep- 
tember 1815,  the  town  suffered  severely  from  a 
tremendous  gale  which  forced  the  water  in  the 
river  many  feet  above  the  highest  tides,  and  delu- 
ged the  town,  destroying  bouses  and  shipping  to 
an  amount  estimated  at  $1,500,000. 

Brown  University  in  this  place  is  one  of  the 
most  flourisliing  and  respectable  literary  institu- 
ticrs  in  the  United  States.  It  was  originally  es- 
tablished at  Warren  in  1764,  and  was  removed  to 
Providence  in  1770.     It  has  a  president,  8  profea- 


sors,  viz.  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy, 
of  law,  of  moral  philosophy  and  metaphysics,  ot 
oratory  and  belles  lettres,  of  anatomy  and  surgery, 
of  materia  medica  and  botany,  of  the  theory  and 
practice  of  physic,  and  ol  chemistry.  In  1819, 
there  were  3  tutors  and  126  students.  The  libra- 
ry contains  more  than  5,000  volumes,  and  the  phi- 
losophical apparatus  is  extensive  and  complete. 
The  college  edifice  is  of  brick,  150  feet  by  46,  four 
stories  high,  containing  48  rooms  for  students,  and 
8  large  rooms  for  public  uses.  Its  site  is  elevated 
and  commands  a  fine  prospect.  The  president 
and  a  majority  of  the  Trustees  are  required  to  be 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  There  is  a  gram- 
mar school  connected  with  the  University,  con» 
taining  usually  about  30  students. 

Providence,  North,  p-t.  Providence  co.  R.  island, 
4  m.  N.  of  Providence.  It  contains  10  cotton  fac- 
tories, 2  furnaces,  1  slitting-mill,  2  anchor  shops, 
and  several  other  manufactories.  The  village  of 
Pawtucket  is  in  this  town.     See  Pawtucket. 

Providence  River,  R.  Island,  is  formed  by  Wa- 
nasquiatucket  and  Moshasuck  which  unite  just 
above  Providence.  It  runs  into  Providence  bay, 
the  northern  arm  of  Narraganset  bay,  and  is  navi- 
gable to  Providence  for  ships  of  900  tons. 

Providence,  i.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  S.  W. 
Saratoga,  34  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,694. 

Providence,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Passaic, 
W.  of  Newark.     Pop.  756. 

Providence,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  689. 

Providence,  p-t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,492. 

Providence,  Lower,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
904. 

Providence,  Nether,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
594. 

Providence,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  Pop 
561. 

Providence,  Upper,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop, 
1,395. 

Providence,  p-t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.C 

Prm-incetown,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  at  the 
extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Race  Point,  60  S.  E.  Boston,  by  water,  116  by 
land.  Its  harbour,  which  is  one  of  the  best  in  the 
State,  o)5ens  to  the  southward,  and  has  dcptWof 
water  for  any  ships.  The  houses  are  one  story 
high,  and  set  on  piles,  that  the  drivins:  sands  may 
pass  under  them,  otherwise  they  would  be  buried. 
The  inhabitants  derive  their  subsistence  from  the 
prosecution  of  the  fisheries,  and  are  dependent  on 
Boston  and  on  the  towns  in  the  vicinity  for  every 
vegetable  production.  They  have  a  few  cows, 
which  pick  a  scanty  subsistence  from  roots  and 
beach  grass.  Pop.  936.  Lat.  42°  3'  N.  Lon.  70° 
9' W. 

Provins,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  42  m. 
W.  by  N.  Troves,  60  S.  E.  Paris.     Pop.  5,500. 

Prudence,  isl.  in  Narraganset  bay,  belonging  to 
Portsmouth,  R.  Island,  6  miles  long.  2  m.  S.  W. 
Bristol. 

Pruna,  Pnnia,  cape  of  the  island  of  Minorca, 
Lon.  4°  17' E.  Lat.  39°  49' N. 

Prunes,  Islands  of,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of 
Madagascar.     Lon.  49°  48'  E.  Lat.  18°  S. 

Prunlifiotcn,  p-t.  Harrison  co.  Va. 

Prussia,  or  the  Prussian  States,  kingdom,  Eu- 
rope, consisting  principally  of  two  territories,  en- 
tirely distinct  and  separate  from  each  other,  one 
lying  in  the  east,  the  other  in  the  west  of  Germa- 
ny. The  eastern  division  is  much  the  largest, 
comprehending  five-sixths  of  the  whole,  and  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  Baltic  ;  E.  by  Russia  ;  S.  by 
the  Austrian  dominions  and  Saxony  ;  W.  by  sev- 


P  R  U 


PUD 


605 


«ral  small  German  States.  The  western  division 
lies  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Rhine,  and  is  boun- 
ded W.  by  the  Netherlands,  and  on  all  other  sides 
by  small  German  States. 

The  extent,    population,    and  revenue  of  the 
provinces,  was  in  1817,  nearly  as  follows  : 

Sq.  miles.  Population.      Revenue. 


East  Prussia, 

West  Prussia, 

Brandenburg, 

Pomerania, 

Silesia, 

Posen, 

Saxony, 

Westphalia, 

Cleves&Berg:,. 

Lower  Rhine, 


15,115 
10,000 
14,939 
12,363 
14,861 
11,251 
8,492 
7,565 
3,638 
6,432 


;70,000 

580,000 
1,200,000 

680,000 
2,100,000 

790,000 
1,180,000 
1,000,000 

930,000 
1,000,000 


£1,150,000 

1,700,000 

1,400,000 
360,000 
760,000 
580,000 

1,050,000 


Total,    1 104,656  10,330,0001      £7,000,000 

The  Swiss  canton  of  Neufchatol  (population 
about  50,000,)  acknowledg;es  also  the  sovereignty 
of  the  house  of  Brandenburg. 

Wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  potatoes  are  generally 
cultivated.  Flax  is  an  object  of  general  culture 
in  Westphalia  and  Silesia.  Silesia  and  Westpha- 
lia have  long  been  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
linens.  Woollens  are  also  made,  more  or  less,  in 
almost  every  town  or  large  village.  Cotton  works 
are  of  recent  introduction,  and  have  been  estab- 
lished near  the  Rhine,  at  Berlin,  at  Erfurt,  at  El- 
berfeld,  and  in  particular  quarters  of  Silesia.  The 
exports  consist  of  linen,  and,  in  a  much  less  de- 
gree, of  woollens  and  hardware,  with  corn,  wool, 
timber,  pitch,  tar,  potash,  lintseed,  tobacco,  and 
wax.  The  chief  trade  takes  place  with  Great 
Britain,  whither  Prussia  sends  her  corn,  and 
takes  in  return  both  manufactures  and  colonial 
goods. 

The  religion  of  the  royal  family  of  Prussia,  and 
of  a  majority  of  the  population,  is  the  Calvinist; 
but  Christians  of  all  denominations  are  tolerated. 
The  relative  number  of  different  creeds  is  as  fol- 
lows :— Calvinists  and  Lutherans,  6,600,000— 
Catholics,  3,600,000— Jews,  75,000— Anabaptists, 
14,000 — Moravian  brethren,  7,000 — Unitarians, 
Pietists,  and  members  of  the  Greek  Church,  4,000. 

The  universities  are  4  in  number,  viz.  Berlin, 
Halle,  Breslau,  Konigsberg. 

The  revenue  amounts  to  about  7,000,000/.;  the 
public  debt  to  abo\it  40,000,000/.  sterling. 

The  army  exceeds  150,000  men,  a  number  far 
too  great  for  the  resources  of  the  country. 

Prussia  had  formerly,  like  all  governments 
founded  by  the  northern  nations,  a  representa- 
tive body,  under  the  name  of  States.  For  many 
years,  however,  the  government  has  been  abso- 
lute, the  sovereign  having  found  means  to  conduct 
the  public  business  without  the  intervention  of 
States.  The  people  are  now  anxiously  waiting 
for  the  re- establishment  of  a  representative  body 
or  parliament,  and  it  is  hard  to  describe  the 
degree  of  disappointment  experienced  by  the 
better  classes  of  society  in  Prussia,  at  the  succes- 
sive delays  and  evasions  of  their  court,  which  as 
yet  (1820)  has  done  little  more  than  new  model 
the  departments  of  the  executive  branch. 

Prussia,  Proper,  a  great  division  of  the  Prus- 
sian dominions,  composed  of  the  provinces  of  East 
and  West  Prussia.  East  Prussia,  or  Ducal  Prus- 
sia, as  it  has  frequently  been  called,  lies  between 
19'  20'  and  24"  15'  E,  Ion.  and  52^'  32'  and  56"  3'  N. 
lat.     It  is  divided  into  the  two  governments  of 


Konigsberg  and  Gumbinnen.  Two  thirds  of  the 
population  are  descendants  of  Swiss,  French,  or 
German  Protestants.  Corn  of  all  kinds,  as  well 
as  flax  and  hemp,  are  largely  cultivated.  West 
Prussia  is  divided  into  the  governments  of  Dantzic 
and  Marienwerder. 

Pruszana,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  53  m.  N.  E. 
Brzesk. 

Pruih,  T.  which  rises  in  the  palatinate  of  Mafw 
marosch,  in  Hungary,  flows  through  the  Buko- 
wine,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  Russian 
and  Turkish  dominions  in  Moldavia,  and  falls  into 
the  Danube  below  Galatz. 

Pruym,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhinej  40  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Prybus.     See  Priebus. 
Przasznitz,  t,  Poland,  55  m.  N.  by  E.  Warsaw. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Przelautsch,  t.  Bohemia,  52  m.  E.  Prague. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Przemysl,  a  circle  of  Austrian  Poland.  Area, 
1,420  square  miles.  Pop.  about  212,000.  Prze- 
mysl, the  chief  town  is  on  the  San,  57  m.  W.  Lem- 
berg,  122  E.  Cracow.     Pop.  7,400. 

Przipiec,  or  Pripecs,  r.  Russian  Poland,  which 
falls  into  the  Dnieper,  40  m.  above  Kiev. 

Przyrow,  t.  Poland,  54  m.  N.  by  W.  Cracow. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Psatho,  s-p.  Greece,  in  Lavadia,  at  the  extrem- 
ity of  the  gulf  of  Lepanto. 

Psiloriti,  (an.  Ida,)  mountain  of  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
the  island  of  Candia,  covered  with  snow  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

Psiol,  r.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Poltava,  which  falls  into 
the  Dnieper. 

Pskov,  a  government  of  Eu.  Russia,  between  Li- 
vonia and  Smolensko.  Extent,  22,000  square 
miles.     Pop.  700,000. 

Pskov,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  and 
the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop,  is  at  the  confluence 
of  the  rivers  Velikaja  and  Pskov.  224  m.  S.  S.  W. 
St.  Petersburg.     Pop.  7,000. 

Plolemais.     See  ./lore. 

Ptolemeta,  t.  on  the  coast  of  Barca,  ancient 
Plolemais.    Lon.  20°  40'  E.  Lat.  32°  30'  N. 

Pubna,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ganges. 
Lon.  89°  12'  E.  Lat.  24°  N. 

Puch  de  Gontaud,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Ga- 
ronne,  14  m.  S.  by  E.  Marmande,  22  N.  W. 
Agen.     Pop.  1,400. 

Puchacay,  province  of  Chili,  bounded  N.  by  Ita- 
ta,  E.  by  Huilquilemu,  S.  by  the  river  Biobio,  and 
W.  bv  the  sea.  It  is  12  leagues  long  from  N.  to 
S.  and  23  from  E.  to  W.     Pop.  13,000. 

Puchmary,  t.  Hind,  in  Kemaon.  Lat.  not  as- 
certained. 

Puckholi,  district.  Hind,  on  the  E.side  of  theln- 
dus.  Puckholi,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  72°  8'  E. 
lat.  33"  46'  N. 

Pucko,  or  Puckrow,  t.  Hungary,  22  m.  N.  by  E. 
Trentschin.     Pop.  3,000. 

Pucoiiloe,  t.  Bengal,  in  Dacca.  Lon.  89°  55'  E. 
Lat.  24°  8'  N. 

Pundar,  r.  Hind,  which  rises  in  Ajmecr,  and 
empties  itself  into  the  gulf  of  Cutch,  30  m.  S.  W. 
Janagur. 

Pudenntz,  or  Powiedzisk,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  16 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Posen.     Pop.  1,100. 

Pudlein,  or  Podolin,  t.  Hungary,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Kesmark.     Pop.  2,100. 

Pudoschn,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Olonetz,  65  m.  E. 
Petrozavodsk.     Pop.  1,100. 


606 


P  U  E 


Pudxey,  t.  Eag.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  E.  Bradford. 
Pop.  4,697. 

Puducotla,  t.  India,  in  Tanjore,  32  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Tanjore.     Lon.  78^  59'  E.  Lat.  10°  20'  N. 

Puebla  de  los  Angeles,  intendancy  of  New  Spain, 
bounded  N.  E.  by  Vera  Cruz,  E.  by  Oaxaca,  S.  by 
the  ocean,  and  W.  by  Mexico.     Pop.  813,300. 

Puebla,  La,  de  los  Angeles,  t.  Mexico,  and  capi- 
tal of  the  intendancy  of  Puebla.  After  Mexico, 
Guanaxuato,  and  the  Havannah,  it  is  the  moit 
considerable  of  the  Spanish  cities  in  the  new- 
continent.  Its  temples  are  sumptuous.  It  was 
formerly  celebrated  for  its  fine  manufactories  of 
delf-ware  and  pots.  It  is  also  famous  for  its  manu- 
factures of  iron  and  steel,  particularly  swords, 
bayonets,  &c.  70  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mexico,  160  W.  N. 
W'.  Vera  Cruz.     Pop.  67,800. 

Puebla  de  la  Barca,  t.  Spain,  in  Alva,  10  m.  S. 
W.  Vittoria. 

Pumte  del  Arcobispo,  i.  Spain,  on  the  Tagus,  58 
m.  W .  S.  W.  Toledo.     Pop.  1,200. 

Puente  de  Don  Gonzalo,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova, 
15  m.  W.  Lucena.     Pop.  4,800. 

Puente  d''Eume,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  8  ra.  N. 
Betanzos. 

Puente  de  la  Reyna,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  2  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Pampeluna. ' 

Puerco,  Rio,  r.  Mexico,  which  joins  the  Rio 
del  Norte,  100  miles  below  the  Presidio  del  Norte. 

Puers,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  W.by  N.  Mechlin, 
12  S.  by  W.  Antwerp.     Pop.  4,000. 

Puerto  de  los  Angelos,  harbour  on  the  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lat.  15"  50'  N. 

Puerto  de  los  Aqi'ila^,  s-p.  Spain,  iu  Murcia,  10 
m.  from  Lorca. 

Puerto  del  Baylio  Bucareli,  bay  on  the  W,  coast 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales'  Archipelago.  Lon.  226** 
12'  to  227°  5'  E.  Lat.  55°  14'  to  55"  40'  N. 

Puerto  de  Bazan,  bay  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales'  Archipelago.  Lon.  227°  16'  E. 
Lat.  54°  49'  N. 

Puerto  de  Cabanas,  harbour  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.     Lon.  83"  6'  W.  Lat.  23'  4'  N. 

Puerto  Cubcllo.     Sec  Cabello,  Porto. 

Puerto  Calvo,  harbour  on  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
Lon.  34°  50'  W.  Lat.  9°  10'  S. 

Puerto  del  Canaveral,  harbour  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Pitt's  Archipelago.  Lon.  230°  16'  E.  Lat.  53° 
32'  N. 

Puerto  de  Calvallos.     See  J\'acho. 

Puerto  Claro,  bay  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the 
coast  of  Darieu.     Lat.  6°  52'  N. 

Puerto  Cordova,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Prince 
William's  sound.     Lon.  214°  13'  E.  Lat.  60°  37'  N. 

Puerto  Cordova  y  Cordova,  bay  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  Ar- 
chipelago. Lon.  227°  28'  to  228°  E.  Lat.  54°  42' 
to  55°  6' N. 

Puerto  Dfseada.     See  Desire.  Port. 

Puerto  Escondido,  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lat.  16°  12'  N. 

Puerto  Falso,  bay  on  the  coast  of  New  Albion. 
Lon.  243°  6'  E.  Lat".  32°  45'  N. 

Puerto  Gravina,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  214° 
45' E.  Lat.  60°  44' N. 

Puerto,  B.eal,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  5  m.  E.  Ca- 
diz. It  is  the  great  depot  of  the  salt  made  in  the 
tanks  that  surround  the  isle  of  Leon  and  bay  of 
Cadiz  on  the  S.  E.  side.  The  annu?d  quantity 
made  is  estimated  at  above  a  million  of  tons,  all 
prepared  by  the  heat  of  the  sun.    Pop.  10,000. 

Puerto  Rerilla  Gigedo,  bay  of  Prince  William's 


P  U  L 

sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  213* 
25'  E.  Lat.  60°  56'  N. 

Puerto,  St.  Martin  del,  city  of  Grenada,  in  St. 
Juan  de  los  Llanos,  30  leagues  from  Santa  Fe. 

Puerto  St.  Pedro,  bay,  Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of 
Rio  Grande.     Lat.  31°  40'  S. 

Puerto  St.  Yago,  s-p.  Mexico,  in  Xalisco,  25  m. 
S.  Purification.      Lon.  105°  46'  W.  Lat.  19°  30'  N. 

Puerto  de  Santa  Maria,  or  St.  Mary''s,  s-p, 
Spain,  in  Seville,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Gua- 
dalete,  5  m.  N.  E.  Cadiz.     Pop.  12,000. 

Puerto  de  Valdes,  inlet  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon.  213" 
56' E.  Lat.  61°  7' N. 

Pugantz,  or  Baka  Banya,  t.  Hungary,  29  m.  E. 
Neutra,  73  E.  N.  E.  Preslsurg.     Pop.  2,400. 

Puget,  t.  France,  in  Var,  18  m.  N.E.  Toulon. 

Pugei  Theniers,  t.  Piedmont,  22 m.  N.  W.  Nice. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Puget,  Cape,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica, forming  the  W.  point,  at  the  entrance  into 
Port  Bainbridge.    Lon.  212°  9i'  E.  Lat.  59°  55'  N. 

Puget'' s  Island,  isl.  about  5  miles  long,  in  Co- 
lumbia river,  24  m.  from  the  mouth. 

Pugefs  Sound,  inlet  S.  of  Admiralty  inlet,  witli- 
in  Georgia's  sound.  Lon.  237°  25'  E.  Lat.  47" 
10'  N. 

Puglia.     See  Apulia. 

Pughtown,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Puika,  or  Poyk,  r.  Austrian  lUyria,  remarkable 
for  the  space  which  it  flows  under  ground. 

Puisceley,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  N.  W.  Gail- 
lac.     Pop.  1,500. 

Puiseaux,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  38  m.  N.  E.  Or- 
leans.    Pop.  1,800. 

Puisserguier,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  9  m.  W. 
Beziers.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pujolis,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  12  m. 
N.  byE.Agen.     Pop.  2,100. 

Pujolis,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  28  m.  E.  Bour- 
deaux.     Pop.  2,000. 

Pularum  Isle,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Banda 
isles.     Lon.  129°  45'  E.  Lat.  5"  35'  N. 

Pulaski,  CO.  Georgia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Oakmul- 
gee  river.  Pop.  2,093,  including  528  slaves. 
Ciiief  town,  Hartford. 

Pulaski,  p-t.  and  cap.  Giles  co.  Tennessee,  on 
Richland  creek.     Fop.  350. 

Pulaski,  CO.  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky.  Pop. 
6,897,  including  468  slaves. 

Pulaski,  CO.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  the  river 
Arkansaw.     Pop.  1,936.     Chief  town,  Cadron. 

Pulaivay,  t.  Poland,  on  the  V^istula,  27  m.  \N . 
N.  W.  Lublin. 

Pullicat,  s-p.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  80° 
25' E.  Lat.  13°26'N. 

Pullumnuire,  t.  India,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon. 
78°50'>E.  Lat.30"10'N. 

Pulnmry,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad.  Lon.  76°  3' 
E.  Lat.  19°  59'  N. 

Pulo  Akat,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  Ceram.  Lon.  131"  3' E.  Lat.  3° 
6'S. 

Pulo  Ampal,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  99°  29'  E.  Lat.  0° 
44'  S. 

Puio'Anam,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  99°  27'  E. 
Lat.  0°  40'  S. 

Pulo  Anna,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
131°  46'  E.  Lat.  4°  38'  N. 

Pulo  Aru,  small  island  in  the  straits  of  Malac- 
ca.    Lon.  100"  24'  E.  Lat.  2°  57'  N. 


P  U  I. 


PUN 


eoi 


Pttlo  Ay,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  a  little 
to  the  W.  of  the  Great  Banda. 

Pulo  Ayer,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra.    Lon.  100°  12'  E.  Lat.  1°  1 1'  S. 

Pulo  Babee,  small  isl.  iu  the  straits  of  Sunda. 
Lon.  106"  10'  E.  Lat.  5°  45'  S. 

Pulo  Bali,  or  Hog  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Niaa.  Lon.  97°  E.  Lat.  1" 
27'  N. 

PtUo  Bally,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  divided  from 
the  island  of  Bachian  by  a  channel  5  miles  M'ide. 
Lon.  about  123°  30'  W.  Lat.  0"  30'  S. 

Pulo  Baniack  Isle,  small  isl.  about  25  miles  in 
circumfierenoe,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  be- 
tween 2°  and  3"  N.  lat. 

Pulo  Butu,  is!,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
about  40  miles  long  and  12  broad.  Lon,  97"  56'  E. 
Lat.0''20'N. 

Palo  Bava,  small  isl.  in  the  Easterasfias,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Nias.  Lon.  97°  18'  E.  Lat.  0° 
52'  N. 

Pulo  Bintango,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra.     Lon.  89°  47'  E.  0"  58'  S. 

Pulo  Brasse,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra.    Lon.  95"  30'  E.  Lat.  5°  39'  N. 

Pulo  Bringen,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra.     Lon.  100°  21'  E.  Lat.  1°  58'  S. 
Pulo  Cannibaz  Isle.     See  JVoesa  Cambas. 
Ptdo,  Cape.     See  Polo,  Cape. 
Pulo  Casse,  isl.  near  the  VV.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  99°  28'  E.  Lat.  0°  20'  S. 

Pulo  Dammer,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  about 
.?0  miles  in  circumference,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Gi- 
lolo.     Lon.  128°  22'  E.  Lat.  0°  58'  S. 

Pvdo  Dalle,  isl.  near  the  VV.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  108°  59' E.  Lat.  0°  8' N. 

Pulo  Doa,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  97°  33'  E.  Lat.  1"  18'  N. 

Pulo  Dun,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.97°E.Lat.2M6'N. 

Pulo  Een,  or  Fish  Island,  isl.  in  the  Eastern 
seas,  oS  the  N.  coast  of  Waygion.  Lon.  130°  37' 
l:.  Lat.  0"  12'  N. 

Pido  Ely,  isl  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  98"  11' E.  Lat.  1°  6' N. 

Pulo  Gasseb,  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Ceram. 
Lon.  131°  13'  E.  Lat.  3°  29'  S. 

Pulo  Gasses,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Oby.     Lon.  128"20'  E.  Lat.  1"  37'  S. 

Pulo  Goere,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
liOn.  97"42'E.  Lat.4°42'N. 

Pulo  Lalang,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malaca.  Lon. 
100°  9' E.  Lat.  2°  25' N. 

Pulo  Laut,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  at  the  S.  en- 
trance of  the  Straits  of  Macassar,  about  100 
Djiles  in  circumference.  Lon.  1 16°  24'  E.  Lat.  3° 
45'  S. 

Pulo  Minlaon.     See  Pulo  Batu. 
Pulo  JVanei/,  isl.  near  tlie  N.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Lon.  95 '  21 'E.  Lat.  5"  18' N. 

Pulo  JViamo,  or  Ausquitto,  island  near  the  W. 
roast  of  Sumatra.     Lon.  99°  45'  E.  I^at.  1°  8'  S. 

Pulo  Kye,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  neAr 
tae  W.  coast  of  Poggy.  Lon.  99°  32'  E.  Lat.  2° 
48'  S. 

Pulo  Panjang,  smajl  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ja- 
va.    Lon.  104°  55'  E.  Lat.  1"  3'  S. 

Ptdo  Penneu,  or  Orange  Island,  small  isl.  near 
tie  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.      Lon.  100°  2'  E.  Lat.  1° 
SB'S, 
i       Pulo  Pinang.     See  Prince  of  Wales''  Island. 
Pulo  Pisang,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas. 
<on.  128°  49'  E.  Lat.  1°  2?  30"  S, 


Pulo  Ron,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  S.  E.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lon.  128"  30'  E.  Lat.  0° 
48' S. 

Pulo  Rondo,  small  islands  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
N.  of  Sumatra.     Lon.  95°  22'  E.  Lat.  5°  45'  N. 

P^do  Roopat,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca,  sepa- 
rated by  a  narrow  channel  from  Sumatra.  Lon. 
101°  9'  E.  Lat.  r  58'  N. 

Pnlo  Sabadda,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra.    Lon.  99°  .53'  E.  Lat.  1°  3'  S. 

Pnlo  Sabuda,  small  isl.  in  tlie  Eastern  seas,  30 
m.  VV.  New  Guinea.  Lon.  131° 48' E.  Lat.  2"35'F. 

Pulo  Salanama,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Mal- 
acca, near  the  N.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon,  98°  51' 
E.Lat.  3°27'N. 

Pulo  Timoan,  isl.  in  tlie  Eastern  seas.  Lor. 
104°  25' E.  Lat.  3°  N, 

Pulo  Timpalis,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malac- 
ra,  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  Lon.  97°  45' 
E.  Lat.  4°  27' N. 

Pulo  Toll,  small  isl,  between  Borneo  aud  Su- 
matra.    Lat.  0"  53'  S. 

Pulo  Troosan,  small  isl.  near  the  VV'.  coast  of  Su 
matra.     Lon.  99"  58'  E.  Lat.  1°  6'  S. 

Pulo  Tullong,  small  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malac- 
ca.    Lon.  100°  33'  E.  Lat.  4°  27'  N. 

Pido  Varella,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca,  20 
m.  off  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  99"  36'  E. 
Lat.  3°  47' xV. 

Pulo  Way,  one  of  the  Spice  islands,  9  m.  VV.  Go- 
rong  Apee.     Lon.  130°  26'  E.  Lat.  4°  9'  S. 

Pulo  Way,  island  about  30  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, near  the  N.  coast  of  Sumatra,  27  m.  N. 
Acheen.     Lon.  95°  33'  E.  Lat.  5°  33'  N. 

Pulsnils,  or  Polsena,  t.  Saxony,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Dresden.     Pop.  1,300. 

Pnltava.     See  PoHava. 

Pultney,  p-t,  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Crooked  lake,  11  m.  N.  Bath,  232  VV.  Albany. 
Pop.  1,038. 

Pv'Uney,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  10 
m.  S.  E.  St.  Clairsville,  9  m.  below  Wheeling,  Va 
Fop.  in  1815,  840. 

Pultneyxille,  p-v.  in  Williamson,  N.  Y.  on  Lakf- 
Ontario. 

Pultusk,  or  Pultovsk,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Narew., 
34  m.  N.  N.  E.  Warsaw.     Pop,  2, 100. 

Pulwell,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  77°  18'  E.  Lai . 
28°11'N. 

Puna,  city,  S.  America,  on  the  borders  of  Lake 
Chucuito  or  Titicaca,  in  the  neighbourhood  ol 
rich  silver  mines,  14  m.  N.  VV.  Chucuito.  Lon. 
70^  26'  VV.  Lat.  16°  20'  S. 

Puna,  isl.  district,  and  city,  S.  America,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Guayaquil.  Lon.  70°  58'  W. 
Lat.  2"  50'  S. 

Punch  Hall,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Md. 

Pwnrfa,  or  Ptmtfty,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon. 
74°  3'  E.  Lat.  51"  20'  N.— There  is  another  place 
of  the  same  name  in  the  Northern  Circars.  Lon. 
84"  40'  E.  Lat.  18°  43'  N. 

Pimderpoor,  or  Pundepore,t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore. 
Lon.  72°  15' E.Lat.  17"  56' N. 

Pundua,  or  Purruahi  t.  Bengal.  Lcn.  88°  9'  E. 
Lat.  25"  9'  N. 

Pumganoor,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Golcondah, 
Lon.  78°  42'  E.  Lat.  13°  19'  N. 

Pungoteague,  p-v.  Accomack  co.  Va. 

Punhela,  t.  Portugal,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Zezere  and  the  Tagus,  8  m.  VV.  N.  W.  Abrantes. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Punitz,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  45  m.  S.  Posen. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Punjab,  or  Five  Rivers,  an  extensiTe  regiou  of 


608 


P  U  T 


P  Y  L 


Hindostan,  in  possession  of  the  Seiks,  principally 
situated  in  Lahore,  but  including  part  of  Moul- 
tan.  The  five  rivers  which  give  name  to  this 
country,  are  the  Sutlege,  the  Beyah,  the  Rauvee, 
the  Chunaub,  and  the  Behut  or  Jhylum. 

Punna.     See  Pannah. 

Punon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t,  Idumea,  between  Petra 
and  Zoar,  famous  for  its  mines. 

Puntadas  Baxas,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Afri- 
ca.    Lat.  5"  32'  N. 

Punla  del  Gada.    See  oPnta  Del_gada. 

Punta  Mcwalonga,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Af- 
rica.    Lat.  17"  S. 

Punta  de  Monte  Seca,  cape,  W.  Africa,  in  Con- 
go, at  the  mouth  of  the  Zaire. 

Punuga,  t.  Hind,  in  Bootan.  Lon.  89"  23^  E. 
Lat.  27"  23' N. 

Purace,  v.  New  Granada,  in  Popayan,  on  a 
great  plain  among  the  Andes,  at  the  height  of 
10,000  feet. 

Purbeck,  Isle  of,  district,  Eng.  in  Dorset  co.  on 
the  English  channel,  nearly  surrounded  by  the  sea 
and  the  river  Frome.  It  has  been  long  famous  for 
its  stone,  which  is  in  great  demand  both  for  buil- 
ding and  paving. 

Purchena,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  77  m.  W.  S.W. 
Carthagena,  73  E.  Granada.    Pop.  3,000. 

Purdie^s  Isles,  islets  off  the  S.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land, opposite  Point  Bell.  Lon.  133"  5'  E.  Lat.  32° 
I6i'  S. 

Purfleet,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the  Thames,  20  m. 
E.  by  S.  London. 

Purmerend,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland, 
11  m.  N.  Amsterdam.     Pop.  2,400. 

Purneah,  district  in  the  N.  W.  of  Bengal.  Pop. 
1,500,000.  Purneah,  the  capital,  is  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Seraw  river.   Lon.  88"  23'  E.  Lat.  25"  45'  N. 

Purysburg,  or  Purrysburg,  t.  Beauibrt  district, 
S.  C.  on  Savannah  river.  It  contains  about  50  hou- 
ses, and  an  Episcopal  church.  20  m.  above  Sa- 
vannah, 94  S.  W.  Charleston. 

Pusa,  or  Poosa,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar. 

Pusambio.     See  Purace. 

Pushaiv.     See  Pooshaw. 

Pustosersk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Archangel.  Lon. 
.51"  14'  E.  Lat.  67"  28'  N. 

Puteoli,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city,  Italy,  8  m.  from  Na- 
ples, 100  S.  Rome. 

Put-in-Bay,  bay  formed  by  the  largest  of  the 
Bass  islands,  near  the  W.  end  of  lake  Erie,  8  m. 
N.  W.  by  N.  Sandusky  bay.  It  has  two  entrances, 
one  from  the  east  and  the  other  from  the  west.  It 
.admits  vessels  of  any  draught,  is  sheltered  from 
every  wind,  and  is  the  finest  harbor,  except  that 
of  Erie,  on  the  Lake.  From  this  bay  Commo- 
dore Perry  sailed  on  the  memorable  10th  Septem- 
ber 1813,  when  he  captured  the  British  fleet.  In 
the  island  is  a  remarkable  cave. 

Putivl,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  on  the  river 
Sem,  120  m.  W.  S.  W.  Kursk.     Pop.  9,000. 

Putnam,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  Wis- 
casset. 

Putnam,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Dutchess  co. 
E.  by  Connecticut,  S.  by  West  Chester  co.  and 
W.  by  the  Hudson.  Pop.  10,293.  Chief  town, 
Carmel. 

Putnam,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Cham- 
plain,  28  m.  N.  Sandyhill.     Pop.  499. 

Putnam,  co.  Geo.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Oco- 
nee. Pop.  10,029,  including  3,220  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Eatonton. 

Putnam,  co.  Ohio,  foniied  1020,  in  the  Indian 
reservatjon. 


Putnam,  formerly  Springjield,  p-t.  Muskingum 
CO.  Ohio,  opposite  Zanesville,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  handsome  bridge.  Pop.  400.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

Putney,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the  Thames,  4§ 
m.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,88 1. 

Putney,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  33  m.  below  Windsor.     Pop.  1,607. 

Pulten,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderiand,  23  m. 
N.  W.  Utrecht.     Pop.  2,300. 

Puttershock,  or  Pietershock,  t.  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  10  m.  S.  by  E.  Rotterdam.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Puttlitz,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  9  m.  N.  N> 
W.  Pritzwalk.     Pop.  1,000. 

Puttun.     See  JVehrwalla. 

Putumayo,  also  called  lea,  r.  S.  America,  which 
rises  in  Quito,  runs  E.  about  300  miles,  when  it 
takes  the  name  of  lea,  and,  after  a  S.  E.  course  of 
about  200  miles,  joins  the  river  Amazons,  in  lon. 
50"  40'  W.  lat.  3"  30'  S. 

Pufzig,  or  Pulzko.     SeePautzke. 

Puy,  Le,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Upper  Loire,  on 
the  Borne,  70  m.  S.  W.  Lyons,  90  N.  by  W. 
Nismes.  Lon.  3"  53'  E.  Lat.  46"  25'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Puybeliard,  t.  France,  in  La  Vendee,  23  m.  N. 
W.  Fontenay.     Pop.  800. 

Puycerda,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  river 
Segre,  53  m.  W.  N.  W.  Gerona.     Pop.  1,500. 

P^ty  dc  Dome,  a  lofty  mountain  in  the  interior 
of  France,  2  m.  W.  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Puy  de  Dome,  depaitment  in  the  central  part  of 
France.  Extent,  3,400  sq.  miles.  Pop.  543,000. 
Clermont  is  the  capital. 

Puy  Laurens,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  26  m.  E. 
Toulouse.     Pop.  5,100. 

Puy  Leveque,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  18  m.  W.  Ca- 
hors.     Pop.  1,600. 

Puyloubier,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
12  m.  E.  Aix.     Pop.  900. 

Puy  Miclan,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  6 
m.  E.' Marmande.     Pop.  1,100. 

Puy  Mirol,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  7 
ra.  E.  Agen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Puy  St.  Reparade,  t.  France,  in  Mouth-of-the-^ 
Rhone,  7  m.  W.  PeyroUes,  10  N.  W.  Aix.  Pop, 
1,500. 

Puy  la  Roque,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne, 
18  m.  S.  E.  Cahors.     Pop.  2,000. 

Puzzuolo,  or  Pozzuoli,  anciently  Puteoli,  a 
celebrated  t.  Italy,  delightfully  situated  on  a 
point  projecting  into  the  sea,  nearly  in  the  centre 
of  the  fine  bay  of  Puzzuolo,  7  m.  W.  Naples. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Pwllheli,  s-p.  Wales,  27  m.  S.  Caernarvon.  Lat. 
52°54'N.     Pop.  717. 

Pybus,  Point,  point  on  the  W.  coast  of  King 
George  the  Third's  archipelago.  Lon.  226"  8'  E. 
Lat.  57°  18'  N. 

Pychma,  r.  Siberia,  which  falls  into  the  Toura, 
after  an  E.  course  of  300  miles. 

Pye^s  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  N.  W.  cocist 
of  America.     Lon.  210"  21'  E.  Lat.  59°  19'  N. 

Pyha,  r.  Finland,  in  East  Bothnia,  which  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  at  Brahestadt. 

Pyke,  Point,  cape  on  an  island  off  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America.     Lon,  212°  16' E.  Lat.  39°  69' N. 

Pylos,  t.  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  on  the  S.  W. 
coast,  at  the  extremity  of  a  bay,  opposite  Navarin. 

Pylstart,  or  La  Sola,  isl.  in  the  Pacifi«  ocean. 
Lon".  176°  59'  W.  Lat.  38"  22'  S. 


QUA 

Pynacker,  t.  Netherlands,  in  S.  Holland,  7  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1,200. 

Pyramids,  a  rans;e  of  ancient  and  stupendous 
Egyptian  monuments,  extending  along  the  Nile, 
opposite  Cairo,  for  about  20  leagues.  The  base 
of  the  largest  is  693  English  feet  square,  covering 
an  area  of  little  more  than  11  acres ;  the  perpen- 
dicular height  499  feet. 

Pyrenees,  a  range  of  lofty  mountains  which  di- 
ride  France  from  Spain.  The  mountains  are 
highest  towards  Mont  Perdu,  about  100  miles 
from  the  bay  of  Biscay.  They  attain  there  an 
elevation  of  between  10,000  and  12,000  feet,  and 
contain  glaciers,  as  in  the  Alps.  The  number  of 
passes,  including  paths  for  pedestrians,  exceeds  50, 
but  the  carriage  roads  hardly  exceed  5 ;  and  of 
these,  the  most  frequented  are  from  Jonquera  to 
Perpignan,  from  St.  Sebastian  to  St.  Jean  de  Luz, 
and  from  Pampeluna  to  St.  Jean  dc  Pied  de  Port.- 

Pyrenees,  Easlernr,  department,  France,  bound- 
ed by  Spain  on  the  S.  and  the  Mediterranean  on 


QUE  609 

the  E.  Extent,  1,650  sq.  miles.  Fop.  127,000- 
Perpignan  is  the  capital. 

Pyrenees,  Lower,  department,  France.  Ex- 
tent, 3,100  sq. miles.  Pop.  383,000.  Pauls  the 
capital. 

Pyrenees,  C^per,  department,  France.  Extent, 
1,800  sq.  miles.  Pop.  nearly  200,000.  Tarbes  is 
the  capital. 

Byrgo,  V.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  on  an  el- 
evated plain  between  Mount  Olonos  and  the  Al- 
pheus,8m.N.W.Phloka. 

Pyrgos,  t.  Greece,  in  the  island  of  Santorin,  6 
m.  S.  W.  Scavo.     Lon.25"38'E.    Lat.  36°  26' N. 

Pyrits,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  15  m.  S.  by  W. 
Stargard.     Pop.  1,700. 

Pyrmont,  the  chief  town  of  a  principality  of 
the  same  name,  in  Germany,  33  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Hanover.  The  principality  contains  36  sq.  miles, 
•and  4,300  inhabitants,  and  belongs  to  prioce 
Waldec. 


Q. 


Qtjackenbrtjck,  t.  Hanover,  26  m.  N.  Osna- 
bruck,  44  S.  W.  Bremen. 

Quade,  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ce- 
lebes.    Lon.  119°  48'  E.  Lat.  5"  22'  S. 

Quadra  and  f^ancouver^s  Island,  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America,  between  Queen  Charlotte  s 
sound  and  De  Fuca's  straits. 

Quadrant.     See  Cadron. 

Quainton,  v.  Eng.  in  Buckingham  co.  6  m.  N. 
W.  Aylesbury.     Pop.  848. 

Quaker  Hill,  v.  in  Pawling,  N.  Y. 

QuakerCoivn,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  33  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Philadelphia. 

Qualla  Moorha,  r.  and  port  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Malacca,  18  m.  S.  Queda. 

Qualuga,  s-p.  Whidah,  in  Africa,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Kjabi. 

Quanamora,  t.  W.  Africa,  on  the  river  Sher- 
bro.     Lon.  10°  15'  W.  Lat.  7°  45'  N. 

Quang-ping,  city,  China,  in  Petchelee.  Lon. 
]14"29'E.  Lat.  36"  47' N. 

Quangsee,  province,  China,  on  the  S.  W.  fron- 
tier, bordering  on  Tonquin. 

Quanglong,  province  in  the  S.  of  China,  well 
situated  for  trade.  Among  numerous  other  ports, 
it  contains  Canton. 

Quantico,  r.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  which 
luns  into  the  Potomac,  4  m.  below  Dumfries. 

Quantico  Mills,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

Quantong,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrawuddy 
river,  25  m.  from  the  frontiers  of  China.  It  is 
frequented  by  Chinese  merchants.  Lon.  96°  55' 
i:.  Lat.  24°  2'  N. 

Quarante,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Narbonne.     Pop.  1,400. 

Quaranlola,  t.  Italy,  in  Modena,  20  m.  N.  by  E. 
Jlodena. 

Quarlesinlk,  p-v.  Brunswick  co.  Va, 

Quarnaro,  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Venice,  between 
I  rtria  and  Dalmatia. 

Quarnitz,  t.  Prussian  states.  8  m.  W.  by  S.  Glo- 
^au.    Pop.  1,200 

77 


Quarre  les  Tonibes,  v.  France,  in  Yonne,  9  m.  b. 
byE.Avallon.     Pop.  1,800. 

QuMssitz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  on  the 
river  March,  22  m.  S.  S.  E.  Olmutz. 

Quatre  Bras,  hamlet,  Netherlands,  in  Namur, 
7  m.  W.  Ligny,  remarkable  for  the  obstinate  con- 
flict between  the  British  and  French,  on  16th  June 
1815. 

Quatre  Facardins,  Les,  4  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  140°  30'  W.    Lat.  18°  40'  S. 

QuaunaJmac.    See  Cuemavacca. 

Quebec,  city,  N.  America,  and  capital  of  Can- 
ada, situated  on  a  promontory  on  the  N.  W.  side 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  formed  by  that  river  and  the 
St.  Charles.  The  ridge  of  land  which  termin- 
ates in  this  promontory  runs  from  E.  to  VV.  and 
separates  the  rivers  St.  Lawrence  and  St.  Charles. 
Its  general  breadth  is  from  one  to  two  miles.  It 
has  cape  Diamond,  a  bold  promontory  which  rises 
345  feet  above  the  level  of  the  water,  on  the  N. ; 
and  across  it,  at  the  N.  E.  or  lower  end,  the  town 
of  Quebec  is  built.  The  fortifications  extending 
across  the  breadth  of  the  peninsula,  shut  in  the 
ground  on  which  the  city  stands,  the  circuit  of 
which  is  about  2|  miles.  From  Cape  Diamond, 
the  ridge  slopes  towards  the  north,  till  it  reaches 
the  valley  through  which  the  St.  Charles  runs. 
The  town  is  divided  into  two  parts,  namely,  the 
Upper  and  Lower.  The  Upper  town  is  separated 
from  the  Lower  by  a  line  of  steep  rocks,  which 
runs  from  the  cape  towards  the  river  St.  Charles. 
The  Lower  town  is  situated  immediately  under 
cape  Diamond.  The  communication  from  the 
Lower  to  the  Upper  town  is  by  a  wiiiding  street, 
at  the  top  of  which  is  a  fortified  gate.  The  greater 
proportion  of  the  houses  are  built  of  stone,  with 
high  sloping  roofs.  The  principal  public  build- 
ings  are  the  castle  of  St.  Louis,  the  Hotel  Dieu, 
the  convent  of  the  Ursulines,  the  monastery  of 
the  Jesuits,  now  turned  into  barracks,  the  Protes- 
tant and  Catholic  cathedrals,  the  Scots  church, 
the  Lowpr  town  church,  the  court-house,  the 


610 


QU  £ 


QUE 


£5eminary,  the  new  jail,  and  the  artillery  barracks. 
The  castle  of  St.  Louis,  situated  on  the  summit  of 
the  rock,  is  a  handsome  stone  building,  seated  near 
the  edge  of  a  precipice,  something  more  than  200 
feet  high,  and  surmounted  by  a  spacious  gallery, 
whence  there  is  a  most  commanding  prospect. 

In  its  present  state,  Quebec  may  rank  as  a  for- 
tress of  the  first  consequence  :  the  citadel,  on  the 
highest  part  of  Cape  Diamond,  presents  a  formi- 
dable combination  of  powerful  works,  from 
whence  a  strong  wall,  supported  by  small  batte- 
ries in  different  places,  runs  to  the  edge  of  the 
precipice,  along  which  it  is  continued  to  the  gate- 
way leading  to  the  Lower  town,  which  is  defend- 
ed by  heavy  cannon,  and  the  approach  to  it  up 
Mountain-street,  both  enfiladed  and  flanked  by 
many  guns  of  large  calibre ;  thence  a  line  of  de- 
fence connects  with  the  grand  battery,  a  work  of 
great  strength,  armed  with  a  formidable  train  of 
iI4-pounders,  and  commanding  the  basin  and  pas- 
sage of  the  river  St,  Lawrence,  which  is  here  only 
a  mile  wide. — The  basin  of  Quebec  is  very  spa- 
cious, being  sufficient  to  contain  100  sail  of  the 
iine.  The  depth  of  water  is  28  lathoms.  In  1759, 
Quebec  was  taken  by  the  English,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  brave  general  Wolfe,  who  fell  in  the 
engagement ;  and  by  the  peace  in  1763,  it  was 
ceded,  with  the  rest  of  Canada,  to  the  conquerors. 
In  1776,  the  Americans  made  an  unsuccessful  at- 
tempt against  this  city,  with  the  loss  of  their  com- 
mander, general  Montgomery.  180  m.  N.  E. 
Montreal,  400  from  the  sea.  Lon.  ir  10'  W.  Lat. 
46°  50'  N.  Pop.  in  1815,  according  to  Bouchette, 
28,000. 

Queckni,  t.  Birman  empire,  in  Martaban.  Lon. 
97°45'E.  Lat.  15°  35' N. 

Queda,  country,  Asia,  on  the  W.  coast  of  tlie 
peninsula  of  Malacca,  between  5°  10'  and  T  30' 
N.  lat  The  principal  produce  of  the  country  is 
tin. 

Quedlinburg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Bude, 
30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Magdeburg,  10  S.  S.  E.  Halber- 
stadt.  Lon.  1 1"  7'  39"  E.  Lat.  5 1°  47'  58"  N,  Pop. 
11,000. 

Q^ueechy,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in  Sherburne,  and 
runs  into  Connecticut  river,  10  m.  above  Wind- 
sor. 

Queen  Ann,  co.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Md. 
bounded  N.  by  Kent  co.  E.  by  Delaware,  S.  E. 
by  Caroline  co.  S.  by  Talbot  co.  and  W.  by  Ches- 
apeak  bay.  Pop.  16,648.  Slaves,  6,381.  Chief 
town,  Centrevillc. 

Queen  .Inn,  p-t.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Patuxent,  25  m.  N.  E.  Washington, 
39  S.  by  W,  Baltimore. 

Queenborougli,  Eng.  in  Kent,  in  the  isle  of  Shep- 
pey,  H  m.  S.  Sheerness.     Pop.  805. 

Queen  Catharine'' s  Foreland,  the  N.  E.  point  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  at  the  E.  entrance  into  the  straits 
of  Magellan. 

Queen  Charlotte'' s  Foreland,  the  S.  E,  extremity 
of  New  Caledonia.  Lon.  167°  14'  E.  Lat.  22" 
15' W. 

Queen  Charlotte's  Foreland,  the  S.  W.  point  of 
New  Hanover,  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  148°  27' 
E.  Lat.  2°  29' S. 

Queen  Cfiarlotte' s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  about  6  miles  long  and  1  broad.  Lon.  138° 
4'  W.  Lat.  19°  18'  S. 

Queen  Charlotte'' s  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  off 
the  W.  coast  of  North  America.  Lon.  from  131°  to 
183°  7'  W.  Lat.  52"  to  54°  22'  N. 

Queen  Charlotte- s  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in 


the  Pacific  ocean,  discovered  by  captain  Carteret, 
in  the  year  1767,  consisting  of  Egmont's  island  or 
New  Guernsey,  Lord  Howe's  island  or  New  Jer- 
sey, and  several  others.  Lon.  163°  30'  to  165°  10' 
E.  Lat.  9°  50' to  11°  20' S. 

Queen  Charlotte's  Sound,  a  bay  at  the  N.  end 
of  the  southern  island  of  New  Zealand.  The  en- 
trance is  in  lon.  184°  45'  W.  lat.  41"  S. 

Queen  Charlotte^s  Sound,  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  between  the  continent  of  N.  America  and 
the  island  of  Quadra  and  Vancouver.  Lon,  226" 
40'  to  228°  E.  Lat.  50°  32'  to  51°  12'  N. 

Queen  Elizabeth'' s  Island,  isl.  in  the  straits  of 
Magellan,  about  36  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
71°  13'  W.  Lat.  52"  54'  S. 

Queensbury,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud 
son,  58  m.  N.  Albany.     Pop.  1,948. 

Queen's  County,  a  county  of  Ireland,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  King's  county,  E.  by  Kildare  and 
part  of  Carlow,  S.  by  Kilkenny,  and  S.  W.  b  ■ 
Tipperary.  Extent,  590  square  miles.  Pop.  aboii 
90,000. 

Queens,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.  side  of  th--- 
bay  of  Fuudy. 

Queens,  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  each  side  of 
St.  John' s  river.     Chief  town,  Gagetown . 

Queen'' s  County,  co.  N.  Y.  comprising  the  W. 
part  of  Long  Island.  Pop.  19,336.  Chief  towns, 
Jamaica  and  North  Hempstead. 

Queensdale,  p-v.  Robeson  co.  N.  C. 

Queensferry,  a  royal  borough,  Scotland,  in  Lin- 
lithgow CO.  on  the  frith  of  Forth,  9  m.  W.  Edin- 
burgh.    Lon.  3°  23'  W.  Lat.  56°  N.     Pop.  558. 

Queenstown,  t.  Upper  Canada,  on  the  Niagara, 
under  the  ridge  called  Queenstown  Heights,  op- 
posite Lewistown,  7  miles  below  Niagara  falls,  at 
the  head  of  navigation.  It  is  the  depot  of  all  the 
merchandise  and  stores  brought  from  Montreal 
and  Quebec,  for  the  use  of  the  upper  province. 

Queenstown,  p-t.  Queen  Ann's  co.  Md.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Chester  river,  6  m.  S.  W.  Centreville, 
20  E.  Annapolis. 

Queich,  r.  Bavaria,  which  falls  into  the  Rhine 
near  Germersheim. 

Queige,  t.  Sardinian  States,  in  Savoy,  4  m.  N. 
E.  Conflans.     Pop.  l,5iX). 

Queuing,  or  KoueUing,  city  of  China,  cap.  of 
Quangsee.  Lon.  109°  51'  E.  Lat.  25"  12'  N. 

Quels,  or  Queiss,  r.  Prussian  States,  which  di- 
vides Silesia  from  Lusatia,  and  falls  into  the  Bo- 
ber,  above  Sagan.  Its  banks  were,  in  September 
1813,  the  scene  of  obstinate  fighting  between  the 
French  and  Prussians,  to  the  advantage  of  the 
latter. 

Quelpaert,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  S.  of  the  pe- 
ninsula of  Corea.  Lon.  126"  35'  E.  Lat.  33' 
14'  N. 

Quelus,  V.  Portugal,  10  m.  N.  W.  Lisbon, 

Qwemado,  port  of  Peru.  Lat,  14°  20' S. 

Qvxmahoning,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,392. 

Quemenes,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near  the 
coast  of  France.  Lon.  4°  48' W.  Lat.  48°  22' N. 

Quercy,  formerly  a  province  in  the  south  of 
France.  It  now  constitutes  the  chief  part  of  the 
department  of  the  Lot. 

Queretaro,  city.  New  Spain,  in  the  intendancy 
of  Mexico.  95  m.  N.  W.  IWexico.  Lon.  100°  11' 
W.  Lat.  20°  38'  N.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

Querfurt,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Mersebur^,  15 
m.  W.  Merseburg,  29  W.  Leipsic.     Pop.  2,500, 

Querigut,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  27  m.  S.  E.  Ta- 
rascon.     Pop.  800. 

Querimba,  a  range  of  islands  extending  along 


QU  I 


the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  to  the  S.  of  Cape  Delgado. 
Lon.  40"  58'  E.  Lat.  12°  20'  S. 

Querkeiness,  or  Kerkeiness,  2  small  islanJs  in 
rhe  Mediterranean,  off  the  coast  of  Tunis.  Lon. 
ir  12' E.  Lat.  34°  59' N. 

Qvernmoor,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Lancaster.     Pop.  471. 

^uesada,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Ube- 
da.     Pop.  2,800. 

Q^uesan,  small  islands  off  the  E.  coast  of  China. 
Lon.  120"  52'  E.  Lat.  29°  22'  N. 

Q,ue.inoi/,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  20  m.  E. 
by  N.  Cambray.  Pop.  4,000.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Austrians  in  1793,  but  retaken  by  the  French 
in  1794. — It  is  the  name  of  another  town,  6  m.  N. 
W.  Lisle.     Pop.  3,700. 

Queslembert,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  12  m.  E. 
Vannes.     Pop.  3,500. 

(^uetiehou,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  9  m.  N. 
E,  Valognes.     Pop.  1,400. 

Q,uevattcamps,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  14 
aft,  N.  W.  Mons,  16  E.  S.  E.  Tournay.     Pop..  1,000. 

Q,ueyjos,  Cape,  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Biscay.  Lon.  3°  31'  W.  Lat.  43°  30'  N. 

^ueyrasy  or  Qmerow,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps, 
14  m.  S.  E.  Briancon,  20  E.  Embrua. 

Quiberon,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  with  two  har- 
bours defended  by  batteries.  12  m.  N.  Belle- 
Isle,  24  S.  S.  E.  L'Orient. 

Quibletown^  v.  Middlesex  co.'N.  J.  6  m,  N.  New- 
Brunswick. 

Qiiibo,  small  isl.  on  the  outer  part  of  the  bay 
of  Panama.  Lon.  71°  33'  30"  W.  Lat.  70°  27' 
30"  N. 

Quicaro,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  coast  of  Veragua.  Lon.  82°  42'  W.  Lat.  7° 
54' N. 

Q,uicksmid  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.  Lon.  124°  W.  Lat.  45°  50'  N. 

Quicksand  River,  r.  N.  America,  which  falls 
into  the  Columbia,  about  200  miles  from  its 
mouth. 

(^uicourre,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  1,000  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Quiers.     See  Cfiieri. 

Quielo,  r.  Austrian  States,  which  falls  into  the 
Adriatic  at  Citta  Nuova. 

Quievrain,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  9  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Valenciennes,  13  W.S.W.  Mons.  Pop.  1,500. 

Quifca,  s-p.  Peru,  40  m.  W.  S.  W.  Arequipa. 
Lat.  16"  45'  S. 

Qwt//<7?i,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  on  the  river  Aude, 
14  m.  S.  Limoux,  26  S.  by  W.  Carcassonne.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Quillebcmf,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  Seine,  9 
m.  N.  of  Pont  Audemer.     Pop.  1,200. 

Quillimancy,  r.  Africa,  having  at  its  mouth  a 
town  of  the  same  name.  Lon.  40"  10'  E.  Lat.  3° 
10'  S. 

%dllimane,  t.  Mosambique,  in  E.  Africa,  at  the 
month  of  theZambeze.  Lat.  17°  37'  S. 

Quillota,  province,  Chili.  Pop.  14,000.  Qt«7- 
Wa,  the  capital,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  bor- 
ders of  the  river  Aconcagua.  Lon.  71°  18'  W.  Lat. 
32°  50'  S. 

Quiloa,  city  and  seaport,  E.  Africa,  cap.  of  a 
sountry  of  the  same  name.  It  is  built  on  an  island 
close  to  the  mainland.  Lon.  39°  47'  E.  Lat.  8° 
41'  S. 

Quilotiia,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  13°  S. 

Quiltaon,  one  of  the  Laccadive  islands,  in  the 
Eastern  seas.  Lon.  72°  45'  E.  Lat.  12°  N. 


QUI  6U 

Qwi'mper,  or  Kimper  Corentin,  t.  France,  in 
Finisterre,  34  m.  S.  E.  Brest.  Lon.  4°  5'  45"  W. 
Lat.  47°  58'  29"  N.  Pop.  7,000. 

Quimperle,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  12  m.  N. 
"W.  L'Orient,  28  E.  by  S.  Quimper.  Lon.  3°  9'  W. 
Lat.  47°  39'  N. 

Quince  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  5  m.  W.  Galley  Head. 

Quinchac,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  be- 
tween the  island  of  Chiloe  and  the  continent  of 
Chili.     Lat.  43°  30' S. 

Quincy,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  8  m.  S.  Boston. 
Pop.  1,281. 

Quindiu,  high  and  craggy  mountains  in  Ne.w 
Granada,  over  which  there  is  a  passage  between 
the  provinces  of  Popayan  and  Santa  Fe.  Lat.  4'' 
36'  N. 

Quinebaug,  formerly  Mohegan,  r.  which  rise,? 
in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  and,  running  S.  into  Connec- 
ticut, joins  the  Shetucket,  3  miles  above  Norwich 
landing. 

Quingey,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  12  m.  S.  by  W. 
Besan9on,  13  N.  Salins. 

Quinnipiack,  or  East  river,  r.  Ct.  whicli  runs^ 
S.  and  flows  into  tlie  N.  E.  side  of  New  Haven 
harbour. 

Quinson,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  31  m.  S. 
Digne. 

Quintavibert.     See  Questembert. 

Quinlanar  de  la  Orden,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha, 
29  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ocana. 

Quinte,  a  bay  and  harbour  in  the  N.  E.  part  of 
Lake  Ontario,  a  little  to  the  W.  of  Kingston,  50 
miles  long,  and  from  6  to  12  miles  broad. 

Quintin,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  12  m.  S.- 
by  W.  St.  Brieux.     Pop.  4,000. 

Quinto,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Ebro,  27 
m.  S.  E.  Saragossa. 

Quinto,  V.  Switz.  in  Ticino,  25  m.  N.  N.  W, 
Bellinzona. 

Quinzano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  11  m.  N.  Cremona, 
Pop.  3,000. 

Quiriquina,  small  isl.  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Conception. 

Quiros,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Espiritu  Santo,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  84" 
53' E.    Lat.  15°  44' S. 

Quirpon,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lon.  52°  22' W.    Lat.  51°  40' N. 

Quisanga,  small  s-p.  E.  Africa.    Lat.  12°  20'  S. 

Quissac,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  20  m.  W.  by  N. 
Nimes.     Pop.  1,400. 

Quistello,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Secchia,  near  its  influx  into  the  Po,  12  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Mantua. 

Quita-Sueno,  shoals  on  the  coast  of  Mexico,  op- 
posite Cape  Gracias  de  Dios,  45  miles  long.  Lou. 
81°  W.    Lat.  14°  20'  N. 

Quito,  Audience  of,  country,  S.  America,  in 
New  Granada,  hounded  N.  by  the  audience  of 
Santa  Fe,  E.  by  the  Portuguese  dominions,  W.  by 
the  Pacific,  and  S.  by  Peru. 

Quito,  the  capital  of  the  above  country,  is  near- 
ly under  the  equator,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
western  branch  of  the  Andes,  35  leagues  from  the 
Pacific  ocean.  The  volcanic  mountain  of  Fichin- 
cha  is  the  basis  on  which  this  celebrated  city  rests. 
The  streets,  except  the  four  principal  ones,  are 
very  irregular,  owing  to  the  inequalities,  of  the 
ground  which  are  so  great,  that  they  entirely  de- 
prive the  inhabitants  of  the  use  of  wheel  carriages. 
The  city  contains  seven  parish  churches,  a  uni- 
versity, with  numerous  convents,  nunneries,  fee. 
The  population   is  estimatea  at  70,000.    The 


612 


R  A  B 


whites  make  up  one-sixth  part ;  tlie  mestizoes  a 
third  part ;  the  Indians  one-sixth ;  and  casts  of 
different  kinds  one-third.  Quito  is  so  happily  sit- 
uated, that  neither  the  heat  nor  cold  are  trouble- 
some, tliough  the  extremes  of  both  may  be  felt  in 
the  neighbourhood.  This  equality  is  constant 
throughout  the  whole  year,  the  difference  between 
the  seasons  being  scarce  perceivable  ;  but  to 
coanterbalance  this  advantage,  here  are  dreadful 
tempests  of  thunder  and  lightning,  and  still  more 
dreadful  earthquakes,  which  often  surprise  the  in- 
habitants in  the  midst  of  security.  On  the  4th  of 
February  1797,  the  country  was  shaken  by  a  most 
dreadful  earthquake,  the  face  of  the  whole  district 
was  changed,  and  in  the  space  of  a  second,  forty 
thousand  persons  were  hurled  into  eternity.  The 
height  of  Quito  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is  9,510 
feet.     Lon.  78°  10'  W.  Lat.  0°  13'  S. 

Quilia,  Danish  fort,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Volta,  between  the  Gold  and  Slave  coasts  of  Af- 
rica.   Lon.  0"  8'  E.  Lat  6°  N. 


R  A  C 

Quivre,  r.  Missouri,  in  St.  Charles  co.  which 
flows  into  the  Mississippi.  It  is  navigable  150 
miles. 

Quixas  and  Macas,  the  most  easterly  province 
of  the  audience  of  Quito,  and  kingdom  of  New 
Granada,  bounded  N.  by  Popayan,  and  E.  by  Por- 
tuguese Guiana. 

Qworf,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  in 
the  straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  74"  6'  W.  Lat.  33" 
33'  S. 

^uoin,  island  in  the  Eastern  seas,  N.  of  the  Ni- 
cobar  islands.     Lon.  93"  23'  E.  Lat,  9"  56'  N. 

^uoirij  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon,  48°  14'  E.  Lat, 
14'  S. 

^uoja,  country  of  Africa,  in  the  interior  from 
Sierra  Leone,  between  8°  and  10"  W.  lon.  and  7" 
and  9"  N.  lat. 

Quondanga,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  Irrar 
wuddy,  42  m.  N.  Prome. 


R. 


Raab,  or  Gi/ori  Varmegye,  county,  Hungary,  on 
both  sides  the  Danube,  and  of  the  river  Raab. 
Pop.  78,000.  Raab,  Gyor,  or  Nany-Gyor,  the 
capital,  is  in  a  fine  plain,  surrounded  by  the  Dan- 
ube, the  Raab,  and  the  Rabnitz.  It  is  fortified 
both  by  nature  and  art.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop. 
11,000,  of  whom  5,000  are  within  the  fortifica- 
tions. The  chief  manufacture  is  of  knives  and 
swords.  38  m.  S.  S.  E.  Presburg,  66  E.  S.  E.  Vi- 
enna.    Lon.  17"  6'  E.    Lat  47"  41'  N. 

Raab,  r.  Austrian  states,  which  falls  into  the 
Danube,  by  three  channels,  near  the  city  of 
Raab. 

Raagoe,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Laaland.  Lon.  11*19'  E.  Lat. 
54°  58'  N. 

Raasay,  or  Raasa,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  between 
the  mainland  of  Scotland  and  the  isle  of  Skye, 
15  miles  long  by  2  broad.  Lon.  6"  W.  Lat  57" 
25' N. 

Raase,  t.  Austrian  states,  20  m.  W.  Troppau. 
Pop.  1,800. 

Rnbasteins,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  on  the  river 
Tarn,  18  m.  N.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  6,000. 

Rabat.     See  Sallee. 

Rabbah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  chiefcity  of  the  Am- 
monites, near  the  source  of  the  river  Arnon. 

Rabbath  Muab,  the  capital  of  the  ancient  coun- 
try of  Moab,  situated  in  a  mountainous  country, 
E.  of  the  Lake  Asphaltites.  Its  ruins  still  remain ; 
particularly  some  walls  aad  marble  pillars  belong- 
ing to  a  large  Corinthian  temple. 

Rabbit  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Scotland.    Lon.  4"  14'  VV.    Lat.  58"  30'  N. 

Rabensburg,  v.  Austria,  at  the  influx  of  thfe 
Theya  into  the  March,  15  m.  N.  N.  E.  Zisters- 
dorf. 

Rabenslein,  t.  Austria,  11  m.  S.  S.  W.  St  Pol- 
ten. 

Rabnabad,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  15  miles 
long,  by  5  broad.    Lon.  90"  26' E.    Lat  22"  N. 

Rabnabad,  t.  Bengal,  in  Backergunge,  on  the 


E.  bank  of  one  of  the  numerous  branches  of  the 
Delta  of  the  Ganges.     Lat.  not  ascertained. 

Racanello,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  in  lon.  16"  42'  E.  lat.  49' 
37' N. 

Racca,  t  Diarbekir,  on  the  E.  bank  of  tlic  Eu- 
phrates, at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  named  Be- 
les,  founded,  according  to  Pliny,  by  Alexander 
the  Great.  It  was  the  favourite  residence  of  Ha- 
roim  al  Rashed.     Lon.  38"  50'  E.    Lat  36"  5'  N. 

Raccoon,  t  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Raccoon  creek, 
12  m.  W.  Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  510. 

Raccoon  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  6  m.  below  Gallipolis,  after  a  course  of  50 
miles. 

Raccoon  mountain,  Tennessee.  It  is  pierced  by 
Tennessee  river,  at  the  place  called  the  Suck. 

Race,  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  52"  30' W.    Lat  46"  46' N. 

Race,  Point,  the  N.  W.  extremity  of  Cape  Cod, 
Mass.  3  m.  N.  W.  Provincetown.  Lon.  70"  12'  W. 
Lat.  42"  4'  N. 

Race  of  Alderney,  or  Ras  de  Blanquert,  a  nar- 
row strait  of  the  English  channel,  between  the 
isle  of  Alderney  and  Cape  la  Hogue,  in  France. 

Rachore,  district.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  on  the 
river  Kistnah.  Rachore,  the  capital,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river.  Lon.  78°  6' 
E.    Lat  16"  20' N. 

Rachour,  t.  Hind,  in  Gurrah  Mundella.  Lon. 
80"  5' E.    Lat  23"  N. 

Rachxmty,  t.  India,  in  Gurrumcondah.  Lon.  78" 
40' E.    Ldtl4"2'N. 

Racket,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  near  the  sources  of 
the  Hudson,  and  flows  N.  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  2 
m.  above  St.  Regis.  In  the  town  of  Cookham,  it 
falls,  in  a  short  distance,  200  feet.  It  is  navigable 
20  miles,  to  Louisville. 

Racketon,  v.  Louisville,  N.  Y.  at  the  head  of  the 
batteaux  navigation  on  Racket  river,  20  m.  (roid 
its  confluence  with  the  St  Lawrence,  25  E.  Og- 
densburg. 


RAG 

Rackibirn  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lon.8°42'W.   Lat.  54"  40' N. 

Rackoke,  one  of  the  Kurile  isles,  about  13  miles 
long,  and  the  same  broad. 

Rackwils,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  24  m.  N.  Frau- 
atadt.    Pop.  1,300. 

Raconigi,  or  Raconis,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  S. 
Carignano,  20  S.  Turin.     Pop.  10,500. 

Racz-Kevi,  t.  Hungary,  24  m.  S.  Pest. 

Raczki,  t.  Poland,  13  m.  S.  E.  Augustow.  Pop. 
800. 

Radanagur,  t.  Bengal,  in  Burdwan,  2  m.  fi'om 
Keerpoy. 

Radaune,  r.  W.  Prussia,  which  falls  into  the 
Mottlau  near  Dantzic. 

Radbusa,  r.  Bohemia,  which  joins  the  Misa  near 
Pilsen. 

Radeberg,  t.  Saxony,  8  m.  N.  E.  Dresden.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Raden,  or  Rahden,  t.  Prussian  states,  16  m.  N. 
W.  Minden.     Pop.  1,500. 

Radeponi,  v.  France,  in  Eure,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Rouen. 

Rades,  t.  Tunis,  in  Africa,  5  m.  S.E.  Tunis. 

Rade  vor  dem  Walde,  t.  Prussian  states,  24  m.  E. 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2,700. 

Radicofani,  or  Forte  Radicofani,  t.  Tuscany,  38 
m.  S.  E.  Sienna. 

Radkersbi-rg,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  an  island  in 
the  Muhr,  107  m.  S.  by  W.  Vienna,  36  S.  S.  E. 
Gratz.    Pop.  2,400. 

Radmar,  v.  Austrian  states,  20  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Leoben. 

Radno,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  80  m.  N.  by 
W.  Luck. 

Radnor,  county,  Wales,  bounded  N.  by  Mont- 
gomeryshire and  Shropshire,  E.  by  Herefordshire, 
S.  and  W.  by  Brecknockshire  and  part  of  Cardi- 
gan.    Extent,  about  500  sq.  miles.     Pop.  20,900. 

Radnor,  Kew,  t.  and  borough,  Wales,  in  Rad- 
nor CO.  on  the  Somergill,  7  m.  N.  W.  Kingston, 
155  W.  N.  W.  of  London.     Pop.  1,917. 

Radolfsell,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Lake  Constance. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Radom,  t.  Poland,  54  m.  S.  Warsaw,  110  N.  E. 
Cracow.     Pop.  1,500. 

Radoviste,  or  Radovich,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, 60  m.  N.  by  W.  Salonica.     Pop.  2,000. 

Radstadt,  t.  Austria,  39  m.  S.  S.  E.  Salzburg, 
102  E.  Innspruck.     Pop.  800. 

Radymno,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Ja- 
roslav,  10  N.  by  E.  Przemsyl.     Pop.  1,500. 

Radzicjmv,  t.  Poland,  17  m.  W.  Brzesc.  Pop. 
900. 

Radzionz,  t.  Poland,  20  m.  N.  W.  Plock.  Pop. 
SOO. 

Radzivihi;  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  7  m.  N. 
W.  Brody  in  Galicia. 

Radzyn,  t.  Poland,  38  m.  N.  Lublin.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Rae,  the  ruins  of,  formerly  an  immense  city  of 
Persia,  immediately  S.  of  Tehraun. 

Raen,  or  Raun,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Save, 
28  m.  S.  E.  Cilley. 

Rafael  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hispaciola. 
Lon.  69°  46'  E.    Lat.  19°  2'  N. 

Rafin,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad.  Lon.  73°  20' 
E.   Lat.  1 8°  26' N. 

Ragats,  t.  Switz.  in  St.  Gall,  5  m.  S.  S.  E,  Sar- 
gans. 

Ragged  Harbour,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundlaod.    Lea.  52°  43' W.   Lat  49°  45' N. 


R  A  I 


613 


Ragged  Island,  small  isl.  among  the  Bahamas. 
Lon.  77°  16'  W.    Lat.  22°  27'  N. 

Ragged  Island,  a  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas, 
near  the  island  of  Paraguay.  Lon.  119°  30'  E. 
Lat.  11°24'N. 

Ragged  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Borneo.     Lon.  116°  40'  E.    Lat.  2°  13'  S. 

Ragged  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  St.  Chris- 
topher.   Lon.  62°  42'  W.    Lat.  17°  30'  N. 

Raggendorf,  t.  Austria,  14  m.  N.  N.  E.  Vienna. 
Pop.  1,400. 

Raggiolo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  16  m.  E.  by  N.  Gu- 
astalla. 

Ragland,  r.  Eng.  in  Monmouth  co.  8  m.  W. 
Monmouth. 

Ragnit,  t.  East  Prussia,  in  Gumbinnen,  on  the 
Memel,  6  m.  S.  E.  Tilsit.     Pop.  2,100. 

Ragoegur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  77°  30'  E. 
Lat.  24°  23'  N. 

Raguhn,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Dessau,  6  m. 
S.Dessau.    Pop.  1,100. 

Ragusa,  a  circle  of  Austrian  Dalmatia,  includ- 
ing the  islands  of  Curzola,  Lagosta  or  Agosta,  Mi- 
leda,  Guipana,  Mezzo,  Calamata,  and  aiew  others. 
It  is  bounded  by  the  Turkish  frontier  on  the  E. 
and  the  Adriatic  on  the  W.  Area,  about  700  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  60,000. 

Ragitsa,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  district, 
and  an  archbishop's  see,  is  on  a  peninsula  in  the 
Adriatic,  with  two  large  and  commodious  har- 
bours. It  carries  on  a  traffic  with  the  Levant  and 
Italy.  Pop.  10,000.  278  m.  E.  by  N.  Rome,  and 
94  S.E.  Spalatro.  Lon.  18°  11' 55"  E.  Lat.  42"  i 
36'30"N. 

Ragusa,  t.  in  the  S.  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Noto, 
28  m.  W.  by  S.  Syracuse.  Lon.  14°  52'  E.  Lat. 
36°  17'  N.     Pop.  20,000. 

Rahapa,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lon.  119°  4'  E.  Lat.  4° 
58'  N. 

i2a/ia<,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  80°  E.  Lat. 
25°  32'  N. 

Rahdunpore,  or  Radonpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat, 
Lon.  71°  45' E.    Lat.  24°  N. 

Rahmanie,  t.  Lower  Egypt,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Nile  with  the  canal  of  Alexandria.  42  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Alexandria. 

Rahna,  r.  which  rises  in  Swedish  Lapland,  and 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  near  the  town  of 
Rahna,  in  Sweden. 

Rahoon,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  4  m.  W.  of  the  Sut- 
telege  river.     Lon.  75"  35'  E.    Lat.  31°  5'  N. 

Rahova,  or  Orava,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania, 
on  the  Danube,  36  m.  W.  Silistria. 

Railway,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  the  river  Rah- 
way,  which  runs  into  Staten  island  sound  4  miles 
below.     Pop.  1,779.     4  m,  S.  W.  Elizabethtown. 

Rai,  r.  Austrian  Italy,  which  issues  from  lake 
St.  Croce,  and  falls  into  the  Piave, 

Rai.     See  Rae. 

Raiatea,  one  of  the  Society  islands,  in  the  South 
Pacific  ocean.  The  London  Society  have  mission- 
aries here.     See  Society  Islands. 

Raibaug,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74°  52'  E. 
Lat.  16°  35' N. 

Rain,  t.  Bavaria,  22  ni.  W.  Ingolstadt,  20  N. 
Augsburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rain,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Save,  26  m.  S. 
S.E.  Cilley. 

Rainangboon,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Irrawuddy.  Lon.  94°  46'  E.  Lat.  20° 
26'  N. 


614 


RAJ 


Rainford,  i.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  N.  by  E. 
Prescot.     Pop.  1,315. 

Rainham,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  3  m.  E.  S.  E.  Chat- 
ham.     Pop.  877. 

Rainham,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie. 

Rainow,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  3  m.  N.  E.  by  E. 
Macclesfield.     Pop.  1,595. 

Rainy  Lake,  lake  on  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  the  British  possessions,  in  48° 
15'  N.  lat.  and  between  92°  and  93°  W,  Ion.  It 
discharges  itself  through  Rainy  lake  river  into  the 
lake  of  the  Woods. 

Raini/  River,  r.  Illinois,  joins  Illinois  river  250 
miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi. 

Rain/,  fort,  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  73°  45'  E. 
Lat.  18"  16'  N. 

Raiseen,  district,  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Raiseen, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  77°  47'  E.  lat.  23°  19'  N. 

Raisin,  r.  Michigan,  which  rises  in  marshes 
near  the  S.  boundary  of  the  Territory,  and  run- 
ning E.  about  60  miles,  flows  into  Lake  Erie  12  m. 
N.  of  Maumee  bay.  It  is  about  oOyards  wide  at  its 
mouth,  and  is  navigable  for  small  craft  7  miles,  to 
Monroe.  Here  are  rapids,  above  which  the  river 
is  navigable  nearly  to  its  source.  The  lands  on 
this  river  have  lately  come  into  notice,  and  settle- 
ments are  rapidly  extending. 

Raisnes,  v.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  3  m.  N. 
Valenciennes.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rajahary,  t.  Bengal,  in  Dacca,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  river  Megna.  Lon.  96"  21'  E.  Lat.  23° 
25'  N. 

Rajahnagur,  t.  Bengal,  in  Dacca,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Ganges.  Lon.  93°  14'  E.  Lat.  23° 
22' N. 

Rajamundroog,  t  and  fort,  Hind,  in  Bejapore, 
at  the  entrance  into  the  river  of  Mirjee,  Lon.  73° 
30'  E.    Lat.  14°  30'  N. 

Rajamundry,  district.  Hind,  in  the  Circars, 
bounded  N.  by  Cicacole,  S.  by  Ellore,  W.  by  the 
territories  of  the  Nizam,  and  E.  by  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal. Rajamundry,  the  capital,  and  the  residence 
of  the  British  civil  establishment,  is  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Godavery.  Lon.  81°  54'  E.  Lat.  16° 
S9'N. 

Raj  Chohan,  district,  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh,  be- 
tween 23°  and  24°  N.  lat.     Chief  town,  Sonehut. 

Raje  Ghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Sopra.  Lon.  76°  27'  E.  Lat.  23° 
56' N. 

Rajeghur,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  Cane  river.  Lon.  80°  5'  E.  Lat.  24° 
44' N. 

Rajemal,  or  RaJemaJial,  district,  Bengal,  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Ganges,  in  about  25°  N.  lat. 

Rqjemahal,  a  very  ancient  city  of  Bengal,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  at  the  foot  of  a  range 
of  hills.    Lon.  97°  53' E.    Lat.  25°  2' N. 

Rajetz,  t.  Hungary,  Poj).  4,400.  116  m.  N.  E. 
Vienna,  Lon.  18°  38'  45"  E.  Lat.  49°  5'  35''  N. 
Near  the  town  are  three  warm  baths. 

Rajka,  or  Rakendorf,  t.  Hungary,  11  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Presburg.     Pop.  2,300. 

Rajoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  80°  E.  Lat. 
19°  56' N. 

Rajoora,  t.  Hind,  in  Aurungabad.  Lon.  77°  15' 
E.    Lat.  18"  38' N. 

Rajpoor,  or  Rajapore,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Be- 
japoor,  on  the  shore  of  tfie  Concan.  Lon.  73°  25' 
E.   Lat.  16"  4.5' N. 

Rajpoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  02"  50'  E. 
Lat.  24"  37' JV. 


RAM 

Rakokte.    See  Rackoke. 

Rakonitz,  one  of  the  sixteen  circles  into  whicii 
Bohemia  is  divided.  Area,  1,060  square  miles. 
Pop.  133,000.  Rakonitz,  the  capital,  is  26  m.  W. 
Prague.    Lon.  13°  56'  E.    Lat.  50°  6'  36"  N. 

Rakosch,  t.  Hungary,  36  m.  S.  S.  E.  Vienna. 

Rakow,  t.  Poland,  62  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cracow. 

Rakoweena,  harbour  on  the  coast  of  Kamts- 
chatka,  in  Avatsha  bay,  3  m.  S.  St.-Peter-and-St.- 
Paul. 

Rakwits,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  33  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Posen.     Pop.  1,200. 

Raleigh,  t.  Kent  co.  Upper  Canada,  extending 
from  Lake  P'rie  to  the  river  Thames. 

Raleigh,  the  capital  of  North  Carolina,  is  in 
Wake  CO.  10  miles  from  the  court-house ;  123  N. 
W.  Newbern,  60  N.  Fayetteville,  24  E.  Chapel 
Hill,  140  S.  S.  W.  Petersburg,  20  N.  W.  Smith- 
field,  the  nearest  point  of  navigation.  It  is  a  beau- 
tiful town ;  and  contains  a  state-house,  theatre, 
bank,  2  academies,  2  houses  of  public  worship, 
and  3  printing  offices.  In  the  centre  of  the  town 
is  Union  Square,  containing  10  acres,  from  which 
extend  4  streets,  which  divide  the  town  into  four 
quarters.  In  the  centre  of  these  quarters  are  4 
other  squares,  of  4  acres  each.  The  four  large 
streets  are  99  feet  wide ;  the  others  66.  The 
state-house  is  a  beautiful  building  of  brick,  102 
feet  long,  56  broad,  and  43  feet  high,  standing  on 
an  elevation  in  the  centre  of  union  square.  A 
space  in  the  state-house  has  been  prepared  for  the 
reception  of  a  superb  statue  of  Washington,  exe- 
cuted by  the  first  artist  in  the  world,  at  the  ex- 
pejise  of  the  state  of  North  Carolina.  Pop.  in 
1816,  1,680,  of  whom  592  were  slaves.  Lon.  78° 
48'  W.    Lat.  35°  44'  N. 

Ralphsville,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  lake  Erie, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Ashtabula,  11  m.  N.  Jefferson, 

Ram,  t.  and  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  Danube, 
opposite  Uj  Palanka,  40  m.  E.  Belgrade. 

Ratn  Head,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  4 
m.  E.  Youghal  bay.  Lon.  7°  44'  W.  Lat.  51°  56' N. 

Ram  Head,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  149°  35'  E.  Lat.  36°  56'  S. 

Rama,  t.  Austrian  Dalmatia,  20  m.  N.  W.  Mo- 
star. 

Rama,  or  Ramla,  t.  Palestine,  in  one  of  the 
most  extensive  and  fertile  districts  of  the  Holy 
Land,  25  m.  W.  N.  W.  Jerusalem. 

Ramada,  or  J^ew  Salamanca,  t.  S.  America,  in 
Santa  iMartha,  90  m.  E.  Santa  Martha.  Lon.  72° 
20'  W.  Lat.  iriO'N. 

Ramagiri/,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77° 33'  E. 
Lat.  12"  44'  N. 

Ramapo,  or  Ringwood,  r.  which  rises  in  New 
York,  and  flowing  into  New  Jersey,  joins  the 
Passaic. 

Ramapo  Works,  p-v.  in  Hampstead,  N.  Y.  on 
Ramapo  river,  containing  extensive  iron  works, 
40  m.  N.  New  York. 

Ramos,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Malabar. 
Lon.  73°  35'  E.  Lat.  15°  10'  N. 

Ramath,  or  Ramoth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  Gilead. 

Rambervillers,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Epinal,  15  N.  W.  St.  Die.     Pop.  4,900. 

Rambla,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  17  m.  S.  by  W. 
Cordova.     Pop.  5,000. 

Rambouillet,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  30 
m.  S.  W.  Paris.     Pop.  2,600. 

Ramdroog,  fort.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lat.  not 
ascertained. 

Rame,  v.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  near  Moimt  Edge- 


R  A  M 


RAN 


QIB 


cvmvb.    Here  is  a  promontory  called  Raiahead. 
Lon.  4"  12'  29"  W.  Lat,  60°  18'  31"  N.     Pop.  978. 

Ramcrgh,  t.  Hind,  in  Hyderabad.  Lon.  79°  32' 
E.  Lat.  18"  31'  N. 

Rameses,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  town  and  country  in 
Lower  Ejcypt.  The  countrj'^  formed  part  of  the 
land  of  Goshen,  and  the  town  of  Rameses  corres- 
ponds with  the  city  Hieropolis. 

Rametia,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  6  m. 
W.  Messina.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rarngerrt/y  t.  and  fort,  India,  in  Malabar,  half 
way  between  the  Malabar  coast  and  Paligaut- 
chery. 

Ramghauf,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  W.  bank 
pf  the  Ganges.  Lon.  78°  22'  E.  Lat.  28°  12'  N. 

Ramgonga,  r.  Hind,  which  falls  into  the  Gan- 
ges, 10  m.  N.  Canouge. 

Ramgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  80"  33'  E. 
Lat.  26"  37' N. 

Ramgur,  district,  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Chief  towns, 
Ramgur,  Chittra,  and  Muckundgunge.  Ramgur, 
the  capital,  is  on  the  N.  bank  of  Dummoodah  riv- 
er. Lon.  85''43'E.  Lat.  23°  38'  N. 

Ramgurry,  fort,  India,  in  Mysore,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Chitteldroog. 

RamilHes,  or  Ramelies,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South 
Brabant.  On  23d  May  1706,  the  allied  forces  un- 
«ler  the  duke  of  Marlborough,  obtained  here  a  sig- 
nal victory  over  the  French.  13  m.  N.  Namur,  26 
S.  E.  Brussels. 

Raniketvm,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  74"  20' 
E.  Lat.  18°  41'  N. 

Ramla.     See  Rama. 

Ramlosa,  v.  Sweden,  in  Schonen,  3  m.  N.  Hel- 
singborg. 

Rammekcns,  fort,  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of 
Walcheren,  on  the  Scheldt,  3i  m.  I'rom  Middle- 
burg. 

Rammisser,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  river  Ghirah  and  Tuptee.  Lon.  75°  21' 
E.  Lat.  21°  4' N. 

Rammisseram  Isle,  isl.  in  the  straits  between 
Hindostan  and  Ceylon,  11  miles  long  by  6  broad. 
It  contains  a  celebrated  temple,  with  an  image  of 
the  demigod  Ram,  and  the  concourse  of  pilgrims 
is  very  great.  Lou.  79°  21'  E.  Lat.  9°  17'  N. 

Ramnad,  t.  Hind,  and  capital  of  a  district  of  the 
same  name,  in  Marawar.  Lon.  78°  49'  E.  Lat.  9° 
24' N. 

Ramnagiir,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Ganges,  opposite  Benares.  Lon.  83°  1' 
E.  Lat.  25°  30'  N. 

Ramnode,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwab.  Lon.  78°  5'  E. 
Lat.  25°  6'  N. 

Ramonchamp,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Mo- 
selle, 11  m.  S.  E.  Remiremont     Pop.  2,400. 

Ramoo,  t.  Bengal,  in  Chittagong,  on  the  high 
road  from  Islamabad  to  Arracan.  Lon.  92°  1 5'  E. 
Lat.  21°  27'  N. 

Ramos,  or  Lamos,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Atlantic,  60  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cape  Formosa. 

Rampoor,  city.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  district  of 
the  same  name,  belonging  to  the  British,  on  the 
Soosey  or  Cossila  river.  Lon.  78°  58'  E.  Lat.  28° 
50'  N. — Ram  being  the  name  of  one  of  the  Hin- 
doo demigods,  there  are  innumerable  places  call- 
ed after  him. 

Ramsay,  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Lewis.  Lon.  6°  36'  W.  Lat.  57°  44'  N. 
Ramsbury,  v.  Eng.  in  Wilts.     Pop.  2,095. 
Ramsden,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  Observatory  inlet, 
Lon.  230°  2'  E.  Lat.  54°  49'  N. 


Ramsey,  t.  Eng.  in  the  isle  of  Man,  16  m.  N. 
Douglas.  Lon.  4°  26'  W.  Lat.  54°  17'  N.  Pop. 
1,610. 

Raimey,  t.  Eng.  in  Huntington  co.  11  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Huntingdon,  69  N.  London.  Lon.0"6'W.  Lat. 
52°  27'  N.  Pop.  2,390. 

Ramsey,  isl.  Wales,  on  the  coast  of  Pembroke- 
shire, 4  m.  S.  S.  W.  St.  David's.  Lon.  6°  20'  W. 
Lat.  51°  53'  N. 

Ramsey'' s  Ferry,  p-v.  Livingston  co.  Ken. 
Ramsgate,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Kent  co.  noted  for 
its  excellent  artificial  harbour,  and  also  as  a  fash- 
ionable resort  for  sea-bathing.  It  is  on  tlie  E. 
coast  of  the  isle  of  Thanet,  between  the  North 
and  South  Forelands,  and  commands  a  delightful 
prospect  of  the  Downs  and  the  British  Channel. 
The  harbour  was  intended  to  afford  security  to 
vessels  in  the  Downs,  that  were  driven  from  their 
moorings  by  stress  of  weather,  many  vessels  hav- 
ing been  lost  for  want  of  this  accommodation.  It 
consists  of  two  immense  piers,  extending  from  the 
coast  about  80O  feet  into  the  sea,  and  bending  to- 
wards each  other,  so  as  nearly  to  approach  and 
inclose  a  circular  area  of  46  acres,  which  forms 
the  harbour.  The  sums  expended  on  it  have 
been  estimated  at  between  600,OOOZ.  and  700,0001. 
5  m.  S.  Margate,  72  E.  London.  Lon.  1°25'  E.  Lat- 
51°  20'  N.     Pop.  in  1811,  4,221. 

Ranai,  or  Oranai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands 
in  the  North  Pacific  ocean,  about  9  m.  W.  Mo- 
wee.  Lon.  155°  W.  Lat.  20°  51'  N. 

Ranakburn  Point,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Kintyre.    Lon.  5°  46'  W,  Lat.  55°  41'  N. 

Rancagua,  province.  Chili,  between  the  rivers 
Maypo  andCachapoal,  and  between  the  Andes  and 
the  sea.  Pop.  12,000.  It  has  mines  of  gold  of 
very  fine  quality.  Rancagua,  the  capital,  also 
called  Santa  Cruz  de  Triana,  is  on  the  river  Ca- 
chapuel,  53  m.  S.  Santiago.  Lon.  70°  42'  W.  Lat. 
34°  18'  S. 

Ranee,  r.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nortt,  which  falls 
into  the  sea,  at  St.  Malo. 

Rancheria,  settlement,  New  Gi-anada,  20  m.  N. 
E.  Hacha.     Lon.  72°  36'  W.  Lat.  11°  N. 

Ranchtria,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  coast  of  V^eragua.  Lon.  82°  16'  W.  Lat.  T 
50' N. 

Ranchos,  fort,  Buenos  Ayres,  55  m.  S.  Buenos 
Ayres.     Lon.  58°  16'  14"  W.  Lat.  35°  30'  30'  S. 

Rancon,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  23  m.  N. 
Limoges.     Pop  2,000. 

Randalstown,  t.  Ireland,  in  Antrim,  4  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Antrim,  38  S.  E.  Londonderry. 

Randans,  t.  France,  in  Auvergne,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Riom.     Pop.  1,100. 

Randazzo,  t.  Sicilv,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  23 
m.  N.  Catania,  38  S.'E.  Messina.  Lon.  15°  4'  E. 
Lat.  37°  57'  N.    Pop.  12,000. 

Randeradf,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  10  m.  N.  W.  Juliers.     Pop.  2,600. 

Randers,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland.  It 
stands  on  the  river  Guden,  near  the  Baltic,  and 
is  the  second  town  in  Jutland.  Vessels  can  come 
within  8  miles  of  the  town.  Pop.  4,600.  23  m. 
E.  Viborg,  20  N.  by  W.  Aarhuus.  Lon.  10°  3'  32' 
E.  Lat.  56°  27'  48''  N. 

Randersacker,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Maine,  2m.S. 
E.  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Randier,  t.  Hind,  in  Gujerat,  opposite  to  Sural, 
on  the  N.  side  of  Tupty  river.  Lon.  73°  3'  E.  Lat. 
21°  16'  N. 

Randinl^l":  "n}-'^^  ■-?.  Lower  Canada,  formed 


616 


RAN 


R  A  S 


by  the  St.  La^vTence,  before  it  spreads  out  into 
lake  St.  Peter. 

Randolph,  p-t.  Orange  co,  Vt.  on  two  branches 
of  White  river,  36  m.  N.  Windsor.  Pop.  2,255. 
The  village  contains  an  academy,  and  a  Congre- 
gational meeting-house.  Here  is  a  large  bed  of 
iron  ore,  and  several  iron  works  are  erected. 

Randolph,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m.  S.Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,170. 

Randolph,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

Randolph,  t.  jMorris  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,271. 

Randolph,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Virginin. 
JPop.  2,854.    Slaves,   111.     Chief  town,  Beverly. 

Randolph,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,112.     Slaves,  799. 

Randolph.     See  Jasper  co.  Geo. 

Randolph,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.W. 
Dayton.     Pop.  936. 

Randolph,  p-t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

Randolph,  co,  Indiana. 

Randolph,  co.  Illinois.  Pop.  7,275.  Cliief  town, 
Kaskaskia. 

Random,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  58  m.  N.  Montpelier. 

Random  Island,  small  isl.  in  Trinity  bay,  near 
the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  53''  40'  W 
Lat.  48"  15'  N. 

Randow,  r.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
which  falls  into  the  Ucker,  3  m.  S.  Uckermunde. 

Rangalore,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  in  Northern  Cir- 
cars.     Lon.  83°  20'  E.  Lat.  18"  20'  N. 

Rangamutty,  district,  Bengal.  Rangamutty, 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  90°  E.  lat.  26°  9'  N. 

Rangamutty,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Bhaggarutty  river.     Lon.  88"  18'  E.    Lat.  24°  N. 

Range,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 

Rangendingen,  v.  Germany,  in  Hohenzollern- 
Hechingen,  7  m.  E.  Hechingen.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rangoon,  city,  and  principal  port  of  the  Bir- 
xnan  empire,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  eastern  branch 
of  the  Irrawuddy  river,  30  miles  from  its  mouth. 
The  population  is  said  to  amount  to  30,000,  com- 
posed of  persons  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  after 
the  Birmans  and  Peguers.  The  native  Portu- 
guese and  Chinese  are  the  most  numerous ;  the 
latter  are  all  carpenters,  and  obtain  employment 
in  the  dock- yards.  The  place  is  extremely  com- 
modious for  the  construction  of  ships.  All  kinds 
«f  European  goods  are  imported  here,  and  a  va- 
riety of  cloths  from  different  parts  of  India ;  also 
tea,  sugar-candy,  and  porcelain  from  China.  The 
exports  are  chiefly  wax,  ivory,  and  timber.  It  is 
the  only  port  in  the  Birman  empire  with  which 
Europeans  are  allowed  to  trade.  The  American 
Baptists  have  employed  two  Missionaries  here, 
but  owing  to  the  opposition  of  the  Birman  govern- 
ment, it  is  supposed  that  they  will  be  obliged  to 
leave  the  country.     Lon.  'dQ"  9'  E.  Lat.  16"  47'  N. 

Ranguana,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
near  the  coast  of  Mexico.  Lon.  88°  52'  W.  Lat. 
16°  25'  N. 

Rankweil,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  1  m.  N. 
Feldkirch.  Lon.  9°  39'  33"  E.  Lat.  47°  15'  15"  N. 
Pop.  900. 

Ranny  Bednore,  t.  Hind.  Lon.  75°  42'  E.  Lat. 
14°  36'  N. 

Rannypore,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  79"  16' 
E.  Lat.'25°  13'  N. 

Ransom^ s  bridge,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 
Rantampore,  t.  and  fort,  Hind,  and  capital  of  a 
district  in  Ajmcer.     Lon.  76°  25'  E.  Lat.  26°  2'  N. 
Ranu'orlh,  v.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  on  the  Bure,  op- 
posite Ludham,  9  m.  from  Norwich. 
Ranzair,  County  of.    See  Barmftad/. 


Ram  VEtape,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Etape  and  the  Meurthe,  34  m. 
S.  E.  Nancy.     Pop.  2,600. 

Rapallo,  t.  Sardinian  states,  at  the  bottom  of  a 
small  gulf,  18  m.  E.  S.  E.  Genoa.     Pop.  2,500. 

Rapel,  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  in  lat.  34°  8'  S. 

Raphoe,  t.  Ireland,  in  Donegal,  21  m.  N.  E.  Do- 
negal, 1 1  S.  W.  Londonderry. 

Raphoe,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,814. 
Raphoe  Point,    cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Dean's  Canal,  on  the  coast  of  New 
Hanover.     Lon.  232°  55'  E.  Lat.  52°  43'  N. 

Rapid  Ajin,  r.  Va.  which  joins  the  Raftpahan- 
nock,  10  m.  above  Fredericksburg. 

Rapid  Plat,  small  isl.  Up.  Canada,  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  in  front  of  Williamsburg. 

Rapid  River,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
Hudson  bay. 

Rapide,  co.  Louisiana,  on  both  sides  of  Red 
river.     Fop.  2,200.    Chief  town,  Alexandria. 

Rapollo,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Basilicata,  55  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Salerno,  84  E.  Naples.  It  is  the  see  of  i. 
bishop. 

Raposo,  r.  S.  America,  in  Popayan,  which  en- 
ters the  Pacific  ocean,  in  the  bay  of  Buenaven- 
tura, lat.  3°  48'  N. 

Rappahannock,  r.  Va.  which  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  running  S.  E.  about  130  miles,  enter? 
Chesapeake  bay  between  Windmill  and  Stingray 
points,  30  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 
It  passes  by  Falmouth,  Fredericksburg,  Port  Roy- 
al, Leeds,  Tappahannock,  and  Urbanna.  It  ha^ 
4  fathoms  water  to  Hobb's  hole,  and  is  navigable 
for  vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  water  to  Freder- 
icksburg, 110  miles  from  its  mouth.  Measures 
have  been  recently  taken  to  improve  the  naviga- 
tion above  Fredericksburg. 

Rappersweil,  t.  Switzerland,  in  St.  Gall,  at  the 
narrowest  part  of  the  lake  of  Zurich,  15  m.  S.  E, 
Zurich,  21  S.  W.  St.  Gall.     Pop.  3,000. 

Rapsiane,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  at  the 

foot  of  Mount  Olympus,  li  m.  from  the  right  bank 

of  the  Peneus,  and  18  from  Larissa.     Pop.  4,000. 

Rarce,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.     Lon.  73"  30'  E. 

Lat.  15°  50'  N. 

Raren,  or  Raron,  v.  Swiss  canton  of  the  Valais, 
21  m.  E.  Sion, 

Raritan,  r.  N.  J.  formed  by  two  branches  which 
unite  in  Somerset  county.  It  rises  a  little  S.  of  E. 
and  passing  by  New  Brunswick  and  Amboy,  falls 
into  Amboy  bay  at  the  south  end  of  Staten  island. 
Sloops  of  80  tons  ascend  to  New  Brunswick,  17 
miles.  It  has  long  been  in  contemplation  to  con- 
nect this  river  with  the  Delaware  by  a  canal. 
See  N'eiv  Jersey. 

Raritan,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Raritan, 
12  m.  N.  W.  Brunswick. 

Ras,  or  Passage  du  Ras,  strait,  on  the  N.  W 
coast  of  France,  between  the  island  of  Sains  ano 
the  mainland,  a  little  S.  of  Brest. 

Ras  el  Khyma,  t.  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  gulf, 
the  capital  of  the  Pirate  coast.  It  stands  on  a 
sandy  peninsula,  and  is  well  fortified.  The  Brit- 
ish destroyed  the  defences  in  1809,  but  they  were 
afterwards  repaired ;  and  a  new  expedition  wa« 
sent  against  the  place  a  few  years  since.  Lon. 
55°30'E.  Lat.  25°  49' N. 

Ras  at  Mahbees,  cape,  Arabia,  in  the  Red  sea 
L3t.  32°  18'  N. 

Ras  Mohammed,  cape,  Arabia,  in  the  Red  sea 
forming  the  S.  point  of  the  promontory  of  Sinai. 


RAT 


R  A  V 


en 


divides  the  head  of  that  sea  into  two  branches. 
Lata?"  54' N. 

Ras  al  J\''ashef,  cape,  Egypt,  in  the  Red  sea. 
Lat.  23°  16'  N. 

Ras  Roitze,  cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Arabia. 
Lat.  21"  55' N. 

Ras  Fire,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia,  form- 
ing the  extremity  of  the  bay  of  Curia  Muria. 
Lat.  17- 25' N. 

Ras  Za/rancj  cape,  Egypt,  in  the  Red  sea,  32 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Suez. 

Rasa,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
17°  8'  S. 

Rasay.    See  Raasay. 

Rasclh,  t.  Bavaria,  2  m.  S.  S.  E.  Altdorf. 

Rascians,  or  Raitzen,  a  numerous  tribe,  of  Scla- 
vonic descent,  inhabiting  the  Bannat,  Sclavonia, 
and  other  parts  of  the  south  of  Hungary. 

Raseb,  al,  fortified  pass  in  the  mountains  of 
Great  Bukharia,  165  m.  E.  Samarcaud. 

Raseborg,  s-p.  Russia,  in  Finland,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Abo. 

Rasiculmo,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon. 
12"49'E.  Lat.  38M8'N. 

Rasnes,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  12  m.  S.  W.  Ar- 
gentan,  23  N.  W.  Alencon.    Pop.  2,200. 

Raspberry  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America.     Lon.  2.30"  3'  E.  Lat.  54"  3'  N. 

Rasselsteirv,  v.  Prussian  states,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  1  m.  from  Neawied. 
It  has  large  iron  works. 

Rassovat,  t.  Ea.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  24  m.  N. 
E.  Dristra.     Lon.  27°  37'  E.  Lat.  44°  25'  N. 

Rasladt,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the  Murg, 
aear  the  Rhine.  It  is  the  cliief  town  of  the  dis- 
trict of  the  Murg,  and  the  seat  of  one  of  the  four 
courts  of  justice  of  the  grand  duchy.  20  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Strasburg.     Pop.  4,200. 

Rastenberg,  t.  Germany,  15  m.  N.  by  E.  Wei- 
mar.    Pop.  900. 

Raslenburg^  t.  East  Prussia,  55  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ko- 
nigsberg.     Pop.  2,200. 

Rastico  Harbor,  Grand,  bay  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
I^awrence,  on  the  N.  coast  oi  the  island  of  St. 
John.     Lon.  62°  50'  VV.  Lat.  46°  25'  N. 

Rastrick,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  ra.  N.  by  W. 
Huddersfield.     Pop.  2,442. 

Raszkow,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  15  m.  W.  by  S. 
Kalisch.     Pop.  900. 

Rat  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Sumatra, 
9  m.  W.  Fort  Marlborough,  Bencoolen.  Lon. 
101°  55'  E.  Lat.  3°  57'  S. 

Ratan,  harbor,  Sweden,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     Lat.  63"  58'  43"  N. 

Ratcliff  on  Soare,  v.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Soare  with  the  Trent, 
8i  m.  S.  W.  Nottingham. 

Ratclifft,  hamlet,  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  2i  m.  E. 
by  S.  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  London,  and  within 
the  bill  of  mortality.     Pop.  6,998. 

Rathcormick,  t.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  12  m.  E. 
Mallow,  14  N.  Cork. 

Ratheim,  t.  Prussian  states,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ju- 
(iers.     Pop.  900. 

Rathtnau,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the 
Havel,  42  m.  W.  Berlin,  43  N.  N.  E.  Magdeburg. 
Pop.  4,100. 

RfUhlin  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lon.  6°  6'  W.  Lat.  52"  20'  N. 

Ratlimines,  v.  Ireland,  1^  m.  fr.  Dublin  ciutle. 

Rnlibor,  t.  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Oder,  which  here  becomes  navigable,  87  m.  S. 
E  Bre-lau.     Pop.  3,500 

78 


Ratiborzicze,  t.  Bohemia,  46  m.  S.-by  E.  Prague* 
Pop.  800. 

Ralisbon,  an  ancient  city  in  the  central  part  of 
Germany,  long  known  as  the  place  of  meeting  for 
the  diet  of  the  empire.  It  is  in  Bavaria,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  the  influx  of  the 
river  Regen,  from  which  its  German  name,  Re- 
gensburg,  is  derived.  The  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants are  Catholics.  It  was  long  the  see  of  au 
archbishop,  but  in  1817,  was  reduced  to  a  bisho- 
pric. 63  m.  N.  N.  E.  Munich,  127  S.  W,  Prague. 
Lon.  12°  3'  23"  E.  Lat.  49°  0'  43"  N.    Pop.  22,000. 

Ratmansdorf,  t.  Austrian  states,  on  the  Save,  32 
m.  S.  Clagenfurt. 

RaloaUi,  t.  Ireland,  in  Meath  co.  12  m.  E.  Trim, 
12  N.  W.  Dublin. 

Raischa,  stroiig  fort,  Austrian  states,  on  an  isl- 
and at  the  confluence  of  the  Drino  and  the  Save, 
53  m.  W.  Belgrade. 

Ratscha^h,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Carniola,  on 
the  Save,  30  m.  E.  Laybach. 

Raltelsdorf,  t.  Bavarian  states,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ilz  and  the  Maine,  9  m.  N.  Bamberg.  Pop. 
900. 

Rattenbers;,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  the  Tyrol,  24 
m.  E.  N.  E.^nnspruck.     Pop.  800. 

Raltingen,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  4  m.  x\,  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3,800. 

Raitolaw,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Gujerat.  Lon.  72°  15' 
E.  Lat.  22"  3'  N. 

Rattray  Head,  promontory,  Scotland,  in  Aber- 
deenshire, 7  m.  E.  Kinnsfrd's  Head,  7  m.  N.  Pe- 
terhead.    Lon.  1"  44'  W.  Lat.  57°  32'  N. 

Ratzehur,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania,  5S 
m.  S.  by  E.  Coslin.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ratzeburg,  principality  in  the  north  of  Ger- 
many, belonging  to  the  grand  duke  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz,  and  adjacent  to  the  territory  of  Lu- 
bec.     Extent,  136  square  miles.     Pop.  11,000. 

Ratzeburg,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  duchy  of  Lauen- 
burg,  on  an  island  in  a  lake  of  the  same  name.  1 1 
m.  S.  by  E.  Lubec.     Pop.  2,000. 

Raizkeve,  or  Raitzenmarkt,  t.  Hungary,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Danube,  17  m.  S.  W.  Buda.  Lon. 
18°58'E.  Lat.  47"  9' 30' 'N. 

Ram,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 38  m.  VV.  Nicopolis,  45  E.  by  S.  Vidin.  Pop 
2,000. 

Rata,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  about 
midway  between  Kerkesiehand  Anna. 

Raucourt,  v.  France,  in  Ardennes,  9  m.  S.  Se- 
dan.    Pop.  1,400. 

Raudnits,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  23  m.  N.N. 
W.  Prague.     Pop.  1,100. 

Ravello,  t.  Naples,  8  m.  W.  Salerno,  22  S.  E.  Na- 
ples.    Pop.  1,700.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Raren,  Point,  the  N.  point  at  the  entrance  into 
Wexford  haven,  Ireland,  4  m.  E.  Wexford.  Lon. 
6°  38'  W.  Lat.  52°  23'  N. 

Ravenna,  a  delegation  or  district  in  the  east  of 
Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  containing  a 
population  of  124,000. 

Ravenna,  a  largo  and  v/ell  known  town,  Italy, 
in  the  States  of  the  Church,  in  a  marshy  district, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Montone.  It  once  had  a. 
considerable  port,  but  it  is  now  filled  up  with 
mud,  which  has  accumulated  to  such  a  degree, 
that  the  city  is  now  three  or  four  miles  from  the 
sea.  It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  resi- 
dence of  a  papal  legate.  40  m.  E.  Bologna,  70 
N.  E.  Florence.  Lon.  12"  Iff  E.  Lat  44°  SS'  N. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Ravenna,  p-t.  and  cap.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  th^ 


.018 


KAY 


Cuyahoga,  35  m.  S.  E.  Cleveland,  140  N.  E.  Co- 
lumbus.    Here  is  a  woollen  manufactory. 

Rave7isberg,  a  county  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
which  now  forms  part  of  the  government  of  Min- 
den.    Area,  670  square  miles.    Pop.  90,000. 

Ravemburg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  21  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Constance.     Pop.  3,300. 

Ravenglass,  t.  England,  in  Cumberland,  at  the 
mouths  of  the  Irt  and  the  Esk,  24  m.  S.  Cocker- 
mouth. 

Ravenstein,  t.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
on  the  Maese,  4  m.  N.  W.  Grave,  18  E.  N.  E. 
BoisleDuc.    Pop.  1,500. 

Ravenstondale,  v.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  5  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Kirkby  Stephen. 

Ravey,  the  Hydraotes  of  the  Greeks,  r.  Hind, 
•which  rises  in  Cashmere,  and  running  S.  W.  pas- 
ses Lahore,  and  joins  the  Indus,  20  m.  below 
Moultan,  after  a  course  of  500  miles. 

Ravieres,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  12  m.  S.E.  Ton- 
uerre,  30  E.  by  S.  Auxerre.     Pop.  1,100, 

RavUpandy,  t.  Hind,  in  Punjab,  about  halfway 
between  the  Indus  and  the  Jhylum  or  Hydaspes 
rivers.     Lat.  not  ascertained. 

Ravitz,  or  Rawitsch,  fortified  t.  Prussian  Poland, 
near  the  confines  of  Silesia.  Pop.  8,000,  of  whom 
1,200  are  Jews.     55  m.  S.  Posen. 

Raujeshy,  extensive  and  valuable  district  of 
Bengal,  between  the  24°  and  25"  N.  lat.  intersect- 
ed in  its  whole  length  by  the  Ganges. 

Ravmo,  or  Ranieac,  s-p.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Finland, 
on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  53  m.  N.  by  W.  Abo. 
Lon.  2r  27'  5"  E.  Lat.  68"  8'  N.    Pop.  1,700. 

Rauris,  t.  Austria,  35  m.  S.  Salzburg.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Rausckenberg,  t.  Gerntany,  in  the  electorate  of 
Hesse,  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Marburg,  38  S.  S.  W.  Cas- 
iel.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rawa,  t.  Poland,  40  m.  S.  W.  W^arsaw.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Rawaady  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore.  Lon.  72°  12'  E. 
Lat.  33°  5'  N. 

Rawak,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  off  the 
N.  coast  of  W^aygiou.  Lon.  131°  15'  E.  Lat.  0" 
3'N. 

Rawankrad,  lake  in  the  mountains  of  Thibet, 
which  gives  rise  to  the  river  Suttelege. 

Raway.     See  Rahway. 

Rawcliffe,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  E.  by  N. 
Snaith.     Pop.  1,143. 

Rawdon,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  N.  E.  by  N. 
Bradford.     Pop.  1,450. 

Rawdon,  t.  Leiuster  co.  Lower  Canada,  34  m. 
N.  Montreal. 

Rawdon,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  40  m.  from  Halilax. 

Rawson,  t.  Hastings  co.  Upper  Canada,  W.  of 
Kingston. 

Rawsonsville,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 

Ray,  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Newfoundland. 
Lon.  59°  W^  Lat.  47°  32'  N. 

Raybaugh,  district,  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Ray- 
faaugh,  the  capital,  is  in  lon.  75°  E.  lat.  16°  46'  N. 

Raymond,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  24  m.  N. 
Portland.    Pop.  826. 

Raymond,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  21  m.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  898. 

Rayne,  or  Rain,  Old,  t.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire, 24  m.  W.  N.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Raynham,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  Taunton  river, 
3  m.  E.  Taunton,  32  S.  Boston.  Pop.  1,154.  Iron 
ore  of  excellent  quality  is  found  here,  and  bar 
iron,  hollow  ware,  n^uls,  &c.  arc  manufactured' 


R  E  C 

The  first  forge  set  up  in  America,  was  erected  a* 
this  place  in  1652,  by  James  and  Henry  Leonard; 
natives  of  England. 

Razo,  Cape.     See  Race,  Cape. 

Razor  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Brazil. 
12  m.  S.  Rio  Janeiro. 

Re,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  France,  opposite 
La  Rochelle,  12  miles  long  and  3  broad.  Pop. 
17,000.     Lon.  1°  33'  W.  Lat.  46°  14'  N. 

Rea,  r.  Eng.  in  Worcester  and  Staffordshire?, 
which  runs  into  the  Tame,  near  Yarnton  Hall. 

Reach,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  N.  E.  of 
York. 

Readjield,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  7  m.  W. 
Augusta.     Pop.  1,396. 

Reading,  borough  t.  Eng.  and  cap.  of  Berk- 
shire, on  the  Kennet,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Thames.  It  is  advantageously  situated  for  trade, 
and  exports  20,000  sacks  of  flour  annually  to  tlie 
metropolis.  Pop.  12,000.  8  m.  S.  Henley-on- 
Thames,  39  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  38'  W.  Lat 
51°27'N. 

Reading,  i.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  9  m.  W.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,565. 

Reading,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N. 
Boston.  Pop.  including  South  Reading,  2,228. 
Large  quantities  of  shoes  are  manufactured  here. 

Reading,  South,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  1 1  m. 
N.  Boston.  It  was  formed  from  part  of  Reading, 
in  1812. 

Reading,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  60  m.  S.  W. 
Hartford.     Pop.  1,717. 

Reading,  p-t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Seneca  lake,  23  m.  N.  E.  Bath.     Pop.  1,210. 

Reading,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.     Pop.  732. 

Reading,  p-t.  and  cap.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  tlic 
Schuylkill,  54  m.  N.  W.  Philadelphia,  44  S.  W. 
Bethlehem,  31  N.  E.  Lancaster,  54  E.  Harris- 
burg.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  regularly  laid  out, 
and  inhabited  chiefly  by  Germans ;  and  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  an  elegant  church  for  German 
Lutherans,  a  church  for  Calvinists,  one  for  Ro- 
man Catholics,  and  one  for  Friends.  In  the  vi- 
cinity are  several  fine  mill  seats,  and  the  town  is 
famous  for  the  manufacture  of  hats.     Pop.  3,462 

Reading,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

Reading,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  789. 

Reading,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Reading,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  Somer- 
set, the  county  seat. 

Readington,  or  Riddenton,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N. 
J.  17  m.  N.  W.  New  Brunswick.     Pop.  1,797. 

Readsborough,  p-t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

Readyville,  p-t.  Ruthei-ford  co.  Ten. 

Reah,  t.  Syria,  36  m.  S.  S.  W.  Aleppo. 

Realejo,  t.  Guatimala,  in  Nicaragua,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Pacific  ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  both 
of  the  same  name,  18  m.  N.  W.  Leon.  Lou.  87' 
60' W.  Lat.  12°  45' N. 

Realejo,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  oi"  Popayan.     Lat.  4°  16'  N. 

Realmoni,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  S.  Albi,  14 
N.  Castres.     Pop.  2,300. 

Realville,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and-Garonne,  on 
the  Aveyron,  9  m.  N.  E.  Montauban.    Pop.  2,500. 

Reamstown,  p-v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Reaume,  fief,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  53  m.  N.  E.  Quebec- 

Rebais,  t.  France,  in  Seine- and-Mame,  9  m. 
N.  E.  Coulommiers.    Pop.  1,300. 

Recanali,  (an.  Recinelum,)  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ec- 
clesiastical State?,  near  the  Musone,  4  m.  S.  W. 


RED 


RED 


61S 


Loretto,  13  S.  Ancona.    Lon.  13°  31'  E.    Lat.  43° 
25'  N.    Pop.  4,000. 

Recco,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  sea  coast,  10  m. 
j  E.  S.  E.  Genoa.     Pop.  2,000. 
j      Recey  sur  Ource^  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  36  m. 
i  ??.  W.  Dijon.     Pop.  800. 

I       Reche,  t.  Eng.  in  Cambridgeshire,  5i  m.  W.  by 
y..  Newmarket. 

Rechecourf,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  12  m.  S.  W. 
I  Sarreburg,20  N.E.  Luneville.     Pop.  1,000. 

Recherche  Jlrchipelago,  islands,  stretching  about 
,  126  miles  along  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland,  be- 
'  tween  33°  and  34"  S.  lat. 

\       Rechnits,  t.  Hungary,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Guntz. 
i  Pop.  2,200. 

Rechieren,  See  Speckfeld. 
I  Recife.  See  Perna7)ibuco. 
j      Recinetum.     See  Recanati. 

Reckem,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  8  m.  N. 
Maestricht.     Pop.  900. 

Reckenberg,  t  Saxony,  23  m.  S.  W.  Dresden, 
17  S.  S.E.Freyberg. 
1       ReckenitZf  r,  Germany,  which  forms  the  boun- 
I  dary  between  Mecklenburg  and  Pomerania,  and 
j  falls,  at  Daragard,  into  a  lake  which  communi- 
cates with  the  Baltic. 
Reckhcim.     See  Reckem. 

Recklinghausen,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the  Lippe, 
\  29  m.  S.  VV.  Munster.  Pop.  1,200.  The  county 
I  has  an  area  of  264  square  nules,  with  27,000  in- 
I  habitants. 

'       RecoarOy  v.  Austrian  Italy,  22  m.  N.  by  W.  Vc- 
!  rona. 

I       Recreation  Island,   isl.  in  the   Pacific  ocean. 
I  Lon.  148°  W.  Lat.  16°  S. 
I       Rectortoivn,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Reculrer,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  8  m.  N.  E.  Canter- 
bury,    Pop.  266. 

Red  Bank,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.     Pop.  943. 
Red  Bank,  fort,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
river  Delaware,  7  m.  S.  Philadelphia. 
Red  Bank,  p-v.  Colleton  district,  S.  C. 
Red  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  56"  10'  W.  Lat.  51°  50'  N. 

Red  Bluff,  p-v.  Claiborne  co.  Mississippi. 
i       Red  Cedar  Lake.     See  Cedar  Lake,  (Red). 
'       Red  Deer  Lake,  a  lake  of  North  America.  Lon. 
1 12°  W.  Lat.  55°  10'  N. 

Red  Deer  River,  r.  North  America,  which  has 
its  source  in  Etawwemah  lake,  and  empties  itself 
into  the  N.  end  of  Little  Winnipeg  lake.  On  this 
river  the  North-west  fur  company  have  a  fort. 

Red  Head,  promontorv,  of  Scotland,  in  Angus- 
shire.     Lon.  2°  26'  W.  Lat.  56"  33'  N. 

Red  Hook,  p-v.  in  Rhinebeck,  Dutchess  co.  N. 
''f .  on  the  Hudson,  47  m.  S.  Albany. 
Red  House,  p-v.  Caswell  co.  N.  C. 
Red  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  55°  50'  W.  Lat.  43°  45'  N. 

Red  Island,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
!and.     Lon.  59°  10' W,  Lat.  48"  35'  N. 

Red  Lake,  lake  N.  W.  Territory,  one  of  the 
-ources  of  Red  river.  It  is  about  60  miles  in  cir- 
»;umference.     Lon.  95°  W,  Lat.  48°  N. 

Red  Lion,  hundred,  Newcastle  co.  Del.  Pop. 
J!16. 

Red  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon,  150°  56'  7 "  E.  Lat.  34°  33'  S. 

Red  River,  r.  N.  America,  formed  by  two  bran- 
ches which  rise  near  the  sources  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. The  eastern  branch  issues  from  Red  lake, 
find  running  west  about  150  miles,  receives  the 
other  branch  from  the  south.    The  united  stream 


then  flows  north  more  than  100  miles,  and  re- 
ceives the  Assinniboin  from  the  west,  after  which  it 
runs  N.  E.  about  70  miles,  and  falls  into  lake  Win- 
nipeg at  its  southern  extremity.  At  the  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Assinniboin  and 
Red  river,  in  lat.  49°  40'  N.  and  lon.  98°  W.  is  a 
trading  establishment  formed  by  Lord  Selkirk,  in 
1812.  It  consists  of  about  300  families,  Scotch  and 
Germans,  who  can  furnish  600  men  capable  oX 
bearing  arms.  A  fort  has  been  erected  and  fur- 
nished with  20  cannon.  There  is  another  settle- 
ment of  about  50  families,  mostly  of  mixed  blood, 
with  two  French  Catholic  priests,  on  Red  river, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Pembanon,  within  the  limits 
of  the  U.  States,  about  15  miles  south  of  the  line. 

Red  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  Uta- 
was,  60  m.  W,  Montreal. 

Red  River,  r.  which  rises  in  Kentucky,  and  runs 
into  the  Cumberland  in  Tennessee,  a  little  below 
Clarksville,  after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Red  River,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  W.  and  joins 
Kentucky  river,  9  m.  above  Boonsborough. 

Red  River,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises  in  the 
Rocky  iMountains,  in  about  lon.  106°  W.  and  lat. 
37°  N.  and  after  a  S.  E.  course  of  more  than  1200 
miles,  falls  into  the  Mississippi  in  about  lat.  31°  N. 
The  navigation  is  interrupted  in  several  places  by 
trees  which  have  floated  down  in  immense  num- 
bers, and  choked  up  the  channel. 

Red  River,  Little,  r.  Arkansaw  Territory,  which 
falls  into  the  W.  side  of  Wachitta,  200  m.  above 
its  mouth.     It  is  navigable  300  miles. 

Red  Sea,  an  extensive  gulf,  dividing  Arabiafrom 
Africa.  It  is  1,400  miles  long,  and  extends  from 
12°  to  30°  N.  lat.  The  navigation  is  very  difficult 
and  dangerous,  being  almost  constantly  obstructed 
by  reefs  and  coral  rocks.  The  harboui's  are  also 
few  in  number.  The  principal  are,  Suez  at  its 
northern  extremity ;  Cosseir,  Souakin,  and  Mas- 
suah,  on  the  western  shores ;  and  Yambo,  the 
port  of  Medina,  Comfodah,  Mocha,  Loheia,  and 
Hodeida  on  the  eastern  or  Arabian  side. 

Red  Shoal,  p-v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C. 

Redburn,  v.  Eng.  in  Hertfordshire,  17  m.  W, 
by  N.  Hertford.     Pop.  1,333. 

Reddish,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4i  m.  S.  E.  by 
S.  Manchester.     Pop.  532. 

Reddygoodum,  t.  Hind,  in  Circars.  Lon.  80°  41' 
E,  Lat.  16"  53'  N. 

Redes,  r.  S.  America,  which  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  Darien,  in  lon.  76°  40'  W.  lat.  7°  57'  N. 

Redjield,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  35  m.  N.  Rome, 
148  N,  W.  Albany.     Pop.  362. 

Redford,  East.     See  Retford. 

Redinha,  t.  Portugal,  15  m.  S.  by  E.  Coimbra, 
Pop.  2,000. 

Rednitz,  r.  Germany,  which  is  joined  by  the 
Pegnitz,  near  Furth,  and  forms  tlie  Regnitz.  See 
Regnilz. 

Redon,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and-Vilaine,  on  the 
Vilaine,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Oust,  and  where 
it  becomes  navigable  for  vessels  of  considerable 
size.  Pop.  4,000.  Redon  is  an  entrepot  for  the 
merchandise  of  Rennes.  33  m.  E.  V^annes,  40  S. 
VV.  Rennes.  Lon.  2°  5'  W.  Lat.  47°  49'  N. 

Redondesco,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m.  W.  Man- 
tua, 21  E.  by  N.  Cremona. 

Redondillo,  or  Redondela,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia, 
on  the  bay  of  Vigos,  47  m.  W.  S.  W.  Orense,  20 
N.  Tuy.     Pop.  1,200. 

Redondo,  or  0  Redondo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tejo,  14  m.  E.  N.  E.  Evora.    Pop.  2,700. 


&20  REG 

Reehndo,  rock  between  Monlserat  and  Nevis, 
Carribee  islands.  Lon.  61°  35'  W.  Lat,  17"  6'  N. 

Redorulo,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  S.  America. 
Lat  43°  S. 

Redruth,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  in  the  midst  of 
rich  tin  and  copper  mines.  9  m.  W.  Truro.  Lon. 
5°  W  W.  Lat.  50°  12' N.  Pop.  5,903. 

Redstone,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa,     Pop.  1,224. 

Reedsborough,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.     Pop.  410. 

Reedstoivn.     See  Strong. 

Reedy  Island,  isl.  in  the  river  Delaware,  3  miles 
long,  but  narrow,  50  ra.  below  Philadelphia,  20 
from  Bombay  Hook.  There  is  a  secure  harbour 
at  Port  Penn,  immediately  opposite,  on  the 
Delaware  shore,  where  piers  have  been  erected 
by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  The  principal 
channel  is  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island. 

Reedy  River.    See  Saluda. 

Rmf  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  50  m. 
W.  Sumatra,  Lon.  101°  3'  E.  Lat.  4°  S. 

Reef  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  122°  48'  E.  Lat  0° 
8'N. 

Reel  Foot,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  about  35  m.  S.  of  the  Ohio. 

Reepfuim,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  on  the  river  Eyre, 
11  m,  N.  E.  Dereham,  112  N.  byE.  London.  Pop. 
299.  ^ 

Rees,  t.  Prussian  states,  near  the  Rhine,  11  m. 
E.  Cleves.  Lon.  6°  22' 34"  E.  Lat  51°  45' 55"  N. 
Pop.  2,300. 

Refah,  t  Egypt,  18  m.  N.E.  El  Arish. 

Rega,  r,  Germany,  which  forms  the  bouadary 
between  Brandenburg  and  Pomerania,  and  falls 
into  the  Baltic  near  Treptow. 

Regan,  t.  Kerman,  in  Persia,  89  m.  E.  Bumm. 

Regana,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  ol' Majorca.  Lon. 
2°42'E.  Lat  39°  23' N. 

Regen,  r.  Germany,  which  unites  with  the  Lit- 
tle Regen,  and  falls  into  the  Danube,  near  Ratis- 
bon. 

Regen,  Circle  of  the,  province,  Bavaria,  adja- 
cent to  Bohemia.  Area,  3,800  square  miles.  Pop. 
358,000,  of  whom  the  great  majority  are  Catho- 
lics. Ratisbon  and  Amberg  are  the  principal 
towns. 

Regen,  t.  Bavaria,  49  m.  E.  by  S.  Ratisbon,  29 
N.  N.  W.  Passau.     Pop.  1,000. 

Regensberg,  t.  Switz.  7  ra.  N.  Zurich. 

Regenstaxif,  t.  Bavaria,  9  m.  N.  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Regent's  town,  a  town  of  liberated  negroes  in 
W.  Africa,  in  the  colony  of  Sierra  Leone.  It  was 
set  apart  in  1813  for  the  reception  of  negroes  de- 
livered from  slave-ships  by  the  English  cruisers. 
In  1819,  the  number  amounted  to  l,177,from  more 
than  20  different  tribes,  some  of  them  barbarous 
to  an  astonishing  degree.  Under  the  instructions 
however  of  a  misssionary  from  the  Church  Mis- 
sionary Society,  they  have  become  civilized,  in- 
dustrious, and  orderly  in  their  behavior.  A  large 
stone  church  has  been  built,  a  congregation  of 
1,000  or  1,200  negroes,  from  the  town  and  neigh- 
borhood, is  usually  collected  on  the  Sabbath,  of 
which  250  are  regular  communicants.  The 
schools  contain  upwards  of  500  scholars,  and  the 
christianized  negroes  have  formed  a  missionary 
society,  and  contributed  to  its  funds  in  one  year 
^133  from  their  scanty  earnings. 

Regenwaide,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the 
wver  Rega,  31  m,  N.  N.  E.  Stargard.  Pop.  1,100. 

Reggie,  Regium  Julii,  t.  Naples,  and  cap.  of 
Calabria  Ultra,  on  the  Faro  di  Messina,  or  strait 


R  E  I 

which  separates  Sicily  from  the  mainland.  It  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop.  6  m.  S.  E.  Messina  in 
Sicily,  33  N.  by  W.  Nicotera.  Lon.  16°  53'  E.  Lat 
38°  6'  N.     Pop.  16,500. 

Reggio,  (an.  Regium  Lepide,)  t.  Italy,  capital  of 
a  small  duchy  of  the  same  name,  belonging  to  the 
duchy  of  Modena.  It  is  on  the  river  Tessone,  and 
is  surrounded  with  a  rampart.  It  was  the  birth- 
place of  Ariosto.  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Modena,  15 
S.  E.  Parma.  Lon.  10°  38'  E.  Lat.  44°  41'  N.  Pop, 
13,000, 

Reggiolo,  t,  Austrian  Italy,  1 1  m,  S,  Mantua. 

Regis,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Pleiss,  18  ra.  S.  Leipsic. 

Regnitz,  r.  Bavaria,  which  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Rednitz  and  Pegnitz,  at  Furth, 
and  falls  into  the  Maine,  below  Bamberg. 

Regny,  t.  France,  12  m.  S.  E.  Roanne.  Pop, 
1,450. 

Regya,  r.  Algiers,  which  falls  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 16  m.  E.  Algiers. 

Reliau,  t.  Bavarian  States,  9  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hoff. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Rehburg,  t.  Hanover,  21  m.  W.  by  N.  Hano- 
ver.    Pop.  1,200. 

Rehda,  t.  Prussian  States,  25  m.  W.  N.  W.  Pa- 
derborn.     Pop.  1,200. 

Reher,  district.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Reher,  for- 
merly the  capital,  is  in  lon.  78°  44'  E.  lat  29° 
23' N. 

Rehna,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
18  m.  E.  by  S.  Lubeck.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rehob,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  in 
the  valley  at  the  foot  of  mount  Lebanon. 

Rehoboth,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Assyria,  en  the  Eu- 
phrates, between  Cercusium  and  Ana. 

Rehoboth,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Seekhonk,  15  m.  W.  Taunton,  37  S.  W.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  4,866. 

Rehoboth,  hundred,  Sussex  co.  Delaware. 

Reichelsheim,  t.  Germany,  18  m.  N.  E.  Nassau. 
Pop.  800. 

Reichenau,  hi,  in  the  lake  of  Constance,  be- 
longing to  Baden.     Pop.  1,400. 

Reichenau,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  4  m. 
S.  VV^  Camenz.     Pop.  3,200. 

Reichenau,  or  Richnow,  t.  Bohemia,  18  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Konigingratz.     Pop.  3,300. 

Reichenbach,  one  of  the  four  governments  into 
which  PrussianSilesia  was  divided  in  1815.  Area, 
2,500  square  miles.     Pop.  470,000. 

Reichenbach,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, is  1 1  m.  S.  E.  Schweidnite,  30  S.  W, 
Breslau.  Lon.  16°  36'  E.  Lat.  50°  39'  N.  Pop. 
3,300. 

Reichenbach,  t.  Saxony,  13  m.  N.  N.  E.  Plauen. 
Pop.  3,300. 

Reichenberg,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Neisse.  It  is 
the  largest  and  most  thriving  town  of  Bohemia,  af- 
ter Prague.  The  value  of  the  woollen,  linen, 
and  stockings,  annually  made,  is  estimated  at  more 
than  half  a  million  sterling.  52  m.  N.  N.  E.  Prague. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Reichenhall,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Sala,  65  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Munich,  11  S.  S.  W.  Salzburg.  It  has  exten- 
sive salt-works. 

Reichenstein,  t.  Prussian  States,  6  ra.  E.  Glatz. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Reichenstein,  Lower,  t.  Bohemia,  3  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Berg-Reichenstein. 

Reichenstein,  Upper.     See  Berg-Reichenstein. 

Reichenweyer,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  6  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Colmar,  9  S.  S.  W.  Schelestadt  Pop. 
1,750. 


REM 


REP 


621 


Reichshoferiy  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  27  m. 
N.  Strasburg.     Fop.  1,600. 

Reicfistadt,  t.  Bohemia,  40  m.  N.  N.  E.  Prague. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Reichsthal,  t  Prussian  States,  34  m.  E.  Breslau, 
Pop.  1,000. 

Reid's  store,  p-v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

Reid'i  store,  p-v.  Moore  co.  N.  C. 

Reiffnitz,  or  Ribenza,  t.  Austrian  States,  in 
Carniola,  4  m.  N.  VV.  Gottschee. 

Reigate.     See  Ryegate. 

Reignier,  t.  Sardinian  States,  9  m.  S.  E.  Gene- 
va.    Pop.  1,300. 

Reikianess,  Cape,  promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Iceland.  Lon.  22"  47'  W.  Lat.  63"  55'  N. 

Reillane,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  14  m.  E. 
Apt     Pop.  1,300. 

Reims.     See  Rheims. 

Rein,  t.  Prussian  Lithuania,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ras- 
tenburg.     Pop.  1,300. 

Reinath,  t.  Switz.  5  m.  S.  Bale. 

Reiners,  t.  Prussian  States,  12  m.  W.  Glatz. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Reinsberg,  or  Rkynesberg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 12  m.  N.  by  E.  New  Ruppin,  45  N.  N. 
W.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,700. 

Reismarkt,  or  Szerdahely,  t.  Transylvania,  32 
m.  W.  Hermannstadt. 

Reissen,  or  Rydzyn,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  43  m. 
S.  by  E.  Posen.     Pop.  1,300. 

Reistertown,  p-t.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  15  m.  N. 
W.  Baltimore. 

Reith,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10  m.  W.  by  S. 
Richmond.     Pop.  1,394. 

Reitti,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  6  m.  S.  Fus- 
?eu  Bavaria. 

Rejoicing,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash between  Fort  Harrison  and  Tippecanoe. 

Reka,  r.  Austrian  Illyria,  which  falls  into  the 
gulfof  Quarnero,  at  Fiume. 

Rekek,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  128° 
40'  E.  Lat.  r  33'  S. 

Rekham.     See  Arrakan. 

Remalard,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  15  m.  S.  E.  Mor- 
tagne.     Pop.  1,700. 

Rembertston,  p-t.  Sumpler  district,  S.  C. 

Remedies,  city.  New  Granada,  89  m.  N.  W. 
Santa  Fe.  Lon.  75°  10'  W.  Lat.  5°  42'  N. 

Remedies,  J^uestra  Senora  de  las,  city.  New 
Granada,  cap.  of  the  province  of  the  Rio  del  Ha- 
cha.  73  m.  E.  by  N.  Santa  Martha,  104  N.  W. 
Maracaibo.  Lon.  72"  55'  W.  Lat.  11°  30'  N. 

Remich,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Moselle,  12  m. 
E,  by  S.  Luxemburg.     Pop.  1,600. 

Remiremont,  t  France,  on  the  Moselle,  14  m. 
S.  E.  Epinal.     Pop.  4,000. 

Remissau,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  2  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Glauchau. 

Remney,  or  Rumney,  r.  Wales,  which  falls  in- 
to the  Severn  a  little  below  Cardiff. 

Remont,  or  Romont,  t.  Switz.  11  m.  S.  W.  Fri- 
burg. 

Remoulim,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Nimes.    Pop.  800. 

Rems,  r.  Wirtemberg,  which  runs  into  the 
Neckar,  4  m.  N.  W.  Waiblingen. 

Rems  and  Fils,  one  of  the  twelve  departments 
of  the  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg.  Area,  540  square 
miles.     Pop.  126,000.     Chief  town,  Goppingen. 

Remscheid,  v.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  in  the  government  of  Dusseldorf.  The  vil- 
lage is  small,  but  the  population  of  the  environs 


exceeds  7,000.  It  is  one  of  the  chief  manufactur- 
ing places  in  Westphalia,  its  hardware  being  well 
known  throughout  the  north  of  Germany.  2  m. 
S.  W.  Lennep. 

Remsen,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
35  m.  N.  Rome,  107  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  489. 

Renaison,  t.  France,  in  Rhone-and-Loirc,  6  m« 
W.  Roanne.     Pop.  1,700. 

Renaix,  or  Roiise,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders, 
7  m.  S.  Oudenarde,  22  S.  by  W.  Ghent.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Renapore,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad.  Lon.  76°  55' 
E.  Lat.  10"20'N. 

Renchen,  t.  Baden,  10  m.  E.  Strasburg,  4  N.  W. 
Oberkirch.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rendezvous,  Island  of,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean, 
near  the  N.  coast  of  Kerguelen's  Land. 

Rendezvous  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras. Lon.  88°  40'  W.  Lat.  16°  59'  N. 

Rendsburg,  t.  Denmark,  50  m.  N.  Hamburgh, 
on  the  Eyder,  at  its  junction  with  the  Kiel.  Pop. 
4,500.     Its  chief  manufacture  is  of  pottery. 

Renfrew,  a  county  of  Scotland,  bounded  E.  by 
Lanarkshire,  S.  by  Ayrshire,  and  on  the  remain- 
ing sides  by  the  frith  of  Clyde.  Extent,  241  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  92,596. 

Renfrew,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Renfrew 
CO.  6  m.  W.  Glasgow,  3  N.  Paisley.     Pop.  1,500. 

Reninghe,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  8 
m.  N.  by  W.  Ypres.     Pop.  2,000. 

Renkum,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  8  m. 
W.  Arnheim.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rennes,  t.  France,  cap.  of  the  lUe  and  Vilaine, 
is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  these  two  rivers.  It  has  a  small  univer- 
sity, an  academy,  college  royal,  a  school  of  medi- 
cine and  surgery,  and  a  drawing  school.  The 
manufactures  consist  of  sailcloth,  blankets,  hats, 
thread,  stockings,  gloves,  hardware,  all  of  which 
are  exported.  80  m.  N.  Nantes,  220  W.  Paris. 
Lon.  r  36'  W.  Lat.  48°  7'  N.  Pop.  25,904. 

Reno,  r.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
which  falls  into  the  Po,  opposite  to  Ferrara. 

Rensselaer,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Washing- 
ton CO.  E.  by  Vermont  and  Massachusetts,  S.  by- 
Columbia  CO.  and  W.  by  the  Hudson.  Pop. 
36,388.     Chief  towns,  Troy  and  Lansingburgh. 

Rensselaer,  v.  in  Berlin,  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
An  extensive  manufactory  of  window  glass  was 
established  here  in  1805,  12  m.  E.  Albany. 

RensselaerviUe,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  S. 
W.  Albany.     Pop.  5,928. 

Rentena,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  3  m.  E.  S.  E. 
St.  Sebastian. 

Renly,  t.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Aa, 
14  m;  S.  W.  St.  Omer's. 

Renwez,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  8  m.  S.  by  E- 
Rocroy.     Pop.  1,200. 

Reny,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  near  the 
confluence  of  the  Pruth  and  the  Danube,  35  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Ismail. 

Reolle,  t.  France,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ga- 
ronne, 34  m.  S.  E.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  3,800. 

Reounzeik,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Irrawuddy  river.  Lon.  95°  25'  E.  Lat.  17" 
45'  N. 

Reparo,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat. 
29°  23'  S. 

Reposo,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat. 
19"  36'  S. 

Reppen,  t.  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  10  m.  E. 
Frankfort  on  the  Oder.     Pop .  2,300. 

Repsypv  Kohalom-Szek,  district,  Transylvania. 


B^2 


RET 


Area,  210  square  miles.  Pop.  26,000,  Reps, 
or  Kohalom,  the  chief  place,  is  16  m.  N.  P'ogaras. 

Repton,  V.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  4  m.  N.  E.  Bur- 
ton on  Trent.     Pop.  1,648. 

Repulse  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca. Lon.85°  W.  Lat.  66°  40'  N. 

Repulse  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  148"  33'  W.  Lat.  20°  36'  S. 

Requena,  t.  Spain,  in  Cuenca,  41  m.  W.  by  N. 
Valencia.     Pop.  6,000. 

Requisal,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  20  m.  W.  by 
N.  St.  Afrique,  24  S.  Rhodez.     Pop.  3,000. 

Resen,  in  Sac.  Geo*,  a  town  of  Assyria. 

i?es/id,  t.  Persia,  capital  of  Ghilan,  on  the  Cas- 
jaan.  Lon.  49"  50'  E.  Lat.  37°  20'  N. 

Resina,  t.  Italy,  built  partly  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Herculaneum,  5  m.  E.  Naples.  Pop. 
7,800. 

Resolution  Island,  one  of  the  Society  islands, 
about  4  miles  long.  Lon.  141°  39'  W.  Lat.  17° 
24'  S. 

Resolution  Island,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  60 
miles  in  circumference,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  en- 
trance into  Hudson's  straits.  Lon.  65°  W.  Lat. 
61°  40'  N. 

Resoulalmd,  t.  Hind,  in  Agra.  Lon.  79°  47'  E. 
Lat.  26°  38' N. 

Ressund,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  22  m.  S.  E. 
Ostersund. 

Restoration,  small  isl.  off  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lat.  12°  39'  S. 

Restoration  Core,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Burke's  canal.  Lon.  127° 40'  W.  Lat. 
52°  1'  N. 

Retford,  or  Redford,  East,  borough,  Eng.  in 
Nottingham  co.  on  the  Idle,  30  m.  N.  Nottingham, 
144  N.  by  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  56'  VV.  Lat.  53° 
18'  N.     Pop.  2,030. 

Rethel,  or  Retel  Mazarin,  t.  France,  in  Arden- 
nes, on  the  Aisne,  24  m.  N.  E.  Rheims.  Lon.  4° 
27'  E.  Lat.  49°  50'  N.     Pop.  4,900. 

Rethem,  t.  Germany,  in  Hanover,  on  the  river 
AUer,  32  m.  N.  N.  W.  Hanover.     Pop.  1,000. 

Reiiers,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  20  m.  S. 
W.  Vitre,  21  S.  E.  Rennes.  Pop.  3,000. 

Retimo,  or  Rhetsmo,  s-p.  Turkey,  in  the  island 
of  Candia,  on  the  N.  coast,  about  40  m.  W.  of  the 
town  of  Candia.  Lon.  24°  2 1'  E.  Lat.  35°  20'  N. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Reiorbio,  t.  Sardinian  States,  17  m.  S.  W.  Pa- 
via. 

Retpoorah,  t.  Hind,  in  Berar.  Lon.  78°  21'  E. 
Lat.  21°  19'  N. 

Retreat,  Point,  point  of  land  in  Lynn's  canal, 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  225°  12'  E. 
Lat.  58°  24'  N. 

Retteg,  t.  Transylvania,  35  m.  N.  by  E.  Clau- 
senburg. 

Rettenbach,  v.  Bavaria,  4  m.  E.  Ottobeuren. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Rcttins;hery,  t.  India,  in  Mysore.  Lon.  77°  4'  E. 
Lat.  14°  5'  N. 

Retmari,  isl.  of  the  gulf  of  Finland,  on  the  S.  E. 
extremity  of  which  the  town  of  Cronstadt  is  built. 

Reiz,  t.  Bavaria,  26  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
900. 

Retz,  Reetz,  or  Reckau,  t.  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 59  m.  N.  N.  E.  Custrin.     Pop.  1,400. 

Rets,  or  Roets,  t.  Austrian  States,  on  the  Theya, 
44  m.  N.  N.  W.  Vienna.     Pop.  2,200. 

Retzat,  circle,  Bavaria,  to  the  N.  of  the  Dan- 
ube. Area,  3,400  square  miles.  Pop.  520,000, 
partly  Catholics,  but  more  Lutherans.    Tlie  can- 


RE  Y 

ital  is  Anspach,  but  the  largest  town,  Nurem- 
berg. 

Retsstatt,  t.  Bavaria,  5  ra.  S.  S.  E.  Carlstadt. 
Pop.  900. 

Revel,  or  Kolyvan,  the  capital  of  Estbonia,  iu 
Russia,  is  on  a  small  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Finland.' 
It  has  an  excellent  harbour,  well  secured  against 
all  winds,  and  well  defended  by  fortifications- 
The  exports  consist  of  corn,  timber,  hemp,  and 
spirituous  liquors  from  the  interior.  The  imports 
are  salt,  sugar,  coffee,  and  Britisli  manufactures. 
200  m.  W.  St.  Petersburgh,  180  VV.  by  N.  Riga. 
Lon.  24°  39'  E.  Lat.  59°  26'  N.     Pop.  13,000. 

Revel,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Toulouse.     Pop.  3,800. 

Reiello,  t  Piedmont,  9  m.  N.  W.  Saluzzo.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Revere,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Milanese,  on  the 
Po,  15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Mantua.     Pop.  3,200. 

Revigny  aux  Vaches,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  on 
the  Ornain,  9  m.  N.  VV.  Bar  sur  Ornain.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Revilla  Gigedo,  Island  of,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
N.  America,  50  miles  long,  and  25  broad.  Lon. 
130°  27'  to  131°  15'  W.  Lat.  55°  6'  to  55°  55'  N. 

Reuilly,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  12  m.  N.  E.  Issou- 
dun,  20  W.  Bourges.     Pop.  1,700. 

Revin,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse,  6 
m.  N.  by  E,  Rocroy.     Pop.  1 ,800. 

Reus,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  miles  from  tli  e 
sea.  It  carries  on  a  brisk  trade,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  silk,  cottons,  leather,  hats,  as  well  as  of 
brandy  and  liquors.  8  m.  W.  Tarragona.  Pop. 
20,000. 

Reuss,  a  principality  of  the  interior  of  Germa- 
ny, divided  into  two  parts,  Reuss-Greitz,  and 
Reuss-Lobenstein,  belonging  to  different  branches 
of  the  family  of  Reuss.  Tifiey  contain  together 
600  square  miles.  The  religion  is  Lutheran. 
Reuss-Greitz  borders  on  the  Prussian  territories, 
and  contains  only  154  square  miles,  and  22,255  in- 
habitants, with  a  revenue  of  13,000^.  sterling. 
Greitz  or  Graitz  is  the  chief  town.  Reuss  Loben- 
stein  borders  on  the  Bavarian  territories,  and 
contains  446  square  miles,  £2,205  inhabitants, 
and  a  revenue  of  29,000/.  sterling.  The  principal 
town  is  Gera. 

Reuss,  r.  Switz.  which  rises  in  Mount  St.  Go- 
thard,  passes  by  Lucerne,  and  falls  into  the  Aar, 
near  Bruck. 

Reutlingen,  t.  Germany,  in  Wirtemberg,  on 
the  Echetz,  19  m.  S.  by  E.  Stutgard.     Pop.  8,300. 

Revucra,  t.  Hungary,  13  m.  N.  Neusohl.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Rewah,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad.  Lon.  81°  25'  E, 
Lat.  24°  27' N. 

Reuary,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  76°  42'  E. 
Lat.  28°  13'  N. 

Rey.     See  Rae. 

Rey,  one  of  the  Pearl  islands,  in  the  bay  of  Pa- 
nama, 20  miles  long  and  10  or  11  wide.  Lon.  79° 
46'  W.  Lat.  8°  N. 

Reyde,  fort,  Netherlands,  in  Groningen,  at  the 
entrance  of(  the  Dollart,  opposite  Embden,  7  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Delfzyl. 

Reyes,  city  of  New  Granada,  72  m.  S.  Santa 
Martha.    Lon.  73°  50'  W.  Lat.  10°  6'  N. 

Reyes,  city  of  the  Caraccas,  in  V-'enezuela,  40 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Caraccas.  -  Lon,  67°  19'  W.  Lat.  9° 
57' N. 

Reyes,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  at 
the  entrance  of  Port  Desire.     Lat.  47°  50"  S. 


R  H  E 


R  H  I 


623 


Reynoldshurg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Humphreys  co. 
Ten. 

Reynosuy  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  m.  N.  W. 
Friars.     Pop.  1,500. 

Reys,  Point,  or  Cape  de  los  Reys,  promontory 
on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  237°  24' 
E.  Lat.  38"  36'  N. 

Rezat.     See  Rttzat. 

Resbach,  t.  Bavarian  States,  on  the  Maine,  8  m. 
N.Wurzburg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Rhai/ader,  or  Rhayadergwy,t.  Wales,  in  Radnor 
CO.  18  in.  N.  W.  Radnor.     Pop.  446. 

Rhea,  CO.  East  Tennessee,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river  Tennessee.  Pop.  2,304,  including  214 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Washington. 

Rheden,  or  Rkeeden,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  5  m.  W.  Doesburg,  6  E.  N.  E.  Arnheim. 
Pop.  3,400. 

Rheenen,  or  Rhcnen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Utrecht, 
near  the  Rhine,  14  m.  W.  Arnheim,  22  S.  E. 
Utrecht.      Pop.  2,200. 

RJiegium.     See  Reggio. 

Rhedit,  or  Rheyd,t  Prussian  province  of  Cleves- 
and-Berg,  2  m.  E.  Gladbach.    Pop.  3,600. 

Rheims,  or  Reims,  derived  from  Remi,  city  in 
the  N.  E.  of  France,  in  Marne,  on  the  small  river 
Vesle.  It  is  surrounded  with  a  ditch  and  earthen 
mound,  but  tlie  remaining  fortifications  of  the  city 
were  levelled  in  1812.  The  cathedral  is  a  vast 
Gothic  edifice  of  the  12th  century,  and  one  ol"  the 
finest  specimens  of  that  kind  of  architecture  in 
France.  A  university,  founded  here  in  1547,  is 
now  replaced  by  a  royal  college.  The  arch- 
bishop of  this  ancient  city  is  the  primate  of  the 
kingdom.  The  chief  manufactures  are  of  cottons 
and  woollens ;  also  of  hats  and  stockings.  26  in.  N. 
N.  W.  Chalons  sur  Marne,  100  E.  by  N.  Paris. 
Lon.  4'^  6'  E.  Lat.  49"  16'  N.     Pop  38,000. 

Rheinau,  t.  Switz.  in  Thurgau,  5  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Schaffhausen.     Pop.  800. 

Rheina-Wolbeck,  a  small  principality  of  Ger- 
many, subject  since  1815,  to  Prussia  and  Hano- 
ver. It  lies  along  the  W.  side  of  the  Ems,  and 
has  an  area  of  256  square  miles,  with  10,000  in- 
habitants. 

Rhei7ibach,  or  Rhynbach,  t.  Prussian  province 
ot  Cleves-and-Berg,  20  m.  S.  Cologne.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Rheinbergen,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Cleves,  8  m. 
S.  Wesel.     Pop.  1,700. 

Rhein-Bischoffsheim.     See  Bischofsheim. 

Rheineck,  t.  Switz.  in  St,  Gall,  on  the  Rhine, 
8  m.  S.  W.  Bregnetz,  24  E.  S.  E.  Constance. 

Rheinfelden,  t.  Switz.  on  the  Rhine,  9  m.  E. 
Bale.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rheinfels,  or  Rhinfeh,  fort,  Prussian  grand 
duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  an  island  in  the 
Lower  Rhine,  at  St.  Goar,  between  Coblentz  and 
Bacharach. 

Rheingau,  or  Rhingau,  district  of  Germany,  in 
the  duchy  of  Nassau,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Rhine, 
about  12  miles  long  and  4  broad. 

Rheiruiu,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  5  m.  S. 
Strasburg.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rheinihal,  i.  e.  the  Valley  of  the  Rhine,  a  dis- 
trict of  the  Swiss  canton  of  St.  Gall,  lying  along 
the  Rhine,  from  the  lake  of  Constance  to  the  lord- 
ship of  Sax.     It  is  16  miles  long,  and  4  broad. 

Rheinsabern,  t.  France,  in  the  Lower  Rhine,  8 
m.  S.  E.  Landau.  15  N.  E.  Weissenberg.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Rhe.nst,  or  Rers,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the 
Tlhine,  5  m,  ?.  Coblentz.     Fop.  1,000. 


Rhieneck,  principality  of  the  Bavarian  States. 
Area,  24  square  miles.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rhine,  the  greatest  river  in  Europe,  after  the 
Danube  and  the  Wolga,  rises  in  Switzerland,  on 
the  N.  E.  side  of  Mount  St.  Gothard.  Flowing  to 
the  east,  it  passes  the  Grison  town  of  Coire  or 
Chur,  when  it  becomes  navigable,  and  then  holds 
a  northern  course  to  the  lake  of  Constance.  Issu- 
ing from  the  lake  with  a  copious  current,  the 
Rhine  flows  to  the  west,  and  receives  the  Aar,  the 
Reuss,  and  the  Limmat,  whose  united  stream 
brings  the  tributary  waters  of  the  west  and  centre 
of  Switzerland.  At  Bale,  it  takes  a  northern  di- 
rection, and  receives  several  rivers,  of  which  the 
chief  are  the  Neckar  and  Maine  on  the  side  of 
Germany,  and  the  Moselle  on  that  of  France.  Con- 
tinuing its  course  to  the  N.  it  enters  the  kingdom 
of  the  Netherlands,  and  turning  to  the  W.  divides 
into  two  great  branches,  of  which  the  southern 
takes  the  name  of  Waal,  receives  the  Maese,  be- 
comes like  an  arm  of  the  sea,  and  flows  into  the 
German  ocean  by  Dort,  Rotterdam,  and  William- 
stadt.  The  northern,  or  less  considerable  branch, 
is  farther  divided,  first  above,  and  afterwards  be- 
low Arnheim  ;  and  the  name  of  Rhine  is  finally 
retained  by  a  small  slow  flowing  water,  which 
passes  Utrecht  and  Leyden  in  its  way  to  the  sea, 
or  rather  to  the  sands  near  Catwyk.  From  its 
source  to  Mentz,  this  great  river  is  called  the  Up- 
per Rhine,  and  from  Mentz  to  Holland,  the  Lower 
Rhine.  Its  length  is  about  700  miles,  and  is  nav- 
igable with  a  few  interuptions,  from  Coire  in  the 
Grisons,  to  the  German  ocean.  Of  late,  (1820,) 
steam  boats  have  been  employed  in  the  navigation 
of  the  river. 

Rhine,  Circle  of,  a  province  subject  to  Bavaria, 
at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  rest  of  that 
monarchy,  being  situated  W.  of  the  Rhine,  be- 
tween Weissemberg  on  the  S.  and  Worms  on  the 
N.  Its  form  is  compact.  Area,  1,800  square 
miles.  Pop.  308,000,  of  whom  the  majority  are 
Catholics.  It  contains  mines  of  iron,  quicksilver, 
coal,  and  extensive  pastures.  The  chief  town^ 
are  Landau,  and  Deux  Ponts. 

Rhine,  a  province  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse, 
situated  N.  of  the  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine. 
Area,  1,000  square  miles.     Pop.  155,000. 

Rhine,  Confederation  of,  a  short  lived  associa- 
tion, entered  into  by  several  German  princes,  in 
1806,  by  which  they  separated  themselves  from 
the  empire,  and  formed  a  new  political  compact, 
under  the  protection  of  France.  The  original 
parties  to  this  league  were — Bavaria,  Wirtem- 
burg,  Baden,  Berg,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Nassau  and 
some  smaller  states.  To  these  were  afterwards  ad- 
ded Saxony, Westphalia,  Mecklenburg,  and  all  thr 
lesser  princes  of  the  Wf^st  and  north  of  Germany. 

Rhine,  Louver,  province  of  the  Prussian  State?, 
composed  of  territories  taken  in  1814,  from  France 
and  the  grand  duchy  of  Berg,  and  assigned  to 
Prussia  by  the  congress  of  Vienna.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  the  Prussian  province  of  Cleves  and  Berg, 
E.  by  Nassau  and  Hesse  Darmstadt,  S.  by  France, 
and  W.  by  Netherlands.  It  lies  on  both  sides  ot 
the  Rhine,  between  49"  20'  and  51°  8'  N.  lat.  hav- 
ingau  area  of  5,700 sq.  miles,  and  950,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

Rhine,  Circle  of  the  Lower,  formerly  one  of  the 
ten  circles  of  the  German  empire,  now  divided 
among  the  states  of  Baden,  Bavaria,  Hesse-Darm- 
stadt,  Nassau,  Prussia,  and  Hanover. 

Rhine,  Circle  of  the  Upper,  formerly  a  circle  oi 
the  German  empire,  now  divided  among  Bavaris 


624 


R  H  O 


Hesse-Cassel,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  other  states. 

Rhme,Loicer,{Bas  Rhin,)  department  in  tlie  E. 
of  France,  lying  between  the  Rhine  and  the  Vos- 
ges  mountains.  Area,  1,900  square  miles.  Pop. 
nearly  440,000. 

Rhine,  Upper,  {Haul  Rhin,)  department  in  the 
E.  of  France,  lying  directly  S.  of  the  department 
of  Lower  Rhine.  Extent,  1,700  square  miles. 
Pop.  320,000,  all  of  whom  are  of  German  de- 
scent. 

Rhineheck,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 18  m.  N.  Poughkeepsie,  67  S.  Albany.  Pop. 
4,486.  It  contains  3  churches  for  Dutch  Reform- 
ed and  a  Methodist  church.  In  this  town  is  the 
village  of  Redhook.  There  are  4  landings  on  the 
river  in  Rhinebeck.  Here  is  a  remarkable  cav- 
ern. 

RJio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  8  m.  W.  Milan. 

Rhode  Island,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N. 
and  E.  by  Massachueetts ;  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  Connecticut.  It  is  49  miles  long  from  N. 
to  S.  and  on  its  northern  boundary,  29  broad,  and 
contains  1,580  square  miles.  Lon.  IV  6'  to  71"  52' 
W.  Lat.  41°  17'  to  42"  N.  Pop.  in  1790,  68,825  ; 
in  1800,  69,122 ;  in  1810, 76,931  ;  in  1820,  83,059, 
or  52  for  each  square  mile. 

The  northern  part  of  the  State  is  hilly,  and  has 
a  thin  and  barren  soil ;  the  rest  of  the  state  is 
chiefly  level.  The  islands  and  the  country  bor- 
dering on  Narraganset  bay  arc  very  fertile,  and 
celebrated  for  their  fine  cattle,  and  numerous 
flocks  of  sheep. 

Common  schools  are  not  supported  by  law  in 
Rhode-Isiand,  as  in  the  other  New-England 
States.  Academies,  however,  are  established  in 
all  the  principal  towns,  and  private  schools  are 
maintained  during  the  winter  months  in  almost 
every  part  of  the  State,  The  Baptists  are  much 
the  most  numerous  religious  denomination.  The 
number  of  Baptist  congregations  is  57  ;  of  Friends, 
18;  Congregationalists,  11;  Episcopalians,  5; 
Moravians,  1  ;  Jews,  1. 

The  Legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  10  mem- 
bers, and  a  house  of  representatives  of  72  mem- 
bers. The  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  and 
senators  are  chosen  annually ;  the  representatives, 
twice  a  year,  in  April  and  August. 

In  no  State  in  the  Union  is  so  large  a  proportion 
of  the  population  and  capital  employed  in  manufac- 
turing as  in  Rhode-Island.  The  principal  article 
is  cotton  goods,  which  are  manufactured  in  large 
quantities  in  Providence  and  the  vicinity.  There 
are  now  more  than  90  cotton  mills  in  the  State, 
many  of  which  are  extensive  establishments.  The 
other  manufactures  are  woollen  goods,  iron,  ar- 
dent spirits,  &c.  The  value  of  the  manufactures 
in  1810,  was  $4,106,074.  The  exports  in  1820, 
amounted  to  $1,072,762,  of  which  nearly  one  half 
was  foreign  produce.  The  amount  of  shi|>ping  in 
1819,  was  39,044  tons.  The  amount  of  d  uties  on 
foreign  merchandize  in  1815,  was  $233,024. 
There  were  in  1819,  33  banks  in  this  State  ;  7 
at  Providence,  5  at  Newport,  5  at  Bristol,  3  at 
Smithfield,  2  at  Westerly,  and  1  each  at  Warren, 
Pawtucket,  Pawtuxet,  Cranston,  Gloucester, 
Burrilville,  Scituate,  Coventry,  Greenwich, 
Wickford,  and  South-Kingston. 

Rhode  Island,  isl.  from  which  the  above  State 
takes  its  name,  is  in  Narraganset  bay.  It  is  15 
miles  long,  and  on  an  average  3^  broad,  contain- 
ing about  50  square  miles.  Its  climate  and  soil 
are  delightful  ;    The  pnnimpr«  are    remarkably 


RH  Q 

pleasant,  and  the  winters  milder  than  on  tlie  6&ii' 
tinent.  It  is  a  noted  resort  for  invalids  from 
southern  climates.  Travellers  have  called  it  the 
Eden  of  America. 

Rhode  River,  r.  N,  Carolina,  which  runs  into 
the  N.  W,  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Rhodes,  an  extensive  island  of  the  Mediterrane- 
an, near  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor.  In  ancient 
times,  it  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the 
states  of  Greece,  and  distinguished  above  all  oth- 
ers by  its  wealth,  commerce,  and  naval  power. 
After  the  death  of  Alexander,  it  appeared  in  its 
full  glory,  and  not  only  dazzled  the  world  by  its 
magnificence,  but  became  illustrious  by  its  war- 
like exploits.  This  celebrated  island  is  now  re- 
duced by  the  oppression  of  the  Porte,  and  the  ar- 
bitrary exactions  of  its  governors,  to  a  state  of  the 
most  wretched  poverty.  The  climate  is  delight- 
ful, and  the  soil  fertile  and  well  watered,  but  the 
oppression  of  the  pacha,  and  the  insecurity  ol" 
property,  have  rendered  these  gifts  of  nature  of  no 
avail,  and  though  it  might  become  the  granary  ol' 
the  neighbouring  islands,  it  is  now  obliged  to  im- 
port a  considerable  proportion  of  the  grain  which 
it  consumes.  The  population  is  estimated  by  Sa- 
vary  at  7,300  families,  of  whom  4,700  are  Turks, 
2,500  Greeks,  and  100  Jews,  in  all  about  36,500 
souls  ;  but  Turner,  a  more  recent  traveller  redu- 
ces the  number  to  20,000. 

Rhodes,  a  city,  and  capital  of  the  island  of  the 
same  name,  presents  few  vestiges  of  its  ancient 
grandeur.  Statues,  colossi,  and  paintings,  have 
all  been  destroyed  or  removed.  There  are  no  re- 
mains of  its  magnificent  temples  and  spacious  por- 
ticos. The  inhabitants  consist  of  5,000  Turks, 
and  1,000  Jews,  no  Greeks  being  allowed  to  set- 
tle in  the  city.  One  half  of  the  houses  in  the  city 
are  in  ruins,  and  one  half  of  those  in  the  suburbs 
uninhabited.  Rhodes  has  two  good  harbours, 
separated  only  by  a  mole.  The  two  extremities 
are  defended  by  towers,  distant  800  feetfrom  each 
other  ;  while  in  the  centre  of  the  mole  there  is  a 
square  tower,  120  feet  high.  Lon.  28"  12'  15"  E. 
Lat.  36°  26'  N. 

Rhodez,  or  Rodes,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Aveyron, 
32  m.  N.  N.  E.  Alby,  70  N.  E.  Toulouse.  Lon, 
2°  34'  E.  Lat.  44°  21'  N.     Pop.  6,500. 

Rhodina.    See  Contessa,  Gulf  of. 

Rhodosio.     See  Rodosto. 

Rhoe,  Mickle,  one  of  the  Shetland  isles,  on  the 
S.  of  the  mainland.   It  is  24miles  in  circumference. 

Rhone,  a  great  river  which  rises  in  the  centre 
of  Switzerland,  only  5  miles  from  the  source  of  the 
Rhine,  and  flowing  west,  rolls  its  turbid  waters  in- 
to the  transparent  lake  of  Geneva.  Issuing  from 
that  lake,  the  Rhone  flows  S.  forming  the  bounda- 
ry between  France  and  Savoy,  after  wliich  it 
turns  to  the  west  and  north,  unti)  reaching  Lyons, 
where  it  is  joined  by  the  Saone.  It  then  turns  to 
the  south,  and  discharges  itself,  by  three  mouths, 
into  the  part  of  the  Mediterranean  called  the  gulf 
of  Lyons,  after  an  entire  course  of  500  miles.  'The 
navigation  down  its  stream  takes  place  with  great 
ease  ;  but  the  upward  navigation  can  be  perlbrm- 
ed  only  by  draught  or  steam, 

Rhone,  department  in  the  S.  E.  of  France, 
bounded  by  the  departments  of  the  Saone-and- 
Loire,  the  Ain,  the  Isere,  and  the  Loire.  Extent, 
1 ,050  square  miles.  Pop.  330,000.  Lyons  is  the 
capital. 

Rhone,Mou(hs  of  the,  (Bouches  du  Rhone,)  a  de- 
partment in  the  S.  E.  of  France,  bounded  by  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  departments  of  the  Gard, 


R  I  C 

Vaucluie,  and  Var.     Extent,  about  2,000  square 
miles.     Pop.  293,000.     Marseilles  is  the  capital. 

I  Rhotas,  district,  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Rhotas,  the 
capital,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Jhylum  or  Hydas- 

\  pes  river.    Lon.  72°  55'  E.  Lat.  31° 55'  N. 

!       Rkotas,  or  Rotasgur,  fort,  Hind,  in  Bahar,  on 

)  the  top  of  a  table  mountain,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Soane.     Lon.  83"  58' E.  Lat.  24"  38' N. 

Rhuddlan,  v.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  in  the  vale 

I  of  Clwyd.     Its  castle  was  once  a  place  of  great 
strength.     3  m.  from  Dissert.    Pop.  831. 
Rhudtn.     See  Ruthen. 

i       Riaca,  or  Riaza,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the 

i  Douro,  at  Roa. 

i       Rians,  t.  France,  in  Var,  24  m.  N.  W.  Brig- 

,  xiolles,  36  N.  W.  Toulon.     Pop.  3,200. 

Riao,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  25  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Lon.  128°  2'  E.  Lat.  2"  25'  N. 

Riazan,  government,  Eu.  Russia,  lying  S.  of 
Vladimir,  and  E.  of  Moscow,  extending  from  lat. 
53°  40'  to  55°  N.  Area,  above  13,000  square 
miles.     Pop.  about  1,000,000. 

Riazan,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  is 
on  the  Oka,  123  m.  S.  S.  E.  Moscow.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Greek  bishop.     Pop.  5,000. 

Riba,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  Tormes,  6  m.  E. 

!  a.  E.  Salamanca. 

j      Riba  de  Sella,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  on  the 

I  coast  of  the  Atlantic,  40  m.  E.  N.  E.  Oviedo. 

!      Ribadavia,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  Minho, 

j  45  m.  S.  S.  E.  Santiago.     Pop.  2,400. 

j      Ribadeo,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  18  m.  N.  E.  Mon- 

j  tJonedo.     Pop.  2,000. 

I      Ribblc,  r.  Eng.  whicji  falls  into  the  Irish  sea  be- 

f  iow  Preston. 

j      Ribchester,  v.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5h  m.  N.  N. 

1  W.  Blackburn.     Pop.  2,762. 

;  Ribe,  Ripen,  or  Rypen,  t.  Denmark,  on  the  W^. 
coast  of  Jutland,  80  m.  S.  Wiborg,  120  N.  Ham- 
burgh.    Lon.  8°  46'  E,  Lat.  55°  21'  N.      Pop. 

!  2,600. 

Ribeauviller,  or  Rappolsweiler,  t.  France,  in 
Upper  Rhine,  7  m.  S.  W.  Schelestadt,  9  N.  by  W. 

iColmar.    Pop.  4,700. 

i     Riberia  Grande.     See  St.  Jago. 

1     Riremont,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  m.  S.  E.  St. 

1  Quetin,  21  N.  W.  Laon.      Pop.  2,400. 

j     Ribenza.     See  Reiffnitz. 

\     Riberac,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  20  m.  W.  by 

In.  Perigueux.     Pop.  3,000. 

j     Ribiers,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Alps,  4  m.  N.  W, 

!Si:iteron.     Pop.  1,300. 

I  Riblah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  on  the  N.  border  of 
'Palestine,  in  the  province  of  Hamath. 

S  Ribnik,  t.  Prussian  States,  13  m.  E.  Ratibor,  21 
JN  Teschen.     Pop.  1,400. 

II  Ribnik,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Walachia,  100  m.  S. 
Jassay,  112  W.  Ismael.  Lon.  27°  4' E.  Lat.  45° 
36' N. 

Ribnik,  t.  Eu.  Turkey  in  Walachia,  on  the 
Aluta,  44  m.  S.  Hermanstadt,  180  S.  W.  Jassy. 
jLon.  24°  8'E.  Lat.  45°  19'  N. 
J     Ribnilz,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 

F'r,  on  abay  of  the  Baltic,  12  m.  N.  E.  Rostock, 
cp.  1,900. 
1  Rihtoa,  V.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  4  m.  E.  Work- 
I  in;?ton,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Derwent. 
j  Rica,  Villa,  city  of  Chili,  66  m.  from  the  Pacif- 
'i  c  ocean,  66  N.  E.  Valdivia.  Lon.  72°  8'  W.  Lat. 
39' 9' S. 

Riceia,  t.  Naples,  jn  Molise.  15  m.  E.  Bojano. 
Pop.  4,300, 


79 


R  I  C 


625 


Rice,  Lake,  lake  of  Canada,  6  m.  N.  Lake  On- 
tario, with  a  portage  between  them. 

Riceborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Liberty  co.  Georgin, 
on  Newport  river,  which  is  navigable  for  sloops 
to  this  place.    32  m.  S.  Savannah. 

Riceys,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  8  m.  S.  Bar-, 
sur-seine,  26  S.  E .  Troyes.     Pop.  4,000. 

Richard^s  creek,  r.  Indiana,  which  enters  the 
Wabash  on  the  N.  side,  160  m.  above  Vincennes. 

Richborough,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  the  famous  Ru- 
tupium  of  the  Romans.  The  ruins  of  its  castle  af- 
ford a  more  perfect  specimen  of  Roman  architec- 
ture, than  exists  any  where  else  in  Britain.  2  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Sandwich. 

Richelieu,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  35  m. 
S.  W.  Tours.     Pop.  3,200. 

Richelieu,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Richelieu  Islands,  islands  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  S.  W.  entrance  of  Lake  St.  Peter, 
nearly  100  in  number.  Lon.  71°  7'  W.  Lat.  4^ 
52' N. 

Richelieu  river.    See  Sorel. 

Richenburg,  t.  Bohemia,  10  m.  S.  E.  Chrudim. 

Richenveir.     See  Reichenweyer. 

Richfield,  p-t.  Otsego  co,  N.  Y.  13  m.  N.  W, 
Cooperstown,  72  W.  Albany.     Pop.  2,079. 

Richfidd,t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand  river. 
5  m.  S.  W.  Jefferson. 

Richford,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Missisque  river, 
44  m.  N.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  442. 

Richhill,  t.  Green  co.  Pa.    Pop.  716. 

Richhill,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Zanesville. 

Richland,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio, 55  m.  N.  W.  Utica.     Pop.  947. 

Richland,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,317. 

Richland,  t.  Venango  co.  Pa.     Pop.  434. 

Richland,  district,  in  the  central  part  of  S.  C, 
Pop.  9,027,  including  5,238  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Columbia. 

Richland,  r.  Tennessee,  which  joins  Ellc  river, 
after  a  course  of  70  miles.  It  is  navigable  12 
miles  to  Pulaski. 

Richland,  p-v.  Giles  co.  Ten. 

Richland,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop, 
in  1815,  3,000.     Chief  town,  Mansfield. 

Richland,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
3,000.  In  this  town  is  St.  Clairsville,  the  county 
seat. 

Richland,  t.  Clinton  co.Ohio,  7  m.  E.  Wilming- 
ton.    Pop.  783. 

Richland,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  E, 
Lancaster.    Pop.  614. 

Richland,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Cambridge.     Pop.  227. 

Richlieu,  or  Chambly.     See  Sorel  River. 

Richmah's  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  3  m.  N.  Portland. 

Richmond,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Thames,  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its 
scenery,  and  for  being  the  seat  of  a  royal  palace 
during  several  centuries.  It  has  an  observatory, 
and  the  rich  scenery  of  Richmond  and  its  vicinity 
has  attracted  a  number  of  families  of  distinction, 
whose  seats  render  the  village  and  neighbourhood 
remarkably  gay  and  splendid.  9  m.  W.  S.  W. 
London.     Pop.  5,219. 

Richmond,  borough  t.  Eng,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  on  a  lofty  eminence,  on  tlie  N.  bank 
of  the  Swale.  The  town  is  on  the  N.  declivity  oi 
the  hill,  and  the  castle  crowns  the  summit. 
The  chief  trade  is  corn  and  lead.    40  m,  N.  W. 


626 


R  I  C 


R  I  D 


York.    Lon.IMS'W.    Lat.  54"  24^\.  Pop.3,05(j. 

Richmond^  t.  Uppei-  Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario, 
W.  of  Kingston. 

Richmond,  t  Gaspe  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Cha- 
leur  bay. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  V't.  on  Onion 
river,  13  m.  S.  E.  Burlington.     Pop.  935. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  47  m.  S.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,290. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Mass.  7  m.  W.  Lenox, 
130  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,041. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Rhode  Island, 
30  m,  S.  Providence.     Pop.  1,330. 

Richmond,  co.  N.  Y.  comprises  Staten  island. 
Pop.  5,347.     Chief  town,  Southfield. 

Richrwnd,  Ibrmerly  Honeoy,  t.  Ontario  co.  N. 
Y.  16  m.  S.  W.  Canandaigua,  232  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  1,372. 

Richmond,  v.  in  Southfield,  N.  Y.  in  which  are 
the  county  buildings,  [t  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  and  2  churches.     12  m.  S.  New  York. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  971. 

Richmond,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Westmore- 
land CO.  N.  E.  by  Westmoreland  and  Northum- 
berland cos.  S.  E.  by  Lancaster  co.  and  S.  W.  by 
Rappahannock.  Pop.  6,214.  Slaves,  3,178.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Richmond,  the  metropolis  of  Virginia,  is  in  Hen- 
rico CO.  on  the  N.  side  of  James  river,  immedi- 
ately below  the  falls,  and  directly  opposite  Man- 
chester, with  which  it  is  connected  by  two  bridges. 
The  situation  is  healthy,  as  well  as  highly  pictu- 
resque and  beautiful.  A  part  of  the  city  is  built  on 
the  margin  of  the  river;  the  rest  upon  Shockoe  hill, 
which  overlooks  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  and 
commands  an  extensive  and  delightful  prospect  of 
the  river  and  adjacent  country. 

Richmond  is  finely  situated  for  a  commercial 
and  manufacturing  city,  being  at  the  head  of  tide 
■water,  and  having  an  extensive  back  country, 
abounding  with  tobacco,  wheat,  and  coal.  The 
James  river  company  have  rendered  the  river 
navigable  for  batteaux  for  220  miles  above  the 
city.  The  canal  around  the  Great  Falls  com- 
mences about  7  miles  above  the  city,  and  the  whole 
descent  to  the  basin  on  Shockoe  hill  is  43  feet. 
The  basin  is  within  the  city,  covering  a  space  of 
several  acres,  and  around  it  are  coal  yards,  lumber 
houses,  and  landing  places  for  the  produce  brought 
down  the  river.  The  descent  from  the  basin  to  tide 
water  is  about  80  feet,  and  is  effected  by  13  locks. 
The  cost  and  expenses  of  the  canal  to  the  end  of  the 
year  1815,  have  been  estimated  at  $374,290;  the 
tolls  received,  up  to  the  same  period,  $390,060 ; 
and  the  dividends,  $152,000.  On  the  canal  are 
numerous  mill-seats.  In  1816,  there  were  brought 
down  the  canal,  14,562  hogsheads  of  tobacco, 
178,846  bushels  of  wheat,  85,655  barrels  of  flour, 
and  800,000  bushels  of  coal.  The  value  of  the 
produce  exported  from  Richmond  and  Manches- 
ter is  about  $8,00<J,000  annually.  The  amount 
of  shipping  belonging  to  this  port  in  1816,  was 
9,943  tons.  James  river  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  250  tons  to  Warwick,  and  for  those  of  125  to 
Rockets,  a  mile  below  Richmond. 

Richmond  contains  a  state-house  or  capitol,  a 
houee  for  the  governor,  a  spacious  and  elegant 
court-house,  a  jail,  alms-house,  state  prison,  ar- 
mory, 2  market-houses,  a  museum  and  academy  of 
fine  arts,  Lancasterian  school,  female  orphan  asy- 
lum, 3  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  bank, 
2  insurance  companies,  4  tobacco  warehouses,  7 
bouses  of  public  v/orship,  2  for  Episcopalians,  2 


ibr  Methodists,  and  1  each  for  Baptists,  Friends, 
and  Jews ;  and  1,400  private  houses,  800  of  brick, 
many  of  them  elegant,  and  600  of  wood.  Among 
the  manufacturing  establishments  are  a  glass 
house,  sugar  refinery,  iron  foundery,  rolling  and 
slitting  mill,  nail  manufactory,  and  cotton  mill. 

The  state-house  or  capitol  is  built  in  a  com- 
manding situation  on  Shockoe  hill.  The  design 
was  taken  from  La  Maison  Quar^e  at  Nimes,  but 
the  execution  falls  greatly  short  of  the  original. 
In  the  centre  of  a  spacious  hall,  in  the  middle  of 
the  building,  stands  a  marble  statue  of  Washing- 
ton, executed  in  Paris.  The  Virginia  Armory  is 
erected  on  the  south  side  of  the  canal,  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  above  the  basin.  Here  are  man- 
ufactured annually  upwards  of  4,000  stand  of 
muskets,  300  rifles,  and  1,000  swords  and  pistols. 
In  the  cannon  factory  have  been  cast  upwards  of 
350  cannon.  The  state  prison  is  of  brick,  in  a 
high  and  healthy  situation,  and  cost  the  state 
$135,402.  The  whole  number  of  prisoners  re- 
ceived into  it  from  April  1800  to  December  1816, 
was  721,  of  whom  179  were  blacks.  The  monu- 
mental church  is  an  interesting  edifice,  built  on 
the  ruins  of  the  theatre  which  was  consumed  by 
fire  on  the  night  of  the  26th  of  December  1811, 
during  the  rehearsal  of  a  play,  at  which  about  600 
persons  were  present,  of  whom  66  white  persons, 
and  6  people  of  colour  lost  their  lives ;  among  the 
former  were  George  William  Smith,  Esq.  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  state,  and  many  others  of  the  first 
respectability. 

The  growth  of  Richmond  has  been  remarkably 
rapid,  hi  1 783,  the  population  was  less  than  two 
thousand;  in  1800,  5,739;  !h  1810,  9,735;  and  ia 
1817,  14,338.  It  is  150  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  114  W.  N.W.  Norfolk,  25  N.  Peters- 
burg, 123  S.  S.  W.  Washington  city.  Lat.  37"  SC 
N.    Lon.77°31'W. 

Richmond,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  N,  Carolina. 
Pop.  6,695,  including  1,394  slaves.  Rockingham 
is  the  chief  town.  At  the  court-house,  is  a  post- 
oflUce, 

i2ic^mon(^,  CO.  Georgia.  Pop.  6, 189,  including 
3,436  slaves.     Augusta  is  the  chief  town. 

Richmond,  p-t.  and  cap.  Madison  county,  Ken. 
Pop.  366. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Ross  co.  Oiiio.  See  J^etv  Rich- 
mond. 

Richmond,  p-t.  Jeflferson  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Steubenville. 

Richmond,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 

Richmondshire,  district,  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  of 
which  Richmond  is  the  capital. 

Richlenberg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  10  m.  S. 
W.  Stralsund.     Pop.  800. 

Richtenschweil,  t.  Switz.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
lake  of  Zurich,  11  m.  S.  Zurich.     Pop.  2,400. 

Richwood,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Rickmansworlh,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford  co.  18  m.  N. 
W.  London.     Pop.  3,230. 

Ricla,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  Xalon,  30 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Saragossa. 

Ridderkerk,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
6  m.  S.  E.  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2,600. 

Ride,  v.  Eug.  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  opposite 
Portsmouth,  9'm.  N.E.  Newport. 

Ruleau  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the 
Ottawas  rivor.  It  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  40 
feet. 

Ridge,  p-v.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md. 

Ridge,  p-v.  Edgefield  district,  S.  C 

Ridgeburg,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 


R  I  G 


R  I  N 


6-27 


Rtdgefield,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  10  m.  S.  W. 
Danbury,  55  N.  E.  New  York.     Pop.  2,103. 

Ridgejidd,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Ridge  road.     See  J\''eiv  York.,  Slate  of. 

Ridgeville,  p-t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  Leb- 
aaon. 

Ridgeville,  p-t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 

Ridgeicay,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Erie 
canal. 

Ridlej/,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  991. 

Riebeck's  Casteel,  division  of  the  district  of  Dra- 
kenstein,  in  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  60  m.  E. 
Cape  Town. 

Ried  or  Riedt,  t.  Austria,  18  m.  E.  Braunau,  18 
m.  S.  Passau.     Pop.  3,000. 

Riedesel,  small  principality  of  Germany,  in  the 
grand  duchy  of  Hesse.  Area,  70  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
9,200. 

Riedlingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Danube,  28 
m.  W.  S.W.  Ulm,  44  S.  S.  E.  Stutgard.    Pop.  1,500. 

Riegel,  t.  Baden,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Freyburg. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Riehen,  t.  Switz.  on  the  Rhine,  3  m.  E.  Bale. 

Riela,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  14  m.  N.  E,  Cala- 
tayud. 

Riesa,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  24  m.  N.  W. 
Dresden.     Pop.  1,100. 

Riesenburg,  or  Prabudka,  t.  West  Prussia,  12 
m.  E.  Marienwerder.     Pop.  2,400. 

Riesengehirge,  i.  e.  the  GianVs  Mountains,  com- 
prehends that  part  of  the  great  Sudetic  chain 
which  begins  on  the  borders  of  Lusatia,  and  sep- 
arates Bohemia  and  Moravia  from  Silesia. 

Rietbcrg.    See  Rittberg. 

Rieti,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  on 
the  Velino,  25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Spoleto,  37  N.  N.  E. 
Rome.  Pop.  6,500.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  A 
battle  was  fought  here  on  the  7th  of  March  1821, 
between  the  Austrians  and  Neapolitans,  in  which 
the  latter  were  defeated. 

Rieli,  district  of  the  States  of  the  Church,  N. 
E.  Rome,     Pop.  66,000. 

Rieumes,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  23  m. 
9.  W.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1, 100. 

Rieupeiroux,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  12  m.  E. 
by  S.  Villefranche.     Pop.  1,800. 

Rieux,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  28  m.  S. 
by  W.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,700. 

Rieux,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the  \'^ilaine. 
Pop.  2,200. 

Riexingen,  Upper,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Enz, 
12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Stutgard.     Pop.  1,000. 

Ries,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  23  m.  S.  by  W. 
Digne,  40  N.  E.  Aix.     Pop.  2,900. 

Riga,  Government  of.     See  Livonia. 

Riga,  city,  Eu.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  Livonia,  is 
in  a  large  plain  on  the  Dwina  or  Duna,  about 
nine  miles  from  the  sea.  It  was,  in  a  commercial 
sense,  the  second  city  of  Russia,  until  the  rapid 
increase  of  Odessa.  Its  port  is  both  spacious  and 
safe.  Without  being  a  regular  fortress,  Riga  has 
considerable  strength,  having  a  citadel,  and  being 
surrounded  with  an  earthen  mound  and  moat. 
The  entrance  of  the  river  is  guarded  by  the  for- 
Iress  of  Diinamunde.  The  export  trade  is  chiefly 
managed  by  English  and  Scotch  houses ;  the  prin- 
:ipal  articles  are  timber,  flax,  hemp,  and  corn. 
The  average  number  of  vessels  arriving  yearly  at 
Riga  is  between  700  and  800 ;  the  computed  value 
of  the  ex-ports  a  million  sterling,  of  which  fully  the 
naif  are  sent  to  England  and  Scotland.  The  im- 
ports are  groceries  of  all  kinds,  printed  cottons, 
woollens,  silks,  and  wine;  also  bay  salt  and  fish. 
J85  m.  W.  S.  W.  St.  Petersburg,  235  S.  S.  E. 


Stockholm.    Lon.24''rE.    Lat.  56°  5' N.    Popi 
36,000. 

Riga,  Gulf  of,  bay  of  the  Baltic,  between  the 
coasts  of  Courland,  Livonia,  and  Esthonia.  It  is 
sometimes  called  the  gulf  of  Livonia. 

Riga,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Genesee  river,  20  m.  E.  Batavia.     Pop.  863. 

Rigaud,  seigniory,  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  Ottawas  river,  35  m.  W.  Montreal. 

Rignac,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  14  m.  W.  by 
N.  Rhodez.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rignac,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  3  m.  S.  Barbe- 
sieux.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rignano,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitauata,  18  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Manfredonia.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rigny  le  Feron,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  24  m.  S.  W, 
Troyes.'    Pop.  1,000, 

Rigo,  small  isl,  near  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  isl- 
and of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  West  Indies. 

Rigolets,  a  channel  or  strait  between  the  states 
of  Louisiana  and  Mississippi,  which  connects  Lake 
Ponchartrain  with  Lake  Borgne.  Pearl  river 
falls  into  it. 

Rigolets  de  bon  dieu,  r.  Louisiana,  which  branch- 
es off"  from  Red  river  near  Natchitochez,  and  re- 
ceiving the  waters  of  Saline  lake  and  Black  lake, 
unites  again  with  Red  river  25  miles  above  Ale:i- 
andria. 

Ril,  t.  Darfur,  in  Central  Africa,  60  m.  S.  S.  B. 
Cobbe. 

Rilei/,  t.  Oxford  6o.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  W.  Paris. 
Riley,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Hamilton. 
Rimac,  r.  Peru,  which  flows  into  the  sea  in  laii 
12°  2' S. 

Rimachuma,  lake  of  Quito,  19  miles  long  from 
N.  to  S.  and  6  wide.  It  empties  itself,  on  the  west 
side,  into  the  river  Pastaza,  in  lat.  4"  11'  S. 

Rima-Szecs,  t.  Hungary,  17  m.  S.  Gomer.  Lom 
20°  14' E.    Lat.  48°  18' N. 

Rima-Ssombath,  or  Gross-Steffelsdorf,  t.  Hunga- 
ry, 14  m,  E.  S.  E.  Altsohl,  on  the  Rima.  Lon.  20° 
2'  17"  E.   Lat.  48"  23'  16"  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Rimington,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  i4i  m.  W.  Si 
W.  Skipton.     Pop.  596. 

Rimini,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical  states,  on 
the  Marecchia,  near  its  influx  into  the  Adriatici 
It  had  formerly  a  good  harbour;  but  the  sea  has 
now  retired  to  the  distance  of  a  mile  and  a  half; 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ravenna, 
50  N.  W.  Ancona,  150  N,  Rome.  Lon.  12°  32'  E. 
Lat.  44°  3'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Rimmon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t  in  the  tribe  of  Simeon^ 
on  the  S.  border  of  Palestine. — Also,  t.  in  the  tribe 
of  Zebulun. — Also,  a  rock  near  Gibeah. 
Rinmik.     See  Ribnik. 

Rimonf,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  7  m.  N.  E.  St^ 
Girons,  18  W.  Foix.     Pop.  1,800. 

Rimouski,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  LowerCan- 
ada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Rimpar,  t.  Bavarian  states,  4  m.  W.  Wurzburg. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Rincadrolean  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.    Lon.  10°  13'  W.    Lat.  52°  44'  N. 

Rindge,  or  Ringe,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.H.39m, 
S.  W.  Concord,  55  m.  N.  W.  Boston.    Pop.  1,226. 
Ring  Island,  small  isl.  opposite  Newburyport, 
Mass. 

Ringkioping,  or  Rinkoping,  t.  Denmark,  in  N. 
Jutland,  52  m'^  N.  by  W.  Ripen,  45  S.  W.  Wiborg 
Lon.  8°  18'  E.   Lat.  56°  6'  N. 

Rincleben,  t.  Germany,  belonging  to  Saxe- 
Weimar,  6  m.  N.  Erfurt,  26  E.  N.  E.  EiseDach* 
Lon.  IF 2' E.    Lat.  51°  6' N. 


62$  RIP 

Ringo's  Town^  p-v,  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  15  m, 
N.  W.  Princeton. 

Ringsheim,  v.  Baden,  2  m.  W.  by  S.  Ettenheim, 
Pop.  1,100. 

Ringstedl,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
30  ra.  S.  W.  Copenhagen.    Pop.  700. 

Ritigicood,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  on  the  Avon, 
30  m.  S.  W.  Winchester,  91  S.  W.  London.  Lon. 
r48'W.    Lat.50''50'N.     Pop.  3,269. 

Rinteln,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Weser,  30  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Hanover,  10  S.  E.  Minden.     Pop.  2,700. 

Riniimpore.     See  Rantampore. 

Rinviel  Point,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Galway  co.     Lon.  9°  58'  E.    Lat.  53^  36'  N. 

Rio  Grande^  r.  Zanguebar,  in  E.  Africa,  which 
falls  into  the  Indian  sea,  in  lon.  41°  30'  E.  lat  2° 
6'S. 

Rio  Grande.     See  Grande,  Rio. 

Rio  Grande,  province,  Brazil,  bounded  by  the 
capitania  of  St.  Paul's  on  tlie  N.  Matto  Grosso  on 
the  W.  and  the  Spanish  territories  on  the  S.  The 
climate  is  very  fine,  and  the  soil  so  productive, 
that  this  district  may  be  called  the  granary  of 
Brazil.  The  wheat  grown  here  is  shipped  to  all 
the  ports  on  the  coast.  The  other  exports  are 
beef,  tallow,  and  hides,  to  a  great  amount. 

Rio  Grande,  the  capital  of  tlie  above  province, 
iS  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  in  lat. 
32°  S.  It  is  well  defended,  and  carries  on  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  the  productions  of  the  province. 

Rio  de  Ouro,  r.  of  the  Sahara,  in  W.  Africa, 
which  falls  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lon.  16°  W.  lat. 
23°  33'  N. 

Rio  das  Pedrus,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  9"  10'  N. 

Rio  del  Rey,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  Benin,  in  about  lon.  8°  5'  E.  lat.  4°  30'  N. 

Rioni,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  50  m.  S.  by 
W.  Moulins.  Lon.  3°  6' E.  Lat.  45°  51' N.  Pop. 
13,500. 

Rions,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  17  m.  S.  E.  Bour- 
deaux.     Pop.  1,500. 

Riopar,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  17  m.  S.  by  W. 
Alcaraz.     Pop.  4,600. 

Riou's  Island,  or  Rooahooga,  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  24  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  130"  9' 
W.   Lat.  8°  54'  S. 

Ripa  Limosani,  t.  Naples,  9  m.  E.  Molise.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Ripa  Transone,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  12  m.  N.  E.  Ascoli.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop. 

Ripley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river  Nyd, 
4  m.  N.  W.  Knaresborough,  211  N.  by  W.  Lon- 
don. 

Ripley,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  3i  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Alfreton.     Pop.  1,439. 

Ripley,  p-L  Somerset  co.  Maine. 

Ripley,  p-L  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Erie, 
■\V.  of  Maysville. 

Ripley,  p-t  and  cap.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
tiver,  46  m.  S.  E.  Cincinnati. 

Ripley,  co.  Indiana.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Ripley,  t.  Bond  co.  Illinois,  on  Shoal  creek,  20 
m.  E.  Edwardsville,  10  W.  Perryville. 

Ripoli,  L  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  52  m.  N.  by  E. 
Barcelona,  15  N.  Vique.     Pop.  2,4f)0. 

Ripon,  or  Rippon,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  the 
West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Ure  and  the  Skell.  It  was  once  celebrated 
for  its  manufacture  of  spurs.  A  navigable  canal 
comes  near  to  the  town,  which  communicates 


R  I  V 

with  York,  Hull,,  &c.    23  m.  N.  W.  York.    Loa,, 
r31'W.    Lat.  54°  8' N.    Pop.  3,633. 

Ripton,  Addison  co.  Vt.  E.  of  Middlebury, 

Ripton,  p-v.  in  Huntington,  Ct. 

Rirouat  VUaieti.     See  Croatia. 

Ris,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  9  m.  N.  Thier-- 
Pop.  1,400. 

Risano,  t.  Austrian  Dalmatia,  at  the  bottom  oi 
the  gulf  of  Cattaro,  8  m.  N.  Cattaro.     Pop.  1,800. 

Rishborou^h  Monks,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckingham  co- 
7  m.  S.  Aylesbury.     Pop,  899. 

Riscle,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  on  the  Adour,  35  m. 
W.  Auch.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rishton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  N.  E.  by  E, 
Blackburn.     Pop.  1,084. 

Rishworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  li  m.  from 
Halifax.     Pop.  1,211. 

Rising  Sun,  p-t.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

Rising  Sun,  p-t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana,  on  the 
Ohio,  15  m.  below  the  mouth  ol  the  Miami,  18  m. 
below  Lawrenceburg,  18  above  Vevay.  The  vil- 
lage is  pleasEintly  situated,  and  contains  40  or  50 
houses. 

Ristigouche,  seigniory,  Gaspe  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, at  the  head  of  Chaleur  bay. 

Ristigouche,  r.  which  separates  Lower  Canada 
and  New  Brunswick,  and  falls  into  Chaleur  bay. 

Rittberg,  small  principality  of  the  Prussian 
states,  on  the  Ems.  Area,  65  sq.  miles.  Pop. 
about  12,000.  Rittberg,  or  Rietberg,  the  chief 
town,  is  on  the  Ems,  38  m.  S.  S.  W.  Minden,  9  N. 
by  E.  Lippestadt.     Pop.  1,400. 

Ritsebuttel,  the  chief  place  of  abailiwick,  belong- 
ing to  the  city  of  Hamburgh,  54  m.  W,  N.  W. 
Hambui^h,  1  S.  Cuxhaven.     Pop.  1,500. 

Riva,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Lake  of  Como, 
6  m.  S.  Chiavenna. 

Riva,  or  Reiff,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Tyrol,  17 
m.  S.  W.  Trent.     Pop.  3,100. 

Riva  di  Chieri,  t.  Sardinian  states,  10  m.  E.  bv 
S.  Turin.     Pop.  2,300. 

Rivalba,  t.  Piedmont,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turiu- 
Pop.  1,000. 

Rivalta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Mincio  into  the  lake  of  Mantua,  5  m.  W.  Mantua. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Rivanna,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  N.  side  of 
James  river,  at  Columbia.  It  is  navigable  22 
miles  for  boats. 

Rivara,  t.  Piedmont,  14  m.  W.  by  N.  Chivasso. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Rivarolo,  t.  Piedmont,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turin, 
Pop.  5,200. 

Riudorm,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  11m.  W.  by 
N.  Tarragona.     Pop.  2,400. 

Rive  de  Gier,  t  France,  in  Loire,  12  m.  N.  E, 
St.  Etienne,  22  S.  S.  W.  Lyons.     Pop.  4,300. 

Rivel  de  Lassemals,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  9  m.  W. 
N.  W.  QiiiUan.     Pop.  1,000. 

Rivello,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  10  m.  E.  by  S. 
Policastro.     Pop.  5,400. 

River,  Haute,  t.  Sardinian  states,  near  Cham- 
berry.     Pop.  5,000. 

Riverhead,  v.  Eng.  in  Kent,  i  m.  from  Seven 
Oalcs. 

Riverhead,  p-t.  New  London  co.  Ct. 

Riverhead,  p-t.  and  cap.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Long  Island,  90  m.  E.  New  York.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  3  for  Congre- 
gationalists  and  1  for  Presbyterians,  and  4  parish- 
es.    Pop.  1,711;  in  1820,  1,907. 

Riven,  t.  France,  in  here,  8  m.  N.  W.  Grenoble. 
Pop.  1,400. 


R  O  A 


ROC 


629 


Rivesalles,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  6  m. 
N.by  W.  Perpignan.     Pop.  1,800. 

Riviere  des  Huron,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which 
ialls  into  the  Sorel  at  Fort  Chambly. 

Riviere  du  Loup,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  Lake  St.  Peter,  22  m-  W.  Three 
Rivers. 

Riviere  Quelle,  seigniory,  Cornwallia  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  77  m. 
N.  E.  Quebec. 

Riv-ere  des  Prairies,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which 
divides  the  island  of  Montreal  from  Isle  Jesus; 
after  which  it  joins  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Rivington,  v.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  from 
Bolton. 

Rivoli,  t.  Italy,  in  Piedmont.,  9  m.  W.  Turin. 
Pop.  3,100. 

Rivoli,  small  t.  Lombardy,  on  the  Adige,  12  m. 
N.  W.  Verona. 

Riviere  du  Loup,  seigniory,  Comwallis  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  95 
m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

Rixieville,  p-v.  Ciilpeper  co.  Va. 

Rizton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  E.  by  N. 
Warrington.     Pop.  886. 

Rizeh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Black  sea,  45  m.  E. 
by  N.  Trebisond. 

Rizzuto,  Cape,  promontory,  Naples,  on  the  coast 
of  Calabria.     Lon.  17"  25'  E.    Lat.  38°  57'  N. 

Riask,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  70  m,  S.  S.  E.  Riazan. 
Pop.  900. 

Ro,  or  Rho,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  7  m.  N.  W.  Mi- 
lan. 

Roa,  t.  Spain,  in  Burgos,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Douro,  25  m.  N.  Segovia.     Pop.  2,500. 

Roan,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  125° 
3'E.    Lat.  2°  19' N. 

Roane,  co.  Tennessee,  on  the  Tennessee  river, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Clinch  and  Holston.  Pop. 
5,581,  including  670  slaves.  Chief  town,  Kings- 
ton. 

Roan\'i  Creek,  p-v.  Carter  co.  Tennessee. 

Roanne,  t.  France,  on  the  Loire,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Lyons.  It  is  an  entrepot  for  goods  sent  from  the 
E.  and  S.  E.  of  France,  to  Orleans,  Nantes,  Paris, 
&c.  30  m.  N.  Mont  Brison.  Lon.  4°  4'  E.  Lat. 
46"  2'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Roanoke,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Staunton,  15  miles  above  the  junction  of  the  Dan. 

Roanoke,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina,  at 
the  entrance  into  Albemarle  sound.  The  N.  point 
of  the  island  is  7  m.  W.  of  Roanoke  inlet. 

Roanoke  Inlet,  channel  on  the  coast  of  N.  Car- 
olina, which  leads  into  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76° 
W.    Lat.  35"  56' N. 

Roanoke,  r.  formed  by  the  Staunton  and  Dan, 
the  former  of  which  rises  in  the  Allegany  moun- 
tains in  Virginia,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  the  latter  on  the  borders  of  N.  Caroli- 
na and  Virginia.  After  their  union  near  the  south- 
em  boundary  of  Virginia,  the  river  assumes  the 
name  of  Roanoke,  and  flowing  S.  E.  falls  into  the 
head  of  Albemarle  sound.  It  is  navigable  to  Hal- 
ifax, near  the  foot  of  the  Great  Falls,  75  miles  by 
land  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  for  vessels  of  45 
tons  burden.  At  the  Great  Falls  the  river  de- 
scends 100  feet  in  a  distance  of  12  miles;  but  a 
canal  is  now  in  progress  around  these  falls,  which 
will  open  the  navigation  for  batteaux  as  far  as  the 
Junction  of  the  Dan  and  the  Staunton.  The  Dan 
has  been  made  navigable  to  Danville,  and  the 
Staunton  is  navigable  for  some  distance  for  boats 
of  5  ton?.    The  lands  on  the  Roanoke  are  among 


iiie  most  productive  in  the  United  States.  Its 
products  annually  for  exportation  may  be  estima- 
ted at  $2,500,000,  and  when  the  full  effect  of  the 
improvements  in  its  navigation  is  reaUzed,  will 
probably  exceed  $5,000,000.  At  present  a  great 
portion  of  the  produce  is  carried  to  Norfolk  through 
the  Dismal  Swamp  canal,  but  efforts  are  now  msik- 
ing  by  the  North  Carolinians  to  secure  this  trade 
to  some  port  within  the  limits  of  their  own  state. 

Roaring  River,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into 
the  Cumberland,  12  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Obed'e 
river. 

Roaring  Water,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
Roaring  Water  bay,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  Skibbereen. 

Roaring  Water  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ire- 
land.    Lon.  9°  22'  W.    Lat.  51°  28'  N. 

Roatun.     See  Ruatan. 

Robaree,  rocks  near  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  3  no. 
S.  E.  Galley  Head.    Lon.  8°  50'  W.  Lat.  51°  31'  N. 

Robben  Island,  or  Seal  Island,  isl.  of  Africa,  near 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  at  the  entrance  int» 
False  bay,  6  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  18°  20' 
E.    Lat.  33°  40' S. 

Robbinston,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  on  Pas- 
samaquoddy  bay,  30  m.  N.  E.  Machias.     Pop.  365. 

Robbstoivn,  p-t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Robe,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  Lough  Corrib, 
12  m.  W.  Ballingrobe. 

Robecq,  v.  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  4  m.  S.  W. 
St.  Vincent.     Pop.  2,'300. 

Robel,  t.  Germany,  in  Me<:klonburg-Strelitz,  20 
m.  W.  Strelitz,  28  W.  S.  W.  New  Brandenburg, 
Pop.  1,800. 

Robert  Bay,  bay  in  the  island  of  Martinique 
It  is  nearly  two  leagues  deep,  and  is  formed  by 
two  points,  on  the  E.,  La  Rosa,  and  on  the  W.,  Lo,=r 
Galeones. 

Robert's  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream, 
Lon.  81°  33'  W.    Lat.  24°  42'  N. 

Roberts'' s  Isles,  2  large  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean.     Lon.  219"  47'  E.    Lat.  7"  53'  S. 

Robert'' s  Store,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

Robertson,  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  N.  side 
of  Cumberland  river.  Pop.  7,270,  including  1,601; 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Springfield. 

Robertson,  t.  Allegany  co.  Pa.     Pop.  899. 

Robertville,  p-v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C. 

Robeson,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,807. 

Robesoji,  CO.  in  the  S.  part  of  N.  Carolina.  Pop. 
7,528,  including  1,340  slaves.  Lumberton  is  tbt- 
chieftown. 

RobiUante,  t.  Piedmont,  8  m.  S.  Coni. 

Robinal,  settlement,  Mexico,  40  m.  S.  9.  W 
Vera  Paz.     Pop.  800. 

Robinhood^s  Bay,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  £ 
E.  Whitby. 

Robin'' s  Island,  small  isl.  N.  Y.  at  the  E.  end  oi" 
Long  Island,  belonging  to  Southold. 

Robinson,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

Robinson's  I-.land,  small  isl.  in  the  Floridfi 
stream.     Lon.  81"  35' W.    Lat.  24°  43' N. 

Robion,  r.  France,  in  Isere,  which  falls  into  the 
Rhone,  near  Montmelian. 

RoMedo,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  33  m.  S.  by 
E.  Ciudad  Real,  57  N.  by  E.  Jaen.     Pop.  6,400. 

Robles,  r.  New  Granada,  which  unites  with  the 
Honda  and  enters  the  Cauca,  in  lat.  2°  34'  N. 

Roca,  archipelago  of  small  islands  on  the  coast 
of  Venezuela,  in  New  Granada,  about  23  mile? 
from  E.  to  W.  and  10  from  N.  to  S.  liOn.  66°  45 
W.    Lat.  11°  55' N. 

Roca  de  Ilheos,  small  isl.  on  the  coa^t  f>f  Vene 
zuela.    Lat.  irsi'N. 


6d0 


ROC 


Roca  Partido,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lou.  128"  W.    Lat.  16°35'N. 

Rocab,  3-p.  Hadramaut,  in  Arabia,  on  the  Indian 
ocean,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Sahar. 

Rocamadour,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  22  m.  N.  Ca- 
bors.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rocca^  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  La»o  Ma^ffiore, 
30  m.  N.  W.  Milan. 

Rocca,  Cabo  da,  cape,  Portugal,  in  Estremadu- 
ra,  the  most  westerly  point  of  land  in  Europe.  It 
is  often  called  the  rock  of  Lisbon.  Lon.  9°  29'  21'' 
W.   Lat.  38"  46' 6"  N. 

Rocco  de  Meto,  t  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  40 
m,  W.  by  S.  Cosenza. 

Rocco  Ramola,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Terra  di  Lavo- 
ro,  3  m.  N.  by  E.  Nola. 

Rocca  S.  Casciano,  t.  Tuscany,  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Florence. 

Rocca  Secca,  t.  Jfaples,  in  Terra  di  Lavoro,  7 
m,  S.  S.  E.  Arpino.     Pop.  2,500. 

Roccabruna,  t.  Piedmont,  3  m.  E.  N.  E.  Monaco. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Roccacontrada,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
states,  24  m.  E.  S.  E.  Urbino. 

Roccella,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  near  the 
sea,  6  m.  N.  by  W.  Mileto,  45  N.  N.  E.  Reg-io. 

Rocchetta^  t.  Sardinian  states,  10  m.  S.  E.  Cham- 
berry. 

Roch,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  4i  m.  S.  VV. 
by  S.  Bewdley.     Pop.  835. 

jRoc/i,  Cape,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Majorca. 
Lon.  3"  5'  E.    Lat.  39"  40'  N. 

Rocha,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  35  m.  N,  B.  Maldonado. 
Lon.  54"  12'  W.    Lat.  34°  22'  S. 

Rochdale,  t  Eng.  in  Lancaster  co.  on  the  Roche, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Blackstone-Edge  hills.  It  has 
long  been  distinguished  for  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. The  chief  articles  are  baizes,  flannels,  ker- 
seys, coatings,  and  broad  cloths.  11  m.  N.  by  E. 
Manchester,  194  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  10' 
W.  Lat.  53°  37'  N.  Pop.  of  the  parish,  29,085  ; 
ofthe  town,  10,823. 

Roche,  La,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  on  the 
Ourthe,  33  m.  S.  Liege.     Pop.  1,400. 

Roche,  t.  Switz.  in  Vaud,  40  m.  E.  by  N.  Gene- 
va, 3  N.  x\.  W.  Aigle. 

Roche,  t.  Savoy,  12  m.  S.  by  E.  Geneva.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Roche.    See  Rocky  River. 

Roche  VMeille,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  17 
m.  S.  Limoges.     Pop.  900, 

Roche-Bernard,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the 
Vilaine,  25  m.  S.  E.  Vannes,  45  N.  W.  Nantes. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Roche  en  Breme,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  6  m. 
N.  W.  Saulieu.     Pop.  1,700. 

Roche-Chalais,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  34  m. 
W.  Perigueux.     Pop.  1,000. 

Roche-Chouart,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne, 
22  m.  W.  Limoges,  34  N.  E.  Angouleme.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Roche- Derrien,  t.  Prance,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,^  9 
m.  E.  Lannion.     Pop.  800. 

Roche-Guyon,  t.  France,  on  the  Seine,  8  m.  N. 
by  W.  Mantes.     Pop.  1,000. 

Roche  Millay,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Moulins.     Pop.  1,500. 

Roche  Pere,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  in  Howard  county. 

Roche  en  Reignicr,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire, 
11  m.  N.W.  Ysseageaux,  14  N.  Le  Puv.  Pop. 
),500. 

Rnrh4'  anr  Gov,     See  Bourbon  Vendee. 


ROC 

Rochefort,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  on  tii 
Charente,  5  miles  from  its  influx  into  the  Atlantic; 
It  contains  an  arsenal,  cannon  foundry,  and  ex- 
tensive magazines  of  naval  stores.  The  harbour, 
being  one  of  the  great  naval  stations  of  the  king- 
dom, is  protected  by  five  forts.  It  is  formed  by 
the  Charente,  is  secure,  and  capable,  from  it" 
depth,  of  admitting  vessels  of  great  size.  Thi 
docks  are  very  complete.  20  m.  S.  E.  La  R( 
chelle,  100  N.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  0°  57'  W.  La' 
45°  56'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Rochefort,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  18  m.  S 
W.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,400. 

Rochefort,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  9  m. 
S.  W.  Angers.     Pop.  2,400. 

Rochefort  en  .Ardennes.     See  Roche,  La. 

Rochefort  Samson,  v.  Fi'ance,  in  Drome,  12  m, 
E.  N.  E".  Valence.     Pop.  1,000. 

Rochefoucault,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  20  m. 
N.  E.  Angouleme,  58  S.  Poitiers.     Pop.  2,400. 

Rochelle,  La,  t.  France,  cap.  of  Lower  Cha- 
rente, is  on  a  plain  at  the  bottom  of  a  small  gulf  of 
the  Atlantic.  Its  fortifications,  the  work  of  the 
famous  Vauban,  are  in  good  condition,  and  con- 
sist of  19  lai^e  bastions,  and  8  half  moons,  inclosed 
by  a  moat  and  covered  way.  On  the  side  of  the 
sea  it  has  a  massy  wall,  flanked  with  large  antique 
towers.  The  town  is  well  built,  the  streets  broad, 
and  the  houses  spacious.  Its  port  stretches  into 
the  interior  of  the  town,  like  that  of  Marseilles, 
and  though  not  large,  is  secure.  The  trade  of  La 
Rochelle  is  considerable.  It  exports  wines,  bran- 
dy, flour,  linen,  and  bay  salt,  78  m.  S.  Nantes, 
and  335  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  9'  W.  Lat.  46°  9 
N.     Pop.  17,500. 

Rochemaure,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  near  the 
Rhone,  6  m.  N.  W.  Montelimart.     Pop.  1,050. 

Roche  Perce,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 

Rochester,  ancient  city,  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the 
Medway.  On  the  E.  it  is  connected  by  a  contin- 
ed  range  of  buildings  with  Chatham,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  bridge  over  the  river,  with  the  village 
of  Strood.  The  chief  public  buildings  are  the 
castle,  the  cathedral,  the  churches,  the  town-hall, 
the  bridge,  and  Watt's  charitj'-house  and  dormito- 
ries. The  bridge  over  the  Medway  is  thought  su- 
perior to  any  other  in  the  kingdom,  for  heigh "^ 
strength,  and  elegance,  except  the  London  bridge 
It  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  27  m.  N.\\ 
Canterbury,  29  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  30'  E.  Lai 
51°  23'  N.  Pop.  9,070,  or,  including  Chatham, 
21,722. 

Rochester,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  25  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Hexham. 

Rochester,  t.  Essex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Lake  St.  Clair. 

Rochester,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  34  m.  N.  W. 
Windsor,     Pop.  911. 

Rochester,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  Salmon 
Fall  river.  Near  the  centre  of  this  town  is  the 
village  of  Norway  Plains,  containing  a  church, 
court-house,  and  about  40  dwelling-houses.  One 
term  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  is  held  here 
annually.     18  m.  N.  Portsmouth. 

Rochester,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  on  Buzzard's 
bay,  20  m.  S.  W.  Plymouth,  48  S.  Boston,  Lon. 
70°40'W,    Lat,  41"  42' N.     Pop,  2,954. 

Rochester,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.Y.  14  m.  S.  W.  Kings- 
ston.     Pop.  1,882, 

Rochester,  or  Rochestervilk,  p-v.  Genesee  co, 
N.  Y.  at  the  falls  ofthe  Genesee  river,  16  m.  from 
it?  mouth.  At  this  place  the  Erie  canal  strikes 
the  Genesee.    It  is  a  very  flourishing  village,  and 


ROC 


ROE 


631 


•a  place  of  considerable  trade.     A  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here. 

Rochttla,  t.  Sardinian  states  in  Montferrat,  3  m. 
N.  E.  Cairo,  16  S.  S.  E.  Acqui.     Pop.  2,600. 

Rochford,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  16  m.  S.  E.  Chelms- 
ford, 39  E.  London.     Pop.  1,214. 

Rochlitz,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda,  28  m.  S.  S,  E. 
Leipsic.     Pop.  2,100. 

Rock,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  N.  Cadiz. 

Rockcastle,  co.  Kentucky. 

Rock  Fish,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  James  river 
on  the  N. 

Rock  Hall,  p-v.  Kentco.  Md. 

Rock  Hill,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa,     Pop.  1,508. 

Rock  Landing,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  at  the  head 
of  the  great  falls  of  the  Roanoke,  12  m.  above  Hal- 
ifax. 

Rock  River,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash on  the  N.  side,  150  m.  above  Vincennes. 

Rock  River,  Illinois.     See  Rocky  River. 

Rock  Spring,  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 

Rockaway,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  Rockaway 
river,  a  branch  of  the  Passaic,  7  m.  N.  by  W.  Mor- 
ristown. 

Rockbridge,  co.  in  the  centra!  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
10,318,  including  1,724  slaves.  Chief  town,  Lex- 
ington. In  this  county  is  the  famous  natural  bridge 
over  Cedar  creek.     See  Cedar  Creek. 

Rockcastle,  co.  Kentucky.  Pop.  1,731,  includ- 
ing 163  slaves. 

Rockdale,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  401. 

Rockenhausen,  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the 
Rhine,  13  m.  N.  by  E.  Kaiserslautern.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Rockford,  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Rockhall,  p-v.  Kent  co.  Md. 

Rockingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton  co.  on  the 
Welland,  84  m.  N.  by  W.  London.     Pop.  230. 

Rockbigham,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Connec- 
ticut river,  20  m.  below  Windsor.     Pop.  1,954. 

Rockingham,  co.  N.  H.  bounded  N.  by  Strafford 
CO.  E.  by  Maine  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Massa- 
chusetts, and  W.  by  Hillsborough  co.  Pop.  50, 175. 
Chief  towns,  Portsmouth  and  Concord. 

Rockingham,  co.  in  the  central  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
12,753,  including  1,491  slaves. 

Rockingham,  co.  on  the  N.  side  of  N.  C.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Dan.  Pop.  10,316,  including 
2,1 14  slaves.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Rockingham,  t.  and  cap.  Richmond  co.  N.  C.  6 
m.  E.  of  Pedee  river,  74  from  Hillsborough. 

Rockland,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  W.  by  Orange 
CO.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  and  S.  W.  by  N.  Jersey. 
Pop.  7,758.     Chief  town,  Clarkstown. 

Rockland,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  309. 

Rockland,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,026. 

Rockville,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md, 

Rockxille,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

Rocky  Hill,  p-v.  in  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

Rocky  Hill  Mills,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

R.ocky  Mount,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Va.  25 
m.  N.  Martinsburg. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.  Nash  co.  N.  C. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.  Chester  district,  S.  C. 

Rocky  Mountains,  a  name  given  to  that  part  of 
the  great  American  range  which  lies  in  the  U. 
States,  and  British  America.  They  are  a  contin- 
uation of  the  Cordilleras  of  Mexico,  and  termi- 
aate  on  the  Frozen  ot  ean,  in  about  lat.  70"  N.  di- 
viding the  waters  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic, 
from  those  which  flow  into  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Rocky  Ridge,  p-v.  Christian  co.  Ken 


Rocky  River,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the  Yad- 
kin. 

Rocky  River,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  lake 
Erie,  10  m.  W.  Cleveland. 

Rocky  River,  r.  Indiana,  which  falls  into  the 
Wabash  from  the  E.  78  m .  above  Vincennes.  Its 
branches  interlock  with  those  of  the  main  fork  of 
White  river.  It  is  100  yards  wide  at  its  mouth, 
and  has  several  lai^e  forks. 

Rocky  Rii'er,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  lake  Michigan. 

Rocky,  or  Rock  River,  or  Roche,  r.  which  rises 
in  the  North-west  Territory,  runs  through  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Illinois,  and  flows  into  the  Mississippi, 
160  m.  above  the  Illinois,  400  above  St.  Louis,  af- 
ter a  course  of  200  miles.  It  is  300  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth. 

Rocky  Springs,  p-v.  Rockingham  co.  N.  C. 

Rocoux,  V.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  2  m.  N.  W. 
Liege. 

Rocquigny,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  14  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Rethel.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rocroy,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Meziere's,  44  S.  E.  Mons.     Pop.  2,900. 

Roda,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Vique.     Pop.  2,400. 

Roda,  La,  t.  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  20  m.  S. 
Alarcon,  22  S.  E.  San  Clement.     Pop.  2,400. 

Rodach,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Coburg,  6  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Coburg.     Pop.  1,300. 

Rodborough,  t.  England,  in  Gloucester,  1  m. 
W.  by  S.  Stroud.     Pop.  1,628. 

Rodbye,  commonly  called  Roebye,  s-p.  Den- 
mark, in  the  island  of  Laland,  on  an  arm  of  the 
Baltic,  12  m.  S.  E.  Naskov.     Pop.  800. 

Rodden,  r.  England,  in  Salop,  which  falls  into 
the  Terne,  near  Roddington. 

Rodelheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  3 
m.  W.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.     Pop.  900. 

Rodelsee,  t.  Bavarian  states,  2  m.  from  Kitzin- 
gen. 

Rodemachern,  or  Rodemack,  t.  France,  in  Mo- 
selle, 9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Thionville,  25  N.  Metz.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Rodenberg,  t.  Germany,  17  m.  W.  by  S.  Hano- 
ver.    Pop.  850. 

Roder,  r.  Saxony,  which  falls  into  the  Schwartz 
Elster,  2  m.  below  Elsterwerda. 

Rodez.     See  Rhodez. 

Rodi,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Capitanata,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Manfredonia.     Pop.  3,000. 

Rodman,  t.  Jeffei-son  co.  (N.  Y.)  S.  of  Water- 
town.     Pop.  1,277. 

Rodney  Point,  point  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ame- 
rica, forming  the  N.  point  of  Norton  sound,  Lon. 
166°  3' W.  Lat.  64°  30' N. 

Rodoni,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Albania,  in  the 
Adriatic.     Lon.  19"  16'  E.  Lat.  41°  55'  N, 

Rodosto,  or  Rodosdschig,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, near  the  sea  of  Marmora,  55  m.  N.  E.  Gal- 
lipoli,  68  W.  Constantinople.  Lon.  27°  25'  16''  E. 
Lat.  40°  58'  34"  N.     Pop.  16,000. 

Rodostopos,  hamlet,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  12 
m.  N.  Joannina. 

Rodrigues  Key,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Florida,  one 
of  the  Tortugas.     Lon.  81°  17'  W.  Lat.  25°  N. 

Roe,  r.  Ireland,  in  Donegal,  which  runs  intfr 
Lough  Foyle,  2  m.  N.  W.  Limavaddy. 

Roebuck  Island,  small  isl.  N.  Y.  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  lake  Ontario. 

Roer,  or  Ruhr,  2  rivers  of  the  Prussian  states  : 
the  one  flowing  through  Lower  Rhine,  and  Cleves- 
and-Berg,  passes  by  Duren  and  Juliers,  aud  falls 


63)^ 


ROM 


R  O  M 


into  the  Maese ;  the  other  joins  the  Rhine  be- 
tween Ruhrort  and  Duisburg. 

Roeulx,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainault,  8  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Mons.     Pop.  2,500. 

Rofrano,  t  Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra,  12 
Hi.  N.  N.  W.  Policaatro.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rogasen,  t.  Prussian  Poland,  24  m.  N.  by  E. 
Posen.     Pop.  3,500. 

Rogatichev,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Dnieper,  54  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Mohilev. 

Rogaa,  V.  Prussian  Saxony,  14  ni.  N.  by  E.  Mag- 
debur*.     Pop.  800. 

Rogersmills,  p-v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 

Rogerstown,  t.  Missouri,  40  m.  S.  W,  St.  Louis. 

Rogersiille,  p-t.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

Rogersville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Hawkins  co.  Tennes- 
see, on  the  Holston.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
Carter's  valley,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing-office.  In  1816, 
a  salt  lick  was  discovered  about  9  miles  N.  W.  of 
this  place,  from  which  it  is  expected  the  surroun- 
ding country  may  be  supplied  with  salt.  65  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Knoxville. 

Roggenburg,  t.  Bavaria,  14  m,  S.  E.  Ulm.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Roggeveld,  Upper,  Middle,  and  Lillle,  three  dis- 
tricts in  the  N.  part  of  the  territory  of  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope. 

Rogliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  7  m.  S. 
by  E.  Cosenza.     Pop.  3,400. 

Rognes,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  12 
m.  N.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rohan,  t.  France,  in  Moibihan,  30  m.  N.  Van- 
nes.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rolianpore,  t.  Bengal,  in  Mouldah,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Mahanuddy  river.  Lon.  88°  26'  E. 
Lat.  24°  48'  N. 

Rohan- Rohan,  t.  France,  in  Two- Sevres,  6  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Niort.     Pop.  1,900. 

Rohilcund,  properly  Kuttaher,  valuable  district, 
Hind,  formerly  belonging  to  the  province  of  Delhi, 
but  now  included  in  the  district  of  Bareily.  It  is 
situated  between  the  Ganges  and  Gogra,  and  be- 
tween 28°  and  30°  N.  lat.  It  was  ceded  to  the 
British  in  1801. 

Rohitsch,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  21  m.  E.  Cilley. 

Rohnstock,  v.  Austrian  states,  2  m.  from  Jauer. 

Rohr,  t.  Bavaria,  16  m.  S.  Ratisbon,  7  E.  S.  E. 
Abensberg. 

Rohra,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  2  m.  E.  Meinungen. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Rohrheim,  or  Great  Rohrheim,  v.  Germany,  13 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rohrsdorf  Bober,  v.  Prussian  states,  on  the  So- 
ber, 57  m.  W.  by  S.  Breslan.     Pop.  1,600. 

Rohrsdorf,  Gross,  v.  Saxony,  11  m.  N.  E.  Dres- 
den.    Pop.  2,000. 

Roibon,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  22  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Grenoble.     Pop.  2,300. 

Roiselle,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  6  m.  E.  Peronne. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Rokitzan,  or  Rokyczany,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  E. 
Pilsen,  42  W.  S.  W.  Prague.     Pop.  2,300. 

Rolland,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  about  9  miles  in 
circumference.     Lon.  68°  43'  E.  Lat.  48°  37'  N. 

Rolle,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Geneva.     Pop.  2,400. 

Rolpah,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  82°  5'  E. 
Lat.  29°  22' N. 

Rom,  small  isl.  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sleswick,  8  miles  long  and  2  broad.  Pop.  1,500. 
Lon.  8°  31' E,  Lat.  55°  9' N. 


Rom  Islands,  2  small  islands,  N.  Y.  at  the  E. 
end  of  Long  Island,  in  Fisher's  island  sound,  be- 
longing to  Southhold. 

Roma,  Campagna  di.    See  Campngna. 

Roma,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  127°20'E. 
Lat.  7°  35' N. 

Roniagna,  province,  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the 
Church,  on  the  Adriatic,  and  bounded  N.  by  the 
Ferrarese.     The  capital  is  Ravenna. 

Romagnano,  t.  Sardinian  states,  20  m.  N.  Ver- 
celli. 

Romainville,  v.  France,  5  m.  E.  Paris.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Roman,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Moldava  and  Sereth,  45  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Jassy,  145  W.  Bender. 

Roman,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  21 
leagues  E.  N.  E.  Charleston  lighthouse.  Lon.  79° 
30'  W.  Lat.  33°  5'  N. 

Roman,  Cape,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Florida,  20J 
leagues  N.  VV.  by  N.  Cape  Sable. 

Romania,  Rumelia,  or  Rum-Ili,  province,  Eu. 
Turkey,  bounded  N.  by  Serviaand  Bulgaria;  E. 
by  the  Black  sea ;  S.  by  the  sea  of  Marmora,  the 
Archipelago,  and  the  Mediterranean ;  and  W.  by 
Albania.  The  whole  of  this  fine  country,  com- 
prising Thrace,  Macedon,  and  ancient  Greece,  is 
in  a  very  backward  state  of  civilization. 

Romano,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  26  m.  E.  Milan-  Pop. 
3,200. 

Romano,  t.  Piedmont,j5  m.  S.  Ivrea.  Pop.  2,000. 

Romanov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Jaroslav,  on  the 
Volga,  34  m.  N.  W.  Jaroslav.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Romanov,  or  Romanovka,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk, 
22  m.  W.  by  N.  Sluck,  65  S.  S.  W.  Minsk. 

Romanov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Jaroslav,  on  the  Vol- 
ga, 16  m.  \W.  N.  W.  Jaroslav.  Lon.  39°  40'  E.  Lat. 
57"  46'  N.     Pop.  4,200, 

Romans,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  on  the  Isere,  1 1 
m.  N.  E.  Valence,  28  W.  S.  W.  Grenoble.  Pop. 
6,500. 

Romblon,  or  Romblino,  one  of  the  smaller  Phi- 
lippine islands,  30  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
121°  58'  E.  Lat.  12°  40'  N. 

Rome,  a  large  and  famous  city  of  Italy,  for- 
merly the  seat  of  the  Roman  empire,  and  the 
capital  of  the  world,  is  built  chiefly  on  the  left  or 
eastern  bank  of  the  Tiber,  15  m.  from  its  mouth, 
100  N.  W.  Naples,  The  space  inclosed  by  walls, 
approaches  to  the  form  of  a  square,  and  is  about 
13  miles  in  circuit,  but  a  considerable  portion  of  it 
is  covered  with  vineyards,  corn  fields,  or  villas, 
the  close  population  occupying  little  more  than  a 
third  of  the  space  included  within  the  walls. — 
The  streets  of  Rome  have  seldom  any  foot  pave- 
ment :  a  number  of  them  are  long  and  straight, 
and  not  unfrequently  terminated  by  an  obelisk,  a 
fountain,  and  a  church,  but  they  are  generally 
narrower  than  those  of  Lordon.  The  houses  are 
partly  of  stone,  partly  of  brick,  and  frequently 
covered  with  stucco.  The  squares  are  small,  but 
numerous,  and  in  general  adorned  with  obelisks, 
fountains,  or  other  monuments. — The  wall  that 
surrounded  Rome  in  the  time  of  the  emperors,  is 
in  many  places  in  good  preservation.  Among  the 
ancient  edifices  is  the  Pantheon  or  Rotunda,  a 
structure  distinguished  equally  for  solidity  and 
elegance.  Its  beauty  consists  in  its  proportions. 
A  still  more  imposing  object  is  the  amphitheatre 
of  Vespasian,  a  structure  of  an  oval  form,  581  feet 
long,  481  broad,  and  1,616  in  circumference,  be- 
ing the  largest  amphitheatre  ever  knowii.  It  has 
been  much  dilapidated,  but  there  remains  euoqgh 


ROM 

of  the  great  circular  wall  to  form  a  most  striking 
and  sublime  object.     Of  the  triumphal  arches  of 
ancient  Rome,  the  only  one  remaining  entire  is 
the  arch  of  Constantine,  with  its  pillars,  statues, 
imd  has  reliefs,  all  of  the  finest  marble.     Trajan's 
I  pillar  still  stands  on  the  spot  where  it  was  erected 
;  by  that  emperor,  and  is  still  covered  with  admi- 
rable   bas  reliefs,   representing    his    expedition 
.  against  the  Dacians.     The  pillar  is  of  marble;  its 
)  diameter  at  the  base  is  1 1  feet,  at  the  top  10 ;  its 
i  total  height  133. — Of  the  ancient  Roman  roads, 
'  several,  such  as  the  Via  Latina,  the  Via  Vitellia, 
I  the  Via  Aureiia,  still  serve  to  ap})roach  the  Capi- 
I  tol. — Of  the  ancient  aqueducts,  there  remain  only 
I  three;  yet  their  supply  of  water  is  extremely  co- 
pious.    The  sewers  are  now  much  obstructed  by 
I  stones  and  earth.     As  to  public  baths,  those  great 
;  objects  of  Roman  luxury,  there  remain  of  those 
i  of  Caracalla  little  but  the  walls;  but  the  baths  of 

!  Titus  are  in  better  preservation. — Of  the  various 
theatres  and  circuses  of  ancient  Rome,  hardly  a 
vestige  remains. 
i       No  city  in  Europe  is  superior  to  modern  Rome 
j  in  the  number  and  magnificence  of  its  churches. 
1  The  principal  is  that  of  St.  Peter's,  in  which  the 
i  arts  of  architecture,  sculpture,  and  painting,  are 
;  all  displayed  in  the  highest  perfection.     It  was 
t  commenced  in  1506,  and  no  less  than  18  successive 
;   Popes  v/ere  employed  in  its  construction.     The 
most  celebrated  architects  of  modern  times,  Bra- 
mante,  Raphael,  Michael  Angelo,  Vignola,  Ma- 
j  derno,  and  Bernini,  have  displayed  their  talents 
;   on  this  vast  undertaking,  the  total   expense  of 
i   which  must  have  amounted  to  at  least  12,000,000/. 
j  sterling.     Entering  a  circular  court  formed  by  a 
f   vast  colonnade,  the  spectator  is  struck  by  the  ma- 
1  jestic  front  of  the  building,  extending  400  feet  in 
\  length,  and  rising  to  the  height  of  180.     The  eye 
j   is  at  the  same  time  gratified  with  the  majestic 
I   dome,  riying  from  the  central  part  of  the  roof  of 
the  church,  to  a  height  which,  reckoning  from  the 
ground,  is  424  feet.     The  interior  of  the  church 
corresponds  perfectly  with  its  outward  grandeur. 
Five  lofty  portals  open  into  the  portico,  a  gallery 
extending  across  the  width  of  the  edifice,  and  re- 
sembling in  size  a  cathedral.     This  magnificent 
entrance  is  paved  with  marble,  covered  by  a  gild- 
ed vault,  and  closed  at  either  end  by  statues.    Op- 
posite to  the  five  ixjrtals  are  five  doors,  each  lead- 
ing into  the  church.     On  entering  any  of  these, 
:he  spectator  beholds  the  most  spacious  hall  ever 
constructed  by  human  art,  expanding  in  magnifi- 
cent perspective,  its  length  being  above  600  Eng- 
lish feet. 

There  are  three  palaces  belonging  to  the  Pope, 
yjz.  the  Lateran,  the  Quirini,  and  the  Vatican. 
The  Vatican  was  erected  by  difTerent  architects 
\t  different  eras,  and  forms  not  one,  but  an  assem- 
blage of  edifices.  Its  extent  is  immense,  and  the 
lumber  of  its  rooms,  great  and  small,  is  estimated 
it  10,000.  The  palaces  belonging  to  private  fam- 
ilies are  numerous,  and  remarkable  for  their  size 
md  internal  decorations. 

Rome  is  the  seat  of  several  seminaries  ;  a  uni- 
versity, a  G'reek,  a  German,  and  a  Jesuit  college. 
The  Propaganda,  or  college  for  the  diffusion  of  the 
Christian  faith,  is  on  an  extensive  scale,  contain- 
ing a  number  of  youths  of  different  nations,  and  a 
press  for  printing  books  in  more  than  thirty  lan- 
guages ;  but  the  fame  of  modern  Rome  lies  not  in 
literature,  but  in  the  fine  arts.  It  has  long  been  a 
resort  for  painters,  sculptors,  and  architects,  from 
various  couutric?.   The  private  collections  of  pic- 

BO 


ROM" 


633 


turea,  statues,  and  antiquities,  are  numerous  and 
extensive. — Of  the  libraries,  by  far  the  largest  is 
that  of  the  Vatican :  an  immense  collection,  but 
deficient  in  late  publications. — Pop.  in  1817, 
131,000,  of  whom  9,000  were  Jews.  The  num- 
ber of  Catholic  inhabitants  connected  with  the 
church,  as  priests,  monks,  or  nuns,  is  computed  at 
7,000  or  8,000. 

Rmne  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  22  m.  N.  Augus- 
ta.    Pop.  505. 

Rome,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.on  the  Mohawk,  15 
m.  N.  W.  Utica,  108  W.  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,000.  The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  alter- 
nately here  and  at  Whitesboro'.  Rome  stands  oa 
the  site  of  the  celebrated  Fort  Stanwix.  It  is  at 
the  head  of  boat  navigation  on  the  river,  which  is 
here  connected  with  Wood  creek  by  a  canal  1^ 
miles  in  length,  navigable  for  boats  of  15  tons. 
The  village  contains  about  200  houses  and  stores, 
a  brick  courthouse  and  jail,  a  Presbyterian  meet- 
ing-house, a  brick  arsenal  belonging  to  the  State, 
and  an  elegant  stone  arsenal  belonging  to  the  U. 
States.  The  Erie  canal  runs  about  80  rods  west 
of  the  village.  Rome  is  situated  at  the  meeting 
of  a  number  of  important  roads,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  business. 

Rome,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Romelsoe,  small  islands  in  the  gulf  of  Botlinia. 
Lon.  21°  E.  Lat.  64°  55  N. 

Romen,  or  Romni,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Poltava,  100 
m.  N.  N.  W,  Poltava,  112  E.  S.  E.  Czemigov. 

Romersladt,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  27 
m.  N.  Olmutz.     Pop.  1,000. 

Romescamps,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Grand  villiers.     Pop.  1,100. 

Romelta,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Denaona,  5  ra. 
N.  W.  Messina. 

Romford,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  17  m.  S.  W.  Chelms- 
ford, 12  E.  N.  E.  London.     Pop.  3,244. 

Romhild,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinungen,  17 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Meinungen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Romilcy,  or  Romleigh,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  near 
Altrincham.     Pop.  1,015. 

Romilly,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  12  m.  E.  Nogent 
sur  Seine,  23  X.  E.  Troyes.     Pop.  2,000. 

RomiUy  sur  Andelle,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  near 
Pont  del' Arche.     Pop.  1,300. 

Romishom,  or  Romanshorn,  t.  Switzerland,  in 
Thurgau,  on  the  lake  of  Constance,  1 1  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Constance. 

Romkala,  the  ruins  of  a  large  castle  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 60  m.  N.  E.  Aleppo. 

Romney,  JVetv,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  one  of  the 
Cinque  Ports,  on  a  rising  ground  in  the  centre  of 
Romney  Marsh.  Romney  Marsh  is  an  extensive 
level  of  the  richest  pasture  land  in  England.  71 
m.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  56'  E.  Lat.  50°  59'  N. 
Pop.  850. 

Romney,  t.  Keot  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake  Erie. 

Rovmey,  t.  and  cap.  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  S.  W,  branch  of  the  Potomac,  50 
m.  N.  Winchester,  1 90  N.  W.  Richmond.  It  con- 
tains a  courthouse  and  jail,  and  about  70  dwel- 
ling-houses. 

Romoraniin,  U  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  25 
m.  S.  E.  Blois.     Pop.  6,000. 

Romrod,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  22 
m.  iN.  W.  Fulda.     Pop.  900. 

Romsdal,  district,  Norway,  in  Drontheim. 
Chief  town,  Christiansund. 

Ramsey,  or  Rtimsey,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  on  the 
Test,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Southampton,  74  W.  by  S. 
London,  Lon.  1° 31' W.  Lat  50'59'N.  Pop.  5,217 


634 


R  O  O 


R  OS 


Romsoe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt. 
Lon.  10"  48'  E.  Lat.  55°  30'  N. 

Romulus,  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Cayuga  lake,  10  m.  N.  Ovid,  200  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  2,766. 

Romsee,  t.  Netherlands,  5  m.  from  Liege.  Pop. 
1,000. 

RoTia,  small  isl.  in  the  Northern  ocean,  16 
leagues  N.  W.  the  Butt  of  Lewis.  Lon.  6"  W, 
Lat.  58°  32'  N. 

Ronaldshay,  JVorth,  small  isl.  of  the  Orkneys,  2 
miles  long,  2  leagues  N.  of  the  isle  of  Sanday. 

Ronaldshay,  South,  the  most  southern  of  the 
Orkney  islands,  six  miles  long.     Pop.  1,600. 

Roncador,  small  isl.  in  the  Carribean  sea,  35 
m,  E.  N.  E.  Old  Providence.  Lon.  80°  4'  W.  Lat. 
13°  32'  S. 

Roncaglia,  v.  Italy,  in  Parma,  on  the  Po,  8  m. 
E.  Piacenza. 

Roncesvallcs,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  14  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Pampeluna. 

Ronciglione,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
12  m.  S.  Viterbo,  30  N.  N.  W.  Rome. 

Roncq,  L  France,  in  North,  8  m.  N.  Lisle.  Pop. 
2,900. 

Ronda,  t.  Spain,  in  Granada,  on  the  Guadiaro, 
romantically  situated  on  the  top  of  a  mountain. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  leather  and  silk  stuffs. 
The  environs  are  well  cultivated  and  fertile.  Pop. 
of  the  town  and  suburbs,  20,000.  38  ni.  W.  by  N. 
Malaga,  48  S.  E.  Seville. 

Ronde,  Rhonde  Island,  or  Redonda,  one  of  the 
Grenadines,  dependant  on  the  island  of  Grenada, 
in  the  W.  Indies.     Lon.  61°  39'  W.  Lat.  12°  19'  N. 

Rondehaye,  La,  v.  France,  in  La  Manche,  6  m. 
N.  Coutances.     Pop.  1,000. 

Rondizone,  t.  Piedmont,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turin. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Ronne,  or  Ronde,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Bornholm,  93  m.  E.  S.  E.  Copenhagen.  Pop. 
2,200. 

Ronneburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Altenburg,  belong- 
ing to  Saxe-Gotha,  12  m.  S.  W.  Altenburg,  60  W. 
Dresden.  Lon.  12°  5'  E.  Lat.  50"  48'  N.  Pop. 
2,600. 

Ronnen,  small  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Laaland.     Lon.  11°  15'  E.    Lat.  56"  5'  N. 

Ron7iow,  t.  Bohemia,  7  m.  S.  E.  Czaslau.  Pop. 
900. 

Ronsberg,  t.  Bohemia,  24  m.  W.  N.  W.  Klattau. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Ronsdorf,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Cleves-and- 
Berg,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3,400. 

Rooderpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi.  Lon.  79°  29'  E. 
Lat.29"l'N. 

Roody  Sand,  or  Waveren,  a  district  in  the  terri- 
tory of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  situated  behind 
the  mountains  of  Drakenstein.  It  abounds  in 
grain,  pulse,  fruits,  and  wine.  70  m.  E.  of  Cape 
Town. 

Roog.     See  Baliic  Port. 

Roonay,  t.  Bengal,  in  Birbhoora.  Lon.  87°  E. 
Lat.  24°  26'  N. 

Roopnagur,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75° 
52' E.  Lat.  26"  39' N. 

Roopoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  on  the  S.  E.  bank  of 
the  riv«r  Suttelege.  Lon.  75°  50'  E.  Lat.  31° 
7'N. 

Roosebecke,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  8 
m.  N.  Courtrai,  20  S.  W.  Ghent.     Pop.  4,000. 

Rooserille,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Roots,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  S.  Raveftfla. 
Pop.  in  1815,  400. 


Roosseivdael,  I.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant^ 

7  m.  E,  N.  E.  Bergen-op-Zoom.     Pop.  4,600. 
Roque,  point  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.     Lon.  35° 

45' W.  Lat.  5"  3' S. 

Roque  d'' Jlntheron,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-thc- 
Rhone,  15  m.  N.  W.  Aix.     Pop.  1,300. 

Roquebrou,  t.  France,  in  Cantal,  14  m.  W.  An 
rillac,  22  S.  W.  Mauriac.     Pop.  1,300. 

Roquebrune,  t.  France,  in  Var,  12  m.  S.  by  E. 
Draguignan.     Pop.  1,700. 

Roqv^brussanne,  i.  France,  in  Var,  16  m.  N. 
Toulon.     Pop.  1,500. 

Roquecort,  L  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  20 
m.N.  E.Agen.     Pop.  1,500. 

Roquecourbe,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  S^m.  N.  N.  E. 
Castres.     Pop.  1,500. 

Roquefeuil,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  22  m.  S.  W.  Li- 
moux.     Pop.  900. 

Roquefort,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  14  m.  N.  E- 
Mont  de  Marsan.     Pop.  1,400. 

Roquelaure,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  6  m.  N.  Auch- 
Pop.  1,800. 

Roquemaure,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m.  N.  Avig- 
non.    Pop.  3,200. 

Roquepic,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas.  Lon.  65°  14 
E.  Lat.  9"  56'  N. 

Roquetaillade,  fief,  Buckingham  co.  Lowei 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  5  m. 
S.  VV.  Three- Rivers. 

Roque  Timbaut,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Garonne, 

8  ra.  N.  E.  Agen.     Pop.  1,200; 

Roquevaire,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
14  m.  N.  E.  Marseilles,  15  S.  by  E.  Aix.  Pop. 
3,100. 

Roraas,  t,  Norway,  in  Drontheim,  67  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Drontheim.    Pop.  3,000. 

Rorgen,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lojver 
Rhine,  near  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  3,000. 

Rorschach,  or  Roschach,  t.  Switz.  on  the  lake  of 
Constance,  6  m.  N.  E.  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2,800. 

Rosa,  Mount,  mountain,  Switzerland,  next  to 
Mont  Blanc,  the  highest  in  Europe.  It  is  between 
the  canton  of  the  Valais  and  Piedmont,  to  the 
east  of  Mont  Cervin.  Height,  according  to  Saus- 
sure,  15,600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea  ;  ac- 
cording to  sir  George  Shuckburgh,  15,240  feet. 

Rosalgate,  the  E.  point  of  Arabia.  Lon.  60°  10' 
E.  Lat.  22" 20' N. 

Rosani,  cape,  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  of  Ro- 
mania.    Lon.  24°  14'  E.  Lat.  40"  35'  N. 

Rosana,  orRoscienie,  i.  Russia,  in  Grodno,  56  m. 
S.  by  W.  Novogrodek. 

Rosaria,  El,  t.  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  400  m.  N.  W. 
Mexico.  Lon.  106"  9'  VV.Lat.  23°28'N.  Pop.  5,600. 

Rosario,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  75  m.  S.  Santa  Fe. 
Lon.  60"  51' W.  Lat.  32"  56'  S. 

Rosario,  r.  New  Grenada,  in  Carthagena, 
which  communicates  with  the  Magdalena,  and 
with  the  Cauca. 

Rosarno,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  5  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Nicotera,  30  N.  by  E.  Reggio.     Pop.  2,500. 

Rosas,  (an.  Rhodia,)  i.  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Catalonia,  22  m.  N.  E.  Cerona.  Lon.  3"  10'  13" 
E.  Lat.  43°  16'  6''  N.    Pop.  2,600. 

Rosate,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mi- 
Ian. 

Rosbach,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  10  m.  W.  Lutzen, 

9  S.  S.W.  Merseburg.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
victory  obtained  by  the  Prussians,  under  Freder- 
ick II.  over  the  French,  in  November  1757.  Pop. 
500. 

Rosbach,  Upper,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darm 


R  O  S 

atadt,  10  m.  N.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Rosbegh,  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  9"  52'  W  Lat.  52"  6'  N. 

Roschestvensk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  32  m.  S,  by  W.  St. 
Petersburg. 

Roschild,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
15  m.  W.  Copenhagen. 

Roscof,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  on  the  coast,  3 
m.  N.  St.  Pol  de  Leon.     Pop,  2,500. 

Roscommon,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  S.  by  Gal- 
way,  W.  by  Mayo,  N.  by  Sligo,  N.  E.  by  Leitrim, 
E.  by  Longford  and  Westmeath.  It  is  a  flat  open 
country,  in  some  places  sprinkled  with  rocks  and 
extensile  bogs.  Area,  541  square  miles.  Pop. 
36,000. 

Roscommon,  t.  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  36 
m.  N.  E.  Galway,  68  N.  x\.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  8° 
3'  W.  Lat.  53"  35'  N. 

Roscommon,  p-v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

Ruse,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  335. 

Rose's  Island,  small  isl.  of  Florida,  at  the  en- 
trance into  Pensacola  bay. 

Rose  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca.    Lon.  146"  50'  W.  Lat.  58''  35'  N. 

Roseau,  or  Charlotte  Town,  the  capital  of  Dom- 
inica, in  the  W.  Indies,  is  on  a  point  of  land  on 
the  S.  W.  side  of  the  island,  between  two  bays. 
Lon.  61"  27'  W.  Lat.  15"  25'  N. 

Roseburg,  p-t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

Rosemarket,  v.  Wales,  in  Pembi-oke,  4  m.  from 
Haverford  West. 

Rose  Mills,  p-v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 

Rosenau,  or  Rosnau,  t.  Hungary,  9  m.  N.  E. 
Gomer,  24  N.  Caschau.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
Pop.  3,200. 

Rosenau,  t.  Transylvania,  7  m.  S.  W.  Cronstadt. 

Rosenberg,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Waag,  23  m.  N. 
by  E.  Neusohl.     Pop.  2, 1 00. 

Rosenberg,  t.  West  Prussia,  11  m.  E.  Marien- 
werder.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rosenberg,  t.  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  22  m.  S. 
Budweis.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rosenberg,  t.  Baden,  37  m.  E.  by  N.  Heidelberg. 
Pop.  800. 

Rosenberg,  t.  Prussian  States,  24  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Oppeln.     Pop.  1,400. 

Rosenburg,  Great,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Saale,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1,000. 

Rosendorf,  v.  Bohemia,  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Dresden. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Roseness,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Pomona.     Lon.  2"  42'  VV.  Lat.  58"  45'  N. 

Rosenfeld,  t.  Wirtemberg,  38  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stut- 
gard.    Pop.  1,000, 

Rosengyn,  one  of  tlie  Banda  isles,  7  m.  S.  E. 
Lantore. 

Rosenheim,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Inn,  38  m.  W. 
Salzburg.     Pop.  1,700. 

Rosenthal,  t.  Bohemia,  20  m.  S.  Budweis.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Rosenthal,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  12  m. 
N.Marburg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rosenthal,  or  Rozmital,  t.  Bohemia,  40  m.  S.  S. 
W.Prague.     Pop.  1,100. 

Roses,  Islands  of,  2  small  islands  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  17"  S. 

Roseto,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  13  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Lucera.     Pop,  2,800, 

Rosetta,  a  city  of  Egypt,  situated  near  the  mouth 
of  that  branch  of  the  Nile  called  by  the  ancients 
the  Bolbitine,  but  now  the  canal  of  Rosetta,  The 
,  Egypt  in  carried  on  chiefly  from 


R  O  S 


635 


the  port  of  Alexandria ;  but  Rosetta  forms  the  me- 
dium of  communication  between  that  city  and 
Cairo,  Rosetta  is  better  built  than  Alexandria  : 
the  houses  are  not,  as  in  most  parts  of  Egypt, 
composed  of  mud,  but  of  brick.  Compared  with 
other  eastern  cities,  it  has  a  neat  and  pleasing  ap- 
pearance, and  is  distinguished  by  the  beauty  of  its 
environs.  The  merchants  residing  at  Rosetta  are 
chiefly  Turks,  and  natives  of  Syria.  A  considera- 
ble proportion  of  ths  population  consists  of  Copts. 
Lon.  30"  28'  E.  Lat.  31"  24'  N. 

Roseville,  p-v.  Dela%vare  co.  N.  Y. 

Rosheim,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  14  m.  W. 
by  S.  Strasburg.     Pop.  3,400. 

Rosienie,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  76  m.  S.  Mit~ 
tau,  100  N.  E.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  41"  57'  E.  Lat. 
55"30'N. 

Rosieres,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  17  m.  E.  by  S. 
Amiens,     Pop.  2,800. 

Rosieres  aux  Salins,  t.  France,  in  Meurthe,  on 
the  river  Meurthe,  6  m.  W.  Luneville,  12  S.  E. 
Nancy.     Pop.  2,200. 

Hosiers,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  9  m.  N. 
W.  Saumur,  18  S.  E.  Angers.     Pop.  3,800. 

Rosiers,  Cape,  the  S.  cape  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  in  the  district  of  Gaspe, 
Lower  Canada.     Lon.  63"  40'  W.  Lat.  48°  56'  N. 

Rosignano,  t.  Sardinian  States,  6  m.  S.  Casale, 
Pop.  2,000. 

Rosito,  cape,  Italy,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Calabria. 
Lon.  16"  40'  E.  Lat.  40"  5'  N. 

Rosla,  t,  Prussian  Saxony,  36  m,  W,  Halle,  10 
S.  S.E.  Stolberg.     Pop.  1,400. 

Roslavl,  t.  ^u.  Russia,  in  Smolensko,  60  ra.  S. 
S.  E.  Smolensk.     Pop.  4,000. 

Rostin,  v.  Scotland,  in  Mid-Lothian,  remarkable 
for  an  ancient  chapel  and  castle.  Roslin  castle  is 
on  a  rock  in  a  deep  glen,  and  is  accessible  only  by 
a  bridge  of  great  height.      7  m.  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 

Rosmalen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Nortli  Bi-abant,  3 
m.  N.  E.  Bois  le  Due.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rosman^s,Y)-v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

Rosmarinhal,  t.  Portugal,  8  m.  W.  Alcantara, 
in  Spain,  51  E.  Abrautes. 

Rosmarino,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Val  di  Demona,  1 1 
m.  N.  E.  Mistretta. 

Rosny,  v.  France,  near  the  Seine,  3  m.  W. 
Mantes.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  duke  of  Sully, 
minister  to  Henry  IV. 

Rosoy,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Marne,  17  m.N. 
E.  Mel'un.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rosoy,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  25  m.  N.  E.  Laon, 
Pop,  1,400, 

Ross,  county,  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Suther- 
land, E.  by  Cromarty  and  Moray  frith,  S.  by  In- 
verness-shire, and  W.  by  the  ocean.  Area,  2,070 
square  miles.     Pop,  60,853. 

Ross,  t.  Eng.  in  Hereford  co.  on  the  Wye.  The 
Man  of  Ross,  celebrated  by  Pope,  was  John  Kyrle, 
who  resided  here,  and  spent  his  income  in  acts  of 
benevolence.  12  m.  S,  E,  Hereford,  115  W,  by 
N.London.  Lon, 2° 35' W.  Lat  51"  54' N,  Pop, 
2,261. 

Ross,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Cork  co,  on  a  bay  to  which 
it  gives  name,  25  m,  S.  W.  Cork. 

Ross,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa,     Pop.  1,327. 

Ross,  co,  Ohio,  watered  by  the  Scioto.  Pop.  in 
1819,  18,200.     Chief  town,  Chillicothe. 

Ross,  t,  Greene  co,  Ohio. 

Ross,  t,  Butler  co,  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  8  m.  be- 
low Hamilton. 

Ross,  JVew,  s-p,  Ireland,  in  Wexford  co.  on  the 
Barrow,  which  is  navigable  to  the  town  for  vessels 


^6^ 


ROT 


of  400  tons.  17m.  W.  Wexford,  1 1  N.  E.  Water- 
ford.    Lon.  6"  58'  W.  Lat.  52"  22'  N. 

Rosmno,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  30  m.  N. 
E.  Cosenza,  110  N.  N.  E.  Reggio.  Lon.  16°  44' 
E.  Lat.  39°  38'  N.  It  is  the  see  of  au  archbishop. 
Pop.  7,000. 

Rossberg,  a  mountain  of  the  interior  of  Switzer- 
land, near  the  E.  bank  of  the  lake  of  Zug.  A  part 
of  the  mountain  fell  in  1806  and  buried  a  village, 
destroying  more  than  100  hunlan  lives. 

Ros.idorf,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinungen,  10 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Meinungen.     Pop.  900. 

Rosiel,  t.  East  Prussia,  51  m.  S.  S.  E.  Konigs- 
berg.    Pop.  2,300. 

Rossena,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Parma,  14  m. 
a.  S.  E.  Parma. 

Rossie,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  above  Ogdensburg. 

Rossleben,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Unstrut, 
23  m.  W.  Merseberg.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rossville,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa. 

Rossville,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  the  great  Mi- 
ami, opposite  Hamilton.     Pop.  1,321. 

Rossiille,t.  New  Madrid  co.  Missouri.] 

Rossville,  p-v.  in  the  Cherokee  nation.  Ten.  on 
the  S.  side  of  Tennessee  river,  4  m.  below  the 
mouth  of  Chickamaugah  creek,  50  S.  S.  W. 
Washington,  (Ten.) 

Rosswein,  or  Ruspen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Frey- 
berg  Mulda,  24  m.  W.  Dresden.     Pop.  2,700. 

Rostak,  city  of  Ommon,  in  Arabia,  70  m.  W. 
Maskat. 

Rostock,  t.  Germany,  in  the  grjnd  duchy  of 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Warnow,  8  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  is  the  largest  place,  and  the 
only  seaport  of  consequence  in  the  states  of  the 
grand  duke.  It  has  a  university  with  20  profes- 
sors, and  about  170  students.  Its  chief  export 
is  corn.  The  annual  number  of  arrivals,  great 
and  small,  is  about  600  sail.  It  was  the  birth- 
place of  marshal  Blucher,  and  is  40  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Stralsund.    Pop.  13,000. 

Rostorf,  v.  Hanover,  3  m.  S.  W.  Gottingen. 

Rostov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Jaroslav,  40  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Jaroslav.     Pop.  5,000. 

Rostov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Don,  between 
Azov  and  Tschcrkask. 

Roslrencn,  t.  France,  in  Cotes  du  Nord,  25  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Guingamp,  33  S.  W.  St.  Brieux.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Rota,  t.  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Cadiz  bay,  7  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cadiz.     Pop.  6,000. 

Rotai,  or  Roltc,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  27 
m.  S.  W.  Timor. 

Rotas.    See  Rhotas. 

Rotebro,  t.  Sweden,  in  Upland,  30  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Stockholm. 

Rolenburg,  t.  Switzerland,  4  m.  N.  Lucerne. 

Rotenburg,  t.  Hanover,  24  m.  E.  Bremen,  14  N. 
N.  E.  Verden.     Pop.  800. 

Roth,  t.  Wirtembergr,  25  m.  S.  Ulm,  12  E.  S.  E. 
Biberach.     Pop.  900.  '^ 

Rothbaek,  v.  Bavarian  States,  3  m.  N.  W.  Ait- 
dorf. 

Rotkberg.     Sec  Rougemonl. 

Rothehuiie,  v.  Hanover,  near  Elbingerode.  Pop. 
700. 

Roikenaeker,  v.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Danube, 
14  m.  above  Ulm.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rothenberg,  one  of  the  twelve  departments  into 
which  the  kingdom  of  Wirtemberg  was  divided 
in  1810.  It  contains  Stutgard,  the  capital  of  the 
kingdom     Area,  3*10  square  mUes.   Pop.  112,000. 


ROT 

Rothenbueh,  t.  Bavarian  States,  13  m.  E.  by  S. 
Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  800. 

Rothenburg  on  the  Tauber,  t.  Bavarian  States, 
28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Wurzburg,  18  W.  N.  W.  Anspach. 
Pop.  5,700. 

Rothenburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  Neisse, 

12  m.  N.  Gorlitz,  55  E.  N.  E.  Dresden.  Pop. 
900. 

Rothenburg,  v.  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Saale, 

13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Halle.     Pop.  800. 
Rothenburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  electorate  of 

Hesse,  on  the  river  Fulda,  23  m.  S.  S.  E.  Cassel, 
9  N.  Hersfeld.     Pop.  3,000. 

Rothenfeld,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Murg,  6  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Rastadt.    Pop.  900. 

Rotkenfels,  t.  Bavarian  States,  on  the  Maine,  15 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1,400. 

Rother,  r.  Eug.  which  forms  the  boundary  for  a 
short  way  between  Sussex  and  Kent,  and  falls  in- 
to the  English  channel  at  Rye. 

Rotherham,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Rother  and  Don.  Here  is  an  acad- 
emy for  the  education  of  Protestant  dissenters, 
more  particularly  the  Independents,  proposing  to 
become  clergymen.  Here  also  are  very  exten- 
sive iron  and  steel  works,  in  which  are  manufac- 
tured cannon  of  the  largest  calibre,  and  almost  ev- 
ery kind  of  cast  iron  articles.  6  m.  N.  E.  Shef- 
field, 160  N.  N.  W,  London.  Lon.  1"  22'  W.  Lat. 
53°25'N.     Pop.  2,950. 

Rotherhiihe,  parish,  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the 
Thames,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  E.  of  London 
bridge,  noted  for  its  dock-yards.     Pop.  12,114. 

Rothesay,  or  Rothsay,  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  on 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Bute,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  an  extensive  bay.  It  is  extensively  enga- 
ged in  the  herring  fishery. 

Rothesay,  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  A* 
merica.     Lon.  227°  46'  E.  Lat.  56°  37'  N. 

Rothe  Sund,  (Red  Sound,)  strait  of  the  Baltic, 
between  the  Danish  islands  of  Falster  and  La- 
land. 

Rothewisch,  v.  Saxony,  a  few  miles  from  Plauen. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Rothschen-salm,  s-p.  Finland,  on  the  gulf  of  Fin- 
land, 11  m.  W.  S.  W.  Fredericksham.  Lon.  27" 
I'E.  Lat.60"27'5T'N. 

Rothu'cil,  Upper,  v.  Baden,  13  m.  N.  W.  Frei- 
burg.    Pop.  1,100. 

Rotlmell,  V.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  4  m.  N, 
W.  by  W.  Kettering,  78i  N.  W.  by  N.  London. 
Pop.  1,451. 

Rothwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  6  m.  N.  by  E. 
Wakefield.    Pop.  5,004. 

Rotselar,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant, '9 
m.  N.  by  W.  Louvain.     Pop.  1,600. 

Rotte,  r.  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  which 
falls  into  the  Maese,  at  Rotterdam. 

Rottel,  r.  Austria,  which  falls  into  the  Danube, 
near  the  castle  of  Ottersheim. 

Rottenburg,  t.  Wirtemberg,  separated  by  the 
Neckar  from  Ehingen.     Pop.  4,700. 

Rotterdam,  a  large  commercial  city  in  Soutli 
Holland,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Maese,  which  here 
resembles  an  arm  of  the  sea,  although  nearly  20 
miles  from  its  mouth.  Though  not  fortified, 
it  is  surrounded  by  a  moat,  and  entered  by  six 
gates  towards  the  land,  and  four  towards  the  wa- 
ter. It  is  traversed  by  the  Rotte,  a  river,  or  rath- 
er broad  canal,  which  here  joins  the  Maese.  Rot- 
terdam is  intersected,  •ven  more  than  other  towns 
in  HoUaxkl,  by  cnnah,  almost  all  of  which  are  bar- 


R  O  V 

dered  with  trees.  The  houses  are  rather  conven- 
ient thao  elegant.  Their  height  is  four,  five,  or 
six  stories.  The  principal  public  buildings  are 
the  exchange,  the  great  church  of  St.  Lawrence, 
the  town-house,  the  admiralty,  the  academy,  the 
theatre,  and  the  extensive  buildings  of  the  East 
India  company.  Erasmus  was  born  here  in  1467. 
As  a  commercial  city,  Rotterdam  has  various  ad- 
vantages. Its  broad  and  deep  canals  bring  vessels 
of  large  burden  close  to  the  doors  of  the  merchants' 
warehouses.  It  has  in  several  respects  greater  ac- 
commodation than  Amsterdam,  the  Maese  being 
open,  and  the  passage  free  from  ice,  earlier  than 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  and  a  single  tide  sufficing  to  car- 
ry vessels  to  the  German  ocean.  During  the  late 
wars  in  Europe,  its  commerce  was  greatly  de- 
pressed, but  since  the  overthrow  of  Bonaparte  it 
has  rapidly  revived.  14  ra.  S.  E.  Hague,  36  S.  by 
W.  Amsterdam.  Low.  4"  29'  E.  Lat.  51°  63'  N. 
Pop.  36,000. 

Rotterdam,  or  Constantia,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
Roltingen,  t.  Bavarian  state?,  on  the  Tauber, 
9  m.  N.  E.  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1.200. 

Rottiveil,  t.  Wirtemberg,  46  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stut- 
•ard,  42  N.  W.  Constance.     Pop.  2,900. 

Rotunda,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  3 
leagues  E.  Granada.  Lat.  1 1"  56'  N. 

Rou,  or  Pido  Rou,  smallish  in  the  Chinese  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Malacca.  Lon.  102"  10' E.  Lat. 
6°  43'  N. 

Rouad,  or  Ruad,  (an.  Aradus,)  isl.  offthe  coast 
of  Syria,  nearly  opposite  Tortosa.  Lon.  36"  37'  E. 
Lat.  34°  51'  N. 

Rovado,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  W.  N.W.  Bres- 
cia. Pop.  5,000. 

Rouanne.     See  Roanne. 

Rouans,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  20  m. 
W.  Nantes.     Pop.  2,100. 

Rovasio,  t.  Piedmont,  13  m.  N.  Vercelli.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Roubaix,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  North,  6  m.  N. 
Lisle,  12  N.  W.  Turnay,  24  N.  Douay.  Pop. 
8,000. 

Roubion,  r.  France,  which  falls  into  the  Rhone 
at  Montelimart. 

Roucif,  t.  France,  on  the  river  Aisne,  11  m.  6. 
E.  Laon.    Pop.  90O. 

Rouen,  city,  France,  cap.  of  the  Lower  Seine, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  70  miles  from  its 
mouth,  in  a  fertile  and  pleasant  country.  Among 
the  public  buildings  arc  the.  cathedral,  built  by 
William  the  Conqueror,  and  said  to  be  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  Gothic  architecture  in  France ; 
the  church  of  St.  Ouen,  and  that  of  St.  Maclou. 
Of  the  curiosities,  the  most  interesting  is  the 
bridge  of  boats  over  the  Seine.  Instead  of  piers, 
it  rests  on  19  large  barges,  which  fall  and  rise 
with  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide.  It  is  about  to 
be  replaced  by  an  elegant  stone  bridge,  which  is 
already  (1820)  in  a  state  of  progress.  Rouen  is 
one  of  the  principal  manufacturing  towns  in 
France,  especially  in  the  article  of  cotton  goods. 
It  has  likewise  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens, 
and  in  a  smaller  degree,  of  iron  ware,  paper,  hat^, 
and  pottery.  The  annual  value  of  all  the  manu- 
factures is  estimated  at  2,000,000/.  sterling,  and 
the  number  of  persons  employed,  at  50,000.  The 
Seine  at  Rouen  is  from  500  to  800  feet  in  width, 
and  with  the  aid  of  the  tide  brings  up  vessels  of 
150  or  200  tons.  43  m.  E.  Havre,  80  W.  N.  W. 
Paris.  Lon.  1°  6'  E.  Lat.  49"  26'  N.  Pop.  87,000. 
Roverbello,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  12  m.  N.  N.  W. 
tua. 


ROW 


est 


ir 


Rover edo,  or  Rover eith,  t.  Austrian  states,  and 
chief  place  of  a  district  in  Tyrol,  near  the  left 
bank  oi  the  Adige.  28  m.  N.  Verona,  12  S.  by 
W.  Trent.  Lon.  11°  E.  Lat.  45°  55'  N.  Fop. 
6,000. 

Rouergue,  formerly  a  province  in  the  S.  of 
France,  now  forming  the  department  of  the  Avey- 
ron. 

Roversano,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church, 
20  m.  VV.  Rimini. 

Rouffach,  or  Ruffach,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Rhine,  9  m.  S.  W.  Colmar,  23  N.  Altkirch.  Pop. 
3,300. 

Rouge,  t.  France,  in  Loire  Inferieure,  4  m.  N. 
W.  Nantes.     Pop.  2,200. 

Rouge  river,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  Detroit  river,  5  miles  below  Detroit.  It  u 
navigable  for  vessels  drawing  16  feet  water,  4 
miles,  to  the  dock  yard,  thence  for  boats  drawing 
3  feet  water,  8  miles. 

Rougemont,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  22  m.  N.  by 
E.  Besancon.     Pop.  1,200. 

Rougemont,  v.  Switz.  in  Vaud,  18  m.  E.  Vevay, 
Rough  Skelly,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  T  28'  W.  Lat.  36"  36'  N. 

Rovigno,  t.  Austrian  States,  on  the  coast  of  Is- 
tria,  on  a  rock  which  projects  into  the  sea,  and 
forms  two  good  harbours.  40  m.  S.  Triest,  37  S. 
W.  Fiume.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ravigo,  a  delegation  of  Austrian  Italy,  separa- 
ted by  the  Po  from  the  States  of  the  Church.  Ex- 
tent, 350  square  miles.     Pop.  63,000. 

Rorigo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
delegation,  is  on  the  Adigetto,  a  branch  of  the 
Adige.  18  m.  N  N  E.  Ferrara,  35  S.  S.  W.  Ve- 
nice. Lon.  11°  48'  E.  Lat.  45°  4'  N.  Pop.  9,000. 
Rouillac,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Angouleme.     Pop.  1,200. 

Roujan,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  4  m.  N.  E.  Be- 
ziers.     Pop.  1,000. 

Roulers,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  on 
the  Mandel,  a  small  river  which  falls  into  the  Lye. 
12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ypres,  18  S.  Bruges.  Pop.  8,500. 
Round  Island,  isl.  in  Bristol  bay,  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America.  Lon.  200"  6' E.  Lat.  58°  37' N. 
Round  Key,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Missis- 
sippi, 3  m.  N.  Horn  island. 

Round  Lick,  p-v.  Smith  co.  Tennessee. 
Round  Top,  a  peak  of  the  Catskill  mountains,  in 
New-York,  3,804  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea- 
Rounda,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  75°  47'  E. 
Lat.  20°  34'  N. 

Rovno,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  115  m.  N. 
E.  Lemberg.     Pop.  3,300. 

Rouse'' a  Point,  Lower  Canada,  the  W.  point  at 
tlie  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  through  Sorel  riv- 
er, a  little  above  the  45th  degree  of  N.  lat. 

Roussillon,  before  the  revolution  a  province  iu 
the  south  of  France,  now  forming  the  department 
of  the  Eastern  Pyrenees. 

Rov^iiUon,  t.  France,  in  here,  12  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Vienne.     Pop.  1,500. 

Routot,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  9  m.  E.  by  N.  Pont 
Audemer.     Pop.  1,100. 

RouviUe,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  river  Sorel,  19  m.  E.  Montreal. 

Rouvray,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  47  m.  W.  by 
N.  Dijon.     Pop.  800. 

Rowan,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  21,543. 
Slaves,  3,757.     Chief  town,  Salisbury. 

Rowe,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  17  m.  N.  W.  Green- 
field, 103  W.  N,  W.  Bostso.     Pop.  839. 


638 


R  S  H 


RUG 


Rowley,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  15  m.  N.  Salem, 
28  N.  E.  Boston.    Pop.  1,682. 

Rowley,  King's,  t.  Eug.  in  Staffordshire,  2  m. 
S.  E.  Dudley.     Pop.  4,974. 

Roxhorough,  t.  St.  Ormont  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Roxborough,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Schuylkill,  7  m.  N.  W.  Pliiladelpliia.    Pep.  1,252. 

Roxborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Person  co.  N.  C. 

jRox6wrg/i,  sometimes  called  Teviotdak,  co.  Scot- 
land, bounded  E.  and  S.  E.  by  Northumberland, 
S.  by  Northumberland  and  Cumberland,  S.  W. 
and  W.  by  Dumfries  and  Selkirk,  and  N.  and  N. 
W.  by  Berwickshire.  Extent,  about  700  square 
miles.    Pop.  37,230. 

Roxburgh,  city,  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  It 
stood  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Teviot  and  the  Tweed,  about  a  mile  S.  W. 
of  Kelso. 

Roxbury,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N.  Windsor. 
Pop.  686. 

Roxbury,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  37  m.  S.  W. 
Concord. 

Roxbury,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  2  m.  S.  W.  Bos- 
ton. Pop.  3,669.  It  was  first  settled  in  1630,  and 
is  divided  into  3  parishes. 

Roxbury,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  32  m.  N.  W.  New 
Haven,  46  S   W.  Hartford.     Pop.  1,217. 

Roxbury,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  E. 
Delhi,  56  S.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,892. 

Roxbury,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  45  m.  N.  Trenton. 
Pop.  1,563. 

Roxbury,  or  Leverings,  p-v.  Philadelphia  co. 
Pa. 

Roxbury,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  403. 

Roxbury,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

Roxo,  cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia. 
Lon.  0"  50'  W.  Lat.  37°  53'  x\. 

Roxton,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  E.  of 
Montreal, 

Roxwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  4i  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Chelmsford.     Pop.  751. 

Roy  Barcily,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  81"  12'  E. 
Lat.  26°  10'  N. 

Royal,  p-t.  Sampson  co.  N.  C . 

Royal  Isle,  large  isl.  Lake  Superior,  about  40 
miles  long,  and  13  wide.  Lon.  89°  W.  Lat.  47° 
52' N. 

Royahtown,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Ohio. 

Royalton,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  White  river, 
25  m.  N.  Windsor.  Here  is  an  academy.  Pop. 
1,758. 

Royalton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  36  m.  N.  W. 
Worcester,  70  W.  N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1 ,415. 

Royalton,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

Royalton,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Lan- 
caster. 

Royan,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gironde,  14  m.  S.  by  E.  Marennes. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Roye,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  28  m.  E.  by  S. 
Amiens.    Pop.  3,100, 

Roypoor,  t.  Bengal,  in  Midnaporc.  Lon.  87°  E. 
Lat.  24°  48'  N. 

Royston,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford  and  Cambridge 
counties,  22  m.  S.  by  E.  Huntingdon,  37  N.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  0°  r  W.  Lat.  52°  4'  N.     Pop.  1,309. 

Royton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4i  m.  S.  by  E. 
Rochdale.     Pop.  3,910. 

Roznow,  t.  Austrian  states,  in  Moravia,  35  m. 
E.  Olmutz.     Pop.  2,300. 

Rshev-Volodimirov,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Tver,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Wolga,  which  is  navigable  here. 


144  m.  W.  N.  W.  Moscow,  278  S.  S.  E.  St.  Pe- 
tersburg.    Pop.  7,400. 

Ruabon,  v.  North  Wales,  in  Denbigh,  5  m. 
from  Wrexham.     Pop.  1,137. 

Ruatan,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  30  milea 
long,  and  9  wide  ;  naturally  fortified  by  rocks  and 
shoals.  Lon.  86°  45'  W.  Lat.  16°  23'  N. 

Rubicon,  the  ancient  name  of  a  river  in  the  N. 
E.  of  Italy,  which  flowed  into  the  Adriatic  to  the 
N.  of  Rimini,  supposed  to  be  modern  Luso. 

Rubiessou;  t.  Poland,  29  m.  E.  by  N.  Zamoski, 
30  S.  S.  E.  Chelm. 

Rubio,  cape  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  N. 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  I  vica.  Lon.  r2rE.  Lat. 
39°  5'  N. 

Ruchibucto,  settlement,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New-Brunswick,  about  50  m.  from  the  S.  point  of 
the  province. 

Ruckingen,  t.  Germany,  in  Hcsse-Cassel,  5  m. 
E.  Hanau. 

Rudaw,  t.  East  Prussia,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Konigs- 
berg. 

iii{rfe/s/arf/,t.  Prussian  states,  20m.W.  Schweid- 
nitz.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ruden,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  on  the  coast  of 
Pomerania.  Lon.  13°  48'  E.  Lat.  53°  40'  N. 

Ruden.     See  Ruthen. 

Rudesheim,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Rhine,  15  m.  W.  Mentz.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rudgeky,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  near  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Trent.  9i  m.  E.  S.  E.  Stafford,  131 
N.  W.  London.     Pop.  2,213. 

Rudig,  t.  Bohemia,  23  m.  E.  S.  E.  Carlsbad. 
Pop.  800. 

Rudkioping,  t.  of  the  island  of  Langeland,  in 
Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast.  Lon.  10"  47'  45"  E. 
Lat.  54°  55' N.     Pop.  1,100. 

Rudolphsiverth.     See  J\feusladlel. 

Rudolstadf,  t.  Germany,  22  m.  S.  E.  Erfurt. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Rudolstadt,  principality.  See  Schwarzburg' 
Rudolstadt. 

Rudraprayaga,  t.  Hind,  in  Serinagur,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  Alcananda  and  Calygan- 
ga.   Lon.  79°  2'  E.  Lat.  30°  19'  N. 

Rudstedt,  Great,  v.  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchv  of  Saxe-Weimar,  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Wei- 
mar.' Pop.  800. 

Rxie,  r.  Wales,  in  Montgomeryshire,  which  runs 
into  the  Severn,  3  m.  S.  Welshpool. 

Rue,  or  Ruu;  t.  Swiss  canton  of  Friburg,  10  m. 
W.  Gruyeres,  12  N.  E.  Lausanne. 

Rue,  r.  France,  in  Auvergne,  which  falls  into 
the  Dordogne,  near  Bart. 

Rue,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  14  m.  N.  W.  Abbe- 
ville.    Pop.  1,100. 

Ruedock,  r.  Wales,  in  Merionethshire,  which 
runs  into  the  Dee  a  mile  from  Bala. 

Ruel,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  W.  Paris.   Pop.  2,500. 

Ruffach,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  8  m.  S. 
Colmar,  27  N.  N.  VV.  Bale.     Pop.  3,300. 

Ruffec,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  24  m.  N.  An- 
gouleme,  34  S.  Poitiers.     Pop.  2,100. 

Ruffietux,  t.  Savoy,  20  m.  N.  Chamberry.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Riijla,  or  Rafeo,  (an.  Alpheus,)  well  known  r. 
Greece,  in  the  Morea,  which  falls  into  the  gulf  of 
Arcadia,  opposite  the  island  of  Zante. 

Rujisco,  s-p.  Kayor,  in  Africa,  N.  of  the  Gam- 
bia, 60  m.  W.  N.  W.  Amboule. 

Rugby,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick  co.  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Avon,    It  has  a  grammar  school,  now  call- 


fl  U  N 

efl  the  college,  which  has  more  than  300  students, 
and  funds  which  yield  2,000/.  per  annum.  19  m. 
i  E.  N.  E.  Warwick,  85  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  15' 
I    W.  Lat.52"'23'N.  Pop.  1,805. 

Rugen,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  opposite  Stralsund,  on 

i    the  coast  of  Pomerania,  about  30  miles  long,  and 

!    from  15  to  25  broad.     Area,  360  square  miles. 

Pop.  28,000.     It  was  long  subject  to  Sweden,  but 

was  acquired  by  Prussia,  with  the  rest  of  Pome- 

;    rania,  in  1814. 

Rugenwald,  t.  Prussian  Pomerania,  23  m.  W. 
Stolpe,  38  E.  N.  E.  Colberg.  Lon.  16"  23'  45"  E. 
Lat.  54°  22'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Rugged  Isle,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, 'Lon.  9"  2'  W.  Lat.  51"  30'  N. 

Rugles,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  25  m.  S.  by  W.  Ev- 
reux.     Pop.  1,600. 

Ruhla,  t.  Germany,  belonging  to  Saxe-Gotha 
and  Saxe-Weimar.  14  m.  W.  by  S.  Gotha,  5  S. 
E.  Eisenach.     Pop.  2,500. 

Rufdand,  t,  Prussian  states,  on  the  Elster,  28  m. 
N.  by  E.  Dresden.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rxdinoe,  or  Run,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  off  the 
coast  of  Livonia,  belonging  to  Russia,  34  m.  E.  by 
N.  Domesness. 

Ruib,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  6  leagues 
from  Waygoo.  Lon.  130"  20'  E.  Lat.  0"  4'  N. 

Ruinenvold,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  17  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Zwolle.     Fop.  1,000. 

Rule,  r.  Scotland,  in  Roxburghshire,  which 
falls  into  the  Teviot  at  Manslees. 

Rullzhcim,  V.  Bavarian  province  of  the  Rhine, 
11  m.  E.  Landau.  Pop.  1,500. 

Rum,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  9  miles  long,  and 
from  5  to  7  broad.  Lon.  6°  17'  W.  Lat.  57°  N. 
Pop.  600. 

Riem  Key,  one  of  the  Baliama  islands,  8  or  9 
leagues  E.  of  Long  Island. 

Rumbcke,  t,  Netherlands,  in  West  Flandei-s,  20 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Bruges.     Pop.  6,000. 

Rwnburg,  t.  Bohemia,  58  m.  N.  Prague,  35  E. 
Dresden.     Pop.  2,700. 

Rumelia.     See  Romagna. 

Rumford,  formerly  the  name  of  Concord,  N.  H. 

Rumford,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N.  Paris. 
Pop.  629. 

Rumford  Academy,  p-v.  King  William  co.  Va. 

Rumigny,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  14  m.  S.  W. 
Rocroy.     Pop.  800. 

Rum- Hi.     See  Romagna. 

Rumilly,  t.  Savoy,  19  m.  N.  Chamberrv,  '7  W, 
S.  W.  Annecy.     Pop.  3,100. 

Rumley,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

Rummel,  r.  Algiers,  which-  passes  by  Constan- 
tina,  and  joins  the  Wed  el  Kibeer,  18  miles  be- 
low. 

Rummelsburg,  t.  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  33  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Coslin.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rumney,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  N.  W. 
Plymouth.     Pop.  794. 

Ruvipst,  t.  Netherlands,  7  m.  E.  by  S.  Ant- 
werp.    Pop.  2,000. 

Rumuorth,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  3^  m.  W.bv 
S.  Great  Bolton.     Pop.  768. 

Runala,  t.  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon.  74'  20'  E. 
Lat.  21"  17' N. 

Runcorn,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  4  m.  N.  by  W. 
Frodsham.     Pop.  2,060. 

Rtingpoor,  called  also  Takhut  Koondy,  district, 
Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bootan  mountains, 
and  E.  by  tlie  river  Brahmapootra.  Rungpore, 
thp.  capital,  is  on  th?  F.  bank  of  the  Gogynt  rircr. 


R  U  S 


639 


and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  with  Bootan, 
Assam,  and  Calcutta.  Lon.  89"  5'  E.  Lat.  25  " 
47' N. 

Rungpore,  an  extensive  fortress  which  defends 
Gergong,  the  ancient  capital  of  Assam.  Lon.  94' 
40'  E.  Lat.  26"  55'  N. 

Ru7ikel,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  5 
m.  E.  Limburg. 

Runnode,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  78"  15'  E. 
Lat.  25°  7'  N. 

Runnymcde,  a  meadow,  Eng.  5  m.  E.  Windsor, 
in  Surry,  celebrated  for  the  conference  held  there 
on  the  loth  June,  1215,  between  king  John  and 
the  Barons  of  England,  when  the  former  was 
compelled  to  sign  magiui  charta,  and  charta  de  fo- 
resta. 

Ruolo,  t.  Italy,  duchy  of  Modena,  8  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Novellara. 

Rupebnonde,  t.  Netherlands,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  the  Scheldt,  8  m.  S.  by  W.  Antwerp,  26  E.  by 
N.  Ghent.     Pop.  2,000. 

Rupersdorf,  or  Hoken  Rupersdorf,  t.  Austria,  oa 
the  Sulzbach,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Vienna.  Pop. 
2,300. 

Rupert,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  32  m.  N.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  1,630. 

Rupert's  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Domini- 
ca. Lon.  61"  18'  W.  Lat.  15°  40'  N. 

Rupert'' s  Head,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Domi 
nica.  Lon.  61°  19'  W.  Lat.  15"  41'  N. 

Rupnagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  74"  5'  E. 
Lat.  26°  43'  N. 

Ruppin,  JVew,  t.  Prussian  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 35  m.  N.  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  12" 55'  E.  Lat- 
52°  50'  N.  Pop.  4,600. 

Ruremonde,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Roer  into  the  Maese.  27  m.  N.  by 
E.  Maestricht.  Lon.  5"  59' E.  Lat.  51"  12' N.  Pop. 
4,300. 

Rusa,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  68  m.  W,  Moscow.  Pop 
2,400. 

Ruscek,  or  Ruschuk.     See  Ruslschtik. 

Rusciud,  r.  Persia,  which  falls  into  the  Persian 
gulf,  48  m.  W.  Ormus. 

Rusk,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.     Pop.  140. 

Ru^h,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  831. 

Riuk  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Hock 
hocking,  7  m.  below  Lancaster. 

Rush  Creek,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  E.  Lan 
caster.     Pop.  497. 

Rushford,  p-t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 

Rushville,  p-v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  L. 
Lancaster,  26  S.  W.  Zanesville. 

Riiss,  t.  East  Prussia,  on  the  Niemen,  28  m.  P. 
by  E.  Memel.     Pop.  800. 

Russ,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near  tin 
W.  coast  of  Nassau.    Lon.  99°  48'  E.  Lat.  2"  53'  S 

Russbach.  Great,  t.  Austria,  20  ra.  N.  Vienna 
Pop.  1,900. ' 

Russell,  t.  Russell  co.  Upper  Canada. 

Russell,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  £. 
E.  Ogdensburg.     Pop,  394, 

Russell,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  W.  Spring 
field.     Pop.  422. 

Russell,  CO.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Va.  Pop.  6,316, 
including  386  slaves.  At  the  court-house  is  t 
post-oflice. 

Russellville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Logan  co.  Kentuckv 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  acade 
my,  a  meeting-house,  two  printing  offices,  and 
about  170  houses.  It  is  nearly  equi-distant  fron. 
Gvren   nnd  Cnmb-jrland!   rivsrs.  35  mile?  fron. 


640 


R  U  S 


each,  and  situated  in  a  very  fertile  country.  200 
m.  S.  W,  Lexington,  85  S.  Louisville,  180  S.  W. 
Frankfort.     Pop.  in  1810,  532;  in  1820,  1,712. 

Russelsheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
on  the  Maine,  6  m.  E.  Mentz.     Pop.  1 ,  100. 

Russey,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  on  the  river  Doubs, 
34  m.  E.  S.  E.  Besan^on.     Pop.  900. 

Russi,  t.  Italy,  in  the  States  of  the  Church,  8  m. 
N.  E.  Faenza. 

Russia,  the  most  extensive  empire  in  the  world, 
reaches  from  Ion.  18°  E.  to  160°  W.  and  from  43" 
to  78°  N.  lat.  It  includes  one  half  of  Europe,  one 
third  of  Asia,  and  a  portion  of  America;  and  it  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  Frozen  ocean ;  S.  E.  by  the  Pa- 
cific; S.  by  the  Chinese  empire,  Persia,  and  Tur- 
key ;  W.  by  the  Austrian,  Prussian,  and  Swedish 
dominions.  The  boundaries  of  Piussia  have  re- 
cently been  much  extended  in  every  part  of  the 
west  and  south,  encroaching;  upon  Lapland,  Swe- 
den, Poland,  Turkey,  and  Persia.  On  the  side  of 
Sweden,  the  river  Tornca,  which  falls  into  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  is  now  the  boundary; 
on  the  side  of  European  Turkey,  the  Pruth  and 
the  Danube.  Between  the  Black  sea  and  the 
Caspian,  the  Russian  empire  now  extends  to  the 
rivers  Bathus  and  Kur,  the  former  of  which,  di- 
viding Russia  from  Armenia,  falls  into  the  Black 
sea,  in  about  lat.  42°  N. ;  the  latter,  rising  near 
the  Bathus  in  the  mountains  of  Armenia,  falls  into 
ihe  Caspian  below  lat.  40".  Russia,  therefore. 
Slow  embraces  the  provinces  of  Georgia,  Daghes- 
tan.  and  Shirvan,  taken  from  Persia,  and  Min^re- 
lia  and  Imirctta,  taken  from  Asiatic  Turkey.  The 
whole  empire,  including  the  late  acquisitions, 
contains  about  8,000,000  sq.  miles,  and  48,000,000 
inhabitants.  It  is  divided  into  53  governments. 
Geographers  are  not  agreed  on  the  boundary  be- 
tween European  and  Asiatic  Russia,  but  it  is 
common  to  assign  38,000,000  inhabitants,  and 
2,000,000  square  miles,  to  European  Russia. 

European  Russia  consists  chiefly  of  immense 
plains,  covered  in  many  parts  with  forests.  Ow- 
ing to  the  flatness  of  the  country,  the  rivers  have 
few  falls,  and  many  of  them  are  navigable  for  an 
immense  distance,  opening  very  extensive  inland 
communications.  A  short  canal  connecting  the 
Neva  with  the  head  waters  of  the  Volga  opens  an 
inland  water  communication  between  the  Baltic 
and  the  Caspian,  and  it  is  supposed  that  4,000  ves- 
sels pass  on  this  route  annually  between  St.  Pc- 
tersburgh  and  Astracan. 

The  chief  seaports  of  Russia  are  Cronstadt  and 
Riga  on  the  Baltic,  Archangel  on  the  White  sea, 
and  Odessa  on  the  Black  sea.  The  chief  exports 
are  hemp,  fla.x,  leather,  tallow,  potash,  wax,  soap, 
timber,  pitch,  tar,  train  oil,  peltry,  and  iron  in 
bars.  The  imports  are  sugar,  cofiee,  cotton,  and 
other  colonial  goods.  The  annual  value  of  the 
imports  varies  from  10  to  15  millions  sterling,  and 
that  of  the  exports  is  nearly  the  same. 

The  established  religion  is  that  of  the  Greek 
church,  with  a  free  toleration,  hov/cver,  of  all 
sects,  even  Mahometans.  The  number  of  Cath- 
olics is  estimated  at  5,500,000;  of  Lutherans, 
2,500,000;  Mahometans,  3,000,000.  The  num- 
ber of  churches  throughout  the  empire  is  nearly 
20,000 ;  that  of  priests  about  68,000. 

Russian  literature  is  as  yet  in  its  infancy.  The 
professors,  and  higher  teachers  in  the  towns,  are 
foreigners,  generally  Germans. 

The  Russian  government  wa3  till  lately  an  ab- 
solute monarchy.  The  title  of  the  sovereign  is 
omperor  and  au'^ocra.t  of  all  the  Russia?.     Thf 


RUT 

present  emperor  has  declared  the  Russian  govern- 
ment  to  be  a  constitutional  monarchy,  and  has 
given  the  senate  the  right  of  remonstrating  against 
any  ukase  or  edict  contrary  to  law. 

The  national  debt  is  about  35,000,000i,  ster- 
ling ;  the  interest  at  7i  per  cent,  is  2,250,000/. 
The  total  revenue  of  Russia  is  loosely  estimated 
at  15,000,000/.  sterling. 

The  army,  according  to  the  return  of  1819, 
consisted  of  778,000  men,  exclusive  of  militia  and 
irregular  troops  of  various  descriptions;  viz.  in- 
fantry, 565  battalions,  613,000 men;  cavalry,  563 
squadrons,  118,000  men;  artillery,  47,000  men. 
The  naval  force  of  Russia  consisted,  in  1820,  of 
30  ships  of  the  line,  20  frigates,  15  sloops,  and  200 
galleys.  The  men  fit  for  the  duty  of  the  navy, 
who  can  be  called  forth  in  time  of  war,  are  be- 
tween 30,000  and  40,000. 

Rtissia,  Black,  formerly  the  name  of  a  subdi- 
vision of  Lithuania,  which  now  forms  a  part  of 
the  government  of  Minsk,  in  European  Russia. 

Russia,  Great,  the  former  name  of  a  large  prov- 
ince of  European  Russia,  extending  from  the  Fro- 
zen ocean  to  about  the  middle  of  the  course  of  the 
Don.     It  is  now  divided  into  19  governments. 

Russia,  Little,  was  that  part  of  tlie  empire 
tliat  lay  to  the  south  of  Great  Russia,  and  now 
forms  the  governments  of  Czernigov,  Cherson, 
Kiev,  Ekaterinoslav,  and  Poltava, 

Russia,  Red,  formerly  an  independent  duchy, 
which  formed  the  palatinates  of  Chelm,  Belcz, 
and  Lemberg  in  Poland,  and  now  belongs  partly 
to  Russia,  but  more  to  Austria. 

Rmsia,  White,  was  a  part  of  Lithuania,  which 
now  forms  the  governments  of  Smolensk,  iVlohilev, 
Vitepsk,  and  a  small  part  of  that  of  Minsk. 

Russia,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  West  Can- 
ada creek,  26  m.  N.  Herkimer.     Pop.  1,381. 

Russoolpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude.  Lon.  74"  58'  E. 
Lat.  25°  57'  N. 

Russou,  t.  Hind,  in  Nepaul.  Lon.  85°  W  E. 
Lat.  28°  3'  N. 

Russwyl,  t.  Switz.  9  m.  W.  by  N.  Lucerne. 

Rust,  t.  Hungary,  31  m.  S.  S.  E.  Vienna,  4  E. 
N.  E.  Oedenburg.  Lon.  16°  28'  1 1"  E.  Lat.  47" 
40'40"N.     Pop.  1,100: 

Rust,  t.  Baden,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Freyburg,  4 
W.  Ettenheim.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rust,  small  isl.  in  the  N.  sea,  70  m.  from  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  67°  5'  N. 

Ruslenberg,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  9  m.  W.  Heili- 
genstadt. 

Ru  Stoir,  promontory  of  Scotland,  in  Suther- 
landshirc.  Lon.  2°  4'  W.  from  Edinburgh.  Lat. 
58°  13'  N. 

Rustschuk,  or  Rucreh,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulga- 
ria, at  the  influx  of  the  Cara  Lom  into  the  Dan- 
ube. It  has  a  cai-tle  of  considerable  strength, 
with  a  population  of  24,000,  composed  of  Greeks, 
Turks,  Arminians,  and  Jews.  40  m.  E.  Nicopoli, 
55  W.  Semendria.  Lon.  25°  15'  E.  Lat.  43° 
52' N. 

Rusimrp,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Esk,  H  m.  S.  W.  by  W.  Whitby.  Pop. 
1,498. 

Ruthen,  or  Ruden,  t.  Prussian  .slates,  20  m.  S, 
W.  Paderborn.     Pop.  1,600. 

Rutherford,  co.  in  the  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
13,202,  including  979  slaves. 

Rutherford,  co.  W.  Tennessee.  Pop.  10,265, 
including  2,701  slave?.  Chief  town,  .Miirfrees- 
borough . 


S  A  A 


S  A  A 


641 


Rutherfordton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Rutherford  oo.  N. 
C>.  45  m.  S.  Morgantown.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Rulherglen,  a  royal  burgh,  Scotland,  in  Lanark 
CO.  near  the  Clyde,  2J  m.  above  Glasgow.  Pop. 
1,630. 

Ruthiriy  t.  Wales,  in  Denbigh  co.  near  the 
Clywd.  15  m.  S.  W.HoUywell.  Lon.3''irW, 
Lat.  53°7'N.     Pop,  1,292. 

Rutigliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  20  m.  W.  Mon- 
opoli.     Pop.  4,300. 

Rutlamgur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  75°  26' 
E.  Lat.  23"  46'  N. 

Rutland,  county,  Eng.  bounded  W.  by  Leices- 
tershire, N.  and  E.  by  Lincolnshire,  and  S.  E.  and 
S.  by  Northamptonshire.  Area,  200  square  miles. 
Pop.  16,380. 

Rutland,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  22'  W.  Lat.  54'  58'  N. 

Rutland,  C9.  Vt.  bounded  N.  by  Addison  co.  E. 
by  Windsor  co.  S.  by  Bennington  co.  and  W.  by 
New- York  and  Lake  Champlain.     Pop.  29,486. 

Rutland,  p-t.  and  cap.  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  on 
Otter  creek,  55  miles  from  its  mouth,  in  Lake 
Champlaiii,  57  N.  Bennington,  45  W.  by  N.  Wind- 
sor, 60  S.  E.  Burlington,  33  S.  S.  E.  Middlebury. 
Lat.  43°  35'  N.  Lon.  72°  51'  W.  In  the  centre  of 
the  town  is  a  high  hill,  on  which  is  a  pleasant  vil- 
lage containing  the  county  buildings.  Pipe  clay 
is  found  here,  which  has  been  wrought  into  cru- 
cibles, that  prove  very  durable. 

Rutland,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m.  N.  W. 
Worcester,  52  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,231. 

Rutland,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
170  m.  N.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,738. 

Rutland,  p-t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

Rutland,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
340. 

Ruiledge,  p-t.  and  cap.  Granger  co.  Ten.  N.  E. 
of  Knoxville. 

Rutnagiry,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore,  on  the  sea 
coast.     Lon.  73"  3'  E.  Lat.  17"  1'  N. 

Ruttunpore,  t.  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  82° 
35'  E.  Lat.  22°  16'  N.— There  are  several  other 
places  of  this  name  in  Hindostan,  but  none  other 
of  consequence. 

Ruvo,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  6  m.  S.  Trani,  20  W. 
Bari.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  3,300. 

Ruysbelce,  v.  Netherlands,  in  South  Brabant,  7 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Brussels.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Ruysselede,  t.  Netherlands,  in  West  Flanders,  14 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Bruges,  15  W.  Ghent.    Pop.  5,400. 

Ryacotta,  t.  India,  in  Baramaul.  Lon.  78°  17' 
I?;,  Lat.  12°  33' N. 


Ryagudd,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa.  Lon.  83°  27'  E. 
Lat.  19°  1'  N. 

Ryan,  Loch,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  in  Wigtonshire. 

Rybensk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  on  the  Wolga,  56  m.  N. 
W.  Jaroslav.     Pop.  2,200. 

Ri/choor,  t.  Hind,  in  Bejapore.  Lon.  77°  17'  E. 
Lat.  15°  59'  N. 

Ryde.    See  Ride. 

Rydroog,  district.  Hind,  in  Bijanagur.  Rydroog 
the  capital,  is  in  lon.  77°  2°  E.  lat.  14°  19'  N. 

Rye,  t.  and  borough,  Eng.  in  Sussex,  and  one  of 
the  Cinque  Ports,  on  the  coast  of  the  British  chan- 
nel, at  the  mouth  of  the  Rother.  34  m.  S.  Ei 
Tunbridge,  63  S,  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  44'  E.  Lat. 
51°57'N.     Pop.  2,681. 

Rye,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  18  m.  W. 
Aarhuus. 

Rye,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the  coast,  4  m. 
S.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,020. 

Rye,  p-t.  West  Chester  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island 
sound,  28  m.  N.  E.  New- York.     Pop.  1,278. 

Rye,  t  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,233. 

Ryegate,  borough  t.  Eug.  in  Surrey.  It  sends  two 
members  to  parliament.  16  m.  E.  Guilford,  51 
S.  London.  Lon.  0°  13'  W.  Lat.  51°  14'  N.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Ryegate,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  on  Connecticut 
river,  22  m.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  8 1 2. 

Ryepoor,  t.  Hind,  iu  Guudwaneh.  Lon.  82° 
26'  E.  Lat.  21°  17'  N. 

Ryhk,  t.  Eu.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Sem  and  Ryla,  52m.  W.S.  W.Kursk. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  4,600. 

Rynabad,  t.  Bengal,  in  Jessore.  Lon.  89°  44'  E. 
Lat.  22°  42'  N. 

Rypen.     See  Ribe, 

Ryppin,  t.  Poland,  32  m.  E.  by  N.  Thorn.  Pop. 
1,000. 

Rysbergen,  v.  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
6  m.  S.  by  W.  Breda.     Pop.  1,200. 

Ryssen,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  16  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Deventer.     Pop.  1,500. 

Rysu'ik,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Holland,  2  m,  S.  E. 
Hague.     Pop.  1,700. 

Rzeczica,  t.  Russian  Lithunia,  on  the  Dnieper, 
152  m.  S.  S.  E.  iMinsk. 

Rzeszmv,  one  of  the  circles  of  Austrian  Poland. 
Pop.  225,000. 

Rzeszow,  t.  cap.  of  the  above  circle,  on  the  Wis- 
loka,  70  m.  W.  Lemberg,  80  E.  Cracow.  Pop. 
4,600. 


Sa,  or  Sah,  v.  on  the  ruins  of  Sais,  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Lower  Egypt,  18  m.  S.  S.  E. 
I"'aoua. 

Saade,  t.  Arabia,  the  most  important  in  the  Sa- 
ltan, or  mountainous  district  of  Yemen.  It  is  the 
residence  of  a  chief,  who  assumes  the  title  of 
Imam,     368  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mocha. 

Saalfeld,  t.  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe-Coburg, 
en  the  Thuringian  Saale.  It  was  formerly  the 
thief  town  of  a  small  principality  of  the  house  of 

81 


Saxe,  but  the  family  became  extinct  in  1749,  ^0 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Altenburg.     Pop.  3,700. 

Saalfeld,  or  Zellwald,  t  East  Prussia,  67  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Konigsberg.     Pop.  1,300. 

Saalfelden,  t.  Austria,  on  the  river  Salza,  28  m, 
S.  S.  W.  Salzburg.     Pop.  1 ,000. 

Saalnmnster,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse -Cassel,  on 
the  Kinzig,  24  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fulda.     Pop.  1,350. 

Saane,  Sane,  or  Sarine,  r.  Switz.  which  iaih  in- 
to the  Aar,  7  m.  W,  Bern. 


642 


^  A  B 


Saanen,  in  French  Gessenai,  t.  Swiss  canton  of 
Bern,  24  m.  S.  Friburg,  25  E.  S.  E.  Lausanne. 

Soar.     See  Sarre. 

Saarbruck,  t.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  river  Sarre,  18  m.  E.  Luxemburg, 
9  S.  Treves.    Pop.  2,700. 

Saargemund.     See  Sarguemine. 

Saar-Louis,  i.  Prussian  province  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  11  m.  N.  W.  Saarbruck,  34  E.  Thionville. 
Pop.  4,100. 

Saar  Union,  t.  France,  on  the  Saar,  in  Lower 
Rhine,  45  m.  N.  E.  Nancy.  Len.  7°  3'  E.  Lat.  48° 
56  N. 

Saats,  circle,  Bohemia,  lying  contiguous  to  the 
Saxon  frontier.  Area,  820  square  miles.  Pop. 
114,000.  Saatz,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Egra,  89  m. 
W.  by  N.  Prague,  28  E.  Carlsbad.  Lon.  13°  35'  E. 
Lat.  50°  1 8'  35"  N.     Pop.  3,800. 

Saba,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch,  12  miles  in  circumference.  13  m.  N.  W. 
St.  Eustatius,  24  S.  W.  St.  Bartholomew.  Lon. 
63M2'W.  Lat.  17°  40' N. 

Sabagan  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Red  sea. 
Lon.  41°  54'  E.  Lat.  14°  55'  N. 

Sabi,  or  Xavier,  t.  Africa,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Whidah,  and  residence  of  the  sovereign  before  the 
subjection  of  the  country  to  the  king  of  Dahomey. 
It  stands  on  the  river  Euphrates,  about  a  mile  from 
the  sea. 

Sabia,  a  country  of  Eastern  Africa,  situated  to 
the  south  of  Sofala,  traversed  by  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  which  falls  into  the  Indian  ocean, 
in  lat.  21"  to  23°  S. 

Sabine,  r.  N.  America,  which  forms  the  boun- 
dary between  Louisiana  and  the  Spanish  prov- 
ince of  Texas,  and  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
250  m.  W.  of  the  Bahze.  It  is  navigable  280  miles. 
Near  its  mouth  it  expands  into  a  broad  lake,  and 
again  contracts  into  a  river. 

Sabino,  a  province  of  the  Popedom,  bounded 
by  the  duchy  of  Spoleto,  the  Neapolitan  frontier, 
the  Tiber,  and  the  Teverone.  The  capital  is 
Magliano. 

Sabio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Bresciano,  on  the 
Chiesa,  13  m.  N.  E.  Brescia. 

Sabioncello,  or  Sabioneira,  peninsula  of  Aus- 
trian Dalmatia,  which  has  the  islands  of  Curzolo 
and  Meleda  on  the  S.  and  on  the  N.  the  island  of 
Lesina.  45  m,  N.  W.  Ragusa.  Lon.  17°  40'  E. 
Lat.  43°  15'  N. 

Sabionetta,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Mantuan, 
19  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mantua.  Lon.  10"  30'  5"  E.  Lat. 
44°  59' 47"  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Sablanceaux,  fort,  France,  on  the  isle  of  Rhe, 
dep.  of  Lower  Charente.    15  m.  S.  by  W.  Saintes. 

Sable,  t.  France,  in  Sarthe,  at  the  junction  of 
the  rivers  Sarlhe  and  Erve.  40  m.  S.  W.  Le 
Mans,  27  S.  E.  Laval.  Lon.  0°  15'  W.  Lat.  47°  51' 
N.    Pop.  3,100. 

Sable,  r.  N.  Y.  which  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Essex  and  Clinton  counties,  and  flows  into 
Lake  Champlain.  Adgate's  falls,  in  this  fiver, 
is  in  the  town  of  Chesterfield.  The  river  here 
falls  perpendicularly  80  feet.  The  banks  ol  the 
river  for  a  mile  below  are  a  regular  wall  of  rock, 
100  feet  high. 

Sable,  isl.  of  the  Atlantic,  90  m.  S.  E.  Cape 
Breton.  Lon.  59°  50'  W.  Lat.  44°  15'  N. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Lon.  65°  39'  W.  Lat.  43°  24'  N. 

Sable  Point,  point  on  the  W.  side  of  Newfound- 
land. Lon.  57°  35'  W.  Lat.  50°  24' N. 

Sables  d'  Olonne,  Les,  s-p.  France,  in  La  Ven- 


SAD 

dee.  45  m.  S.  Nantes.  Lon.  1°  42'  W.  Lat.  46"  30' 
N.    Pop.  5,200. 

Saboe.     See  Seboo. 

Sabolcs,  a  palatinate  in  the  east  of  Hungary, 
bounded  W.  and  N.  by  the  great  river  The)rs?. 
Extent,  2, 120  square  miles.     Pop.  135,000. 

Sabon,  isl.  at  the  S.  entrance  of  the  atraits  of 
Malacca,  24  miles  in  circumference,  separated 
from  Sumatra  by  a  navigable  channel.  Lon.  103" 
21'  E.  Lat.  0°  42'  N. 

Sabou,  or  Saivu,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  near 
Timor,  10  leagues  long. 

Sabrao,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  100  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, separated  from  the  island  of  Flore?= 
by  a  narrow  channel.  Lon.  123°  20'  E.  Lat.  8* 
8'  S. 

Sabres,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  18  m.  N.  N.  E 
Tartas.     Pop.  1,800. 

Sabrevois,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  river  Sorel,  30  m.  S.  E.  Montreal. 

Sabugal,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  7  m.  W.  N.  W.. 
Alfayates.     Pop.  1,400. 

Sac,  r.  S.  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Orange 
river,  90  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Sacandaga,  r.  N.  Y.  which  receives  numerous 
streams,  and  runs  into  the  Hudson,  8  m.  S.  W.  of 
Lake  George. 

Sacarappa,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Maine. 

Sacchetia,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Mincio,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Mantua. 

Sace,  t.  France,  in  La  Manche,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Avranches.     Pop.  1,600. 

Sachsa,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  26  m.  E.  by  N.  Got- 
tingen.     Pop.  1,150. 

Sachsenhatisen.     See  Frankfort  on  the  Maine. 

Sachsenheim,  t.  Wirtemberg,  3  m.  N.  Mark 
Groningen.     Pop.  1,100. 

Sacile,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  E.  Ceneda,  31 
W.  Udina. 

Sackct'' s  Harbor,  p-v.  and  port  of  entry  in  the 
town  of  Hounsfield,  JeflTerson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river  bay,  a  branch  of  Hungry  bay,  at  the  E.  end 
of  Lake  Ontario.  The  harbor  is  perhaps  the  best 
on  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  well  situated  both  for 
shelter  and  defence,  and  is  sufficiently  deep  f6r* 
the  largest  vessels.  Here  are  several  ships  of 
war  built  during  the  late  war,  and  among  them 
two  ships  of  the  line  of  the  first  rate.  Very  excel- 
lent stone  barracks  stind  upon  the  bank  of  the 
bay,  about  400  yards  east  of  the  village.  78  m. 
N.  Utica,  176  N.  W.  Albany.  The  shipping  in 
1816  amounted  to  616"  tons. 

Sackingen,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  17  m.  E, 
Bale.     Pop.  950. 

Sackville,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  New-Brunswick, 
on  Chcgnecto  basin. 

Saco,  r.  which  rises  on  the  W.side  of  the  White 
mountains,  in  N.  H.  and  running  S.  E.  into  Maine, 
falls  into  the  sea,  between  Saco  and  Biddeford. 
It  has  falls  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  which  obstruct 
the  navigation. 

Saco,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  York  co.  Maine,  on 
the  N.  E.  side  of  Saco  river,  at  its  mouth,  15  m. 
S.  W.  Portland,  29  N.  E.  York,  103  N.  N.  E.  Bos- 
ton. It  is  well  situated  for  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. The  principal  village  is  at  the  falls  in  Sa- 
co river,  which  furnish  numerous  sites  for  mills 
and  manufacturing  establishments.     Pop.  2,942. 

Sacratif,  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Grana^ 
da.  Lon.  3°  27'  W.  Lat.  36°  41'  N. 

Sacrificios,  isl.  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Mexico.     Lon.  98°  6'  W.  Lat.  15"  40'  N. 

Sadava,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  20  m,  S.  Sangues- 
sa,  47  N.  W.  Sai-agossa. 


SAG 

'  Sadberge,  or  Sadbergh,  v.  Eng.  in  Durham,  4 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Darlington.    Pop.  396. 

Saddleback,  mountain  in  Adams  and  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  It  consists  of  2  summits  ;  the  N.  is 
2,400,  and  the  S.  3,000  feet  above  the  valley  be- 
low.    It  is  the  highest  land  in  Massachusetts. 

SaddUhill,  promontory  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.  Lon.  124°  W,  Lat  46°  25'  N. 
Haddh  River,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,174. 
Saddle  River,  t.  and  cap.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  on 
Delaware  river.     Pop.  929. 

Saddleworth,  v.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  10  m.  S.  W. 
Huddersfield. 

Sadia,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lat. 
19°  3'  S. 

Sadras,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  80°  16' 
E.  Lat  12°  27'  N. 

Satbye,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Aalbor-.  Lon.  10°  33'  9 "  E.  Lat  57°  20'  2"  N. 
Pop.  400. 

Sa.fad,  or  Saphet,  (an.  Japha,)  v.  Palestine,  on 
A  hill  overlookmg  the  W.  coast  of  the  lake  of  Ti- 
berias.   65  m.  S.  W.  Damascus. 

Sa^,  or  Azqffi,  s-p.  Morocco,  cap.  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Abda.  It  was  long  the  centre  of  Euro- 
pean commerce,  and  the  French  had  several  fac- 
tories here,  which  are  now  transferred  to  Mogo- 
dor.  Lon.  9°  5'  W.  Lat.  32°  20'  N.  Pop.  12,000. 
Saffron  Walden,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  27  m.  N.  W. 
Chelmsford,  42  N.  by  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  14'  E. 
Lat.  52"  2"  N.     Pop.  3,403. 

Sagadahoc,  r.  Maine,  which  joins  the  Andros- 
coggin, in  Rumford. 

Sagadahoc,  the  name  formerly  applied  to  most 
of  that  part  of  Maine  which  lies  east  of  the  Ken- 
uebeck. 

Sagamond.     See  Sangamoin. 
Sagaji,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Bober,  83  m.  N.  W.  Breslau,  80  E.  N.  E.  Dres- 
den.   Lon.  15°  22'  30"  E.  Lat  51°  42'  12"  N.  Pop. 
4,700. 

Saganaw  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  Michigan  Terri- 
tory, which  sets  up  from  Lake  Huron  between 
Point  aux  Barques  on  the  S.  in  N.  lat.  44°  42'  6", 
and  Point  au  Sable  on  the  north.  The  course  of 
the  bay  is  nearly  south  ;  it  extends  in  length 
about  60  miles,  and  is  30  miles  wide  at  its  mouth. 
It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  any  burden,  and  its 
numerous  coves  and  islands  afTord  good  harbours. 
At  its  southern  extremity  it  receives  Saganaw 
river,  a  large  and  deep  stream,  with  bold  shores. 
The  lands  on  this  river  are  esteemed  among  the 
most  fertile  in  the  territory  of  Michigan.  They 
are  now  occupied  by  bands  of  the  Chippeway 
and  Ottaway  Indiana,  but  have  been  recently  sold 
to  the  U.  States,  and  will  shortly  be  thrown  into 
market. 

Saganeer,  t.  Hind,  in  Ajmeer.  Lon.  75°  50'  E. 
Lat  26°  40'  N. 

Saganeer,  t  Hind,  in  Gundwaneh.  Lon.  79°  18' 
E.  Lat  21°  34' N. 

Saganian,  r.  Great  Buldiaria,  which  falls  into 
the  Oxus,  at  Termed. 

Sagara,  the  ancient  Helicon,  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  a  few  miles  N.  of  the  gulf  of  Corinth. 

Sagard,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  N.  point  of  the 
island  of  Rugen,  22  m.  N.  E.  Stralsund.  Pop. 
700. 

Sagalux,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  Long  Island 
sound,  between  Fairfield  and  Norwalk,  forming  a 
harbour  at  its  mouth. 

Sagendago,  a  head  branch  of  Hudson's  river. 
fts  BBouth  is  about  20  milw  W.  of  Fort  ^nn. 


S  A  H 


d43 


Sagh,  or  Ipoly-Sagh,  t.  Hungary,  22  m.  N.  by 
W.  Waitzen,  39  N.  Buda. 

Saghalien,  called  also  Oku  Jesso,  or  Upper  Jesso, 
and  by  the  natives  Tchoka,  a  large  island  at  the  E. 
extremity  of  Asia,  immediately  N.  of  the  large  isl- 
and of  Jesso  or  Matsnlai.  It  is  450  miles  long  and 
from  40  to  130  broad,  and  separated  from  the  con- 
tinent by  a  narrow  channel,  called  the  channel  of 
Tartary.  Lat.  50"  to  54"  N.  Lon.  144°  to  147"  E. 
Saghalien  River.  See  Amur. 
Saghalien  Oula-Hotun,  fortified  t.  in  the  coun- 
try of  the  Mantchou  Tartars,  on  the  Saghalien, 
450  m.  N.  E.  Peking. 

Sag  Harbor,  p-v.  and  port  of  entry,  in  the 
township  of  Southampton,  Suflfolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
great  bay  that  divides  the  east  end  of  Long  Island, 
1 10  m.  E.  of  the  city  of  New- York.  It  contains 
135  dwelling  houses,  15  stores,  2  rope-walks,  1 
spermaceti  candle  factory,  3  extensive  salt  works, 
and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyte- 
rians, and  1  for  Methodists.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
and  considerable  trade.  The  shipping  owned 
here  in  1820,  was  5,735  tons,  2,262  of  which  was 
employed  in  the  whale  fishery  on  the  coast  of  Pat- 
agonia and  in  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  319  tons  in  the 
cod  fishery,  and  3,140  in  the  coasting  trade.  The 
whale  fishery  employs  more  than  200  men,  and 
produces  annually  8,500  barrels  of  oil.  Pop.  in 
1820,  1,296. 

Sagne,  v.  Switz.  in  Neufchatel,  8  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Ncufchatel.    Pop.  1,300. 

Sagona,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Corsica,  between 
Calvi  and  Ajaccio. 

Sagor,  or  Ganga  Sagor,  isl.  Bengal,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Hoogly,  or  Bhagurutty  river.  A 
society  in  Calcutta  has  lately  taken  a  lease  of  this 
island  from  the  East  India  company,  and  has  en- 
gaged to  clear  and  bring  it  into  a  state  of  cultiva- 
tion in  a  few  years.  Its  S.  point  is  in  lon.  88°  20' 
E.  Lat  21°  34' N. 

Sagres,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algarva,  17  m.  W.  S.  W. 

Lagos,  116  S.  Lisbon.    Lon.  9°  VV.  Lat.  37°  N. 

Sagua  Islands,    small  islands  in   the  Spanish 

Main,  15  m.  from  the  isthmus  of  Darien.    Lon.  78° 

4'  W.  Lat.  9°  18'  N. 

Saguenay,  large  r.  Canada,  which  falls  into  the 
St  Lawrence  in  lon .  69"  40'  W.  lat.  48°  N.  It  ri- 
ses from  Lake  St  John,  in  48"  20'  N.  lat.  and  72° 
30'  W.  lon.  The  banks  of  this  river  throughout 
its  course  ai'e  very  rocky,  and  immensely  high.  Its 
current  is  broad,  deep,  and  uncommonly  vehe- 
ment. 

Saguenay  River,  Little,  r.  Labrador,  which  runs 
S.  and  empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence  E.  of  the 
Seven  isles,  in  lon.  65"  W.  lat.  50"  18' N. 

Sagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah.  Lon.  78°  53'  E, 
Lat  23°  45' N. 

Sagy,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  30  m.  N. 
E.Macon.     Pop.  2,100. 

Sahagun,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  50  m.  S.  E.  Leon. 
Pop.  4,000. 

Sahara,  or  the  Great  Desert,  an  immeHse  ter- 
ritory in  Northern  and  Central  Africa,  lying  be- 
tween the  states  of  Barbary  on  the  N.  and  Soudan, 
or  the  countries  watered  by  the  Niger  on  the  S. 
and  stretching  from  the  Atlantic  on  the  W.  with 
few  interruptions  to  the  Nile  on  the  E.  being  by 
far  the  most  extensive  desert  in  tlie  world.  It 
presents,  almost  throughout,  the  spectacle  of  a  na- 
ked burning  plain  of  sand,  destitute  aUke  of  wa- 
ter or  vegetation,  and  unfit  for  the  support  of  hu- 
man life.  It  is  only  occasionally  diversified  by 
«ases  or  i.slands,  where  the  supply  of  water  admits 


eu 


s  A  I 


of  a  certain  degree  of  verdure  and  cultivation. 
With  the  aid  of  the  camel,  caravans  of  merchants 
regularly  cross  these  dreaiy  wilds,  in  various  di- 
rections. Water  is  conveyed  in  goat  skins  cove- 
red with  tar,  to  prevent  evaporation.  At  each  of 
tho  oases,  or  spots  afl'ording  water,  the  caravan 
stops  for  a  few  days  to  take  in  a  supply.  The 
greatest  evil  which  they  haye  to  fear  is  when,  in 
consequence  of  a  peculiarly  dry  season,  one  of  these 
springs  happens  to  fail.  Thus,  in  1798,  a  caravan 
from  Morocco,  consisting  of  2,000  men,  with  1,800 
camels,  entirely  perished. 

Saharunpore,  district,  Hind,  in  Delhi,  between 
the  Jumna  and  Ganges,  in  about  31°  N.  lat.  The 
soil  is  extremely  fertile,  producing  all  kinds  of 
grain,  sugar,  indigo,  cotton,and  tobacco.  In  1803, 
the  British  became  masters  of  this  valuable  dis- 
trict. Saharunpore,  the  capital,  is  near  the  river 
Jumna,  in  Ion.  77"  23'  E.  lat.  30°  15'  N. 

Sahlaydun,  t.  Birman  empire,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Irrawuddy.    Lon.  94"  40'  E.  Lat.  1 8°  35'  N. 

Sai,  t  Bambarra,  in  Africa,  26  m.  S.  W.  Sego. 

Saiansk,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  on  the  Enisei. 
Lon.  92''  14'  E.  Lat.  52°  24'  N. 

Said,  or  Sahid,  a  name  applied  to  Upper  Egypt, 
comprehending  the  territory  extending  along  the 
Sf  ile,  from  the  vicinity  of  Cairo,  to  the  frontier  of 
Nubia. 

Saida,  or  SeidCf  seaport,  Syria,  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Sidon,  celebrated  as  the  most  ancient 
of  the  Phenician  cities.  Although  much  decayed 
from  its  ancient  greatness,  it  retains  still  some  im- 
portance as  the  port  of  Damascus.  The  magnifi- 
cent harbour,  composed  of  vast  moles  stretching 
out  into  the  sea,  is  now  entirely  destroyed.  The 
French  have  a  consul  here,  and  five  or  six  com- 
mercial houses.  The  exports  consist  of  corn, 
silk,  raw  and  spun  cotton,  particularly  the  last. 
Lon.  33°  14'  E.  Lat.  33°  25'  N.  Pop.  7,000  or 
8,000. 

Saillans,  t  France,  in  Drome,  9  m.  S.  W.  Die. 
Pop.  1,500. 

Saima,  large  lake,  Finland,  to  the  N.  of  Wil- 
manstrand,  250  miles  long. 

Sain,  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  at  the  S. 
point  of  the  bay  of  Brest,  3  m.  W.  Quimper. 

Sains,  v.  France,  in  Aisne,  7  m.  W.  Vervins. 

St.  Abb'^s  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  in  the  German 
sea,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Berwick.  Lon.  T  12'  W. 
Lat.  55°  50'  N. 

St.  Adrian,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  S.  E.  Ghent. 

St.  Agata  di  Gothi,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ul- 
tra, 15  m.  W.  S.  W.  Benevento. 

St.  Agnes,  one  of  the  Scilly  islands,  on  which  is 
a  light  house.  Lon.  6°  20'  W.  Lat.  49°  63'  30"  N. 
See  SeiUy  Islands. 

St.Agreve,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  18  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Privas,  18  W.  Tournon.     Pop.  2,540. 

St.  Aignan,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Cher,  19  m. 
S.  Blois,  16  W.  S.  W.  Romorantin.  Lon.  1*  27'  E. 
Lat.  48°  15'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

St.  Aignan,  isl.  in  the  Pacific.  Lon.  152°  56'  E. 
Lat.  10°  41'  19"  S. 

St.  Albain,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  4i  m.  E.  St. 
Chely,  15  N.  N.  W.  Mendc.     Pop.  2,100. 

St.Alban,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  with  a  mineral 
Spring.     3  m.  N.  Alais. 

67.  Alban,  t.  Savoy,  6  m.  W.  Chamberry.  Pop. 
1,000.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  considerable 
iron  mines. 

St.  Alban'' s,  t.  Eng.  in  Hertford  co;  13  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Hertford.     Lon.  0°  21'  W.  Lat  51°  46'  N. 

St.  Alban's,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  30  m.  E. 
Norrido-ewock. 


SAI 

St  Alban'' s,  p-t.  and  cap.  Franklin  cd.  Vt.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  23  m.  N.  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,609.  The  village  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  and  an  academy. 

St.  Albans,  p-t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

St.  Alban''s  Head,  a  cape  of  England,  on  the 
coast  of  Dorsetshire,  in  the  English  channel,  18  m. 
E.  Weymouth.     Lon.  2°  10'  W.  Lat.  50°  4'  N. 

St.  Alvaire,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  15  m.  S. 
Perigucux.     Fop.  1,800. 

St.  Atnand,  t.  France,  in  Fuy  de  Dome,  7  m.  S. 
Clermont,  10  N.  N.  W.  Issoire.     Pop.  1,715. 

St.Amand,  t.  Frsmce,  in  Nievre,  9  m.  N.  E. 
Cosne,  7  S.  St.  Fargeau.     Pop.  1,500. 

St.  Amand  de  Boueux,  L  France,  in  Charentey 
9  m.  N.  Angouleme.     Pop.  1,410. 

St.  Amand,  t.  France,  in  North,  on  the  Scarp, 
6  m.  W.  Conde,  18  S.  E.  Lille.     Pop.  8,039. 

67.  Amand  Mont  Rend,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  21 
m.  S.  Bourges,  Lon.  2°  35'  E.  Lat.  46°  43"  N.  Pop. 
5,080. 

67.  Amand  de  Vallhoret,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Castres.     Pop.  2,015. 

67.  Amans,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  9  m.  N.  Mende. 
Pop.  3,380. 

St.  Amarin,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  15  m» 
N.  Besort. 

St.  Ambrose,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Chili.  Lat. 
26°  17'  S. 

St.  Ambroix,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  18  m.  W.  Pont 
St.  Esprit,  9  N.  N.  E.  Alais.     Pop.  2,250. 

St.  Anastasia,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Florida, 
18  miles  long.     Lon.  81"  36' W.  Lat.  29°  48' N. 

67.  Andre,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ev- 
reux. 

St.  Andre,  t.  Austria,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Clagenfurt, 
32  S.  E.  Muhrau.      Lon.  14"  32'  E.  Lat.  46°  47'  N. 

67.  AndrS  de  Cuhac,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  13 
m.  N.  Bourdeaux.     Fop.  2,580. 

St.  Andrl  de  Sangonis,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  4 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Clermont.     Pop.  1,400. 

67.  Andrea,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Lon.  13" 
43'  E.  Lat.  45"  8'  N. 

St.  Andrea,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  3  m.  W.  Ta- 
rento. 

67.  Andreas,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  13  m.  N. 
Bourdeaux. 

6^  Andreas  Berg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  West- 
phalia, in  the  llarz  Forest,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Goslar. 

St.  Andreia,  small,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.. 
188°  14'  E.  Lat.  62°  25'  N. 

St.  Andreto,  r.  Guinea,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic in  lon.  6°  20'  W.  lat.  4°  55'  N. 

St.  Andreic,  parish,  Charleston  district,  S.  C.  oii 
the  Ashley,  above  Charleston. 

St.  Andrcw^s  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Pacific 
ocean.     Lon.  131°  18'  E.  Lat,  5°  18'  S. 

St.  Andrew^,  a  city,  Scotland,  in  Fife  co.  with 
a  safe  and  commodious  harbour.  Here  is  a  uni- 
versity, consisting  of  two  distinct  colleges,  in  one 
of  which  the  languages,  philosopliy,  and  the  sci- 
ences, are  taught ;  and  the  other  is  reserved  ex- 
clusively for  theology.  A  library  common  to 
both,  contains  about  36,000  volumes.  The  num- 
ber of  students  during  the  session  1816-17,  amount- 
ed to  175.  9  m.  E.  Cupar,  39  N.  N.  E.  Edinburgh. 
Lon.  T  50'  W.  Lat.  56"  19'  33 '  N. 

St.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  9  m.  S.  E.  Na- 
ples. 

67.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  60 
m.  N.  Policastro. 

St.  Angela  di  Lombardi,  t.  Naples,  in  Principa- 
to Citra,  6  m.  N.  W.  Conza.  ■  -*««*«;*«  • 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


645 


S(.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  10  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Teramo. 

St.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Bari,  8  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bit- 
letto. 

St.  Angeloj  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  10  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Lauria.     Pop.  11,500. 

St.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  8  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Cariati  Vecchia. 

St.  Angela,  t.  Italy,  in  Milan,  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Lodi. 

67.  Angela,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  3  m.  N. 
E.  Scalea. 

St.  Angela  in  Vado,  t.  Popedom,  in  the  duchy 
of  Urbino,  the  see  of  a  bishop.  12  m.  S.  W.  Urbino. 
Lon.  12"  28'  E.  Lat.  43°  43'  N. 

St.  Angelon,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  13  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Matera. 

St.  Ann,  t.  Guadaloupe,  on  the  S.  coast.  Lon. 
6r27'W.  Lat.  16°  21' N. 

St.  Ann,  or  Jinnimpig  Lake,  a  lake  of  Canada. 
It  empties  into  James  bay  through  Albany  river. 
Lon.  88°  15'  W.  Lat.  49°  30'  N. 

St.  Ann.     See  Zarpana. 

St.  Anna,  t.  Italy,  6  m.  S.  W.  Ravenna. 

67.  Anna,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  Atrica,  a  little  to  the  S.  E.  of  St.  Thomas. 

St.  Anna,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  Brazil,  20  m.  N.  E.  Maranhao. 

St.  Anna,  t.  Brazil,  in  Ilheos,  20  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Jorge. 

St.  Anna.     See  Arrayal  de  St.  Anna. 

St.  Anna,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  200  m.  E.  Corrien- 
tes. 

St.  Anna-ter-Muyden,  t.  Netherlands,  2  m.  W. 
Sluys. 

St.  Annaberg,  t.  Germany,  14  m.  S.  Chemnitz, 
38  S.  VV,  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  58'  E.  Lat.  50° 
30' N. 

€t.  Annaperg,  t.  Austria,  20  m.  S.  St.  Polten. 

57.  Ann^s,  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Cape  Breton.  Lon.  60°  W.  Lat.  47°  N. 

St.  Ann's,  t.  New-Brunswick,  on  St.  John's 
river,  3  m.  S.  Fredericktown.  Lon.  66°  46'  W. 
Lat.  46°  2' N. 

St.  Ann's  Bay,  bay  of  the  island  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  77°  3'  W.  Lat.  18°  58'  N. 

St.  Ami's  Bay,  bay  of  Mexico,  in  the  bay  of 
Campeachy.  Lon.  94°  46'  W.  Lat.  18°  10'  N. 

St.  Ann's  Head,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Man,  5  m.  N.  E.  Longness  Point. 

St.  Anne,  cape,  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Guinea. 
Lat.  7°  5' N. 

St.  Anne,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  confluence  of 
St.  Anne  river,  28  m.  N.  E.  Three  Rivers.  It  has 
a  village  of  about  30  houses. 

St.  Anne,  or  La  Pocadiere,  seigniory,  Cornwal- 
lis  CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  62  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

St.  Anne,  parish  in  Cote  de  Beaupre  seigniory. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Quebec. 

St.  Anne.     See  Frederickton,  New-Brunswick. 

St.  Aime''s  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into 
the  St.  Lawrence,  50  m.  above  Quebec. 

St.  Antheme,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  7  m. 
E.  Ambert,  7  S.  W.  Montbrison.     Pop.  3,020. 

St.  Anthony" s  Falls,  falls  in  Mississippi  river,  in 
lat.  44°  N.  The  river  has  here  a  perpendicular 
pitch  of  40  feet,  with  a  formidable  rapid  above  and 
below,  making  the  whole  descent  in  three-foufths 
of  a  mile,  65  feet.  The  appearance  is  beautiful 
and  picturesque.    In  1S05,  the  government  of  the 


U.  States  purchased  of  the  Indians  a  tract  of  land, 
around  these  falls,  9  miles  square  ;  and  in  1819, 
300  soldiers  were  sent  to  occupy  it  as  a  military 
position.  A  fort  has  been  erected  on  a  high  bluff 
at  the  junction  of  the  river  St.  Peter's  with  the 
Mississippi,  a  spot  which  commands  the  navigation 
of  both  rivers,  and  appears  capable  of  being  ren- 
dered impregnable  with  little  expense.  The  cli- 
mate is  delightful,  and  the  rich  bottom  and  prai- 
rie lands  which  skirt  the  river  yield  corn,  pota- 
toes, and  all  the  common  garden  vegetables  in 
rich  abundance.  As  a  military  position  it  is  of 
great  importance,  being  in  the  neighborhood  of 
many  powerful  Indian  tribes,  who  have  hereto- 
fore been  under  the  exclusive  influence  of  the 
British  Fur  companies.  The  garrison  at  the  falls 
will  have  a  ready  access  into  the  heart  of  the 
countries  occupied  by  these  tribes,  by  three  dis- 
tinct channels  of  communication  ;  by  the  Missis- 
sippi, which  is  navigable  towards  the  north,  600 
miles  above  the  falls  ;  by  the  St.  Croix  on  the  N. 
E.  which  joins  the  Mississippi  just  below  the  falls, 
and  communicates  with  Lake  Superior  by  a  port- 
age of  half  a  mile ;  and  by  the  St.  Peter's  on  the 
N.  W.  which  runs  through  the  territory  of  the 
Sioux,  the  most  powerful  of  the  Indian  tribes,  and 
is  navigable  for  several  hundred  miles. 

St.  Antiaco,  (an.  Enosis,)  isl.  2  m.  from  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lon.  8°  34'  E.  Lat.  39° 
6'N. 

St.  Antoine  Bay,  or  Lefebvre,  seigniory,  Buck- 
ingham CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  15  m.  S.  W,  Three  Rivers. 

<S/.  Antonia,  the  most  northerly  of  the  Cape 
Verd  Islands.  It  is  very  elevated,  some  of  the 
mountains  being  constantly  covered  with  snow. 
On  the  N.  side  it  has  a  good  road  for  shipping, 
Lon.  24°  58'  W.  Lat.  1 7°  2'  N.  Pop.  about  4,000, 
chiefly  negroes. 

67.  Antonio,  t.  New  Spain,  cap.  of  Texas.  Lon. 
101°  W.  Lat.  29°  50'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

St.  Antonis  in  der  Heyde,  t.  Prussian  States,  14 
m.  N.  W.  Dusseldorf,  16  E.  N.  E.  Ruremond. 

67.  Artnand,  seigniory,  Bedford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  Misisque  bay,  40  m.  S.  E.  Montreal,  Pop. 
2,500. 

6/.  Arnould,  t.  F-rance,  27  m.  S,  S.  W.  Paris. 

St.  Asaph,  t.  Wales,  in  Flintshire,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  30  m.  W.  Chester,  Lon,  3°  40'  W.  Lat. 
53°  13'  N.    Pop.  1,520. 

St.  Astier,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Perigueux.     Pop.  2,220. 

St.  Aubin,  t.  isle  of  Jersey,  with  a  safe  harbour 
defended  by  a  castle.  3  m.  W,  St.  Helier.  Lon.  T 
9'W.  Lat,  48"  38' N, 

St.  Aubin  d'Aubigne,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and- 
Vilaine,  9  m.  N.  Rennes. 

St.  Aubin  du  Cormier,  t.  France,  in  Ille-and- 
Vilaine,  10  m.  N.  W.  Vitre. 

St.  Augusiin,  mountain  on  the  W.  coast  ofN. 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  Cook's  river. 

St.  Augustine,  sea-port  and  cap.  of  Florida^ 
is  on  the  Eastern  coast,  opposite  the  inlet  at  the 
north  point  of  St.  Anastatia  island.  It  is  regular- 
ly laid  out  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram,  the 
streets  intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  houses  are  generally  two  stories  high,  and 
built  of  a  species  of  stone  peculiar  to  the  country. 
The  situation  is  pleasant ;  the  supply  of  fresh  wa- 
ter abundant ;  the  atmosphere  dry  and  healthful, 
and  well  adapted  to  northern  constitutions.  In- 
valids frequently  resort  hither  for  the  benefit  of 
the  climate.     The  soil  in  the  neighborhood  is 


m 


S  A  I 


generally  sandy,  yet  produces  corn,  garden  vege- 
tables, oranges  and  lemons  in  great  perfection. 

The  harbor  is  good,  but  thei'c  is  a  bar  at  its 
mouth  which  at  the  lowest  tides  will  not  admit 
vessels  drawing  more  than  6  feet  of  water ;  but 
there  is  a  roadstead  outside  of  the  bar  which  af- 
fords anchorage  for  larger  vessels.  The  town  and 
the  entrance  to  the  harbor  are  well  defended  by 
a  strong  fort,  built  entirely  of  hewn  stone,  and 
mounting  60  cannon.  In  the  rear  of  the  city, 
and  nearly  encircling  it,  but  at  too  great  a  dis- 
tance to  affect  the  climate,  is  an  impenetrable 
morass,  on  the  margin  of  which  are  erected  six 
redoubts.  Lat.  29°  45'  N.  Lon.  81"  Sa  W.  Pop. 
estimated  at  5,000. 

St.  Augustine's  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Madagascar.  Lat.  23°  30"  S. 

St.  Augustine,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lon. 
35°11'W.  Lat.  8°  38' S. 

St.  Augustine'' s  River,  r.  Labrador,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  59°  59'  W. 
Lat.  51°  15'  N. 

St.Austle,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  14  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Truro.    Lon.  4°  38'  W.    Lat.  50°  21'  N.    Pop. 


St.  Barbara,  t.  Sardinia,  14  m.  S.  S.W.  Cagliari. 

St.  Bamabe,  seigniory,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

St.  Barthelemy,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne, 
8  m.  N.  Tonneins.     Pop.  2,200. 

St.  Bartholomeo,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  6  m. 
S.  Volturara.     Pop.  4,500. 

St.  Bartholomew,  one  of  the  Caribbee  islands  in 
^e  W.  Indies,  15  miles  in  circumference.  It  is 
very  fertile  in  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  and  indigo. 
It  was  ceded  by  France  to  Sweden  in  1785.  Lon. 
■62°54' W.  Lat.  17"  53' N. 

St.  Bartholomew,  one  of  the  new  Hebrides  isl- 
ands, in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  167°  23'  E.  Lat. 
15°  41'  S. 

St.  Baumc,  t.  France,  16  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mar- 
seilles. 

67.  Beat,  t.  Franco,  in  Upper  Garonne,  on  the 
Garonne,  32  m.  S.  E.  Tarbes. 

iS7.  Bee's  Head,  cape,  Eng.  in  Cumberland.  Lon. 
3°32'W.  Lat.  54°  27' N. 

St.  Bel,  t.  France,  10  m.  W.  Lyons. 

6'^  Benedetto,  t.  Italy,  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Mantua. 

St.  Benito,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  California,  20  m.  N.  W.  Cerros. 

St.  Bertrand,  Great,  mountain  of  the  Alps,  be- 
tween Switzerland  and  Piedmont,  at  the  sources 
of  the  Eurance  and  the  Doria.  Its  highest  peak 
is. 11,006  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Be- 
tween the  two  main  summits  is  one  of  the  princi- 
pal passes  from  Switzerland  to  Italy. 

St.  Bertrand  de  Cominges,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Garonne,  25  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tarbes. 

St.  Blain,  fief,  Surrey  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
th0  S.  side  of  ttie  St.  Lawrence,  16  m.  N.  E.  Mon- 
treal. 

St.  Bonifacio,  i.  Italy,  15  m.  E.  Verona. 

St.  Bonnet  de  Bruyeres,  t.  France,  in  Rhone- 
aod-Loirc,  IBro.  N.  Villefranche. 

St.  Bonnet  de  Chavagne,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  4 
jQ.S.'W.  St.  Marcelin. 

St.  Bonnet  de  Jorix,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  6  m.  N.  E.Charolles,  9  W.  Cluny. 

(S/.  Boy,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  m.  S.  W.  Bar- 
<:elona. 

St.  Brances,  t.  Fran«e,  in  Indre-aad-Loire,  12 
m.  S.  Toura. 


S  A  I 

St.  Branchier,  t.  Switz.  in  the  Valais,  12  m.  iL 
W.  Sion. 

St.  Brelade's  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Jersey,  5  m.  VV.  St.  Helier. 

St.  Briac,  t.  France,  in  Ille  and  Vilaine,  10  m, 
N.  Diannan. 

St.  Brice,  i.  France,  in  Ille  and  Vilaine,  7  m.  N. 
W.  Fougeres. 

St,  Brice,  t.  France,  in  Seine  and  Oise,  9  m.  N. 
Paris. 

St.  Brice,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  6  m.  S.  E.  Aux- 
erre. 

St.  Brice,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Reims. 

St.  Bride^  Bay,  bay  of  St.  George's  channel, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Wales.  Lon.  5°  23'  W.  Lat.  51° 
48' N. 

St.  Brieux,  city,  France,  cap.  of  the  dep.  of  the 
North  coasts.  It  has  a  small  harbour.  40  m.  N. 
VV.  Rennes,  200  W.  Paris.  Lon.  2°  40'  W.  Lat. 
48°22'N.     Pop.  6,250. 

67.  Brisson,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  4  m.  S.  Gien, 
2  W.  Briare. 

6/.  Buono,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  15  m- 
N.  E.  Civita  Borella. 

St.  Calais,  t.  France,  in  Sarte,  22  m.  E.  Le 
Mans.  Lon.0°  49'  E.  Lat.  47°  55'  N. 

67.  Carlos,  t.  Caraccas,  85  m.  S.  W.  Caraccas 
Lon.  67°  47'  W.  Lat.  9°  25'  N.  Pop.  9,500. 

St.  Carlos  de  Monterey,  the  capital  of  New  Cal- 
ifornia, is  on  the  bay  of  Monterey,  in  lat.  36°  15' 
N.  Pop.  700.  The  garrison  consists  of  60  or  80 
soldiers,  who  are  all  expert  horsemen. 

St.  Carlos,  t.  Cuba,  62  m.  E.  Havanna. 

St.  Cataldo,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  on  the  coast, 
8  m.  E.  Lecce. 

St.  Catalina,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the 
coast  of  Chili.  Lat.  46°  S. 

6/.  Catalina,  isl.  in  the  Carribean  sea.  Lon.  81° 
W.  Lat.  13"  20'  N. 

St.  Catherina,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near 
the  coast  of  Istria.  Lon.  13°  44'  E.  Lat.  45°  9'  N. 

St.  Catherina,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
Rhodes.  Lon.  27°  33'  E.  Lat.  36°  5'  N. 

St.  Catherine' s,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil, 
about  8  leagues  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  channel,  in  some  places 
not  half  a  league  in  length.  It  has  a  fertile  soil, 
and  produces  rice,  maize,  coffee  of  excellent 
quality,  oranges,  and  a  variety  of  other  fruits. 
The  island  with  its  dependencies  contains  about 
30,000  inhabitants.  Lon.  47"  15'  W.  Lat.  27° 
10' S. 

St.  Catherine'' s,  the  principal  town  of  the  above 
island,  is  on  its  E.  shore ;  and  its  port  may  be  en- 
tered by  ships  of  300  tons  burden.     Pop.  5,000. 

St.  Catherine's  island,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Geor- 
gia, at  the  mouth  of  Newport  river. 

St.  Catherine'' s  Sou7id,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
between  St.  Catherine  and  Ossabaw  islands.  Lon, 
81°15'W.  Lat.  31°  38' N. 

67.  Catherine  de  Fierhois,  t.  France,  in  Indre- 
and-Loire,  13  m.  S.  Tours. 

St.  Catherine's  Point,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight.    Lon.  1°  19'  W.  Lat.  50°  35'  N. 

St.  Celerin,  v.  France,  in  Sarte,  9  m.  W.  La 
Ferte  Bernard. 

St.  Cere,  t.  France,  21  m.  E.  N.  E.  Gourdan,  30 
N.  E.  Cahors.  Lon.  1"  59'  E.  Lat.  44°  51'  N.  Pop. 
3,798. 

67.  Chamas,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 
18  m.  W.  Aix,  6  S.  Salon.    Pop.  2,500. 


S  A  I 


S  A  1 


641 


St.  .Chamond,  t.  France,  iu  Rhone-and- Loire, 
22  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lyons.  Lon.  4''  36'  E.  Lat.  45° 
28' N. 

St.  Charles,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  St. 
Lawrence,  a  little  below  Quebec. 

St.  Charles,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  river  Sorel,  20  m.  E.  Montreal. 

St.  Charles,  p-t.  German  coast  co.  Louisiana. 

St.  Charles,  co.  Missouri,  on  the  N.  side  of  Mis- 
souri river,  at  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi. 

St.  Charles,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Charles  co.  Mis- 
souri, on  the  N.  side  of  Missouri  river,  21  miles 
from  its  mouth,  18  N.  W.  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  hand- 
some and  flourishing  town,  and  contained  in  1817, 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  It  was  originally  settled 
by  the  French,  but  there  are  now  many  American 
settlers. 

St.  Charles  Yamaska,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co. 
Lower  Canada,  35  m.  E.  Montreal. 

St.  Cheli/  efAcpIier,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  21  m. 
N.  N.  VV.  Mende,  15  S.  E.  St.  Flour.  Lon.  3°  21' 
E.  Lat.  44"  48'  N,     Pop.  2,013. 

St.  Christiana,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia. 

St.  Christina,  one  of  the  Marquis  of  Mendoza's 
islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  139°  7'  E.  Lat. 
9°  55'  S. 

St.  Christophe,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire, 
15  m.  N.  N.  W.  Tours. 

St.  Christophe,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Grenoble. 

St.  Christopher's  or  St.  KilCs,  isl.  in  the  West 
Indies,  belonging  to  the  British,  about  15  miles 
long  and  4  broad,  and  contains  43,726  acres,  of 
which  about  17,000  acres  are  appropriated  to  the 
growth  of  sugar,  and  4,000  to  pasturage.  The 
official  value  of  the  exports  and  imports  amounted, 
Imports.  Exports. 

In  1809,  to  £266,064        £132,845 

1810,  253,611  89,362 

Pop.  in  1805,  1,998  whites  and  free  blacks,  and 
26,000  slaves.     Lon.  62°  49°  W.  Lat.  17°  19'  N. 

St,  Christopher,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the 
Indian  sea.     Lat.  32°  20'  S. 

St.  Christopher,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Mozambique. 
Lon.  43°  10'  E.  Lat.  16°  50'  S. 

St.  Chrisioral,  t.  Brazil,  in  Bahia.  It  has  a  fine 
and  well  defended  port,  20  m.  N.  E.  Sergippe. 
Lon.  37°  30'  W.  Lat.  12°  40'  S. 

St.  Chrisloval,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
152"  30'  E.  Lat.  6"  50'  S. 

St.  Christovao,  t.  Brazil,  near  the  coast,  20  m. 
N.E.  Sergipo.     Lat.  11°  30' S. 

St.  Christovao,  t.  Brazil,  10  m.  N.  W.  Rio  Ja- 
neiro. 

St.  Cire,  t.  France,  3  m.  N.  Lyons. 

St.  Clair,  fief,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada,  34  m. 
E.  Quebec. 

St.  Clair,  lake,  N.  America,  between  lake  Hu- 
ron and  lake  Erie,  about  90  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. It  receives  the  waters  of  lake  Huron 
through  St.  Clair  river,  and  discharges  itself  into 
lake  Erie  through  Detroit  river,  'fhe  bottom  of 
the  lake  is  said  to  be  a  perfect  plain,  the  depth  be- 
ing invariably  21  feet,  except  near  the  shore. 

St.  Clair  River,  through  which  lake  Huron  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  about 
40  miles  long,  and  |  of  a  mile  wide,  and  is  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels,  though  there  is  a  bar  at  the 
mouth  where  vessels  sometimes  lighten.  About  a 
mile  below  lake  Huron,  ou  the  W.  bank  of  the 
river,  stands  fort  Gratiot. 

St.  Clair,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.     Pop.  3,080. 

St.  Clair,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,847. 


St.  Clair,  co.  Alabama. 

St.  Clair,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami,  op- 
posite Hamilton. 

St.  Clair,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop, 
in  1818,  4,519.     Chief  town,  Cahokia. 

St.  Claire  sur  Epte,  t.  France,  in  Eure.  27  m.  S- 
E.  Rouen. 

St.  Claire,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  47°  10'  E.  Lat.  24" 
54' S. 

St.  Clairs  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  W. 
side  of  the  Ohio,  below  Hamilton. 

St.  Clairsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Belmont  co.  Ohio, 
11  m.  W.  Wheeling,  70  E.  Zanesville.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  elevated  ground,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  market-house,  a  bank,  a  printing  of- 
fice, and  3  churches,  1  each,  for  Presbyterians, 
Quakers,  and  Methodists.     Pop.  in  1819,"675. 

St.  Clar  de  Lomagne,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  16  ra, 
N.  N.  E.  Auch.    Lon.  0°5l'  E.  Lat.  43°  53'  N. 

St.  Clare,  t.  Wales,  10  m.  W.  Carmarthen. 

St.  Claude,  t.  France,  in  Jura,  18  m.  N.  W.  Ge- 
neva.   Lon.  5°  57'  E.  Lat.  46"  33'  N.    Pop.  2,600. 

St.  ClaiidCf  t.  France,  in  Loir  and  Cher,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Blois. 

St.  Clement,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Tulle. 

St.  Clement,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  2m.S. 
Penzance.     Lou.  5°  35'  W.  Lat.  50°  6'  N. 

jS7.  Clement  de  la  Place,  t.  France,  in  Maine- 
and-Loire,  7  m.  N.  W.  Angers. 

St.  Clcmente,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  25  miles 
in  circumference.     Lon.  241°  56' E.     Lat.  33°  N. 

St.  Cloxtd,  t.  France,  in  Charcnte,  18  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Angouleme. 

St.  Cloud,  t.  France,  near  the  Seine,  15  m.  W 
Paris. 

St.  Coloma,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  12  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Cervera. 

67.  Columb  Major,  t.  England,  in  Cornwall.  Lon. 
4°  47'  W.  Lat.  50"  27'  >f .     Pop.  2,070. 

St.  Columbano,  t.  Italy,  8  m.  S.  Lodi. 

St.  Come,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  15  m.  N.  E, 
Rhodez. 

St.  Cornelius  Munster,  a  princely  abbey,  Ger- 
many, 5  m.  S.  E.  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

St.  Cosmos,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near  the 
coast  of  Friuli.     Lon.  13°  25'  E.  Lat.  45°  46'  N. 

St.  CouloWibe,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  4 
m.  N.  E.  St.  iMalo. 

St.  Croix,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  m. 
S.  W.  Quebec. 

St.  Croix,  r.  Maine,  called  also  Passamaquoddy 
and  Schoodic,  runs  into  Passamaquoddy  bay.  It  is 
the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  New 
Brunswick,  from  its  mouth  to  its  source. 

St.  Croix,  r.  North  America,  which  runs  into 
the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi.  It  is  100  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth,  and  is  connected,  by  a  short  portage, 
with  Boisbrule  a  river  of  lake  Superior.  It  is 
said  to  afford  the  most  practicable  communicatioc 
between  lake  Superior  and  the  Mississijipi. 

Si.  Cyprian,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  N. 
coast,  20  m.  N.  Mondonedo.  Lon.  7°  18'  W.  Lat. 
43°  42'  N. 

St.  Cyprian,  t.  Chili,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  'l60  m.  S.  Valdivia.  Lon.  74°  W.  Lat.  42' 
20'  S. 

St.  Cyr,  V.  France,  near  Versailles. 

St.  Cyr,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  2  m.  N 
W.  Tours. 

St.  David,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New  Brunswick. 


648 


S  A  I 


St.  David,  or  Tegapainam,  fort,  Hindostan,  on 
the  coast  of  Coromandel,  13  m.  S.  Pondicherry, 
Latll''46'N. 

St.  Daricfs,  t.  Wales,  in  Pembroke,  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  It  is  near  the  sea,  48  m.  W.  Caermarthen. 
Lat5r50'N.     Pop.  1,816. 

St.  Denis,  t.  France,  In  Aude,  12  m.  N.  W.  Car- 
cassonne. 

St.  Denis,  t.  France,  celebrated  for  its  abbey,  5 
m.  N.  Paris. 

St.  Denis,  i.  J''rance,  in  Loiret,  9  m.  E.  Orleans. 

iS7.  Denis,  t.  of  the  isl.  of  Bourbon,  and  resi- 
dence of  the  governor.  Lon.  55°  20'  E.  Lat.  21" 
50'  S. 

St.  Denis,  fief,  Cornwallis  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  72  m.  N.  E. 
Quebec. 

St.  Denis,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  river  Sorel,  25  m.  N.  E.  Montreal. 

St.  Didier,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  24  m.  N. 
E.  Le  Pay.     Pop.  3,200. 

St.  Didier,  t  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  9  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Le  Puy. 

St.  Die,  t.  France,  in  Loir-and-Chcr,  on  the 
Loire,  10  m.  N.E.  Blois, 

St.  Diego,  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, in  New  Albion.  Lon.  243°  7'  E.  Lat.  32° 
42' N. 

St.  Diego,  t.  New  Mexico,  on  the  Bravo,  25  m. 
N.  W.  Santa  Fe ;  another,  90  m.  S.  E.  Santa  Fe. 

St.  Diey,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  21  m.  N.  E.  Re- 
miremont.  Lon.  7°  2'  E.  Lat  48"  17'  N.  Pop. 
5,400. 

St.  Diomida,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  ocean. 
Lon.  135°  14'  E.  Lat.  78°  40'  N. 

St.  Diomida,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
190°  14'  E.  Lat.  63°  15'  N. 

St.  Dionysio,  r.  South  America,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.     Lat.  48°  20'  S. 

St.  Disier,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  157  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  5°  2'  E.  Lat.  48''  37'  N.  Pop. 
5,900. 

St.  Domingo.     See  Hispaniola. 

St.  Domingo,  the  capital  of  the  Spanish  part  of 
Hispaniola,  is  on  tlie  W.  margin  of  tJie  river  Oza- 
ma.  Lon.  69°  60'  W.  Lat.  18"  28'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

St.  Domingo,  or  Cacheo,  r.  Africa,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.    Lon.  16°  20'  W.  Lat  12°  8'  N. 

St.  Domingo  Soriano,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  at  the 
union  of  the  Rio  Negro  and  Uraguay,  80  m.  N. 
Buenos  Ayres.    Lat  33°  18'  S. 

St.  Domino,  one  of  the  Tremiti  islands,  in  the 
Adriatic.    Lon.  15"  25'  E.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. 

St.  Donaci,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  10  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Brindisi. 

St.  Donaf,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  6  m.  N.  E.  Tain. 
Pop.  1,600. 

St.  Edmund'' s  Point,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  coast  of 
Norfolk,  in  the  German  sea.  Lon.  0°  28'  E.  Lat. 
52°  58'  N. 

St.  Egreve,  t.  France',  in  Isere,  6  m.  S.  W.  Gre- 
noble. 

St.  Elias,  mountain  on  the  W.  coast  of  North 
America,  17,850  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lon.  144°  W.  Lat  60°  15'  N. 

St.  Enimie,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  10  m.  S. 
Mende,  9  W,  Florae. 

St.  Erango,  t.  Naples,  in  Ban,  15  m.  E.  Gra- 
vina. 

St.  Erasmo,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  4  m.  N,  E. 
Venice. 


S  A  1 

St.  Espain,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  IGip. 
S.  S.  W,  Tours.     Pop.  2,040. 

St.  Estevan  de  Gormas,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  CastiiC; 
on  the  Duero. 

Si.  Estevan  del  Rcy^  t.  Chili,  30  m.  N.  E.  La 
Conception.     Lon,  73"  3'  W.  Lat.  36"  45'  S. 

St.  Etienne,  seigniory,  Dorchester  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  Chaudiere   river,  20  m.  S.  Quebec. 

St.  Etienne  de  Baigorry,  t.  France,  in  Lowex- 
Pyrenees.     Pop.  6,200. 

St.  Etienne  de  Furand,  t.  France  in  Rhone-and- 
Loire.  Here  is  the  greatest  manufactory  of  fire- 
arms in  France.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  rich 
coal-mines.  27  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lyons.  Lon.  4°  29'  E. 
Lat.  45"  26'  N.     Pop.  16,300. 

.S7.  Etienne  de  St.  Geoirs,  i.  France,  in  Isere,  24 
m.  N.  W.  Grenoble,     Pop.  1,450, 

St.  Etienne  de  Montluc,  t.  France,  in  Loire  In- 
ferieure.     Pop.  4,120. 

St.  Eufemia,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  2  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Alessano. 

St.  Ei(femia,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  60  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Reggio.    Lon,  16°  30'  E,  Lat,  39°  2'  N, 

St.  Eustache,  v.  Lower  Canada,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Montreal. 

St.  Eustatius,  or  Euslatia,  one  of  the  Leeward 
Caribbee  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies.  It  rises  out 
of  the  ocean  in  the  form  of  a  huge  pyramidal 
rock,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  and  best  cultivated 
islands  of  all  the  Caribbees.  Tobacco  is  its  chiet 
product.  Pop,  20,000,  of  whom  15,000  are 
blacks.  It  was  taken  by  the  English  in  1801,  but 
restored  to  the  Dutch  in  1814.  9  m.  N.  W.  St. 
Christopher's,     Lon.  63"  5'  W.  Lat  17^31'  N. 

St.  Fargeau,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  21  m.  S,  W. 
Auxerre,  25  S.  W.  Joigny.  Lon.  3°  10'  E.  Lat. 
47°  38'  N. 

St.  Faustino,  t.  New  Grenada,  40  m,  N.  Pam- 
plona.     Lon.  71"  34'  W.  Lat  6"  55'  N. 

St.  Felice,  t.  Italy,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Modena. 

St.  Felice,  t.  Spain^  in  Leon,  12  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Cividad  Rodrigo. 

St.  Felipe,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  29  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Valencia.  Lon.  0°  46'  W.  Lat.  39"  N.  Pop, 
10,000, 

St.  Felipe,  t.  S,  America,  in  Venezuela,  150  m, 
W.  Caraccas,  45  N.  W.  Valencia.  Lat.  10"  15'  N. 
Pop.  6,800. 

5/.  Felipe,  t.  Mexico,  on  the  Bravo,  40  m.  S. 
Santa  Fe. 

5/.  Felipe,  formerly  St.  Luis  de  Maragnon,  t. 
Brazil,  and  cap.  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Maranhao. 
Lon.  45°  36'  W.  Lat.  2°  30'  S.     Pop,  25,000. 

St.  Felipe,  t.  Cuba,  55  m.  S,  E,  Ilavannah. 

St.  Feliu  de  Qiiixolo,  seaport,  Spain,  in  Catalo- 
nia, 50  m.  N.  E.  Barcelona.  Lon.  2"  55'  E,  Lai, 
41°  48'  N, 

St.  Feliu,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  11  m.  W.  Ge- 
rona, 

St.  Felix  Isles,  2  isles  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  coast  of  Chili,     Lon.  80°  W  W.  Lat.  26°  10'  S, 

St.  Felix,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  Tocantins,  130  m.  N. 
E.  Villa  Boa.     Lon.  49°  36'  W.  Lat.  15°  36'  S. 

St.  Felix  de  Caramau,  t  France,  in  Upper  Ga- 
ronne, 22  m.  E,  S.  E,  Toulouse. 

St.  Ferdinand,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri,  14  m. 
N.  W.  St  Louis. 

St.  Ferme,  t  France,  in  Gironde,  27  m.  S,  E, 
Bourdeaux. 

St.  Fernando,  t.  South  America,  in  Tucuman, 
150  m,  W.  St  Jago  de  Esteros.  Lon.  68"  16'  W. 
Lat  28"  S. 


S  A  1 


S  A  I 


St.  Fta(kragg,  a  small  isJ.  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia.     Lon.  20°  39'  E.     Lat.  63"  5^*  N. 

St.  FUippa,  t  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  10  m. 
N.  Nicotera. 

Si.  Fiorensa,  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Corsica,  6  m.  W.  Bastia,  Lon.  9P  37'  E. 
Lat.  42"  35' N.     Pop.  1,500. 

St.  Firming  t.  France,  in  Higher  Alps,  13  m.  N. 
Gap. 

St.  Flaviano,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  near 
the  Adriatic,  12  m.  N.  E.  Teramo. 

St.  Florent,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  7  m.  S.  W. 
Bourges. 

St.  Florent  le  Vkl,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  19  m.  W.  S.  W.  Angers. 

St.  Florentin,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  24  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Troyes,  13  N.  N.  E.  Auxerre.     Pop.  3,000. 

St.  Flour,  city,  France,  in  Cantal.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  50  m.  S.  Clermont  Ferrand.  Lon.  3° 
10'  E.  Lat.  45"  2'  N.     Pop.  5,300. 

St.  Foy,  t.  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  5  m.  S. 
W.  Quebec. 

St.  Foy  le  Grand,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Dordogne,  36  m.  E.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  0"  18'  E. 
Lat.  44"  50'  N.     Pop.  2,830. 

St.  Framburg,  t.  Franre,  3  m.  S.  S.  E.  Paris. 

St.  Framondo,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Uitra,  6 
m.  N.  Benevento. 

.S^.  Francis,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic.    Lat.  12"  50'  S. 

St.  Francis,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  issues  from 
a  considerable  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  flows 
into  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  its  expan- 
sion into  lake  St.  Peter. 

St.  Francis,  r.  whicVi  rises  in  Missouri,  and  after 
a  southerly  course  of  500  miles,  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi, in  Arkansaw  Territory.  It  is  navigable 
800  miles. 

<S^  Francis,  t.  Arkansaw  Territory,  on  the  river 
St.  Francis.    Lat.  35"  N. 

St.  Francisco,  i.  Florida,  56  m.  E.  S.  E.  St. 
Mark. 

.S^.  Francisco,  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  lat.  52°  S. 

St.  Francisco.     See  Francisco  Rio. 

St.  Francisco,  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  North 
America.     Lon.  237"  52'  E.  Lat.  37"  48'  N. 

St.  Francisco,  seaport,  Brazil,  in  St.  Paul.  Lat. 
26^  15'  S. 

<S/.  Francisco  Bay,  bay  of  the  Indian  sea,  on  the 
coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  32"  25'  S, 

St.  Francisnlle,  p-t.  and  cap.  Feliciana  co.  Lou- 
isiana, on  the  Mississippi,  30  ra.  above  Baton 
Rouge. 

St.  Francois,  seignory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  St.  Francis  river,  23  m.  S.  W. 
Three-Rivers. 

St.  Fulgent,  t.  France,  in  Vendee,  9  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Montaigu.     Pop.  1,650. 

St.  Gabriel,  seigniory,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, 10  m.  W.  Quebec. 

St.  Gall,  canton,  Switzerland,  bounded  by  Aus- 
tria and  the  cantons  of  the  Grisons,  Glarus, 
Schweitz,  and  Zurich.  Extent,  1,100  square  miles. 
Pop.  134,000,  of  whom  three-fifths  are  Catholics, 
and  the  rest  Protestants.  The  government  is 
aristo-democratical ;  the  great  council  consists  of 
86  Catholics,  and  66  Protestants.  It  furnishes  to 
the  confederation  of  Switzerland  2,630  men,  and 
3,500/.  sterhng. 

St.  Gall,  t.  Switz.  the  capital  of  the  above  can- 

82 


ton,  is  on  the  Steinach.  It  is  well  built,  surround- 
ed with  walls  and  ditches,  antl  contains  about  9,000 
inhabitants,  for  the  most  part  Protestants.  Lo».  9** 
21'37"W.  Lat.  47"  25' 41"  N. 

St.  Gallim,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat» 
14"  S. 

St.  Oullo,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Brescia. 

St.  Galmier,  t.  France,  in  Rhone -and-Loire,  IS 
m.  E.  Montbrison,  10  N.  St.  Etienne, 

St.  Gaudcns,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  on 
the  Garonne,  44  m.  S.  S.  W.  Toulouse.  Lon.  0" 
48'  E.  Lat.  43"  6'  N.     Pop.  4,200. 

St.  Geminiano,  t.  Tuscany,  in  Florence,  24  m. 
S.  Florence.     Pop.  2,000. 

St.  Genest  de  Malisaut,  i.  France,  in  Rhone-and- 
Loire,  6  m.  S.  St.  Etienne.     Pop.  2,000. 

St.  Genevieve,  t.  France,  6  m.  W.  Paris. 

St.  Genevieve,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  27'  m.  N. 
Rhodez.    Pop.  1,25a 

St.  Genevieve,  co.  Missouri,  on  the  Mississippi. 

St.  Genevieve,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Genevieve  co. 
Missouri,  is  in  a  handsome  plain,  on  the  second 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  about  1  mile  from  the 
river,  21  below  Herculaneum,  51  S.  S.  E.  St  Louis. 
It  contained  in  1817,  about  350  houses,  an  acade- 
my, and  8  or  10  stores.  It  has  considerable  trade, 
being  the  principal  depot  of  the  rich  lead  mine$ 
of  Missouri,  and  the  store-house  whence  the  uiU 
ners  draw  their  supplies. 

67.  Gengou  le  Royal,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and  ; 
Loire,  11  m.  N.Clunv,  20  N.  N.  W.  Macon. 

St.  Genies,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m,  N.  W. 
Nismes,  10  S.W.  Uzes. 

St.  Genies  de  Rivedolt,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron> 
18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Rhodez.  Lon.  3"  3'  E.  Lat.  M" 
28'  N.     Pop.  3,350. 

5/.  Genis,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charentc,  24  m. 
S.  Saintes,  12  S.  Pons. 

St.  Genis,  t.  Savoy,  15  m.  W.Chambery. 

St.  Genis  la  Val,  t.  France,  4  m.  S.  Lyons.  Pop. 
2,400. 

St.  Geoire,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Grenoble.     Pop.  3,450. 

St.  Georg,  t.  Germany,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Teya  and  March,  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  Presburg.  Pop, 
2,399. 

-S^.  Georg,  t.  Hungary,  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Presbui^. 

St.  George,  the  largest  of  the  Bermuda  islands, 
15  miles  long  and  3  broad.  St.  George  is  also  the 
name  of  the  capital.  Lon.  64"  32'  W.  Lat.  32° 
40' N. 

Si.  George,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Grenada, 
formerly  called  Fort  Royal,  possessing  one  of  the 
best  harbours  in  the  English  West  Indies,  which 
has  lately  been  fortified,  Lon.  61"  31'  W.  Lat. 
12"  4' N. 

67,  George,  or  St.  Jorge,  one  of  the  Azore  islands, 
about  10  leagues  long  and  2  broad.  It  was  rav- 
aged by  a  terrible  volcano  in  1808.  Lon.  28°  W. 
Lat.  38"  39'  N. 

67.  George,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and-Loire,  20 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Angers. 

St.  George,  isl.  in  the.Grecian  archipelago,  3  m. 
E.  Milo. 

67.  George,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Sandarlick.  Lon.  26* 
42' E.    Lat.  38"  48' N. 

St.  George,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Hindoostao, 
4  m.  from  Goa. 

St.  George,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New  Brunswick,  OD 
Passamaquoddy  bay. 

St.  Georgp,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  E.  si^l^ 


HSO 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  at  its  mouth,  adjoin- 
ing Thomastown,  38  m.  from  Wiscasset. 

St.  George,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt  8  m.  S.  E.  Bur- 
lington.    Pop.  68. 

.   <S/.  George,  r.  Florida,  which  runs  into  the  St. 
John,  in  Ion.  81°  47'  W.  lat  30°  35'  N. 

St.  George  Cape,  and  Islands,  near  the  coast  of 
Florida,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Apalachicola. 

67.  George  sur  Loire,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  9  m.  S.  W.  Angers.     Pop.  2,350. 

St.  George  d'  Orque,  t.  France,  4  m.  VV.  Montpe- 
lier. 

St.  Georges  des  Sept  Votes,  t.  France,  in  Maine- 
and  Loire,  2  m.  W.  Roziers.     Pop.  2,320. 

St.  George'' s  Channel,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean  which  lies  between  Ireland  and  Wales. 

<S/.  George'' s,  p-t.  New  Castle  co.  Del.  Pop.  of 
St.  George's  hundred  2,880. 

St.  George'' s,  r.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  between  Piney  point  and  St. 
Mary's  river.  Opposite  its  mouth  is  the  island  of 
St.  George. 

St.  George's  bank,  fishing  bank  off  the  coast  of 
Mass.  It  extends  between  lat.  41°  15'  and  42°  22' 
iV.  and  between  Ion.  67°  50'  and  68°  40'  W. 

St.  George  d''Albora,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago.   Lon.  23°20'E.  Lat.  37"  28' N. 

-S^  Georgen  am  See,  t.  Bavarian  states,  h  m-  N. 
N.  E.  Bavreuth. 

St.  Germain,  t.  France  in  Aube,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Troyes. 

St.  Germain,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  52  m.  S.  W. 
Exeter.     Pop.  2,139. 

St.  Germain,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the 
Wabash,  between  Vincennes  and  Fort  Harrison. 

St.  Germain  les  Belles  Filles,  t.  France,  in  Up- 
per Vienne,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Limoges.    Pop.  2,050. 

St.  Germain  Lambrons,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de 
Dome,  12  m.  W.  N.  W.  Brioud,  6  S.  Issoire. 

67.  Germain  en  Laye,  t.  France,  in  Seine -and- 
Oise,  on  the  Seine.  'The  forest  in  the  vicinity  is 
one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  kingdom.  12 
m.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  2°  10'  E.  Lat.  48°  54'  N.  Pop. 
9,000. 

St.  Germain  du  Plain,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  6  m.  S.  E.  Chalons-sur-Saone. 

St.  Germano,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  48  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Naples.  Lon.  13°  45  'E.  Lat.  41°  33'  N.  Pop. 
3,000. 

St.  Germano,  t.  Popedom,  13  m.  E.  N.  E.  Ur- 
bino. 

St.  Germano,  t.  Piedmont,  4  m.  E.  St.  Ja.  Pop. 
2,600. 

St.  Germano,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico.    Lon.  67°  40'  W.     Lat.  1 8°  20'  N. 

St.  Germans,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  8  m.  W.  Ply- 
mouth.   Lon.  4°  10'  W.   Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

67.  Gervais,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  9  m.  S. 
Montagu.     Pop.  2,200. 

St.  Gervais,  seigniory,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, 18  m.  S.  E.  Quebec. 

St.  Gervaso,  t.  Italy,  15  m.  S.  Brescia. 

67.  Gery,  t.  France,  in  Lot,  5  m.  N.  W.  Cahors. 

St.  Giacamo,  Cape,  Naples,  in  the  Gulf  of  Ta- 
lento.    Lon.  17°  13'  E.    Lat.  39°  39'  N. 

St.  Giaromo,  t.  Italy,  3  m.  S.  Verona. 

St.  Gilles,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  18  m.  S.  Quebec. 

St.  Gilles  les  Boucheries,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  10 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Nimes,  9  W.  Aries.    Pop.  5,050. 

67.  Gilles  sur  Fie,  s-p.  France,  in  Vendee,  9  m. 
d.  Challans. 

St.  Gillian,  or  St.  Guislain.  or  St.  Ghrslain,  *. 


Nellierlands.    It  is  considered  the  Key  of  Mans 
10  m.  E.  Conde,  3  W,  Mons. 

67.  Gingo,  or  Gingoux,  or  Gingoulp,  t.  partly 
in  Savoy  and  partly  in  Switzerland,  on  the  lake  of 
Geneva,  6  m.  S.  by  W.  Vevay. 

St.  Giorgio,  t.  Piedmont,  6  m.  N.  W.  Chirasso. 
Pop.  6,000. 

67.  Giorgio,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  4  m.  E. 
Tarento. 

6/.  Giorgio,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  3  m.  N.  N.W. 
Nardo. 

67.  Giorgio,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  3  m. 
S.  E.  Benevento.     Pop.  6,000. 

St.  Giorgio,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the  Adige,  G 
m.  S.  E.  Verona. 

67.  Giorgio,  t.  Italy,  11  m.  N.  Bologna. 

St.  Giovanni,  t.  Italy,  6  m.  W.  Piacenza. 

St.  Giovanni  Rotondo,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata , 
10  m.  N.  W.  Manfredonia.     Pop.  4,500. 

St.  Girons,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  21  m.  W.  Ta- 
rascon,  42  S.  Toulouse.  Lon.  1°  13'  E.  Lat.  42" 
a9'N. 

St.  Giuliano,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  17  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Brindisi. 

St.  Giuliano,  t.  Italy,  7  m.  S.  E.  Milan. 

6/.  Goar,  or  67.  Gower,  t.  Prussian  states,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Rhine,  16  m.  S.  Coblentz,  46  E. 
N.E.  Treves.     Lon.  7°  43' E.    Lat.  50°  8' N. 

67.  Gobin,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  celebrated  for 
its  manufacture  of  looking-glasses,  some  of  which 
are  cast  of  an  immense  size.  4  m.  S.  La  Fere,  6 
E.  Chauny. 

St.  Oondon,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  28  m.  S.  E.  Or- 
leans. 

St.  Gonsalvo,  t.  Brazil,  in  St.  Salvador,  40  m. 
W.  Sergipo. 

St.  Gothard,  a  chain  of  mountains  of  Switzer- 
land, in  the  canton  of  Uri,  the  summit  of  which  i? 
Baid  to  be  9,075  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

St.  Gowen'sHead,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Wales, 
in  Pembroke.     Lon.  5°  W.    Lat.  51°  33' N. 

St.  Gregorio,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  » 
m.  N.  W.  Cangiano. 

St.  Guillaume,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  15  m.  S. 
Grenoble. 

6/.  Heand,  t.  France,  in  Rhone-and-Loire,  27 
m.  S.  W.  Lyons.     Pop.  2,700. 

St.  Helena,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  detached 
from  any  group,  600  m.  from  Ascension  island,  the 
nearest  land;  1,200  from  the  coast  of  Africa,  and 
1,800  from  S.  America.  Since  1815,  the  island 
has  attracted  attention  as  the  prison  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte.  Since  that  time  every  thing  has  been 
arranged  with  a  primary  view  to  his  secure  custo- 
dy ;  a  governor  has  been  appointed,  whose  princi- 
pal office  is  to  watch  over  his  illustrious  captive  ; 
and  commissioners  have,  with  the  same  view,  been 
sent  by  the  other  allied  powers  to  reside  there. 
The  access  allowed  to  India  ships  has  also  been 
limited,  in  order  to  prevent  any  danger  which 
might  arise  from  the  intercourse  of  strangers.  St. 
Helena  is  lOi  miles  long,  by  6|  broad,  and  about 
28  in  circumference.  It  presents  to  the  sea, 
throughout  its  whole  circuit,  nothing  but  an  im- 
mense wall  of  perpendicular  rock,  from  600  to 
1,200  feet  high,  like  a  castle  in  the  midst  of  the 
ocean.  Its  aspect  is  still  more  bleak  and  dreary 
than  that  of  Ascension.  In  the  interior,  however, 
are  a  number  of  fertile  and  beautiful  vallies.  The 
loftiest  eminence,  called  Diana's  peak,  situated 
nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  island,  is  2,700  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  There  are  only  four 
openings  in  the  great  wall  of  rock  which  surrountl« 


S  A  I 

ihe  island,  by  which  it  can  be  approached  with 
facility.  These  are  strongly  fortified.  The  cli- 
mate of  St.  Helena  is  temperate  and  agreeable. 
In  the  course  of  a  year  the  thermometer  at  Plan- 
tation house  varied  only  from  61  to  73  degrees. 
Governor  Beatson  estimates  that  there  are  in  the 
island  6,000  acres  covered  with  soil,  of  which  be- 
tween 2,000  and  3,000  are  fit  for  the  plough.  In 
1809,  the  island  contained  1,811  sheep,  and  2,887 
goats.  The  advantage  of  St.  Helena  as  a  place 
of  refreshment  is  confined  exclusively  to  the  re- 
turning East  India  ships.  Ships  going  out  to  India 
cannot  maice  St.  Helena.  Lon.  5"  49'  W.  Lat.  15° 
5'S. 

Si.  Helena,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  S.  C.  13  miles 
long  and  3  broad.  Between  the  island  and  the 
mamland  is  St.  Helena  sound.  Lon.  80°  36'  W. 
Lat.  32"  23'  N. 

at,  Helena,  parish,  Beaufort  district,  S.  C.  com- 
prising the  islands  Port  royal,  St.  Helena,  and 
the  adjacent  smaller  islands.  Pop.  in  1800, 
2,970. 

St.  Helena,  parish,  Louisiana,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Ibberville,  bounded  E.  by  St.  Tammany 
parish. 

St.  Helena,  p-t.  St.  Helena  parish,  Louisiana. 

St.  Helen'' s,  road,  in  the  English  channel,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  which  serves  as  a 
rendezvous  for  tlie  British  navy. 

St.  Helier,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of  Jersey,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of  St.  Aubin,  4  m.  E.  St.  Au- 
bin.     Lon.  T  8'  W.    Lat.  48°  38'  N.     Pop.  6,460. 

St.  Hermogenes,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
152°  W.    Lat.  58"  20'  N. 

St.  Hernin,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  4  m.  S.  W. 
Carhaix. 

St.  Hilaire,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  E.  Paris. 

67.  Hilaire,  t.  France,  in  Channel,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Mortain. 

St.  Hilaire,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  6  m.  N.  E.  Li- 
moux,  9  S.  Carcassonne. 

St.  Hubert,  t.  Netherlands,  40  m.  S.  E.  Namur. 
Pop.  1,300.     Lon.  5°  27'  E.     Lat.  50°  1'  N. 

St.  Hyacinthe,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower 
Canada,  23  m.  E.  Montreal. 

St.  Hi/polite,  t.  France,  in  Aveiron,  24  m.  N. 
Rhodez. 

57.  Hypolite,  t.  France,  in  Doubs,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Besan^on.  Lon.  6°  33' E.  Lat.  47°  19' N.  Pop. 
3,000. 

67.  Hypolite,  t.  France,  in  Card,  34  m.  W.  N.W. 
Nimes.'  Lon.  3°  56'  E.  Lat.  43°  58'  N.  Pop. 
5,100. 

St.  Hypolite,  i.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  9  m. 
N.  Colmar.    Pop.  1,700. 

67.  Ja,  or  67.  Ya,  or  67.  Agatha,  t.  Piedmont,  on 
the  Naviglio,  18  m.  E.  Ivrea.  Lon.  8°  8'  E.  Lat. 
45"  22'  N. 

St.  Jacques,  t.  France,  in  North  Coasts,  14  m. 
N.  W.  St.  Brieuc. 

67.  Jugo  de  Veragua,  t.  Mexico,  and  cap.  of  Ve- 
ragua,  1 10  m.  S.  W.  Porto  Bello.  Lon.  81°  46'  W. 
Lat.  8°  40'  N. 

67.  Jago,  city  and  cap.  of  Chili,  situated  in  a 
beautiful  plain,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  Ma- 
pocho.  It  contains  a  royal  university,  cathedral, 
mint,  and  other  public  buildings,  and  has  an  ex- 
tensive commerce.  Its  port  is  Valparaiso.  75  m. 
S.  E.  Valparaiso,  Lon.  76°  46' W.  Lat.  33°  30' S. 
Pop.  46,000. 

St.  Jago,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Cape  de  Verd 
islands.  It  is  about  60  miles  in  circumference, 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.     The  chief  towns  are 


S  A  I 


65i 


St.  Jago  and  Praya.  Lon.  23°  40'  W.  Lat.  15° 
4'N. 

67.  Jago,  s-p.  and  once  the  cap.  of  the  island  of 
St.  Jago,  and  of  all  the  Cape  de  Verd  Islands,  and 
see  of  a  bishop.  The  trade  and  seat  of  govern- 
ment are  now  transferred  to  Porto  Praya,  7  m.  to 
the  N.  E.  and  St.  Jago  is  almost  deserted. 

67.  Jago,  t.  Cuba,  near  the  S.  coast,  with  a 
good  harbour.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Lon.  75"* 
32' W.     Lat.  20°  15' N. 

St.  Jago  de  Compostella.     See  Compostella. 

St.  Jago  del  Estero,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the 
Dolce,  226  m.  S.  Salta.  Lon.  63°  5' W.  Lat  27' 
46' N. 

St.  James,  isl.  with  a  fort,  about  25  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Gambia. 

6;.  James,  t.  France,  in  the  Channel,  9  m.  S.. 
Avranches.     Pop.  2,500. 

St.  James,  parish,  Charleston  district,  S.  C.  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Santee,  40  m.  N.  N.  E.  Charles- 
ton. 

St.  Janni,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  Naples.    Lon.  13°  52'  E.   Lat.  39°  59'  N. 

St.  Jaques,  or  St.  Jacob,  v.  Switzerland,  1  m.  E. 
Bale. 

St.  Jean,  fief,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower  Canada, 
30  m.  N.  W.  Three-Rivers. 

St.  Jean  d''Angeli,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Cha- 
rente,  17  m.  N.  Saintes.  Lon.  0°  25' W.  Lat.  45" 
59'  N.     Pop.  5,400. 

St.  Jean  d''Avela,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  21  m.  N» 
N.  W.  Grenoble. 

67.  Jea7i  des  Baissants,  t.  France,  in  Channel,. 
4  m.  S.  St.  Lo. 

St.  Jean  de  Boumay,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  12  m.  E, 
Vienne.     Pop.  2,900. 

St.  Jean  de  Braye,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  3  m.  E. 
Orleans. 

St.  Jean  de  Brcuil,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  12  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Milhau.     Pop.  2,150. 

St.  Jean  de  Cardonnet,  t.  France,  in  Lower 
Seine,  6  m.  N.  W.  Rouen. 

67,  Jean  de  port  Joli,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St  Lawrence,  49 
m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

St.  Jean  de  Gardonncnque,  t.  France,  in  Gard, 
27  m.  N.  W.  Nismes.     Pop.  3,200. 

St.  Jean  de  Losne,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  15 
m.  S.  E.  Dijon.    Lon.  5°  19'  E.  Lat.  47"  3'  N. 

6/.  .Teande  Lus,  seaport,  France,  in  Lower  Py- 
renees, 10  m.  S.  W.  Bayonne.  Lon.  1°  33'  W. 
Lat.  43°  23'  N.     Pop.  2,300. 

St.  Jean  de  Maurienne,  t.  Savoy.  27  m.  S.  E. 
Chambery.  Lon.  6°  16'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N.  Pop. 
2,400. 

St.  Jean  du  Mont,  t.  France,  in  Vendee,  7  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Challans. 

67.  Jean  Pied  de  Port,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Py- 
renees, with  a  citadel  built  on  a  rock,  which  com- 
mands the  great  road  over  the  Pyrenees.  12  m. 
S.  E.  Bayonne.  Lon.  1°  10'  W.  Lat.  43°  9' N. 
Pop.  1,500. 

St.  Jean  de  Vertus,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  24  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Grenoble. 

67.  Jeromes  Channel,  inlet  in  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan. 

67.  Jerom's  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patago- 
nia, in  the  straits  of  Magellan. 

67.  Ig7iace,  seigniory,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, 8  m.  N.  W.  Quebec. 

67.  Ignatio,  t.  Paraguay,  40  m.  S.  E.  Assump- 
tion. 

St.  Ignatio,  t.  Paraguay,  120  m.  S.  Assumption. 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


JSl.  Ildefonso,  L  Spain,  in  01d€astile,  contaming 
a  royal  palace,  6  m.  S.  Segovia,  40  N.  by  W.  Ma- 
Aid.     Pop.  4,300. 

St.  Ildefonso' s  Islands,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Terra 
del  Fuego.    Lon.  73°  46'  W.  Lat.  55"  53'  S. 

SL  Inigoes,  p-t.  St.  Marys  co.  Md. 

St.  Joachim,  parish,  in  Cote  de  Beaupre  seign- 
iory. Lower  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  22  m. 
iSf.E.  Quebec. 

St.  Joao,  or  Angra,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  1°  N. 

St.  Joao  de  Monte,  t  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  m. 
W.  S.  W.  St.  Viseu. 

St.  Joao  de  Pesqueira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  ou 
the  Duero,  21  m.  E.  S.  E.  Lamego.  Lon.  7°  1'  W. 
Lat.  41°  1'  N. 

St.  Joao  del  Rey,  i.  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  80 
m.  S.  W.  Villarica. 

St.  Job,  t.  Hungary,  24  m.  S.  E.  Dcbreczin. 

Si.  John,  one  of  the  Virgin  islands,  in  the  W. 
Indies,  12  leagues  E.  Porto  Rico.  Lon.  64"  32' 
W.  Lat.  18"  7' N. 

St.  John,  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Antigua.    Lon.  62'M' W.  Lat.  17"  4'N. 

iS^  John,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  Indian 

s«a.   Lat.  srao's. 

St.  John,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, lat  19"aO'N. 

St.  John,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  153° 
50'  E.  Lat  4°  S. 

St.  John,  cape,  the  E.  point  of  Staten  island. 
Lon.  64°  7'  W.  Lat.  54°  46'  N. 

St.  John,  seftport  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Tinos.     Lon.  25°  15'  E.  Lat.  37°  32'  N. 

St.  John,  or  Prince  Edward^ s  Island,  isl.  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  to  the  W.  of  the  island  of 
Cape  Breton,  and  N.  of  Nova  Scotia,  about  100 
miles  long,  and  30  in  its  mean  breadth.  It  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  French.  Charlotte's  Town 
is  the  capital.  Lon.  63°  W.  Lat  46°  20'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

St.  John,  or  Fort  St.  John,  t  and  fort,  Canada, 
oin  tlie  W,  side  of  the  river  Chamblee,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Montreal,  Lat  45^  19'  N,  The  British  naval 
force  on  lake  Chaniplain  had  its  principal  station 
here  during  the  late  war. 

67.  Johns,  r.  which  rises  in  Maine,  a  litUe  north 
of  Chesuncook  lake,  and  after  passing  through  3 
great  lakes,  runs  north-east  for  some  distance, 
and  then  turning  to  the  south-east  enteis  New 
Brunswick,  and  empties  into  the  bay  of  Fundy. 
With  the  exception'  of  two  short  portages,  it  is 
navigable  for  boats  from  its  mouth  to  its  source,  a 
distance  of  more  than  300  miles. 

Si.  Johns,  CO.  New  Brunswick,  on  the  bay  of 
Fundy. 

»'  St.  John's,  city,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  St.  Johns.  It  is  on  elevated  ground, 
handsomely  laid  out,  and  contains  5  churches,  1 
each  for  Episcopalians,  Scotch,  Methodists,  Bap- 
tists, and  Roman  Catholics;  and  a  city  hall.  The 
tides  rise  here  at  times  more  than  30  feet,  and  the 
harbor  is  open  for  navigation  throughout  the  year. 

St.  John's,  the  capital  of  Newfoundland,  is  on 
the  S.-E.  coast  of  the  island.  In  1815,  it  contain- 
ed about  12,000  inhabitant.  In  February  1816, 
a  dreadful  fire  destroyed  117  houses.  In  Novem- 
ber 1817,  two  still  more  dreadful  conflagrations 
laid  waste  nearly  the  whole  of  the  town.  Not  less 
than  half  a  million  sterling  of  property  was  de- 
stroyed in  a  few  hours.     Lat.  47"  35'  N. 

St.  John's,  r.  the  principal  river  of  East  Fiori- 


da.  Its  sources  have  not  been  exactly  ascertained, 
but  are  supposed  to  be  between  lat  26°  and  ^°  N. 
It  runs  north  parallel  with  the  Atlantic  coast,  ex- 
panding into  several  lakes,  particularly  lake 
George,  which  is  20  miles  long  and  15  wide,  and 
embosoms  several  islands.  Within  20  miles  of  its 
mouth,  the  river  turns  to  tiie  east,  and  falls  into 
tile  Atlantic,  near  lat.  30"  N.  36  m.  S.  St  Mary's. 
Its  wtiole  length  is  about  300  miles,  and  it  is  nav- 
igable for  vessels  which  can  pass  the  bar  at  its 
mouth,  for  150  miles,  to  lake  George.  The  bar 
has  9  feet  of  water  at  low  tide,  and  there  is  good 
anchorage  outside  of  the  bar  for  large  vessels. — 
The  lauds  on  this  river  are  very  fertile,  and  nu- 
merous settlements  extend  along  its  banks. 

St.  Johns,  r.  Missouri,  which  flows  into  the  S. 
side  of  the  Missouri,  E.  of  Gasconade  river. 

St.  John's  Cape,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  bay  of  Donegal,  14  m.  W.  Donegal.  Lon. 
8°  20'  W.  Lat.  54°  34'  N. 

St.  John's  Lake,  lake  of  Canada,  108  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Quebec.     Lon.  72°  25'  W.  Lat.  48°  25'  N. 

St.  John's,  r.  which  runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence, 
in  ion.  64°  10'  W.  Lat.  50°  20'  N. 

St.  Johnsburg,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  31  m.  N.E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  1,330. 

St.  Johnstown,  t.  Ireland,  6  m.  N.  E.  Longford. 

St.  Johnsloion,  t  Ireland,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  London- 
derry. 

St.  Jorge,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  coast.  Lon.  22°  40' 
W.  Lat  l4"4o'S. 

St.  Josef,  t.  Cuba,  125  m.  W.  S.  W.  Havanna. 

St.  Josef,  t.  California,  45  m.  S.  Loreto.  Lon. 
109"  48' W.  Lat  23°  4' N. 

St.  Josef,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of 
Patagonia.     Lat.  44°  30'  S. 

St.  Josef,  t.  New  Mexico,  on  the  Bravo,  27  m. 
N.  W.  Santa  Fc. 

St.  Joseph,  t  Africa,  in  Galam,  ou  the  Senegal, 
10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Galam. 

St.  Joseph,  seigniory,  Buckingham  and  Dor- 
chester counties.  Lower  Canada,  on  Chaudiere 
river,  33  m.  S.  E.  Quebec. 

St.  Josephs,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  St.  Mary's 
which  connect  lake  Superior  with  lake  Huron.  It 
is  about  75  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  separa- 
ted by  a  channel  from  Drummond's  island  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  On  the  S.  point  of  the  island 
is  the  site  of  a  British  fort  destroyed  during  the 
late  war,  and  near  it  an  establishment  of  the  N. 
W.  fur  company. 

St.  Joseph's,  r.  Indiana,  which  joins  the  St  Ma- 
ry's, at  Fort  Wayne,  to  form  Maumee  river. 

St.  Joseph's,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  rises 
near  the  sources  of  Maumee  river,  and  flows  into 
lake  Michigan,  near  its  S.  extremity.  It  greatly 
facilitates  the  trade  between  Detroit  and  Chicago. 

St.  Joseph,  t.  Florida,  in  a  bay  of  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  to  which  it  gives  name.  Lon.  85°  34'  W. 
Lat  29°  48' N. 

St.  Jouan  de  I' Isle,  t.  France,  in  North  coasts, 
24  m.  S.  St.  Malo.     Lon.  2°  29'  W.  Lat  48°  12'  N. 

St.Joze,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  Tapajos,  45  m.  S. 
Pauxis. 

St.  Jose,  t.  Brazil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  80  m.  S.  W. 
Villarica. 

St.  Joze,  t  Brazil,  in  Goyas,  75  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Villa  Boa. 

St.  Isabella,  t.  Brazil,  180  m.  N.  E.  St  Salvador. 
Latino's. 

St.  Juan,  seaport,  Guatimala,  in  Nicaragua,  30 
m.  S,  E.  Leon.    Lon.  87°  38'  W.    Lat  12°  W  N. 


iJA  «-.»••. 'It:  ,«tf.:«. 


'.«*;  -^iii:  r:^  ,^m  *mm 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


653 


'Si.  Juan,  t.  East  Florida,  12  m,  N.  St.  Mark. 

Si.  Juan  Batista,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
149"  W.  Lat.  26"  S. 

St,  JuandeBitenavista,  t.  Cuba,  on  the  N.  coast. 
I.  on.  77^^  57'  W.  Lat.  22"  2'  N. 

St.  Juan  de  hs  Remedies,  t.  Cuba,  on  the  N. 
coast.     Lon.  79"  1 1'  W.  Lat.  22°  30'  N. 

St.  Juan  de  Porto  Rico,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island 
of  Porto  Rico,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  with 
a  good  harbor,  defended  by  a  citadel.  Lon.  66" 
20'  W.  Lat.  18"  30'  N. 

St.  Juan  d^Ulua,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Vera  Cruz.  Here  is  a  for- 
tress to  defend  the  entrance  into  the  harbor  of  Ve- 
ra Cruz. 

St.  Jves,  seajwrt  and  borough,  England,  in  Corn- 
wall. It  sends  2  members  to  parliament.  22  m. 
N.  W.  Falmouth,  276  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  5" 
20'  W.  Lat.  50"  14'  N.     Pop.  4,078. 

St.  Ives,  t.  Eng.  in  Huntingdonshire,  on  the 
Ouse,  7  m.  E.  Huntingdon,  59  N.  London.  Lat. 
52°  IT  N.     Pop.  2,426. 

St.  Julia  de  Orascapou,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Ga- 
ronne, 21  m.  E.  S.  E.  Toulouse. 

St.  Julien''s  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Patagonia.    Lat.  49"  10'  S. 

St.  Julien,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Dijon. 

St.  Julien  du  Sauli,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  10  m. 
S.  Sens. 

St.  Julien  de  Fouvantcs,  t.  France,  30  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Nantes. 

St.  Jwnien,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  15  m. 
W.Limoges.  Lon.0"59'E.  Lat.  45"  53' N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

St.  Just,  t.  England,  in  Cornwall,  7  m.  W.  Pen- 
zance. 

St.  Just,  t.  France,  in  Oise,  9  m.  N.  Clermont. 

St.  Just,  t.  France,  in  Aveyron,  6  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Sauveterre. 

St.  Justin,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Pont  de  Marsan. 

St.  Kiffi,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lon, 
24"10'E.  Lat.  38"  43' N. 

St.  Kilda,  isl.  of  the  Hebrides,  which  gives 
name  to  a  group.  It  is  3  miles  long  and  2  broad. 
60  m.  W.  S.  W.  Harris,  15  W,  N.  W.  the  north 
point  of  South  Uist.  Lon.  8"  18'  W.  Lat.  55"  48' 
N.     Pop.  in  1818,  108. 

St.  Kinosa,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lon. 
25"34'E.  Lat.  36°  53' N. 

St.  Kitts.     See  St.  Christopher. 

St.  Lambrecht,  t.  Bavarian  province  of  the 
Rhine,  near  Neustadt.     Pop.  1,000. 

St.  Laurence,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Russia.     Lon.  188"  18'  E.   Lat.  63"  48'  N. 

St.  Laurent,  t.  France,  7  m.  N.  Rouen. 

St.  Laurent  sur  Othain,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  12 
01.  N.  Estain. 

St.  Laurent  de  la  Salanque,  t.  France,  in  East 
Pyrenees,  7  m.  N.  E.  Perpignan. 

St.  Lawrence,  r.  one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  N. 
America,  which  rises  near  the  sources  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  passing  through  the  great  lakes  Supe- 
rior, Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario,  falls  into  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  a  mouth  90  miles  wide. 
hi  different  parts  of  its  course  it  is  known  by  dif- 
ferent names.  From  the  sea  to  Montreal  it  is  call- 
ed the  St.  Lawrence ;  from  Montreal  to  Kingston, 
the  Cataraqui  or  Iroquois ;  betAveen  lake  Ontario 
and  lake  Erie,  Niagara  river ;  between  lake  Erie 
and  lake  St.  Clair,  the  Detroit;  between  lake  St. 
Clair  and  lake  Huron,  the  river  St.  Clair ;  be 
twecn,  lake  Huron  and  lake  Superior,  the  straits 


of  St.  Mary,  fonning  thus  an  uninterrupted  con- 
nection for  2,000  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  ships 
of  the  line  400  miles,  to  Quebec,  and  for  ships 
drawing  14  feet  water  to  Montreal,  580  miles. 

<S7.  Lawrence,  Gulf  of,  a  gulf  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  inclosed  between  New- 
foundland, Labrador,  Canada,  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  It 
is  350  miles  long  and  150  broad.  Lon.  57"  to  65" 
W.  Lai.  47°  51' N. 

St.  Lawrence,  co.  N,  Y.  Pop.  7,894.  Chief 
town,  Ogdensburg. 

St.  Lazaro,  t.  New  Mexico,  50  m.  S.  Santa  Fe. 

St.  Leger,  t.  France,  in  Seine-and-Oise,  15  m. 
N.  W.  Dourdan,  24  S.  W.  Paris. 

St.  Leger  sur  d''Heune,t.  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  9  m..  N.  W.  Chalons  sur  Saone. 

St.  Leo,t.  Italy,  in  the  Popedom,  12  m.  N.  N.  VV. 
Urbino.  Lon.  10°  20'  Lat.  43"  55'  N,  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop. 

St.  Leonard,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  10  m. 
E.  Limoges.  Pop.  4,800.  Lon.  1°  34'  E.  Lat.  45" 
50' N. 

St.  Leonards,  p-t.  Calvert  co.  Md. 

St.  Leone,  t.  Sicily,  6  m.  S.  E.  Girgenti. 

St.Leonbard,  t.  Austrian  Ulyria,  on  the  river 
Lavant,  104  m.  W.  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  14"  27' 
E.  Lat.  46°  53' N. 

St.  Leven's  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
England,  near  the  Land's  End.  Lon.  5°  41  W. 
Lat.  50"  4' N. 

•S7.  Liebault,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  9  m.  W. 
Troyes. 

iS7.  Lizier,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  2  m.  N.  St- 
Girons.      Lon.  1"  13'  E.  Lat.  43"  N.      Pop.  1,100. 

St.  Llorens,  t  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  9  m.  N.  Sol- 
sona. 

St.  Lo,  t.  France,  dep.  of  the  Channel,  on  the 
Vire,  3^  posts  E.  Coutance*.  Lon.  1"  1'  W.  Lat. 
49"  7' N.     Pop.  7,000. 

St.  Lorenzo,  t.  Paraguay,  270  m.  S.  E.  Assump- 
tion. 

St.  Lotiero,  t.  Naplee,  in  Principato  Ultra,  15  m 
E.  N.  E.  Benevento. 

St.  Loubes,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  1^  m.  N.  E. 
Bourdeaux.     Pop.  2,400. 

-S7,  Louis,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Senegal, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  occupied  by  the  French. 
Lon.  16"  8' W.  Lat.  16"  N. 

67.  Louis,  s-p.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hispaniola, 
220  m.  W.  St.  Dcrtningo.  Lon.  74°  19'  W.  Lat.  18" 
16' N. 

St.  Louis,  seigniory,  Huntingdon  Co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  S?*ide  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  8  m.  S. 
Montreal. 

Si.  Louis,  CO.  Missouri,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  riv- 
er Missouri,  at  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi, 

67.  Louis,  p-t.  and  cap.  St.  Louis  co.  Missouri, 
stands  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  18  m.  be- 
low the  mouth  ofthe  Missouri,35  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Illinois,  200  above  themouthof  the  Ohio,  1,200 
above  New  Orleans,  50  N.  N.  W.  Kaskaskia,  18  S. 
W.  Edwardsville.  The  bank  of  the  river  ascends 
gradually  from  the  landing  to  the  rear  of  the  town, 
where  it  terminates  in  a  plain  which  extends  for 
15  miles  around,  and  consists  of  a  stratum  of  rich 
alhnial  soil,  bottomed  on  limestone  rock.  The 
houses  areprincipally  builton  three  parallel  streets,  ^ 
which  extend  more  than  2  miles  along  the  river, 
and  rise  each  above  the  other. 

No  inland  town  in  the  world  is  more  advanta- 
geously situated  for  commerce  than  St.  Louis.  It 
is  near  the  point  where  several  of  the  largest  riv- 


654 


S  A  I 


ers  in  America  unite  their  waters.  It  is  the  nat- 
ural depot  for  the  vast  and  fertile  regfions  watered 
by  the  Missouri,  the  Upper  Mississippi,  the  Illi- 
nois, and  their  numerous  tributaries,  rivers  which 
traverse  the  continent  for  thoOsands  of  miles  in  va- 
rious directions,  and  along  whose  banks  the  tide 
of  population  is  now  rolling  with  unexampled 
rapidity.  Measures  have  already  been  taken  by 
the  government  of  the  U.  States  to  divert  the  fur 
trade  of  the  north-west  regions  and  the  Upper 
Missouri,  which  has  been  heretofore  engrossed  by 
British  traders,  and  carried  on  through  the  lakes 
and  Montreal,  into  its  natural  channels,  the  Mis- 
."isippi  and  Missouri,  and  whenever  it  is  accom- 
plished, St.  Louis  will  be  the  centre  of  this  profit- 
able commerce.  Intercourse  by  steam-boats  is 
how  constantly  maintained  with  the  towns  on  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi,  particularly  with  New  Or- 
leans. 

St.  Louis  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  museum, 
theatre,  land-office,  2  banks,  3  houses  of  public 
worship,  1  brewery,  2  distilleries,  and  several 
mills  and  manufacturing  establishments.  The 
town  is  now  in  a  state  of  very  rapid  improvement. 
Pop.  in  1816,  2,000  ;  in  1820,  4,598.  Lat.  38°  36' 
N.  Lon.  89°  38'  W. 

St.  Louis,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  flows  into 
the  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior.  It  is  150  yards  wide 
ot  its  mouth. 

St.  Louis  bay.     See  Shieldsborough. 

St.  Louis  de  Maranham.     See  Maranham. 

St.  Louis,  {Lake  of,)  a  lake  of  Canada,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ottawa  and  the  St.  Lawrence. 

St.  Loup,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  9  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Partenay.     Pop.  1,650. 

St.  Loup,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Saone,  6  m.  N. 
W.  Luxeuil.     Pop.  1,900. 

St.  Lucar  de  Barrameda,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Seville, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadalquivir,  with  a  good 
harbour,  but  difficult  of  access.  In  the  road  a 
whole  fleet  may  lie  with  safety.  It  is  the  key  of 
Seville.  The  chief  trade  is  in  salt  13  ra.  N.  Ca- 
diz, 34  S.  S.  VV.  Seville.  Lon.  6"  27'  W.  Lat.  36° 
45'  N.     Pop.  16,000. 

St.  Lucar  de  Guadiana,  fortified  t.  Spain,  in  Se- 
ville, on  the  Guadiana,  64  m.  W.  Seville.  Lon. 
T  25'  W.  Lat.  37°  30'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

<S/.  Lucar  la  Mayor,  t.  Spain,  10  m.  W.  Seville. 

St.  Lucas,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  the  peninsula  of 
California.     Lat.  24°  53'  N. 

St.  Lu^e,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Indian 
sea,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  47° 
40' E.  Lat.  24°  30' S. 

iS^.  Lucia,  t.  Sicily,  7  m.  N.  Messina. 

St.  Lucia,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  islands.  Lou. 
24°  30'  W.  Lat.  16°  46'  N. 

St.  Lucia,  t.*Buenos  Ayres,  140  m.  N.  Santa  Pe. 

St.  Lucia,  t.  Brasil,  in  Goyas,  on  the  Tocantins, 
290  m.  N.  N.  E.  Villaboa.     Lat.  12°  20'  S. 

St.  Lucia,  t.  Buenoe  Ayres,  on  the  Parana,  1 10 
m.  S.  Corrientes. 

«S/.  Lucia,  t.  Pern,  50  m.  S.  E.  Arequipa. 

St.  Lucia,  t.  Quito,  35  m.  N.  N.  W.  Guaya- 
quil. 

St.  Luciensteig,  a  narrow  pass  from  the  country 
of  the  Grisons  in  Germany,  3  m.  N.  Meyenfeld. 

St.  Lucio,  t.  Tuscany,  14  m.  E.  S.  E.  Leghorn. 

St.  Luis,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  130  m.  S.  W.  Cordo- 
va.    Lon.  67°  12'  W.  Lat.  32°  10'  S. 

St.  Luis  de  Maranon.     See  St.  Felipe. 

St.  Luis  de  Potest,  city,  Mexico,  in  the  midst  of 
rich  gold  mines.  190  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mexico.  Loo* 
103°  6' W.  Lat.  22°  25' N. 


S  A  I 

St.  Luis  dt  Zacatecas,  t.  Mexice,  cap.  of  Zaca 
tecas,  and  see  of  a  bishop,  240)  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mex- 
ico.    Lon.  103"  46'  W.  Lat.  22°  50'  N. 

St.  Lys,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  12  m.  g. 
E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  1,200. 

St.  Macaire,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the  Ga- 
ronne, 24  m.S.  E.  Bourdeaux.     Pop.  1,800. 

St.  Marcarius,{Desert  of,)  in  Egypt,  50  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Cairo. 

St.  Maixent,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  22  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Poitiers.  Lon.  0°  7'  W.  Lat.  46°  25'  N. 
It  has  manufiictures  of  cotton  caps  and  stockings. 
Pop.  5,000. 

St.  Maxima,  isl.  of  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  sea, 
Lon.  133°  34' E.  Lat.  71°  20'  N. 

5/.  Malo,  s-p.  France,  in  Ule-and-Vilaine,  ou 
the  island  of  Arron,  joined  to  the  continent  by  a 
mole,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a  strong  fort.  The 
harbour  is  large,  and  well  frequented.  45  m.  N. 
Rennes,  225  W.  Paris.  Lon.  1°  56'  W.  Lat  48^ 
38'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

St.  Mamef,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Nismes. 

St.  Mande,  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near  the 
coast  of  France.     Lon.  2"  59'  W.  Lat.  48°  51'  N. 

St.  Marcel,  t  France,  in  Indre,  13  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Chateauroux 

St.  Marcel,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  24  m.  S.  Pri'- 
vas,  4  N.  St.  Esprit. 

67.  Marcel,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  3  nj. 
S.  E.  Clialons. 

iS^  Marcel,  t.  France,  5  m.  E.  Marseilles. 

St.  Marcellin,  t  Fi-ance,  in  Loire,  9  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Montbrison,  10  W.  N.  W.  St.  Etienne.  Pop. 
1,500. 

St.  Marcellin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Romans,  30  S.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  5°  27'  E.  Lat  45° 
9' IV.     Pop.  3,100. 

St.  Marco,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia 
Lat.  39°  52'  N.       « 

St.  Marco,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon. 
13°  5'  E. 

St.  Marco,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  5  m.  N.  Lecce. 

St.  Marco,  t.  Naples,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bene- 
vento. 

iS^  Marco,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  8  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Bisignano.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
Pop.  7,200. 

St.  Marco,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Demona,  15 
m.  W.Patti.     Pop.  3,000. 

St.  Marco,  small  island  near  the  coast  of  Istria. 
Lon.  13°  53'  E.  Lat.  44°  4'  N. 

St.  Marcouf,  two  islands  in  the  English  channel, 
aboHt  7  m.  S.  E.  La  Hogue.  Lon.  1°  4'  W.  Lat. 
49°31'N. 

St.  Marga,  isl.  of  Hungary,  in  the  Danube,  10 
m.  S.  Buda. 

St.  Margaret,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  the 
Saguenny,  in  lon.  69°  36'  W.  Lat.  48°  20'  N. 

67.  Margaret'' s  Bay,  bay  in  the  English  chanr 
nel,  on  the  coast  of  Kent,  5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Dover. 

67.  Marguerite  Island,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  7°  7'  E.  Lat.  43^ 
31'  N. 

St.  Marguerite,  seigniory,  St  Maurice  co.  Low- 
er Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  contains  the 
town  of  Three- Rivers. 

St.  Maria,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of  Portugal,  is  aa 
island  in  lon.  7°  47'  W.  lat  36°  55'  N. 

67.  Maria,  t.  Naples,  37  m.  W.  Naples. 

6/.  Maria,  s-p.  Sardinian  states,  in  the  gulf  of 
Spezza.    Lon,&"42'E.Lat44"6^JS, 


S  A  I 

St.  Maria,  small  isl.-  near  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lat.37M0'S. 

,S/.  Maria,  t.  Mexico,  32  m.  S.  St.  Liiis  de  Po- 
tosi. 

St.  Maria,  Cape,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  isl- 
and of  Flispaniola. 

St.  Maria  la  Gorta,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  149"W.  Lat.27°30'N. 

St.  Maria  di  Leiicn,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  on  the 
sea  coast,  18  m.  S.  Otranto. 

St.  Maria  de  Iguazu,i.  Paraguay,  200  ra.  E.  As- 
sumption. 

67.  Maria  deDarien,  t.  S.  America,  cap.ofDa- 
rien,  on  a  river  which  runs  into  the  bay  of  Pa- 
nama.    Lou.  78"  W.  Lat.  8°  4'  N. 

St.  Maria  del  Gracia,  t.  Tuscany,  31  m.  E.  Flo- 
rence. 

5/.  Marie,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  2  m. 
W.  Oleron. 

St.  Marie,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  St  Lawrence,  21  m.  N.  E.  Three- 
Rivers. 

St.  Marie,  seigniory,  Buckingham  and  Dorches- 
ter cos.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  Chaudiere,  25  m.  S. 
Quebec. 

St.  Marie  de  la  Mer,  t.  France,  in  Eastern  Py- 
renees, near  the  coast,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Perpig- 
nan. 

St.  Marie  aux  Mines,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine, 
9  m.  E.  St.  Diey.  Here  are  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton and  linen.     Pop.  4,000. 

St.  Maries,  {La,)  t.  France,  in  the  Mouths-of- 
the-Rhone,  16  m.  S.  Aries.  Lon.  5°  31'  E.  Lat. 
43°  27'  N. 

<SY.  Maries,  r,  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Wabash,  18  m.  above  Vincennes. 
67.  Marinha,  t,  Portugal,  20  m.  S.  E.  Oporto. 
St.  Marino,  a  small  but  independent  republic  in 
the  N.  E.  of  Italy,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  the 
Papal  dominions.  It  consists  only  of  a  mountain 
2,000  feet  in  height,  with  a  small  tract  lying  along 
its  base  ;  the  extent  of  the  whole  not  exceeding  40 
square  miles.     Pop.  7,000. 

67.  Marino,  the  capital  of  the  above  republic, 
stands  on  the  side  of  the  mountain,and  has  5  church- 
es, 3  convents,  and  3  small  castles.  12  m.  S.  W. 
Rimini.  Lon.  12°  24'  E.  Lat.  42°  56'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

St.  Mark,  i.  Hispaniola,  in  a  bay  on  the  W, 
coast,  41  m.  N.  W.  Port  au  Prince,  53  S.  W.  Cape 
Francois.     Lon.  72°  42'  W.  Lat.  19°  18'  N. 

St.  MarWs  r.  which  rises  in  Georgia,  and  pass- 
itig  into  Florida,  meets  the  sea  in  Appalachy  bay. 
67.  Mars,  i.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  9  m. 
W.  Tours. 

67.  Martha,  s-p.  cap.  of  a  province  of  the  same 
name,  in  New  Grenada,  with  a  fine  harbour,  100 
m.  N,  E.  Carthagena.  Lon.  74°  8'  W.  Lat.  11° 
30' N. 

St.  Marlha,  province,  New  Grenada,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Spanish  Main,  E.  by  Rio  de  la 
Hacha,  S.  by  Santa  Fe,  and  W.  by  Carthagena. 
St,  Martin,  t.  France,  1  m.  E.  Boulogne. 
67.  Martin,  t.  Mexico,  9£i  m.  N.  W.  Zacatecas. 
67.  Martin,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  44  m.  W.  Ovi- 
edo. 

67.  Martin,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  tlie  Due- 
ro,  42  m.  S.  S.  W.  Burgos. 

St.  Martiji,  one  of  the  Scilly  islands.  Lon.  6° 
14'  W.  Lat.  50°  N. 

67.  Martin,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  about  3  leagues 
long  and  4  broad,  chiefly  valuable  for  its  salt  pits. 
Lon.  62°  5V  W.  L;.t.  18° 3' N. 


S  A  I 


655 


St.  Martin,  t.  Cuba,  130  m.  S,  W.  Havannah. 
St.  Martyn,  isl.  in  the  Pacifi;c  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Peru.     Lat.  1 1°  S. 

St.  Martin  dKiuxigny,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  6  m. 
N.  Bourges. 

St.  Martin  d'Auxy,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  12  m.  S.  W.  Chalons  sur  Saone. 

St.  Martin  Le  Beaux,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and- 
Loire,  9  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tours. 

St.  Martin  de  Belleville,  t.  .Savoy,  5  ra.  S.  Mons- 
tier,  32  S.  E.  Chambery. 

67.  Martin  en  Bresse,  t.  France,  in  Saonc-and- 
Loire,  7  m.  E.  N.  E.  Chalons  sur  Saone,  4  S.  Ver- 
dun sur  Saone.     Pop.  1,400. 

67.  Martin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  21  m.  S.  Gre- 
noble. 

St.  Martin  d' Eurias:e,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  5  m. 
S.  E.  Grenoble.     Popr  1,800. 

67.  Martin  de  Ri,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Cha- 
rente,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Re,  strongly 
fortified.  9  m.  W.  N.  W.  La  Rochelle.  Lon.  1' 
38'  W.  Lat.  46°  12'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

St.  Martin  de  Toumon,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  7  m.. 
N.  W.  Le  Blanc  en  Berry,  16  S.  S.  W.  Chatilloa 
sur  Indre.     Pop.  1,300. 

67.  Martin  de  Vallamas,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche, 
21  m.  S,  W.  Tournon,  16  N.  W.  Privas.  Pop. 
2,100. 

67.  Martinho,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Lamego. 

St.  Martina,  t.  Piedmont,  17  m.  S.  E.  Acosta, 
Pop.  2,000. 

67.  Martina,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  5  m. 
N.  W.  Oppido. 

St.  Martins,  t.  St.  Johns  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

67.  Martins,  p-t.  Worcester  uo.  Md. 
67.  Martinsville,  p-t,  Attacapas  district,  Louis- 
iana, on  the  Teche,  9  m.  by  land  above  New  Ibe- 
ria. Its  public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and 
jail,  market-house,  an  academy,  and  a  Catholic 
church. 

6/.  Man/,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  .sea,  near  the  N, 
W.  coast  "of  Borneo.  Lon.  114°  30'  E.  Lat.  6° 
30' N. 

St.  Mary,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  E.  coast 
of  Madagascar.     Lon.  50"  30'  E.  Lat.  16°  40'  S. 

67.  Mary,  or  Bates  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast 
of  Eng  6  m.  N.  N.  W.  Tyncmouth.  Lon.  1°  11 
W.  Lat.  55°  6'  N. 

67.  Mary,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
bash, 18  ni. above  Vincennes. 

67.  Mary,  one  of  the  Azore  islands.  Lon.  25°  6' 
W.Lat.  37°N. 

67.  Mary''s,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Calvert  co. 
E.  by  Chesa))eake  bay,  S.  by  the  Potomac,  and 
W.  by  Charles  co.  Pop.  12,794,  including  6,000 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Leonardstown. 

St.  Mary''s,  r.  which  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Georgia  and  Florida.  Its  principal  or 
northern  branch  rises  on  the  borders  of  Okefono 
CO  swamp.  During  the  last  70  miles  the  course  of 
the  river  is  S.  E.  and  it  falls  into  the  Atlantic  be- 
tween Cumberland  and  Amelia  islands.  It  has 
21  feet  water  on  the  bar  at  high  wfitei',  and  is  nav- 
igable for  vessels  drawing  14  feet  for  more  than 
70  miles. 

67.  Mary^s,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Camden  co. 
Geo.  on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Mary's  river,  9  mile? 
above  its  month.  The  harbor  is  safe,  and  vessels 
drawing  21  feet  water  lie  at  the  wharves  of  the 
town.     St,  Mary's,  i-;  rogardod  by  military  men  a| 


656 


S  A  I 


the  key  of  Florida.  It  is  36  miles  N.  of  the  mouth 
of  St.  John's  river,  and  is  the  nearest  market  for 
the  produce  of  the  country  on  its  banks.  It  is 
connected  with  Darien  by  an  easy  inland  naviga- 
tion of  70  miles.  Amount  of  shipping  in  1816, 
498  tons.  80  m.  by  land  S.  Darien,  150  S.  Savan- 
nah.    Lon.  8r40'W.    Lat.30°  43' iN.     Pop.  800. 

67.  Mary^s,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio  in  the  same 
tract  of  country  where  the  Miami  of  the  Ohio 
and  the  branches  of  the  Wabash  take  tlieir  rise, 
and  after  a  northerly  course  of  about  70  miles, 
joins  the  St.  Joseph's,  fat  Fort  Wayne  in  Indiana, 
to  form  Maumee  river.  It  is  navigable  with  boats, 
at  the  times  of  high  water,  in  its  whole  extent,  170 
miles.  There  is  a  short  portage  from  its  head  to 
Loramie's  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Miami. 

St.  Mary''s,  r.  or  straits,  about  80  or  90  miles 
long,  which  connect  lake  Superior  with  lake  Hu- 
ron. The  fall  or  Sault  de  St.  Marie  is  near  the 
head  of  the  strait,  in  N.  lat.  46"  31',  15  m.  from  lake 
Superior,  and  90  N.  W.  of  the  island  of  Mackinac. 
The  river  here  descends  22  feet  10  inches  in  900 
yards,  and  cannot  be  ascended  at  any  season  with 
large  vessels,  but  canoes  and  barges  are  towed  up 
along  the  bank  without  much  difficulty  or  danger. 
On  the  Canada  side,  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  is  an 
establishment  of  the  North-west  company.  On  the 
American  shore  there  is  a  village  containing  15 
or  20  buildings,  and  occupied  by  5  or  6  French 
and  English  families,  and  there  was  formerly  a 
French  fort  within  half  a  mile  of  the  rapids.  The 
Indians  are  drawn  hither  in  great  numbers  by  the 
•Ad\'antages  for  taking  the  white-fish,  which  are  so 
abundant  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  that  a  skilful 
fisherman  will  take  500  in  two  hours. — As  a  mili- 
tary and  trading-post,  the  position  of  the  Sault  de 
St.  Marie  is  of  the  first  importance,  being  at  the 
head  of  ship  navigation  on  the  great  lakes,  and 
the  grand  thoroughfare  of  Indian  communication 
for  the  upper  countries,  as  far  as  the  Arctic  circle, 
all  the  fur  trade  of  the  north-west  being  compel- 
led to  pass  through  it.  The  government  of  the 
U.  States  have  resolved  to  occupy  this  post,  and  in 
June  1820,  obtained  from  the  Chippeway  Indians, 
the  cession  of  a  tract  of  land  4  miles  square,  com- 
mencing at  the  Sault,  and  extending  2  miles  up 
and  the  same  distance  down  the  river,  with  a 
depth  of  4  miles,  including  the  portage,  and  the 
site  of  the  village  and  old  fort,  but  reserving  to 
the  Indians  the  right  of  fishing  at  the  falls.  The 
lands  on  the  banks  of  the  river  St.  Mary  are  very 
fertile. 

St.  Mm-v's  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  I^ew- 
foundland!^    Lon.  54"  20'  W.  Lat.  ST  ^. 

St.  Mary^s  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands,  in 
the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.    Lon.  60°  W.  Lat.  50"  20'  N. 

St.  Mary''s  Keys,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Lon.  53°  55'  W.  Lat.  46M7'  N. 

St.  Mary^s  Key,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  ^89"  12'  W.  Lat.  30° 
11' N. 

St,  Mary''s  River,  r.  Nova  Scotia,  which  runs 
into  the  sea,  in  lon.  61°  W.  lat.  45°  5'  N. 

St.  Marsano,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  12  ra.  S.  Ta- 
rento. 

St.  Matkeo,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  13  m.  N.  W. 
Peniscola.     Pop.  2,000, 

5/.  Matica,  t.  Russia,  on  the  gulf  of  Finland,  20 
m.  N.  E.  Revel. 

St.  Mattheia,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
177°  10'  E.  Lat.  60°  20'  N. 


S  A  f 

St.  Matthew,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  occopied  by 
the  Portuguese.     Lon.  13"  W.  Lat.  1°  45'  S. 

St.  Matiheu;  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Siam.     Lon.  97°  52'  E.  Lat.  9°  35'  N. 

67.  Matthias,  isl.  in  the  E,  Indian  sea,  90  miles 
in  circumference.     Lon.  144"  30'  E.  Lat.  1°  50'  S. 

St.  Maur,  t.  France,  6  ni.  S.  E.  Paris'. 

St.  Maura,  (an.  LetKudia,)  isl.  in  the  Ionian  sea, 
on  the  west  coast  of  Greece,  a  few  miles  N.  of 
Cephalonia,  about  50  miles  in  circumference.  It 
produces  great  plenty  of  game,  wine,  oil,  citrons, 
pomegranates,  almonds,  and  other  fruits,  and  sea 
salt  is  made  here  in  abundance.  It  is  one  of  the 
seven  islands  constituting  the  Ionian  republic. 
The  inhabitants  are  Greeks,  subject  to  a  bishop. 
Lon.  20°  39'  E.  Lat.  39"  4'  N.  Pop.  20,000.  St. 
Maura,  the  capital,  is  a  fortified  town,  with  a  good 
harbor.     Pop.  6,000. 

St.  Maurt,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  3  m.  N.  Troyes 

67.  Maure,  t.  France,  in  Indre-and-Loire,  18  m. 
S.  Tours. 

67.  Maurice,  or  St.  Morizen,  t.  Switzerland,  irv^ 
the  Valais,  35  m.  E.  Geneva.  Lon.  6°  52'  E.  Lat. 
46°  15'  N. 

6/.  Maurice,  r.  Lower  Canada,  which  flows  into 
the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  by  three  channels, 
which  give  name  to  the  town  of  Three-Rivers,  on 
its  west  bank. 

St.  Maurice,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between  Warwick  and 
Hampshire  counties.     Chief  town,  Three-Rivers. 

67.  Maurice,  seigniory,  St.  Maurice  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  6  m.  N.  W, 
Three- Rivers. 

St.  Maurice,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  24  m.  S.  Gre- 
noble. 

St.  Mauriu,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and-Garonne,  14 
m.E.  Agen.     Pop.  1,800. 

St.  Mauro,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  22  m.  S.  E. 
Acerenza.     Pop.  2,800. 

67.  Mauro,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  3  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Rossano. 

67.  Mawes,  borough  t.  England,  in  Cornwall, 
on  a  neck  of  land  opposite  Falmouth. 

St.  Maximin,  t.  France,  in  Var,  20  m.  N.  Tou- 
lon.    Lon.  5°  55'  E.    Lat.  43°  28'  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

67.  Maximin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Grenoble. 

6/.  Meen,  t.  France,  in  lUe-and-Vilaine,  9  ra. 
W.  Montfort.     Pop.  1,400. 

St.Menas,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  6 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  26°  30'  E.  Lat.  37° 
33' N. 

6/.  Menehould,  t.  France,  in  Manie,  with  manu- 
factures of  dace,  serge,  and  linen;  45  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Rheims.     Pop.  3,400. 

67.  Menoux,  t.  France,  in  AUier,  7  m.  W.  Mou- 
lins. 

67.  Mexias,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, lat.  1°  10'  S. 

67.  Michael,  v.  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige,  7  m.  N. 
Trent. 

St.  Michael,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Tartaro,  20  m.  E. 
Mantua. 

St.  Micliael,  isl.  in  the  English  channel.  Lon. 
4"  32'  W.  Lat.  50°  18'  N. 

St.  Michael,  borough  t.  England,  in  Cornwall,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Truro,  249  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  4'^ 
52'  W.  Lat.  52"  22'  N.    Pop.  178. 

St.  Michael,  t.  Italy,  12  m.  S.  W.  Mantua. 

St.  Michael,  or  San  Miguel,  island  in  the  .Atlan- 
tic, and  the  IjH-gest  erf  the  Azores,  about  60  miles 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


G57 


ra  circumference.  The  island  was  formerly  vis- 
ited with  earthquakes,  and  the  eruptions  of  volca- 
noes. Boilin*  springs  are  found  in  some  parts  of 
the  island.  The  ^own  of  Punta  del  Gada,  where 
the  trade  of  the  island  is  concentrated,  is  in  Ion. 
25"  42'  W.  Lat.  37"  47  N.     Pop.  about  90,000. 

St.  Michael,  eeigfniory,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  14  m.  E. 
-Quebec.     Pop.  1,700. 

St.  Michaels,  p-t.  Talbot  co.  Md. 

St.  Michaels,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Missouri,  30 
m.  S.  W.  St.  Genevieve. 

St.  Mkkaels  Hay,  bay  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

St.MieliaeVs  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Lab- 
rador.   I.on.  55°  40'  W.  Lat.  52"  55'  N. 

St.  MichaeVs  Mount,  a  hill  in  the  English  chan- 
nel, near  the  coast  of  Cornwall,  surrounded  by 
the  sea  at  spring  tides.  4  m.  E.  Penzance.  Lon. 
a"  20'  \V.  Lat.  50"  8'  N. 

St.  Michael,  Gulf  of,  bay  on  the  coast  of  South 
America,  on  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  gulf  of  Panama. 

St.  Michel,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near  the 
city  of  Venice. 

57.  Michel,  t.  Italy,  14  m.  N.  \V.  Verona. 

St.  Miguel,  t.  Guatimala,  50  m.  E.  Cu/.catlan. 

St.  MigneL,  t.  New  Grenada,  85  m.  E.  Santa  Fe 
'ie  Bogota. 

St.  Miguel,  t.  Paraguay,  360  m.  E.  Assumption. 

<S/.  Miguel,  t.  Nicaragua,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Amapalla  bay,  10  m.  S.  E.  Leon.  Lon.  88"  56' 
tV.  Lat.  13"35'N. 

St.  Miguel,  t.  Quito,  50  m.  S.  W.  Quito. 

St.  Miguel,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
fentic,  in  lat.  10"  8'  S. 

St.  Miguel,  i.  Brazil,  15  m.  E.  St.  Paul. 

Si.  Miguel,  t  New  Mexico,  60  m.  S.  Santa  Fe. 

St.  Miguel  de  Ribera,  t.  Peru,  62  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Arequipa. 

St.  Miguel  de  Tucuman,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  in 
Tucuman.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  several  silver  mines.  760  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Buenos  Ayres.  Lon.  66"  30'  W.  Lat.  27" 
25' S. 

St.  Mihiel,  t,  France,  in  Meuse,  on  the  Meuse, 
20  m.  S.  Verdun.  Lon.  5"  37'  E.  Lat.  48°  54'  N. 

St.  Miniato,  t.  Tuscany,  on  the  Arno,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  20  m.  W.  Florence,  24  N.  E.  Leghorn. 
Lon-  10"  49'  E.  Lat.  43"  44'  N. 

St.  Mirana,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  190° 
34' E.  Lat.  62"  35' N. 

St.  Monance,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fife  co.  9  m.  S.  St. 
Andrews,  with  a  harbour  on  the  frith  of  Forth. 

St.  Moritz,  or  St.  Morizso,  t  Switz.  in  Grisons, 
sontaining  a  famous  mineral  spring,  25  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Chiavcnna. 

SU  JVasaire,  t  France,  in  Var,  3  m.  W,  Tou- 
!,on. 

St.  Neot''s,  t.  Eng.  in  Huntingdon  co.  on  the 
Ouse,  9  m.  S.  S.  W.  Huntingdon,  55  N.  London. 
Lon.  0"  16'  V^.  Lat.  52°  11'  N.    Pop.  1,988. 

St.  Mot's,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  7  m.  E.  Bodmin, 
1J28  W.  London.     Pop.  1,041. 

Si.  Mcandro,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  6  m.  E. 
Lesina.  Pop.  7,000. 

St.  J^ficholas,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  islands. 
3Lon.  24°  15'  W.  Lat.  16°  28'  N.  Pop.  about 
6,000. 

St.  Nicholas,  Cape,  the  N.  W.extremity  of  His- 
jjaniola.  Lon.  73"  27' W.  Lat.  19"51'N. 

St.  Nicholas,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
;-^tic,  in  lat.  13°  50'  S, 


83 


St.  Nicholas,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At*^ 
lantic,  in  lat.  4"  40'  N. 

St.  Nicola,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  3  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Grein. 

St.  Nicolas,  t.  Paraguay,  230  m.  S.  E.  Assump- 
tion. 

St.  Nicolas,  t.  Mexico,  130  m.  N.  W.  Durango. 

St.  Nicolas,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  12  m« 
S.  W.  Antwerp,  15  E.  Ghent.     Pop.  11,500. 
,    St.  Nicolas,  t.  Switz.  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Berne. 

St.  Nicolas,  t.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Hispaniola-, 
in  a  bay  formed  by  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  which  af- 
fords an  excellent  harbor.  Lon.  72°  25'  W.  Lat. 
19°50'N. 

St.  Nicolas  de  la  Grave,  t.  France,  in  Tarn-and- 
Garonne,  15  m.  W.  Montauban.     Pop.  2,300. 

67.  Nicolas  de  Redon,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire. 
1  m.  S.  Piedon,  15  N.  W.  Blain. 

St.  Nicolo,  s-p.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  the  islanil 
of  Santonin.  Lat.  36°  32'  N. 

St.  Nicolo,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
near  the  coast  of  Natolia.  Lon.  27°  18'  E.  Lat.  37'^ 
.20'  N. 

St.  Ninian,  t.  Scotland,  in  Stirlingshire,  2  m.  S<. 
Sterling. 

St.  alalia,  t.  Spain,  18  m.  N.  W.  Toledo. 

St.  Oluf,  t.  Sweden,  23  m.  S.  Christianstadt. 

6/.  Oiner,  city,  France,  in  Straits  of  Calais,  on 
the  Aa,  and  strongly  fortified.  Here  is  a  college 
for  the  catholic  clergy  of  England  and  Ireland, 
with  a  library  of  20,000  volumes.  24  m,  S.  E. 
Calais,  160  N,  Paris.  Lon.  2"  15'  E.  Lat.  50"  45' 
N.     Pop.  20,000. 

67.  Oswald,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  4  n». 
N.  Hexham. 

67.  Ouen,  t.  France,  4  m.  N.  Paris. 

St.  Ours,  seigniory,  Richelieu  co.  Lower.Can- 
ada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  N. 
E.  Montreal. 

St.  Pablo,  r.  Florida,  which  runs  into  the 
St.  John.  Lon.  81"  50'  W.  Lat.  30°  34'  N. 

St.  Palais,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the  isl- 
and of  Belleisle,  with  a  harbour  and  castle.  Pop. 
2,500. 

St.  Palais,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  on 
the  Bidouze,  30  m.  W.  Pau,  21  S.  E.  Bayonne. 
Lon.  0°  50'  W.  Lat.  43"  19'  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

67.  Paolo,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Naples,  in  the 
gulf  of  Tarento.  Lon.  17"  6'  E.  Lat.  40"  42'  N. 

St.  Panfaleo,  t.  Sardinia,  16  m.  N.  Cagliari. 

St.  Papoul,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  15  m.  VV.  N. 
W.  Carcassonne.    Lon.  2°  7'  E.  Lat  43"  20'  N. 

67.  Pardoux,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  5  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Partenay. 

6/.  Pateme,  t.  France,  in  Morbihan,  6  m.  S.  W, 
Vannes. 

67.  Patrick,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New-Brunswick, 
on  Passamaq  noddy  bay. 

67.  Patrick's,  small  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea,  near 
the  E.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon.  6°  5'  W.  Lat.  53° 
36'  N. 

St.  Patrick's  Bridge,  a  chain  of  rocks  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Ireland,  extending  from  the  coast  of 
Wexford  to  the  Saltee  Islands.  Lon.  6°  37'  W. 
Lat.  52"  10'  N. 

St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,  small  isl.  Ireland,  in 
Lough  Derg. 

67.  Pau,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Gerona. 

6/.  Paul,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  9  m.  S- 
E.  Limoges.     Pop.  1,500. 

6/.  Paul,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  9  m.  N.  W.  La 
Caune. 


658 


S  A  I 


Sl.  Paul,  a  government  of  Brazil,  to  tlie  west  of 
Rio  Janeiro. 

S(.  Paul,  t.  New  Mexico,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
two  main  branches  of  the  Bravo. 

St.  Paid,  t.  Brazil,  cap.  of  the  government  of 
the  same  name.  The  neighbourhood  formerly 
abounded  with  gold  mines,  which  are  now  ex- 
hausted. Pop.  20,000.  190  m.  W.  Rio  Janeiro. 
Lon.  46"  56'  W.   Lat.  23"  30'  S. 

St.  Paul,  t.  of  the  island  of  Malta,  6  m.  N.  W, 
Malta. 

St.  Paul,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  61°  2'  E. 
Lat.  37"  51'  S. 

St.  Paul,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  9  m. 
N.  E.  the  N.  cape  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton. 
Lon.  60"  2'  W.  Lat.  47°  13'  N. 

St.  Paul,  r.  Guinea,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, 5  m.  N.  Cape  Mesurada. 

St.  Paul  de  FenouiUiac,  t.  France,  in  East  Py- 
renees, 18  m.  W.  N.  W.  Perpignan.     Fop.  1,300. 

St.  Paul  en  Jarest,  t.  France,  in  Rhone  and 
I^oire,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lyons. 

St.  Paul  de  Jarrat,  t.  France,  in  Arriege,  4  m. 
N.N.E.Tarascon. 

St.  Pajtl  Trois  Chateaux,  t.  France,  in  Drome, 
12  m.  S.  Montelimart,  13  N.  Orange.  Pop. 
2,100. 

St.  Paul's,  parish,  Charleston  district,  S.  C.  18 
m.  W.  Charleston. 

St.  PauTs  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  New- 
foundland. Lon.  57°  55'  VV.  Lat.  49°  50'  N. 

St.  Paulien,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Loire,  6  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Le  Puy. 

St.  Pazanne,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Nantes. 

St.  Pecaqus,  t.  Mexico,  45  m.  N.  Compostella. 
Lon.  101°  30'  W.    Lat.  22"  N. 

St.  Pedro,  r.  Africa,  on  the  Ivory  coast,  which 
tuns  into  the  Atlantic.  Lon.  6"  50'  VV.  Lat.  4" 
50'  N. 

St.  Pedro,  t.  Venezuela,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Lake 
Maracaybo.     100  m.  S.  Maracaybo. 

St.  Pedro,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Terra  Firma.  Lat.  4"  2' N. 

St.  Pedro,  one  of  the  Marquis  of  Mendoza's  isl- 
ands, Lon.  138"  55'  K.  Lat.  9°  55'  S. 

St.  Pedro,  t.  Florida,  44  m.  E.  S.  E.  St.  Mark. 

St.  Pedro,  and  St.  Pablo,  v.  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lon.  97"  56'  W.  lat.  20" 
52' N. 

Si.  Pellegrino,  seaport,  Corsica,  21  m.  S.  E. 
Bastia.  Lon.  9°  33' E.  Lat.  42*^  23' N. 

St.  Peray,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  on  the  Rhone, 
opposite  Valence. 

Sl.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  seaport  on  the  S.  E. 
coast  of  Kamtchatka.  Lon.  158°43'E.  Lat.  54°  N. 

St.  Peter  le  Port,  or  Port  St.  Pierre,  t.  Eng.  on 
the  S.  E.  part  of  the  island  of  Guernsey,  defended 
by  two  castles.  Lon.  2"  34'  W.  Lat.  49°  10'  N. 

St.  Peter's  Harbour,  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  island  of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Lon.  62°  20'  W,  Lat.  46"  25'  N. 

St.  Peter's  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Dom- 
inica. Lon.  61°  30^  W.  Lat.  15"  36'  N. 

St.  Peter's  Haven,  a  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Labrador.  Lat.  56"  31'  N. 

Sl.  Peter's,  lake.  Lower  Canada,  an  exjiansion 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  20  miles  long,  and  10 
wide,  which  commences  a  few  miles  below  the 
town  of  Porel. 

St.  Peter's,  r.  a  western  branch  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, which  join?  it  about  9  miles  below  the  falb 


S  A  I 

of  St.  x\nthony,  ifl  lat.  44°  N.  after  a  S.  E.  course 
of  several  hundred  miles.  It  flows  through  the 
centre  of  the  territories  of  the  Sioux  Indians,  the 
most  jjowerful  Indian  tribe  in  N.  America,  and  is 
navigable  for  more  than  200  miles.  The  lands  on 
its  banks  are  very  fertile.  On  a  high  blufl",  at 
the  junction  of  this  river  with  the  Mississippi,  a 
fort  has  been  recently  erected  by  the  U.  States, 
See  St.  .Anthony's  Falls. 

St.  Peters,  parish,  Beaufort  district,  S.  C.  on 
Savannah  river. 

St.  Philip,  V.  Monroe  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 45  m.  below  Cahokia. 

St.  Philip's  Islajid,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean 
Lon.  13°  25'  E.  Lat.  12"  22'  S. 

St  Pierre,  t.  France,  in  the  straits  of  Calais,  20 
m.  N.  E.  Boulogne.     Pop.  2,700. 

St.  Pierre,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea.  Lon.  55°  15' E. 
Lat.  9°  8'  S. 

St.  Pierre,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Borneo.  Lon.  1(.>9"  9'  E.  Lat.  1°  54'  N. 

67.  Pierre.     See  St.  Peters. 

St.  Pierre,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Newfound- 
land. Lon.  56°  37'  VV.  Lat.  46°  30'  N. 

St.  Pierre,  s-p.  and  centre  of  commerce  of  the 
island  of  Martinico,  in  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
Lon.  61"  10'  W.  Lat.  14°  43'  N. 

St.  Pierre  I'Es^lise,  t.  France,  in  Channel,  5  m. 
VV.  Barfleur,  8  E.  Cherburg.     Pop.  2,000. 

St.  Pierre  le  Moutier,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  12 
m.  S.  Nevers.  Lou.  4°  E.  Lat.  46"  47'  N.  Pop, 
2,000, 

67.  Pierreville,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  7  m.  N. 
VV.  Privas.     Pop.  1,500. 

67.  Pictro,  (an.  Hicracum,)  isl.  7  m.  from  the  S. 
coast  of  Sardinia,  13  miles  long,  and  3  broad.  Lon. 
8"  24'  E.  Lat.  39°  15'  N, 

67.  Pielro,  isl,  near  the  coast  of  Naples,  in  the 
gulf  of  Tarento.  Lon.  17"  5'  E.  Lat.  40"  43'  N. 

67.  Pictro  Galatina,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  6  m. 
E.  Nardo,  22  W.  Otranto, 

67  Pol,  t.  France,  in  Straits  of  Calais,  22  m.  N. 
VV.  Arras.  Lon.  2"  25'  E.  Lat.  50" 22'  N.  Pop. 
3,000. 

67.  Polde  Leon,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  34  m. 
N.  E.  Brest.  Lon.  3°  54'  VV.  Lat.  48°  40'  N.  Pop. 
5,400. 

67.  Pollen,  or  St.  Hypolyte,  t.  Austria,  on  the 
Trasen,  26  m.  VV.  Vienna.  Lon.  15°  36'  E.  Lat 
48°  12'  N. 

67.  Pons  de  Thomiercs,  t.  France,  in  Herault, 
48  m.  W.  Montpellier.  Lon.  2"  51'  E.  Lat.  43°  29 
N.     Pop.  4,700. 

St.  Pourcain,  t.  France,  in  AUier,  16  m.  S. 
Moulins.     Pop.  3,000. 

67.  Prasseda,  t.  Italy,  12  m.  N.  E.  Rome. 

67.  Prez,  or  6/.  Prex,  t.  Switz.  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  lake  of  Geneva,  8  m.  S.  W.  Lausanne. 

Sl.  Priest,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  E.  Lyons. 

67.  Prix,  t.  France,  10  m.  N.  Paris. 

67.  Quenfin,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Somme. 
with  manufactures  of  thread,  linen,  cambric, 
lawn,  gauze,  and  cottons.  22  m.  S.  Cambray,  45 
S.  Amiens.  Lon.  3"  43'  E.  Lat  49"  51'  N.  Pop. 
11,000. 

67.  Quentin,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Grenoble,     Pop.  1,300. 

67.  Rafael,  t.  Caraccas,40  m.  S.  Caraccas, 

67,  Rafael,  i.  S,  America,  in  Moxes,  210  m,  E. 
Santa  Cruz  dp  la  Sien-a  La  Nueva, 

St.  Ramhert  de  Joux,  t  France,  in  Ain,  16  m, 
S,  S.  E.  Bourg-en  B»'esse,  27  N.  E.  Lyons.  Lon. 
5"  31'  E.  Lat.  45"  57'  N.     Pop.  2,300. 


S  A  I 


S  A  I 


G5Ff 


St.  Ramhtrt  sur  Loire,  t.  France,  in  Rhone-and- 
Loire,  7  m.  N.  W.  St.  Etienne.     Pop.  2,400. 

Si.  Raphael,  cape  at  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of 
Hispaniola.  Lon.  69"  8'  W.  Lat.  19"  16'  N. 

St.  Regis,  r.  N.  Y.  which  is  formed  by  nume- 
rous streams,  and  runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence  a 
little  above  45°  N.  lat.  in  Canada. 

St.  Regis,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  mouth  of  St.  Regis  river. 

Sf.  Regis,  Indian  village,  on  the  river  St^  Law- 
rence. The  boundary  line  between  the  U.  S.  and 
Lower  Canada  passes  through  this  village. 

St.  Remi,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  St. 
Bernard,  9  m.  N.  Aosta. 

St.  Remo,  s-p.  Genoa,  with  a  good  harbour  in 
the  Mediterranean,  23  m.  N.  E.  Nice.  Lon.  7"  46' 
E.  Lat.  43"  47'  N. 

St.  Remijy  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the- Rhone, 
7  m.  E.  Tarascon,  9  S.  Avignon.  Lon.  4"  35'  E. 
Lat.  43"  47  N. 

67.  Renan,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Brest.     Pop.  900, 

5^.  Reverein,  i.  France,  in  Nievre,  21  m.  N.  E. 
Nevers. 

St.  Reyne,  t.  France,  27  m.  W.  N.  VV.  Dijon. 

St.  Ricquier,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Abbeville.     Pop.  1,300. 

St.  Roche  des  Aanais,  seigniory,  Devon  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 56  m.  N.  E.  Quebec. 

iS7.  Romain,  t.  France,  iti  Lower  Seine,-  12  m. 
E.  by  N.  Havre  de  Grace. 

St.  Romain,  t.  France,  15  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lyons. 

67.  Romano,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  S.  W.  Modena. 

67.  Rosa,  t.  New  Grenada,  30  m.  S.  VV.  Santa 
Fe  de  Bogota. 

67.  Rosa,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  W.  Florida,  36  miles  long.  Lon.  86"  50' 
W.  Lat.  30°  26' N. 

67.  Rosa  Bay,  bay  in  thegulf  of  Mexico,  on  the 
S.  coast  of  W.  Florida.  Lon.  86"  5'  to  86"  32'  W. 
Lat.  30"  33' N. 

St.  Rose,  t.  Canada,  12  m.  N.  W.  Montreal. 

67.  Saba,  v.  Palestine,  18  m.  S.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Sf.  Sacrament,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  left  banic 
of  the  La  Plata,  opposite  Buenos  Ayres,  90  m.  W. 
Monte  Video. 

67.  Sadurni,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  13  m.  W. 
N.  W.  Barcelona. 

St.  Saen,  t.  France,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Rouen. 

67.  Salvador  de  Jujui,  city,  Buenos  Ayres,  1 74 
m.  N.  St.  Jago  del  Estero.  Lon.  66°  2'  W.  Lat. 
23"  5'  S. 

St.  Salvador,  or  Civdad  de  Bahia,  city,  Brazil, 
at  the  entrance  of  All  Saints'  bay  :  the  see  of  an 
archbishop.  It  contains  many  religious  houses, 
and  a  large  and  magnificent  college.  It  is  large, 
rich,  and  well  built ;  but  the  principal  part  of  the 
city  stands  on  an  eminence  400  feet  in  height, 
which  makes  it  necessary  to  have  recourse  to 
cranes  and  other  machines  for  conveying  the 
goods  from  the  city  to  the  port.  The  town  is  well 
defended,  and  with  a  small  expense  miglit  be  ren- 
dered impregnable,  the  east  side  being  almost  in- 
accessible, and  the  rest  well  fortified  both  by  na- 
ture and  art.  The  upper  town  is  adorned  with 
several  splendid  structures,  particularly  the  ca- 
thedral, the  palace  of  the  governor,  and  that  of 
the  archbishop,  and  the  courts  of  justice,  hos- 
pitals, ond  other  public  edifices.  The  commerce 
''i  the  town  is  very  extensive.     The  population  is 

3riou£ly  estimated  from  70,000  to  120,000,  and  is 


composed  of  white?,  Indians,  mulattoes,  and  ne- 
groes. Lon.  39"  30'  W.  Lat.  12"  45'  S. 

St.  Salvador,  or  Banza  St.  Salvador,  city,  Afri- 
ca, cap.  of  Congo,  about  150  miles  from  the  sea, 
upon  a  high  mountain.  It  has  12  churches,  be- 
sides the  cathedral,  which  is  built  with  stone.  Pop. 
about  40,000,  of  whom 4,000  are  whites.  Lon.  14" 
32'  E.  Lat.  5"  45'  S. 

Si.  Salvador,  or  Cuscatlan,  t.  Guatimala,  140 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Guatimala.  Lon.  90"  3'  VV.  Lat, 
14"  N. 

67.  Samuela,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  190" 
34'  E.  Lat.  62"  35'  N. 

57.  Saphorin,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  3  m.  W.  Vevay. 

St.  Savin,  I.  France,  in  Gironde,  18  m.  N.  Bour- 
deaux. 

St.  Sauslieu,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  Amiens. 

67.  Scamegne,  t.  Naples,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Capua. 

67.  Sebastian,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gurumea.  The  harbour  is  well  de- 
fended, and  the  town  is  surrounded  with  walls. 
A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  in  this  place, 
particularly  in  iron,  steel,  and  wool.  22  m.W, 
S.  W.  Bayonne,  33  N.  N.  W.  Pampeluna.  Lon.2'' 
4'  W.  Lat.  43"  10'  N. 

67.  Sebastian,  fort,  Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast. 

6/.  Sebastian.     See  Janeiro,  Rio  dc. 

St.  Sebastian,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat. 
23"  45'  S. 

St.  Sebastian,  t.  S.  America,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  gulf  of  Darien,  140  m.  S.  S.  W.  Carthagena. 
Lon.  76"  40'  W.  Lat.  8°  19'  N. 

St.  Secondo,  t.  Italy,  10  m.  N.  N.  W.  Parma. 

67.  6'cr^,  or  67.  Serrolo,  v.  Austrian  States,  6  m 
E.  Trieste. 

St.  Sever,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  9  m.  S.  S.  W, 
Mont  de  Marsan,  12  E.  Tartas.  Lon.0"3Q'\V. 
Lat.  43"  46'  N. 

St.  Severina,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  93  m.  N.  E.  Reggio.  Lon, 
14"  47'  E.  Lat.  39"  6'  N. 

St.  Severino,  t.  Popedom,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Anco- 
na,  83  N.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13"  18'  E.  Lat.  43" 
10'  N. 

67.  Seriero,  or  St.  Severio,  t.  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata:  the  sec  of  a  bishop,  77  m.  N.  E.  Naples. 
Lon.  15"  54'  E.  Lat.  41"  44'  N. 

St.  Simons,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Alatamaha,  15  miles  long,  and  from 
2  to  4  broad.  The  northern  part  is  separated  by 
a  small  creek  from  the  main  island,  and  called 
Little  St.  Simons.  Between  Little  Simons  and 
Egg  island,  the  southern  branch  of  the  Alatamaha 
communicates  with  the  ocean.  The  island  is  sep- 
arated from  the  main  land  by  a  navigable  river, 
which  communicates  with  the  Alatamalia,  and 
flows  into  St.  Simon's  sound.  Frederica  stands 
on  this  river  on  the  west  side  of  the  island.  Its 
harbour  is  safe  and  deep,  and  being  surrounded 
with  forests  of  timber,  is  well  adapted  for  ship- 
building. Frederica  was  built  by  Gen.  Ogle- 
thorpe, in  1734.  The  fortress  is  constructed  of 
tabby,  and  of  such  durable  materials  that  it  still 
remains.  Lon.  80"  W,  Lat.  31"  15'  N. 

67.  Sorlin,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and  Loire,  4  m. 
N.  W.  Macon,  6  S.  S.  E.  Cluny. 

67.  Stffano,  i-A.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Lon.  9"  42' E.  Lat.  39"  13' N. 

6/.  Stephens,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New-Brunswick, 
on  the  river  St.  Croix. 

67.  Stephens,  parish,  Charleston  district,  S.  C\ 


660 


8  A  1 


SAL 


$0  m.  N.  W.  Chaiieston.  Pinevillc  acauerny  is  lu 
this  parish. 

St.  Stephais,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wafihingtou  co.  Ala- 
l)ama,  on  the  W.  siJe  of  the  Tombigbee,  80  miles 
by  land  above  Mobile,  120  by  water;  250  S.  by 
W.  Huntsville.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  vessels  drawing  4  feet  water.  A  steam- 
boat plies  between  St.  Stephens  and  Ncm'  Orleans. 
Here  are  an  academy,  with  two  instructors,  and 
60  or  70  students;  a  printing  office,  and  250 
houses.     Pop.inlJil9,  1,000. 

St.  Suipict,  seigniory,  Leinster  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24  m.  N. 
E.  Montreal. 

St.  Susanna,  or  Sir  fViUiam  Draper's  Island, 
isl.  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  near  the  coast  of 
Siam.  Lat.  10°  32'  N. 

St.  Susannt,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  16  m.  E. 
Laval.  Lon.O"  16'  W.  Lat.  48°  6'  .N, 

St.  Tammany,  p-t.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va.  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Roanoke,  42  m.  from  Halifax,  N.  C. 

St,  Tammany,  parish,  Louisiana,  lying  on  the 
W.  side  of  Pear!  river. 

St.  Teodcro,  isl.  near  the  N,  coast  of  Candy,  8 
m.  N.  W.  Canea. 

St.  Theodosia,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon, 
192°  E.  Lat.  62°  20'  N. 

St  Thtoffry,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  12  m.  S.  Gren- 
oble. 

St.  Thierry,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  4  m.  N.  W. 
Reims. 

67.  Thomas,  the  principal  of  the  Virgin  islands, 
in  the  W.  Indies,  about  18  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, belonging  to  the  Danes.  It  abounds  with 
potatoes,  sugar,  and  tobacco.  It  has  a  safe  and 
commodious  harbour,  and  the  trade  is  very  con- 
siderable. In  March  1801,  it  was  taken  by  the 
British.  Lon.  64°  50'  W.  Lat.  18°  22'  N. 

St.  Thomas,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  about  30  miles 
in  circumference,  near  the  coast  of  Guinea,  on 
the  equinoxial  line.  The  climate  is  hot,  moist, 
and  unwholesome,  especially  to  Europeans.  Rice, 
millet,  vines  of  the  richest  kind,  melons,  cucum- 
bers, figs,  and  ginger,  are  reared  in  the  utmost 
perfection,  with  little  labour  or  expense.  The 
ecclesiastical  government  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
bishop,  who  is  a  suffragan  to  the  archbishop  of 
Lisbon.  Lon.  6°  25'  E. 

St.  Thomas,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Coroman- 
del,  3  m.  S.  Madras. 

67.  Thomas,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  34  m.  N.  E. 
Quebec. 

6^  Thomas,  parish,  Charleston  district,  S.  C. 

67.  Thomas,  t.  Cuba,  30  m.  W.  S.  W.  Havau- 
nah. 

St.  Tomas,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  10'  N. 

St.  Tomas  de  Castile,  t.  Mexico,  in  Vera  Paz, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Guanacos,  50  m.  £.  Ve- 
ya  Paz.  Lon.  90°  26'  W.  Lat.  15°  46'  N. 

St.  Tita,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  190°  14' 
E.  Lat.63°51'N. 

57.  Trevier  de  Courtoux,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  6  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Pont  de  Vaux.  Lon.  5"  10'  E.  Lat.  46° 
28' N. 

St.  Tron,  t.  Netherlands,  14  m.  N.  W.  Liege,  18 
E.  S.  E.  l-ouvain.  Lon,  5°  16'  E.  Lat.  50°  40'  N. 
Pop.  5,801. 

67.  Tropez,  s-p.  France,  in  Var,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Mediterranean,  32  m.  N.  E.  Toulon. 

St.  Vaast,  t.  France,  in  Charniel,  with  a  small 
harbour,  13  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cherburg. 


St.  Vattry,  seaport,  France,  in  Somme,  on  the 
Somme,  9  m.  N.  W.  Abbeville.  Lon.  1°  16'  E. 
Lat.  50°  37'  N. 

67.  Valery  en  Caux,  t,  France,  m  Lower  Seine, 
11  m,  S.  W.  Dieppe.  Lon.  0"  47'  E.  Lat.  49" 
52' N. 

St.  Vallier,  seigniory,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  m.  E. 
Quebec. 

67.  Ubes.     See  Stetuval. 

St.  Veil,  or  67.  Veil  am  Pstaum.     See  Fiume. 

St.  Veil,  t.  Austrian  States,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Illvria,  on  the  Glan,  8  m.  N.  Clagenfurt,  16  S, 
Muhrau.  Lon.  14°  6'  E.  Lat.  46°  47'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

St.  Veil,  t.  Austria,  5  m.  W.  Vienna. 

St.  Ftnant,  t.  France,  in  the  Straits  of  Ca- 
lais, on  the  Lys,  6  m.  N.  N.  W.  Bethune,  6  E. 
Aire. 

67.  Vincent,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  about 
30  miles  in  circumference.  In  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  island  is  a  bay,  which  is  deemed  the  safest 
harbour  in  all  Ihe  Cape  Verd  Islands.  Lon.  25° 
W.  Lat.  16°  50'  N. 

St.  Vincent,  isl.  in  the  West-Indies,  about  40 
miles  long  and  10  broad.  It  is  owned  by  the  Eng- 
lish and  the  Charaibes,  or  rather  a  mixed  race 
descended  from  negroes  and  Charaibes.  It  con- 
tains about  84,000  acres,  of  which  23,605  acres 
are  owned  by  the  British,  and  about  as  much  more 
by  the  Charaibes.  All  the  remainder  is  thought 
incapable  of  cultivation.  Pop.  18,000,  of  whom 
1,600  are  whites.    Lon.  61°  W.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 

St.  Vincent,  Cape,  the  S.  W.  point  of  Portugal. 
Lon.  9°  5' W.  Lat.  37°  2' N. 

67.  Vincent,  s-p.  Brazil,  150  m.  W^.  Rio  Janei- 
ro. 

St.  Vincent'' s  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  a  little  E.  of  Cape  St.  Vincent. 

St.  Via,  i.  Italy,  3  m.  W.  N.  W.  Verona. 

St.  Vit,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Luxemburg,  25  m.  S. 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  40  N.  Luxemburg.  Lon.  6°  12' 
E.  Lat.  50°  18' N. 

67.  Urbaine,  a  Cistertian  abbey,  Swisserland,  in 
Lucerne,  25  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Lucerne. 

67.  Yriex,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Vienne,  on  the 
Ille,  19  m.  S,  Limoges,  30  N.  E.  Perigueux.  Lon. 
1°  17' E.  Lat.  45°  30' N. 

St.  Zibio,  t  Italy,  1 1  m.  S.  E.  Padua. 

Saima,  lake,  Russia,  200  miles  long,  which 
communicates  through  the  river  Voksa  with  lake 
Ladoga. 

Saintes,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  42  m. 
S.  E.  La  Rochelle,  84  N.  Bourdeaux.  Lon.  0°  33' 
W.  Lat.  45°  45'  N.     Pop.  10,200. 

Saintongc,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  of 
France,  now  forming  the  department  of  the  Lower 
Charente. 

■Saisy,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  10  m.  E. 
Autun. 

Sakan,  r.  Persia,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Persia,  near  Bender  Rigk. 

Sahara,  t.  Egypt,  4  m.  W.  of  the  Nile,  10  S.  Gi- 
zeh. 

Sakaria,  r.  Natolia,  which  runs  into  the  Black 
sea.     Lon.  31°  E.  Lat.  40"  53'  N. 

Sakieh,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  80  m.  N.  W.  Bas- 
sora. 

Sakmansur,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  18  m.  N.  Er- 
zerum. 

Sal,  or  Salt,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
about  40  miles  in  circumference. 


SAL 


SAL 


661 


Sal,  or  Sola,  t.  Sweden,  in  Wcsteras,  near  a  sil- 
ver mine,  32  m.  VV.  Upsal.  Lon.  16"  32'  E.  Lat. 
SrSa'N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Sal  Lake,  lake,  N.  America.  Lon.  91°  30'  W. 
Lat.  50°  23'  N. 

Sal,  Point,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America. 
Lon.  239"  43i  E.  Lat.  34°  57'  N. 

Sala,  La,  t.  Piedmont,  1  i  m.  W.  Aosta. 

Sala,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  18  m.  N. 
Policastro.     Pop.  5,500. 

Salada,  isl.  iu  the  W.  Indies.  Lon.  64°  13'  W. 
Lat.  10"  58' N. 

Saladillo,  r  Buenos  Ayres,  which  running  S.  E. 
falls  into  the  sea  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Plata. 

Salado,  r.  Buenos  Ayres,  which  rises  iu  the  An- 
des, in  lat.  24°  S.  and  running  S.  E.  joins  the  Pa- 
rana at  Santa  Fe,  in  lat.  31°  40'  S. 

Salado,  r.  Chili,  which  falls  into  the  Pacific,  in 
M.26''30'S. 

Salahiah,  fortress  on  the  E.  frontier  of  Egypt, 
towards  Syria. 

Salaka,  a  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red 
sea.    Lon.  37°  5'  E.  Lat.  20°  42'  N. 

Salamanca,  province,  Spain,  bordering  on  Por- 
tugal.   Extent,  1,500  square  miles.    Pop.  210,000. 

Salamanca,  city,  Spain,  on  three  hills  near  the 
river  Tormes.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wall,  and 
has  25  churches,  20  monasteries,  1 1  convents,  and 
a  university.  The  university  was  fouuded  in 
1239,  and  had  long  a  considerable  reputation. 
The  number  of  professors  at  present  is  60,  the 
number  of  students  between  300  and  400.  Pop. 
13,600.  A  memorable  battle  was  fought  here  be- 
tween the  British  under  lord  Wellington  and  the 
French  under  Marmont,  iu  July  1812.  153  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat.  41° 
21' N. 

Salambria,  (an.  Peneus,')  r.  Greece,  which  dis- 
charges itself  into  the  gulf  of  Salonica,  through 
the  well  known  Vale  of  Tempo,  25  m.  E.  by  N. 
Larissa. 

Salame,  isl.  at  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  gulf, 
near  Cape  Mussendoon.  Lon.  56°  48'  E.  Lat.  26° 
20' N. 

Salamis,  in  Sao.  Geog.     See  Famagusta, 

Salanche,  t.  Savoy,  28  m.  S.  E.  Geneva, 

Salangari,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  Sea?,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Gilolo.     Lon.  127°  31'  E.  Lat.  2"  15'  N. 

Salankemen,  t.  Austrian  states,  opposite  the  in- 
lluxof  the  Theyss  into  th«  Danube,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Belgrade.     Lon.  20°  30'  E.  Lat.  45"  10'  N. 

Salburg,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Saal,  20  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Gera,  40  S.  E.  Erfurt.  Lon.  11°  50'  E.  Lat. 
.■i0°27'N. 

Salces,  v.  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees,  9  m.  N. 
;?erpignan. 

Saldanha  Bay,  -bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lon.  17°  50'  E.  Lat  32°  54'  S. 

Saldanna,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  46  m.  E.  Leon,  38 
:S.  by  W.  Palencia,     Pop.  4,000. 

Saleclo,  s-p.  Tunis,  90  m.  from  Tunis. 

Salem,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Jerusalem. 

Salem,  t  Hind.  cap.  of  a  district  of  the  same 
jiame  in  the  Carnatic.  Lon.  78°  18'  E.  Lat.  11° 
44'  N. 

Salem,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  30  m.  S.  W. 
Portsmouth,  36  S.  E.  Concord.     Pop.  1,179. 

Salem,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Memphrama- 
fjog,  49  m.  N.  Montpelier.     Pop.  58. 

Salem,  port  of  entry  and  cap.  Essex  co.  Mass.  the 
second  town  in  New-England  in  commerce, 
wealth,  and  population,  is  built  on  a  low  peninsu- 
^  formed  by  two  small  inlets  of  the  sea,  called 


North  and  South  rivers ;  over  the  former  of  which 
is  a  bridge  1,500  feet  long,  connecting  the  town 
with  Beverly  ;  the  other  separates  it  from  Mar- 
blehead,  and  forms  the  principal  harbour.  The 
harbour  is  so  shallow  that  vessels  drawing  more 
than  12  feet  v»rater  must  load  and  unload  at  a  dis- 
tance from  the  wharves,  yet  it  is  accessible  to 
ships  ol  war  into  safe  anchorage,  as  the  frigate 
Constitution  found  in  Uie  late  war  when  pursued 
by  a  superior  force.  There  are  two  forts  for  the 
defence  of  the  harbour. 

The  town  contains  a  court-house,  alms-house, 
market-house,  3  banks,  a  museum  belonging  to  the 
East  India  Marine  Society,  an  athenaeum  contain- 
ing more  than  5,000  volumes,  an  orphan  asylum, 
and  11  beises of  public  worship,  6  for  Congrega- 
tionalists,  2  for  Baptists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for 
Friends,  and  1  for  Universalists.  The  streets  are 
crooked,  and  the  houses  generally  built  of  wood, 
but  many  of  those  recently  erected  ai*e  handsome 
edifices  of  brick. 

The  commerce  of  Salem  is  extensive.  In  1816, 
it  was  the  sixth  town  ih  the  U.  States,  in  amount 
of  shipping,  the  number  of  tons  being  34,454,  of 
which  nearly  one  half  was  employed  in  the  India 
trade.  This  trade  has  been  prosecuted  with  great 
spirit  and  success  for  many  years,  and  has  been  a 
source  of  much  wealth  to  the  town.  A  society 
composed  of  masters  and  supercargoes  of  vessels 
who  have  sailed  round  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  or 
Cape  Horn,  was  incorporated  in  1801,  and  now 
consists  of  about  160  members.  A  museum  be- 
longs to  the  Society,  composed  of  curiosities  from 
all  parts  of  the  world,  and  is  visited  by  strangers 
without  expense.  The  inhabitants  of  Salem  are 
celebrated  for  enterprise,  industry,  and  true  re- 
publican economy.  Perhaps  no  city  in  the  U. 
States  contains  so  much  wealth  in  proportion  to 
the  population.  It  is  the  oldest  town  in  Massa- 
chusetts except  Plymouth,  having  been  settled  in 
1626.  Its  Indian  name  was  Naumkeag.  4  m.  N. 
W.  Marblehead,  24  S.  Newburyport,  14  N.  N.  E. 
Boston.  Lat.  42°  30'  N.  Lon.  70'  50'  W.  Pop.  in 
1810,  12,613. 

Salem,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  29  m.  S.  E.  Hart- 
ford. 

Salem,  p-t.  Washington  qo.  N.  Y.  18  m.  S.  E. 
SandyhiU,  46  N.  E.  Albany.  Pop.  2,833.  The 
courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and 
at  SandyhiU.  Salem  village  is  on  a  plain  in  the 
centre  of  the  town,  and  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  an  academy,  and  2  churches. 

Salem,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Gloucester  co. 
E.  by  Cumberland  co.  S.  W.  and  W.  by  Delaware 
river  and  bay.     Pop.  12,791. 

Salem,  p-t.  and  cap.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  on  Salem 
creek,  3i  m.  from  its  confluence  with  Delaware 
bay.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  ves- 
sels of  50  tons.  Salem  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  an  academy  and  4  churches,  1  each  for  Bap- 
tists. Quakers,  Methodists,  and  Episcopalians.  20 
m.  N.  W.  Bridgetown,  37  S.  W.  by  S.  Philadel- 
phia. 

Salem,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  316. 

Salem,  t  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  530. 

Salem,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,518. 

Salem,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  407. 

Sakm,  West,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  660. 

Salem,  p-t.  Botetourt  co.  Va.  20  m.  S.  W.  Fin- 
castle. 

Salem,  p-t.  Faquier  co.  V'a. 

Salem,  p-t.  Stokes  ce.  N.  C.  on  a  tributary  of  the 
rirer  Yadkin,  35  m.  N.  E.  Salisbury,     The  town 


662 


SAL 


is  built  of  brick,  principally  on  one  street,  half  a 
mile  in  length,  paved,  and  planted  on  each  side 
with  trees.  Here  is  a  Moravian  academy  for 
young  ladies,  under  the  care  of  the  pastor  and  12 
matrons.  Pupils  resort  here  from  all  parts  of  the 
Southern  States.  The  buildings  consist  of  a 
church  which  is  spacious  and  elegant,  and  4  brick 
edifices  4  stories  high  for  the  academy.  They 
stand  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  on  a  square  plant- 
ed with  trees,  and  intersected  by  fine  gravel  walks. 
Several  manufactures,  particularly  of  potter's 
ware,  are  carried  on  in  this  town. 

Salem,  co.  S.  C.  in  Sumpter  district. 

Salem,  p-t.  Salem  co.  S.  C. 

Salem,  t.  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Oconee,  nearly  opposite  iVIilledgeville. 

Salem,  p-t.  Livingston  co.  Ken. 

Salem,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie, 
16  m.  N.  E.  Jefferson. 

Salem,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
460. 

Salem,  p-t.  Columbiana  ^o.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W. 
New  Lisbon. 

Salem,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W.  Stcu- 
benville. 

Salem,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  145. 

Salem,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  on  Oliio  river,  9  m. 
Woodsfield. 

Salem,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Dayton. 

Salem,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Musking- 
um, 10  m.  N.  E.  Zanesville. 

Salem,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskin- 
gum. 

Salem,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  11  ra.  N.  Mari- 
etta. 

Salem,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co,  Indiana,  25 
m.  W.  Jeffersonville,  34  N.  Corydon.  It  is  re- 
cently settled,  and  contains  about  40  houses,  and 
a  handsome  brick  court-house. 

Salem  cross  roads,  p-v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Salemi,  t.  Sicily,  38  m.  S.  W.  Palermo.  Fop. 
8,000. 

Saleniia,  t.  Syria,  100  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aleppo. 

Salengore,  a  kingdom  extending  along  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  It  is  governed  by  a 
Mahometan  prince.  Lon.  101°  18'  E.  Lat.  23"  20-  N. 

Saler  Moler,  fortress,  Hind,  in  Khandeish.  Lon. 
74' 15' E.  Lat.  20"  40' N. 

Salerno,  city,  Naples,  and  cap.  of  Principato 
Citra,  with  a  good  harbour,  and  an  nniversity.  It 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Na- 
ples. Lon.  14°  35'  E.  Lat.  40°  40'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Saleyer,  or  Salayr,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  ofT 
theS,  extremity  of  the  island  of  Celebes,  about  40 
miles  long  and  nearly  8  broad.  Lon.  120"  55'  E. 
Lat.  5°  45'  S. 

Salec,  or  Suletz,  v.  Switzerland,  in  St.  Gall,  on 
the  Rhine,  4  m.  E.  Sax. 

Salford,  Upper,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
838. 

Salford,  Lower,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
558. 

Salibabo,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  seas,  8  or  10  miles 
in  circumferenee.     Lon.  128°  9'  E.  Lat.  4°  N. 

Salicelto,  t.  Piedmont,  16  m.  E.  Mondovi.  Pop. 
3,000. 

Salina,  or  Snlini,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands,  in 
the  Tuscan  sea,  15  miles  in  circuit.  25  m.  N.  by 
W.  Cape  Bianco,  in  Sicily. 

Salina,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  36  m.  S.  S.  E. 


SAL 

Oswego,  130  W.  Albany.  This  town  embrace 
Onondaga  lake  and  the  principal  salt  springs  and 
salt-works  of  the  State.  The  village  of  Salma  on 
the  S.  E.  side  of  the  lake,  contained  in  1812,  about 
90  houses  and  80  salt-works.  The  village  of  Liv- 
erpool on  the  N.  E.  side  of  the  lake,  contained  at 
the  same  time  about  80  houses  and  35  salt-works. 
Every  gallon  of  water  yields  from  16  to  27  ounces 
of  salt,  being  much  stronger  than  any  other  salt- 
springs  in  the  U.  States.  Tlie  quantity  manufac- 
tured in  1810,  was  435,840  bushels,  and  it  may  be 
increased  to  an  unlimited  extent.  Salina  is  con- 
nected by  a  branch  canal  li  miles  long  with  tlie 
great  canal  from  Lake  Erie  to  the  Hudson. 

Salina,  p-t.  Randolph  co.  Illinois. 

Saline,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows  into  the  N. 
side  of  Red  river,  8  m.  N.  E.  Natchitoches.  The 
saline  on  this  river  is  a  valuable  salt  flat,  affording 
an  abundant  supply  of  salt. 

Saline,  t.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Missouri. 

Saline,  r.  Louisiana,  which  joins  Black  Lake 
river,  8  m.  N.  E.  Natchitoches. 

Saline  creek,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  20  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash.  It 
is  navigable  30  miles.  There  are  salt  works  be- 
longing to  the  U.  States,  on  this  stream,  20  m. 
above  its  mouth. 

Salines,  v.  Missouri,  on  the  Mississippi,  4  m.  be- 
low St.  Genevieve,  9  from  Kaskaskias.  Here  are 
extensive  salt  works. 

Salines,  Point  de,  or  Point  Salinas,  cape  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Hispaniola.  Lon.  71°  48'  W.  Lat.  18° 
8'  N. 

Salini,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands,  8  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Palermo.     Lon.  15°  5'  E.  Lat.  38"  40'  N. 

Salins,  t.  France,  in  Jura.  It  is  well  built  and 
fortified.  22  m.  S.  Besancon.  Lon.  5°  56'  E.  Lat. 
46"57'N.     Pop.  8,200. 

Salisbury,  city,  England,  in  Wiltshire,  on  the 
Avon.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  The  cathedral, 
which  was  founded  in  1219,  is  the  most  elegant 
and  regular  Gothic  structure  in  the  kingdom.  Its 
spire  is  the  tallest  in  England,  being  410  feet. 
There  are  88  bells,  which  are  hung  in  a  steeple  by 
itself.  It  is  noted  for  the  manufacture  of  bone 
lace  and  cutlery.  It  sends  2  members  to  parlia- 
ment. 91  m.  E  N.  E.  Exeter,  82  W.  S.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  1°47'  W,    Lat.  51°  4'  N.     Pop.  8,243. 

Salisbury/,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Merrimack,  14  m.  N.  W.  Concord. 
Pop.  1,913.  It  contains  2  churches,  ]  for  Baptists, 
and  1  forCongregationalists,  an  academy,  and  va- 
rious mills. 

Salisbury,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek, 
44  m.  S.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  700. 

Salisbury,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Merrimack,  4  m.  N.  Newburyport,  30  N.  N. 
E.  Salem.  Pop.  2,047.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parishes,  and  below  the  junction  of  Povvow  river 
with  the  Merrimack,  there  is  a  flourishing  village 
where  many  vessels  are  built. 

Salisbury,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Housatonnuc,  47  m.N.  W.  Hartford,  60  N. 
N.  W.  New  Haven.  Pop.  2,321.  It  contains  2 
churches,  1  for  Congregational ists,  and  1  for 
Methodists.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  abundance  in  this 
town,  and  is  thought  to  be  equal  for  richness  to 
any  in  the  United  Slates.  Here  arc  3  forges,  2 
blast  furnaces,  1  anchor  and  screw  manufactory, 
a  scythe  manufactory,  2  shops  with  hammers  for 
the  manufacture  of  gun  barrels,  &c.  a  button 
manufactory,  and  some  snicdler  manufactories. 


SAL 


SAL 


663 


Salisbun/j  Tp-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.N.  E. 
trtica.     Pop.  1,252. 

Salishunj,  p-t.  Orang^e  co.  N.  Y. 
I         Sttlislmn/,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,S41. 

Salisburi/,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.  on  the  Lehigh,  6  m. 
S.  W.  Betlilehem.     Pop.  933. 

Salisbury^  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  40. 

Salisbury.  Sec  Smyrna,  Delaware. 
\  Salisbury,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Somerset  co. 
I  Md.  at  the  forks  of  Wicomico  river,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Snowhill,  163  S.  by  W.  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
i  2  churches,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Metho- 
i  dists,  and  about  80  houses;  and  carries  on  consid- 
i     crable  trade  in  lumber. 

I  Salisbury,  p-t.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  on  Cane  creek, 
5  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Yadkin,  34  S.  W. 
Salem,  120  W.  Fayetteville.  It  is  a  flourishing 
town,  in  a  fertile  country,  and  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  and  about  100  houses.  In  the 
neighborhood  of  Salisbury  is  a  remarkable  wall  of 
stone,  below  the  surface  of  the  ground.  It  is  2  feet 
(hick,  and  a  pit  has  been  sunk,  by  its  side,  27  feet, 
without  reaching  the  bottom.  Its  course  has  been 
traced  between  200  and  300  feet.  It  is  composed 
of  small  irregular  stones,  strongly  cemented,  and 
presenting  an  even  and  smooth  surface. 

Salisbury,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  in  1815,  325. 

Salisbury,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Indiana,  30  m.  N. 
Brookville. 

Salisbury  sound,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  136"  W.  Lat.  57"  30'  N. 

Saliserai,  t.  Grand  Bukharia,  the  ancient  ordi- 
nary residence  of  the  Khans  of  Zagatai,  60  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Termed. 

Salla,  La,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  43  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Salerno. 

Salle,  La,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  6  m.  N.  W.  St. 
Hypolite,  12  W.  Alias.     Pop.  2,010. 

Salle  pres  Vihiers,  La,  t.  France,  in  Maine-and- 
Loire,  4  m.  W.  Vihiers. 

Sallce,  or  Sale,  seaport,  Africa,  on  the  Atlantic, 
in  the  kmgdom  of  Fez,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Sallce,  was  formerly  capable  of  receiving  large 
ihips,  but  the  sand  has  now  so  choked  up  the 
ontrance,  that  ships  of  200  tons  cannot  enter 
it,  till  their  guns  and  ballast  are  taken  out.  It  is 
a  walled  town,  and  has  a  battery  which  commands 
(he  road,  and  a  redoubt  which  defends  the  en- 
trance of  the  river.  42  m.  W.  Mequinez.  Lon. 
<i"40' W.  Lat.  34°  3' N. 

Sallecolakit,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  Mindanao.  Lon.  121°  25'  E.  Lat.  6" 
4Q'  N. 

Salient,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  13  m.  N.  Jaca. 

Sallero,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Lapland,     Lat.  69°  20' N. 

Salles,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ga- 
1  !lac. 

Salles,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  6  m.  N.  Alais. 

Salles,  t.  France,  in  Charente,  5  m.  S.  Cognac. 

Sallian,  t.  Persia,  in  Schirvan,  on  the  Kur,  near 
trie  Caspian  sea. 

Sallies,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  8  m.  W. 
Orthes,  1 1  N.  St.  Palais.     Pop.  6,205. 

Salloor,  t.  Hindostan,  in  the  Cicacole,  45  m.  W. 
Cicacole. 

Salloorgant,  fort,  Hindostan,  in  Cicacole,  38  m. 
^V.  Cicacole. 

Salm,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Luxemburg,  11  m.  S. 
^.  E.  Spa,  38  N.  Luxemburg. 

Salm,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  24  m.  'W,  S. 
^V.  Strasburg,  38  N.  E.  Epinal. 

H 


-"g^  y?.^..'  i^-F-? 


Salm,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into,  the  Moselle, 

8  m.  below  Treves. 

Salmais,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  18  m,  N.  W. 
Dijon. 

Salmansiveiler,  a  princely  abbey  of  Germany, 
on  a  river  which  runs  into  the  lake  of  Constance, 

9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Constance,  24  E.  Schaffhausen. 

Salmedina,  t.  New  Granada,  5  m.  N.  Porto 
Bello. 

Salmis,  t.  Russia,  in  Viborg,  on  lake  Ladoga,  28 
m.  N.  W.  Olonetz. 

Salmisch,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Sak- 
marah,  16  m.  N.  Orenburg. 

Salmon,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  Connecticut  riv- 
er in  East  Haddam. 

Salmon  Cove,  harbor  in  Observatory  inlet,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  230°  21'  E.  Lat. 
55"  20'  N. 

Salmtm  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  S. 
end  of  Cayuga  lake. 

Salmon  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  lake  On- 
tario, 4  m.  N.  Mexico  point. 

Salmon  creek,  r.  N.Y.  which  runs  into  the  St. 
Lawrence,  at  Fort  Covington,  after  a  course  of 
about  70  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  8  mile?, 
to  French  mills.  About  16  miles  from  its  mouth 
are  the  falls.  The  river  vmich  is  15  or  20  rods 
wide,  after  a  rapid  course  for  a  mile,  during  which 
the  descent  is  about  30  feet,  it  falls  perpendicu- 
larly 110  feet,  making  the  whole  descent  140  feet. 
For  a  mile  and  a  half  below,  the  banks  are  lofty 
walls,  more  than  100  feet  high,  generally  perpen- 
dicular, but  frequently  shelving  over  the  stream 
several  yards.  At  the  foot  of  the  falls,  salmon  are 
caught  in  abundance. 

Sahnone,  in  Sac.  Geog.  the  E.  cape  of  the  island 
of  Crete,  opposite  Cnidus  and  Rhodes. 

SaImo7i  fall,  a  name  applied  to  the  Piscataqua, 
from  its  source  to  the  lower  falls  at  Berwick. 

Salmon  river,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  John,  in  lon.  67"  32'  W.  Lat.  47"  N. 

Salmujisier,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  in  Fulda,  25  m.  S, 
W.  Fulda.     Pop.  1,000. 

Salo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  near  lake  Garda,  14  m. 
N.  E.  Brescia.     Pop.  5,000. 

Salo,  t.  Finland,  26  m.  S.  E.  Abo. 

Salo,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  100  m.  S.  E.  Rioja. 

Salobrenna,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  near  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  strong  castle, 
4  m.  W.  Motril. 

Salombo,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  E.  Indian 
ocean.     Lon.  1 13"  13'  E.  Lat.  5"  30'  S. 

Salomon  Islands.     See  Solomon  Islands. 

Salon,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the-Rhone,  18 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Aix.    Lon.  5"  10'  E.  Lat.  43"  38'  N. 

Salona,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  a  bay  of  the  gulf  of  Lepanto,  call- 
ed the  gulf  of  Salona,  22  m.  N.  W.  Livadia.  Lon. 
22"31'E.  Lat.  38"  48' N. 

Salona,  seaport,  Dalmatia,  in  a  small  bay  of  the 
Adriatic,  6  m.  N.  Spalatro.  Lon.  16°  44' E.  Lat. 
43°  26'  N. 

Salonild,  seaport,  Eu.'  Turkey,  in  Macedonia, 
on  a  gulf  to  which  it  gives  name.  It  was  formerly 
called  Halia  and  Therma;  but  Cassander  building 
it  anew,  g-ave  it  the  name  of  his  spouse  Thessalon- 
tea.  It  is  admirably  situated  for  trade,  and  is  alstj 
distinguished  for  the  stately  remains  of  its  ancieni 
grandeur.  The  Christians  here,  were,  in  early 
times,  so  considerable,  that  St.  Paul  addressed 
them  in  two  epistles.  272  m.  W.  Constantinople, 
752  E.  P.  E,  Ragi7=H.     L^n.  23"  E.  Lat.  40"  40'  N . 


664 


SAL 


Salop.     See  Shropshire. 

Salopar,  t.  Ceylon,  18  m.  N.  N.  W.  Trinkamaly. 

Salori,  t.  Sardinia,  20  m.  W.  Cagliari. 

Salomay,  t.  France,  in  Saone-and-Loire,  16  m. 
N.  W.  Macon. 

Saloun,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the  Cas- 
pian sea,  20  m.  N.  W.  Amol. 

Saloipacki,  isl,  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  131'' 
38' E.  Lat.3°50'N. 

Salpe,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  23  m.  S.  Man- 
fredonia,  92  E.  N.  E.  Naples. 

Salpha,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Visiapour,  20  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Sattarah. 

Salrico,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  40  m.  VV.  S.  W. 
Cape  Corrientes.     Lat.  20'*  2'  N. 

Salseda,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  18  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Compostella. 

Salsas,  t.  and  fort,  France,  in  Eastern  Pyrenees, 
9  m .  N.  Perpignan. 

SalseUe,  isl.  near  the  VV.  coast  of  Hindostan, 
about  40  leagfues  in  circumference.  It  is  fertile 
in  rice,  fruit,  and  sugar.  This  island  was  former- 
ly separated  from  Bombay  by  a  narrow  cliannel, 
but  is  now  connected  with  it  by  a  causeway.  It 
is,  to  the  East  India  company,  a  most  desirable  ac- 
quisition, as  the  settlement  of  Bombay  possessed 
no  territory  beyond  the  small  island  on  which  it  is 
situated,  and  depended  on  foreign  supplies  for  its 
subsistence.  Tauna,  the  principal  town,  is  25  m. 
N.  Bombay.     Lon.  72"  50'  E.  Lat.  19"  12'  N. 

Salt  sea.     SeeDeadsea. 

Salta,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  25  m.  S.  Serrain. 

Salta,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  containing  7  churches, 
^nd  9,000  inhabitants.  It  is  a  place  of  great  re- 
sort, on  account  of  the  large  quantities  of  corn, 
meal,  wine,  cattle,  salt,  meat,  fat,  hides,  and  oth- 
er commodities,  which  are  sent  to  Peru.  50  m.  S. 
•St.  Salvador,  165N.  St.  jMigueldeTucuman.  Lou. 
66°  30'  W.  Lat.  24°  40'  S. 

Saltaim,  lake,  Russia,  in  Tobolsk.  Lon.  72°  14' 
E.  Lat.  56"  N. 

Saltash,  seaport,  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
Tamar,  5  m.  N.  W.  Plymouth.  Lon.  4°  6'  W. 
Lat.  50°  24'  N. 

Saltcoats,  seaport,  Scotland,  in  Ayr,  on  the  frith 
of  Clyde,  22  m.  3.  W.  Glasgow,  10  N.  N.  W.  Ayr. 
Lon.  4"  37  W.  Lat.  55°  41'  N.     Pop.  2,325. 

Saltash.    See  Plymouth,  Vt. 

Salt  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  S.  side 
of  the  Scioto,  15  m.  below  Chillicothe. 

Salt  creek,  p-t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  E. 
Zanesville. 

Salt  creek,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  E.  Woos- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,730. 

Salt  creek,  t.  Hocking  co.  Ohio. 

Salt  creek,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  E.  Cir- 
cle ville. 

Saltees,  2  islands  in  St.  George's  channel,  near 
tlie  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Carnsore 
point.     Lon.  6°  37'  W.  Lat.  52°  8'  N. 

Salten,  i.  Norway,  260  m.  N.  Drontheim. 

Saltfeel,  seaport,  England,  in  LiYicoln,  33  m.  N. 
E.  Lincoln.     Lat.  53°  22'  N. 

Saltjleet,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Up.  Canada,  On  lake  On- 
tario. 

Saltholm,  isl.  Denmark,  5  m.  S.  E.  Copenhagen. 
L  on.  12°  46'  E.  Lat.  55°  58'  N. 

Saltholmen,  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  coast  of  Zea- 
land.    Lon.  1 1°  23'  E.  Lat  54°  39'  N. 

Saltketchers.     See  Combahee. 

Salt  river,  r.  Kentucky,  which  is  chiefly  formed 
by  the  union  of  three  streams,  Floyd's,  Rolling, 
and  Beach  forks,  and  flows  into  the  Ohio,  20  m. 


SAL 

below  Louisville.  It  is  160  yards  wide  at  its 
mouth,  and  is  navigable  65  miles.  On  its  banks 
are  innumerable  salt  licks. 

Salt  river,  r.  Missouri,  which  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi, 103  m.  above  St.  Louis,  73  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Illinois.     It  is  navigable  200  miles. 

Salt  spring,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  10  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash. 

Saltpetre  creek,  r.  Baltimore  co,  Md.  which  runs 
into  the  W.  side  of  Gunpowder  creek,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Baltimore. 

Salto,  t.  New  Grenada,  72  m.  N.  N.  W.  Santa 
Fe  de  Bogota.    Lon.  73°  50'  W.  Lat.  5°  15'  N. 

Salvadigo,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  near 
the  coast  of  Natolia.  Lon.  26"  56'  E.  Lat.  37' 
6'  i\. 

Salvages,  uninhabited  islands  in  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  lying  N.  of  the  Canaries.  They  belong  to 
tlie  Portuguese.     Lon.  15°  54'  W.    Lat.  30"  4'  N. 

Salraignac,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  21  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Toulouse. 

Sahaterra,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  15  ra. 
S.  Santarem. 

Salvaterra,  t.  Italy,  18  m.  E.  Cremona. 

Sahaterra  do  Extrema,  i.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on 
the  borders  of  Spain.  Lon.  6°  36'  W.  Lat.  39" 
43'  N. 

Saluda,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  S.  E.  and  joins 
Broad  river,  just  above  Columbia,  to  form  the 
Congaree. 

Salum,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
in  lat.  12°  45'  N. 

Salum,  t.  Tyrol,  10  m.  N.  Trent. 

Saluzzo,  t.  Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of  the  Mari- 
time Alps,  near  the  Po.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  20 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Turin.  Lon.  7°  29'  E.  Lat. 44"  33'  N. 
Pop.  10,150. 

Salicatty,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the  N. 
W.  coast  of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  131°  15'  E.  Lat, 
1°  6'  S. 

Salz,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  Werra,  2m. 
S.  Salz  Uflen,  in  the  county  of  Lippe. 

Saltdalem,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick. Here  are  great  salt-works.  4  m.  N.  E. 
Wolfenbutt^l. 

Sals  der  Helden,  t.  Hanover,  in  Gottingen,  with 
a  salt-work,  2  m.  S.  Einbeck,  8  N.  Nordheim. 

Salz-deffurt,  t.  Hanover,  in  Hildesheim,  with  a 
salt-work,  8  m.  S.  E.  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1,000. 

Salzhemmendorf,  t,  Hanover,  with  three  salt 
springs,  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Hameen,  19  W.  S.  W.  Hil- 
desheim. 

Salz  Uflen,  t.  Germany,  in  Lippe-Detmold,  11 
m.  N.  Detmold,  14  S.  W.  Minden. 

Salza,  Great,  t.  Prussian  states,  with  two  salt- 
springs,  12  m.  S.  Magdeburg.  Lon.  12°  E.  Lat. 
52°  N. 

Salza,  or  Salzach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into 
the  Inn,  5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Burkhausen. 

Salzburg,  city,  Germany,  formerly  capital  of 
the  archbishopric  of  the  same  name,  now  the  chief 
place  in  a  quarter  or  district  of  Lower  Austria, 
is  situated  between  three  mountains,  on  the  river 
Salza,  which  runs  through  the  city.  It  is  well  for- 
tified. The  mountain  castle  which  stands  on  the 
right  side  of  the  river,  is  very  strong.  Among  the 
public  buildings  are  the  archbishop's  palace,  a  ca- 
thedral, a  university,  and  an  amphitheatre.  68  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Munich,  140  W.  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  13" 
E.  Lat.  47°  47' N.     Pop.  16,300. 

Salzburg,  formerly  an  archbishopric  and  princi- 
pality of  Germany,  of  which  the  city  of  Salzburg 
was  the  capital,  100  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.  and 


SAM 


SAM 


665 


V I  irom  N.  to  S.     It  now  forms  part  of  the  Salz- 
burg quarter  in  Lower  Austria. 

Salzkotlen,  or  SoUkoil,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Westphalia,  6  m.  S.  W.  Paderborn,  10  E.  S.  E. 
Lippstatt.  Lon.  8°  22'  E.  Lat.  51"  36'  N.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Salzliebenhall,  or  Salsgitter,  t.  Hanover,  in  Ilil- 
desheim,  11  m.  N.  Goslar. 

Salzola,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  6  m.  E.  S.  E. 
As  col  i. 

Salsungen,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinungen,  on 
the  VVerra,  celebrated  for  its  salt-ajirings,  7  m.  N. 
W.  Schmalkalden.     Pop.  2,300. 

Salzivedel,  or  Soliicede.l,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Saxony,  on  the  Jetze.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cloth,  serge,  &c  26  m.  N.  W.  Stendal,  68  S.  E. 
Hamburg.  Lon.  11"  20'  E.  Lat.  52°  40'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Sama,  or  Schama,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast, 
wher^  the  Dutch  have  a  fort. 

Sama,  or  St.  John^  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  in  lon.  1"35'  E.  Lat.  4°  31'  N. 

Samaab  Karb,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lat.  28° 
16'  .N. 

Samad»im,  t.  Arabian  Irac,  on  the  Euphrates, 
115  m.  S.  Bagdad. 

Hamak,  or  Samahe,  isl,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the 
gulf  ot  Persia.     Lon.  48°  35'  E.  Lat.  26°  40'  N. 

Samalont,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile, 
14  m.  S.  Abu  Girge. 

Sninana,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Hispaniola. 
Lon.  69°  22'  W.  Lat.  19"  13' N. 

Samanah,  t.  Hindostan,  25  m.  W.  N.  W.  Delhi. 
Lon.  75°58'E.  Lat.  30°  1'  N. 

Samar,  or  Samal,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands, 
120  leagues  in  circumference.  The  soil  is  ex- 
tremely fertile,  and  easily  cultivated.  It  produ- 
ces rice,  potatoes,  cabbages,  garlic,  onions,  mel- 
ons, the  Chinese  oranges,  lemons,  &:c.  The  na- 
tives were  formerly  Mahometans;  but  the  mis- 
sionary Jesuits  converted  them  to  the  religion  and 
allegiance  of  Spain.  Lon.  124"  15'  to  125"  52'  E. 
Lat.  11"  15' to  12"  45' IV. 

Samara,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha,  at  the  union  of  the 
rivers  Salmisch  and  Sakmara,  12  m.  N.  Orenburg. 
Lon.  55°  4' E.  Lat.  53"  N. 

Samara,  t.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  near  the  Volga, 
76  m.  S.  S.  E.  Simbirsk.  Lon.  49°  26'  E.  Lat.  53" 
20'  N. 

Samarang,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It  is  a  forti- 
fied town,  and  is  the  most  considerable  settlement 
next  to  Batavia,  in  Java.  230  m.  E.  Batavia.  Lon. 
110"39'E.  Lat.  6°  54' S. 

Samarcand,  city,  Asia,  and  capital  of  a  province 
in  Great  Bukharia,  called  MawaralnaJir,  or  Sa- 
marcand; supposed  to  be  the  Marakanda  of  the 
ancients.  It  is  not  now  so  splendid  as  in  times 
past,  yet  is  still  very  large,  and  well  peopled.  It 
is  fortified  with  strong  bulwarks  of  earth.  The 
icademy  of  sciences  in  this  city  is  one  of  the  most 
eminent  among  the  Mahometans,  and  is  re- 
sorted to  from  all  the  neighbouring  countries. 
The  province  of  Samarcand  or  Mawaralnahr, 
is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Bukharia,  and  extends 
to  the  borders  of  Kashgar,  being  about  500 
nailes  long  from  W.  to  E.  and  450  from  N.  to  S. 
This  country  was  formerly  full  of  flourishing  cit- 
ies, most  of  which  are  at  present  ruined  or  fallen 
to  decay.    Lon.  63"  20'  E.  Lat.  39"  45'  N. 

Samaria,  in  Sac.  Geog.  one  of  the  three  tetrar- 
Aies  into  which  Palestine  was  divided  by  the 
Romans.    It  was  situated  between  Judea  and 

84 


Galilee,  and  comprised  Ephrai'm,  Issachar,  and 
part  of  Manasseh.  Its  capital,  the  city  of  Sa- 
maria, stood  on  a  mountain  of  the  same  name, 
and  was  the  seat  of  the  kings  of  Israel. 

Samata,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  7  m.  N.  W.  Dea- 
dera. 

Samba,  seaport.  New  Granada,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Carthagena.     Lon.  75"  16'  W.  Lat.  10"  40'  N. 

Sambacoong,  isl.  in  tlie  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  1 17° 
24'  E.  Lat.  4"  6'  N. 

Samballas,  a  numerous  cluster  of  small  islands 
along  the  northern  shore  of  the  isthmus  of  Da- 
rien.     Lon.  78"  25'  W.  Lat.  9°  26'  N. 

Samballos  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
isthmus  of  Darien.  Lon.  79°  14'  W.  Lat.  9" 
36'  N. 

Sambas,  seaport  of  Borneo,  and  capital  of  the 
kingdom  of  the  same  name,  on  the  W.  coast,  much 
frequented  by  the  Chinese.  Lon.  109"  E.  Lat.  2" 
20' N. 

Sambehng  Islands,  in  the  Indian  sea,  among  the 
Nicobar  islands,     Lon.  100°  36'  E.  Lat.  41°  20'  N. 

Samboangan,  t.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Minda- 
nao,    Lon.  122°  1  r  E.  Lat.  6"  45'  N. 

Samborough,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia.    Lon.  63"  32'  W.  Lat.  44"  30'  N. 

Sambre,  r.  which  rises  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aisne,  passes  by  Chatillon,  Landre- 
cy,  Barlemont,  Thuin,  Charleroy,  &:c.  and  joins 
the  Meuse  at  Namur. 

Samburgh  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  at  the  S.  E. 
extremity  of  tiie  island  of  Shetland.  Lon.  1"  39 ' 
E.  Lat.  39"  44' N. 

Samen,  t,  Switzerland,  in  Berne,  24  m,  S.  Fri- 
burg,  25  E.  S.  E.  Lausanne. 

Samira,  or  Scrramenrai,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the 
Tigris,  70  m.  N.  N.  W.  Bagdad,  140  S.  E.  Mosul. 
Lon.  43°  7' E.  Lat.  34"  20' N. 

Samisat,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  70  m. 
W.  Ourfa.     Lon,  37"  20'  E.  Lat.  37"  10'  N. 

Sammanger-Jioerd,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Norway, 
12  m.  S.  Berghen. 

Samo  Poulo,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Samos. 

Samoeides,  a  people  inhabiting  the  N.  W.  part 
of  Russia,  towards  the  Frozen  sea,  part  of  whom 
live  in  the  j^overnment  of  Archangel,  quite  sepa- 
rated from  the  rest  of  their  tribe,  'fhey  are  all 
very  jioor,  simple,  and  undesigning.  Their  taw- 
ny complexion,  long  eyes,  and  puffed  cheeks, 
make  them  appear  very  disagreeable  to  strangers. 
Their  furs,  which  they  dispose  of  to  the  Russians 
for  trifles,  are  the  finest  in  the  whole  empire. 

Samogitia,  formerly  a  province  of  Poland, 
bounded  N.  by  Courland,  E.  by  Lithuania,  S.  by 
Prussia,  and  W.  by  Prussia  and  the  Baltic.  Ex- 
tent, 8,000  sq.  miles.     It  now  belongs  to  Russia. 

Samoria,  t.  Hungary,  8  m.  S.  E.  Presburg. 

Samos,  r.  Transylvania,  which  runs  into  the 
Theyss,  12  m.  N.  Ested  in  Hungary. 

Samos,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  24  miles 
long  and  10  wide,  separated  from  Asia  by  a  nar- 
row strait,  called  the  Little  Boghas.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Greek  bishop.  All  the  mountains  of  this  isl- 
and are  of  white  marble.  The  muscadine  grapes 
are  the  best  fruit  of  the  island.  The  silk  of  this 
island  is  very  fine.  Their  honey  and  wax  are  ad- 
mirable. The  principal  harbor  is  that  of  Vati, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  island.  Lou.  26"  50'  E.  Lat. 
37"  43'  N.     Pop.  estimated  at  12,000. 

Samotraki,  isl.  of  the  Mediterranean,  4  m.  W. 
Corfu. 

Samotraki,  or  Samondraki,  isl.  u*  the  Grecian 


66Q 


S  A  N 


archipelago.    It  has  a  spacious  harbor.    Lou.  25" 
39'E.  Lat.  40°18'N. 

Sanipoo,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Java. 
Loh.  112°  26'  E.  Lat.  8"  23'  S. 

Sampson,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  6,620, 
including  2,049  slaves.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 

Samptown,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  13  m.  S.  W. 
Elizabethtown. 

Samsoe,  isl.  Denmark,  between  North  Jutland 
and  Zealand.     Lon.  10"  30'  E.  Lat.  55"  56'  N. 

Samsoun,  seaport,  A.  Turkey,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Black  sea,  50  m.  N.  W.  Tocat,  100  N.  W.  Sivas. 
Lon.  36"  20'  E.  Lat  41"  4'  N. 

Samsoun  Kalasi,  t.  Natolia,  16  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mi- 
lets. 

Samulcotta,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Rajamundry,  24  m. 
E.  Rajamundry. 

Samuma,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Oade,  15  m.  N.  E. 
Goorackpour. 

Samura,  t.  Persia,  in  Schirvan,  on  the  Caspian 
sea,  15  m.  S.  Derbend. 

San,  r.  Poland,  which  runs  into  the  Vistnla,  at 
Sandomirz. 

San,  or  Tanah,  t.  Egypt,  29  m.  S.  E.  Damietta. 
Lon.  32"  7' E.  Lat.  30"  55' N. 

San  Giuliano,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Mazara, 
2  m.  S.  E.  Trapani. 

San  Roque,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  3  m.  N.  Gibral- 
tar. 

Sana,  city,  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  at  the  foot  of 
Mount  Nikkum,  on  which  are  still  to  be  seen  the 
ruins  of  a  castle.  Great  quantities  of  grapes  arei 
dried  here;  and  the  exportation  of  raisins  is  con- 
siderable. 128  m.  N.  N.  E.  Mocha.  Lon.  44"  9' 
E.  Lat.  15"  21' N. 

Sana,  or  Zana,  t.  Pera,  80  m.  N.  Truillo. 
Sanajir,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  408  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Jidda.     Lon.  45"  E.  Lat.  27°  45'  N. 

Sanasbygotta,  t.  Bengal,  68  m.  N.  E.  Parneah. 
148  N.  Moorghedabad.  Lon.  88"  28'  E.  Lat.  26" 
38' N. 

Sanborniown,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
point  of  land  between  Winnipiseogee  and  Pemi- 
gewasset  rivers,  20  m.  N.  Concord.  It  contains  3 
churches,  2  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Congregation- 
aJists.     Pop.  2,884. 

Sancerre,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  12  m.  N.  E.  Bour- 
ges,  24  N.  N.  W.  Nevers.  Lon.  2°  55'  E.  Lat.47" 
20'  N. 

Sancian,  or  Chang-tehuen-chan,  isl.  near  the 
coast  of  China,  where  the  celebrated  Francis 
Xavier  lies  buried.    40  m.  S.  VV.  Macao. 

Sancoins,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  13  m.  S.  W.  Ne- 
vers, 25  S.  E.  Bourges.   Lon.  3"  E.  Lat.  46°  50'  N. 
Sancoiy  Head,  the  E.  point  of  Nantucket  island. 
Lon,  69"  58'  W.  Lat.  41"  16'  N. 

Sand  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  east  coast  of 
Madagascar.    Lon.  50"  40'  E.  Lat.  12"  40'  S. 

Sanda,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland.  Lon. 
5"33'W.  Lat.  55"  22' N. 

Sandakan  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo, 
ton.  1 18"  20'  E.  Lat.  5"  42'  N. 

Sandal,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Olonetz,  about  24 
miles  long  and  1  broad,  48  m.  N.  Petrozavodsk. 

Sandarlik,  t.  Natolia,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Sandarlik,  4  m.  S.  Pcrgamo.  Lon.  26"  55'  E. 
Lat.  38"  56' N. 

Sandau,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbfe,  48  m.  N.  N.  E.  Magdeburg. 

Sanday,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands,  12  miles 
long.     Lon.  2"  30' W.  Lat.  59"  7' N. 
Sandbach^  t.  England,  in  Cheshire,  11  m.  S.  E. 


SAN 

Northwitch,  161  N.  W.  London.    Lon.  2'  32'  W. 
Lat.  53"  12' N. 

Sandbay,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi, between  the  Illinois  and  Rock  rivers. 

Sandejioerd,  seaport,  Norway,  in  Christiana,  6 
m.  S.  Tonsberg. 

Sandel  Bosch,  or  Sundana  Island,  isl.  in  the  E, 
Indian  sea,  about  80  miles  from  E.  to  W.  and  from 
15  to  36  broad.  Lon.  119"  33'  to  120"  E.  Lat.  9" 
35' to  10"  15' S. 

Sander's,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ken.  2i  m.  from  Lex- 
ington. 

Sanderson'' s  Hope,  cape  on  the  coast  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, in  Davis's  straits.  Lon.  67°  W.  Lat.  66° 
20' N. 

Sandersville,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Geo. 
26  m.  E.  Milledgeville. 

Sandford,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N.  York. 

Sandgate,  small  place  of  England,  in  Kent,  1 1 
m.  S.  Dover,  73  E.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  10'  E. 
Lat.  61"  15'  N. 

Sandgate,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  20  m.  N.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  1,187. 

Sandhamn,  seaport,  Sweden,  where  all  vessels 
to  and  from  Stockholm  are  examined  ;  10  m.  E. 
Stockholm. 

Sandisjield,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S.  E. 
Lenox.  Pop.  1,648.  It  is  now  united  to  South- 
field. 

Sandiston,  t.  Sussex  coi  N.  J.  on  the  Delaware, 
1 1  m.  above  Walpack.     Pop.  703. 

Sand  lake,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  E.  Al- 
bany. 

Sandoe,  one  of  the  Faroer  islands,  in  the  North 
sea,  about  10  miles  long  and  5  broad.  Lon.  6°  40' 
W.  Lat.  61"  35'  N. 

Sandomir,  or  Sandomirz,  t.  Austrian  states,  in 
Galicia,  near  the  Vistula.  Its  delightful  situation 
rendered  it  the  favourite  residence  of  Casimirthe 
Great,  and  other  kings  of  Poland.  It  is  well  for- 
tified, both  by  nature  and  art.  80  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Cracow,  95  N.  W.  Lemberg.  Lon.  21"  50'  E. 
Lat.  .50"  33'  N. 

Sandoran,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  12"  16'  E.  Lat.  63"  30'  N. 

Sandown,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  23  m.  W. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  504. 

Sandown  Bay,  bay  of  the  English  channel,  oij. 
the  E.  coast  of  the  isle  of  Wight. 

Sand's  point,  the  N.  extremity  of  Cow  neck,  in 
North  Hempstead,  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Here 
is  a  light-house. 

Sandvliel,  or  Santvliet,  t.  Brabant,  11m.  N.  N. 
W.  Antwerp,  25  S.  W.  Breda. 

Sandusky,  r,  Ohio,  which  after  a  N.  W.  course 
of  80  miles,  runs  into  Sandusky  bay  in  lake  Erie. 
It  is  navigable  throughout  its  course.  The  port- 
age between  this  river  and  the  Scioto  is  only  4 
miles. 

Sandusky  bay,  a  large  bay  of  Ohio,  setting  up 
from  lake  Erie  in  a  westerly  direction,  about  20 
miles,  having  a  width  of  3  or  4  miles. 

Sandusky,  co.  Ohio,  around  Sandusky  bay,  form- 
ed in  1820,  in  the  Indian  reservation. 

Sanduskrj,  t.  Sandusky  co.  Ohio,  on  Sandusky 
river,  opposite  Croghansville. 

Sandusky,  city,  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  Sandusky  bay,  2  m.  from  lake  Erie,  25  N.  E. 
Croghansville,  70  N.  E.  Columbus,  240  W.  Buf- 
falo. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  from  its  advan- 
tageous position  bids  fair  to  become  a  place  of  im- 
portance. The  steam-boat  touches  at  this  placcj 
on  its  passage  betweea  Buffalo  and  Detroit. 


$  A  N 

Sandusky,  Lower,  and  Upper.  See  Fort  Ferret 
and  Fort  Stephenson. 

Sandwich,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  14  m.  N.  Dover,  67  E.  Lon- 
don. Lon.  r  20'  E.  Lat.  51"  16'  N.     Pop.  6,506. 

Sandwich,  t.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  Up.  Canada,  on 
Detroit  river,  2  m.  below  Detroit.  It  is  built 
principally  on  a  single  street,  and  contains  2 
churches,  1  for  Catholics,  and  1  for  Episcopa- 
lians. 

Sandwich,  p-t.  Stratford  co.  N.  H.  41  m.  N. 
Concord.     Pop.  2,232. 

Sandwich,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on  the 
coast,  12  m.  X.  W.  Barnstable,  60  S.  Boston.  Pop. 
2, 382,     Here  is  an  academy. 

Sandwich  Gulf,  a  lai-ge  bay  at  the  S.  E.  extrem- 
ity of  Florida. 

Sajidicich  Island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides, 
about  80  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  168"  35' 
E.  Lat.  17°  40' S. 

Sandwich  Island,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  New 
Ireland.  Lon.  149"  15' E.  Lat  3"  5' S. 

Sandwich  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the 

North  Pacific  ocean,  discovered  by  Capt.  Cook, 

and  Capt  King  in  1778.     Thev  lie  between  18" 

50'  and  22°  20'  N.  lat.  and  between  154°  55'  and 

160°  15' W  lon.     They  are  extended  in  a  direc- 

[     tion  W.  N.  W.  and  E.  S.  E.  Owhyhee  beiug  the 

I     southeastern  island,  and  Oneehow  the  northwcst- 

I     ern.     The  length,   breadtli,  sq.  miles,  and  osti- 

I     mated  population  of  each  is  given  in  the  following 

i     table : 

■population 
150,000 
65,000 


$    A   N 


66'? 


length. 

breadth 

sq.  miles 

97 

78 

4,000 

48 

29 

600 

11 

8 

60 

17 

9 

110 

40 

9 

170 

46 

23 

520 

33 

28 

520 

20 

7 

80 

1 

* 

6,000 

20,000 
36,000 
60,000 
54,000 
10,500 
uuinhab. 


Owhyhee 

Mowee 

Taboorowa 

Ranai 

Morotoi 

Woahoo 

Atooi 

Oneehow 

Tahoora 

Total  6,000        400,000 

The  following  distances  of  the  different  islands 
from  each  other  are  estimated  from  the  nearest 
parts  of  one  island  to  the  nearest  parts  of  the  oth- 
er. Mowee  is  N.  W.  of  Owhyhee,  30  miles : 
Morotoi  W.  N.  W.  of  Mowee,  10;  from  Owhy- 
hee, 75  :  Tahoorowa,  S.  W.  of  the  southern  part 
of  Mowee,  7  ;  from  Owhyhee,  38 :  Ranai,  W.  of 
Mowee,  9 ;  and  the  same  distance  S.  of  Morotoi : 
Woahoo,  W.  N.W.  of  Morotoi,  27;  from  Owhy- 
hee, 130:  Atooi,  W,  N.  W.  of  Woahoo,  75  ;  from 
Owhyhee,  250  :  Oneehow,  W.  S.  W.  of  Atooi,  17; 
from  Owhyhee,  290 :  Tahoora,  little  more  than 
a  rock,  S.  W.  of  Oneehow,  23.  The  distance  from 
the  eastern  point  of  Owhyhee  to  the  N.  W.  side  of 
Oneehow  is  about  390  miles. 

The  natives  of  these  islands  are  generally  well 
made,  and  above  the  middle  size ;  their  complex- 
ion is  rather  darker  than  that  of  the  Otaheiteans. 
During  the  short  time  since  they  became  ac- 
quainted with  Europeans,  they  have  made  the 
most  rapid  improvement  in  civilization.  Several 
Europeans  have  settled  in  the  islands,  and  com- 
municated the  knowledge  of  some  of  the  useful 
arts.  The  worship  of  idols,  and  the  sacrifice  of 
human  victims  were  formerly  universally  preva- 
lent, and  so  deeply  rooted  were  these  pagan  cus- 
toms, that  theh*  convers.ion  to  Christianity  was 


pronoanced  hopeless,  A.  most  astonishing  change, 
however,  has  recently  taken  place.  In  1819,  the 
go  •-;rament  and  the  people  almost  unanimously- 
determined  to  abandon  their  idols,  and  to  commit 
them  with  all  the  monumsnts  of  idolatry  to  the 
tlames.  This  wax  done  at  Owhyhee;  then  at 
Woahoo,  and  then  at  Atooi,  without  the  least  op-- 
position.  Tamoree,  king  of  Atoo',  expressed  a 
strong  desire  that  missionaries  should  come  and 
teach  the  people  to  read  and  write.  The  princi- 
pal means  which  Providence  used  to  bring  about 
this  surprising  revolution,  was  the  continually  re- 
peated rumor  of  what  had  been  done  in  the  Society 
islands,  and  the  continually  repeated  assurance 
of  our  sea-captains  and  sailors,  that  the  whole 
system  of  idolatry  was  foolish  and  stupid.  Before 
the  news  of  this  revolution  reached  America,  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions,  had  resolved  to  establish  a  mission  in 
these  islands,  and  the  missionaries  had  already 
embarked  at  Boston.  The  whole  number  of  per- 
sons; constituting  the  mission  was  22,  viz.  2  or- 
dained missionaries,  2  catechists  and  schoolmas^ 
ters,  a  farmer,  a  printer,  and  their  wives  and  fam- 
ilies, together  with  3  natives  of  the  Sandwich  isl- 
ands, who  had  been  educated  at  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sion school  in  Cormvall,  Connecticut.  Accom- 
panying the  mission  also  was  George  Tamoree, 
son  of  the  king  of  Atooi,  who  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Foreign  Mission  school.  Upon  the  ar- 
rival of  the  missionaries  at  the  islands  they  were 
favourably  received,  and  their  prospects  of  use- 
fulness are  very  encouraging. 

Sandwich  River,  or  Haiike''s  River,  r.  Nova> 
Scotia,  which  runs  into  Chebucto  bay. 

Sandwich  Land,  name  given  by  Capt.  Cook  to 
the  most  southevly.  land  in  the  S.  Atlantic  ooean; 
otherwise  called  Southern  Thnle.  Lat,  59°  30'  S, 

Sandi/,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  45  m.  W.  S.  W.  Kai- 
rabad.  Lon.  81"  22'  E.  Lat.  27°  17'  N, 

Sandy,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1819,  460. 

Sandy  Cove,  lies  N.  W.  of  Cape  Ann,  Maag, 
Lon.  70"  SO'  W.  Lat.  42"  45'  N, 

Sandy  Creek,  r.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  which  rurfs 
into  Lake  Otario  in  the  town  of  Murray. 

Sandy  Creek,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa,     Pop.  327. 

Sandy  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Nimis- 
hillen  creek,  5  miles  above  its  junction  with  the 
Muskingum. 

Sandy  Creek,  r,  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio  between  Saline  river  and  Fort  Massac. 

Sandy  Fork,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va, 

Sandy  Hill,  p-v.  Kingsbury  township,  in  Wash- 
ington CO.  N.  Y.  is  a  handsome  compact  village, 
on  a  high  sandy  plain,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hud- 
son, near  Baker's  falls,  52  m.  N.  of  Albany.  It  is 
near  the  point  where  the  Champlain  canal  meets 
the  Hudson,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
The  courts  of  Washington  co.  are  alternately 
held  here  and  at  Salem. 

Sandy  Hook,  in  INIiddleton,  N,  J.  25  m.  S.  New- 
York.  Lon.  74°  2'  W.  Lat.  40°  30'  N.  Here  is  a 
light-house.  Within  the  hook  is  a  safe  and  ca|fflt- 
cious  harbour, 

Sandy  Hook,  p-v,  Culpeper  co.  ^^a. 

Sandy  Inlet,  channel  between  two  small  islands 
near  the  coast  of  North  Carolina.  Lon.  77"34'W. 
Lat.  34°  29'  N. 

Sandy  Island,  isl.  in  the  East  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
112°48'E.  Lat  10"  40' N. 

Sandy  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra. ■  Lon.  100°  1 8'  E.  Lat,  1"  50'  S. 


esB 


SAN 


Sandi/  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  Chinese 
sea.  Lon.  116"  40'  E.  Lat.  10"^  45'  N. 

^andy  Lake,  t,  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  403. 

Sandy  Lake,  lake  in  N.  W.  Territory,  about  12 
miles  in  circumference,  communicating  with  the 
Mississippi  by  Sandy  Laie  river,  which  is  2  miles 
long,  30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  boatable. 
On  the  S.  shore  of  the  lake,  near  its  outlet,  is  a 
fort  erected  by  the  N.  \V.  Fur  Campany  in  1794, 
and  now  in  possession  of  the  American  S.  W. 
Company.  The  elevation  of  the  lake  above  lake 
Superior,  is  estimated  by  Schoolcraft  at  more 
than  500  feet.  It  receives  West  Savannah  river, 
from  which  there  is  a  portage  of  6  miles  to  the 
East  Savannah  flowing  into  St.  Louis  river.  This 
is  the  usual  route  of  communication  between  the 
Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi. 

Sandy  Point,  the  N.  point  of  Nantucket  island, 
Mass.  Lon.  70"  VV.  Lat.  41°  23'  N. 

Sandy  Point,  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Barnstable 
CD.  Mass.  Lon.  69"  35'  W.  Lat.  41"  24'  N. 

Sandy  River,  r.  Maine,  which  runs  N.  E.  and 
joins  the  Kennebeck  in  Starks,  6  m.  above  Nor- 
ridgewock. 

Sandy  River,  Kentucky.     See  Big  Sandy, 

Sandy  Spring,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Sandy  Spring,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

Sandy  Store,  p-v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Sncn,  or  Sana,  or  Same,  r.  Switz.  which  mm 
into  the  Aar,  7  m.  VV.  Berne. 

Saiien,  or  Gessenay,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  24  m. 
S.  Friburg,  23  E.  S.  E.  Lausanne. 

Sanford,  t.  York  co.  jMaine,  20  m.  N.  of  York. 
Pop.  1,492. 

Sangaar,  Straits  of,  narrow  channel  of  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  between  the  island  of  Jesso  and  Japan. 

Sangallan,  small  isl.  and  capte  on  the  coast  of 
Peru.  Lat.  13°  45'  S. 

Sangam,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  on  the  Pen- 
nar,  24  m.  W.  N.  W,  Nellore. 

Sangam,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  on  the  right 
bank  ol  the  Godavery,  32  m.  E.  Kondur. 

Sangama,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic near  Cape  Formosa. 

Sangamoin,  r.  Illinois,  which  falls  into  Illinois 
river  from  the  E.     It  is  navigable  150  miles. 

Sangboy,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Min- 
danao. Lon.  121"  40'  E.  Lat.  6"  52'  N. 

Sangerfield,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  Piscata- 
quis river. 

Sangerfield,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  by 
"VV.  Utica.  Pop.  1,324.  Here  is  a  printing  office, 
at  which  a  weekly  newspaper  is  published. 

Sangcrsfiausen,  t.  Frusian  States,  in  Saxony, 
near  the  Hartz  Forest,  44  m.  W,  Leipsic,  35  N. 
Erfurt.  Lon.  41"  25'  E.  Lat.  51°  20'  N.  Pop. 
5,100. 

SangerviUe,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N. 
W.  Bangor. 

Sanghin,  t.  France,  in  North,  5  m.  S.  E.  Lille. 

Sangir,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  about  24  miles 
long  and  8  broad.  Lon.  125"  21'  E.  Lat.  3" 
36' N. 

Sangori,  or  Sancori,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Siam,  20 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  99"  54'  E.  Lat. 
10°  16'  N. 

Sangro,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Adriat- 
ic, in  lat.  42"  18' N. 

Sangutsa,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the  river  Ar- 
agon,  anciently  called  Iturissa,  11  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Pamplona,  51  N.  W.  Saragossa.  Lon.  1"  25'  W. 
Lat.  42"  29'  N. 


SAN 

Sajiguin,  or  Zanwjn,  v.  Africa,  on  the  Grairv 
coast.  Lon.  9"  5'  W.  Lat.  5"  22'  N. 

Sanguinera,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipe- 
lago. Lon.  27°  10'"  E.  Lat.  36"  51'  N. 

Sanjalli,  or  Joally,  kingdom,  Africa,  extending 
30  miles  along  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Gambia. 

Sankar,  mountainous  province  of  Thibet,  be- 
tween 79"  and  81°  E.  lon.  and  34"  N.  lat. 

Sanne,  or  Senne,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  3  m.  from  Dieppe. 

Sanore,  country,  Hind,  to  the  S.  of  Visiapour, 
about  120  miles  long,  and  70  broad. 

Sanore,  t.  and  fort.  Hind,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Toom,  110  m.  S.  Visiapour,  200  N.  N.  W.  Serin- 
gapatam.  Lon.  75"  50'  E.  Lat.  15"  40'  N. 

Sanquhar,  t.  Scotland,  in  Dumfries  co.  on  the 
Nith,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Dumfries,  45  S.  S.  E.  Glas- 
gow. Lon.  4°  2'  W.  Lat.  55"  25'  N.     Pop.  2,350. 

Sansanding,  t.  W.  Africa,  in  Bambara,  on  the 
Niger,  25  m.  N.  E.  Sego. 

Sansego,  small  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  14°  36" 
E.    Lat.  44"  45' N. 

Sansonate,  or  La  Trinidad,  s-p.  Guatimala,  120 
m.  S.  E.  Guatimala. 

San  Souci,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
near  Potsdam,  where  the  king  of  Prussia  has  a 

Santa,  t.  Peru,  210  m.  N.  N.  W.  Lima,  70  S.  S, 
E.  Truxillo.  Lon.  78"  48'  W.  Lat.  9"  3'  S. 

Santa,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Yun- 
nan, 1,332  m.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  107"36'E.  Lat. 
24°  40'  N. 

Santa  Barbara,  s-p.  and  Spanish  settlement,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  N.  America.  Lat.  34°  24'  N. 

Santa  Barbara  de  Timbiqui,  t.  New  Grenada, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Plata,  30  m.  N.  W. 
Barbacoa.  Lat.  2"  12'  N. 

Santa  Clara,  one  of  the  smaller  Canary  islands, 
Lon.  13°  22'  W.  Lat.  29°  35'  N. 

Santa  Cruz,  s-p.  Morocco,  in  Sus.  It  was  long; 
the  centre  of  an  extensive  commerce,  which  is 
now  transferred  to  Mogadon  TJie  port  is  large 
and  very  secure.  Lon.  9"  30'  W.  Lat.  30"  28'  N. 

Santa  Crus,  s-p.  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Teneriffe.  Lon.  16"  30'  W.  Lat.  28°  30'  x\. 

Santa  Cruz,  r.  Patagonia,  which  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  in  lat.  50°  25'  S. 

Santa  Cruz,  s-p.  Cuba,  50  m.  E.  Havanna.  Lon. 
81"  5' W.  Lat.  23"  11' N. 

Santa  Cruz,  one  of  the  Caribbee  islands,  in  the 
W.  Indies,  belonging  to  Denmark,  24  miles  long, 
and  9  broad.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  highly  cul- 
tivated. Exports  in  1810,  89,949/.  Imports, 
422,033/.  Lon.  64°  35'  W.  Lat.  17°  45'  N.  Pop. 
3,000  whites,  and  30,000  slaves. 

Santa  Cruz,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  50 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  240°  43'  E.  Lat. 
34°  7'  N. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  la  JVueva,  t.  and  cap. 
of  a  province,  in  the  vicerovalty  of  Buenos  Ayres. 
Lon.  65"  10'  W.  Lat.  17"  30'  S. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  province  of  the  vicfe- 
royalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  bounded  N.  by  Moxes, 
E.  by  Chiquitos,  S.  by  Chaco,  and  W.  by  La 
Plata. 

Santa  Fe,  province.  New  Grenada,  named 
from  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota,  the  capital. 

Santa  Fe,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  at  the  conflux  oi 
the  Salado  with  the  Paraguay.  Lon.  60°  W.  Lat. 
31°  50'  S'- 

Santa  Fe,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  6  m.  N.  W. 
Grenada,  35  S.  Jaen. 
Santa  Fe,  city,  N.  America,  and  cap.  of  NcwMex 


SAO 

ico ;  tlie  see  of  a  bishop,  and  residence  of  a  gov- 
ernor, is  on  a  small  river  which  runs  into  the  del 
Norte.  1,131  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mexico,  1,020  N.  W, 
New-Orleans.  Lou.  108°  48'  W.  Lat.  36°  50'  N. 
Pop    4,500. 

Santa  Fe  d'Antioquia,  t.  New  Grenada,  in  Po- 
payan,  on  the  river  Cauca,  280  m.  N.  Popayan. 
Lon.  74"  36'  W.  Lat.  6°  48'  N. 

Santa  Fe  de  Bogota,  city  and  cap.  of  New  Gre- 
nada, on  a  branch  of  the  Magdalena.  Lon.  74°  7' 
W.  Lat.  5°  24'  N.     Pop.  40,000. 

Santa  Maria,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Chili. 
Lon.  73°  31'  W.  Lat.  37"  10'  S. 

Santa  Maria,  the  most  southerly  of  the  Azore 
inlands,  in  the  Atlantic,  about  30  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Lon.  25°  9'  W.  Lat.  36°  57'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Santa  Maria.     See  St.  Maria. 

Santander,  seaport,  Spain,  in  Asturia  ;  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  The  harbor  is  lar^e  and  well  fortifi- 
«d.  73  m.  N.  Burgos.  Lon.  3°  49' W.  Lat.  43° 
27' N. 

SantaniUa,  or  Swan  Islands,  2  small  islands  in 
tile  bay  of  Honduras.  Lon.  83°  50'  W.  Lat.  17° 
20'  N. 

Santaren,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Tagus,  defended  by  a  citadel.  It  contains  13 
churches,  13  convents,  and  several  hospitals.  38 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Lisbon,  24  S.  W.  Thomar.  Lon.  8° 
48'  W.  Lat.  39"  15'  N.    Pop.  8,000. 

Santee  River,  the  principal  river  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Congaree  and 
Wateree,  about  25  miles  S.  E.  of  Columbia.  It 
runs  S.  E.  and  falls  into  the  ocean  by  two  mouths, 
in  lat.  33°  12'  N.  It  is  navigable  at  some  seasons 
to  Morgantown,  N.  Carolina,  on  the  Wateree 
branch  ;  and  on  tlie  Congaree,  steam-boats  as- 
cend as  far  as  Columbia.  There  is  a  canal,  22 
miles  long,  connecting  the  Santee  with  Cooper 
river,  by  which  the  produce  of  a  large  section  of 
this  State,  and  of  a  part  of  N.  Carolina,  is  carried 
to  the  city  of  Charleston. 

Santiago.     See  Composfclla. 

Santillana,  t.  Spain,  in  Asturia,  near  the  coast 
of  the  bay  of  Biscay,  1 1  m.  S.  W,  Santander,  82  E. 
Oviedo.  Lon.  4"  2' W.  Lat  43°  23' N. 

Santo  Spiritu.     See  Spiritu  Santo. 

Sanlorin,  or  Santorini,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  arch- 
ipelago, (an.  Thera,  and  Caliste,)  8  or  10  miles  in 
circumference.  The  trade  of  the  island  consists 
principally  in  wine.  In  proportion  to  its  extent 
it  is  the  richest  and  most  populous  island  in  the 
iEgian  sea.  Lon.  23°  36'  E.  Lat.  36°  28'  N. 

Santos,  t.  and  bav  of  Brazil,  35  m.  S.  S.  E.  St. 
Pau.  Lon.  46°  26'  W.  Lat.  24"  S. 

Saona,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Hispaniola,  18 
miles  long,  and  3  broad.  Lon.  69°  42'  W.  Lat. 
18°  8'  N. 

Saone,  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Vosges,  passes 
by  Chatillon,  Auxonne,  Verdun,  Chalons,  &c.  and 
joins  the  Rhone  at  Lyons. 

Saone,  (Upper,)  a  department  of  France,  boun- 
ied  N.  by  Vosges,  E.  by  Upper  Rhine,  S,  by 
Doubs  and  Jura,  and  W.by  Cote  d' Or  and  Upper 
Marne.     Vezoul  is  the  capital. 

Saon-and-Loire,  a  department  of  France, 
bounded  N.  by  Cote  d'Or,  E.  by  Jura,  S.  by  Ain 
and  Rhone-and-Loire,  and  W.  by  Allier  and  Nie- 
Tre.     Macon  is  the  capital. 

Saorgio,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  summit  of  a  rock, 
yci  a  peninsula  between  the  rivers  Roia  and  Ben- 
flola,  17  m.  N.  E.  Nice,  6  S.  Tenda.     Pop.  4,000. 

%tovktra,  t.  Thibet,  70  m.  N.  N.  W.  Sirina?ur. 


S  A  R 


669 


Sapacvri,  t.  Africa,  in  Sierra  Leone.  Lon.  12° 
25'  W.  Lat.  10°  45'  N. 

Sapadillas,  2  small  islands  near  the  coast  of  Ve- 
raguay.     Lon.  81°  55'  W.  Lat.  9°  N. 

Sapata,  or  Pulo  Sapafa,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian 
sea.     Lon.  109"  10'  E.  Lat.  10°  N. 

Sapelo,  small  isl,  off  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Alatamaha. 

Saphey  Tiie^,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  88°  40'  W.  Lat.  17°  10'  N. 

Sapienza,  3  small  islands  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  coast  of  the  Morea,  opposite  Modon.  The 
circumjacent  sea  is  called  the  Sea  of  Sapienza. 
Lon.  21°  34'  E.  Lat.  46°  53'  N. 

Sappar,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Nassau.     Lon.  99°  45'  E.  Lat.  2°  55'  S. 

Sappo,  t.  Africa,  in  Yani,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Gambia.     Lon.  14°  5'  W.  Lat.  13°  30'  N. 

Sapy,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Cumbava.     Lon.  1 1 9°  18'  E.  Lat.  8°  33'  S, 

Sapy,  Straits  of,  a  narrow  channel  between  the 
islands  of  Cumbava  andCommodo. 

Sara  bayou,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows  into  the 
Mississippi  a  little  above  Point  Coupee. 

Sar  Louis,  or  Sar  Libre,  t.  France,  in  Mo- 
selle, on  the  Saare,  15  posts  N.  W.  Strasburg,  6  E. 
N.  E.  Metz.     Lon.  6°  50'  E.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. 

Sarahville,  t.  and  cap.  Pope  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Ohio,  35  m.  below  Shawneetown,  1 10  from  Kas- 
kaskias. 

Saragossa,  or  Zaragossa,  city,  Spain,  and  cap. 
of  Aragon,  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  is  in  a  fertile, 
plain  on  the  Ebro.  The  city  is  large  and  hand- 
some, the  streets  are  long  and  broad,  but  dirty  and 
ill  paved.  It  contains  17  large  churches  with  14 
convents,  besides  smaller.  The  collegiate  church 
of  Our  Lady  of  the  Pillar,  is  the  most  remarkable 
edifice,  both  for  its  supposed  miraculous  image, 
and  also  for  its  valuable  treasure.?.  This  city  is 
rendered  famous  for  its  desperate  resistance  to  the 
French.  It  was  forced  to  surrender  January 
21,  1809.  130  m.  W.  N.  W.  Barcelona,  160  N.  E. 
Madrid.  Lon.  0°  48'  W.  Lat.  41°  44'  N.  Pop.- 
42,000. 

Sarak,  small  isl.  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  140  m.  W. 
OrmuE. 

Saranac,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain  at  Plattsburg,  after  a  course  of  65  miles. 

Saransk,  t.  Russia,  in  Penza,  48  m.  N.  Penzi«. 
Lon.  45"  14'  E.  Lat.  54"  15'  N. 

Saraput,  t.  Russia,  in  ViatkSi,  132  m.  S.  S,  E, 
Viatka.     Lon.  62°  26'  E.  Lat.  56°  32'  N. 

Saraquino,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipela- 
go.    Lon.  24"  4'  E.  Lat.  39"  27'  N. 

Saratoga,  co.  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties 
of  Warren,  Washington,  Rensselaer,  Albany, 
Schenectady,  Montgomery,  and  Hamilton.  Pop, 
33,147.     Chief  town,  Ballston. 

Saratoga,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Hudson,  12  m.  N.  E.  Ballston,  31  N.  Alba- 
ny. It  is  memorable  for  the  surrender  of  Bur- 
goyne  with  his  whole  array  consisting  of  5,791  ef- 
fective men,  to  General  Gates,  Oct.  I7th  1777. 
In  1818,  the  old  town  of  Saratoga  was  divided. 
The  east  part  containing  the  celebrated  battle 
ground  retains  the  original  name  o{  Saratoga.  The 
west  part,  containing  the  mineral  waters,  is  called 
Saratoga  Springs.  There  is  a  post  office  in  each 
town. 

Saratoga  Springs,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
W.  of  the  Hudson,  7  N.  N.  E.  Ballston,  32  N.  Al- 
bany. The  celebrated  mineral  springs  of  Sarato- 
ga are  spread  ovi:  a  tract  of  about  12  miles  in  ex  , 


670 


S  A  R 


tent,  la  Saratoga  co.  and  are  called  by  a  variety  of 
local  names.  The  most  noted  are  those  of  Ball- 
ston  and  Saratov,  which  are  superior  to  any 
others  in  America.  The  names  of  the  principal 
springs  in  Sarato2:a  are  Rock  Sprin?,  Congress 
Spring,  and  Columbia  Spring.  Rock  Spring  con- 
tains carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  soda,  nmriate  of 
soda,  super-carbonated  lime,  and  a  carbonate  of 
iron.  These  springs,  during  the  summer  months, 
are  the  resort  of  the  gay  and  fashionable,  as  well 
as  of  invalids,  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Large  houses  for  entertainment,  with  neat  bathing 
houses,  are  erected  for  the  convenience  of  visi- 
tors. The  waters  afford  relief  in  many  obstinate 
diseases. 

Saratoga,  lake,  in  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  W. 
Stillwater.  It  is  9  miles  long  and  2^  broad,  and 
■discharges  its  waters  through  the  Fishkill  into 
Hudson  river. 

Saratov,  t.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  the  government 
of  Saratovskoi.  392  m.  S.  E,  Moscow,  732  S.  E. 
Petersburg.     Lon.  45°  44'  E.  Lat.  51"  30'  N. 

Saratovskoi,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Tambov,  Penza,  and  Simbirsk  ;  E.  by  Uphinskoi 
and  Caucasus  ;  S.  by  Caucasus  and  the  country 
of  the  Cossacs,  and  W.  by  Tambov  and  Veronez. 
Lon.  40°  to  52°  E.  Lat.  47"  40'  to  53°  N. 

Sarburg,  Sarreburg,  or  Sarbruck,  t.  France,  in 
Meurte,  33  m.  E„  Nancy,  22  N.  E.  Luneville. 
Lon.  7°  8'  E.  Lat.  48°  44'  N. 

Sarca,  t.  Tyrol,  15  m.  W.  Trent. 

Sarchad,  t.  Syria,  in  the  country  beyond  Jor- 
<Ian,  45  ni.  S.  S.  E.  Damascus,  90  N.  E.  Jerusa- 
lem. 

Sardam,  or  Saenredam,  s-p.  Holland,  supposed 
to  have  the  greatest  magazines  of  timber  for  ships 
and  naval  stores  in  the  world  15  m.  S.  Alcraaer, 
5  N.  Amsterdam.     Pop.  10,012. 

Sardinia,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  about  140 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  60  from  E.  to  W.  It 
produces  fruit  of  all  sorts,  and  cattle  in  abundance, 
but  owing  to  its  many  morasses,  the  air  is  rendered 
very  unwholesome,  and  on  this  account  it  was  that 
the  ancient  Romans  made  it  a  place  of  banishment. 
Extent,  9,200  square  miles.  Pop.  520,000.  It 
forms  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia.  Cagliari 
is  the  capital. 

Sardinia,  kingdom  of,  composed  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  Piedmont,  including  the  county  of  Nice, 
the  Duchy  of  Montferrat,  part  of  the  duchy  of  Mi- 
lan, Territory  of  the  ci-de-vant  republic  of  Genoa 
and  Savoy  ;  The  whole  containing  27,400  square 
miles,  and  3,994,000  inhabitants.  The  continen- 
tal part  is  bounded  N.  by  Switzerland,  E.  by  Aus- 
trian Italy  and  Parma ;  S.  by  the  Mediterranean, 
and  W.  by  France.  The  government  is  an  abso- 
lute monarchy,  and  the  revenue  is  computed  at 
1,500,000/. 

Sarecto,  t.  and  cap.  Duplin  co.  N.  C.  on  the  N. 
E.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  130  m.  above  Wil- 
mington. It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and 
about  20  houses. 

Sarepta,  t.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  8  m.  S.  Tzaritzin. 
The  United  Brethren  have  3  Missionaries  here. 

Sarfend,  or  Sharfend,  t.  Palestine,  8  m»  S.  Sai- 
da. 

Sargans,  t.  Swisserland,  and  cap.  of  a  small 
county  of  the  same  name,  45  m.  E.  S.  E.  Zurich, 
42  S.  Constance.     Lon.  9°  32'  E.  Lat.  47°  1'  N. 

Sargel,  s-p.  Africa.  Lon.  2°  15'  W.  Lat.  36* 
30' N. 

Surgtiemine,  t  France,  in  Moselle,  near  the 


S  A  R 

Sarre,  3  posts  S.  W.  Deux  Ponts,  9i  E.  Metz.  Lot, 
7°  11' E.  Lat.  49°  8' N. 

Sari,  t.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  25  m.  S.  W. 
Feerhabad.     Lon.  52°  58'  E.  Lat.  35°  35'  N. 

Sariena,  t.  Spain,  in  Aragon,  16  m.  S.W.  Bal- 
bastro. 

Sark,  r.  Scotland,  is  formed  of  two  branches, 
the  White  and  Black,  and  runs  into  tlie  Eden,  4 
m.  below  Carlisle. 

Sark,  or  iSerA;,  small  isl.  in  the  English  channel, 
6  m,  E.  Guernsey,  on  which  it  is  dependent.  Lon. 
2°  44'  W.  Lat.  49°  27'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Sarlaf,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  30  m.  N.  W. 
Cahors,  27  S.  E.  Perigueux.  Lon.  1°  18'  E,  Lat. 
44°  53'  N.     Pop.  5,924. 

Sarny  Buck,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Wales,  17 
m.  N.  Aberystwith. 

Sarnen,  t.  Switz.  in  Underwalden,  9  m.  S;  Lu- 
cern. 

Sarno,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  the  see  of 
of  a  bishop,  10  ra.  N.  W.  Salerno,  16  E.  N.  E.  Na- 
ples.    Lon.  14°  35'  E.  Lat.  40°  48'  N. 

Sarp,  or  Sarpen,  t.  Norway,  in  Christiansand, 
10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Frederichstadt. 

Sarre,  or  Saar,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the 
Moselle  near  Treves. 

Sarre,  r.  Eng.  in  Kent,  which  runs  into  tho 
Stour,  forming  the  W.  boundary  of  the  island  oi 
Thanet. 

Sarreburg.     See  Saarburg  and  Sarburg. 

Sarsana,  or  Zarsana,  t.  and  fortress,  Genoa,  on 
the  Magra,  near  which  is  a  fort  in  the  mountains 
called  Sarzanello.  45  m.  E.  S.  E.  G  enoa,  60  N. 
W.  Florence.     Lon.  9°  54'  E.  Lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Sarsina,  or  Zarsina,  t.  Italy,  in  Genoa,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  11m,  W,  S.W.  Rimini,  127  N.  Rome. 

Sarskar,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  21°  3'  E.  Lat.  62°  1 9'  N. 

Sart,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  (an.  Sardis,)  the 
capital  of  Lydia.  Here  are  many  remnants  of 
massive  buildings.  It  is  at  present  inhabited  by 
some  Turks  and  a  few  Greeks.  30  m.  E.  N.  E, 
Smyrna. 

Sarta,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland  islands.  Lon. 
2°  4'  W.  Lat.  60°  37'  N. 

Sarte,  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Orne,  passes  by 
Alencon,  Beaumont,  le  Mans,  and  near  Angers  ie 
joined  by  the  Mayenne,  4  m.  below  which,  the 
united  streams  join  the  Loire.  It  is  navigable 
from  Le  Mans. 

Sarte,  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Orne,  E>  by  Eure-and-Loire,  and  Loire-and-Cher, 
S.  by  Indre-and-Loire  and  Mayenne-and-Loire, 
and  W.  by  Mayenne.     Le  Mans  is  the  capital. 

Sartine  Islands,  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  129°  18'  W.  Lat.  50°  56'  N. 

Sartoroe,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway. 
Lon.  60"  17' N. 

Sarvar,  t.  and  fort,  Htmgary,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Raab  and  Gunfcz,  48  ra.  S.  S.  E.  Vienna,  37  S. 
S.  E.  Presburg.     Lon.  17°  9'  E.  Lat.  47°  30'  N. 

Sarvits,  r.  Hungary,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube near  Mohacs. 

Sarvitza,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  30  m.  N. 
E.  Larissa.     Lon.  21°  58'  E.  Lat,  40°  3'  N. 

Sarnm,  (Old,)  borough,  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  an- 
ciently a  city  of  renown,  though  at  present  redu- 
ced to  one  house,  and  some  ruins  and  intrench- 
ments.  Two  members  are  yet  returned  to  parlia- 
ment by  the  proprietors  of  lands.  2  m  N.  Salis- 
burj'. 

Sarun,  circar,  Hind,  in  Babar,  boanded  S.  W. 


S  A  V 


S  A  V 


671 


by  the  Ganges,  and  W.  and  N.  W.  by  Oade. 
Chuprah  is  the  capital. 

Sarwerden,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  34  m.  N.  W. 
Strasburg. 

Sas  de  Ghent,  t.  and  fortress,  Flanders,  on  a  ca- 
nal made  from  Ghent  to  the  Scheldt,  25  m.  W. 
Antwerp,  10  N.  Ghent. 

Saseram,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  75  m,  S.  W.  Patna, 
55  S.  E.  Benares.    Lon.  84°  9'  E.  Lat.  24°  58'  N. 

Saskatchawine,  or  Sissiskatchwm,r.  N.  America, 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  North  and  South 
branch,  which  rise  in  the  Rocky  mountams  sev- 
eral hundred  miles  apart.  After  their  junction, 
the  river  takes  the  name  of  Saskatchawine,  and 
flows  into  the  N.  W.  part  of  Lake  Winnipec.  It 
is  200  fathoms  wide  at  its  mouth.  Cumberland 
house  stands  on  an  expansion  of  this  river,  called 
Sturgeon  lake.  On  the  S.  bran  h,  120  m.  above 
the  fork  is  another  fort  called  South  branch  fort. 

Sasram,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Siam,  near  the 
coast  of  Camboja.     Lon.  103"  48'  E.  Lat.  10°  N. 

Sassafras,  r.  which  rises  in  Delaware,  and  flow- 
ing W.  into  Maryland,  separates  Kent  and  Cecil 
counties,  and  falls  into  Chesapeake  bay. 

SassafraSjV.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  Sassafras  river,  17 
m.  S.  Elkton. 

Sassari,  city,  Sardinia,  on  the  Torres,  7  m.  from 
the  sea.  It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  88  m.  N. 
N.  VV.  Cagliari,  54  N.  Oristagni.  Lon.  8°  50'  E. 
Lat  40"  45'  N.     Pop.  30,000. 

Sasselo,  t.  Genoa,  10  m.  N.  Savona. 

Sassenagey  t.  France,  in  Isere,  3  ci.  E.  Greno- 
ble. 

Sassenberg,  t.  Germany,  12  m.  E.  Munster. 

Sasstiolo,  t.  Italy,  in  the  duchy  of  Modena,  on 
the  Secchia,  with  a  castle.  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mo- 
dena. 

Satadoo,  t.  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a  country  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Faleme,  and  S.  W.  of  Bambouk. 
Lon  9°  52'  W.  Lat.  12°  30'  N. 

Satalia,  or  Antalia,  s-p.  A.  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mania,  at  the  bottom  of  a  gulf  of  the  Mediterrane- 
an, to  which  it  gives  name.  It  is  strong  and  large. 
The  navigation  of  the  gulf  is  considered  as  dan- 
gerous. 134  m.  S.  Kiutja.  Lon.  30°  20'  E.  Lat. 
tJ7°  N. 

Satauket,  p-v.  in  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

Sater,  t.  Sweden,  in  Dalecarlia,  45  m.  S.  W. 
Geffle. 

Salgong,  or  Satagovg,  v.  Bengal,  on  the  river 
lloogly,  4  m.  N.  W.  Hoogly. 

Salilla,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  by  Jefferson  into  St. 
Andrew's  sound,  N.  of  Cumberland  island. 

Satilla,  Little,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, between  Turtle  river  and  the  Satilla. 

Satriano,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  the  see  of  a 
I  ishop,  7  m.  S.  W.  Acerenza. 

Satriano,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  8  m.  S. 
oquillace. 

Saitarah,  t.  Hind,  in  Visiapour,  77  m.  W.  Visia- 
I  our,  50  S.  Poonah.     Lon,  74°  8'  E.  Lat.  15°  46'  N. 

Saltimungulum,  t.  and  fort,  Hind.  33  ra.  N.  Co- 
j  iinbetore,  68  S.  S.  E.  Seringapatam.  Lon.  77°  12' 
E.  Lat.  11°  40' N. 

Satumess,  cape  on  the  S.  coa?t  of  Scotland. 
Lon.3"38'VV.  Lat.  54"57'N. 

Suva,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  180  m.  N.  W.  Ispahan, 
is  S.  Casbin.     Lon.  49°  10'  E.  Lat.  34°  54'  N. 

Savage,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the  Potomac,  21 
Bi.  above  Fort  Cumberland. 

Savage  Island,  isl.  in  the  South  Pacific  ocean,  33 
iriles  in  circtinofercncc.      Lon.  169°  37'  W.  Lat. 

19"  r  a 


Savage,  Upper,  id.  near  the  S.  shore  of  Hudson's 
straits,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  conti- 
nent.    Lon.  72°  VV.  Lat.  62°  N. 

Savage,  Lower,  isl.  in  Hudson's  straits.  Lon.  66° 
20'W.  Lat.  61°48N. 

Savan  Lake,  lake  oi  N.  America.  Lon.  90°  15' 
W.Lat.  50"20'N. 

Savannah,  r.  U.  S.  which  is  formed  by  the  unioO 
of  the  Tugaloo  and  Kiowee,  and  running  S.  E.  di- 
vides S.  Carolina  from  Georgia,  and  meets  the  At- 
lantic in  Tybee  Sound,  in  lat.  32°  N.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels  to  Savannah,  18  miles,  and 
for  boats  to  Augusta,  340  miles  further.  Above 
the  falls,  boats  can  go  60  miles  without  obstruc- 
tion. 

Savannah,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Chatham  co. 
Georgia,  on  a  high  sandy  bluff,  40  eet  above  low 
water  mark,  on  the  S.  W.  bank  o  Savannah  riv- 
er, 17  miles  from  the  bar  at  its  mouth.  Vessels 
drawing  14  feet  water  can  come  up  to  the  city  ; 
larger  vessels  receive  their  cargoes  3  miles  below. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  c;ontains  a  court 
house,  jail,  poor  house,  marine  hospital,  theatre, 
exchange,  academy,  public  library,  3  banks,  in- 
cluding a  branch  of  the  U.  States  bank,  and  7  hou- 
ses of  public  worship,  1  each  for  Presbyterians, 
Episcopalians,  Methodists,  Baptists,  Lutherans, 
Roman  Catholics,  and  Jews.  The  academy  is  180 
feet  by  60,  and  3  stories  high.  The  exchange  is  a 
heavy  gothic  building,  5  stories  high.  The  Pres- 
byterian church  is  an  elegant  edifice  of  stone,  re- 
cently erected.  The  city  is  laid  out  in  the  form  of 
a  parallelogram,  and  contains  10  public  squares 
at  equal  distances  from  each  other,  inclosed  and 
planted  with  trees.  Trees  are  also  planted  on 
the  sides  of  most  of  the  streets.  Many  of  the  hou- 
ses recently  erected  are  splendid  edifices.  There 
is  a  fort  on  the  F>.  side  of  the  city,  and  another  at 
Five  Fathom  Hole,  on  the  river,  3  miles  below 
the  town. 

Savannah  has  heretofore  been  unHealthy  on  ac- 
count of  the  large  extent  of  lands  in  the  vicinity 
devoted  to  the  wet  cultivation  of  rice;  but  in  1817, 
the  inhabitants  voted  70,000  dollars  to  the  propri- 
etors of  these  lands,  as  an  inducement  to  abandon 
the  wet  cultivation  and  adopt  the  dry  mode.  In 
January  1820,  a  terrible  fire  laid  a  large  portion 
of  the  city  in  ashes.  Savannah  is  the  centre  of 
commerce  for  a  large  extent  of  country.  In  nine 
months  ending  30th  June  1817,  there  were  expor- 
ted from  this  port  107,320  bales  of  cotton,  3,605 
hhds.  of  tobacco,  11,228  tierces  of  rice,  valued  to- 
gether at  |9,966,503.  The  amount  of  shipping  in 
1816,  was  12,776  tons.  Pop.  in  1810,  5,195  ;  ia 
1820,  7,520,  of  whom  3,868  were  whites.  113  m. 
S.  W.  Charleston,  127  by  land,  and  340  by  wa- 
ter S.  E.  Angu-ta,  158  E.  S.  E.  Milledgeville. 
Lon.  81°  10' W.Lat.  32°  8' N. 

Savannah,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  int6 
the  west  side  of  St.  Louis  river.  From  its  source, 
there  is  a  portage  of  6  ni'los  to  the  West  Savannah 
which  flows  into  Sandy  Lake.     See  Saiidy  lake. 

Savannah  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduraa, 
Lon.  89"  50'  W".  Lat.  15°  58'  N. 

Savannah  la  Mcr,  i.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hispan- 
iola. 

Savannah  la  Mer,  t.  Jamaica,  on  the  S.  coast. 
Lon.  78°  7'  W.  Lat.  18°  13'  N. 

Savary^s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia. 
Lon,  235°  54'  E.  Lat.  49"  67'  N, 

Saucon,  Lower,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop, 
1,974. 

Saucon,  Upper,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,456. 


672 


S  A  V 


Saucona,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Save,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  the  kingdom 
of  lUyria,  6  m.  S.  Villach,  and  running  E.  joins  tlie 
Danube  at  Belgrade. 

Savenay,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire,  18  m.  N. 
W.  mutes.    Lon.  \°  47'  W.  Lat.  47"  22'  N. 

Saver7ie,  or  Zahern,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
18  m.  W.  N.  W,  Strasburj,  16  W.  S.  W.  Hague- 
nau.     Lon.  T  26'  E.  Lat.  48"'  45'  N. 

Saverndroog.     See  Savindroog. 

SatigatucL     See  Sagaluck. 

Saugei-ties,  p-t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
13  m.  above  Kingston,  52  S.  Albany.     Pop.  2,194. 

Saugits,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  10  m.  E.  Boston. 

Savigliano,  t.  Piedmont,  in  a  plain,  watered  by 
the  Maria  and  Grana,  8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Saluzzo,  8  S. 
W.  Cherasco.     Lon.  7°  40  E.  Lat.  44°  35'  N. 

Savindroog,  t.  and  fortress.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  on 
the  summit  of  a  vast  mountain  or  rock,  which  is 
supposed  to  rise  half  a  mile  in  perpendicular 
height,from  a  base  of8  or  10  miles  in  circumference. 
On  the  10th  of  December  1791,  it  was  taken 
by  the  British.  18  m.  W.  Bangalore,  47  N.  E. 
Seringapatam. 

Savinton,  p-t.  Cecil  co.  Md. 
'    Saulieu,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  33  m.  W.  Di- 
jon, 13  S.  Semur  en  Auxois.      Lou.  4"  17'  E.  Lat. 
47°16'N.     Pop.  2,887. 

Saumer,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  We- 
ser,  9  m.  above  Polle. 

Saumur,  t.  France,  in  Mayne-and- Loire,  21  m. 
S.  E.  Angers,  33  W.  S.  W,  Tours.  Lon.  0°  3'  W. 
Lat.  47°  15'  N.     Pop.  9,636. 

Sounder's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  8  or 
10  leagues  in  circumference.  Lon.  26°  44'  W. 
Lat.  57°  49'  S. 

Saundersville.     See  Sandersville. 

Savona,  t.  Genoa,  with  fortifications,  and  a  cita- 
del standing  on  a  high  rock.  The  harbour  has 
been  partly  choked  up  to  hinder  the  approach  of 
large  ships.  €0  m.  W.  S.  W.  Genoa,  60  N.  E. 
Nice.    Lon.  8°  31' E.  Lat.  44°  19' N.    Pop.  16,000. 

Savoj/,  or  Coffin  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  44°  22'  E.  Lat.  17° 
30'  S. 

Savoy,  a  country  of  Europe,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  E.  by  Swisserland  and  Piedmont, 
S.  by  Piedmont  and  France,  and  W.  by  France.  It 
includes  the  duchy  of  Savoy,  or  Savoy  Proper,  the 
duchy  of  Chablais,  the  duchy  of  Gene vois,  the 
lordship  of  Faucigny,  the  county  of  Tarantaise, 
and  the  county  of  Maurienne.  The  greatest  part 
of  the  country  is  mountainous  ;  some  of  tlie 
highest  mountains  are  the  Glaciers,  and  moun- 
tains in  Faucigny.  In  Savoy,  every  one  spealcs 
French,  and  most  of  the  names  of  the  towns  and 
villages  are  of  that  language  ;  but  in  customs  and 
disposition,  the  inhabitants  have  more  of  the  Ger- 
man in  them.  They  are  all  Roman  Catholics. 
Extent,  3,800  square  miles.  Pop.  450,000.  Sa- 
voy recently  belonged  to  PVance,  but  is  now  in- 
cluded principally  in  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia. 
Chambery  is  the  capital. 

Savoy,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  25  m.  N.  E.  Len- 
ox.    Pop. 711. 

Sai'u,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  about  8  leagues 
in  length.  The  sea-coast,  in  general,  islow;  but 
in  the  middle  of  the  island  there  are  hills  of  a 
considerable  height.  Lon.  122°  30'  E.  Lat.  10" 
35' S. 

Sauxillanges,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  6  m. 
E.  hsoire,  15  W.  Ambert.     Pop.  2,066. 


SAY 

Sawbridgeworth,  t.  England,  in  Herts,  4  m.  £■ 
Bishop's-Stortford,  26  N.  London. 

Saivpit,  p-t.  West-Chester  co.  N.  Y. 

Saxe-Cobourg,  Saxe-Gotha,  &c.  See  Cobourg. 
Gotha,  &c. 

Saxe-Lauenburg.     See  Lauenburg. 

Saxelen,  or  Saxlen,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Under- 
walden,  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lucern,  43  E.  S.  E.  Berne. 

Saxenburg,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean.  Lon.  20° 
W.  Lat.  30°  45' S. 

Saxenburg,  or  Sachsenburg,  t.  Austrian  states, 
on  the  Drave,  38  m.  W.  Clagenfurt,  34  S.  W. 
Muhrau.     Lon.  13°  10'  E.  Lat.  46°  45'  N. 

Saxkiobing,  seaport,  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Laaland,  16  m.  E.  Nascow. 

Saxmundham,  or  Saxlingham,  t.  England,  in 
Suffolk,  20  m.  N.  E.  Ipswich,  89  N.  E.  Loudon. 
Lon.  1°  29'  E.  Lat  52°  14'  N. 

Saxons,  p-v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

Saxony,  Kingdom  of,  in  the  east  of  Germany, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Prussian  states ;  on  the  E.  it 
comes  to  a  point;  on  the  S.  E.  it  is  separated  from 
Bohemia  by  the  Erzgebirgor  Metallic  mountains; 
on  the  W.  it  is  bounded  by  several  small  German 
states.  Extent,  7,476  square  miles.  Pop.  accor- 
ding to  the  official  return  in  1818,  1,200,000. 
Revenue,  850,000/.  sterling.  Religion,  Protestant. 
The  government  is  nearly  absolute,  but  conducted 
with  moderation.  The  language  and  the  litera- 
ture of  Saxony  are  the  most  distinguished  in  all 
Germany,  most  of  the  writers  who  have  refined 
the  language,  having  been  born,  or  having  resided 
in  the  country.  There  are  universities  of  great 
celebrity  at  Leipsic  and  Jena.  The  manufac- 
tures are  thread,  linen,  laces,  ribbons,  glass,  and 
porcelain  of  remarkable  beauty.  Few  countries 
are  so  rich  in  minerals :  the  mountains  on  its 
southern  border  producing  silver,  tin,  bismuth, 
manganese,  cobalt,  Sic.  During  the  ascendancy 
of  Bonaparte,  Saxony  was  much  more  extensive 
than  it  is  at  present.  After  the  addition  of  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Warsaw,  in  1807,  it  contained 
56,970  square  miles,  and  4,363,000  inhabitants ; 
but  at  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  in  1815,  the  king 
was  punished  for  his  adherence  to  Bonaparte,  by 
being  deprived  not  only  of  the  duchy  of  Warsaw, 
but  of  the  northern  half  of  his  hereditary  states, 
which  was  added  to  Prussia.  Saxony  is  now  the 
smallest  kingdom  in  Europe. 

Saxony,  one  of  the  provinces  into  which  the 
Prussian  states  were  divided  in  1815.  It  is  sub- 
divided into  the  governments  of  Merseburg,  Mag- 
deburg, and  Erfurt.  Extent,  8,492  square  milee. 
Pop.  1,180,000.  Revenue,  760,000/.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Magdeburg,  Naumburg,  Merse- 
burg, and  Halle. 

Saxony,  Lower,  formerly  a  circle  of  Germany, 
bounded  N.  by  the  duchy  of  Sleswick  and  the 
Baltic ;  E.  by  the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony  ;  S.  by 
the  circles  of  Upper  Saxony  and  the  Upper 
Rhine ;  and  W.  by  the  circle  of  Westphalia  and 
the  Gerniansea. 

Saxony,  Upper,  formerly  a  circle  of  GermaHy, 
bounded  by  the  circles  of  the  tapper  Rhine,  Fran- 
conia.  Lower  Saxony,  the  Baltic,  Prussia,  Silesia, 
Lusatia,  and  Bohemia. 

Saybrook,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  the  west 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  at  its  mouth,  opposite 
Lyme,  40  m.  S.  E.  Hartford,  18  W.  New  London, 
34  E.  New  Haven.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns 
in  the  country.  Ship-building  is  carried  on  to  a 
considerable  extent  at  the  village  of  Pettipaug, 


S  C  A 

and  the  shad  fisheries  are  a  source  of  much  wealth 
to  the  town.  There  is  an  ivory  comb-factory 
here  oa  an  extensive  scale.  There  are  8  relig^ious 
\;©cieties,4  of  Con»regationalists,  2  of  Baptists,  1 
of  Episcopalians,  and  1  of  Methodists.     Pop.  3,926. 

Sayda,  t.  Saxony,  in  tlie  circle  of  Erzjebirg,  24 
m.  S.  W,  Dresden.  Lon.  13"  23'  E.  Lat.  50° 
39'  N. 

Sayn,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Lower  Rhine,  on  the 
Sayn,  6  m.  N.  Coblenz,  6  E.  Andernach. 

Sayn,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine, 
5  m.  below  Coblentz. 

Saypan,  or  St.  Joseph,  one  of  the  Ladrone  isl- 
ands, in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  about  20  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Lat.  14°  30'  x^. 

Scagen,  or  Scam,  or  Skagen,  t.  Denmark,  at 
the  extremity  of  North  Jutland,  near  a  cape  of 
the  same  name,  18  m.  N.  Fladstrand.  Lon.  10°  33' 
E.  Lat,  57°  46' N. 

Scagen,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  North  Jutland. 
Lon.  10°  31'  E.  Lat.  57°  46'  N. 

Scala,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  the  see  of 
a  bishop,  1 1  m.  W.  S.  W.  Amaisi,  12  W,  Salerno. 

Scala,  La,  seaport  of  the  island  of  Patmos.  Lon. 
26°23'E.  Lat.  37°  30' N. 

Scalanova,  seaport,  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  40 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Smyrna.  Lon.  27°  29'  E.  Lat.  37°  52' 
N.  Pop.  about  10,000,  of  M^hom  the  majority  are 
Turks. 

Scalea,  La,  t  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  near 
the  sea,  29  m.  W.  Cassano.  Lon.  15°  59'  E.  Lat. 
39°  51'  N. 

Scalpay,  one  of  the  Western  islands  of  Scot- 
land, about  6  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  5°  5' 
W.  Lat.  57°  20'  N. 

Scamachie,  city  of  the  Russian  dominions,  and 
capital  of  Schirvan,  in  a  valley,  between  two 
mountains,  about  24  miles  from  the  Caspian  sea. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Armenians  and  Geor- 
gians, who  carry  on  considerable  trade  in  silk  and 
calicoes.  The  town  is  also  frequented  by  Jews, 
Russian  merchants,  and  the  Circassian  Tartars. 
360  m.  S.  Astracan,  480  N.  E.  Diarbekir.  Lon. 
48°45'E.  Lat.  40°  27' N. 

Scandarella,  or  Scanderoon,  v.  Palestine,  on  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  6  m.  from  Tyre. 

Scandarieh,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  a  canal  between 
the  Tigris  and  Euphrates,  120  m.  N.  W.  Bassora. 

Scanderoon.     See  Ahxandretta. 

Scandinavia,  a  name  frequently  given  to  that 
part  of  Europe  which  comprehends  Denmark, 
Sweden,  and  Norway. 

Scangero,  or  Icus,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipe- 
lago.    Lon.  24°  15'  E.  Lat.  39"  20'  x\. 

Scar  J^ose,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Banflshire.     Lon.  2°  46'  W.  Lat.  57°  40'  N. 

Scarborough,  seaport,  England,  in  Yorkshire,  on 
a  rocky  cliff,  which  is  almost  inaccessible.  'The 
harbor  is  reckoned  the  best  between  Newcastle 
and  the  Humber.  Herrings  are  taken  here  in 
great  numbers.  Large  numbers  of  people  flock 
hither  in  the  hottest  months  of  the  year,  to  drink 
its  waters,  which  are  purgative  and  diuretic.  40 
m.  N.  Hull,  21  n  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  20'  W.  Lat. 
54°  17'  N,     Pop.  7,607. 

Scarborough,  t.  York  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  lake 
Ontario,  E.  of  York. 

Scarborough,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  the 
sea  coast,  11  m.  W.  Portland. 

Scarborough  Shoal,  shoal  in  the  Chinese  sea, 
about  18  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  6  broad.  Lon. 
117°  51' E.  Lat.  15°9'x\. 

Scarrfo?K/.  t.  En.  Tnrkov,  in  Dalmatia  :  the  see 

85 


S  C  H 


673 


of  a  Greek  bishop,  surrounded  with  walls,  and 
defended  by  two  Ibrts.  28  m.  N.  Trau,  8  N.  Se- 
benico.     Lon.  16°  20*  E.  Lat.  44°  28'  N. 

Scare,  The,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  5  m, 
E.  Waterford  harbor. 

Scariff,  small  isl.  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
5  m.  W.  Lamb's  Head. 

Scarpanto,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  18  miles 
long  and  6  wide,  subject  to  the  Turks,  but  the 
principal  inhabitants  are  Greek  Christians.  Loo. 
26°  50'  E.  Lat.  35"  44'  N. 

Scarpe,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Scheldt, 
at  Mortagne,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Tournay. 

Scarsdale,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  24  m.  from 
New  York.     Pop.  259. 

Schaagen,  t.  Prussian  States,  with  a  castle, 
on  a  river  which  runs  into  the  Curisch  Haff,  10 
m.  N.  Konigsberg. 

Schahur.     See  Shabur. 

Srhade,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Elbe, 
opposite  Blekede. 

Schahhr,  or  SchdhJir,  or  Sahar,  seaport,  Arabia, 
in  Hadramaut,  18  m.  N.  E.  Aden.  Lon.  47°  50' E. 
Lat.  14°  10'  N. 

Schaffhmtsen,  t.  Switzerland,  and  cap.  of  a  can- 
ton on  "the  N.  side  of  the  Rhine,  near  a  celebrated 
cataract.  It  communicates  with  the  rest  of  Swit- 
zerland only  by  a  bridge  across  the  Rhine.  It  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  towns  of  Switzerland.  The 
famous  bridge  was  burned  by  the  French,  in  March 
1799.  25  m.  W.  Constance,  44  E.  Bale.  Lon.  8° 
35'  E.  Lat.  47"  40'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Schnffhav.sen,  or  Sckaffouse,  canton  of  Switzer- 
land, on  the  N.  side  of  the  Rhine-  Pop.  without 
including  the  town  of  Schaffhausen,  is  estimated 
at  23,000.     The  religion  is  Calvinism. 

Scaghticoke,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  11m.  above  Troy.  Pop.  2,492.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  2  for  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  for 
Presbyterians. 

Schainfeld,  or  Mark  Schainfelde  t.  Germany,  20 
m.  N.  Anspach,  26  E.  S.  E.  Wurzburg.  Lon.  10 ' 
32'  E.  Lat.  49°  44'  N. 

Schalatskoi,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Russia,  in 
the  Frozen  sea.     Lon.  169°  14'  E.     Lat.  68°  25'  N- 

Schalits,  t.  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  Konigin- 
gratz,  12  m.  N.  E.  Konigingratz,  56  E.  N.  E. 
Prague.     Lon.  15°  51'  E.  Lat.  50°  18'  N. 

Schalkau,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinungen,  6 
m.  N.  Coburg.     Lon.  1 1°  8'  E.  Lat.  50°  23'  N. 

Schandau,  t.  Saxonv,  in  Meissen,  on  the  Elbe,  4 
m.  E.  Konigstein,  21  S.  Stolpen.     Pop.  1,000. 

Schanis,  or  Schams,  t.  Switzerland,  10  m.  N, 
Glaris,  20  N.E.  Schweitz. 

Schantarskija,  3  islands  of  Russia,  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  the  sea  of  Ochotsk.  Lon.  between 
138°  and  139°  E.  Lat.  55°  15'  and  55°  30'  N. 

Schara,  or  Osara,  t.  Syria,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Euphrates,  160  m.  E.  S.  E.  Aleppo,  200  W.  N. 
W.  Bagdad. 

Scharedsje,  or  Zaka,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Persia, 
about  30  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  54°  15'  E. 
Lat.  25°  N. 

Scharffenberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  Meissen,  on  the 
Elbe,  4'm.  S.  E.  Meissen. 

Scharmbeck,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  duchy  of  Bre- 
men, 13  m.  N.  Bremen.     Pop.  1,600. 

Scharnitz,  fortified  t.  Bavaria,  near  an  impor- 
tant pass  over  the  mountains,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  Inn- 
spruck. 

Scharsfeld,  castle,  Hanover,  in  Gottingen,  on  a 
vast  rock.  15  m.  -S.  Gosplar. 


eT4 


S  C  H 


Schatsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  96  m.  N.  Tam- 
bov.   Lon.  41°  34'  E.  Lat,  54°  22'  N. 

Schauenburg,  t  Germany,  8  m.  S.  E.  Minden. 
Schauaiburg-Lippe,  principality,  Germany,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Weser,  bounded  by  Hanover, 
the  Prussian  States,  and  Lippe-Detmold.  It  con- 
tains 220  square  mries,  24,000  inhabitants,  and 
has  a  revenue  of  18,000/.  sterling. 

Schaumburg,  t  and  castle,  Germany,  in  the 
duchy  of  Nassau,  25  m.  VV.  S.  W.  Wetzlar,  23  N. 
N.  W.  Mentz, 

Schech  Sure,  or  Surde,  small  isl.  in  the  Persian 
gulf.    Lon.  54°  30'  E.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. 

Scheduan,  isl.  8  miles  long  and  5  broad,  in  the 
Red  sea.    Lat.  27°  35'  N. 

Scheer,  t.  Wurtemberg',  on  the  Danube,  3  m.  N. 
W.  Mengen,  44  S.  Stuttgart.  Lon.  9°  20'  E.  Lat. 
48°  3'  N.     Pop.  1,200. 

Scheibenberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzge- 
birg,  4  m.  N.  E.  Schwarzenburg,  18  S.  Chemnitz. 
Lou.  12°  49'  E.  Lat.  50°  27'  N. 

Scheibs,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Erlebach,  20  m.  S.W. 
St.  Polten,  44  VV.  S.  W.  Vienna. 

Scheld,  r.  which  rises  in  France,  about  8  m.  N. 
of  St.  Quentin,  and  flowing  N.  passes  by  Cam- 
bray,  Valenciennes  where  it  becomes  navigable, 
Tournay,  Ghent,  Antwerp,  &c.  some  leagues  be- 
low which  it  divides  into  two  streams,  the  east 
and  west,  the  former  passing  by  Berg  op  Zoom, 
the  latter  by  Flushing,  and  both  run  into  the  Ger- 
man sea,  west  of  the  islands  of  Zealand. 

Schellenberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzge- 
birg,  6  m.  E.  Chemnitz. 

Schellenberg,  t.  Bavaria,  5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Berch- 
toldsgaden. 

Schellin,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Waag,  20  m.  N.  Comorn. 

Schelling,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  belonging  to 
Holland,  5  leagues  long,  and  one  broad,  15  m.  N. 
of  Harlingen,  between  Amelandt  and  Vlielandt. 
Schellklingen,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Aach,  8 
m.  W.  Ulm,  36  W.  Augsburg.    Lon.  9°  46'  E.  Lat. 
48°  22'  N. 
Schdisburg,  p-t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 
Schemberg,  t.  Wurteraberg,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Roth- 
weil,  28  S.  S.  W.  Stuttgard. 

Schemnits,  t.  Hungary.  It  is  a  large  and  popu- 
lous town.  In  number  of  mine-works,  it  surpas- 
ses all  the  other  mine-towns  in  Hungary.  The 
gold  and  silver  mines  here  have  greatly  declined, 
yet  they  still  produce  a  considerable  quantity  of 
ore,  and  the  workmen  amount  <o  above  5,000.  80 
ra.  E.  Presburg.  Lon.  19°  13'  E.  Lat.  47°  30'  N. 
Pop.  22,241. 

Schenck,  or  Schenkan  Schans,  a  strong  fortress  of 
Guelderland,  situated  in  an  angle  of  the  Betuwe, 
where  the  Rhine  divides  it  into  two  branches,  one 
of  which  passing  by  Nimmegen,  is  called  Wahal; 
tlie  other,  which  runs  towards  Arnheim,  preserves 
its  own  name.  It  completely  commands  the  two 
streams,  and  is  considered  as  the  centre  of  com- 
munication between  Germany  and  Holland.  3  m. 
N.  Cleves,  12  E.  Nimmegen. 

Schenectady,  co.  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties 
of  Montgomery,  Saratoga,  Albany,  and  Schoharie. 
Pop.  10,247. 

Schenectady,  city,  p-t.  and  cap.  Schenectady  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Mohawk,  15i  m.  N.  W.  Albany. 
The  city,  or  part  including  the  compact  popula- 
tion, is  regularly  laid  out  on  a  plain,  ou  the  S.  E. 
side  of  the  river,  and  contains  about  500  houses, 
principally  of  brick,  a  college,  a  bank,  the  coun- 
ty buildings,  and  4  houses  of  public  wor'ihip,  1 


S  C  H 

for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Dutch  Reformed,  1  for 
Methodists,  and  1  for  Episcopalians.  Here  is  an 
elegant  wooden  bridge  over  tlie  Mohawk.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  5,909. 

Union  college  in  this  city  was  incorporated  in 
1794,  and  is  a  very  flourishing  institution.  The 
college  edifices  are  finely  situated  on  an  elevated 
spot  of  ground,  and  contain  accommodations  for 
more  than  200  students.  The  philosophical  ap- 
paratus is  respectable.  The  library  contains 
about  5,000  volumes.  The  officers  in  1820,  were 
a  president ;  4  professors,  1  of  moral  philoso- 
phy, 1  of  mathematics,  1  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
languages,  and  1  of  the  modern  languages  ;  and  2 
tutors.  The  number  of  students  at  the  same  pe- 
riod was  245.  The  annual  expense  of  a  student, 
including  board,  tuition,  and  books,  is  about  $140. 
The  requisites  for  admission  into  the  Freshman 
class  are  a  knowledge  of  Virgil's  ^neid,  Cicei'o'e 
Select  Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  English 
Grammar,  and  Vulgar  Arithmetic.  The  Com- 
mencement is  on  the  4th  Wednesday  in  July,  af- 
ter which  there  is  a  vacation  of  8  weeks.  There 
are  two  other  vacations  of  3  weeks  each,  one  be- 
ginning in  December,  the  other  in  April. 

Schening,  or  Skening,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Skena,. 

17  m.  W.  Linkoping,  45  N.  N.  W.  Calmar. 
Scheningen,  t.  Germany,  16  m.  N.  Halberstadt, 

18  E.  S.  E.  Wolfenbuttel. 

Schenkiirsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  140  m.  S. 
S.  E.  Archangel.     Lon.  42°  14'  E.  Lat.  62°  30'  N. 
Scheppenstadt,  t.    Germany,    in   the  duchy  of 
Brunswick,  13  m.  E.  Wolfenbuttel. 
Scherbro.     See  Skerbro. 

Scherding,  or  Scharding,  t  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Inn,  with  a  large  fortified  castle,  6  m.  S.  Paa- 
sau,  78  E.  Munich.  Lon.  13°  24'  E.  Lat.  48°  26'  N.. 
Schirenberg,  t.  Germany,  in  Schwartzburg- 
Sonderhausen,  5  m.  S.  W.  Sonderhausen,  16  N. 
N.  W.  Muhlhausen. 

Schesburg,  or  Segesrar,  t.  Transylvania,  47  m. 
E,  S.  E.  Colosvar,  120  N.  E.  Temesvar.  Lon.  24'' 
32^  E.  Lat.  46°  24'  N. 

Schesslitz,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  N.  E.  Bamberg,  26 
W.  Bayreuth. 

Scf Leveling,  v.  Holland,  3  m.  N.  W.  Hague. 

Schibam,  city,  Arabia,  in  Hadramaut,  200  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Sana,  250  N.  E.  Aden. 

Schiedam,  seaport,  Holland,  on  the  canal, 
which  enters  the  Meuse  a  little  below  the  town,  4 
m.  W.  Rotterdam. 

Schierke,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  6  m.  S. 
Wernigerode. 

Srhievelbien,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
on  the  Rega,  30  m.  N.  E.  Stargard,  112  N.  E. 
Berlin.     Lon.  43°  45'  E.  Lat.  15°  44'  N. 

Schilda,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  7  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Torgau,  30  N.  W.  Meissen.  Lon.  12°  56'  E. 
Lat.  51°  27'  N. 

Schildesche,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  2 
m.  N.  W.  Bielefeld. 

Schile,  t.  iVatolia,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Black 
sea,  14  m.  N.  Ismid. 

Schilu,  or  Chelow,  or  Chetou,  t  Persia,  in  La- 
ristan,  on  the  coast,  20  m.  S.  E.  Konkun.  Lon. 
52°18'E.  Lat.  27°  50' N. 

Schippenheil,  t.  Prussian  states,  34  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Konigsberg.     Lon.  21°  7'  E.  Lat.  54°  7'  N. 

Schipunova,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  88  m.  S.  Ko- 
livau.     Lon.  81°  44'  E.  Lat.  53°  N. 

Schipiinskoi,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Kams- 
chatka.     Lon.  159"  44'  E.  Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Schiras,  city,  Persia,  and  cap  of  Farsistan,  one 


S  C  H 


S  C  H 


675 


of  the  largest  cities  in  Persia,  is  situated  between 
the  mountains,  in  a  plain  between  7  and  8  leagues 
long  and  about  4  broad.  The  city,  which  is  about 
6  miles  round,  is  not  surrounded  with  walls,  for 
they  have  been  suffered  to  fall  to  ruin ;  but  the  4 
^ates,  which  remain  entire,  are  large,  strong,  and 
covered  with  iron  plates.  It  contains  15  large 
mosques,  besides  many  smaller  ones,  1 1  colleges, 
14  bazars,  and  13  caravanseras.  Most  of  the 
buildings  of  the  city  are  now  in  ruins,  and  the 
streets  so  narrow  and  dirty,  that  they  are  hardly 
passable  in  rainy  seasons.  The  public  gardens  at 
Schinis,  which  are  about  20,  are  extremely  de- 
lightful. The  fertility  of  the  country  about  Schi- 
ras  is  very  surprising.  It  produces  the  finest  hor- 
ses, the  best  pastures,  and  especially  the  grape 
from  which  is  made  the  wine  of  Schiras,  esteemed 
the  best  not  only  in  Persia,  but  throughout  the 
■east.  160  m.  S.  Ispahan,  249  E.  Bassora.  Lon. 
520  3Q.  £^  ^^^  29°  37'  N.  Pop.  estimated  at 
40,000. 

Schirvan,  lately  a  province  of  Persia,  now  be- 
longing to  Russia,  bounded  N.  by  Dagestan,  E. 
and  S.  E.  by  the  Caspian  sea,  S.  W.  by  Erivan, 
and  W.  by  Georgia,  about  150  miles  long  and  90 
broad.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  from  the 
neighbouring  countries,  with  a  great  number  of 
vagabond  Tartars,  who  chiefly  subsist  by  robbe- 
ries. The  soil  is  extremely  fertile,  producing 
great  quantities  of  rice,  wheat,  and  barley.  Sca- 
machie  is  the  capital. 
.Schlakenwald,  or  Slaickoiv,  t.  Bohemia,  3 m.  S. 
E.  Elnbogen.  Lon.  12"  50'  E.  Lat.  50"  7'  N.  Pop. 
3,200. 

Scfi/akenwerty  t  Bohemia,  9  m.  N.  E.  Elnbogea. 
Lon.  12°  55'  E.  Lat.  50"  16'  N.    Pop.  1,300. 

Sc^/an,  t.  Bohemia,  14  m.N.W.  Prague.  Lon. 
14°  15'  E.  Lat.  50°  15'  N.    Pop.  3,124. 

Schlaming,  or  Schladming,  t.  Austrian  states, 
on  the  river  Ems,  36  m.  W.  S.  W.  Rottenmann, 
48  W.  Judenburg. 

Schlatteriy  v.  Switzerland,  in  Zurich,  2  m.  W. 
Dissenhofen. 

Schlawa,  t.  Silesia,  12  m.  N.  Gros  Glogau,  Lon. 
16"  8'  E.  Lat.  51"  44'  N. 

Schlawe,  or  Slmve,  or  Slag&,  t.  Prussian  states, 
in  Pomerania,  on  the  Wipper,  68  m.  N.  E.  Star- 
gard,  62  E.  N.  E.  Cammin.  Lon.  16"  23'  E.  Lat. 
54"19'N. 

Schleisheim,  t.  Bavaria,  where  is  a  royal  pal- 
ace, 8  m.  N.  Munich. 

Sehleits,  t.  German}',  in  Reuss-Lobenstein, 
17  m.  W.  S.  W.  Greitz,  17  S.  S.  W.  Gera.  Lon. 
i  1°  50'  E.  Lat.  50"  30'  N.     Pop.  4,600. 

Sehlenter  See,  lake  in  Holstein,  14  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, 3  m.  W.  Lutkenburg. 

Schlettstatl,  or  Schkstal,  t,  France,  in  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  111,  3^  posts  N.  Colmar,  5  S.  S.  W. 
Strasburg.     Lon.  7"  22'  E.  Lat.  48" 5'  N. 

Schleusingen,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Schleufs,  19 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Schweinfurt,  10  S.  E.  Smalkalden. 

Schleyden,  or  SSchlieden^  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Lower  Rhine,  40  m.  N.  Treves,  25  S.  VV.  Cologne. 
Lon,  6"  25'  E.  Lat.  50"  35'  N. 

Schtieben,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  25  m.  S. 
E.  Wittenberg,  40  N.  Dresden.  Lon.  13"  36'  E. 
Lat.  50°  33' N. 

Schlisselburg,  t.  Russia,  on  lake  Ladoga,  32  m. 
E.  Petersburg.     Lon.  48"  44'  E.  Lat.  60°  N. 

Srhlitz,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
Fulda,  7  m.  N.  N.  W.  Fulda,  33  E.  Giessen. 

Schlosser,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  The  site  of  the 
sld  fort  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Niagara  river,  2  m. 


above  the  falls.  The  portage  around  the  falls  ex- 
tends from  this  place  to  Lewiston,  9  miles. 

Schluchteren,  t.  Germany,  in  llesse-Cassel,  14 
m.  S.  W.  Fulda,  26  E.  N.  E.  Hanau. 

Schluisdau,  t.  Bavarian  States,  7  m.  S.  Bam- 
berg. 

Schlvsselburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia, 
on  the  Weser,  13  m.  N .  E.  Minden. 

Schlusselburg,  t.  and  fortress,  Russia,  near  lake 
Ladoga ;  the  fortress  is  situated  on  an  island  in  the 
river.  The  island  on  which  Schlusselburg  stands 
is  of  an  elliptical  form,  and  about  175  fathoms 
long  and  75  broad.  The  walls  which  surround  it 
in  almost  all  its  extent,  are  built  of  stones  and 
brick.  They  are  fifty  feet  high,  and  from  11  to  20 
thick.    36  m.  E.  Petersburg.     Pop.  3,128. 

Scklusselfeld,  t.  Bavaria,  15  m.  S.  W.  Bamberg, 
38  E.  Wurzhurg. 

Schmalkalden.    See  Smalkalden, 

Schmiedeberg,  t.  Silesia.  Here  are  manufac- 
tures of  steel  and  linen.  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Hirschberg, 
22  S.  S.  W.  Jauer.  Lon.  15°  50'  E.  Lat.  50"  35'  N- 
Pop.  4,000. 

Schmiedeberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  15 
m.  S.  Dresden. 

Schmogra,  v.  Silesia,  5  ra.  N.  N.  E.  Nambslau. 

Schmolnitz,  or  Smelnitz,  t.  Hungary,  celebrated 
for  its  copper  mines,  14  m.  S.  Kapstorf,  15  N.  W. 
Caschau. 

Schmollen,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gotha,  in  the 
principality  of  Altenburg,  6  m.  S.  Altenburg,  52 
W.  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  20'  E.  Lat.  50"  50'  N. 
Pop.  2,700. 

Schmolsin,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania,  16 
m.  S.  E.  Stolpen. 

Schmutter,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Danube,  at  Ingoldstadt. 

Schnackcnburg,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principal  ity 
of  Luneburg,  on  the  Elbe,  10  m.  N.  N.  W.  See- 
hausen. 

Schneeberg,  t  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzge' 
birg,  near  the  Mulda."  It  has  manufactures  of 
thread,  silk,  gold,  and  silver  lace.  7  m.  N.  W, 
Schwarzenberg.     Pop.  4,200. 

Schneeberg,  mountain,  Austria,  12  m.  S.  Steyr. 

Schodac,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson^ 
9  m.  below  Albany.  Pop.  3,166.  Here  are  two 
landings  on  the  river,  Schodac  landing  and  Cas- 
tleton. 

Schodac  landing,  p-v.  Renssalaer  co.  N.  Y. 

Schodticein,  or  Schaidtwcin,  t.  Austria,  with  a 
citadel  built  on  a  high  rock,  32  m.  S.  Vienna. 

Scoghr,  or  Shagr,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Orontes, 
40  m.  W.  Aleppo^  150  N.  Damascus. 

Schoenbnmn,  Moravian  settlement,  Tuscara- 
was CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum,  3  m.  below  New 
Philadelphia. 

Schogle,  or  Choug,  t.  Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  20 
m.  S.  E.  Antioch. 

Schoharie,  co.  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Montgomery,  Schenectady,  Albany,  Green,  Del- 
aware, and  Otsego.     Pop.  1 8,945. 

Schoharie,  p-t.  and  cap.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  32 
m.  W.  Albany.  Pop.  3,232.  The  village  of  Scho- 
harie stands  on  the  rich  alluvial  flats  of  Schoharie 
creek,  and  contains  a  court-house  and  2  churches, 
and  about  30  houses.  Eight  miles  north  is  the 
village  of  Esperance,  where  are  a  number  of 
mills. 

Schoharie  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in  Wind- 
ham, on  the  W.  side  of  the  Catskill  mountains,  and 
flowing  N.  W.  pierces  these  mountains,  and  pur- 
euing  a  northerly  course  40  miles,  joina  ihe  M^- 


^; 


S  C  H 


S  C  H 


hawk,  opposite  Tripe's  hill.     This  creeit  has  ex- 
tensive alluvial  flats  of  remarkable  fertility. 

Schokland,  isl.  in  the  Zuyder  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Overyssel,  about  3  miles  long  and  1  broad,  8 
m.  W.  Vollenhoven. 

Schomberg,  or  Ssumberg,  t.  Moravia,  surround- 
ed with  walls,  and  defended  by  a  citadel,  24  m.  N. 
Olmutz.     Lon.  16°  49'  E.  Lat.  49"  52'  N. 

Schomberg,  or  Schmnsberg,  t.  Silesia,  20  m.  S. 
W.  Schweidnitz,  25  N.  W.  blatz. 

Schonait,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Wisen,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Bale,  12  N.  Laufenburg. 

Schonau,  t.  Baden,  5  m.  N.  E.  Heidelberg. 

Sckonau,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Katzbach,  12  m.  W. 
Jaur,  26  N.  W.  Schweidnitz.    Lon.  IS*"  55'  E. 
Lat.  50"  57' N,     Pop.  1,000. 
^      Schonau,  t.  Lnsatia,  5  m.  W.  Zittau. 

Schonberg,  t.  Silesia,  6  m.  S.  E.  Gorlitz.  Lon. 
15°  9' E.  Lat.  51"  4' N. 

Schonbnmn,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  3  m.  W. 
Vienna. 

Schonebeck,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  with  some  salt-works,  10  m.  S,  S.  E.  Mag- 
deburg.    Pop.  4,300. 

Schoneck,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  Vogtland,  7  m.  E. 
Oeltnitz. 

Schoneck,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m.  S.  Dantzig;, 
30  N,  Culm. 

Schonen,  or  Skonen,  or  Skania,  province  in  the 
S.  of  Sweden,  bounded  N.  by  Halland  and  Sma- 
land,  E.  by  Blekingen  and  the  Baltic,  S.  by  the 
Baltic,  and  W.  by  the  Sound  which  separates  it 
from  Denmark. 

Schonfeld,  t.  Bohemia,  18  m.  Egra.  Lon.  12° 
48' E.  Lat.  50°  5' N. 

Schonflies,  or  Schoicenfliet,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Brandenburg,  22  m.  N.  Custria,  50  N.  E.  Berlin. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Scho7igau.  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech,  8  m.  S. 
Weilhaim,  92  W.  Salzburg.  Lon.  10°  53'  E.  Lat. 
48-45' N.     Pop.  1,228. 

Schonsee,  or  Kowalewo,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m. 
S.  E.  Culm. 

Schonwalde,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  8  nu 
S.  W.  Dahme,  21  E.  Wittenberg. 

Schoodic.     See  St.  Croix  river,  Maine. 

Schoodic  Lakes,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  Washington 
CO.  Maine;  from  which  issues  St.  Croix  river. 

Schooly  Mount,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Schoonhoven,  t.  Holland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river  Leek,  10  m.  N.  E.  Dort,  13  S.  W.  Utrecht. 

Schopfhim,  or  Schopfen,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Viese, 
14  m.  N.  E.  Bale,  7  iN.  Rheinfelden.     Pop.  1,070. 

Schorel,  v.  Holland,  5  m.  N.  N.  W^.  Alcmaer. 

Schorndorf,  t.  Wirtemberg,  on  the  Rems,  28  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Ulm,  16  E.  Stuttgart.  Lon.  9"  37'  E. 
Lat.  48°  45'  N.     Pop.  3,600. 

Schorogalskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  60  m.  S. 
Selenginsk. 

Schotlen,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  16  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Giessen,  26  N.  E.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  Pop. 
1,730. 

Schouten's  Island,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  120 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  136"  20' E.  Lat.  0° 
50' S. 

Schouten's  Islands,  near  the  coast  of  New  Hol- 
land.    Lon.  148°  9'  E.  Lat.  43"  12'  S. 

Schouwen,  or  Schotren,  isl.  at  the  month  of  the 
Scheldt,  N.  E.  of  the  island  of  Walchcren,  14  m. 
from  E.  to  W.  and  5  from  N.  to  S.  Ziriczee  is  the 
chieftown. 

Schramherg,  t.  Wurtemburg,  on  the  Schiltach, 


10  m.  N.  W.  Rothwell,  12  S.  Freudenstadt.    Lon 
8°22'E.  Lat.  48°11'N.    Pop.  1,900. 

Schraplau,  t.  Prussian  States  in  Saxony,  6  m, 
S.  E.  Eiszleben. 

Schrattenthal,i.  Austria,  33  m.  N.  N.  W.Vienna. 
Lon.  15°  51'  E.  Lat.  48°  40'  N. 

Sehriebershau,  v.  Silesia,  celebrated  for  its  glass- 
houses.    7  m.  S.  W.  Hirschberg. 

Schrobenhausen,  t.  Bavaria,  21  m.  N.  E.  Augs- 
burg, 8  S.  S.  E.  Neuburg.  Lon.  1 1"  3'  E.  Lat.  48° 
31'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Schuliper  Islands,  2  of  the  Laccadive  Islands. 
Lon.  71°  50'  to  72°  E.  Lat.  10"  to  10"  10'  N. 

Schulpe,  or  Schulpensiel,  s-p.  Holstein,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Eyder,  near  its  mouth.  Lon.  9° 
E.  Lat.  54°  20'  N. 

Schunga,  t.  Russia,  in  Olonetz,  on  Onezskoe 
Lake,  20  m.  S.  Povenetz. 

Schunler,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Ocker,  7  m.  below  Brunswick. 

Schurgast,  t.  Silesia,  11  m.  N.N.  W.Oppeln,  10 
S.  E.  Bricg.    Lon.  17°  40'  E.  Lat.  50°  40'  N. 

Schussenried,  a  princely  abbey  of  Germany,  6  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Buchau,  25  S.  W.  Ulm. 

Schutt,  or  Schit,  isl.  of  Hungary,  formed  by  the 
Danube,  30  miles  long  and  10  broad.  The  N.  VV. 
extremity  is  a  little  below  Presburg. 

Schutltnhofen,  or  Swce,  or  Sutchutz,  t.  Bohe- 
mia, 65  m.  S.  S.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  13"  28'  E.  Lat. 
49"  12'  N. 

Schuyler,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N.  W, 
Herkimer.     Pop.  2,107. 

Schuyler's,  lake,  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  4  m.  E.  Ot- 
sego lake.  It  is  5  miles  long  and  1  broad,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  through  Oak's  creek  into  the 
Susquehannah. 

Schuylkill,  r.  Pennsylvania,  which  rises  N.  W. 
of  the  Kittatinny  mountains,  and  after  a  S.  E. 
course  of  120^1165,  falls  into  the  Delaware,  oppo- 
site Mud  Island,  6  or  7  miles  below  Philadelphia. 
There  are  falls  5  miles  above  Philadelphia,  and 
others  at  Norristown.  But  these  have  been  sur- 
mounted, and  a  canal  is  now  in  progress  c;onnec- 
ting  tlie  'Tulpehocen,  which  falls  into  the  Schuyl- 
kill just  above  Reading,  with  the  Swataru,  which 
falls  into  the  Susquehannali  at  Middletown.  The 
bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  in  Philadelphia  is  a  su- 
perb structure. 

Schuylkill,  co.  Pa.     Chief  town,  Orwigsburg. 

Schuylkill,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  353. 

Schwabach,  t.  Bavaria,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Nuremburg,  11  E.  Anspach. 
Pop.  6,588. 

Schicabach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rednitz  at  Erlang. 

Schicabmunchen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Sinekel,  11 
m.  S.  Augsburg,  14  N.  E.  Mindelheim. 

Sehwadorff,  t.  Austria,  9  m.  S.  E.  Vienna. 

Schwalm,  r.  Hesse,  which  joins  the  Eder  near 
Felsberg. 

Schwalm,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Wip- 
per,  2  m.  E.  S.  E.  Barmen. 

Schwan,  t.  Mecklenburg,  on  the  Warnow,  8  m. 
S.  Rostock.     Lon.  12"  14'  E.  Lat.  53'  58'  N. 

Schwanden,  t.  Swisserland,  in  Glarus,  5  m.  S. 
Glarus. 

Schwandorf,  t.  Bavaria,  20  m.  N.  Ratisbon,  13 
S.  S.  E.  Amberg. 

Schwanbeck,  t.  Prussian  Saxony,  5  m.  N.  E.  Hal- 
berstadt,  10  N.  Quedlinburg.     Pop.  1,800. 

Schwannasladt,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Ager, 
106  W.  Vienna.     Lon.  1.3°  43'  E.  Lat.  48°  3'  N. 

Schicansee,  t  Germany,  5  m.  E.  Erfurt. 


S  C  H 


s  o 


677 


Schtcarfsa,  or  Schwarsawa,  or  Swarta,  r.  Mora- 
via, which  passes  by  Brunn,  and  runs  into  the  Ig- 
iau. 

Schwartzback,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  near 
Darmstadt,  and  runs  into  the  Rhine  2  miles  above 
its  union  with  the  Main. 

Schwartzburg.     See  Schwarzburg. 

Schtvartzenburg,  t.  Swisserland.  The  inhabi- 
tants speak  the  German  language,  and  are  uni- 
versally Protestants,  17  m.  S.  S.  W.  Berne,  10  S. 
E.  Friburg. 

Sckwartzenfels^  t.  Germany,  14  m.  S.  Fulda,  32 
E.  Hanau. 

Sckwarzach,  t.  Baden,  8  m.  W.  S,  W.  Baden. 

Schwarzau,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rednitz,  10  m.  S.  Nuremberg. 

Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen,  a  principality  of 
Germany,  almost  surrounded  by  the  Prussian  do- 
minions. It  contains  500  square  miles,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  official  return  in  1818,  45,117  in- 
habitants, with  a  revenue  of  25,000/.  sterling. 
Arnstadt  and  Sonderhausen  are  the  chief  towns. 

Schivarzburg-Rudolstadt,  principality,  Germa- 
ny, lying  S.  E.  of  Schwarzburg  Sonderhausen,  and 
almost  surrounded  by  the  territories  of  the  house 
ofSaxe.  It  contains  484  square  miles,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  official  return  in  1818,  53,937  in- 
habitants, with  a  revenue  of  22,000/.  sterling, 
Rudolstadt  is  the  principal  town. 

Schwarzburg,  t.  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  8  m. 
W.Saalfeld. 

Schwarsenberg,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Erzgebirg.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  several 
iron  forges  ;  and  mines  which  yield  both  tin  and 
lead.  48  m.  S.  W.  Dresde'n,  18  S.  Chemnitz. 
Lon.  12°  38'  E.  Lat.  50"  34'  N. 

Schwartz,  t.  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Inn.  Near 
it  is  a  mine  of  silver  and  copper,  in  which  1,000 
men  are  employed.  Here  is  likewise  a  good  glass- 
house. 14  m.E.  N.  E.  Innspruck,  54  S.  W.  Sals- 
burg.     Lon.  1 1"  46'  E.  Lat.  47"  21'  N.  Pop.  7,450. 

Schwedt,  t.  Brandenburg,  on  the  Oder,  46  m.  N. 
E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14"  28'  E.  Lat.  53"  5'  N.  Pop. 
4,200. 

Schiveidnitz,  city,  Silesia,  fortified  with  regular 
and  very  strong  works.  26  m.  S.  W.  Breslau,  86 
N.  N.  W.  Olmutz.  Lon.  16"  25'  E.  Lat.  50"  40'  N. 
Pop.  8,300. 

Schweinfurl,  or  Suirford,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the 
Maine,  over  which  is  a  stone  bridge.  Its  chief 
trade  is  in  cloth,  linen,  and  feathers.  28  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Bamberg,  64  E.  Franckfort-on-the-Maine. 
Lon.  10"  25'  E.  Lat.  50"  5'  N.     Pop.  5,100. 

Schweinitz,  t.  Prussian  Saxonv,  on  the  Schwartz 
Elster,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Zahna,  12  E.  Wiltenbefg. 
Lon.  13°  8'  E.  Lat.  51°  47'  N.     Pop.  700. 

Schiceitz,  or  Schwitz,  canton,  Swisserland,  and 
the  fifth  in  order,  bounded  N.  by  Zurich,  E.  by  the 
baiiliwick  of  Gaster  and  the  canton  of  Glarus,  S. 
by  Uri,  and  W.  by  Lucerne,  Zug,  and  Zurich  ; 
about  24  miles  in  length,  and  18  in  breadth.  The 
country  is  mountainous,  intersected  with  fertile 
vallies.  The  principal  commerce  is  in  cattle.  The 
inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics.     Pop.  3 1,000. 

Schiceitz,  t.  Swisserland,  and  cap.  of  a  canton  of 
the  same  name,  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Lucerne,  26  S.  Zu- 
rich.    Lon.  8" 26'  E.  Lat.  46"  57'  N. 

Schwelm,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  22 
m.  N.  E.  Cologn,  22  E.  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2,300. 

Schwerin,  city  of  the  duchy  of  Mecklenburg,  the 
usual  residence  of  the  dukes  of  the  Schwerin  line, 
is  situated  on  a  pleasant  lake.  The  duke's  palace 
stands  on  an  island  in  the  lake,  beinj;  fortified  and 


communicating  with  the  town,  by  means  of  a 
bridge.  34  m.  E.  S.  E,  Lubeck,  40  E.  N.E.  Lau- 
enburg.  Lon.  11"  24'  E.  Lat.  53°  49'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Schicerin.     See  Mecklenburg. 

Schiverte,  or  Schivierte,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Westphalia,  64  m.  E.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf,  38  N.  N. 
E.  Cologn.  Lon.  7°  32'  E.  Lat.  51°  24'  N.  Pop. 
1,740. 

Schivesnilz,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Saal,  near  Kotzau, 

Schwets,  1.  Prussian  States,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Vistula,  with  a  castle,  7  m.  N.  Culm. 

Schivibusin,  or  Schiviebus,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Brandenburg,  40  m.  N.  N.  W.  Gros  Glogau,  30 
E.  Francfort  on  the  Oder.  Lon.  15°  42'  E.  Lat. 
52°20'N.     Pop.  3,100. 

Schwineraunde,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  isle  of  Usedom,  on  one  of  the  mouths 
of  the  Oder,  14  m.  N.  N.  E.  Uckermunde,  12  E. 
Usedom.     Lon.  14°  12'  E.  Lat.  53"  56'  N. 

Schivinge,  or  Swinge,  or  Zwinge,  r.  Germany, 
which  runs  into  the  Elbe.  Lon.  9"  23'  E.  Lat.  53" 
38' N. 

Schwitz.     See  Schweilz. 

Scichili,  i.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Noto,  30  m. 
S.  W.  Syracuse.      Lon.  14"  54'  E.  Lat.  36°  37'  N. 

Sciefames,  v.  Palestine,  12  m.  W,  Acre. 

Sciali,  or  Skiati,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago, 18  m.  N.  Negroponte.  Lon.  23°  38'  E. 
Lat.  39"  26'  N. 

Sciglio,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  on  a  rocky 
promontory,  anciently  called  Scylla,  and  celebra- 
ted for  ship  wrecks.  The  ancient  Scylla,  or  rock 
so  beautifully  described  by  Homer,  rises  like  a 
round  tower,  and  towards  the  sea  presents  a  sharp 
three  forked  cliff,  in  which  are  found  the  three 
rows  of  teeth  of  Homer.  Its  form  is  striking  and 
inspires  terror.  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Reggio.  Lon. 
16°  2'  E.  Lat.  38"  14'  N. 

Scilly  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Enghsh  channel,  situated  due  W.  from  the 
Lizard  Point,  and  seen  in  a  clear  day  from  the 
Land's  End.  St.  Mary's  is  the  largest,  containing 
1,271  inhabitants.  Its 'greatest  length  is  2^  miles. 
The  hills  are  rocky,  rising  in  some  places  to  a 
great  height,  and  abound  in  mineral  ores.  This 
island  is  defended  by  a  strong  garrison,  situated 
upon  the  W.part  of  it.  About  a  mile  S.  W.  of  the 
S.  part  of  St.  Mary's  Garrison,  lies  St.  Agnes' 
Island,  upon  which  stands  a  very  high  and  strong 
light-house.  Lon.  6"  0'  to  6"  30'  W.  Lat.  49"  54' 
to  50"  2'  N. 

Scilly  Islands,  islands  or  shoals,  in  tlie  Pacific 
ocean,  extremely  dangerous.  Lon.  155°  30'  W. 
Lat.  16°  28'  S. 

Scio,  or  Chios,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
30  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  18  wide.  This  island 
is  mountainous  and  bare  of  wood.  The  produc- 
tions are  wheat,  barley  wine,  and  oil.  Oranges, 
lemons,  and  bergamot-citrons  are  important  arti- 
cles of  trade  ;  but  the  most  considerable  mer- 
chandize is  their  silk,  of  tliis  they  make,  one  year 
with  another,  30,000  lbs.  It  is  estimated  that 
500  looms  are  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  silk  stuffs,  and  the  trade  of  the  various  stuffs 
manufactured  at  Scio  is  estimated  at  upwards  of 
6,000,000  livres.  The  other  wares  of  the  island 
are  wool,  cheese,  figs,  and  mastic.  The  turpen- 
tine has  been  long  in  great  estimation.  In  no  isl- 
and in  the  Archipt-lago  nor  in  any  country  of  Tur- 
key are  the  lands  better  cultivated,  commerce 
more   active,  or  industry  greater  than  in  Scio. 


678 


SCO 


SCR 


The  iahabitanta  are  remarkably  intelligent.  Pop. 
estimated  at  110,000,  principally  Greeks.  Not 
more  than  4,000  are  Turks.  Lon.  25°  54'  E.  Lat 
38"  30'  N. 

Scio,  s-p.  and  cap.  of  the  isl.  of  the  same  name. 
Its  harbour,  which  is  none  of  the  best,  is  the  i-en- 
dezvous,  of  all  shipping  going  or  returning  be- 
tween Constantinople,  Syria,  and  Egypt.  It  is  a 
well  built  town,  and  defended  by  a  citadel,  with  a 
considerable  garrison.  Pop.  30,000,  viz.  3,500 
Turks,  26,500  Greeks,  and  100  Jews.  Lon.  26° 
0"  E.  Lat.  38°  23'  N. 

Scioto,  r.  Ohio,  which  after  a  southerly  course 
of  170  miles,  falls  into  the  Ohio,  at  Portsmouth.  It 
is  navigable  130  miles,  and  is  connected  with  the 
Sandusky  by  a  portage  of  4  miles. 

Scioto,  CO.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  and  Scioto  rivers.  Pop. 
in  1815,  3,870.     Chief  town,  Portsmouth. 

Scioto,  t.   Ross  CO.  Ohio,   on  Scioto  river,  in 
which  is  Chillicothe,  the  cotmty  seat.      Pop.  in 
1819,  3,245. 
Scioto,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river. 
Scioto,  t.  PickaAvay  co.  Ohio,  on  Scioto  river,  12 
m.  above  Circleville. 

Scioto,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 
Scioto  salt  springs,  p-v.  Ross  co.  Ohio. 
Scipio,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga  lake, 
11  m.S.  Auburn,  180  W.  Albany.     Pop.  7,100. 
Here  is  an  academy.      In  this  town  is  the  village 
ofAurora. 

Sciro,  or  Scyro,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
•about  60  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  very 
mountainous,  but  produces  wiieat  and  barley  suf- 
ficient for  the  inhabitants.  The  wine  and  cheese 
are  excellent.  The  inhabitants  collect  large 
quantities  of  wax  and  some  mastic.  Lon.  24°  33' 
E.  Lat.  38"  52'  N.     Pop.  1 ,500. 

Scituate,  s-p.  and  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  20  ra. 
N.  Plymouth,  30  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop  2,969. 

Scituate,  p-t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  12  m.  W. 
Providence,  27  N.  W.  Newport.  Pop.  2,568. 
Hwe  is  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  foundry  of  cannon 
and  bells,  and  several  cotton  factories. 

Sckozou;  or  Skalschau,  t.  Silesia,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Tcschcm.  Lon.  18°  43'  E.  Lat.  49°  48'  N. 
Sclavonia,  a  country  of  Europe,  between  the 
rivers  Drave  and  Danube  on  the  N.  and  Save  on 
the  S. ;  bounded  N.  by  Hungary,  E.  by  the  ban- 
nat  of  Temesvar  and  Servia,  S.  by  Servia  and 
Bosnia,  and  W.  by  Croatia  ;  about  150  miles  long, 
and  from  25  to  45  broad.  It  is  a  fine,  level,  fruit- 
ful country,  where  cultivated ;  but  having  been 
for  many  years  a  frontier  province  against  Tur- 
key, and  subject  to  the  ravages  of  the  Christian  as 
w^ell  as  the  Turkish  armies,  it  has  produced  but 
little  corn  or  wine.  The  Rascians  inhabit  the  eas- 
tern division  of  the  country  ;  and  the  natives  in 
general  are  a  brave  hardy  race,  soldiers  from 
their  cradles.  The  ancient  Sclavonia  contained 
many  large  countries ;  some  have  extended  it 
from  the  Adriatic  to  the  Euxine  sea. 

Scombraria,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  at 
the  entrance  into  the  harbour  of  Carthagena. 

Scone,  or  Scoon,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perth  co,  on  the 
Tay,  noted  as  the  place  of  crowning  the  kings  of 
Scotland.     2  m.  N.  Perth. 

Sconondoah,  p-v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  a  small 
creek  of  the  same  name,  which  runs  into  Oneida 
creek. 

Scoodic.     See  St.  Croix  river,  Maine. 
Scoonie,  I.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  10  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Andrews,  24  N.  N.  E.  Edinburg. 
Scopia,  or  Useup.  See  Skopia. 


Scopoio,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  Lon, 
23°  52'  E.  Lat.  39°  26'  N. 

Scorf,  r.  France,  in  Morbihan,  which  runs  into 
the  sea,  6  m.  S.  L' Orient. 

Scotch  Fir  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon.  236°  17' 
E.  Lat.  49°  42' N. 

Scotch  plwins,  p-v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  on  a  N.  E. 
branch  of  the  Raritan,  11  m.  W.  Elizabethtown. 

Scotland,  country,  Europe,  which  united  witli 
England  and  Wales,  forms  Great  Britain  ;  and  as 
a  mark  of  distinction,  is  frequently  called  J^orth- 
Britain.  It  is  bounded  S.  E.  by  England,  and  on 
all  other  sides  by  the  sea.  The  length  from  N.  to 
S.  is  about  270  miles.  Area,  30,238  square  miles. 
The  coasts  are  intersected  by  innumerable  lochs 
and  bays. 

The  Grampian  hills  which  commence  at  Loch 
Lomond,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Clyde,  and  run  N. 
E.  completely  across  the  country  to  Aberdeen  on 
the  German  ocean,  are  the  natural  boundary  be- 
tween the  Highlands  and  Lowlands  of  Scotland. 
The  country  north  of  the  Grampian  hills,  except 
a  small  district  on  the  eastern  coast,  consists  of 
barren  hills  and  mountains,  interspersed  Avith  nu- 
merous lakes,  and  some  fertile  vallies.  Scotland 
feeds  vast  herds  of  cattle,  and  the  hills  are  covered 
with  sheep.  Grass,  oats,  and  turnips  are  the  prin- 
cipal agricultural  productions.  Iron,  coal,  and 
lead  are  the  principal  minerals. 

The  established  religion  is  Presbyterian.  The 
establishment  is  divided  into  15  Synods,  which  are 
subdivided  into  78  Presbyteries.  They  are  all  un- 
der the  government  of  the  General  Assembly. 
The  number  of  ministers  connected  with  tlie  es- 
tablishment in  1803,  was  9J6.  Scotland  is  cele- 
brated for  its  excellent  system  of  education.  There 
is  no  country  in  Europe  where  the  lower  classes 
are  so  universally  taught  to  read  and  write. 
There  are  universities  at  St.  Andrews,  Aberdeen, 
Edinburgh  and  Glasgow.  Scotland  is  represent- 
ed in  the  British  parliament  by  16  peers  and  45 
commoners.  The  16  peers  are  elected  for  every 
new  parliament  by  the  whole  body  of  the  peerage 
duly  qualified  to  vote.  The  whole  number  of 
Scotch  peers  in  1811  was  82.  Pop.  in  1811, 
1,804,864. 

Scotland  neck,  p-t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

Scotland  society,  p-v.  Windham  co.  Ct. 

Scot's  Bay,  bay,  on  the  S.  W.  extremity  of 
Dominica.  4  m.  S.  Charlotte  Town. 

ScoCs  Head,  cape,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Domi- 
nica.    Lon.  61°  24'  W.  Lat.  15°  20'  N. 

Scott,  t.  York  CO.  Up.  Canada,  N.  of  York. 

Scott,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  (N.  Y.)  N.  of  Homer. 

Scott,  CO.  in  the  S.  VV.  part  of  Va. 

Scott,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  12,419,  including  3,732 
slaves.  Chief  town,  Georgetown.  At  the  court» 
house  is  a  post  office. 

Scottsborough,  v.  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  about  10  m. 
S.  Milledgeville. 

Scottsburg,  p-v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

Scott^s  Ferry,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va, 

Scott'' s  Islands,  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  N.  W  coast  of  the  island  of  Qua- 
dra and  Vancouver.  Lon.  231°  2'  E.  Lat,  50°  57'  N. 

Scottsville,  p-v.  Powhattan  co.  Va. 

Scottsville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Allen  co.  Ken. 

Scouzie  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Caithness,  3  m.  S.  Duncansby  Head.  Lon.  2" 
25'  W.  Lat.  58°  31'  N. 

Scriba,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Oswego  river  at  its  mouth.  The  village  of  Oswe- 
go is  situated  partly  in  this  town. 


SEA 


S  E  D 


e?^ 


Scriven,  co.  Geo.  between  Savannah  and  Oge- 
chee  rivers.  Pop.  4,477,  including  1,816  slaves. 
Chief  town,  Jacksonborough. 

Scroon,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  689.  It  con- 
tains 2  settlements,  Dominick,  10  m.  S.  W.  of  the 
head  of  Scroon  lake,  and  Pendleton,  20  m.  N.  W. 
Dominick. 

Scroon,  r.  N.  Y.  the  N.  E.  branch  of  the  Hudson. 
Scroon  lake  is  an  expansion  of  this  river  8  miles 
long  and  1  broad,  and  ia  12  m.  W.  of  the  north  end 
of  Lake  George.  Scroon  river  unites  with  the  N. 
branch  of  the  Hudson  8  m.  N.  W.  Caldwell. 

Scudenes,  or  Scuteness,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Nor- 
way, 20  miles  in  circumference,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Stavanger. 

Scufflttoim,  p-v.  Laurens  co.  9.  C. 

Scull  campy  p-v.  Surry  co.  N.  C. 

Scutari,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  a  lake  to 
which  it  gives  name,  52  m.  S.  E.  Ragusa,  448  W. 
Constantinople.  Lon.  19°  14'  E.  Lat.  42*"  27'  N. 
Pop.  20,000. 

Scutari,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  Bos- 
phorus,  opposite  Constantinople. 

Scutiock  Point,  cape,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  67"  58'  W.  Lat.  44"  18'  N. 

Scylla.     See  Scigho. 

Scyro.     See  Sciro. 

Sea  Wolves''  Island,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, near  the  W.  coast  of  Cape  Breton.  Lon. 
61.  W.  Lat.  46"  21'  N. 

Seabrook,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  the  sea 
coast,  6  m.  N.  Newburyport,  9  from  Exeter.  Pop. 
774. 

Seabrook.     See  Saybrook. 

Senford,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex.  It  is  a  cinque  port, 
and  sends  two  members  to  parliament.  10  m.  S. 
Lewes,  59  S.  London.   Lon.  0"  7'  E.  Lat.  50°  46'  N. 

Seakonk,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Maine. 

Seakonnct  point,  and  rocks,  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  eastern  shore  of  Narraganset  bay,  R.  1. 6  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Newport. 

Seahorse  point ,  cape,  on  a  peninsula  in  Hudson's 
Bay.    Lon.  82°  10'  W.  Lat.  64°  N. 

Seal,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  Piketon,  the 
county  seat. 

Seal  Island,  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia.    Lon.  66"  W.  Lat.  43°  25'  N. 

Seal  Island,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast 
of  Maine.     Lon.  68°  40'  W.  Lat.  43°  50'  N. 

Seal  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands,  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  67°  46'  W. 
Lat.  44°  45'  N. 

Seal  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  55°  10'  W.  Lat.  53°  15'  N. 

Seal  Key,  small  isl.  near  the  Musquito  shore. 
Lon.  82°  40'  W.  Lat.  12°  54'  N. 

Sealeote,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  50  m.  N.  N.  E.  La- 
hore.    Lon.  73°  50'  E.  Lat.  31°  44'  N. 

Searcey''s,p-\.  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 

Searsburg,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  12  m.  E.  Ben- 
nington. 

Searsmont,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine  25  m.  W.  Cas- 
tine. 

Seaton,  or  Port  Seaton,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Had- 
dingtonshire, on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  5  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Haddington,  8  E.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3°  59'  W. 
Lat.  55°  58'  N. 

Seaton  JVook,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Dur- 
ham, at  the  mouth  of  the  Tecs,  5  m.  S.  S  E.  Har- 
tlepool, 5  N.  Tynemouth. 

Seaton,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  English 
Channel,  3  m.  E.  Looe,  in  Cornwall. 


Seaton  Delaval,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  10 
m.  N.  E.  Newcastle.    Lat.  55°  6'  N. 

Sebago,  or  Sebacook,  lake,  Maine,  18  m.  N.  Port- 
land. Its  extent,  including  Long  pond,  with 
which  it  is  connected  on  the  N.  is  30  miles,  and  its 
waters  are  discharged  through  Presumpscut  river 
into  the  Atlantic. 

Sebasticook,  r.  Maine,  which  joins  the  E.  side  of 
the  Kennebec,  in  Winslow. 

Sebasticook,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine.     Pop.  105. 

Sebaate,  t.  Syria,  the  remains  of  the  ancient  city 
of  Samaria,  once  the  capital  of  Israel.  It  is  now 
depopulated,  and  the  greater  part  converted  into 
gardens.     84  m.  N.  N.  E.  Jerusalem. 

Sebba  Rous,  or  Seven  Capes,  a  cape  on  the  coast 
of  Algiers,    Lon.  6°  32'  E.  Lat.  37"  8'  N. 

Sebeck,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  W. 
Bangor. 

Sebenico,  s-p.  Dalmatia,  on  the  Kerka,  near  the 
Adriatic,  and  one  of  the  strongest  towns  on  the 
coast,  with  a  large  harbour,  and  defended  by  four 
citadels.  29  m.  N.  Trau,  25  N.  W.  Spalatro. 
Lon.  16°  15'  E.  Lat.  44°  30'  N.    Pop.  6,800. 

Sebere,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  near 
Naples.  The  water  of  this  river  supplies  the 
fountains  and  aqueducts  of  that  city. 

Sebese,  or  Pulo  Bicie,  small  isl.  in  the  Straits  of 
Sunda.     Lon.  105°  27'  E.  Lat.  5°  50'  S. 

Sebnitz,  t.  Saxony,  in  Meissen,  20  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Dresden.  Lon.  14°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  59'  N.  Pop. 
2,250. 

Sebola,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  21  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Bastel  Branco,  30  VV.  S.  W.  Guarda. 

Seboo,  or  Subu,  r.  Africa,  which  passes  by  the 
city  of  Fez,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  a  little  be- 
low Marmora. 

Sebzvar,  t.  Persia,  in  Chorasan,  180  m.  N.  W. 
Herat.     Lon.  56°  12'  E.  Lat.  36°  1 1'  N. 

Secas,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  coast  of  Veragua.  Lon.  83°  16 
W.  Lat.  8°  20'  N. 

Seca,  (La,)  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  14  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Valladolid,  8  N.  Medina  del  Campo. 

Seccliia,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Po,  3  m.  N. 
Quistello,  in  Mantua. 

Sechien,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  Persian  Gulf,  141  m.  S.  Sirgian. 

Sechura,  t.  Peru,  in  Truxillo,  on  the  river  Piu-^. 
ra,  about  a  league  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
inhabitants  are  all  Indians,  and  consist  of  nearly 
400  families,  principally  employed  in  fishing  or 
driving  of  mules.  The  Desert  of  Sechura  is  a 
frightful  waste  of  sand,  extending  thirty  leagues. 
180  m.  N.  N.  W.  Truxillo,  30  S.  S.  E.  Payta. 

Seckaii,  t.  Austrian  States,  8  m.  N.  E.  Juden- 
berg. 

Seckenheim,  or  Sohernheim,  t.  Baden,  4  m.  E. 
Manheim. 

Seckingdon,  v.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Tamworth,  117  N.  N.  W.  London. 

Seckingen,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  4  m.  W.  Lau- 
fenburg,  14  E.  Bale.     Lon.  8°  E.  Lat.  47°  34'  N. 

Second  moon,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,245. 

Secundarah,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  28  m.  S.  E.  Delhi, 
68  N.  Agra.    Lon.  78°  7'  E.  Lat.  28°  22'  N. 

Secunderpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Benares,  on  the  De» 
wah,  35  m.  E.  N.  E.  Gazypour. 

Seczeniaga,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Dobruz  Tartary,  on  the  Danube,  20  miles  N.  Kir-, 
sova. 

Sedan,  t.  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse , 
It  19  strongly  fortified,  and  reckoned  one  of  the  key." 


680 


SEE 


of  France.     13i  posts  S.  S.  W,  Lie^e,  30i  E.  N.  E. 
Paris.     Lon.  5°  0'  E.  Lat.  49"  42'  N. 

Sedbergh,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  1 1  m.  N.  Kendal, 
271  N.  London.     Lon.  2°  36'  W.  Lat  54"  13'  N. 

Seddkscomb,  v.  En°;.  in  Sussex,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Battel. 

Sedger  River,  r.  Patagonia,  which  runs  into  the 
Straits  of  iVl  agellan.  The  mouth  is  in  the  W.  part 
of  Port  Famine. 

Sedgjield,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  9  m.  S.  E.  Dur- 
ham, 233  N.  London.  Lon.  T  28'  W.  Lat.  54° 
45' N. 

Sedgley,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  4  m.  S.  Wolverhamp- 
ton, 124  N.  W.  London. 

Sedgmoor,  tract  of  land  Eng.  in  Somersetshire, 
memorable  for  the  defeat  of  the  Duke  of  31on- 
mouth,  in  1685.  It  is  between  Somerton  and 
Bridgewater. 

Sedgtcick,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Penobscot  bay,  6  m.  E.  Castine.  Pop.  1,352. 

Sedre  Passage,  channel  on  the  N.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra, between  Pulo  Nancy  and  King's  Point. 

Sedunova,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena,  12 
m.  N.  Orlenga. 

See  Amol,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  118"  48'  E.  Lat.  5"  27'  N. 

See  Bangog,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lon.  1 J  8°  24'  E.  Lat  4"  1 8'  N. 

Seeassee,  small  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  Archipelago. 
Lon.  120"  50'  E.  Lat  5"  25'  N. 

Seebergen,  t.  Germany,  in  the.  duchy  of  Gotha. 
Here  is  a  celebrated  observatory,  erected  by  a 
late  duke.    4  miles  E.  S.  E.  Gotha, 

Seebgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Ganges,  5  m.  N.  Boglipour. 

Secburg,  t  Prussia,  55  m.  S.  Konigsberg.  Lon. 
20"  40' E.  Lat  53"  31' N. 

Seeching,  or  Scechy,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  4  m.  S 
Lynn,  98  N.  London. 

Seedy  Mdelmoumen,  t.  Algiers,  in  Treme9en,  on 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  good  road 
for  ships,  4  m.  S.  W.  Mejerda. 

Seedy  Abdullah,  t.  Morocco,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Atlantic,  30  m.  N.  Mogadon 

Seedy  Doude,  t.  Tunis,  situated  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  peninsula  of  Dakkul,  surrounded 
with  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Misua.  10  m.  S.  W. 
Cape  Bon,  150  N.  E.  Tunis. 

Seedy  Occuba,  t.  Africa,  in  Zaab,  15  m.  S.  E. 
Biscara. 

Seehausen,  t.  Prussian  States,  40  m.  N.  W.  Bran- 
denburg, 62  W.  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  11"  59'  E. 
Lat  52"  53'  N. 

Seekhonk,  the  name  of  Pawtucket  river  below 
Pawtucket  falls. 

Seekhonk,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the  E.  side  of 
Pawtucket  river,  19  m.  S.  W.  Taunton,  38  S.  S. 
W.  Boston.  The  village  of  Pawtucket  is  partly  in 
this  town. 

Seeland.    See  Zealand. 

Seelburg,  or  Sehnpills,  t.  on  the  Dwina,  50  m.  S. 
E.  Riga,  60  E.  S.  E.  Mittau. 

Seelmv,  t.  Brandenburg,  10  ra.  W.  Custrim,  34 
E.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,500. 

Seeneendoong,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lon.  1 17"  44'  E.  Lat.  7°  48'  N, 

Seeparran,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  118"  23'  E.  Lat  4°  8'  N. 

Seer,  t  Arabia,  in  Ommon,  and  cap.  of  a  princi- 
pality, which  lies  along  the  Persian  GulC  It  has 
a  good  harbour,and  is  the  seat  of  the  schiech.  The 
prince  makes  some  figure  among  the  maritime 
power?  in  these  pail?.    His  navy  is  one  of  tJie 


S  E  G 

most  considerable  in  the  Persian  Gulf.     lOo  m.  W^ 
S.  VV.  Julfar.    Lon.  54"  38'  E.  Lat.  25°  N. 

Seerd,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  55  m.  E.  Di- 
arbek,  100  N.  N.  W.  Mosul. 

Sees,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  on  the  Orne,  2i  posts 
N.  Alen9on,  9  |  S.  Caen.  Lon.  0"  15'  E.  Lat  48° 
36' N. 

Seeseen,  t.  Brunswick,  4  m.  E.  Gandersheim,  40 
W.  Goslar. 

Seeskar,  small  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Lon. 
25"  11' E.  Lat  60°  5' N. 

Seetapoon,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Islamabad. 
Lon.  91°  48'  E.^at  22"  37'  N. 

Seewah.     See  Siwa. 

Seewee  Bay.     See  Sewee. 

Segeborg,  t.  Hoktein,  18  m.  N.  W.  Lubeck,  28 
N.  E.  Hamburg.  Lon.  10"  19'  E.  Lat.  53°  58'  N. 
Pop.  850. 

Segestan,  province,  Persia,  bounded  N.  by  Cho- 
rasan,  E.  by  Candahar,  and  Sablestan,  S.  by  Me- 
cran,  W.  by  Kerman  and  Farsistan,  anciently  call- 
ed Drangiana.    Zareng  is  the  capital. 

Seglinge,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  coast 
of  Finland.     Lon.  20"  30'  E.  Lat.  60"  14'  N. 

Segna,  s-]i.  Morlachia,  on  the  Adriatic,  declar- 
ed a  free  port,  and  erected  into  a  bishopric,  by  the 
Emperor  Joseph  II.  in  the  year  1785.  It  is  ill  built, 
and  weakly  fortified.  Lon.  15"  3'  E.  Lat.  45"  4'  N. 
Pop.  about  7,000. 

Segni,  t.  Popedom,  in  the  Campagria  di  Roma, 
the  see  of  a  bishop,  16  m.  W.  Alatra,  25  S.  E.  Rome. 

Sego,  city,  Africa,  and  capital  of  Bambarra,  on 
the  Niger.  According  to  Mr.  Park,  it  consists, 
properly,  of  four  distinct  towns  ;  two  on  each  side 
of  the  Niger,  and  all  surrounded  with  high  mud 
walls  :  the  houses  are  built  of  clay,  of  a  square 
form,  with  flat  roofs ;  some  of  them  have  two  sto- 
ries, and  many  of  them  are  white-w^ashed.  Moor- 
ish mosques  ai-e  seen  in  every  quarter.  Pop.  es- 
timated by  Mr.  Park  at  30,000.  Lon.  2°  30'  W. 
Lat  14°  10'  N. 

Segonzac,  t  France,  in  Charente  6  m.  S.  E.  Cog- 
nac, 15  W.  Augoulesme.     Pop.  2,550. 

Segorbe,  i.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the  river  Mor- 
viedro,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  35  m.  N.  Valencia,  150 
E.  Madrid.  Lon.  0"  39'  W.  Lat  39"  58'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

Segovia,  city,  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  the  ^  of  a 
bishop,  surrounded  with  a  wall,  flanked  with  tow- 
ers and  a  rampart  It  contains  27  churches,  and 
24  convents.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  ca- 
thedral, and  the  castle  of  Alcazar.  Segovia  has 
ever  been  famous  for  its  wool,  and  formerly  for  its 
manufactures.  It  has  fallen  from  its  ancient  splen- 
dour. The  mint  of  Segovia  was  for  some  years 
the  only  one  in  Spain.  73  m.  E.  Salamanca,  40 
N.  N.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  4°  1'  VV.  Lat.  41°  3<  N. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Segovia,  J^ueva,  t.  island  of  Lu^on,  250  m.  N. 
Manilla. 

Segovia  jVucra,  t.  Caraccas,  150  m.  S.  E.  Vene- 
zuela, 130  S.  W,  Caraccas.  Lon.  68°  16'  W.  Lat. 
8"  50'  N. 

Segra,  r.  Spain,  which  joins  the  Ebro,  near  Me- 
quinez. 

Segre,  t.  France,  in  Mayne  and  Loire,  18  m.  N. 
W.  Angers. 

SegvAri,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Maine,  in  Casco  bay. 
Lon.  69°  20'  W.  Lat  43°  41'  N.  Here  is  a  light 
house. 

Segundo,  cape  on  the  W,  coast  of  Africa.    Lon. 
13°  20' Lat  3°  40' S. 
Segurff.  t,  Spain,  iu  Arragon,  42  ra.  S.  Saragossa. 


S  E  L 


S  £  L 


681 


Stgura,  r.  Spain,  which  rises  in  the  mountains 
of  Murcia,  and  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  16  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Alicant. 

Scgura,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  m.  N.  Rosma- 
rilhal, 

Sehaurunpour,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  circar,  to 
which  it  gives  name,  between  the  Jumnah  and  the 
Ganges,  86  m.  N.  Delhi,  80  S.  S.  W.  Siranagur. 
Lon.  77"  15'  E.  Lat.  30°  4'  N. 

Seheslen,  t.  Prussian  States,  54  ra.  S.  E.  Kon- 
igsberg. 

Seida.     See  Saida. 

Seidenberg,  t.  Silesia,  2  m,  S.  S.  E.  Gorlitz. 

Heiks,  a  people  of  Asia,  who  first  made  their  ap- 
pearance in  Lahore,  as  a  religious  sect,  and  have 
iince  found  means  to  become  masters  of  the  subah 
of  Lahore,  great  part  of  Moultan,  and  the  western 
part  of  Delhi.  Nanock,  the  founder  of  the  Siek 
nation,  was  born  in  the  year  of  the  Christian  era 
1469,  during  the  reign  of  Sultan  Beloul,  at  the 
village  of  Tulwundy,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Lahore. 
k  is  said  they  can  bring  an  army  of  100,000  men 
into  the  field,  all  cavalry. 

Sell,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  5"  37'  W.  Lat.  56"  19'  N. 

Sejla.    See  Zeila. 

Seiland,  small  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  70"  20'  N. 

Sein,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  France,  in  Fin- 
isterre,  2  m.  W.  Point  Raz,  28  S.  S.  E.  Ushant. 
Lon.  4"  42'  W.  Lat.  48"  2'  N. 

Seine,  {La,)  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Cote 
d'Or,  passes  by  Chatillon  sur  Seine,  Troyes,  Paris, 
Rouen,  &c.  and  runs  into  the  English  Channel  at 
Havre  de  Grace. 

Seine,  (La,)  t.  France,  in  Var,  on  a  tongue  of 
land  which  runs  into  the  sea,  3  ra.  S.  Toulon. 

Seine,  Loteer,  a  de])artment  of  France,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  the  English  Channel,  E.  by  Somme 
and  Oise,  and  S.  by  Eure  and  Calvados.  Rouen 
IS  the  capital. 

jSmie  and  Marne,  a  department  of  France, 
bounded  N.  by  Oise  and  Aisne,  E.  by  Mame  and 
Aube,  S.  E.  by  Yonne,  S.  by  Loiret,  and  W.  by 
Loiret  and  Seine-and-Oise.     Melun  is  the  capital. 

Seine  and  Oise,  a  department  of  France,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Oise,  E.by  Seine-and-Marne,  S.  by  Loi- 
ret, and  W.  by  Eure,  and  Eure-and-Loire.  Ver- 
seilles  is  the  capital. 

Seinsheim,  (Markl,)  t.  Germany,  18  m.  S.  E. 
Wurzburg,  28  N.  N.  W.  Anspach. 

SeiT,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  mountain  and  country  in 
the  S.  borders  of  Palestine,  on  the  shore  of  the 
Dead  Sea. 

Seissen,  t.  Saxony,  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Freyberg,  25 
S.  W.  Dresden.     Lon.  13°  27'  E.  Lat.  50°  35'  N. 

SeJKr,  r.  Syria,  which  rises  a  little  N.  of  Antab, 
and  after  a  course  of  30  miles  loses  itself  in  the 
earth. 

Sejur,  t.  Syria,  15  m.  S.  Antab. 

Sekoohoom,  small  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  Archipelago. 
Lon.  120°  20'  E.  Lat.  5°  5/  N. 

Sela,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Arabia  Petrsea. 

Selame,  islands  near  the  Arabian  coast,  at  the 
entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Persia. 

Seibitz,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Saal,  2 
m.  N.  E.  Lichtenberg. 

Selboe,  t.  Norway,  40  m.  S.  E.  Drontheim. 
Selbi/,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Ouse,  famous 
for  thebirthof  Henrvl.  15m.  S.  York,  182 N.Lon- 
don.   Lon.  1"  3'  W."Lat.  53°  48'  N.     Pop.  3,363. 

Scle,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Sa- 
lerno, in  lou.  13°  E.  Jat.  40"  28'  N. 

86 


Selefke,  or  Ilschil,  (axi. Seleucia,)  t.  A.Turkey, 
in  Caramania,  on  a  river  which  soon  after  emp- 
ties itself  into  the  Mediterranean,  opposite  the  isl- 
and of  Cyprus,  110  m.  S.  Konieh.  Lon.  33"  30' 
E.  Lat.  36"  40'  N. 

Selemie,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Nile, 
43  m.  N.  Cairo.' 

Selenga,  r.  which  rises  in  Chinese  Tartary,  and 
crossing  the  confines  of  Russia,  runs  into  the  Bai- 
kal Lake,  50  m.  W.  N.  W.  Yerchnei  Udinsk. 

Selenginsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Selenga  and  the  Chilok.  It  has  a  port  with 
10  cannon  and  a  garrison.  84  m.  S.  E.  Irkutsk, 
274  W.  Nertchinsk.    Lon.  106"  44'  E.  Lat.  51°  N. 

Sslenti,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Selenti,  45  m.  E.  Alanieh,  65 
W.  Kiutaja.     Lon.  29"  18'  E.  Lat.  39"  3'  N. 

Seleiicia,  in  Sac.  Geog.  There  were  several 
cities  of  this  name  :  one  in  Mesopotamia,  on  the 
Tigris,  commonly  called  Great  Seleusia ;  another 
in  Pisidia,  between  Antioch  and  Pergas ;  another 
the  cliief  city  of  Cilicia,  near  to  Antioch  and  op- 
posite the  island  of  Cyprus,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Orontes. 

Seliakinsko,  an  ostrog  of  Russia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Eniaei,  260  miles  N.  N. 
W.  Turuchansk.     Lon.  85"  14'  E.  Lat.  69"  55'  N. 

Seligenstadt,  t.  Hesse-Darmstadt,  on  the  Main, 
12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Franckfort  on  the  Maine,  9  N.  W, 
Aschaffenburg.  Lon.  8"  46'  E.  Lat  49"  59'  N. 
Pop.  2,350. 

Selim.     See  Salem. 

Selimabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  12  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Burdwan.     Lon.  87" 48'  E.  Lat.  23"  5'  N. 

Selimbria.     See  Seliiria. 

Selimpour,  t.  Bengal,  24  m.  N.  W.  Burdwan. 
Lon.  87"  35'  E.  Lat.  23"  23'  N. 

Selingue.    See  Selenga. 

5eim'sg/-ore,p- V.Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

Selivria,  or  Selijnbria,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, on  the  N.  side  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  with 
an  old  ruinous  castle,  34  m.  W.  Constantinople. 
Lon.  28"  12'  E.  Lat.  40°  52'  N. 

Selkakari,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  24°  54'  E.  Lat.  65"  36'  N. 

Selkirk,  t.  Scotland,  and  cap.  of  a  county  to 
which  it  gives  name,  on  the  river  Ettrick,  37  m.  S. 
Edinburgh,  359  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  52'  W.  Lat. 
55°  35'  N.     Pop.  2,098. 

Selkirkshire,  co.  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by  Pee- 
bles and  Edinburgh,  E.by  Ro.xburgh,  S.  by  Dum- 
fries, and  W.  by  Dumfries  and  Peebles.  It  was 
formerlyalso  called  the  sheriffdom  of /'rtrtcA;  Foresty 
from  an  extensive  royal  forest  of  that  name.  Pop. 
5,889. 

Sellempour,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  42  m.  S.  E.  Goo- 
racpour.     Lon.  84"  12'  E.  Lat.  26"  15'  N. 

Seller'' s  tavern,  p-v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Selles,  t.  France,  in  Loir  and  Cher,  on  the  Cher, 
14  m.  S.  W.  Romorantin,  21  S.  Blois. 

SeUiiiagur,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Ganges,  60  m.  W.  Kairabad. 

Selmas,  t.  Persia,  in  Adirbeitzan,  75  m.  W.  S. 
W.  'J^abris,  70  E.  Van.  Lon.  45"  20'  E.  Lat.  37" 
45'  N. 

Selonda,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Cumba- 
va.     Lon.  1 17"  34'  E.  Lat.  8"  5'  S. 

Sclsea,  or  Selsej^,  v.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  on  a  penin- 
sula formed  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  called  Selsea 
Harbour,  8  m.  S.  Chichester. 

Selsea  Bill,  cape,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Eng.  in  Sus- 
sex.    Lon.  0°  50'  \y.  Lat.  50"  41'  N. 


eat 


s  E  M 


Sehertovm,  or  Ellicotsville,  p-l,  Adams  co,  Mis- 
sissippi, 15  m.  N.  E.  Natchez, 

Sellers,  or  Meder  Sellers,  t.  Germany,  21  m.  N. 
Mentz,  SOE.Coblentz. 

Seltschan,  or  Sedlezanyt  *•  Bohemia,  38  m.  S. 
frague.     Lon.  14°  25'  E.  Lat.  49°  42'  N. 

iSe//2r,  t.  Erance,  in  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Rliine, 
22  m.  N,  N.  E.  Strasburg,  18  S.  Landau. 

Selva,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  35  m.  N.  E.  Gerona.  Lon.  3°  2' 
E.  Lat.  42°  20' N. 

Selva,  small  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Venice.  Lon. 
14°  5'  E.  Lat.  44°  38'  N. 

Selvig,  t  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Samsoe.    Lon.  10"  36'  E.  Lat.  55°  52'  N. 

Sem,  r.  Russia,  which  passes  by  Kursk,  and 
unites  with  the  Deraa  near  Sosnitza. 

Semana,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  35  m.  S.  Sirhind. 
ton.  75°  33'  E.  Lat.  29°  23'  N. 

Semao,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea,  about  24  miles 
long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  6  to  10  broad ;  sepa- 
rated from  the  S.  W.  end  of  the  island  of  Timor,  by 
a  narrow  channel,  called  The  Strait  of  Semao. 
Lon.  123°  45' E.  Lat.  10°  15' S. 

Semar,  r.  Switz.  which  rises  in  Mount  Cenis, 
and  falls  into  the  Doria  at  Susa. 

Semaue,  or  Semauat,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 170  m.  N.  W.  Bassora,  115  S.  E.  Bagdad. 
Lon.  45°  15'  E.  Lat.  31°  55'  N. 

Semegonda,  t.  Africa,  in  Wangara,  on  the  Ni- 
ger.   Lon.  22°  30'  E.  Lat.  15°  22'  N. 

Semendria,  t.  and  fortress,  Servia,  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Danube.  It  has  been  frequently  taken  and 
retaken  by  the  Turks  and  Hungarians.  20  m.  S. 
E.  Belgrade,  50  S.  Temcsvar.  Lon.  20M1'  E. 
Lat.  44"  52'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Seme7ijan;  t.  Grand  Bukliaria,  70  m.  W.  Ande- 
rab,  60  S.  E.  Balk.    Lon.  66"  50'  E.  Lat.  36°  22'  N. 
Semennud,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  E.  bi-anch  of  the 
Nile,  53  m.  N.  Cairo. 

Semenov,  t.  Russia,  in  Niznei  Novgorod,  36  ra. 

N.  Niznei  Novgorod.  Lon.  44°M'E.  Lat.  55°  30' N. 

Scminara,  t.  Napier,   in  Calabria   Ultra.     In 

1783,  it  was  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.     17  m. 

N.  N.  E.  Reggio. 

Seminoles,  Indians,  lately  inhabiting  extensive 
districts  in  Florida.  They  are  a  branch  of  tlie 
great  Muscogee  nation,  the  term  Seminole  mean- 
ing wild,  being  applied  by  the  Creeks  to  all  the 
Tagabonds  of  the  nation.  Tlieir  number,  a  few 
years  since,  was  more  than  6,000,  but  having  be- 
come troublesome  neighbors  on  our  southern  bor- 
ders, General  Jackson  was  directed  to  suppress 
their  depredations.  He  slew  their  chiefs  and 
prophet,  destroyed  their  cattle  and  provisions, 
and  burnt  their  towns  in  retaliation  for  their  of- 
fences. Where  tlie  remnants  of  these  Indians  now 
are  is  not  known.  Sonie  of  them  are  settled  about 
St.  Rose's  bay  in  W.  Florida,  and  others  are  scat- 
tered in  various  places. 

Semipolainoi,  or  Sempalaf,  fortress,  Russia,  in 
Kclivan,  on  the  Irtisch,  248  m.  S.  Kolivan,  616  S. 
E.  Tobolsk.     Lon.  80°  14'  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Semoy,  r.  France,  which  enters  the  Meuse  near 
Chateau  Renard,  in  Ardennes. 

Sempach,  t.  Switz.  situated  on  a  lake,  to  which 
it  gives  name,  7  m.  N.  W.  Lucerne,  24  S.  VV.  Zu- 
rich. 

Semphiropol,  t.  Russia,  in  Tauris,  60  m.  S.  Pere- 
kop.     Lon.  34°  10'  E.  Lat.  45°  8'  N. 

Sempronius,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Skene- 
ateles  lake,  14  m.  S.  £.  Auburn,  li>4  W.  Albany. 
Pop.  3,137. 


SEN 

Semrah,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  38  m.  N.  Chuprah. 
Lon.  84°  51'  E.  Lat.  26°  43'  N. 

Semur  en  Jiuxois,  t  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  30 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Dijon,  48  S.  W.  Langres.  Lon.  A" 
23'  E.  Lat.  47°  29'  N. 

Semur  en  Briennois,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and 
Loire,  2  m.  E.  Marcigny.  Lon.  4°  10'  E.  Lat.  46*" 
16' N. 

Sena,  or  Marzali,  t.  Africa,  in  Mocaranga,  on 
the  river  Zambeze.  Lon.  35°  20'  E.  Lat.  17°  35'  S. 
Senanh,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine  in  the  tribe 
of Judah. 

Se-nan,  city  of  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Koei- 
tcheou,  845  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  107°  E. 
Lat.  27°  56'  N. 

Senamaribo,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic in  lon.  54°  6'  W.  lat.  5°  30'  N. 

Senarpont,  t.  France,  in  Somme,  22  m.  W. 
Amiens,  15  S.  Abbeville. 

Sence,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Anker,  near 
Atherstone. 

Seneca,  lake,  N.  Y.  from  6  to  15  m.  W.  of  Cayu- 
ga lake.  It  is  35  miles  long  and  from  2  to  4  wide- 
It  receives  the  waters  of  Crooked  lake  from  the 
W.  and  discharges  itself  into  Seneca  river. 

Seneca,  r.  N.  Y.  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  Sene- 
ca lake,  and  running  N.  E.  falls  into  Oswego  river 
at  Three  river  point  in  Cicero,  after  a  course  of 
60  miles.  It  recei\  es  the  streams  which  flow  from 
Cayuga,  Owasco,  Skeueateles  and  Onondaga 
lakes.  It  affords  considerable  facilities  for  boat 
navigation. 

Seneca,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario, 
E.  by  Cayuga  co.  S.  by  Tompkins  co.  and  W.  by 
Ontario  co.     Pop.  16,609.     Chief  town,  Ovid. 

Seneca,  p-L  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Seneca  lake, 
16  m.  E.  Canandaigua.  Pop.  3,431.  In  this  towa 
is  Geneva,  which  see. 

Seneca  falls,  p-v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 
Seneca,  co.  Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  formed  ia 
1820,  in  the  Indian  reservation. 

Seneca,  fort,  Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  9  m.  S. 
Fort  Stephenson. 
Seneca,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 
Seneca,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W.  Woodsfield. 
Seneca  mills,  p-v.  Montgomf;ry  co.  Md. 
Scnccaville,  t.  Morgan  co.  O.'iio. 
Seneca  creek,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the  Poto- 
mac 19  m.  N.  W.  of  Rock  Creek. 

Senef,  t.  Brabant,  13  m.  N.  W.  Charleroy,  13 
E.  N.  E.  Mons. 

Senegal,  or  Senegambia,  country,  Africa,  be- 
tween the  Senegal  and  Gambia,  in  which  are  in- 
cluded many  kingdoms  and  states. 

Senegal,  r.  Africa,  formed  by  two  branches,  the 
Kokro  and  the  Bassing,  which  unite  in  about  lat. 
14"  N.  lon.  10°  W.  The  united  stream  runs  about 
150  miles  N.  W.  and  afterwards  W.  till  it  finds 
the  ocean  in  lat.  16"  N.  Its  whole  length  is  more 
than  1,000  miles.  The  French  have  extended 
their  factories  500  miles  from  its  mouth.  The 
bar  prevents  the  entrance  of  ships  of  500  tons. 
The  head  waters  of  this  river  approach  within  40 
miles  of  the  Niger. 

Senegal,  isl.  Africa,  in  the  river  so  called,  about 
H  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  ^  a  mile  from  E.  to 
W.     Lat.  16°  5' N. 

Senetoso,  cape,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Corsica,  20 
m.  S.  W.  Sarcena. 

Senez,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  14  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Digne. 

Se.nftenberg,i.  Prussian  States, 32  m.  N.  E.  Meis- 
sen, 64S.S.E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14°  l'E.Lat.51°31'N. 


S  £  R 

Senglea,  t.  Malta,  divided  by  a  canal  from  \'it- 
toriosa.     Pop.  4,000. 

Sengma,  t.  Africa,  in  Calbari,  5  m.  N.  Cape 
Formosa. 

Seningfiem,  t.  France,  in  straits  of  Calais,  9  m. 
VV.  St.  Omer. 

St7dis,  t.  France,  5J  posts  N.  Paris.  Lon,  '2" 
40'  E.  Lat.  49°  12'  N. 

Senn,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  Tigris,  80  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Mosul. 

Sennaary  kingdom,  Africa,  in  Nubia,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Nile,  between  Egypt  and  Abyssinia. 

Sennaar^  city,  Africa,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
kingdom,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile.  Mr. 
Bruce  says  the  ground  whereon  it  stands,  rises 
just  enough  to  prevent  the  river  from  entering  the 
town,  in  the  height  of  the  inundation.  The  town 
of  Sennaar  is  very  populous,  and  contains  many 
good  houses,  all  built  of  clay.  The  trade  is  not 
great ;  they  have  no  manufactures,  but  the  prin- 
cipal article  of  consumption  is  blue  cotton  cloth 
from  Surat.  The  gold  of  Sennaar  is  esteemed 
the  purest  and  beat  in  Africa.  Lon.  33°  30'  E.  Lat. 
13°  34'  N. 

Sennerat,  isl.  near  theW,  coast  of  West  Green- 
land. Lon.  47°  35'  W.  Lat.  61°  28'  N. 

Senno?ie,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  Naples.  Lon.  11°  E.  Lat.  41°  .3'  N. 

Seno,  r.  which  runs  into  the  S.  branch  of  the 
Fo,  between  Ferrara  and  the  Adriatic. 

Senones,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  9  m.  S.  W.  Sa- 
lem, 33  W.  S.  W.  Strasburg. 

Sens,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Yonne.  Be- 
fore the  revolution  it  was  the  see  of  an  archbish- 
op. 24  posts  N.  N.  W.  Dijon,  13i  S.  S.  E.  Paris. 
Lon.  3"  22'  E.  Lat.  48°  12'  N.     Pop.  8,575. 

Sensaon,  t.  Africa,  in  Fez,  25  m.  S.  Tetuan. 

Sensburg,  t.  Prussia,  66  m.  S.  Konigsberg.  Lon. 
2r23'E.  Lat  53°  44' N. 

Sentinel,  Great,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  10  miles 
in  circumference.  20  m.  S.  W.  Great  Andaman, 
Lon.  92°  40'  E.  Lat.  11°  36'  N. 

Sentinel,  Little,  small  isl,  in  the  E.  Indian  sea, 
8  m.  from  the  Little  Andaman.  Lon.  92°  23'  E. 
Lat.  10°  59'  N. 

Sepharvaim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  town  under  the 
Assyrian  government,  from  which  colonists  were 
sent  to  the  country  of  Samaria.  It  is  probably  the 
same  as  Siphora  in  Mesopotamia,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates. 

Sephour)/,  or  Saffura,  (an.  Sephor,  or  Sephoris,) 
t.  Palestine,  once  the  strongest  town  of  the  coun- 
try, and  capital  of  Galilee,  12  m.  N.  W,  Tabaria. 

Sepra,  or  Sippra,  r.  Hind,  which  joins  the  Cal- 
lysind,  and  forms  the  Chumbul, 

Sepulveda,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the  river 
Duraton,  28  m.  N.  E.  Segovia. 

Sera,  t.  Hind.  58  m.  N,  W.  Bangalore,  55  N. 
Seringapatam.  Lon.  75°  54'  E.  Lat,  13°  28'  N. 

Seraglio,  a  district  of  Italy,  S.  of  Mantua,  in 
which  Augustus  had  some  possessions ;  called  also 
Virgilian  Fields. 

Serajo,  or  Bosna  Serajo,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bos- 
nia, on  the  river  Bosna,  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
230  m.  S.  Vienna,  1 1 8  W.  Belgrade.  Lon.  18°  E. 
Lat,  44"  26' N. 

Serampore,  a  Danish  settlement,  Hind,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Hoogly,  15  m,  N.  of  Calcutta.  It 
is  the  chief  station  of  the  Baptist  missions  in  India, 
The  missionaries  arrived  here  in  1799,  and  have 
ever  since  been  engaged  in  preaching  to  the  na- 
tives, and  in  translating  and  printing  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  la  1818,  more  than  600  of  the  heathen 


S  E  R 


683 


had  embraced  Christianity  ;  the  whole  Bible  had 
been  translated  and  printed  in  five  of  the  lan- 
guages of  India,  and  the  New  Testament  in  eight 
more.  At  the  same  time  12  other  versions  of  the 
New  Testament  were  in  the  press.  One  of  the 
languages  in  which  the  whole  Bible  is  translated, 
and  the  New  Testament  printed,  is  the  Chinese, 
which  is  spoken  by  more  than  150,000,000  peo- 
ple. The  printing  office  is  an  extensive  establish- 
ment, and  10  presses  are  kept  constantly  employ- 
ed.— The  schools  established  by  the  missionaries 
for  the  gratuitous  instruction  of  children,  con- 
tained m  1819,  nearly  10,0i)0  scholars.  For  a 
number  of  years  the  missionaries  have  employed 
native  convei  is  in  instructing  their  fellow-coun- 
trymen with  good  success.  A  college  for  the  edu- 
cation of  native  preachers  has  been  recently  es- 
tablished, and  contained  in  1819, 37  pupils.  The 
Rev,  Mr.  Ward,  one  of  the  missionaries,  collected 
in  the  year  1820,  |25,000in  Britain  and  Ameri- 
ca towards  completing  this  establishment,  and  the 
missionaries  contributed  ;J1 1,000  towards  the 
same  object  out  of  the  proceeds  of  their  own  la- 
bor, 

Serangan,  isl.  in  the  E,  Indian  sea,  15  miles 
long,  and  3  broad,  Lon.  125°  20'  E.  Lat.  5' 
25' N. 

Serat,  or  Sertd,  or  Ssered,  t.  Hungary,  on  the 
rirer  Waag,  27  m.  E.  Presburg,  58  E.  Vienna. 

Seray,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  11  m.  N.  Chuprah. 
Lon.  84°  53'  E.  Lat,  25°  58'  xN. 

Seraya,  t.  Hind,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Jum- 
nah,  42  m,  S.  E,  Agra. 

Seraya,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  20  m.  S,  Bettiah. 
Lon,  84°  53'  E,  Lat,  26°  28'  N. 

Serbora.     See  Sherbro. 

Serbori,  Lake.     See  Dead  Sea. 

Sercelli.     See  Shershell. 

Strchio,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 4  m.  N,  N.  W,  Pisa. 

Serdao,  (O,)  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  18  m.  S, 
Sines,  30  W.  N,  W,  Ourique. 

Serdob,  t,  Russia,  in  Saratov,  on  the  Donetz,  72 
m.  N,  W,  Saratov.  Lon.  44"  64'  E.  Lat.  52" 
30' N. 

Serdobol,  t,  Russia,  in  Viborg,  on  the  lake  La- 
doga, 60  m,  N,  N.  E.  Viborg.  Lon.  30°  14'  E,  Lat. 
61°45'N. 

Serdze  Kamen,  cape  on  the  N.  E,  coast  of  Rus- 
sia, in  the  Frozen  sea,  Lon,  170°  25'  E.  Lat.  67° 
3'N, 

Serebrianka,  gulf  of  Russia,  on  the  W,  coast  of 
Nova  Zembla,  Lon.  52°  14'  E,  Lat,  75°  25'  N, 

Sered,  or  Serf,  t.  Curdistan,  on  the  Tigris,  75 
m,  S.  E.  Diarbekir,  280  N.  N,  W,  Bagdad. 

Seregippe.     See  Scrgipe. 

Serena,  (^La.")     See  Coquimbo. 

Serene,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon,  39°  50' 
E.  Lat.  19°  30'  N. 

Serctkina,  t,  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Angara, 
24  m,  E,  S.  E,  Balaganskoi, 

Seret,  or  Sereth.     See  Siret. 

Serga,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Volga,  40  m,  S,  .4stra- 
cau, 

Sergng,  t,  Russia,  in  Niznei  Novgorod,  48  m. 
S.  E,  Niznei  Novgorod.  Lon,  45°  20' E,  Lat,  56° 
50'  N, 

Sergiev,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Enisei,  72 
m.  N.  Eniseisk, 

Sergievsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha,  180  m.  W,  Upha, 
Lon.  54°  44' E.  Lat  54"  N. 

Sergines,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  13  m.  S,  Provins, 
9  N.  Sens. 


684 


S  K  K 


Sergipe,  or  Sergipe  del  Rey,  t.  Brazil,  near  the 
coast  of  the  Atlantic,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
140  m.  N.  E.  St  Salvador.  Lon.  38°  36'  W.  Lat. 
11°  42'  S. 

Serignac,  t.  France,  in  Finisterrc,  10  m.  N. 
Carhaix,  10  S.  Morlaix. 

Serigni,  seaport  of  Java,  in  the  straits  of  Sunda. 

Serigo.     See  Cerigo. 

Serin,  or  Serain,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the 
Yonne,  between  Auxerre  and  Joiguy. 

Serine,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  44  m.  S. 
E.  Saloniki. 

Seringapatam,  city,  Hind.  cap.  of  Mysore,  on 
an  island  in  the  Cauvery.  In  1799,  the  British, 
after  a  siege  of  a  few  days,  toolc  it  by  assault,  with 
military  stores,  treasure  and  jewels  to  the  amount 
of  1,143,216/.  sterling.  The  fall  of  this  city  put 
the  whole  kingdom  of  Mysore  into  the  power  of 
the  British.  215  m.  W.  S.  W.  Madras.  Lon.  76° 
48'  E.  Lat.  12°  33'  N. 

Seringham,  isl.  Hind,  in  the  river  Cauver,  4  m. 
N.  E.  Tritchinopoli. 

Serinpole,  t.  Africa,  in  Cayor,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Senegal.  Lon.  15°  50'  W.  Lat.  16°  50'  N. 

Serio,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Adda  at  Piz- 
zighitone. 

Serkeisk,  t.  Russia,  in  Kaluga,  44  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Kaluga.  Lon.  34°  34' E.  Lat.  54'  16' N. 

Serkes.     See  Tserkesk. 

Sermaises,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  7  m.  N.  Pithi- 
viers. 

Sermatta,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  22  miles  long, 
and  6  broad.  Lon.  129°  13'  E.  Lat.  8°  9'  S. 

Sermesok,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  West  Green- 
land. Lon.  47°  45'  W.  Lat.  61°  50'  N. 

Semitone,  t.  and  castle,  Italy,  on  a  neck  of  land 
running  into  Lake  Garda,  with  a  harbour.  16  m. 
W.  Verona. 

Sermonetta,  t.  Popedom,  on  a  mountain  difficult 
of  access,  13  m.  S.  Veletri. 

Serna,  La,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  24  m.  N.  Palen- 
cia. 

Sermur,  t.  France,  in  Creuse,  6  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Auzance. 

Sernanchella,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10m.  S.  S. 
W.  St.  Joao  de  Pesquiera,  19  S.  E.  Lamego. 

Scmetiy,  t.  Bengal,  30  m.  E.  S.  E.  Calcutta. 

Sernst,  t.  Switz.in  Glari?,  3  m.  S.  Glaris, 

Seroglasorskaia,  fort,  Russia,  in  the  government 
of  Caucasus,  on  the  Volga,  24  m.  N.  W.  Astra- 
chan. 

Seronge,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  132  m.  N.  E.  Ou- 
gein,  192  S.  Agra.  Lon.  78°  4'  E.  Lat.  24°  5'  N. 

Serpa,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Mourao,  81  S.  E.  Lisbon. 

Serpentara,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia. Lon.  10°  2'  E.  Lat.  39"  18'  N. 

Serpho,  ('an.  Seriphus,)  isl.  in  the  Grecian  arch- 
ipelago, 36  miles  in  circumference.  The  moun- 
tains are  rugged  and  steep.  Lon.  24°  34'  E.  Lat. 
37°  10'  N. 

Serphant,  v.  Syria,  supposed  to  be  the  ancient 
Sarepta,  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Said. 

Serpuchov,  t.  Russia,  in  Moscow,  40  m.  S.  Mos- 
cow. Lon.  37°  2'  E.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Serrae,  t  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  the  see 
of  a  Greek  archbishop,  36  m.  E.  N.  E.  Saloniki. 

Serrain,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  40  m.  S.  W. 
Mecca.  Lon.  21°  5' N. 

Serrana,  or  Pearl  Island,  small  isl .  in  the  Ca- 
ribbean sea.    Lon.  78°  50'  W.  Lat.  14°  50'  N. 

Serranilla  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  in 


S  E  V 

ihc  bay  of  Honduras.  Lon.  80°  10'  W.  Lat.  16" 
10'  N. 

iserravalle,  v.  Tyi^olj  5  m.  S.  S.  W.  Roveredo. 

Serracalle,  t.  Italy,  24  m.  S.  E.  Mantua. 

Serravalle,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  in  the  Trevisan. 
It  contains  30  churches,  2  monasteries,  2  nunne- 
ries, and  5,000  inhabitants.  2  m.  N.  Ceneda. 

Serres,  t.  France,  in  Higher  Alps,  24  ra.  W.  S. 
W.  Gap,  18  N.  N.  W.  Sisteron.  Lon.  5°  8'  E.  Lat. 
44°  26'  N. 

Serris,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  15  m.  S.  E.  Saseram. 
Lon.  84°  26'  E.  Lat.  24"  51'  N. 

Sertam,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  24  m.  N. 
E.  Thomar. 

Serveretfe,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Mende,  7  S.  S.  E.  St.  Chely  d'Apcher. 

Serug,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  12  m.  S^ 
Ourfa. 

Servia,  province,  Eu.  Turkey,  bounded  N.  by 
Bosnia  and  Sclavonia,  E.  by  Walachia  and  Bul- 
garia, S.  by  Macedonia  and  Albania,  and  W.  by 
Bosnia  and  Dalmatia. 

Servicres,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Tulle,  13  S.  W.  Mauriac. 

Seseme  Q,uian,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the 
N.  side  of  the  Illinois,  190  m.  above  its  mouth.  It 
is  navigable  for  boats  60  miles. 

Sesia,  r.  Italy,  which  rises  in  the  Alps,  and  rum 
into  the  Po,  a  little  below  Casal. 

Seskar,  small  isl.  in  the  N.  part  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.  Lon.  23°  39'  E.  Lat.  65"  38'  N. 

Seskar,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Finland.  Loo. 
28°  14'  E.  Lat.  59°  57'  N. 

Sestos,  fort,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  opposite 
Abydos,  24  m.  S.  S.  W.  Gallipoli.  Lon.  26°  25'  E. 
Lat.  40°  6' N. 

Sestos,  r.  which  rises  in  tlie  mountains  of  Sierra 
Leone,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  5°  30'  N. 

Sestre-Kro,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  Coast.  Lon. 
8°26' W.  Lat.  5"  5' N. 

Sestre,  Grand,  or  Great  Paris,  t.  Africa,  on  the 
Grain  coast.  Lon.  8°  20'  VV.  Lat.  4°  16'  N. 

Se-icheou,  city,  China,  of  the  fii-st  i-ank,  in  Koei- 
tcheou,  982  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  108°  E. 
Lat.  27°  10' N. 

Set-ching,  or  Se-tchin,  city,  China,  of  the  first 
rank,  in  Quang-si,  1,100  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon. 
105°  54°  E.  Lat.  24°  17'  N. 

Se-tchuen,  province,  China,  bounded  N.  by 
Chen-si,  E.  by  Hou-quang,  S.  byKoei-tcheou,and 
VV.  by  the  kingdom  of  Thibet.  The  capital  is 
Tchin-tou. 

Seteef,  (an.  Sitipha,)  t.  Africa,  50  m.  S.  W. 
Constantina.  Lon.  5°  36'  E.  Lat.  35°  58'  N. 

Setines.     See  Jlthens. 

Setledge,     See  Sutelege. 

Selte,  t.  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a  country  of  the 
same  name,  in  Loango,  on  the  river  Sette,  160  m. 
N.  Loango. 

Settia,  t.  island  of  Candia,  anciently  called 
Cylhceum.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  44  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Candia.  Lon.  26°  3'  E.  Lat.  35°  3'  N. 

Settle,  t.  Eng.  in  York,  ou  the  Ribble,  59  m.  W. 
York,  235  N.  London.  Lon.  2°  12'  W.  Lat.  54° 
8'N. 

Seluval,  or  St.  Ubes,  a  strong  seaport  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Estremadura,  in  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sandao,  with  a  good  harbour  and 
considerable  trade.  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lisbon.  Lon. 
8°53'E.  Lat.  38°  29' N.     Pop.  12,000. 

Sevastopol,  seaport,  Russia,  on  the  Black  sea, 


S  E  V 

with  an  excellent  harbour.     80  m.  S.  Pereltop. 
I,on.  33°  24'  E.  Lat.  44°  45'  N. 

Seudre,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  sea  op- 
posite the  isle  of  Oleron,  in  Ion.  1°  5'  W.  lat.  45° 
49' N. 

Seve,  t.  France,  in  Seine  and  Oise,  celebrated 
for  its  manufacture  of  china,  li  posts  S.  W.  Pa- 
ris, 1  i  N.  E.  Versailles. 

Seven,  r.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  which  runs  into  the 
Derwent. 

Seven  Brothers,  small  islands  near  the  N.  coast 
ofHispaniola.  Lon.  72°  35' W.  Lat.  19°  53' N. 

Seven  Islands,  islands  N.  of  Spitzbergen.  Lon. 
20°  VV.  Lat.  80°  48' N. 

Seteri  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian  sea. 
Lon.  105°  21' E.  Lat.  1°9'S. 

Seven  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  English 
channel,  near  the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  3°  23'  W. 
Lat.  48°  54'  N. 

Seven  Islands.     See  Ionian  Islands. 

Seven  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Canada,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  66°  5' 
W.  Lat.  50"  10'  N. 

Seven  Islands'*  Bay,  bay  of  Canada,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Lon.  66"  25'  W. 
Lat.  50°  5'  N. 

Seven  Rocks^  Point,  cape  in  the  English  chan- 
nel, on  the  coast  of  Dorsetshire,  3  m.  S.  W.  Lyme 
Regis. 

Sevenheads,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  7 
m.  S.  W.  the  Old  Head  of  Kinsale. 

Sei^ennes,  or  Cevennes,  mountains,  France, 
crossing  the  department  of  the  Lozere,  particu- 
larly memorable  as  being  the  strong  hold  of  the 
Protestants  in  the  17th  century. 

Sevenoaks,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  near  the  river  Da- 
rent,  7  m.  N,  W.  Tunbridge,  23  S.  E.  London. 
Lon.  0°  11'  E.  Lat.  31°  14'  N. 

Severac  le  Chateau,  t.  France,  in  Aveiron,  36 
m.  N.  Lodeve,  21  E.  Rhodez.  Lon.  3°  9'  E.  Lat. 
44°  19'  N. 

Severia,  or  Sietveirs,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  4  m. 
N.  W.  Cracow. 

Severin,  or  Szoreny,  t.  Walachia,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 6  m.  W.  Csernitz,  12  E.  Orsova. 

Severn,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  in  Montgomery- 
t-hire.  It  passes  by  Shrewsbury,  Bewdley,  Wor- 
cester, Tewkesbury,  and  Gloucester,  and  falls 
into  the  Bristol  Channel.  A  communication  be- 
tween this  river  and  the  Thames,  the  Trent,  the 
Dee,  and  the  Mersey,  and  other  rivers,  has  lately 
been  opened  by  different  canals. 

Severn,  r.  N.  America,  which  rune  into  Hud- 
son's bay.  Lon.  88°  W.  Lat.  56"  N. 

Severn,  r.  Upper  Canada,  which  runs  from  lake 
Simcoe  to  lake  Huron. 

Severn,  r.  on  the  western  shore  of  Md.  which 
passes  by  Annapolis,  and  falls  into  the  Chesapeake 
2  miles  below. 

Severndroog,  seaport,  Hind,  in  Concan,  68  m. 
S.  Bombay,  70  W.  S.  W.  Poonali.  Lon.  72°  50' 
E.  Lat.  17°  55'  N. 

Sevier,  co.  East  Tennessee,  on  French  broad 
river.     JPop.  4,595,  including  294  slaves. 

Sevierville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Sevier  co.  East  Ten- 
nessee, on  a  branch  of  French  broad  river,  30  m. 
S.  E.  Knoxville. 

Seville,  or  Sevilla,  province,  Spain,  bounded  N. 
by  Estremadura  and  Cordova,  E.  by  Grenada,  S. 
by  the  straits  of  Gibraltar  and  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  the  Atlantic  and  Portugal. 

Seville,  (an.  Hispalis,)  city,  Spain,  cap.  of  a 
province,  and  in  the  time  of  the  Moors,  of  a  king- 


S  E  Y 


685 


dom ;  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  on  the  Gua- 
dalquivir. The  Gothic  kings  resided  here  before 
they  removed  their  court  to  Toledo.  Ferdinand, 
the  third  king  of  Castile,  after  a  year's  siege, 
forced  Seville  to  open  its  gates  to  him  ;  at  this 
time  it  is  said  to  have  contained  600,000  inhabit- 
ants. 300,000  Moors  left  the  city  upon  the  ca- 
pitulation, yet  it  still  enjoyed  the  rank  of  one  of 
the  most  considerable  cities  in  Spain.  Its  most 
brilliant  epocha  was  after  the  discovery  of  Ameri- 
ca, when  all  the  new  found  treasures  were 
brought  hither,  and  merchants  from  all  parts 
came  to  open  houses  of  commerce ;  but  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years  it  fell  from  the  highest 
pitch  of  grandeur  to  solitude  and  poverty,  by  the 
danger  and  embarrassments  in  the  navigation  of 
the  Guadalquivir.  The  superior  excellence  of 
the  port  of  Cadiz  caused  it  to  decline.  Seville  is 
in  a  vast  plain,  of  a  circular  form,  and  surround- 
ed with  walls,  flanked  with  towers.  It  contains 
29  parish  churches,  77  convents,  24  hospitals,  24 
squares,  and  an  university.  The  cathedral  is 
the  largest  Gothic  building  in  Spain;  and  by 
some  supposed  to  be  the  largoet  church  in  the 
world,  next  to  St.  Peter's  at  Rome.  The  royal 
palace,  called  Alcacai',  stands  near  the  cathe- 
dral, and  is  very  spacious.  Lon.  6°  8'  W.  Lat. 
37°12'N.     Pop.  80,268. 

Severe  Mortoise,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the 
sea,  7  m.  W.  Marance. 

Sever,  or  Sevre  Kantoise,  r.  France,  which  runs 
into  the  sea  opposite  Nantes. 

Severs,  (Two,)  department,  France,  bounded 
N.  by  Maine  and  Loire,  E.  by  Vienne,  S.  by  Cha- 
rente  and  Lower  Charente,  and  W.  by  Vendee ; 
Niort  is  the  capital. 

Sevrihisar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Sevri  and  Sakaria.  60  m.  W.  An- 
gura,  30  S.  Boli.     Lon.  32°  2'  E.  Lat.  39°  53'  N. 

Geurre,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'0r,21  m.  S.  Dijon, 
6  S.  St.  Jean  de  Losne.  Lon.  5°  12'  E.  Lat.  46" 
58' N. 

Sevsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Orel,  on  the  Sev.  56  m.  S. 
W.  Orel.  Lon.  34°  44'  E.  Lat.  52°  15'  N. 

Scwa  Bay.     See  Boni  Bay. 

Sm-ad,  province  of  Candahar,  on  the  VV.  side 
of  the  Indus. 

Seican,  or  AlUgunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  32  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Chuprah.  Lon.  84°  32'  E.  Lat.  26° 
11' N. 

Sewee  Bay,  or  BulVs  Harbor,  on  the  coast  of 
S.  C.  between  cape  Roman  and  Charleston  har- 
bor. 

Seu-ickly,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Youghiog- 
any,  9  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Mononga- 
hela. 

Seicickly,  JVew,  t  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  878. 

Sewickly,  North,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,323. 

Sexton'' s  River,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  the  Con- 
necticut, 1  m.  below  Bellows  Falls. 

Seychelles,  isl.  in  the  Indian  ocean,  N.  E.  of 
Madagascar,  72  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  55° 
35' E.  Lat.  4°  34' S. 

Seyde.     See  Saide. 

Seydeivitz,  r.  Saxony,  which  runs  into  the  Elbe 
near  Pirna. 

Seyer  Oi,  isl.  of  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegal, 
about  8  miles  long,  and  hardly  one  broad,  5  m. 
from  Zealand.  Lon.  11°  11'  E.  Lat.  55°  53  N. 

Seylone,  t.  Hindostan,  in  Oude,  15  m.  S.  E.  Ba- 
relly. 

Scyman,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  57°  30'  E. 
Lat.  15°  20'  N. 


686 


S  H  A 


Seymore,  i.  Northumberland  co.  Upper  Canada, 
ou  1  rent  river,  W.  of  Kingston. 

iSeyssd,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  Rhone,  15  m. 
E.  St.  Rambert,  13  N.  Belley. 

Sezanne,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  30m.  S.  W.  Cha- 
lons sur  Marne.  Lon.  3°  48'  E.  Lat.  48"  42'  N. 

Sezulfe,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Monies,  7  m. 
N.  E.  Mirandela. 

Sezza,  t.  Popedom,  35  ra.  E.  S.  E.  Rome. 

Sezza,  t.  Naples,  29  m.  N.  N.  W.  Naples,  72  S. 
E.  Rome.  Lon.  13°  34' E.  Lat.  41"  19' N. 

Sfax,  or  El  Sfakusse,  t.  Tunis,  45  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Gairoan.  Lon.  10"  56'  E.  Lat.  34°  49'  N. 

Sgigala,  or  Slora,  (an.  Rusicada,)  t.  Algiers, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  30  m.  W.  Bona.  Lon. 
6"  40'  E.  Lat.  36°  48'  N. 

Sgigatchee,  or  Shigatchee  Jeung,  t.  Thibet,  130 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Lassa.  Lon.  88°  52'  E.  Lat.  29° 
5'N. 

Shaalbon,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of  Dan. 

Shab,  t.  Africa,  in  Nubia,  400  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Cairo.  Lon.  30°  30'  E.  Lat.  23°  35'  N. 

Shabak,  seaport  of  Nubia,  in  the  Red  sea.  Lat. 
18°  56'  N. 

Shabur,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Nile, 
50  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cairo,  48  S.  E.  Alexandria.  Lon. 
31°  E.  Lat.  30°  47'  N. 

Shackleford,  p-v.  King-and-Queen  co.  Va. 

Shade,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  10  m. 
S.  of  the  Hockhocking. 

Shaduan,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  33° 
68' E.  Lat.  27°  28' N. 

Shafleibury,  or  Shaston,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire. 
It  is  a  borough  town,  and  sends  two  members  to 
parliament.  28  m.  N.  E.  Dorchester,  102  W.  S. 
W.  London.  Lon.  2"  2ff  W.  Lat.  51°  2'  N.  Fop. 
2,633. 

Shaftsbury,  p-t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  6  m.  N. 
Bennington.     Pop.  1,973.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Shagr,  t.  Syria,  in  Aleppo,  140  m.  N.  Damas- 
cus, 40  W.  Aleppo.  Lon.  36°  25'  E.  Lat.  35° 
45' N. 

Shahabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  45  m.  W.  Kaira- 
bad.  Lon.  80°  20'  E.  Lat.  27"  40'  N. 

Shahjehanpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwah,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Ougein,  196  S.  Agimere,  Lon.  76°  18' E.  Lat.  23° 
26' N. 

Shahjehanpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Fyzabad.  Lon.  82°  40'  E.  Lat.  26°  26'  N. 

Shahjehanpour  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  14  m.S.  S.  E. 
Patna.  Lon.  85°  30'  E.  Lat.  25°  24'  N. 

Shahjole,  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Rau- 
jeshy,  E.  by  Mahmudshy,  S.  by  Jessore,  and  W. 
by  Kishenagur,  about  30  miles  long,  and  from  5 
to  10  broad. 

Shaigi,  t.  Nubia,  on  an  island  in  the  Nile,  130 
m.  E.  Dongala.  Lon.  50"  45'  E.  Lat.  20°  20'  N. 

Shaima,  t  Persia,  in  Mecran,  on  the  sea  coast, 
200  m.  W.S.  W.Kidge. 

Shaisar,  t.  Syria,  in  Damascus,  on  the  Oron- 
tes,  20  m.  N.  Hamah. 

Shakerstown,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.     Pop.  298. 

Shakertown,  t.  Knox  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Wa- 
bash, 18  m.  above  Vincennes.  It  is  settled  by  the 
Shakers,  and  consists  of  8  or  10  large  log-houses, 
containing  200  inhabitants,  who  live  together  in  4 
families. 

Shakespeare  Cliff,  or  High  Cliff,  lofty  clifT  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Eng.  in  Kent,  4  m.  S.  Dover. 

Shalberis,  circar  of  Hind,  bounded  N.  by  Gora- 
got  and  Bettoor.'ah,  E.  and  S.  by  Bettooriah,  and 
W.  by  Bettooriah  and  Diuagepoar;  about  18 


S  H  A 

miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  nearly  the  same  from  E. 
to  W.     Carree  is  the  chief  town. 

Shalem,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Jerusalem. 

Shalersville,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  3  m.  N.  Ra- 
venna. 

Sham,  El.     See  Damascus. 

Shambles,  or  Shingles,  bank  of  sand  in  the  Eng- 
lish channel,  near  the  coast  of  Dorsetshire,  4  m. 
E.  by  S.  Portland  Bill,  with  14  feet  at  low  water. 

Shamburg,  t.  Washington  co.  Mississippi. 

Shamokin,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Susqua- 
hannah,  1  m.  below  Sunbury. 

Shandaken,  p-t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  W. 
Kingston.     Pop.  1,002. 

Shaiiesville,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Shannon,  r.  Ireland,  which  rises  from  Lough 
Clean,  and  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  betv/sen  Kerry  Head  and  Lean  Cape. 

Shunk^s  Island^  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about 
15  miles  from  E.  to  W.  and  18  from  N.  to  S.  Lon. 
163°  E.  Lat.  28°  S. 

Shap,  t.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  16  m.  N.  Ken- 
dal, 273  N.  London. 

Shapinsha,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands,  6  miles 
long,  a  little  N.  of  the  E.  part  of  Pomona.  Lon.  2° 
44'  W.  Lat.  58°  55'  N.     Pop.  744. 

Shapleigh,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  33  m.  N.  W. 
York.     Pop.  2,362. 

Shapoota  Hills,  mountainous  ridge,  Hind,  be- 
tween the  Nerbuddah  and  Taptee,  60  m.  E.  Su- 
ral. 

Shaps,  isl.  in  the  Chesapeake,  27  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Annapolis.  Lon.  76°  25'  W.  Lat.  38°  46'  N. 

Sharm  el  Kiman,  harbour  in  the  Red  sea,  on 
the  coast  of  Eg>'pt.  Lat.  24°  44'  N. 

Sharmak,  seaport,  Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast,  13 
m.  W.  Commeudo. 

Sharon,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  33  m.  S.  Con- 
cord.    Pop. 446. 

Sharon,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,363. 

Sharon,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10  m.  S.  Dedham, 
17  S.  W.  Boston.    Fop.  1,000. 

Sharon,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  W.  side 
of  tiie  Housatonnuc,  47  m.  W.  Hartford.  Fop. 
2,606.  It  contains  an  academy.  The  village  is 
pleasantly  built,  and  consists  of  50  or  60  houses, 
with  2  churches. 

Sharon,  p-t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  W.  Scho- 
harie, 45  from  Albany.     Pop.  3,751. 

Sharon,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

Sharon,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N.  E.  Raven- 
na.    Pop.  in  1815,  .300. 

Sharon,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  N.  Colum- 
bus.    Fop.  in  1819,  1,060. 

Sharpsbiirg,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Md.  2  m.  from 
the  Potomac,  9  N.  N.  W.  Williamsport.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  and  250  houses. 

Skarpsbnrg,  t.  Haaiilton  co.  Ohio. 

Sharptown,  p-t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

Skat  ul  Arab,  t.  formed  by  the  united  streams 
of  tlie  I'igris  and  Euphrates,  near  Corna,  which 
empties  itself  into  the  Persian  gulf. 

Shavoya,  province  of  Morocco,  to  the  S.  of  Fez, 
andW.ofTedla. 

Shaur,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  34"  58'  E. 
Lat.  27°  20' N. 

Shawns  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
at  the  entrance  of  Cook's  Inlet.  Lon.  207°  16'  E. 
Lat.  59°  N. 

Shawanese,  t.  Kent  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  St. 
Clair  river. 

Shawangunk,  p-t  Ulster  co.  N,  Y.  17  m.  W. 


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Nevpburgh,  26  S.  \V.  Kingston.  Pop.  3,062.  It 
contains  '2  churches  for  Dutch  Reformed. 

Shau'gunge,  t.  Hind,  in  Oiide,  on  the  left  bank 
of  Dewah,  opposite  Fyzabad, 

Shaicmgunge,  t,  Bengal,  18  m.  W.  Rungpour. 
Lcn.  88"  46'  E.  Lat.  25°  27'  N. 

Shawnawas,  t.  Hiad.  in  Moultan,  70  m.  N.  E. 
MoaUaji.  Lou.  77°  38'  E.  L;.t.  30°  40'N. 

Sfiatmuetoun,  p-t.  Gallatin  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Ohio,  12  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Wabash,  12  S.  of  the  salt  works  belong  ng  to  the 
U.  States,  on  Saline  creek.  L-.d.  ST  61'  N.  It 
contains  a  bank,  land  office,  and  printing  office. 
The  inhabitants  are  supported  princnally  by  the 
profits  of  the  salt  trade. 

Shawpour,  t.  Bengal,  30  m.  S.  Calcutta.  Lon. 
83^'  .26^  E.  Lat.  22"  5'  N. 

Shawpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Surgooja,  135  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Allahabad.    Lon.  83°  25'  E.  Lat.  23°  35'  N. 

Shau'shesn,  r.  Mass.  which  runs  into  the  Mer- 
rimack in  Andover. 

iShayihar,  (aa.  Larissa,)  t.  Syria,  on  the  Oron- 
tes,  10  m.  N.  Hamah. 

Shazadubxd,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  on  the  right 
baiiKofthe  Ganges,  5  m.  S.  E.  Carrah,  SON.  W. 
Allahabad.  Lon.  81°  41'  E.  Lat.  25"  42'  N. 

iihazadvour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  25  m.  S.  E. 
Nattore.  Lon.  89°  43'  E.  Lat.  24°  12'  N. 

Shearpour,  t.  Bengal,  on  the  Burhampootra,  82 
N.  N.  W  Dacca.  Lon.  89°  55'  E.  Lat.  24°  53'  N. 

Shtd'.ac,  harbour  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New- 
Bruiiswick,  about  30  m.  N.  E.  Bay  de  Verte,  at 
the  S.  L.  extremity  of  the  province. 

Sheduan,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  9  miles  long,  and 
6  broad.  Lat.  27°  34'  N. 

Slieep  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Wales. 
Lon.  5"  9'  W.  Lat.  51°  38'  N. 

Sheep  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland, 
6  m.  W.  N.  W.  Fairhead.  Lon.  6°  11'  W.  Lat. 
55°  15'  N. 

Skeepscot,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which  flows 
into  the  Atlantic,  E.  of  Kennebeck  river.  It  is 
navigable  20  miles. 

Sheepliaven,  bay  on  the  N.  coastof  Ireland.  Lon. 
7"  45'  W.  Lat.  55"  12' N. 

Sheepsheud,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  be- 
tween Bantry  Bay  and  Dunmannus  bay.  Lon.  9° 
45' W.  Lat.  51°  29' N. 

Sheepshead,  t.  England,  in  Leicestershire,  5  m. 
W.  Loughborough. 

Sheergoity,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  68  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Patna.     Lon  84°  56'  E.  Lat.  24"  30'  N. 

Skeergur,  t.  Hind,  in  Malwa,  30  m.  N.  W.  Ra- 
fCoogur,  108  i\.  N.  E.  Ougein.  Lon.  77°  E.  Lat. 
i!4°40'iN. 

Sheerncss,  t.  England,  in  Kent,  at  the  N.  point 
of  Sheppey  island,  where  the  Medway  joins  the 
Thames.  It  is  regularly  fortified.  Here  is  a 
yard  for  building  ships,  with  a  dock  for  repairing 
irigates.  3  m.  N.  Queenborough.  Lon.  0°  15'  E. 
l-at.  51°26'?J.     Pop.  4,422. 

^heerpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  43  m.  S.  S.  W. 
j'atna.     Lon.  85°  10'  E.  Lat.  24°  55'  N. 

Shrjfldd,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire.  It  has  been 
noted  lor  several  hundred  years  for  cutlers'  and 
smith's  manufactures,  particularly  for  files,  and 
irnives,  or  whittles;  for  the  last  of  which,  espe- 
<  ially,  it  has  been  a  staple  for  above  300  years. 
3  fere  are  about  600  master  cutlers,  who  employ 
aot  less  than  40,000  persons  in  the  iron  manufac- 
tures. By  means  of  the  river  Don,  which  is  nav- 
igable within  2  or  3  miles  of  the  town,  it  receives 
iron  from  Hull,  and  conveys  thither  its  manufac- 


tures for  exportation  to  America  and  the  West 
Indies,  as  well  as  various  parts  of  Europe.  Its 
zicigiibourhood  abounds  with  coal.  There  are 
also  at  Sheffield  lead  works,  and  a  silk  mill.  The 
Sheffield  manufactures  extend  several  miles  over 
the  country.  31  m.  S.  Leeds,  131  jN.  London. 
Lon,  1°  3.^'  W.  Lat.  53'  35'  N.     Pop.  35,480. 

Sheffield-  t.  Suubury  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

Sheffield-,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  35  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  388. 

Sheffield,  p-t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S.  Le- 
nox, 30  S.  E  Hudson,  N.  Y.  125  W.  Boston.  Pop. 
2,439.  It  is  watered  by  the  Housatonnuc,  which 
affords  good  mill  seats.  Here  is  a  quarry  of  mar- 
ble of  a  superior  quality. 

Shefford,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedford  co.  near  the  Ouse, 
9  m.  S.S.  E.  Bedford,  41  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
0"19' W.  Lat.  52°  3' N. 

Shefford,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  E.  of 
Montreal.     Pop.  500. 

Shehoun,  t.  Syria,  anciently  called  Cappareas, 
18  m.  N.  Hamah. 

Shehrban,  or  Sherehan,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the 
Diala,  50  m.  N.  Bagdad,  150  S.  S.  E.  Morul.  Lon. 
44°  5'  E.  Lat.  34"  8'  N. 

Sheikpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  18  m.  E.  Bahar, 
Lon.  86"  3'  E.  Lat.  25°  9'  N. 

Shek  Abdalla,  v.  Syria,  20  m.  S.  E.  Aleppo. 

Shek  Eredi,  or  Haradi,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Nile,  8  m,  N.  N.  E.  Achmim. 
■  Shekoabad,  t.  Hind,  in  Dooab,  60  m.  W.  Ca- 
noge,  30  E.  Agra.     Lon.  79"  2'  E.  Lat.  27°  9'  N. 

Shelan,  t.  PersJ-?,  in  Farsistan,  near  the  Persian 
gulf,  75  m.  S.  S.  \V.  Jarom. 

Shelburn,  or  Port  Rosev-ay,  seaport.  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  the  S.E.  coast,  90  m.  S.  W.  Halifax.  Lon. 
63"  15'  W.  Lat.  43°  50'  N. 

Shelburne,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  78  m.  N.  Conconf. 
Pop.  176. 

Shelburne,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  lake 
Champlain,  7  ra.  S.  Burlington.     Pop.  987. 

Shelburne,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  4  m.  W.  Green- 
field.    Pop.  961. 

Shelby,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  Coosa. 

Shelby,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ken.  Pop.  14,778, 
including  3,114  slaves. 

Shelby,  p-t.  Bath  co.  Ken. 

Shdby,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami. 

Shelbyville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bedford  co.  West  Ten- 
nessee, on  Duck  river,  50  m.  S.  S-  E.  Nashville. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  and  printing- 
office. 

Shelbyville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Shelby  co.  Ken.  on 
Brashan's  creek,  12  m.  above  its  junction  with 
Salt  river,  22  m.  W.  Frankfort,  30  E.  Louisville. 
It  contained  in  1819,  a  brick  court-house  and  jaiJ, 
a  printing-office,  an  academy,  2  churches,  175 
dwelling-houses,  and  1,250  inhabitants. 

Sheldon,  formerly  Ihmgerford,  p-t.  Franklin  co. 
Vt.  oil  Missisqne  river,  32  m.  N.  Burlington.  Poii. 
883. 

Sheldon,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  W.  Ba- 
tavia,  270  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,415. 

Shele,  r.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  which  runs 
into  the  Tyne,  near  its  head. 

Shelford,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  9  m.  S.  Bedford,  41 
N.  London. 

Shell  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina,  in  Pamlico  sound.  Lon.  76°  30'  W.  Lat. 
34"50'N. 

Shell  Key,  small  isl.  in  thegulf  of  Mexico.  Lon. 
89"  15' W.  Lat.  29"  48' N. 


688 


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S  H  I 


Sheila,  t.  Africa,  in  Morocco,  4  m.  E.  Salee. 

Shellack  Point,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  Isle  of  Man, 
forming  the  N.  part  of  Ramsay  bay. 

Shelldrake  River,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Ion.  64°  50'  W.  Lat. 
50°  30'  N. 

Shelldrake,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  run? 
into  lake  Superior,  24  m.  W.  Point  Iroquois. 

Shellijf,  r.  Africa,  the  most  considerable  river  of 
Algiers,  which  rises  in  Sahara,  and  runs  into  the 
Mediterranean,  in  Ion.  0°  24' E.  lat.  36°  10'  N. 

Shellness,  cape,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of 
Sheppey.     Lon.  0"  50'  E.  Lat.  51"  22'  N. 

Shelter  Island,  isl.  off  the  E.  end  of  Long  Isl- 
and, N.  Y.  100  m.  E.  New  York.  Shelter  island 
constitutes  a  town,  and  belongs  to  Suffolk  county. 
Pop.  329;  in  1820,  391. 

Shelionborough,  p-v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 

Shelton' s  store,  p-v.  Goochland  co.  Va, 

Shenandoah,  r.  Va.  which  rises  in  Augusta  co. 
and  after  running  a  N.  E.  course  of  about  200 
miles,  joins  the  Potomac,  in  lat.  38°  4'  N.  just  be- 
fore the  latter  bursts  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  It 
is  composed  of  four  branches,  South,  Middle, 
North,  and  Shenandoah  rivers.  It  is  navigable 
about  100  miles,  and  traverses  the  richest  part  of 
the  State, 

Shenandoah,  co.  V^a.  inclosed  by  Frederick, 
Culpeper,  Madison,  Rockingham,  and  Hardy 
counties.  Pop.  13,646,  including  1,038  slaves. 
Chief  town,  Woodstock. 

Shenandoah  fork,  p-v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

Shenango,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.     Pop.  679. 

Shenango,  L  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  727. 

Shenango,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  634. 

Shenevas  creek,  r.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Shenley,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
Chaudiere  river,  54  m.  S.  Quebec. 

Shepaug,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  the  Housaton- 
nuc,  in  Southbury. 

Shepham,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  place  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Shephard''s  Islands,  small  islands  of  the  New 
Hebrides.     Lon.  168°  40'  E.  Lat.  17°  S. 

Shepherdstown,  p-t.  Jefferson  co,  Va.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Potomac.  Its  situation  is  healthy  and 
agreeable,  and  the  neighbouring  country  is  fertile 
and  well  cultivated.  Pop.  in  1800,  1,033,  mostly 
of  German  descent.  10  m.  E.  by  S.  Martinsville, 
73  from  Washington. 

Shepherdstown,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

Shepherdsville,  p-t.  Bullet  co.  Ken.  on  Salt  river, 
5  m.  from  Bairdstown.     Pop.  100. 

Sheppey,  isl.  Eng.  in  Kent,  formed  by  the 
Thames,  which  passes  on  the  N.  and  the  Medway 
which  bounds  it  on  the  W.  by  the  main  stream, 
and  on  the  S.  by  the  East  Swale.  It  is  21  miles  in 
compass,  and  yields  plenty  of  corn,  but  is  in  want 
oi  wood, 

Shepten  Mallet,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  consid- 
erable for  its  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  in 
which  about  4,000  hands  are  daily  employed ;  5 
m.  E.  Wells,  114  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  35'  W. 
Lat.  51"  10^  N.     Pop.  4,638. 

Sheravend,  t.  Persia,  in  Ghilan,  on  the  the  Cas- 
pian sea,  20  m.  S.  Astara. 

Sherbom,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  at  the  con- 
flux of  the  Werk  and  the  Ouse,  16  m.  S.  York,  181 
N.  London.     Lon.  1°  10'  W.  Lat.  54°  N. 

Sherborn,  t.  England,  in  Dorsetshire,  18  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Dorchester,  118  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2"  41'  W.  Lat.  50°  58'  N.     Pop.  3.370.     " 


Sherbro,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  W.  Africa,  22  miles 
long  by  12  broad,  in  about  lat.  7°  N.  a  little  S.  of 
Sierra  Leone,  It  is  flat  and  sandy,  but  covered 
with  a  luxuriant  growth  of  trees,  and  produces 
rice,  corn,  yams,  sweet  potatoes,  cocoa  nuts,  or- 
anges, with  coffee,  indigo,  and  cotton.  It  lie* 
about  7  miles  from  the  main,  and  forms  with  it  a 
bay  or  sound  oi  the  same  name.  The  banks  of 
the  bay  are  low,  and  some  places  are  occasionally 
overflowed  by  the  tide. 

Sherburne,  formerly  Killington,  t.  Rutland  co. 
Vt.  22  m.  W.  S.  W.  Windsor.  Pop.  116.  Kil- 
lington peak,  in  this  town,  is  one  of  the  highest 
summits  of  tlie  Green  mountains. 

Sherburne,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S.  W. 
Boston.     Pop.  770. 

Sherburne.     See  JVanluclceL 

Sherburne,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  on  Chenango 
river,  11  m.  N.  Norwich,  98  W.  Albany,  33  S.  W. 
Utica.  Pop.  2,428.  It  contains  2  churches  for 
Congregationalists,  a  printing-oflice,  and  nume- 
rous mills  and  manufactures. 

Sherburne  mills,  p-v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 

Sheret,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Trebisond,  30  m.  S.  W. 
Trebisond. 

Sherezur,  or  Shehrsour,  or  Scherezur,  t.  Kur- 
distan, 150  m.  N.  Bagdad,  370  E.  S.  E.  Diarbekir. 
Lon.  44"  25'  E.  Lat.  35°  46'  N. 

Sheril,  t.  A,  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 20  m,  E,  Anah. 

Sheriffmuir,  or  Sheriff  Moor,  plain  of  Scotland,, 
near  the  Grampian  mountains,  in  Perthshire. 

Sherilla,  t.  Africa,  in  Kaarta.  Lon.  6"  25'  W. 
Lat' 14°  29' N. 

Sher^nan,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct  60  m.  S.  W.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  949. 

Sherrard''s  store,  p-v.  Hampshire  co.  Va. 

Sherrington,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Lower  Canada, 
25  m.  S.  Montreal. 

Shershell,  t  Africa,  in  Algiers,  supposed  to  be 
the  ancient  Jol,  or  Casarea.  In  1730,  it  was  en- 
tirely thrown  down  by  an  earthquake.  The  ru- 
ins upon  which  this  town  was  situated,  are  not 
inferior  in  extent  to  those  of  Carthage.  Lon.  T 
30' E.  Lat  36°  35' N. 

Sheshequin,  p-v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Shetland  Islands,  a  collection  of  islands  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  to  the  N.  of  Scotland.  They  are 
reckoned  to  be  46  in  number,  besides  40  smaller 
called  Holms.  Only  one,  called  Shetland,  or  Main- 
land, is  of  any  considerable  size.  They  are  in 
general  rocky  and  barren,  and  many  of  them  with- 
out inhabitants.  Shetland,  the  principal  island, 
is  about  70  miles  long,  and  has  some  safe  and  com- 
modious harbors,  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of 
the  largest  size.  Lerwick  is  the  capital.  The 
other  chief  islands  arc  Bressay,  Wallsey,  Yell, 
Fitlar,  and  Unst.  In  1801,  the  population  of  the 
Shetland  islands  was  22,379,  chiefly  employed  in 
agriculture  and  fishing.  Lon.  )°  43'  to  2°  13'  W. 
Lat,  59°  45°  to  61"  10' N. 

Shetucket,  r.  Ct.  which  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  Willomantic  and  Mount  Hope  rivers.  It  run? 
S.  E.  and  after  receiving  the  Quinebaug,  joins 
Norwich  river  to  form  the  Thames. 

Shevagunga,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  25  m.  N.  W. 
Bangalore,  40  N.  Seringapatam.  Lon.  77°  13'  E. 
Lat  13°  6' N. 

Shiant  Islands,  small  islands,  among  the  West- 
ern islands  of  Scotland,  6  m.  from  the  S.  E.  coast 
of  Lewis.     Lon.  6°  20'  W.  Lat.  57°  53'  N. 

Shibkah,  an  extensive  salt  pkin  of  Algiers,  10 
TO.  S.  Oran. 


S  H 


S  tt  R 


669 


ISJiiflds,  Nortfif  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Tyne.  Upwards  of  400  vessels 
are  loaded  annually  at  this  port.  7  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Newcastle,  279  N.  London.  Lou.  1"  23'  W.  Lat. 
55°  6'  N.     Pop.  7,699. 

Shields,  Soul/i,  of  Shields,  v.  Eug.  in  Durham, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Tyne.  Though  only  a  vil- 
lage, it  is  very  populous,  and  participates  in  the 
trade  of  Newcastle.  At  this  place,  also,  are  ma- 
ny ships  built  It  is  famous  for  its  salt-works.  Lon. 
1°  24'  W.  Lat.  55"  4'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Shieldsborough,  t.  Hancock  oo.  Mississippi,  on 
the  bay  of  St.  Louis,  40  m.  N.  E.  New  Orleans. 
The  bay  is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  7  feet 
water.  Shieldsborough  is  a  pleasant  and  healthy 
place,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  the  citizens  ol 
New  Orleans  during  the  hot  months.  Here  is  an 
incorporated  college. 

Shijfnal,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  17  m.  E.  Shrewsbury, 
136  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  24'  W.  Lat.  52°  43'  N. 
Shihon,  in  Sac.  Gcog.  city,  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Issachar,  near  the  foot  of  Mount  Tabor. 
Shillay,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Lewis,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  Toe  Head.  Lon.  7°  14' 
W.  Lat  54°  48'  N. 

Shiihik,  t.  Africa,  in  Sennaar,  on  the  Bahr  el 
Abiad,  50  m.  W.  Sennaar. 

Sfiiloah,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  GiJion. 
Skilofi,  in  Sac.  Geog,  city  of  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Ephraim,  10  m.  S.  Shechem,  25  N.  Jeru- 
salem.    It  was  the  place  of  the  Tabernacle  for 
more  tlian  300  years. 

Shimuskir,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  52  miles  long  and  12  broad.     Lon. 
152"  to  153°  E.  Lat.  63°  20'  to  54°  10'  N. 
Shinar,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  province  of  Babylon. 
SItingUs.     See  Shambles, 
Shingle  Shoal,  shoal  in  the  English  channel, 
near  the   coast  of  Hampshire.    Lon.   1°  26'  W. 
Lat.  50°  38'  N. 

Ship  Cvtc,  cove  in  Queen  Charlotte's  sound,  in 
the  S.  island  of  New  Zealand.  It  is  not  inferior 
to  any  in  the  sound,  either  for  convenience  or 
safety.     Lon.  175°  6'  E.  Lat.  41°  10'  S. 

Ship  Island,  is},  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
die  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  88"  48'  W.  Lat.  30° 
5'N. 

Ship  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  North  Caro- 
lina.    Lon.  76°  30'  W.  Lat  35°  59'  N. 

Shipley,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  N.  Brad- 
ford. 

Sfiippensbiirg,  p-L  and  borough,  Cumberland 
CO.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Copedogwinit.  It  contains 
about  200  houses  chiefly  built  of  stone,  and  three 
churches,  1  each  for  Seceders,  Germans,  and 
Methodists.  Pop.  1,159.  21  m.  N.  by  E.  Cham- 
bersburg,  HOW.  Pliiladelphia. 

Shippigan  Island,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, on  the  S.  side  of  Chaleur  bay. 

Shippingporlf  t.  Jefferson  co.  Kentucky,  on  the 
Ohio,  2  miles  below  Louisville,  at  the  foot  of  the 
rapids,  on  a  beautiful  plain.  It  is  the  natural 
harbor  and  landing  place  for  all  vessels  ascending 
the  Ohio.  During  three-fourths  of  the  year  they 
of  necessity  stop  here,  which  they  can  do  with 
perfect  safety,  as  there  is  a  basin  immediately  iu 
front  of  the  town,  capable  of  containing  any  num- 
ber of  vessels,  of  any  burden.  The  town  is  regu- 
larly laid  out  and  rapidly  improving.  Here  are 
a  ship-yard,  rope-walk,  and  an  extensive  flour- 
mill.  Pop.  in  1819,  600. 
Shipton.,  i.  Buckin2:ham  CO.  Lower  Canada,  on 

87 


the  river  St.  Francis,  48  m.  S.  by  E.  Three  Rivera. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Shipton  upon  Siour,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester,  on 
the  Stour,  1 1  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stratford  upon  Avon,  83 
N.  W.  London.    Lon.  1°  30'  W.  Lat.  52°  5'  N. 

Shircoate,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  1  m.  S. 
Halifax. 

Shirink,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands.  Lon.  138° 
3'  E.  Lat.  50"  40'  N. 

Shirley,  p-t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  41  m.   W.  N. 
W.Boston,     Pop.  814. 
Shirley,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  862. 
Shirleysburg,  p-v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
Shiran,  or  Schiron,  t.  Thibet,  120  m.  N.  Cat- 
mandu.    Lon.  85°  5'  E.  Lat.  30°  10'  N. 
Shiver'' s  mills,  p-v.  Warren  co.  Geo. 
Shiumla,  t.  Bulgaria,  62  m.  E.  Varna.    Lon. 
26°  27'  E.  Lat.  43°  10'  N. 

Shizar,  t.  Syria,  in  Aleppo,  15  m.  S.  E.  Famieh. 
Shoal  creek,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  Kaskas- 
kias  river  on  the  N.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  30 
miles. 

Shoalness,  alow  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  North 
America.    Lon,  198"  12'  E.  Lat  60"  N. 

Shoal  Inlet,  channel  between  two  small  islands, 
on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina.     Lon.  77°  58'  W. 
Lat.  34°  6'  N. 
Shoals,  hies  of.     See  Isles  of  Shoals. 
Shoalwater  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  124°  10'  W.  Lat  46°  50'  N. 

Shoccoe  springs,  in  Warren  co.  N.  C.  much  re- 
sorted to  for  the  mineral  waters.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

Shoe,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 

coast  of  Waygoo.     Lon.  130"  53'  E.    Lat.  0"  1'  S. 

Shoebury  Mis,  cape,  England,  on  the  S.  coast 

of  Essex,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames,  5  m.  N.E. 

theNore.     Lon.  0"45'E.  Lat  51"  32' N. 

Shoggle,  or  Choug,  t,  Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  20 
m.  S.  E,  Antioch. 

Sho!cet,  t.  Syria,  in  Damascus,  on  the  Orontes^ 
22  m.  S.  Antakia,  140  N.  Damascus. 

Shooting  Point,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Fifeshire. 

Shophan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  of  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Gad,  a  little  E.  of  the  sea  of  Tiberias, 

Shore  of  Muchul,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  east 
coast  of  Kincardine,  3  m,  N,  Stonehaven. 

Shoreham,  J^ew,  seaport,  Eng,  in  Sussex,  on  the 
sea  coast,  with  a  haven  into  which  vessels  can  en- 
ter with  the  tide.  The  sands  of  this  harbor  are 
frequently  shifting.  It  sends  two  members  to  par- 
liament The  chief  trade  is  ship-building.  10 
m,  W,  Brighthelmstone,  56  S,  London.  Lon.  0° 
16'  W.  Lat.  50"  50'  N.     Pop.  799. 

Shoreham,  p-t  Addison  co.  Vt  on  lake  Cham- 
plain,  49  m,  S.  Burlington.  Pop.  2,033.  Here  is 
an  academy, 

Shorehaven,  seaport  on  the  S,  coast  of  the  island 
of  Stromoe.  Lon.  11°  7'  E.  Lat  61°  40' N. 
Short  creek,  t.  Harrison  co,  Ohio,  4  m,  E,  Cadia. 
Shott,  a  large  valley  or  plain,  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Sahara,  on  the  borders  of  Algiers,  50 
miles  long  and  about  12  broad,  100  m,  S.  W.  Con- 
stantina. 

Shoulder'' s  hiU,  p-v.  Nansemond  co.  Va. 
Shoumshu,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  44  miles  long  and  20  broad.  Lon.  156° 
14'  E.  Lat  51"  15'  to  52"  N. 

Showoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  15  m.  S.  Sattimun- 
gulam,  20  E.  Vellady, 

Shrewsbury,  t  England,  and  capittd  of  Shrop- 


690 


S  I  A 


shire,  on  the  rircr  Severn,  originally  built  by  the 
Britons  in  the  sixth  century.  Every  Thursday  is 
the  market  for  Welch  cottons,  friezes,  and  flannels, 
of  which  here  are  sold  as  much  as  come  to  l,0O0i. 
a  week.  About  20  vessels  are  constantly  em- 
ployed on  the  river  Severn,  between  Shrewsbury, 
Gloucester,  and  Bristol.  41  m.  S.  Chester,  160  N. 
W.  London.  Lon.  2°  49'  W.  Lat  52"  44'  N.  Pop. 
16,606. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt  22  m.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  990. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  m.  E. 
Worcester,  38  W.  Boston.    Pc^.  1,210. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  on  the  sea 
coast  It  is  separated  from  Middletown  by  North 
river,  which  is  navigable  a  few  miles,  15  m.  N.  E. 
by  E.  Monmouth  court-house,  14  S.  E.  Middle- 
town  point,  79  E.  N.E.Philadelphia.  Pop. 3,773. 
It  contains  3  churches,  1  each  for  Episcopalians, 
Presbyterians,  and  Quakers.  Much  genteel  com- 
pany resort  here  from  Philadelphia  and  New 
York  during  the  summer. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.    Fop.  1,792. 

Shrewsbury,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.    Pop.  294. 

Shrewsbury,  p-v.  Kenhawa  co.  Va. 

Shrapshire,  or  Salop,  co.  England,  bounded  N. 
by  Flintshire  and  Cheshire,  E.  by  Staffordshire,  S. 
by  Herefordshire,  Worcestershire,  and  Radnor- 
ihire,  and  W.  by  Montgomeryshire  and  Denbigh- 
shire.    Pop.  194,298. 

Shuarif,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Africa.    Lat  24°  22'  N. 

Shuna,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  5°  33'  W.  Lat  56°  13'  N. 

Shunem,  in  Sac,  Geog.  city  of  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Issachar,  5  m.  S.  Mount  Tabor. 

Shupare,  t.  Candahar,  45  m.  N.  Attock. 

Shur,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  on  the  borders  of  Egypt 
and  Palestine,  which  gave  name  to  the  wilder- 
ness around  it. 

Shushan,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Tostar. 

Shutesbury,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  12  m.  S.  E. 
Greenfield,  90  W.N.  W.Boston.  Pop.  939.  Here 
is  a  medicinal  spring. 

Sial,  small  isL  near  the  coast  of  Egypt,  which 
forms  a  harbor  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  33°  2'  E.  Lat. 
24°30'N. 

Swm,  country,  Asia,  bounded  N.  by  Ava,  E.  by 
Cambodia  and  Laos,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Siam  and 
Malacca,  and  W.  by  the  bay  of  Bengal ;  about 
800  mUes  from  N.  to  S.  and  200  to  350  broad.  The 
kingdom  of  Siam  is  divided  into  Upper  and  Low- 
er. It  is  in  most  places  covered  with  woods.  The 
most  profitable  trees  are  those  which  produce 
cotton,  oil,  and  varnish.  Their  varnish  is  very 
good.  Siam  is  at  present  inhabited  chiefly  along 
the  rivers.  The  population  has  been  variously 
estimated  from  2,000,000  to  8,000,000.  The  re- 
ligion of  Siam  is  nearly  the  same  with  that  of  Laos. 
The  kings  are  perfectly  despotic.  Juthia  or  Siam 
is  the  capital. 

Siam.    See  Juthia. 

Siam,  Gulf  of,  a  large  bay  of  the  E.  Indian  sea, 
between  Cambodia  and  the  peninsula  of  Malacca, 
Siam  being  to  the  N. 

Siang-yang,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Hou-quang,  on  the  river  Han,  530  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Peking.    Lon.  111°  39'  E.  Lat.  32°  5'  N. 

Siao,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  30  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.   Lon.  125°  5'  E.  Lat,  2°  44'  N. 

Siara,  or  Seara,  t  Brazil,  and  capital  of  a  dis- 
trict,  so  called  from  a  river  of  the  same  name 
which  runs  into  the  ocean,  in  lat  3°  30'  S.    The 


S  I  c 

town  and  its  trade  are  not  considerable.  Lon.  3S* 
46'  W.  Lat  3°  15'  S. 

Siarman,  i,  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the  Cas- 
pian sea,  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Fehrabad. 

Sias,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  lake  Ladoga, 
near  Siaskoi. 

Siaskoi,  t  Russia,  in  Petersburg,  near  lake  La- 
doga, 24  m.  N.  E.  Nova  Ladoga. 

Sibaba,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Mindanao.  Lon.  122°  25'  E.  Lat.  6" 
36' N. 

Sibaldes  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Patagonia.  Lon. 
59°  35'  W.  Lat.  50°  53"  N. 

Siberia,  country,  Asia.  The  name  of  Siberia, 
or  Sibiria,  was  originally  applied,  and  still  prop- 
erly belongs  only  to  the  S.  part  of  the  government 
of  Tobolsk :  but,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  it  in- 
cludes the  whole  of  Asiatic  Russia,  excepts  or  10 
provinces  in  the  S.  W.  around  the  Caspian  sea. 
This  country  is  made  up  of  vast  plains,  covered 
with  almost  perpetual  snow,  and  pen/aded  by 
enormous  rivers,  which,  under  masses  of  ice,  pur- 
sue their  dreary  way  to  the  Arctic  ocean.  'These 
plains  are  called  stepps,  and  are  principally  sandy 
and  barren.  In  the  northern  half  of  Siberia, 
where  the  winters  are  long  and  severe,  there  are 
no  trees,  but  in  the  south,  along  the  Altay  moun- 
tains, there  are  immense  forests.  The  reindeer 
is  found  in  most  parts  of  Siberia,  and  performs  the 
office  of  the  horse,  the  cow,  and  the  sheep.  Bea- 
vers live  in  the  great  rivers,  and  seals  inhabit  the 
shores  of  the  Frozen  ocean.  Wolves,  foxes,  bears, 
and  sables  are  hunted  for  their  skins.  The  in- 
habitants are  of  three  classes,  the  Aborigines  or 
ancient  inhabitants,  Tartars,  and  Russians.  The 
two  first  live  in  tribes,  and  wander  over  the  coun- 
try. They  are  principally  Pagans,  but  missiona- 
ries have  recently  been  sent  to  this  country  from 
Great  Britain,  and  are  stationed  at  Astrakan, 
Orenburg,  Irkutsk,  and  other  places.  This  im- 
mense country  is  under  the  dominion  of  Russia, 
but  the  tribes  are  at  such  a  distance  from  the  cap- 
ital, that  the  emperor  has  little  control  over  them, 
and  they  are  fdmost  independent.  The  chief 
mark  of  subjection  is  the  annual  tribute.  Con- 
siderable trade  is  carried  on  between  Siberia  and 
European  Russia  on  one  hand,  and  with  China  on 
the  other.  The  principal  article  furnished  by  Si- 
beria is  furs.     Pop.  about  2,000,000. 

Sibiakova,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch, 
28  m,  N.  Tara. 

Sibmah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of  Reuben,  remarkable  for  its  vineyards. 

Sibnibas,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  10  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Kishenagur.     Lon.  88°  50'  E.  Lat.  23"25*N. 

Sibraim,  in  Sac.  Ge<^.  t  Syria,  between  Da- 
mascus and  Hamath. 

Sibu,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  about  240 
miles  in  circumference.  Sibu,  or  Zibu,  the  capi- 
tal, contain*  5,000  houses.  Lon.  123°  44'  E.  Lat. 
10°  35'  N. 

Sibuyan,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  36  miles 
in  circumference.   Lon.  122"  22'  E.  Lat  12°36'N. 

•Sicca,  La,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  Naples.  Lon.  13°  52'  E.  Lat.  39* 
58' N. 

Siccacollum,  city.  Hind,  in  Condapilly,  on  the 
Kistnah,  35  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ellore. 

Siehlan,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Ochots- 
koi  sea,  in  lon.  152°  14'  E.  lat.  59°  28'  N. 

Siciiy,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  formerly,  if 
we  may  credit  the  ancients,  joined  to  Italy,  frtan 
which  it  is  now  separated  by  the  straits  of  Mes- 


S  I  E 


S  I  G 


691 


sina,  about  7  miles  across.  It  is  the  largest  island 
in  the  Mediterranean,  being  about  156  miles  long 
and  85  broad.  Sicily,  on  account  of  its  form  be- 
ing somewhat  triangular,  was  called  Trinacria, 
or  Triquetra.  The  ancient  name  of  this  island 
was  Sicania,  from  its  inhabitants  the  Sicanii.  It 
has  a  hot  climate,  and  a  fertile  soil,  producing 
grain  in  abundance,  wine^  fruits  of  various  kinds, 
oil,  honey,  saffron,  and  sugar.  Including  the  Li- 
pari  islands,  its  area  is  12,600  &q.  miles,  and  its 
population  1,655,000.  It  is  divided  into  3  prov- 
inces :  viz.  Val  di  Mazara,  Val  di  Demona,  and 
Val  di  Noto.  The  religion  is  Roman  Catholic. 
It  forms  with  Naples  the  kingdom  of  the  Two 
Sicilies. 

Sicion,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Africa.    Lat.  12°  35'  S. 

Siclos,  t.  Hungary,  with  a  castle,  12  m.  S.  Funf- 
kjrchen,  64  S  E.  Canischa. 

Sidanier,  kingdom  of  Java,  on  the  S.  coast. 

Sidari,  or  Sidero,  cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Corfu.     Lon.  19°  52'  E.    Lat.  3T  53'  N. 

Sideling  Hill,  a  range  of  hills  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  Maryland,  which  extend  between  Alle- 
ghany and  Washington  counties. 

Sidin,  or  Faiisa,  r.  A.  Turkey,  which  runs  into 
the  Black  sea,  at  Vatisa. 

Sidmouthy  seaport,  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  small  river,  on  the  English  channel, 
14  m.  S.  E.  Exeter,  158  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon. 
3°  22'  W.  Lat.  50°  38'  N. 

Sidney,  t.  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  20  m. 
N.  Louisburg. 

Sidney  Cove.     Sec  Sydney  Cove. 

Sidney,  t  Hastings  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  lak« 
Ontario. 

Sidney,  p-t  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  8  m.  N.  Augusta. 

Sidyiey,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  W.  Del- 
hi, 95  S.  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,388. 

Sidon.     See  Saida. 

Sidra,  Gulf  of,  large  bay  of  the  Mediterranean, 
on  the  coast  of  Tripoli,  anciently  called  Syrtis. 
Lon.  15°  30'  to  19°  30'  E.  Lat.  30°  30'  to  32°  30'  N. 

Seig,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine,  2 
m.  below  Bonn. 

Siegen,  t.  Germany,  37  m.  E.  Bonn,  34  N.  W. 
Wetzlar.     Lon.  8°  8'  E.  Lat.  50°  48'  N. 

Sitgstadf,  t.  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  58  m.  N. 
Christiania. 

Sienna,  or  Siena,  city,  Italy,  in  Tuscany.  The 
district,  called  Siennese,  or  Terriiorio  di  Sienna, 
was  once  a  free  republic.  The  city  is  pleasantly 
built  on  three  hills,  in  a  healthy  situation.  It  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  cathedral  is  a 
fine  Gothic  building.  Near  the  cathedral  is  the 
archbishop's  palace,  and  opposite  to  it  a  large  and 
well-endowed  hospital.  The  university  was  foun- 
ded by  Charles  V.  Many  nobility  reside  here ; 
and  it  is  generally  allowed,  that  the  Italian  lan- 
guage is,  in  no  part  of  Italy,  spoken  with  greater 
purity.  54  m.  S.  Bologna,  79  N.  N.  W.  Rome,  27 
S.  Florence.  Lon.  1 1°  16'  E.  Lat.  21°  N.  Pop. 
15,130. 

Siennoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Mohilev,  60  m.  N.  N.  VV. 
Mohilev.    Lon.  29°  44'  E.  Lat.  54°  3^  N. 

Sier,  T.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Rhone, 
near  Seissel. 

Sierck,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  9  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Thionville,  21  S.  S.  W.  Treves. 

Sierra,  the  eastern  part  of  New  Castile,  so  call- 
ed from  its  mountains.  The  word  Sierra  is  a  gen- 
eral name  for  mountain  in  Spain. 


Sierra  d^Adriana,  mountains  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puscoa,  18  m.  S.  Tolsa. 

Sierra  Cava,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia.   Lon.  10°  E.  Lat,  39"  46'  N. 

Sierra  di  Gador,  mountain  of  Spain,  in  Grena- 
da, 12  m.  from  Almeria. 

Sierra  Leone,  a  country  on  the  west  coast  of 
Africa,  lying  between  7"  and  10°  N.  lat.     A  river 
of  the  same  name  passes  through  it  nearly  in  the 
centre.     The  lands  on  this  river,  for  a  considera- 
ble distance,  are  very  fertile,  producing  cotton^ 
rice,  sugar,  and  most  of  the  tropical  fruits.     A 
colony  was  planted  here  by  the  British  in  1791, 
for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  the  productions 
suited  to  the  climate,  and  opening  a  trade  with 
the  interior.    The  first  settlers  were  about  500  in 
number,  principally  blacks,  who  were  increased 
in  1792,  by  1,200  free  negroes  from  Nova  Scotia. 
The  first  colonists  sufiered  from  sickness,  and  in 
1794,  the  settlement  was  destroyed  by  the  French, 
but  it  was  afterwards  re-established,  and  in  1809, 
contained  1,500  persons ;  since  which  it  has  been 
very  flourisliing,  and  is  now  the  most  important 
English  colony  in  Africa,  except  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  ;    the    number    of  inhabitants    in    1818, 
amounting  to  10,014,  of  whom  only  about  lOO 
were  Europeans.    The  population  consists  almost 
entirely  of  Africans,  rescued  from  the  holds  of 
slave  ships,  and  who,  when  they  were  introduced 
into  the  colony  were  at  the  lowest  point  of  mental 
ami  moral  depression.     They  now  exhibit  a  very 
gratifying  proof  of  the  susceptibility  of  the  Afri- 
can character  for  improvement  and  civilization. 
From  savages  and  gross  idolaters,  many  of  them 
have  been  converted  into  enterprising  traders, 
skilful  mechanics,  and  industrious  fanners,  sup- 
porting themselves  and  their  families  in  comfort, 
and  performing  respectably  the  social  and  even 
religious  duties.     They  discharge  the  duties  of 
jurors,  constables,  and  other  offices  with  much 
propriety,  and  are  a  fine  example  of  a  communi- 
ty of  black-men  living  as  freemen,  enjoying  the 
benefits  of  the  British  constitution,  regularly  at- 
tending public  worship  ;  and  gradually  improving 
by  means  of  schools   and    other  institutions  in 
knowledge  and  civilization.      This  happy  change 
has  been  effected  by  the  blessing  of  God  on  the  la- 
bours of  English  missionaries.    The  number  of 
missionaries  in  the  colony  in  1819,  was  17,  and 
the  number  of  children  in  the  schools  at  the  vari- 
ous settlements  was  2,104.     The  chief  town  is 
Freetown.     See  Freetoum  and  Regent's  town. 

Sierra  Leone,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  in  lon.  12°  30'  W.  Lat.  8°  20'  N. 

Sierra  Moreno,  chain  of  mountains  of  Spain,  be- 
tween the  provinces  of  Cordova  and  Jaen  to  the 
S.  and  Estremadura  and  La  Mancha  to  the  N. 

Siersberg,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  4  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Sar  Louis,  6  N.  N.  E.  Bouzonville. 

Sigagik,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  sea 
coast,  14  m.  S.  W.  Smyrna.  Lon.  26°51'  E.  Lat. 
38"  18'  N. 

Sigean,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  9  m.  S.  Narbonne, 
19  N.  Perpignan. 

Sigenburg.    See  Siegenburg. 

Sigg,  or  Sikke,  r.  Algiers,  which,  united  with 
the  Habrah,  forms  the  Muckdah,  or  Makerra. 

Sigmaringen,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Danube,  44 
m.  S.  Stuttgart,  26  N.  Constance.  It  is  the  chief 
town  of  the  principality  of  Hohenzollern-Sigma- 
ringen,  which  contains  35,560  inhabitants,  and  has 
a  revenue  of  30,000/.  sterling.  Lop.  9°  16'  E, 
Lat  48°  2' N.    Pop.  3,0«0. 


e^ 


s  I  L 


Sigrutu,  t  Switz,  in  Berne,  12  m.  S.  K.  Berne. 

Sigtuna,  t.  Sweden,  on  a  creek  of  the  Malar 
lake,  anciently  one  of  the  chief  cities  of  the  king- 
dom, 10  m.  N.  Stockholm. 

Siguencaf  city,  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  the  see  of 
&  bishop,  with  an  university,  founded  in  1441,  3 
churches,  3  convents,  2  hospitals,  and  a  strong 
castle.  56  m.  N.  E.  Madrid,  80  S.  S.  E.  Burgos. 
Lon.  2"  57'  W.  Lat.  40"  58'  N.    Pop.  7,000, 

Sihon,  or  Oihon,  or  Amu,  t.  Asia,  which  rises  in 
Bukharia,  and  runs  into  the  lake  Aral ;  formerly 
it  emptied  itself  into  the  Caspian  sea. 

Sihon,  or  Sharokie,  name  given  to  the  river 
Sirr,  in  part  of  its  course. 

Si-kiang,  or  JVest  Rivera  r.  China,  which  runs 
into  the  sea,  S.  of  Canton.  . 

Sikino,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  long 
celebrated  for  its  wine,  about  20  miles  in  circum- 
ference.   Lon.  25°  10'  E.  Lat.  30°  43'  N. 

Sikovoe,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
l3r51'E.Lat.  7»12'S. 

Silading,  email  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  124°  25'  E.  Lat.  1" 
21' N. 

Silbtrberg,  t  Silesia,  10  m.  N.  Glatz,  16  W. 
Munsterburg.  Lon.  16°  26'  E.  Lat.  50°  24'  N. 
Pop.  1,700. 

Silchester,  (an.  Vindonum,)  v.  Eng.  in  Hants, 
10  m.  S.  W.  Reading,  48  W.  London. 

SilCi  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  op- 
posite the  island  of  Torcello. 

Sikby,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicestershire,  8  m.  N.  Lei- 
cester. 

SUesia^  a  province  of  the  Prussian  States,  boun- 
ded N.  by  the  province  of  Posen,  E.  by  the  new 
kingdom  of  Poland,  S.  by  Austrian  Silesia,  S.  W. 
by  Moravia,  and  W.  by  Saxony.  It  contains 
14,861  square  miles,  and  2,100,000  inhabitants, 
and  yields  a  revenue  of  1,400,000/.  On  the  S.  W. 
Silesia  is  environed  by  a  chain  of  hills  remarkable 
for  their  height  and  extent  The  parts  bordering 
on  Poland  and  the  mountainous  districts  are  not 
fertile,  but  the  rest  of  the  province  produces 
wheat  rye,  barley,  oats,  and  flax  in  abundance. 
The  principal  manufacture  is  linen,  for  which  the 
province  has  long  been  noted.  The  exports  are 
madder,  mill-stones,  linen,  thread,  yarn,  &c. 
The  inhabitants  are  of  various  religious  sects. 

Silhtt,  circar,  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Bootan, 
and  E.  by  Meckley. 

Silhef,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  above  circar,  200  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Moorshedabad,  106  N.  E.  Dacca.  Lon.  91* 
67'  E.  Lat  24°  52'  N. 

Silirw,  small  isl.  among  the  Philippines,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Mindanao.  Lon.  121"  40'  E.  Lat. 
9°  2'  N. 

Silkeburg,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  18  m. 
W.  Aarhuus. 

Sillebar,  or  Cellebar,  s-p.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra, 30  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bencoolen. 

Silla,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Niger,  75  m.  N.  E.  Sego.  Lon.  1°  34'  W. 
Lat.  14°  48' N. 

Sille  le  Gillaume,  t.  France,  in  Sarte,  18  m.  N. 
W.  Lc  Mans,  18  S.  S.  W.  Alencon.  Lon.  0°  3'  W, 
Lat.  48°  1 2' N. 

Sillee,  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Ram- 
grur,  E  by  Pachclc,  S.  by  Tomar,  and  W.  by  Nag- 
pour.  Sillee,  the  capital,  is  25  m.  S.  E.  Ramgur. 
Lon .  85°  56'  E.  Lat.  23°  22'  N. 

Silhry,  seigniory,  Quebec  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3  m.  S.  W, 
Quebec. 


S  I  M 

Silkwood,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Nor 
30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Bergen. 

Silsden,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  Skipton. 

Sihoe,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedfordshire,  5  m.  S.  Ampthill, 
41  N.  London. 

Silver  bluff,  in  S.  C.  on  Savannah  river,  about  30 
feet  high,  extending  about  2  miles  on  the  river, 
and  about  1  mile  wide.  Here  are  vestiges  of  an- 
tiquity. 

Silver  creek,  r.  Kentucky,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio  below  Clarksville.  Copperas  is  found  in 
large  quantities  on  its  banks. 

Silver  creek,  t.  Green  co.Ohio. 

Silver  lake,  p-v.  Susquehannah  co.Pa. 

Silves,  t.  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  15  m.  E,  N,  E.  Lagos,  39  W.  Tavira. 
Lon,  8"  21'  VV.  Lat.  37°  10'  N. 

Silum,  small  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  14''  50" 
E.  Lat.  44"  39'  N. 

Si7nnncas,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  Pisuerga,  8 
m.  S.  W.  Valladolid. 

Simara,  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands, 
24  m.  E.  Mindanao.  Lon.  121°  40'  E.  Lat.  12° 
51'  N. 

Simbani,  country,  Africa,  between  Woolly  to 
the  N.  W.  Foota  "Torra  to  the  N.  Eondou  to  the 
N.  E.  and  Tenda  to  the  S.  W. 

Simbirsk,  t.  Russia,  and  cap,  of  a  government, 
on  the  Volga,  380  m.  E.  S,  E.  Moscow.  680  S.  E. 
Petersburg.     Lon.  48°  30'  E.  Lat.  54°  25'  N. 

Simbirskoe,  a  government  of  Russia.  Lon.  45^ 
to  51"  E.  Lat,  52"  20'  to  55"  30'  N. 

Simcoe  Lake,  lake  of  Upper  Canada,  communi- 
cating with  Lake  Huron,  through  the  river  Severn. 

Simcoe,  co.  Home  district.  Up.  Canada,  extend- 
ing from  Lake  Simcoe  to  Lake  Huron. 

Simi,  or  Symi,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  6  m. 
N.  Rhodes.    Lon.  37"  34'  E.  Lat.  36"  36'  N. 

Simmen,  or  Siben,  r.  Swisserland,  which  rises 
in  the  mountains  between  the  Valais  and  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  and  runs  into  the  lakeofThun,  4  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Spietz. 

Simmem,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
26  m.  S.  S.  W.  Coblentz,  36  W.  Mentz.  Lon.  7" 
33'  E.  Lat.  60°  N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Simmem,  or  Simmer,  r.  Germany,  which  mnt 
into  the  Nahe,  3  m.  E.  Kirn. 

Simmon'' s  island,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S.  C. 
at  the  S.  end  of  Johns  island. 

Simogu,  i.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  on  the  Tumbadra, 
93  m.  N.  W.  Seringapatam,  86  N.  N.  W,  Feriapa- 
tam.     Lon.  75°  30'  E.  Lat.  13°  21'  N. 

Simon's  bay,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  in  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,     Lat.  34°  12'  S. 

Simontomya,  or  Simon  Thnm,  t.  Hungary, 
with  a  strong  castle,  32  m.  S.  S.  W.  Buda,  85  S. 
S.  E.  Vienna.     Lon.  18°  25'  E.  Lat.  46°  50'  N. 

Simplon,  mountain,  Swisserland,  over  which  is 
a  passage  from  the  Vallnis  to  Milan.  Its  height  is 
6,597  feet.    31  m.  E.  Sion. 

Simpson,  t,  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
St.  Francis  river,  30  m.  S.  Three  Rivers. 

Simpson,  co.  Kentucky. 

Simpson's  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  169°  20' E.  Lat.  8"  26'  S. 

Simpsonville,  p-v,  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Simsat,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  54  m.  W. 
Diarbekir,  80  S.  E.  Sivas. 

Simsbury,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  12  m.  N.  W. 
Hartford.  It  contains  2  churches,  1  for  Congre- 
gationalists  and  1  for  Episcopalians.      Pop.  1,866. 

Sijrttkala,  Ost$:r  and  Wester,  2  small  islands  in 


S  I  N 

the  Baltic,  E.  of  Aland.     Lon.  20"  8'  E.  Lat.  60" 
21' N. 

Sin,  or  Barbesin,  kingdom  of  Africa,  which  ex- 
tends about  21  miles  along  the  coast  of  Senegal . 
Joal  is  the  capital. 

Sinaab,  t.  Algiers,  in  Tremccen,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Shelliff,  72  m.  S.  VV.  Algiers,  45  E.  Musty- 
gannim. 

Sinai,  mountain  of  Arabia,  150  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Suez.  It  consists  of  two  summits  ;  the  lower  of 
Western  summit  is  called  Horeb,  and  the  Eastern 
is  properly  called  Sinai. 

Si-nnn,  r.  Algiers,  which  joins  the  Wed  el  Mai- 
lab,  about  5  m.  before  it  runs  into  the  sea. 

Sincapoura,  or  Siticapura,  isl.  with  a  town  of 
the  same  name,  near  the  S.   coast  of  Malacca, 
which  gives  name  to  the  Straits  of  Sincapoura. 
Lon.  103"  30'  W.  Lat.  1"  2'  N. 
Sinclair.     Se^  St.  Clair. 

Sindangan  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Min- 
danao.    Lon.  123"  5'  E.  Lat.  8"  15'  N. 
Sinde.     See  Indus. 

Sinde,  v.  Hind,  which  rises  about  20  m.  W. 

Bilsah,  and  runs  into  the  Jumnah,  at  Putterahee. 

Sindeljingen,  t.  Wurtemberg,  6  m.  S.  W.  Stutt- 

gard,  30  E.  Baden.     Lon.  8"  52'  E.  Lat.  48"  4 1'  N. 

Pop,  3,100. 

Sinderingen,  t.  Wurtcmburg,  on  the  Kocher, 
12  m.  N.  E.  HeilbroD,  6  N.  Ohringen.  Lon.  9" 
33' E.  Lat.  49"  16' N. 

Sindourcotty,  t.  Thibet,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ganges,  48  m.  S.  Gangotri. 

Sindy,  country,  Asia,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  In- 
dus, from  its  mouth  to  the  frontiers  of  Moultan, 
300  miles  long  and  160  broad,  in  the  widest  part. 
On  the  N.  E.  lie  the  territories  of  the  Seiks,  on  the 
N.  those  of  the  king  of  Candahar  ;  on  the  W.  is 
Mecran,  a  province  of  Persia ;  on  the  E.  is  a  san- 
dy desert  which  extends  from  the  territory  of 
Cutch  to  the  confines  of  Moultan. 

Sinepuxent,  a  long  and  narrow  bay  on  the  S.  E. 
coast  of  Maryland,  separated  by  a  number  of  isl- 
ands from  the  Atlantic.  Sinepuxent  inlet  is  in  lat. 
38"  10'  30''  N.     12  m.  E.  Snowhill. 

Sines,  s-p.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  39  m.  S. 
Steuval.    Lon.  8"  51'  W.  Lat.  37"  46'  N. 

Sing,  t.  Dalmatia,  on  a  rock  almost  inaccessi- 
ble on  3  sides,  and  on  the  fourth,  fortified  with  a 
thick  wall.     16  m.  N.  Spalatro,  8  N.  Clissa. 

Sin-gan,  city,  China,  in  Chen-si.  Next  to  Pe- 
king it  is  the  largest  and  finest  city  of  China.  For 
iscveral  ages  it  was  the  seat  of  the  Chinese  empe- 
ifors,  and  is  yet  very  populous,  and  a  place  of  great 
txade,  especially  in  mules,  which  they  send  to  Pe- 
king. The  walls  are  well  fortified  with  towers, 
and  surrounded  with  a  deep  ditch.  510  m.  S.  W. 
Peking.     Lon.  108"  29'  E.  Lat.  35"  14'  N. 

Singboon,  circar.  Hind,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Bengal,  S.  by  Mohurbunge,  W.  by  Bahar. 

Singinging,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
;-he  E.  coast  of  Nassau.  Lon.  100"  2'  E.  Lat.  3" 
.•>0'  S. 

Singiliet;  t.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  on  the  Volga, 
;>4  m.  S.  Simbirsk.      Lon.  48"  34'  E.  Lat.  54"  1'  N. 
Singleton'' s,  p-v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
Singon,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Sweden,  at  the  en- 
trance into  the  gulf  of  Finland.      Lon.  18"  20'  E. 
Lat.60°ll'N. 

Singor,  s-p.  Asia,  in  Siam,  on  the  coast  of  Ma- 
Jacca.     Lon.  101"  14'  E.  Lat.  6"  40'  N. 

Sing-sing,  v.  in  Mount  Pleasant,  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson.     The  river  is  here  3  miles  wide.    Sing- 


S  I  P 


693 


sing  has  a  good  landing,  and  some  shipping,  and  is 
well  situated  for  trade. 

Si7ig-hing,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China. 
Lon.  121"  E.  Lat.  31"  32'  N. 

Si7i-hoa,  s-p.  Cochin-China.  Lon.  88"  14'  E. 
Lat.  17"  N. 

Sinia^  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oby,  52 
m.  N.  Berezov.    Lon.  66"  14'  E.  Lat.  65"  N. 

Sinjar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  140  m.  S.  E. 
Diarbekir,  210  N.  N.  W.  Bagdad.  Lon.  41"  35'  E. 
Lat.  36"  17'  N. 

Sinigagiia,  s-p.  Popedom,  on  the  Adriatic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Nivola.  It  contains  4  churches 
and  6  convents.  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Urbino.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Sinkel,  s-p.  Sumatra,  near  the  W.  coast.  Lon. 
97' E.  Lat.  2"  8' N. 

Sinking  spring,  or  Middletovm,  p-v.  Highland 
CO.  Ohio,  38  m.  S.  W.  Chillicothe. 

Sinn,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Maine, 
near  Germunden. 

Sinno,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic, 
inlon.  16"40'E.  lat.  40"N. 

Sino,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  coast,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Sanguin. 

Sinob,  or  Sinope,  s-p.  A.  Turkey,  near  the  coast 
of  the  Black  sea,  on  the  isthmus  of  a  peninsula.  It 
has  2  good  harbours  and  a  dock-yard  for  buildng 
ships.  280  m.  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  35°  E. 
Lat.  41°  6' N.     Pop.  60,000, 

Sinon,  r.  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Caspian  sea,  5  m.  E.  Fehrabad. 

Sintzheim,  t.  Baden,  13  m.  S.  S.  E.  Heidelberg, 
18  m.  E.  Spire.     Pop.  2,158. 

Sio,  t.  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Zanguebar,  10 
m.  N.  W.  Ampaca. 

Sioe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Langeland.     Lon.  10"  42'  E.  Lat.  54"  58'  N. 

Sion,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire,  9  m.  W.  Cha- 
teaubriant. 

Sion,  mountain  of  Asia,  situated  to  the  S.  of  Je- 
rusalem, of  much  celebrity  in  sacred  history. 

Sion,  or  Sitten,  t.  Switzerland,  and  cap.  of  the 
Valais,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which  soon 
after  runs  into  the  Rhone.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  contains  6  churches,  with  some  convents,  a 
college,  and  3  palaces  of  the  bishop.  48  m.  E.  Ge- 
neva, 48  S.  Berne.     Lon.  7"  9'  E.  Lat.  46"  1 1'  N . 

Sioree,  t.  Bengal,  in  the  district  of  Birbhoom,50 
m.  S.  W.  Moorshedabad,  56  from  Cutwa.  It  is 
one  of  the  stations  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Soci- 
ety. 

Sioule,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  AUier,  2 
m.  N.  St.  Pourcain. 

Sioux,  Indians,  the  most  powerful  tribe  in  N. 
America.  They  consist  of  seven  independent 
bands,  each  under  its  own  chief;  but  they  arft 
united  in  a  confederacy  for  the  protection  of  their 
territories,  and  send  deputies  to  a  general  coun- 
cil of  chiefs  and  warriors,  whenever  the  concerns 
of  the  nation  require  it.  They  inhabit  with  tri- 
fling exceptioas  all  the  country  between  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Missouri  rivei-s,  south  of  N.  lat.  46*. 
Their  country  also  includes  large  tracts  south  of 
the  Missouri  and  east  of  the  Mississippi.  They 
are  brave,  spirited,  and  generous,  with  proud  no- 
tions of  their  origin  as  a!  tribe,  and  their  superior- 
ity as  hunters  and  warriors,  and  with  a  predomi- 
nant passion  for  war.  Their  number  was  stated 
by  the  late  General  Pike  at  21,675,  of  whom  3,800 
were  warriors. 
Sip,  or  Fort  EHssAeih^  fortress  of  Servia,  on  the 


S  I  R 


S  I  X 


S.  side  of  the  Danube  :  at  a  small  distance  farther 
lies  the  Demikarpi,  that  is  the  iron-gate,  com- 
monly called  Cataractae  Danubii,  4  m.  E.  Orsova. 
Sipavend,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran,  210  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Kidge,  310  S.  S.  W.  Candahar. 

Siphanto,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  an- 
ciently Siphnos,  30  miles  long  and  6  broad,  is  one 
of  the  most  fertile  and  best  improved  in  the  Archi- 
pelago. The  chief  articles  of  commerce  are  cal- 
licoes,  figs,  onions,  wax,  honey,  oil,  and  capers. 
Lon.  24'  46'  E.  Lat.  36"  59'  N.  "  Pop.  6,000. 

Sipias,  t.  Mingrelia,  on  a  river  wich  runs  into 
Ihe  Black  «ea,  200  m.  W.  N.  W.  Teflis,  220  N.  N. 
W.  Erivan. 

Sipsey,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs  S.  W.  and  joins 
the  "rombigbee,  40  ra.  N.  ol  the  mouth  of  Alabama 
fiver. 

Sir,  or  5tVr,  r.  which  rises  in  the  mountains  of 
Tartary,  and  runs  into  the  Lake  of  Aral,  in  lat. 
45"  10'  N. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy's  Island,  isl,  in  the  Pacific 
ocean.    Lon.  154"  6'  E.  Lat.  4"  38'  S. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy^s  Islands,  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  ocean..     Lon.  217"  W.  Lat.  1 1"  55'  S. 

Sir  Henry  Martin's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  about  16  leagues  in  circumference,  called 
by  the  natives  JS'ooaheva.  Lon.  220"  E.  Lat.  8" 
51"  S. 

Sir  Charles  Saunder'^s  Island,  or  Tapooamanoo, 
isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  150"  40'  W.  Lat. 
17"28'S. 

Siradia,  i.  Prussian  States,  in  Posen,  late  capital 
of  a  palatinate  in  Poland,  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
Warta,  with  a  castle,  100  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cracow, 
110  S.  W.  Warsaw.  Lon.  18"  45'  E.  Lat.  51" 
31' N. 

Siraf,  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  Persian  gulf,  30  m.  S.  W.  Lar.  Lon.  53"  50' 
E.  Lat.  26°  44' N. 

Sirajepour,  t.  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  10  ra.  E.  Co- 
rah.    Lon.  80"  58'  E.  Lat.  26"  9'  N. 

Siran  Losa,  lake  of  Thibet,  about  18  miles  in 
circumference,  18  m.  W.  Lake  Tenckri. 

Sire,  t.  Abyssinia,  and  cap.  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name.  The  province  is  about  25  miles 
square,  and  considered  as  part  of  Tigr^.  Lon.  38° 
lO'E.  Lat.  14"5'N. 

Siret,  r.  Moldavia,  which  runs  into  the  Danube, 
4  m.  S.  Galacz. 

Sirgian,  or  Kerman,  t.  Persia,  in  Kerman,  cel- 
ebrated for  its  beautiful  potter)',  and  manufacture 
of  stuff.  150  m.  E.  Chiras,  280  S.  E.  Ispahan. 
Lon.  56"  50'  E.  Lat.  29"  40'  N. 

Sirgune,  r.  Prussia,  which  runs  into  the  Frisch 
Haff,  below  Elbing. 

Sirhind,  circar,  Hind,  between  Delhi  and  La- 
bore.  Sirhind,  the  capital,  is  140  m.  S.  E.  La- 
hore, 148  N.  W.  Delhi.  Lon.  76"  7'  E.  Lat.  30° 
42'N. 

Sirian,  s-p.  Pegu,  72  m.  S.  Pegu,  116  E.  Per- 
saim.     Lon.  96"  50'  E.  Lat.  1 6°  54'  N. 

Siri7iagur,  t.  Thibet,  cap.  of  a  district  on  a 
branch  of  the  Ganges,  150  m.  N.  E.  Delhi.  Lon. 
79°  13'  E.  Lat.  30"  22'  N. 

Sirinagur,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Calcutta. 
Lon.  88°  48'  E.  Lat.  23"  7'  N. 

Sirius,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  18  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Lon.  162"  30'  E.  Lat.  10"  52'  S. 

Sirmium,  or  Sirmich,  t.  Sclavonia,  40  m.  N.  W. 
Belgrade. 

Sirouy,  circar,  Hind,  in  Agmere,  on  each  side 
of  the  river  Puddar.  Chief  towns,  Sirowy  and 
Jalotur. 


Sirpy,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  30  m.  S.  E.  Chittle- 
droog,  65  N.  Seringapatam. 
Sirr.     See  Sir. 

Sisolk,  (JJsi,)  t  Russia,  at  the  union  of  the  riv- 
ers Vim  and  Vitchegda,  120  m.  N.  E.  Ustiug,  320 
N.  E.  Vologda.     Lon.  49"  40'  E.  Lat.  61"  55'  N. 

Sister  Island,  Eastern,  Middle,  and  Western,  3 
small  islands  in  Lake  Erie,  near  the  mouth  of 
Maumee  bay,  18  m.  S.  E.  by  S.  Amherstburg.  The 
largest  of  them  contains  about  20  acres. 

Sisleron,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Alps,  on  the  Du- 
rance, with  a  small  citadel  on  a  rock,  15  m.  N.W. 
Digne,  30  N.  E.  Apt.  Lon.  6°  1'  E.  Lat.  44"  U' 
N.    Pop.  3,891. 

Sisters,  2  small  islands  in  the  Red  sea.     Lon.  39" 
15' E.  Lat.  19"  30' N. 
Sistersville,  p-v.  Tyler  co.  Va. 
Sistora,  or  Ssislo,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  25  m.  E.  Nicopoli. 
Lou.  24°  44'  E.  Lat.  43"  45'  N. 

Siszek,  t.  Croatia,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Save  and 
Kulpa,  fortified  with  a  wall  and  moat.  48  m.  S. 
Varasdin,  40  E.  Carlstadt.  Lon.  16°  44'  E.  Lat. 
45°38'N. 

Sitang,  r.  Hind,  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Pe- 
gu, which  runs  into  the  bay  of  Bengal. 

Sitenskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  near  the  II- 
men,  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  Krestzei. 

Sitpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Moultan,  on  the  Indus,  30 
m.  N.  W.  Moultan. 

Sittart,  t.  France,  in  Roer,  12  m.  S.  Ruremond, 
18  W.  Juliers. 

Sitter,  r.  Switz.  which  joins  the  Thur,  9  m.  W. 
St.  Gal. 

Sittinghurn,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  16  m.  W.  S".  W, 
Canterbury,  40  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  45'  E.  Lat. 
51"21'N. 

Sivas,  (an.  Sebaste,)  city,  A.  Turkey,  and  cap. 
of  a  government  to  which  it  gives  name,  the  resi- 
dence of  a  pacha.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls, 
and  defended  by  a  castle.  375  m.  E.  Constanti- 
nople.    Lon.  37°  E.  Lat.  38°  55'  N. 

Siuf,  or  Osiot,  or  Sciot,  t.  Egypt,  2  miles  W. 
from  the  Nile,  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  is  large, 
populous,  and  well-built.  In  a  mountain  abovd- 
Siut  are  several  remarkable  spacious  caverns, 
adorned  with  hieroglyphics  and  emblematical  fig- 
ures. 162  m.  S.  Cairo.  Lon.  31°  38'  E.  Lat.  27° 
25'  N.     Pop.  about  25,000. 

Siwah,  or  Siouah,  t.  Africa,  in  Tripoli,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Egypt,  supposed  to  be  the  ancient 
Mareotis.  It  is  in  a  fertile  spot,  6  miles  long  and 
4  broad.  A  large  portion  of  this  space  is  covered 
with  date  trees  :  there  are  also  pomegranates, 
figs,  olives,  apricots,  wheat,  rice,  and  plantains. 
Mr.  Brown  found  here  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
Egyptian  building ;  it  was  a  single  apartment, 
built  of  huge  stones,  similar  to  those  of  the  pyra- 
mids. The  length  was  32  feet,  the  height  about 
18,  and  the  breadth  15.  Here  are  some  apart- 
ments cut  in  the  rock,  which  have  the  appearance 
of  places  of  sepulture.  On  this  spot  it  is  gener- 
ally supposed  the  celebrated  temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon  stood.  240  m.  W.  Cairo.  Lon.  26°  35' 
E.  Lat.  29"  10'  N. 

Six  JVations,  a  confederacy  of  Indian  Nations, 
so  called  by  the  British  and  Americans.  The 
French  call  them  Iroquois.  Formerly  they  were 
called  the  Five  Nations,  five  only  being  joined  in 
that  alliance.  These  six  nations  are  the  Mohawks, 
Oneidas,  Onondagas,  Senecas,  Cayugas,  and  Tus- 
caroras.  The  latter  joined  the  confederacy  near- 
ly 100  years  ago.     The  whole  number  of  the  Six 


S  K  I 

Nations  is  about  5,000.  Their  villages  are  prin- 
cipally in  the  western  parts  of  New- York.  The 
Mohawks  reside  on  Grand  river,  in  Upper  Canada, 
The  Cayugas  also  are  principally  within  the  Brit- 
ish line. 

Sixt,  t.  France,  in  Ulc-and-Vilaine,  6  m.  N.  Re- 
don,  24  S.  S.  W.  Rennes. 

Sizandro,  r.  Portug^al,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
!  lantic,  in  Ion.  9"  19'  W.  Lat.  39"  2'  N. 
i  SizeboH,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  a  point 
j  of  land  which  projects  into  the  Black  sea.  It  is 
!  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  14  m.  E.Burgos, 
i  105  N.  N.  W.  Constantinople.  Lon.  2T  44'  E.  Lat 
42<'30'N. 

Sizran,  t.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  on  the  Volga,  27 
m.  S.  Simbirsk.     Lon.  48"  14'  E.  Lat  63"  10'  N. 

Sizun,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  6  m.  S.  E.  Lan- 
derneau,  6  S.  Landivesiau. 

Skarroe,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  near  theS.  coast 
of  Fyen,  6  m.  S.  Svenborg.  Lon.  10-29'  E.  Lat. 
55°  1'  N. 

Skagen,  promontory  of  Iceland,  which  projects 
from  the  N.  coast,  about  20  miles.  Lon.  45°  5 1' 
E.  Lat.  66°  N. 

Skale,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  5''  23'  W.  Lat.  55°  54'  N. 

Skalerund,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia.     Lon.  5°  23'  W.  Lat  55°  54'  N. 

Skaloe,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  near  the  coast  of 
J.aaland.     Lon.  1 1°  23'  E.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Skandcrborg,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland. 
10  ra.  S.  S.  W.  Aarhuus.  Lon.  9°  54'  E.  Lat.  56" 
55'  N. 

Skano,  t  Sweden,  in  Schonen,  20  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Lund.    Lon.  12"  34'  E.  Lat.  55°  24'  N. 

Skara,  t.  Sweden,  the  most  ancient  town  of  the 
country,  and  formerly  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Gothland.  It  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1719.  50  m.  E.  Uddevalla.  Lon.  13°  30'  E.  Lat 
58°  24'  N.     Pop.  400. 

Skedaway,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
about  10  m.  S.  Savannah. 

Skeldnessy  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Shetland.     Lon.  1°  48'  W.  Lat.  60"  12'  N. 

Skeleflea,  r.  Swedish  Lapland,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  ofBothnia,  alittle  S.  E.  of  Pitea. 

Skell,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Ure,  neai- 
Rippon,  in  Yorkshire. 

Skeiligs,  2  small  islands  off  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  6  m.  S.  W.  Bolus  Head.  Lon.  10°  23'  W. 
Lat  51°  42' N. 

SkeneMteles,  lake,  principally  in  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.  about  15  miles  long  and  1^  wide.  It  dis- 
charges its  waters  through  an  outlet  10  miles  long 
into  Seneca  river. 

Skeneateles,  p-v.  in  Marcellus,  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.  at  the  outlet  of  Skeneateles  lake,  7  ra.  E. 
Auburn,  163  W.  Albany.  It  contains  about  100 
liOuses,and  a  handsome  Presbyterian  church,  and 
is  a  flourishing  place. 

iikenectada.     See  Schenectady. 

Skenesborough.     See  V/kitehalL 

Skerry,  small  isl.  with  a  light-house,  near  tlie 
N.  W.  coast  of  Anglesea,  in  the  Irish  sea.  Lon. 
<l°40'W.  Lat53'30"N. 

Sker  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Wales,  in  the 
Bristol  channel,    Lon.  3°  42'  W.  Lat  51°  27'  N. 

Skerat,  rock  near  the  ^V.  coast  of  Skye.  Lon. 
6°40' W.Lat57°24'N. 

Skethye,  r.  Wales,  in  Merionethshire,  which 
runs  ;nto  the''Irish  sea,  4  ni.  N.  N.  W.  Barmouth. 

SkiddaWf  mountain,  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  3,000 


SLA 


635 


feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     3  m.  N.  Kes- 
wick. 

Skiffi,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago.. 
Lon.  24"  13'  E.  Lat  38°  44'  N. 

Skillo,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greece.  Lon. 
23°  36' E.  Lat  37°  26' N. 

Skilskioer,  s-p.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zea- 
land, in  a  bay  which  communicates  with  the  Great 
Belt  48  m.  S.  W.  Copenhagen,  Lon.  1 1°  27'  E, 
Lat.  55°  16'  N. 

Skilugrund.  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf 
ofBothnia.     Lon,  20 '  50'  E.  Lat.  63"  55'  N. 

Skinnersville,  p-v.  Washington  co.  N.  C.  \^; 

Skinosa,  desert  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
5  m.  S.  Naxia.    Lon.  23°  32'  E.  Lat  36°  53'  N. 

Skion,  t  Sweden,  near  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  30  m. 
S.  Heruosand. 

Skipness  Point,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Kintyre,  22  m.  N.  Cambletown.  Lon.  5°  24' 
W.  Lat.  55"  49'  N. 

Skippak,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  902. 

Skipton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  22  m.  N.  Halifax, 
219  N.  London.     Lon.  2°  44'  W.  Lat.  53°  56'  N. 

Skiringlass,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Scot- 
land.    Lon.  5"  10'  W.  Lat.  58°  2'  N. 

Skodny,  t.  of  Silesia,  in  the  principality  of  Op- 
peln.  Here  is  a  royal  foundry  for  casting  bombs. 
10  m.  S.  Oppeln. 

Skokam,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Wales. 
Lon.  5°  17' W.  Lat  5 1°  42' N. 

Skomar,  ,small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Wales. 
Lon.  5°  17'  W.  Lat  51"  41'  N. 

Skongen,  t.  Norway,  on  the  coast,  26  m.  N.  N. 
Drontbeini, 

Skonondoah.    See  Sconondoah. 

Skopia,  or  Uskup,  t.  Eu,  Turkey,  in  Macedonia, 
on  the  Varda,  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  54  m.  N. 
Akrida,  56  S.  S.  W.  Nissa.  Lon.  21°  2'  E.  Lat  42* 
40'  N. 

Skunpernong,  r.  N.  C.  connected  by  a  canal 
with  the  lake  in  Dismal  Swamp. 

Skutlock  kills,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine,  N.  N.  E, 
of  Gohlsborough  iiarbour.  They  are  5  in  num- 
ber, appear  round  at  a  distance,  and  serve  as 
land-marks  in  sailing  into  the  harbour. 

Skye,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  and 
one  of  the  largest  of  those  called  the  Western  Isl- 
ands, being  47  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from 
12  to  20  broad.  Lon.  6"  10'  W.  Lat  57°  IB'  N 
Pop.  14,470. 

Slablown,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  4  m.  from 
Burlington. 

Slade  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland,  15  m.  S.  E.  Hillsborough. 

Slagtlse,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
42  m.  W.  S.  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  11°  29'  E. 
Lat  55°  26'  N. 

Slaighthuaite,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  W. 
Huddersfield. 

Slane,  v.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Boyne,  3  m.  W.  Drogheda. 

Slangerup,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zea- 
land, 16  m.  N.  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  12°  10'  E, 
Lat  45°  51' N. 

Slaperdike,  v.  Holland,  7  m.  N.  Alcmaer. 

Slatt-iron-works,  p-v.  Bath  co.  Ken. 

Slativa,  t  Walachia,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Al- 
aut,  2  m.  N.  E.  Brancovani,  50  W.  Bucharest. 

Slave  Coast,  a  country  in  Africa,  bordering  on 
the  Atlantic,  between  the  Gold  Coast  and  Be- 
nin. 

Slave  Lake,  N.  America,  lying  between  lat.  60" 
30'  and  63°  N.  and  between  ion.  110°  and  119"  W, 


696 


S  L  U 


It  is  270  miles  long  and  1,000  in  circumference. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  Athapescow  lake  from 
the  south  through  Slave  river,  and  discharges  it- 
self at  its  N.  W.  extremity  through  M'Kenzie's 
river  into  the  JVozen  ocean. 

Slave  river,  r.  N.  America,  which  forms  the  out- 
let of  Athapescow  lake,  and  running  N.  falls  into 
Slave  lake. 

Slavensk,  t.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinoslav,  on  the 
Dnieper,  48  m.  S.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon.  34°  44' 
E.  Lat.  47",  24'  N. 

Slaughter  creek,  r.  Md.  on  the  Eastern  shore  of 
the  Chesapeake. 

Slawkow  t.  Austrian  Poland,  in  the  palatinate  of 
Cracow,  25  m.  N.  W.  Cracow. 

Sleaford,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln,  17  m.  S.  Lincoln, 
115  N.  London.    Lon.  1°  24'  W.  Lat.  53"  N. 

Slebeze,  or  Slybzc,  small  isl.  in  the  Straits  of  Sun- 
da.    Lon.  105"  24'  E.  Lat.  5°  64'  S. 

Sledge  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
N.  W.  coast  of  America,  about  12  miles  in  circuit. 
Lon.  166°  3'  W.  Lat.  64"  30'  N. 

Sleswick,  {Duchy  of,')a.  province  of  Denmark, 
bounded  N.  by  Jutland,  E.  by  the  Baltic,  S.  by 
Holstein,  and  W.  by  the  North  sea ;  about  72 
miles  long  and  from  30  to  56  broad.  The  country 
is  level  and  well  supplied  with  corn,  cattle,  and 
fish.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  Danes, 
Saxons,  Frischians,  and  Hollanders.  It  contains 
several  towns,  and  1,500  villages.  Sleswick  is  the 
capital. 

Sleswick,  city,  Denmark,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
duchy,  oa.the  river  or  gulf  of  Sley  It  is  at  pres- 
ent no  longer  a  port ;  the  Sley  being  choked  up 
with  sand.  60  m.  N.  Hamburg.  Lon.  9"  34'  E. 
Lat.  54°  33'  N.    Pop.  5,629. 

Slickenborch,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Linde,  28 
m.  S.  Lewarden,  20  S.  E.  Staveren. 

Sliebb-bloom,  mountains  of  Ireland,  between 
King's  and  Queen's  counties. 

Stigo,  t.  Ireland,  in  Sligo  co.  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river,  which  runs  from  Lough  Gill  into  Sligo  bay, 
and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  200  tons  up  to  the 
quays.  The  trade  is  considerable.  66  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Galway,  94  N.  W.  Dublin.  Lon.  8°  20'  W. 
Lat.  54°  16'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Stigo,  CO.  Ireland,  in  the  province  of  Connaught, 
bounded  N.  by  the  sea,  E.  by  Leitrim  and  Ros- 
common, and  S.  and  W.  by  Mayo. 

Slipper  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Eastern  Indian 
Sea-    Lon.  93°  30'  E.  Lat.  14°  8'  N. 

Slippery  rock,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  Beaver 
creek. 

Slippery  rock,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  658. 

Slippery  rock,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.     Pop.  789. 

Slitle,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  Tiviot, 
aear  Hawick,  in  Roxburgshire. 

Sloanesnlle,  p-v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 

Slobodskoi  t.  Russia,  in  Viatka,  20  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Viatka.     Lon.  50°  44'  E.  Lat.  58°  40'  N, 

Slokurn's  Island,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands 
Mass.  5  miles  in  circuit. 

Slooten,  or  Sloleii,  t.  in  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  near  a  large  lake  called  Slooter-Meer,  10  m. 
S.  Bolswaert,  10  E.  Staveren.  Lon.  5°  35'  E.  Lat. 
52°  55'  N.     Pop.  2,616. 

Sluck,  or  Sluckz,  t.  Lithunia,  in  Novogrodek,  68 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Novogrodek,  254  E.  Warsaw.  Lon. 
ar  33'  E.  Lat.  52°  50'  N. 

Sluys,  or  Ecluse,  s-p.  Flanders,  and  formerly 
one  of  the  best  ports  on  that  coast,  but  now  capa- 
f Jle  of  receiving  small  vessels  only.    It  is  furnish- 


S  M  I  ' 

ed  with  sluices,  by  means  of  which  they  can  lay 
the  whole  country  under  water.  18  m.  N.  E.  Os- 
tend,  8  N.  Bruges.    Lon.  8°  14'  E.  Lat.  51"  20'  N. 

Slyme  Head,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  10°  14'  W.  Lat.  53°  23'  N. 

Smalund,  or  Smoland,  a  province  of  Sweden, 
about  100  miles  long,  and  60  broad.  The  princi- 
pal towns  are  Calmar,  Wexio,  and  Jonkioping. 

Smalkalden,  or  Schmalhalden,  t.  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Cassel,  in  the  province  of  llenneberg,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name.  Near  it  are  salt-pits, 
and  mines  of  iron  and  steel.  The  Protestant  prin- 
ces held  meetings  here,  in  1529,  1530, 1531, 1533, 
1535,  1540.  27  m.  N.  N.  E.  Schweinfurt,  12  N. 
N.  E.  Hildburghausen.  Lon.  10°  40'  E.  Lat.  50" 
47'  N.     Pop.  5,700. 

Small  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  Sea.  Lon. 
247°  16'  W.  Lat.  10°  37'  N. 

Smalls,  (The')  rocks  in  the  Irish  Sea,  on  which  a 
light-house  is  erected,  15  m.  S.  W.  St.  David'* 
Head.     Lon.  5°  33'  W.  Lat.  51°  44'  N. 

Smarden,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  26  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tun- 
bridge,  56  E.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  41'  E.  Lat. 
51°  9'  N. 

Smells,  r.  Prussia,  which  runs  into  the  Curish 
Haff,  2  m.  S.  Memel. 

Smerwick,  v.  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  which  gives 
name  to  a  place  called  Smerwik  Harbor.  Lon.  10 
16'W.  Lat.  52°11'N. 

Smethport,  p-t.  and  cap.  McKean  co.  Pa.  45  m 
E.  Warren. 

Smirsilz,  i.  Bohemia,  6  m.  N.  E.  Konigingratz, 
47  E.  N.  E.  Prague.  Lon.  15°  42'  E.  Lat.  50°  14'  N. 

Smilh,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,646. 

Smith,  CO.  West  Tennessee,  on  Cumberland 
river.  Pop.  11,649,  including  2,201  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Carthage. 

Smith,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  S.  St.  Clairs- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1819,  775. 

Smith'' s  Inlet,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Amer- 
ica. 1"he  entrance  is  nearly  closed  by  rocky  islets. 
Lon.  of  the  entrance,  232°  12'  E.  LaL  51°  20^  N. 

Smith's  Island,  large  and  lofty  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lon.  161°  54'  E.  Lat.  9°  44'  S. 

Smith's  river,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into  the  Pemi- 
gewasset  in  New-Chester. 

Smiths  river.    See  Staunton  river,  Va. 

Smiths  Sound,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New»- 
foundland,  bounded  by  Cape  Bonavista. 

Smithfield,  p-t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on  Pawtuck- 
et  river,  9  m.  N.  W.  Providence.  Pop.  3,828.  It 
contains  4  churches,  2  of  which  belong  to  tlie  Qua- 
kers, and  3  Academies.  Lime  of  an  excellent 
quality  is  made  here  in  abundance,  and  exported 
to  the  Southern  States.  Here  are  also  9  cotton 
factories  containing  together  11,000  spindles;  a 
gun  factory  and  several  other  factories. 

Smilhjicld,  p-t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  29  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Utica.  Pop.  2,651.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Peterborough. 

Smithfield,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,084. 

Smithfield,  p-t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

Smitfifield,  p-t.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

Smithfield,  Lower,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Fop. 
1,236. 

Smithfield,  p-t.  Isle  of  Wight  co.  Va.  on  Pagan 
creek  which  empties  into  James  river,  and  is  navi- 
gable for  vessels  of  20  tons.  30  m.  W.  N.  W.  Nor- 
folk, 85  S.  E.  Richmond. 

Smithfield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Johnson  co.  N.  C.  in 
a  beautiful  plain  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Neuse.  It 
contains  jajS8llCt::^9ase  and  jail,  and  is  a  place  of 


S  M  Y 


S  O  A 


697 


Eome  trade.  Near  the  centre  of  the  town  is  an 
Indian  burying  place,  originally  16  feet  high  and 
30  in  diameter.  25  m.  S.  E.  Raleigh,  100  N.  W. 
Ncwbern. 

Smithjitld,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  13  m.  E. 
Cambridge. 

Smithjield,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  Oliio,  12  m.  S.  W. 

Steubenville.    Pop.  in  1815,  500.    Here  is  a  bank. 

Smithland,  p-t.  Livingston  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio, 

3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Cumberland  river.    Pop. 

99. 

Smith's  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  off  the 
Eastern  shore  of  Virginia,  it  is  2  miles  from  the 
main  land,  with  a  channel  of  2  or  3  fathoms  depth 
between. 

Smitk's  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  N.  C.  at 
the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Smith'' s  borough,  p-v.  Tioga  co.  Pf.  Y. 
Smith''  s  ferry,  p-v.  Ohio  co.  Ken. 
Smith's  point,  the  S.  cape  at  the  mouth  of  Po- 
tomac river. 
Smith's  store,  p-v.  Spartenburg  district,  S.  C. 
Smithlown,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  Long-Island,  N.  Y 
It  is  situated  on  the  Sound,  53  m.  E.  New- York. 
It  has  some  shipping,  employed  chiefly  in  trading 
with  New- York.     Pop.  1,592;  in  1820,  1,907. 
Smithtown,  t.  Howard  co.  Missouri. 
SmithvUle,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  S.  W. 
Norwich.     Pop.  995. 

SmithvUle,  p-t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C.  near  the 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river,  30  m.  below  Wilming- 
ton. It  has  a  convenient  harbour  with  a  good 
depth  of  water.  Here  is  an  academy. 
Smockvilk,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Indiana. 
Smolen,  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  on  the  coast  of 
Norway,  25  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  8"  26' 
E.  Lat.  63°  24'  N. 

Smolensk,  t.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  government, 
on  the  Dneiper.  It  is  a  bishop's  see;  and  its  com- 
merce is  very  considerable.  It  is  famous  in  histo- 
ry, as  the  subject  of  many  disputes  between  the 
Poles  and  Russians.  It  is  built  on  two  hills,  with 
a  valley  and  the  river  between  ;  and  surrounded 
with  walls  30  feet  high,  and  15  thick.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  of  trade  are  flax,  hemp,  timber, 
masts,  plank,  honey,  wax,  hides,  and  Siberian 
furs.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  August  1812, 
between  the  French  and  Russians,  in  which  the 
latter  were  defeated,  and  burnt  the  city  to  prevent 
its  occupation  by  the  enemy.  420  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Warsaw,  180  W.  S.  W.  Moscow,  328  S.  S.  E.  Pe- 
tersburg. Lon.  32"  18'  E.  Lat.  54°  40'  N.  Pop. 
12,000. 

Smolenskoe,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Psovskoe,  and  Tverskoe,  E.  by  Moscovskaia,  and 
Kaluzskoe,  S.  by  Orlovskoe,  and  Novgorod  Siever- 
?koe,  and  W.  by  Polotzskoe  and  Mogilevskoc. 
Smolensk  is  the  capital.  Lon.  31"  to  36"  E.  Lat. 
53°  20'  to  56°  15'  N.     Pop.  1,058,700. 

Smyrna,  or  Ismir,  a  city  and  seaport,  A.  Tur- 
key, in  Natolia,  on  a  gulf  of  the  Mediterranean 
which  is  capable  of  containing  the  largest  navy  ia 
the  world.  The  commodiousness  of  its  harbor  has 
rendered  it  the  common  rendezvous  of  the  great- 
est merchants  in  all  the  four  parts  of  the  world. 
The  whole  town  is  a  continual  bazar,  or  fair, 
where  all  the  best  commodities  of  Asia  and  Europe 
are  bought  and  sold  at  cheap  rates.  Tiie  territo- 
ry about  Smyrna  is  very  fertile,  Avith  fine  olive- 
trees  and  vines.  The  European  consuls  live  here 
in  great  state  and  magnificence.  The  total  value 
of  exports  from  Smyrna  to  London  amounted,  on 
an  average  of  the  vears  1785,  1786,  and  1787,  to 

88 


463,349/.  sterling,  and  from  London  to  Smyrna,  to 
423,,548/.  In  1790,  1791,  and  1792,  the  exports  to 
London  amounted  to  779,610Z.  and  the  imports 
from  thence  to  848,280/.  The  city  contains  19 
mosques,  8  Jewish  synagogues,  2  churches  for 
Greeks,  and  1  for  Armenians.  "The  Christian  Eu- 
ropeans are  called  Franks,  and  occupy,  with  few 
exceptions,  one  street  bearing  their  name.  This 
city  suffered  by  a  very  extensive  and  devouring 
fire  on  the  6th  of  August,  1763.  176  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Constantinople.  Lon.  27°  8'  E.  Lat.  38°  28'  N. 
Pop.  130,000,  of  whom  70,000  are  Turks,  30,000 
Greeks,  15,000  Armenians,  10,000  Jews,  and 
5,000  strangers  and  Franks. 

Smyrna,  p-t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N.  Nor- 
wich, 105  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,334. 

Smyrna,  formerly  Duck  creek,  or  Salisbury,  p-t. 
Kent  CO.  Del.  on  Duck  creek,  10  m.  above  its 
mouth,  and  12  N.  W.  Dover.  It  contains  a  bank 
and  an  academy. 

Smythsborough,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 
Snaasen,  lake  of  Norway,  24  miles  long,  and  3 
wide,  54  m.  N.  N.  E.  Drontheim. 

Srutjield,  mountain  in  the  Isle  of  Man ;  from  the 
top  of  which  thei'e  is  a  fair  prospect  of  England, 
Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Wales. 

Snaith,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Don  and  Aire,  24  m.  S.  York,  174  N.  London. 
Lon.  1°  4'  ^V.  Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

Snake  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Indian  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Africa.    Lat.  6°  20'  S. 

Sna7-es,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  largest,  9  m.  in  circuit,  is  in  lon.  186"  20'  E. 
lat.  48"  3'  S. 

Snarnvier,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  25  ro.  S.  S. 
W.Ara1)kir. 

Snead's  tavern,  p-v.  Fluvanna  co.  Va. 
Sneeck,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  surround- 
ed with  ditches  and  ramparts,  38  m.  W.  S.  W, 
Groningen,  13  S.  Lewarden.     Lon.  5°  35'  E.  Lat. 
52°  4'  N.     Pop.  4,893. 

Sneedsborough,  p-v.  Richmond  co.  N.  C. 
Sneime,  t.  Persia,  in  Irac,  67  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Hamadan. 

Snettisham,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  13  m.  N.  Lynn, 

11 1  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  30'  E.  Lat.  52"  53'  N. 

Sniabar,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Snialyn,  t.  Austrian  States,  on  the  Pruth,  96  m. 

N.  Lemberg,  250  E.  S.  E.  Crakow.     Lon.  25°  52' 

E.  Lat.  48°  33'  N. 

Snicker'  ferry,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 
Snicker' s  gap,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 
Snowdon,  mountain  of  Wales,  in  Caernarvon- 
shire, 3,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Snow  hill,  p-t.  and  cap.  Worcester  co.  Md.  at 
the  head  waters  of  the  Pokomoke,  20  m.  E.  Prin- 
cess Ann.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  bank,  an  Academy,  and  3  churches,  1 
each  for  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and  Episco- 
palians. It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
Amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  7,364  tons.  Here  is 
a  large  steam  factory  which  is  in  «ucces9ful  ope- 
ration. 

Snowhill,  p-v.  Greene  co.  N.  C. 
Snug  Comer  Cove,  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Prince  William's  Sound.     Lon.  146° 
30'  W.  Lat.  60"  50'  N. 

Soak,  or  Souiak,  t.  Arabia,  in  Mascat,  on  the  E. 
coast,  5  m.  N.  W.  B  urka. 

Soalterpour,  t.  Bengal,  20  m.  E.  Rangamatty. 
Soana,  t.  Tuscany,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  65  m.  S. 
Florence. 

Soane,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  Ganges  near 
Patna. 


698 


SOD 


S  O  H 


Soangur,  t.  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  50  m.  S.  Sarat, 
13  W.  Noopour.     Lon.  73°  33'  E.  Lat.  21°  10'  N. 

Soank,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  Bramnee 
near  Kroud  in  Orissa. 

Soapi/  Rock,  I'ock  in  the  English  Channel,  4  m. 
N.  W.  Lizard  Point, 

Soar,  or  Sour,  (an.  Leire,)  r.  Eng.  which  runs 
into  the  Trent,  3  m.  N.  N.  E.  Kegworth. 

Soar,  fort.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  23  m.  N.  Durbunga. 
Lon.  86^'  5'  E.  Lat.  26°  30'  N. 

Sobieslau,  t.  Bohemia,  10  m.  E.  Bechin,  48  S.  S. 
W.  Czaslau.    Lon.  14°  34'  E.  Lat.  49°  18'  N. 

Sobotka,  t.  Bohemia,  33  m.  N.  Prague.  Lon.  15° 
11' E.  Lat.  50°  24' N. 

Socho,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  plains 
of  the  tribe  of  Judah. 

Societi/  hill,  p-v.  Darlington  district  S.  C. 

Societi/  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  lying  between  lat.  16°  10'  and  16° 
55'  S.  and  between  lon.  150°  57'  and  152°  W. 
The  name,  Society  Islands,  is  sometimes  given  to 
the  9  following,  viz.  Huaheine,  Raiatea,  Otaha, 
Borabora,  Marua.Tetaroa,  Tapuamanu,  Otaheite 
and  Eimeo,  but  the  four  last  are  more  properly 
railed  Georgian  islands.  The  inhabitants,  cli- 
mate, and  produce  are  similar  in  many  respects, 
to  those  of  Otaheite,  from  which  island  they  are 
not  above  fifty  leagues  distant  towards  the  N.  VV. 
They  abound  with  hogs,  fowls,  plantains,  and 
yams.  For  an  account  of  the  abolition  of  idolatry 
and  introduction  of  Christianity  in  these  islands, 
see  Otaheite. 

Society  land,  i.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  22  m.  S. 
W.  Concord. 

Socoa,  s-p.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  8  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Bayonne.     Lon.  1°  36'  W.  Lat.  43°  24'  N. 

Saconey,  p-v.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 

Soconusco,  or  Gnevctlan,  t.  Guatimala,  on  a  riv- 
er near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  460  m.  S.  E.  Mexico. 
Lon.  94°  36'  VV.  Lat.  15°  28'  N. 

Socorro,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles  in 
circumference,  200  m.  W.  from  the  coast  of  Mexi- 
co.   Lon.  120°  40'  W.  Lat.  18"  40'  N. 

Socos,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  near  the  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  29°  45' S. 

Socotara,  or  Socotra,  isl.  in  the  Arabian  Sea,  25 
leagues  from  Cape  Guardafui,  about  24  leagues 
long,  and  16  broad.  It  has  been  very  variously 
und  contradictorily  described  by  different  authors. 
It  is  agreed,  however,  that  the  island  is  populous 
and  fruitful.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  Maho- 
metans, styling  themselves  Ai'abs.  It  produces 
aloes,  fi-ankincense,  amber-gris,  rice,  dates,  and 
coral.     Lon.  54"  E.  Lat.  12"  15'  N. 

Sodburi/,  {Chipping,)  t  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  1 1 
m.  N.  E.  Bristol,  1 12  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  26'  VV. 
Lat.  51°  36'  N. 

Soden.  v.  Germany,  20  m.  W.  N.  VV.  Frankfort 
on  the  Maine. 

Soderhamn,  s-p.  Sweden,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
near  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  The  trade  is  considera- 
ble in  ai-ms,  linen,  butter,  timber,  flax,  Sic.  20 
ni.  N.  Geffle. 

Soderkioping,  t.  Sweden,  on  a  navigable  river, 
10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Nordkioping,  125  N.  Stockholm. 
Lon.  16°  54'  E.  Lat.  61°  18'  N. 

Soderon,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Sweden,  in 
the  Alands  Haf.     Lon.  8'^  14'  E.  Lat.  60°  15'  N. 

Sodertelge,  or  Soder  Telge,  t.  Sweden,  between 
the  sea  and  the  Maeler  Lake.  Here  is  a  manu- 
facture of  worsted  and  silk  stockings.  16  m.  \V, 
S.  W.  Stockholm.    Lon.  18°  28'  E,  Lat  59°  8'  N, 


Sodmere  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Isle 
of  Wight.     Lon.  r  16'  W.  Lat.  50°  38'  N. 

Sodom  and  Gornmorrah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  two  ©f 
the  four  cities  in  the  vale  of  Siddim,  which  were 
sunk  in  the  Dead  Sea. 

Sodus,  bay,  N.  Y.  in  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  the 
best  harbor  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake.  It  is  6  or 
7  miles  long  and  from  2  to  4  wide,  and  of  sufficient 
depth  for  vessels  of  great  burden.  The  entrance 
is  I  of  a  mile  wide,  and  at  present  is  obstructed  by 
a  bar  with  only  7  feet  water.  It  is  calculated 
however  that  the  bar  can  be  removed  with  a  small 
expense.     Little  Sodas  bay  is  12  m.  E.  of  this  bay. 

Sodus,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Ontario, 
25  m.  N,  E.  Canundaigua.  Pop.  1,957.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  1  for  Presbyteriani  and  1  for 
Baptists. 

Soeborg,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand, 
9  m.  VV.  N.  VV.  Helsingoer. 

Soest,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Cleves-and-Berg, 
formerly  one  of  the  Hanse  towns.  It  is  of  large 
extent,  and  contains  several  churches.  22  m.  £. 
Dortmund,  27  S.  E.  Munster.  Lon.  8°  1 1'  E.  Lat, 
51°33'N.     Pop.  5,372. 

Sofala,  or  Zofala,  or  Quiterve,  country,  Afri- 
ca, bounded  N.  and  VV.  by  the  states  of  Mo- 
caranga,  E.  bv  the  Mozambique  Channel,  S.  by 
Sabia;  about  350  miles  from  E.  to  W.  and  120 
from  N.  to  S.  It  extends  about  50  leagues  along 
the  coast.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  Ma- 
hometan Arabs,  idolatrous  Caffres,  and  bad  Por- 
tuguese Christians.  From  the  mines  of  Sofala, 
gold  is  said  to  be  yearly  extracted  to  the  value  of 
1,166,666/.  sterling.  These  riches  are  divided  be- 
tween the  Portuguese,  tlie  Arabians  of  2iiden  and 
Mecca,  and  the  native  traders  of  Quiloa,  Momba- 
sa, and  Melinda.  Sofala,  the  capital,  has  beea 
fortified  by  the  Portuguese.  The  natives  of  Sofa- 
la are  for  the  most  part  black,  with  short  curled 
hair,  there  being  but  very  few  tawny  or  brown 
among  them.  Many  learned  men  venture  to  af- 
firm that  it  was  from  the  mines  of  this  country 
Solomon  had  his  gold  which  is  so  highly  commend- 
ed by  the  sacred  historians,  and  that  the  kingdom 
of  Sofala  is  the  celebrated  Ophir,  the  gold  being 
allowed  to  be  the  purest  and  finest  in  all  Africa. 
Lon.  r33°  to  36°  E.  Lat.  19"  to  22°  S. 

Sofala,  t.  Africa,  in  the  country  of  the  same 
name.     Lon.  36°  E.  Lat.  19°  22'  S. 

Sofala,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  sea.  Lat. 
19°  22'  S, 

Sofia.     See  Sophia. 

Sogd,  r.  Asia,  which  rises  100  m.  N.  E.  Samar- 
cand,  and  loses  itself  in  a  lake,  30  m.  S.  W. 
Bukhara. 

Soglio  di  Bari,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Naples,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Tarento,  11  ra.  VV.  Alessano. 

Sogne  Bay,  wide  river  of  Norway,  which  runs 
into  the  North  Sea.    Lon.  5'  20'  E.  Lat.  61°  2'  N.' 

Sogno,  or  Sango,  or  Sonho,  province  of  Africa, 
in  Congo,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Zaire,  along  the 
coast  of  the  Atlantic. 

Sogno,  t.  Africa,  and  cap.  of  the  province  d 
Sogno,  with  about  400  houses,  on  a  creek  or  small 
river,  about  a  mile  from  the  Zayre. 

Sohagepour,  t.  Hind,  and  capital  of  a  district  in 
Allahabad,  120  m.  S.  Allahabad,  250  S.  \V.  Pat- 
na.     Lon.  81°  54'  E.  Lat.  23°  30'  N. 

Soham,  t.  Eng.  in  Cambridge,  on  the  river  Cam, 
called  ^ho  Monk's  Soham,  10  m.  N.  VV'.  Newmark- 
et, 70  N.  London.     Lon.  0°  12'  E.  Lat.  52°  20'  N. 

Sohar,  t.  Arab-a,  in  Oman,  44  m.  N.  W.  Mas» 
cat.    Lat.  24°  17' X 


SOL 


S  O  M 


699 


Soiatoi,  small  isl.  of  Russia,  in  the  Caspian  Sea, 
148  m.  S.  E.  Astrachan.  Lon.  50°  14'  E.  Lat.  44*" 
40'  N. 

Soifrnies,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Senne,  near  a  forest  to  which  it  gives  name,  6  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Mon3.     Pop.  4,445. 

Soissons,  city  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Aisne. 
Before  the  revolution  it  was  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  caoital  of  a  district,  called  Soissonrtois.  6i 
posts  N.'  W.  Rheims,  12i  N.  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  3" 
10'  E.  Lat.  49°  23'  N.     Pop.  7,229. 

Soito  de  Rebordoins,  t.  Portu^l,  in  Entre  Due- 
ro  e  Minho,  6  m.  N.  Barcelos. 

Soko,  district,  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  ex- 
tending about  a  league  along  the  coast. 

Sol  Galiczk,  t.  Russia,  in  Kostrom,  96  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Kostrom.     Lon.  42"  24'  E.  Lat.  59°  N. 

Sol  f^itckegodsk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Vitchega,  36 
m.  N.  Ustiug.     Lon.  46°  14'  E.  Lat.  61°  30'  N. 

Solander^s  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  New  Zealand.  It  is  a  barren  rock, 
about  a  mile  in  circuit.  Lon.  192°  49'  W.  Lat.  46" 
31'  S. 

Solano,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat. 
12°  20'  S. 

Solanta,  t.  Sicily,  which  gives  name  to  a  cape 
and  a  bay,  8  m.  E.  Palermo.  Lon.  13°  36'  E.  Lat. 
38°  9'  N. 

Soldau,  or  Detadorf,  t.  Prussia,  100  m.  S.  Kon- 
igsberg;,  68  E.  Culm.  Lon.  20°  4'  E.  Lat  53°  2'  N. 
Soldin,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  on  a 
lake  to  which  it  gives  name,  about  6  miles  long, 
32  m.  N.  Francfort  on  the  Oder,  58  N.  E.  Berlin. 
Lon.  1 4°  59'  E.  Lat.  5.3'  2'  N.     Pop.  3,400. 

Solea,  or  Soli,  t.  Cyprus,  30  m,  N.  N.  E.  Baffa. 
Solebay.     See  Soulhwold. 

Solebury,  t,  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware,  op- 
posite Amwell,  N.  J.     Pop.  1,669. 

Solenoc,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  J  04  m.  S.  Koli- 
van.     Lon.  80°  54'  E.  LaL  52°  45'  N. 

Solenor,  lake  of  Russia,  60  miles  long,  and  20 
broad,  between  Lake  Aral  and  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Lon.  56°  14'  E.  Lat.  43°  50'  to  44"  50'  N. 

Soleure,  or  Solothume,  t.  Switzerland,  and  cap. 
of  a  canton  of  the  same  name,  on  the  river  Aar. 
ft  is  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Jura,  in  a  fertile  and 
pleasant  plain,  is  well  fortified,  and  contains  six 
churches,  an  abbev,  a  convent,  and  an  arsenal.  26 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Bale,  18  S.  Berne.  Lon.  7°  19'  E.  Lat. 
47°  14'  N.     Fop.  5,000. 

Soleure,  canton,  Switzerland,  between  Berne 
ind  Bale,  about  33  m.  long,  and  from  12  to  24 
iroad.  Almost  all  the  inhabitants  are  Roman 
Catholics.     Pop.  43,610. 

Solfatara,  a  mountain  abounding  with  sulphur, 
:ntuated  to  the  S.  of  the  city  of  Naples. 

Solfatara,  or  Logo  di  Bagni,  a  lake  of  Italy,  in 
Campagna  di  Roma.  The  water  is  chalky  and 
iulphureous  ;  towards  the  surface  scarcely  luke- 
warm, but  deeper,  hot,  and  continually  boiling. 
11  m.  S.  E.Rome. 

Solfwitzbnrg,  or  Solvesborg,  or  Sylvisborg,  s-p. 
Sweden,  almost  environed  by  the  Baltic.  It  has  a 
larbor,  with  a  ruinous  castle.  33  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Carlscrona.     Lon.  14°  26'  E.  Lat.  56°  9'  N. 

Solianoi,  fort,  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  on  the  Irtisch. 
Lon.  75°  14'  E.  Lat.  54°  20'  N. 

Soliamkoi  Stanits,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the 
Lena,  16  m.  N.  E.  Olekminsk. 

Solihull,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  7  m.  S.  E.  Bir- 
mingham, 108  N.  W.  London.    Lon.  1°  46' W. 
Lat.  52°  25'  N. 
Solikamsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Perm,  on  the  Kama,  fa- 


mous for  its  salt-works,  112  m.  N.  Perm.  Lon.  56'" 
15'  E.  Lat.  59°  36'  N. 

Soliman,  t.  Tunis,  20  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tunis. 

Solimun,  {Bay  of,)  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Afri- 
ca, in  the  Strait  of  Babel  Mandeb.     Lat.  12°  3'  N. 

Solingen,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Wipper,  12  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Dusseldorf,  14  N.  Coblentz.  Lon.  7°  2'  E. 
Lat.  51°  8'  N. 

Solio,  r.  Naples,  in  Calabria,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  in  lon.  16°  6'  E.  lat.  39°  40'  N. 

Solitaire  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
25  m.  S.  Kerguelen's  Land.  Lon.  68°  6'  E.  Lat. 
49°  49'  S. 

Solitary  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon. 
178°  20'  W.  Lat.  10°  4'  S. 

Solitary  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  E.  coast 
of  New  Holland.     Lat.  30°  8'  S. 

Sollam  Moss,  or  Solway  Moss,  a  tract  of  country, 
Eng.  in  Cumberland,  to  the  N.  of  the  Elk,  con- 
taining about  1,000  acres.  Before  the  union  of 
the  two  kingdoms  it  was  debateable  ground,  the 
inhabitants  on  both  sides  contending  for  it. 

SoUapoiir,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  circar,  on  the 
Kistnah,  120  m.  S.  E.  Visapour,  110  S.  W.  Hy- 
drabad.     Lon.  77"  10'  E.  Lat  16°  22'  N. 

Solms,  a  principality  of  Germany,  now  included 
principally  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse. 

Solmsbach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Lahn,  2  m.  N.  E.  Braunfels. 

Solombol,  isl.  of  Russia,  in  Archangel,  in  the 
river  Dwina,  5  versts  above  Archangel. 

Solomon^s  Islands,  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
situated  E.  of  Papua,  also  called  Arsacides. 

Solomonstoivn,  Indian  village,  Ohio,  on  the  Mi- 
ami, 17  m.  S.  Fort  McArthur. 

Solon,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Kennebeck  river,  18  m.  N.  Norridgewock,  44 
W.  by  N.  Hallowell. 

Solon,  p-t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E.  Homer, 
132  VV.  Albany.     Pop.  1 ,270. 

Saloon,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  Sea,  25  m.  from 
Samar.     Lon.  125°  42'  E.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. 

Solor,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea,  70  m.  in  circum- 
ference, separated  from  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Flores  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  the  Straits 
of  Flores.  Lon.  123°  17'  E.  Lat,  8"  33'  S. 

Solothurn.     See  Soleure. 

Solotkova,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Ilmin,  60 
m.  S.  W.  Orlenga. 

Soloretskai,  small  isl.  of  Russia,  in  the  White 
Sea.     Lon.  30"  14'  E.  Lat.  64°  53'  N. 

Solre  le  Chateau,  t.  France,  in  North,  6  ni.  N.  E. 
Avesnes,  7  S.  E.  Maubeuge. 

Solsona,  or  Salsona,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  97  m.  E.  Saragossa,  48  N.  N.  W. 
Barcelona.     Lon.  1°  22'  E.  Lat.  42"  2'  N. 

Sollau,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principality  of  Lune- 
burg,  29  m.  N.  N.  W.  Zell,  29  W.  S.W.  Lune- 
burg.     Lon.  9"  55'  E.  Lat.  53°  4'  N.     Pop.  1,51 9. 

Soltkott,  t.  Germany,  famous  for  its  salt  works, 
6  m.  S.  W.  Paderborn. 

Solway  Frith,  large  bay  or  arm  of  the  sea  be- 
tween Scotland  and  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  county 
of  Cumberland.  The  mouth  is  in  lon.  3°  26'  W. 
Lat.  54°  53'  N. 

Sombernon,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  13  m.  VV. 
Dijon. 

Somers,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  22  m.  N.  E.  Hartford, 
12  S.  E.  Springfield.     Pop.  1,210. 

Somers,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  N.  E. 
New- York.  Pop.  1,782.  It  contains  a  pleasant 
village,  which  is  the  principal  cattle  market  for 


'mm 


s  o  M 


the  city  of  New -York.      Here  is  a  printing-offic*, 
from  which  a  weekly  paper  is  issued. 

Somers,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Somen  Islands.     See  Bermudas. 

Somersetshire,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  the 
Bristol  channel,  and  Gloucester  co,  E.  by  Wilt- 
shire, S.  E.  by  Dorsetshire,  and  S.  and  S.  W.  by 
Devonshire.     Pop.  303,180. 

Somerset,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  40 
m.  S.  by  Quebec. 

Somerset,  co.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  the  Penob- 
scot, bounded  E.  by  Penobscot  co.  S.  by  Kenne- 
beck  CO.  and  W.  by  Oxford  co.  Pop.  12,910. 
Chief  town,  Norridgewock. 

Somerset,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  42  m.  S.  W. 
Windsor.    Pop.  199. 

Somerset,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  Taunton  riv- 
er, 13  m.  S.  Taunton,  42  S.  Boston.     Pop.  1,199. 

Somerset,  co.  N.J.  on  Raritan  river,  bounded  N. 
by  Morris  co.  E.  by  Essex  and  Middlesex  cos.  S. 
by  Middlesex  CO.  and  W.  by  Hunterdon  co.  Pop. 
14,728.    Chief  town,  Boundbrook. 

Somerset,  co.  in  the  S.  part  of  Pa.     Pop.  11,284. 

Somerset,  p-t.  borough,  and  cap.  Somerset  co. 
Fa,  35  m.  W.  Bedford,  60  S.  E.  Pittsburg.  Pop. 
1,648. 

Somerset,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,500. 

Somerset,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Delaware,  E. 
by  Worcester  co.  S.  and  W.  by  the  waters  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  and  N.  W.  by  Dorchester  co. 
Pop.  17,195,  including  6,795  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Princess  Ann. 

Somerset,  p-t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Ken.  12  m. 
S.  B.  E.  Stanford. 

Somerset,  p-t  and  cap.  Periy  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  S. 
W.  Zanesville.  It  contains  about  60  dwelling- 
houses. 

Somerset,  I.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
520. 

Somerset,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

Somersworth,  t  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Pis- 
cataqua,  1 1  m.  N.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  878. 

Somerlon,  t.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  13  m.  S. 
WeUs,  123  W.  London.  Lon.  T  43'  W.  Lat.  51" 
S'N. 

Somerville,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

Somervilk,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 

Somerville,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  Alabama. 

Sotnevoire,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  15  m.  H. 
St  Dizier. 

Somino,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger. 
Lon.  4°  48'  W.  Lat.  13°  11'  N. 

Somma,  t.  Naples,  10  m.  E.  Naples. 

Somma,  t.  Popedom,  4  m.  S.  Spoleto. 

Somme,  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Aisne,  passes 
by  St.  Quentin,  Bray,  Amieus,  and  Abbeville, 
and  runs  into  the  English  channel,  5  m.  W.  N.  W. 
St.  Valery. 

Somme,  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Straits  of  Calais,  E.  by  Aisne,  S.  by  Oise, 
and  W.  Lower  Seine  and  the  English  channel. 
Amiens  is  the  capital. 

Sommeary,  t.  Persia,  in  Mekran,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  river  which  runs  into  the  Arabian  sea. 

Sommerda,  or  Sommern,  t.  Saxonv,  11m.  N.  N. 
E.  Erfurt,  12  N.  W.  Weimar. 

Sommerdyck,  or  Sommehdyke,  or  Zomerdyck,  t. 
Netherlands,  and  chief  town  of  the  island  of  Over- 
flakee,  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  Dort,  10  W.  Willemstat 

Somerfeld,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
15  m.  S.  Crossen,  72  S.  E.  Berlin.     Pop.  1,900. 
Smnmershaxuen,  t.  Germany,  on  tlie  Maine,  4 


SON 

m.  S.  Wurzbarg,  41  W.  S.  W.  Bamberg.    Lon; 
10°  3' E.  Lat  49"  45' N. 

Sommieres,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Nismes,  15  N.  E.  Montpellier.  Lon.  4°  11' E.  Lat. 
43"  47'  N. 

Somorrostro,  t.  Spain,  in  Biscay,  on  a  bay  of  the 
Atlantic.  Here  is  a  famous  iron  mine,  which  has 
all  the  appearance  of  being  alluvial,  places  that 
had  been  worked  centuries  ago,  being  replete 
with  new  ore.  It  h  generally  allowed  that  no 
iron  in  Europe  is  so  easy  to  fuse,  or  so  soft  as  that 
of  Somorrostro.  13  m.  N.  W.  Bilbao.  Lon.  3°  7' 
W.  Lat  43°  19' N. 

Soncino,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Oglio,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cre- 
ma,  20  N.  Cremona.     Pop.  3,876. 

Sonderborg,  seaport,  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Alsen,  with  a  royal  palace,  and 
one  of  the  best  harbours  in  Denmark,  1 6  m.  E.  N. 
E.Flensborg.  Lon.  9°  49' E.  Lat  54"  57' N.  Pop. 
2,690. 

Sondershausen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality 
of  Swarzburg-Sondershausen,  on  the  Wipper.  On 
an  eminence  without  the  town  stands  tlie  palace, 
where  the  ruling  prince  of  the  Sondershausen 
line  usually  resides.  20  m.  N.  E.  Mulhausen,  26 
N.  Erfurt  Lon.  10°  57'  E.  Lon.  51°  22'  N.  Pop. 
3,100, 

Sondre  Grvnd,  or  Bottomless,  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  about  20  leagues  in  circumference.  Lon. 
148°  W.  Lat.  15"  S. 

Sondrio,  or  Sanders,  t.  Italy,  on  a  small  river 
which  runs  into  the  Adda,  15  m.  E.  Chiavenna,  22 
W.  S,  W.  Bormio.  Lon.  9°  50'  E.  Lat.  46"  6'  N, 
Pop.  3,515. 

Sonepour,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  on  the  Mahanada, 
38  m.  S.  Sumbulpour,  30  W.  Boad.  Lon.  83"  40' 
E.  Lat  20°  47' N. 

Song-Kiang,  city  of  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiang-nan,  near  the  sea,  560  m.  S.  Peking.  Lon. 
120"  44'  E.  Lat.  31°  N. 

Songia,  isl.  in  the  straits  of  Malacca.  Lon.  100° 
30' E.  Lat  2°  18' N. 

Sonho,  or  Songo,  or  Sogno,  a  province  of  Con- 
go, on  the  S.  side  of  tlio  Zayre,  and  on  the  W. 
bounded  by  the  Atlantic.  It  is  large  and  popu- 
lous. The  chief  trade  is  in  slaves  and  elejihants' 
teeth.  The  inhabitants  profess  themselves  chris- 
tians of  the  church  of  Rome. 

Sonho,  t.  Congo,  and  cap.  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, on  a  small  river,  about  a  mile  from  the 
Zayre.  Lon.  13°  30'  E.  Lr.t.  7"  30'  S. 

Sonneherg,  t  Austria,  22  m,  N.  W.  Vienna. 
Lon.  16°  2'  £.  Lat.  48°  29'  N. 

Sonneburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  a  small  river 
which  runs  into  the  Warta,  10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cos- 
trin.   Lon.  14"  58'  E.  Lat.  52°  37'  N. 

Sonrienburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau, 2  m.  N.  E.  Wisbaden. 

Sonnenhurg,  t  Prussian  States,  in  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Lenza,  7  m.  E.  Custrin,  18  N.  N.  E. 
Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  Lon.  14"  58'  E.  Lat  52" 
37'  N. 

Sonnenstein,  fortress.  Saxony,  in  Meissen,  near 
Pima. 

Sonnewalde,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Branden- 
burg, 10  m.  S.  Luckau,  48  S.  Berlin.  Lon.  13"  38' 
E.  Lat  51°  40'  N.     Pop.  700. 

Sonora,  an  intendency  of  Mexico,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  gulf  of  California.  Area,  146,035  sq. 
miles.     Pop.  in  1803,  121,400. 

Sonthofen,  or  Sunthofen,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Upper 
Danube,  56  m.  S.  Augsburg,  18  W.Fuessen.  E^[)p. 
2,400. 


S  O  R 

Sontra,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
Wohra,  28  m.  S.  Cassel,  22  W.  S.  W.  Mulhausen. 
Lon.  9"'  58'  E.  Lat.  31°  5'  N.     Pop.  850. 

Sonwary,  t.  Hind,  in  Gugerat,  21  m.  S.  Surat 
Sooha,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger. 
Lon.  4"  52'  W.  Lat.  13°  10'  N. 

Sooloo,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands  in  the  E. 
Indian  sea,  about  30  miles  long,  and  10  broad, 
containing  60,000  inhabitants,  who  are  Malays. 
The  island  produces  a  great  variety  of  fruit,  and 
the  teak  tree  is  found  in  great  abundance.  Many 
Chinese  live  on  the  island,  and  carry  on  great 
trade.  At  Sooloo,  and  many  neighbouring  islands, 
the  pearl  fishery  has  been  carried  on  for  ages,  and 
is  the  principal  source  ol  their  wealth.  The  do- 
minions of  Sooloo  extend  over  the  principal  part 
of  the  archipelago  of  islands  between  Borneo  and 
Mindanao,  called  the  Sooloo  Archipelago,  and 
even  on  the  N.  coast  of  Borneo.  Their  religion  is 
Mahometan.  The  English  East-India  company 
have  an  agent  in  this  island.  Lon.  119°  E.  Lat. 
6°N. 

Sootiam,  or  Surinam^  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  136  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Delhi.    Lon.  73°  31'  E.  Lat.  29°  57'  N. 
Soonamooky,  t.  Bengal,   13  m.  N.  Bissunpour. 
Lon.  87°  33'  E.  Lat.  23°  18'  N. 

Soonda,  country,  Hind,  between  Canara  and 
Concan,  about  40  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  30  from 
E.  to  VV. 

Soopour,  i.  Hind,  in  Oude,  46  m.  N.  N.  E.  Goor- 
acpour.  Lon.  84°  13'  E.  Lat.  27°  20'  N. 

Soar,  or  Shoor^  name  given  to  the  river  Indus, 
between  Attock  and  Moultan. 

Soorangur,  t.  Hind,  in  Orissa,  near  the  river 
Mahanada,  200  m.  E.  Nagpour,  275  W.  Calcutta. 
Soorma,  r.  Asia,  which  runs  into  the  Burram- 
pooter,  near  Sunerampour,  in  Bengal. 

Sooroot,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  108"  36' 
E.  Lat.  2°  45'  N. 

Soorore,  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded  on  the  N. 
E.  and  S.  by  Cossimpour  and  Dinagepour,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Rajemal.     Bydell  is  the  chief  town. 

Soory,  t.  Bengal,  7  m.  E.  Nagore.  Lon.  87°  38' 
E.  Lat.  23°  53'  N. 

Soosoohoonam,  kingdom,  Java,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  island,  formerly  extending  to  the  N.  coast.  Jo- 
lo  is  the  capital. 

Soothill,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  N.  W.  Wake- 
field. 

Sooty,  t.  Bengal,  27  m.  N.  Moorshedabacl.  Lon. 
88°  1 1'  E.  Lat.  24°  25'  N. 

Sophia,  or  Sojia,  city,  Eu.  Turkey,  and  cap.  of 
Bulgaria,  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  280  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Constantinople,  164  W.  N.  W.  Adrian- 
ople.  Lon.  23°  14'  E.  Lat.  42"  56'  N.  Pop. 
46,000. 

S(yphiai,  t.  Russia,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Petersburg. 
Sophiasburg,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Upper  Can- 
ada, on  the  bay  of  Quint. 

Sophienberg,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zeal- 
and, 13  m.  N.  Copenhagen. 

Soppau,  t.  Silesia,  5  m.  N.  Jagerndorf. 
Sora,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
31  m.  N.  N.  W.  Sezza,  60  N.  W.  Naples.     Lon. 
13°  36'  E.  Lat.  41°  47'  N. 

6'ar,  or  Sohr,  v.  Bohemia,  6  m.  S.  W.  Traute- 
sau. 

Sorau,  or  Zyory,  t.  Silesia,  18  m.  E.  Ratibor,  21 
N.  Teschen.  Lon.  18°  40'  E.  Lat.  50°  1'  N.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Sorow,  or  Zarorv,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Guben,  8  W.  Sagan.  Lon. 
15""  10'  E.  Lat  5 1°  37'  N.     Pop.  3,500. 


SOT 


701 


Sorboe,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway. 
Lat.  59°  5'  N. 

Sorbon,  or  Sorbonne,  v.  France,  in  Ardennes,  6 
m.  N.  Rethel. 

Sorcery'' s  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  W.  coast  of  Af- 
rica, near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Grande. 

Sorde,  or  Sordes,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  9  m.  E. 
Bayonne,  4  S.  Dax. 

Sore],  seigniory,  Richelieu  and  Surrey  coun- 
ties, Lower  Canada,  at  the  confluence  of  the  riv- 
er Sorel  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  N.  E.Mon- 
treal. The  town  of  Sorel,  or  William  Henry,  is 
regularly  laid  out ;  the  streets  intersect  each  oth- 
er at  right  angles,  leaving  a  central  square  of 
more  than  500"feet  on  each  side.  It  contains  about 
150  dwelling-houses,  and  1,500  inhabitants. 

Sorel,  Richelieu,  or  Chambly,  r.  Lower  Cana- 
da, forming  the  outlet  of  lake  Champlain.  It 
flows  north,  and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Sorel, 
40  miles  below  Montreal.  It  is  remarkable  for 
being  narrower  at  its  mouth  than  at  its  source. 
At  its  mouth  it  is  250  yards  wide,  which  it  pre- 
serves up  to  the  basin  of  Chambly  ;  from  Cham- 
bly to  the  isle  du  Portage  it  is  500  yards  wide  ; 
beyond  this  it  spreads  to  double  that  width,  and 
continues  to  widen  still  more  up  to  St.  John's, 
whence  there  is  a  ship  navigation  to  the  towns  on 
lake  Champlain.  From  Lake  Champlain  to  the 
basin  the  current  is  strong,  and  in  some  places 
broken  by  rapids,  and  the  ascent  is  laborious. 
From  the  basin  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  current 
is  regular  and  gentle.  Numerous  boats  and  rafts, 
loaded  with  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  and  flour,  are 
continually  descending  this  river  in  summer. 

Sorento,  or  Sorrento,  seaport,  Naples,  in  Prin- 
cipata  Citra ;  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  on 
a  hill,  rising  from  the  sea-shore,  between  two 
lofty  mountains.  It  was  anciently  adorned  with 
several  magnificent  temples,  among  which  were 
those  of  Juno,  Diana,  and  Hercules.  The  situ- 
ation of  the  town  is  delightful.  It  was  the  native 
place  of  the  renowned  Torquato  Tasso.  15  m.  S. 
Naples.  Lon.  14°  24' E.  Lat.  40"  40' N.  Pop.  4,124. 
Sorgue,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Rhone 
by  several  mouths,  near  Avignon. 

Soria,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  near  the  source 
oftheDuero.  116  m.  N.  N.  E.  Madrid,  70  W. 
Saragossa.  Lon.  2"  25' W.  Lat.  41°  47' N. 

Soroe,  t.  Denmark,  in  the  island  of  Zealand,  8 
m.  W.  Slaglese,  35  S.  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  11° 
30'  E.  Lat.  55°  27'  N. 

Soroe,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lat. 
70°  30'  N. 

Sorsele,  t.  Swedish  Lapland,  105  m.  W.  Pitea. 
Lon.  17°  20'  E.  Lat.  65°  33'  N. 

Sort,  seaport,  Africa,  in  Tripoli,  on  the  gulf  of 
Sidra.  Lon.  16"  55' E.  Lat.  30°  28' N. 

Sosnitza,  t.  Russia,  32  m.  S.  S.  W.  Novgorod 
Sieverskoi.  Lon.  32°  46'  E.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Sosnovskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolivan.  Lon.  85°  44' 
E.  Lat.  55°  50'  N. 

Sospello,  t.  Sardinian  States,  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, 10  m.  N.  E.  Nice,  7  N.  W.  Vintimiglia.  Pop. 
2,990. 

Sosti,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  10  m.  S. 
Squillace. 

Sosva,  r.  Russia,  'which  runs  into  lake  Phelim, 
in  lon.  63°  54'  E.  lat.  59°  15'  N. 

Sosznizowits,  or  Saszinkowits,  t.  Silesia,  35  m. 
S.  E.  Oppeln,  17  N.  E.  Ratibor.  Lon.  18°  28'  E. 
Lat.  50°  14'  N. 

Sotello,  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  30  m.  S,  Bur- 
gos. 


702 


SOU 


Sottttille,  t.  France,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Seine, 
3  m.  S.  Rouen. 

Souady,  or  Sohar,  small  isl.  in  the  Arabian  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Oman.  Lat.  24°  14'  N. 

Soudah,  desert,  Africa,  between  Tripoli  and 
Fezzan. 

Soudan.     See  Negroland. 

Sovel^  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Ton quin.  Lon.  105"  42' E.  Lat.  11°  2' N. 

Soulaines,  t.  France,  in  Aube,  27  m.  E.  Troyes. 

Soulange,  seigniory,  York  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  28  m.  W. 
Montreal. 

Soulls,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  8  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Haguenau. 

Soumensao,  t.  France,  in  Lot-and- Garonne,  7 
m.  N.  W.  Lausun.  Lon.  0"  27'  E.  Lat.  44°  41'  N. 

Sound,  or  Oresound,  the  strait,  or  narrow  sea 
between  Denmark  and  Sweden,  through  which 
vessels  pass  out  of  the  North  sea  into  the  Baltic. 

Soune,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Africa.  Lat.  10"  57'  N. 

Souprosse,  t  France,  in  Landes,  6  m.  S.  E. 
Tartas.  10  S.  W.  Montde  Marsan. 

Sour.     See  Hamza  Burg, 

Sour,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Mo- 
selle, 3  m.  above  Treves. 

Soura,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Soure,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Montemor  o  Velho. 

Sourahaya,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  on  a  riv- 
er navigable  up  to  the  town  for  vessels  of  100  tons 
burthen.  The  Chinese  formerly  carried  on  a 
considerable  trade  here.  Lat.  7°  1 1'  S. 

Souri,  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  on  the  Persian 
gulf,  38  m.  S.  W.  Ormus. 

Sousel,  t.  Portugal,  in  Aleatejo,  6  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Estremoz. 

Sou-lcheou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiang-nan,  on  a  river  which  communicates  with 
the  lake  Tai.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
agreeable  cities  of  the  whole  empire.  The  bro- 
cades and  embroideries  made  here  are  in  great 
request  throughout  China.  562  m.  S.  S.  E.  Pe- 
king. Lon.  120°  E.  Lat.  31"  22'  N. 

Souler,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  N.  side 
of  Missouri  river. 

Souihttker  Ledge,  reef  of  rocks  near  the  S.  coast 
of  Labrador.  Lon.  60°  W.  Lat.  50°  5'  N. 

Southam,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  10  m.  E.  War- 
wick, 83  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  22'  W.  Lat.  52° 
18' N. 

South  Amboy,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  at  the 
mouth  of  Raritan  river,  opposite  Amboy.  Pop. 
3,071. 

Southampton,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Hants,  at  the  un- 
ion of  two  rivers,  which  run  into  a  bay  of  the 
English  channel,  called  Southampton  Water. 
The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable  trade 
with  Portugal  for  wine  and  fruit,  as  likewise  with 
the  islands  of  Guernsey  and  Jersey.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  silk  and  carpets.  It  sends  two 
membei-s  to  the  British  parliament.  Packets  sail 
regularly  in  time  of  peace,  from  Southampton  to 
Cherburg.  23  m.  S.  E.  Salisbury,  75  S.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  r  24'  W.  Lat.  50°  54'  N.  Pop.  9,617. 

Southampton  Water,  or  Trissanton  Bay,  bay  of 
the  English  channel,  on  the  coast  of  Hampshire, 
Eng.  Lon.  1°  1'  W.    Lat.  50"  48'  N. 

Southampton,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  16  m.  S. 
W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  427. 

Southampton,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  9  m.  S.  W. 
Northampton.    In  this  town  there  is  a  lead  mine, 


SOU 

the  ore  of  which  is  rich,  yielding  from  50  to  60 
per  cent  of  pure  metal.     Pop.  1,171. 

Southampton,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  on  Long  Island,  N. 
y.  98  m.  E.  New  York.  It  is  divided  into  4  parish- 
es,  Westhampton,  Southampton,  Bridgehampton, 
and  Sag  harbor,  in  each  of  which  is  a  post  office. 
Pop- 3,899;  in  1820,4,318. 

Southampton,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  700. 

Southampton,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,060. 

Southampton,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  932. 

Southampton,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  739. 

Southampton,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  455. 

Southampton,  co.  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Va.  in- 
closed by  N.  Carolina,  and  the  counties  of  Sussex, 
Surry,  Isle-of- Wight,  Nansemond,  and  Greens- 
ville. Pop.  13,497,  including  6,406  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Jerusalem. 

South  Bay,  an  arm  of  lake  Champlain,  which 
extends  from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake  in  a  S.  W.  di- 
rection. 

South  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Long  Island, 
between  Hempstead  and  Southampton. 

South  Berwick.     See  Bencick,  South. 

Southborough,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m.  E. 
Worcester,  28  W.  Boston,     Pop.  926. 

Southbridge,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 

South  Brimjield,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  19  m. 
E.  Springfield.     Pop.  645. 

Southbury,  p-t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Housatonnuc,  40  m.  S.  W.  Hartford. 
Pop.  1,413.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

South  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  extremity  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  146°  56' E.  Lat  43°  42' S. 

South  East,  p-t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  E. 
West  Point.     Pop.  1,887. 

South  End,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  42  m.  E.  Lon- 
don. 

Southern  States,  the  part  of  the  United  States 
which  lies  on  the  Atlantic,  S.  of  Potomac  river  : 
viz.  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Geoi^ia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Lou- 
isiana. 

South-Esk,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the 
German  sea  a  little  below  Montrose.  Lon.  2"  25' 
W.  Lat.  56°  40'  N. 

South  Farms,  p-v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 

Soutbjitld,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  26  m.  S.  E. 
Lenox.  Pop.  147.  Sandisfield  is  now  united 
with  it. 

Southjield,  t.  and  cap.  Richmond  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  S.  side  of  Staten  Island,  12  m.  S.  New  York. 
Pop.  1,007.  In  this  town  are  the  fortifications  for 
the  defence  of  New  York.  It  contains  also  the 
village  of  Richmond,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

South  Frankfort.     See  Frankfort,  Kentucky. 

South  Gasconade,  t.  Franklin  co.  Missouri. 

South-Hadley,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  on  the 
E.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  5  m.  S.  E.  North- 
ampton, 12  N.  Springfield.  Pop.  902.  The  ob- 
structions to  the  navigation  of  the  Connecticut  at 
this  place,  have  been  surmounted  by  a  wooden 
dam  across  the  river,  1,100  feet  long,  and  4i  feet 
high,  and  a  canal  712  perches  long,  and  17  feet 
wide  at  the  bottom,  with  5  locks  near  the  lower 
end,  overcoming  a  fall  of  nearly  50  feet.  About 
one  third  of  the  whole  length  of  the  canal  is  cut 
through  a  solid  rock  ten  feet  deep,  and  near  the 
locks  ifor  a  distance  of  300  feet,  to  the  depth  of  40 
feet. 

South  Haven  Point,  promontory  on  the  coast  of 
Dorsetshire,  in  the  English  channel,  at  the  en- 
trance into  Pool  harbour. 


sou 

South  Head,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New- 
Holland.  Lon.  108°  17'  W.  Lat.  24°  2"  S. 

South  Hero,  p-t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  Grand 
Isle  in  Lake  Champlain,  12  m.  N.  \V.  Burlington. 
Pop.  826. 

South  Hill,  p-v.  Muhlenburg  co.  Va. 

Southington,  p-v.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  18  m.  S.  W. 
Hartford/ 21  N.  New-Haven.  Pop.  1,807.  It 
contains  3  churches,  1  each  for  Congregational- 
ists,  Episcopalians,  and  Baptists. 

Southington,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Warren. 

South  Island,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  E. 
coast  of  Madae:ascar.     Lon.  50°  20'  E.  Lat.  17°  S. 

South  Island,  isl.  in  the  strait  of  Saleyer,  near 
iheS.  coast  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  Lon.  120°  51' 
E.  Lat.  5°  45'  S. 

South  Island,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
S.  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Boutton.  Lon.  122° 
50'  E.  Lat.  5"  42°  S. 

South  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  141° 
20' E.  Lat.  24"  22' N. 

South  Kingston,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
R.  I.  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the  entrance  of  Narra- 
ganset  bay,  30  m.  S.  W.  Providence.  Pop.  3,560. 
In  this  town  is  the  village  of  Little  Rest. 

Southminster,  t.  Eug.  in  Essex,  11  m.  S.E.  Mai- 
don. 

Southmolton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  river 
Mole,  which  runs  into  the  Tau,  1 1  m.  E.  Barnsta- 
ble, 186  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  W.  Lat.  51°  3'  N. 

South  Mountain.     See  Blue  Ridge. 

Southold,t.  Middlesex  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
lake  Erie. 

Southold,  p-t.  Suffolk  co.  on  Long-Island,  N.  Y. 
100  m.  E.  New  York.  It  includes  the  islands. 
Plumb,  Great  and  Little  Gull,  Fisher's,  Rom, 
and  Robbin's.  It  is  divided  into  three  pai'ishes, 
Cutchoque,  Southold,  and  Oyster  Ponds.  Pop. 
2,613  ;  in  1820,  2,954. 

South  Point,  cape  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Bar- 
badoes.  Lon.  56°  23'  W.  Lat.  13"  N. 

South  ^uay,  p-v.  and  port  of  entty,  Nansemond 
CO.  Va.     Amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  90  tons. 

South  River,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  Chesa- 
peake bay  6  m.  S.  Annapolis. 

South  Salem,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  50  m. 
N.  by  E.  New  York.     Pop.  1,566. 

South- Sea  Castle,  fortress,  Eng.  in  Hants,  about 
a  mile  from  Portsmouth. 

South  West  Cape,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.  Lon.  146°  7'  E.  Lat.  43°  37'  S. 

South  West  Point.     See  Kingston,  Tennessee. 

Southwark,  or  the  Borough  of  Southwark,  Eng. 
in  Surry,  on  the  right  side  of  the  Thames,  oppo- 
site the  city  of  London,  to  which  it  may  be  con- 
sidered as  a  suburb.  It  contains  4  parishes,  and 
was  governed  by  its  own  bailiffs  till  the  year  1327. 
There  are  several  prisons  in  Southwark,  and  two 
hospitals;  that  of  St.  Thomas  and  Guy's.  Ship- 
building is  carried  on  here  to  a  great  extent,  and 
there  are  a  vast  number  of  iron  founderies,  glass- 
houses, &c.  in  the  vicinity.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliament.     Pop.  in  1801,  67,448. 

Southwell,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottingham  co.  12  m.  N. 
E.  Nottingham,  135  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  5i5'  W. 
Lat.  58°  5'  N.     Pop.  2,674. 

Southwick,  p-t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  9  m.  S.  W. 
Springfield.     Pop.  1,229. 

Southwold,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  a  point 
of  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Blythe,  in  a  bay 
of  the  German  ocean.  It  is  fortified  with  two 
batteries.    The  bay,  vulgarly  called  Soiebay,  is 


SPA 


703 


remarkable  for  the  famous  fight  in  the  year  1666, 
between  the  English  fleet  of  114  men  of  war  and 
frigates,  and  the  Dutch  fleet  of  103  men  of  war, 
in  which  the  latter  were  defeated.  35  m.  N.  E. 
Ipswich,  104  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  39'  E.  Lat. 
52°20'N.  Pop.  1,054. 

Southwold,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
lake  Erie. 

Sow,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Trent,  3  m.  E. 
Stafford. 

Sow,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  inio  the  Avon,  4  m.  N. 
Warwick. 

Sow  and  Pigs,  rocks  in  the  German  sea,  near 
the  E.  coast  of  England,  3  ra.  E.  N.  E.  Blythe, 
Lon.  1°12'  W.  Lat.  55°  9' N. 

Sowerby,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  S.  W.  Hali- 
fax. 

Sowhegan,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  Merrimack, 
in  the  town  of  Merrimack. 

Soyland,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3m.S.  S.  W.  Hal- 
ifax. 

Soyolla,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon.  59°  38' E.  Lat. 
14°  2'  N. 

Soz,  T.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Dnieper,  16 
m.  S.  Bilitzi. 

Spa,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  on  a  small  river 
which  runs  into  the  Ourte,  and  is  celebrated  for 
its  mineral  waters.  During  the  water-drinking 
season,  the  town  is  furnished  like  a  fair  with  a 
variety  of  toys,  &c.  There  are  beautiful  and 
healthful  rides  on  every  side,  with  great  variety 
of  pleasant  and  romantic  walks.  For  evening  di- 
versions there  are  public  rooms  for  assemblies  ev- 
ery night,  and  balls  two  or  three  times  a  week. 
16  m.  S.  E.  Liege,  21  E.  Huy.  Lon.  5°  50'  E.  Lat. 
50°31'N.     Pop.  2, 106. 

Spafford,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  on  Skeneateles 
lake,  13  m.  S.  Onondaga. 

Spain,  a  country,  Europe,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  E.  by  France,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  Pyrenees  ;  S.  E.  and  S.  by  the 
Mediterranean,  the  straits  of  Gibraltar,  and  the 
Atlantic  ;  and  W.  by  Portugal  and  the  Atlantic. 
Its  greatest  extent  from  N.  to  S.  is  460  miles ; 
from  E.  to  W.  in  the  northern  part,  about  520.  It 
is  at  present  divided  into  fourteen  provinces,  Na- 
varre, Biscay,  and  Asturias  to  the  N.  ;  to  the  W. 
are  Galicia  and  Estremadura  ;  to  the  S.  Upper 
and  Lower  Andalusia ;  to  the  E.  Valencia,  Ara- 
gon,  and  Catalonia  ;  and  in  the  middle,  Leon  and 
Old  and  New  Castile.  Area,  148,000  sq.  miles. 
Pop.  10,400,000.  The  soil  in  many  parts  is  fer- 
tile, especially  in  the  provinces  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  produces  the  olive,  the  vine,  figs, 
lemons,  and  various  kinds  of  grain  in  abundance. 
The  northern  and  central  provinces  contain  mil- 
lions of  merino  sheep.  The  principal  manufac- 
ture is  silk.  The  exports  are  silk,  wool,  wine", 
figs,  raisins,  lemons,  &c.  The  imports  are  gold 
and  silver  from  Mexico  and  Peru,  hardware  fi-oni 
England,  and  fish  from  Newfoundland.  The  gov- 
ernment till  recently  was  an  absolute  monarchy. 
The  king  is  now  limited  by  the  cortes,  or  states 
of  the  kingdom.  The  navy  in  1808,  consisted  of 
218  sail,  of  which  42  wore  of  the  line. 

The  Spaniards  are  bigoted  Catholics.  The  in- 
quisition was  in  full  force  for  three  centuries,  but 
has  recently  been  abolished.  In  1764,  the  num- 
ber of  cathedrals  was  108 ;  monasteries  2,052, 
containing  67,777  monks;  nunneries  1,028,  con- 
taining 34,651  nuns;  colleges  312;  hospital? 
2,008.  By  a  decree  of  the  government  in  1820, 
however,  all  the  monasteries  of  the  order  of  friars. 


704 


SPA 


S  P  I 


and  of  canonical  congregations,  all  the  eonveats 
and  colleges  of  the  military  orders,  and  hospital- 
lers of  whatever  class,  were  suppressed,  and  their 
revenues  appropriated  to  the  suppoi't  of  the  pub- 
lic credit. 

Spaitla,  (an.  Sufetela,)  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  places  in  Barbary,  for 
the  extent  and  magnificence  of  its  ruins,  110  m. 
S.  W.  Tunis,  120  S.  S.  E.  Bona.  Lon.  9"  10'  E, 
Lat.  35°  10'  i\. 

Spalalro,  seaport,  Dalmalia,  on  a  peninsula; 
the  see  of  an  archbishop.  The  harbor  is  large 
and  deep,  and  well  frequented  by  foreign  vessels. 
Lon.  16"  45'  E.  Lat  43"  22'  N. 

Spalding,  t.  England,  in  Lincolnshire,  on  the 
Welland,  which  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  50  or 
60  tons  to  the  town ;  23  m.  E.  Lynn,  100  N.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  0"  7'  VV.  Lat.  52"  47'  N. 

Spaltnadori,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipe- 
lago, between  the  island  of  Scio  and  the  continent 
of  Asia.     Lon.  26"  7'  E.  Lat.  38°  36'  N. 

Spalt,  t.  Germany,  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Anspach. 
Lon.  10"  52'  E.  Lat.  49°  7'  N. 

Spandau,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
the  Havel,  at  its  union  with  the  Spree.  In  1 806, 
it  was  taken  by  the  French.  1 1  m.  N.  E.  Pots- 
dam, 8  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  11'  E,  Lat.  52°33'N. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Spangenbergy  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  17  m.  S.  E.  Cas- 
sel,  17  E.  Fitzlar.  Lon.  9°  36'  E.  Lat.  51°  8'  N. 
Pop.  1,200. 

Spanish  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.     Lon.  60"  10' W.   Lat.  46°  15' N. 

Spanish  groves,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Spanish  Main,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
which  washes  the  N.  part  of  South  America, 
from  the  Leeward  islands  to  the  isthmus  of  Da- 
rien.     The  term  is  also  applied  to  the  coast. 

Spanish  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent.  Lon.  61°  12'  W.  Lat.  13° 
24' N. 

Spanish  Town,  or  St.  Jago  de  la  Vega,  seaport 
of  Jamaica,  capital  of  the  island,  on  the  river  Co- 
bre,  6  m.  from  the  sea.  Lon.  76"  44'  W,  Lat.  18° 
1'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Spark^s  island,  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Hondu- 
ras, at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Roman.  Lon.  86° 
5'  W.  Lat.  15"  54'  N. 

Sparta,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  S.  W.  Ca- 
nandaigua.     Pop.  1,397. 

Sparta,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Sparta,  p-t.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  25  m.  N. 
E.  Milledgeville,  64  S.  W.  Augusta.  Pop.  314. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  Methodist 
church,  and  2  academies. 

Sparta,  p-t.  and  cap.  White  co.  West  Tennessee. 

Spartanburg,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  14,259,  in- 
cluding 2,391  slaves. 

Spartanburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Spartanburg  dis- 
trict, S.  C.  35  m.  N.  E.  Greenville. 

Spartavento  Cape,  Italy,  at  the  S.  E.  extremity 
of  Calabria  Ultra.    Lon.  16°  48'  E.  Lat.  37°  57'  N. 

Spartel,  Cape,  (an.  Ampelusia,')  Africa,  the  S. 
oape  at  the  entrance  of  the  straits  of  Gibraltar. 
Lon.  5°  57'  W.  Lat.  35"  46'  N. 

Spask,  t.  Russia,  in  Kazan,  on  the  Volga,  40  m. 
S.  Kazan.     Lon.  49"  14'  E.  Lat.  55"  N. 

Spask,  t.  Russia,  in  Tambov,  92  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Tambov.    Lon.  42"  58'  E.  Lat.  54°  2'  N. 

Spask,  t.  Russia,  in  Riazan,  on  the  Oka,  32  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Riazan.     Lon.  39"  50'  E.    Lat.  54°  32'  N. 

Spaskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Kolivan.  Lon.  86°  14'  E. 
Lat.  55°  38'  N. 


Spean,  r.  Scotland,  which  forms  a  communica- 
tion between  Loch  Laggan  and  Loch  Lochy. 

Specia,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Napoli.  Lon.  23"  23'  E. 
Lat.  37°  15'  N. 

Speckfeld,  t.  Germany,  26  m.  S.  W.  Bamberg, 
18  E.  Wurzburg. 

Speckhaven,  harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of  West 
Greenland.    Lon.  49°  40'  W.  Lat.  64"  N. 

Speedsville,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

Speedwell  nulls,  p-v.  Barnwell  district,  S.  C. 

Speicher,  v.  Switzerland,  in  Appenzell,  8  m.  N. 
W.  Appenzell. 

Speigletown,  v.  in  Schaghticoke,  N.  Y. 

Speight's  Town,  seaport,  Barbadoes,  on  the  W. 
coast,  near  the  N.  part  of  the  island,  Ibrmerly 
much  frequented;  but  most  of  the  trade  is  now 
removed  to  Bridge  Town.  Lon.  58°  31'  W.  Lat. 
13"  15'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Spello,  t.  Popedom,  anciently  Hispellum,  and 
Colonia  Julia  Hispella,  10  m.  S.  W.  Nocera. 

Spencer,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  12  m  W.  Wor- 
cester, 51  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,453. 

Spencer,  p-t.  and  cap.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  S. 
E.  Bath,  45  W.  Chenango,  190  W.  by  S.  Albany. 
Pop.  3,128. 

Spencer,  co.  Indiana. 

Spencer,  t.  Pike  co.  Missouri. 

Spencertmm.,  p-t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 

Spene,  or  Speenham  Land,  t.  England,  in  Berk- 
shire, a  suburb  of  Newbury,  to  which  it  is  joined. 

Spey,  r.  Scotland,  which  rises  in  the  loch  of  that 
name,  and  runs  into  the  North  sea,  in  the  frith  of 
Murrav,  3  m.  N.  W.  Fochabers,  in  lon.  2°  59'  W. 
lat.  57°  40' N. 

Speymouth,  t.  Scotland,  in  Murray,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Spey,  3  m.  from  the  frith  of  Murray, 
8  E.  Elgin. 

Spezza,  or  Spetia,  seaport,  Sardinian  states,  on 
a  gull  of  the  Mediterranean,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  33  m.  S.  E.  Genoa,  35  N.  N.  W.  Pisa.  Lon. 
9"  40'  E.  Lat.  44°  9'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Spicheroeg,  small  isl.  in  the  German  sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Friesland.  Lon.  7°  32'  E.  Lat.  52" 
43' S. 

Spiegelberg,  t.  Hanover,  21  m.  S.  W.  Hanover, 
10  E.  Hameln. 

Spielberg,  t.  Germany,  13  m.  S.  S.  E.  Anspach. 
Lon.  10°  13'  E.  Lat.  49"  3'  N. 

Spiets,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  25  m.  S.  S.  E.  Berne, 
27  S.  E.  Friburg.     Lon.  7°  33'  E.  Lat.  46°  41'  N. 

Spilsby,  t.  Ecgland,  in  Lincoln,  17  m.  N.  Bos- 
ton, 132  N.  London.     Lon.  0°  5'  E.  Lat.  53°  10'  N. 

Spinalonga,  seaport,  of  Candia,  with  a  good 
harbor,  30  m.  E.  Candia.  Lon.  25°  42'  E.  Lat. 
35°  13'  N. 

Spire,  city.  Bavarian  circle  of  the  Rhine,  on  the 
Spirebach,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine,  about  500 
paces  below.  It  contains  a  cathedral,  3  collegiate 
churches,  and  several  convents,  besides  two  Lu- 
theran churches.  12  m.  S.  W.  Heidelberg,  50  N. 
N.  E.  Strasburg.  Lon.  8"  30'  E.  Lat.  49°  18'  N. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Spiritu  Santo,  or  Espiritu  Santo,  seaport  of 
Brazil,  in  the  government  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the 
S.  side  of  a  large  bay,  about  3  leagues  from  the 
ocean.     Lat.  20"  8'  S. 

Spiritu  Santo,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  tlie 
Pacific  ocean,  in  lon.  106"  40'  W.  lat.  23°  N. 

Spiritu  Santo  Bay,  called  also  Tampa y  Bay,  and 
Hillsborough  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  W,  coast  of 
Florida.     Lon.  82"  45'  W.  Lat.  28"  N. 

Spiritu  Santo  Islands,  or  ^ndron,  inlands  to  the 


S  P  R 


S  P  R 


705 


S.  W.  of  the  Bahamas ;  the  largest  about  40  miles 
long  and  8  broad.  Lon.  77°  to  78"  15'  W.  Lat. 
24"  to  25"  12'  N. 

Spithead,  a  road  for  the  navy  of  England,  be- 
tween Portsmouth  and  the  isle  of  Wight. 

Spitzbergen,  or  East  Greeiiland,  isl.  in  the  Fro- 
zen sea.  The  sun  never  sets  for  three  months, 
June,  July,  and  August ;  for  the  rest  of  the  year 
it  is  hardly  seen,  light  being  chiefly  produced  by 
the  Aurora  Borealis.  On  the  coasts  are  found 
whales,  sea-dogs,  sea-cows,  and  sea-lions,  with 
other  marine  and  amphibious  animals.  It  is  unin- 
habited, but  the  coasts  are  frequented  for  the  pur- 
pose of  catching  whales.  Lon.  6"  to  16"  E.  Lat. 
76°  30'  to  79"  40'  JNf. 

Splitrock,  p-v.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  See  Essex,  N.  Y. 

Spoleto,  city  of  the  Popedom,  and  capital  of 
Umbria,  or  the  duchy  of  Spoleto,  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, and  contains  22  churches,  21  convents,  and  17 
hermitages.  Here  are  several  ruins,  the  chief  of 
which  are  a  triumphal  arch,  an  aqueduct,  and  au 
amphitheatre.  90  m.  S.  Florence,  53  N.  Rome. 
Lon.  12°  48'  E.  Lat.  42°  45'  N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Spoleto,  Duchy  of,  a  province  of  the  Popedom, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Perugiano  and  the  duchy  of 
Urbino,  E.  by  the  marquisate  of  Ancona,  S.  by 
Abruzzo  Ultra  and  the  Sabina,  and  VV.  by  the  Or- 
vietan  and  Patrimonio.  It  was  anciently  called 
Umbria. 

Sponheim,  t.  Germany,  27  m.  W.  Mentz,  46  E. 
Treves.     Lon.  7°  40'  E.  Lat.  49°  54'  N. 

Sponheim,  or  SpanJieim,  formerly  a  county  of 
Germany,  between  the  Rhine  and  the  Moselle. 
The  principal  towns  were  Cruetznach,  Sponheim, 
and  "Traarbach. 

Spoon,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Illinois 
from  the  N.  W.  130  miles  above  its  mouth.  It  is 
navigable  for  small  craft  150  miles. 

Sparling's  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
New  Zealand,  N.  E.  of  Gable  End  Foreland. 

Sporlivoi,  Js'os,  cape,  Russia,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Nova  Zembla.     Lon.  60°  34'  E.  Lat.  70°  30'  N. 

Spotico,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  6  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Paros.     Lon.  25°  12'  E.    Lat.  36"  59'  N. 

Spotland,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  1  m.  N. 
Rochdale. 

Spolswood,  V.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  near  the  W. 
side  of  South  river,  which  runs  into  the  Raritan. 
It  is  well  situated  for  manufactures,  and  contains 
a  powder-mill  and  2  snuff-mills.  9  m.  S.  E.  Bruns- 
wick, 10  W.  by  S.  Middletown  point. 

Spotsylvania,  co.  Va.  inclosed  by  the  Rappa- 
hannock, and  the  counties  of  Caroline,  Hanover, 
Louisa,  and  Orange.  Pop.  13,296,  including 
7,135  slaves.     At  the  court-house  is  a  post-oSice. 

Spotted  Island,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  55°  20'  W.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. 

Spotted  tavern,  p-v.  Stafford  co.  Va. 

Spread  Eagle,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

Spree,  f>r  Sprehe,  r.  which  rises  on  the  frontiers  of 
Bohemfla,  and  after  passing  by  Berlin,  joins  the 
Havel  at  Spandau. 

Sprcmberg,  or  Sprehemherg,  or  Grodk,  t.  Prussian 
states,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  29  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Guben,  42  N.  N.  E.  Dresden.  Lon.  14°  25'  E. 
Lat.  51"  32' N.     Pop.  2,100. 

Spremont,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  13  m.  S.  E. 
Liege,  5  N.  W.  Spa. 

Sprigg,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,664. 

Spring,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,550. 

Spring,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the  west 
side  of  the  Big  Black,  a  branch  of  White  river. 

Spring  creek,  r.  Vigo  co.  Illinois,  which  runs  into 

89 


the  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  above  Fort  Harrison. 

Springe,  or  Hallerspringe,  t.  Hanover,  iu  Ca- 
lenberg,  12  m.  E.  Hameln.     Pop.  1,300. 

Springfield,  t.  Kings  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
Belleisle  bay. 

Springjield,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  29  m.  N.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  814. 

Springjield,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  13  m.  below  Windsor.     Pop.  2,556. 

Springfield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Hampden  co.  Mass. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  18  m.  S. 
Northampton,  24  N.  Hartford,  47  W.  S.  W.  Wor- 
cester, 87  W.  Boston.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,970.  It  ia 
a  beautiful  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  bank,  the  principal  armory  of 
the  United  States,  and  2  Congregational  church- 
es,  with  many  spacious  and  elegant  private  hous- 
es. A  flourishing  inland  trade  is  carried  on,  and 
here  are  several  manufacturing  establishments, 
among  which  are  an  extensive  manufactory 
of  paper  of  a  very  superior  quality,  and  a  large 
establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  hollow  ware. 
There  is  a  bridge  over  the  Connecticut,  at  this 
place,  1,234  feet  long,  and  30  feet  broad.  It  was 
partly  carried  away  in  1818,  by  a  freshet,  but  has 
since  been  rebuilt. 

The  situation  of  the  armory  is  remarkably 
pleasant  and  healthy,  being  a  perfectly  level 
elevated  plat,  situated  about  half  a  mile  east 
of  the  village.  The  buildings  are  arranged  on 
a  huge  square,  and  consist  of  one  brick  edifice 
204  feet  by  32,  2  stories  high,  occupied  by  lock 
filers,  stockers,  and  finishers ;  a  brick  forging  shop, 
150  feet  by  32 ;  a  brick  building  60  feet  by  32, 

2  stories  high,  the  second  story  forming  a  large 
and  spacious  hall  devoted  to  religious  worship ;  a 
brick  building  100  feet  by  40,  and  2  stories  high, 
used  as  a  depository  of  arms  ;  and  numerous 
smaller  stores  and  shops,  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  establishment. 

The  water  works  are  situated  on  Mill  river, 
about  1  mile  south  of  the  arsenal,  in  3  different 
sites,  called  the  Upper,  Middle,  and  Lower  Water 
shops,  the  whole  comprising  5  workshops,  28  for- 
ges, 10  trip-hammers,  18  water-wheels,  9  coal- 
houses,  3  stores,  and  5  dwelling-houses,  and  ex- 
hibiting the  greatest  assemblage  of  mills,  and 
other  water- works,  to  be  found  in  the  State. 

In  this  establishment  are  employed  from  240  to 
250  workmen,  who  complete,  on  an  average, 
about  45  muskets  daily,  and  the  number  may  be 
increased  to  almost  any  extent.  The  water  priv- 
ileges already  owned  by  the  United  States  will 
warrant  the  extension  to  30,000  stands  annually. 
From  1795  to  December  1817,  there  had  been 
completed  in  this  manufactory,  128,559  new  mus- 
kets, and  1,202  new  carbines,  and  45,790  muskets 
had  been  repaired.  The  wliole  expenditure  du- 
ring the  snme  period,  including  the  first  cost  of 
the  establishment,  was  $1,820,120. 

Springfield,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  N.  Coop- 
erstown,  58  W.  Albany.    Pop.  1,846.     It  contains 

3  churches,  1  each  for  Presbyterians,  Congrega- 
tionalists,  and  Baptists. 

Springfield,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  10  m.  from 
Burlington,  18  from  Trenton.  Pop.  1,500.  It 
contains  3  meeting-houses  for  Quakers,  and  an 
academy. 

Springfield,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  15  m.  S.  W. 
New  York.     Pop.  2,360. 

Springfield,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,287. 

Sprins field,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.     Pop.  541. 

Springfield,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Fa.     Pop.  751. 


im 


s  Q  u 


Springjield,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa,    Pop.  813. 

Springjield,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  N.  of  Ger- 
mantown.     Pop.  550. 

Springjield,  p-v,  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on  the  S. 
branch  of  the  Potomac,  10  m.  N.  E.  Romney,  60 
W.  N.  W.  Wmchester. 

Springjield,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Springjield,  t.  and  cap.  Effingham  co.  Geo. 

Springjield,  t.  St.  Helena  parish,  Louisiana,  30 
m.N.  WTMadisonviUe. 

Springjield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Robeson  co.  West 
Tennessee,  on  Sulphur  fork,  25  m.  N.  Nashville. 
Pop.  200. 

Springjield,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Ken.  30  m.  N. 
W.  Danville.  Pop.  249.  Here  is  a  bank.  Two 
miles  from  Springfield,  is  a  college  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Catholics.  The  college  building 
is  of  brick,  2  stories  high. 

Springjield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clark  co.  Ohio,  13  m. 
S.  Urbanna.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,695. 

Springjield,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Springjield,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  W.  Gal- 
lipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  300. 

Springjield,  p-t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  N. 
Cincinnati. 

Springjield,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  W. 
Steuben  ville. 

Springjield,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 

Springfield,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  S.  W. 
Ravenna.     Pop.  in  1815,  400. 

Springjield.     See  Putnam,  Ohio. 

Springjield,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Springjield,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  op- 
posite Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,353. 

Springhill,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Monongahela,  16  m.  S.  W.  Union.  Pop. 
1,837. 

Springhill,  p-v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

Springhill,  p-v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

Springhill,  t.  Clarke  co.  Indiana.     Pop.  1,114. 

Springplace,  Moravian  settlement  among  the 
Cherokees,  35  m.  S.  E.  Brainerd,  129  N.  W.  Ath- 
ens,  Geo. 

Springtoum,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Springville,  p-v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

Springvilk,  t.  Clarke  co.  Indiana.     Pop.  1 ,222. 

Springwaier,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

Sprod,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt,  8 
m.  N.  W.  Corsoer.    Lon.  10°  59'  E.  Lat.  55°  22'  xV. 

Sprottau,  t.  Silesia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
at  its  conflux  with  the  Bober,  21  m.  W.  S.  W.  Glo- 
gau,  9  E.  S.  E.  Sagan.  Lon.  15"  32'  E.  Lat.  51" 
32'  iV.     Pop.  2,600. 

Spry  Harbor,  bay  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Nova 
Scvtia.     Lon.  62°  40'  W.  Lat.  44°  42'  N. 

Spurn  Head,  cape,  England,  at  the  S.  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Yorkshire,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hum- 
hcr,  on  which  is  a  light-house.  Lon.  0°  18'  E. 
Lat.  53°  38'  N. 

Squam  Harbor,  harbor  of  Mass.  N.  E.  of  Cape 
Ann.  Lon.  70°  36'  \V.  Lat.  42°  40'  N.  See 
Gloucester. 

Squam  lake,  N.  H.  about  6  miles  long  and  5 
wide,  which  discharges  its  waters  through  Squam 
river,  into  Pemigewasset  river. 

Square  Handkerchief,  cluster  of  islets  and  rocks 
in  the  Atlantic.     Lon.  69"  W.  Lat.  21"  N. 

Square  Island,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  55°  32'  W.  Lat.  52° 54'  N. 

Squillacc,  seaport,  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra, 
near  a  gulf  of  the  Mediterranean,  to  which  it 
gives  name ;  th^  see  of  a  bishop  ;  33  m.  S.  S.  E. 


S  T  A 

Cosenza,  49  S.  Rossano.    Lon.  16°  44'  E,  Lat.  38' 
48'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Srednei,  isl.  in  the  Frozen  ocean.  Lon.  between 
154°  and  155°  E.  Lat.  72"  50'  N. 

Staaten  Land.     See  J^ew  Zealand. 

Staatsburg,  p-v.  Duchess  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  N. 
Poughkeepsie. 

Stablo,  or  Stavelo,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  river 
Rechte,  with  considerable  trade  in  cloth  and 
stuffs,  and  particularly  in  tanning  leather,  20  m. 
S.  Aix  la  Chapelle,  7  E.  S.  E.  Spa.     Pop.  9,741. 

Stackpole  Head,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Wales. 
Lon.  4"  57'  W.  Lat.  61°  42'  N. 

Stacks  of  Burgh,  rocks  near  the  E.  coast  of 
Scotland,  1  m.  W.  Duncansby  Head.  Lon.  2"  57' 
W.  Lat.  58°  23' N. 

Stacks  of  Duncansby,  rocks  in  the  North  sea, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland.  Lon.  2°  57'  W. 
Lat.  58°  36'  N. 

Stade,  t.  of  the  duchy  of  Bremen,  with  a  strong 
fort,  on  a  small  river,  about  a  mile  from  the  Elbe, 
formerly  the  capital  of  a  county,  and  resideaca  of 
the  counts,  34  m.  W.  Hamburg,  42  N.  N.  E.  Bre- 
men.   Lon.  9°  21'  E.  Lat.  53°  42'  N.    Pop.  6,200. 

Staden,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Nidda, 
10  m.  N.  Francfort  on  the  Main. 

Staden,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  N.  E.  Francfort  on 
the  Main,  14  m.  N.  Hanau. 

Stadt  Loen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  23 
m.  W.  Munster.     Lon.  6°  54'  E.  Lat.  52°  6'  N. 

Stadt-am-Hof,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Regen,  on  the 
Danube,  opposite  Ratisbon,  to  which  it  is  joined 
by  a  bridge.     Pop.  1,643. 

Sladlberg,  or  Marsbcrg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in 
Westphalia,  on  the  Dimel,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Brilon, 
20  S.  Faderborn.     Pop.  2,300. 

Stadtkagen,  t.  Germany,  in  tlie  principality  of 
Schauenburg-Lippe.  It  contains  a  palace  of  the 
prince  of  Schauenburg-Lippe.  8  m.  E.  Mindeu. 
Lon.  9°  20'  E,  Lat.  52"  18'  N.     Pop.  1,550. 

Stadtland,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway, 
Lon.  5°  50'  E.  Lat.  62"  10'  N. 

Stadt  Sleinach,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Maine,  7 
m.  N.E.Culmbach.     Pop.  1,123. 

Sfaebroeck.     See  Georgetmcn,  Guiana. 

Stafarda,  t.  and  abbey.  Piedmont,  3  m.  N.  Sa- 
luzzo. 

Slaffa,  one  of  the  smaller  Hebrides,  or  Western 
islands  of  Scotland,  celebrated  for  its  stupendous 
basaltic  columns,  6  m.  W.  Mull.  Lon.  6°  19'  W. 
Lat.  56°  27' N. 

Staffelstein,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Main,  on  the 
Lauter,  16  m,  N.  N.  E.  Bamberg,  4  S.  W.  Lich- 
tenfels.     Lou.  1 1°  3'  E.  Lat.  50°  8'  N.   Pop.  1,218. 

Staffora,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Po,  8  ra. 
W.S.  W.  Pavia. 

Stafford,  t.  England,  in  Staffordshire.  It  is  the 
county  town,  and  contains  2  churches,  and  a 
county  infirmary.  It  is  on  the  river  Sow,  near  a 
navigable  canal,  which  extends  through  several 
counties.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliamwit.  17 
m.  N.  E.  Litchfield,  135  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2° 
8'  W.  Lat.  52°  48'  N.     Pop.  4,898. 

Staffordshire,  county,  England,  bounded  N.  E. 
by  Derbyshire,  E.  by  Leicestershire,  S.  E.  by 
Warwickshire,  S.  by  Worcestershire,  W.  by 
Shropshire,  and  N.  W.  by  Cheshire.  The  mines 
of  Staffordshire  are  rich  and  extensive :  thjsc  oi 
coal  are  supposed  to  occupy  a  space  of  50,000 
acres ;  iron  ore  also  is  found  in  large  quantities. 
Pop.  295,158. 
Stafford,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt. 
Stafford,  p-t,  Tolland  co.  Conn.  26  m.  N.  £. 


S  T  A 


S  T  A 


707 


Hartford,  74  W.  S.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  2,355.  It 
has  5  religious  societies,  2  of  Congregationalists, 
i  of  Baptists,  1  of  Methodists,  and  1  of  Univer- 
salists.  The  town  is  celebrated  for  its  iron  manu- 
factures. Here  are  2  furnaces,  each  of  which 
yields  annually  about  lUO  tons  of  hollow  ware 
and  other  casting;s.  There  are  also  2  cotton  fac- 
tories, and  a  manufactory  of  clocks.  The  mine- 
ral springs  in  this  place  are  found  useful  in  the 
dropsy,  gout,  rheumatism,  piles,  ulcers,  scorbu- 
tic, scrofulous,  and  cancerous  complaints.  The 
accommodations  for  visitors  are  convenient  and 
extensive,  and  it  is  estimated  that  from  600  to  900 
persons  annually  resort  hither. 

Stafford,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  1,239. 
Stafford,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Prince  William 
CO.  E.  by  the  Potomac  and  Prince  George  co.  S. 
by  the  Rappahannock,  and  W.  by  Culpeper  and 
Faquier  counties.  Pop.  9,830,  including  4,195 
slaves.  Chief  town,  Falmouth.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-office. 

Staffurth,  t.  Germany,  21  m.  S.  S.  W.  Magde- 
burg. 

Stags,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  at  the 
entrance  into  Cork  harbor.  Lon.  8°  15'  W.  Lat. 
Sl°  48'  N. 

Stngno,  seaport  on  the  Adriatic,  30  m.  N.  W. 
Ragusa.  Lon.  17"  59'  E.  Lat.  43"  30'  N. 
StagviUe,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 
Slain,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube.  It  lies 
near  Crems,  and  is  governed  by  the  same  magis- 
trates. 3^1  m.  E.  S.  E.  Weitra,  32  W.  N.  W.  Vi- 
enna.    Pop.  including  Crems,  3,563. 

Staindrop,  t.  England,  in  Durham,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Darlington,  243  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  51'  W.  Lat. 
64°  41'  N. 

Stainland,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  Hal- 
ifax. 

Stalbridge,  t.  England,  in  Dorset,  10  m.  E. 
Sherborn,  111  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  31'  W. 
Lat.  50°  38' N. 

Slalimene.     See  Lemnos. 

Stalluponen,  or  Stallupehonen,  t.  Prussian  states, 
33  m.  S.  E.  Tilsit,  80  E.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  22° 
68'  E.  Lat.  54°  33'  N. 

Stalowitz,  t.  Russia,  in  Minsk,  10  m.  from  Pinsk. 
Stamford,  t.  England,  in  Lincoln  co.  on  the 
Welland,  which  is  navigable  for  barges.  Here 
subsists  the  custom  of  Borough  English,  by  which 
the  younger  sons  inherit  the  lands  and  tenements 
of  the  father  dying  intestate.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  Pop.  4,022.  40  m.  S.  Lin- 
coln, 96  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  27'  W.  Lat.  52° 
40' N. 

Stamford,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  9  m.  S.  E.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  378. 

Stamford,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long  Island 
sound,  42  m.  S.  W.  Nev/  Haven,  43  N.  E.  New 
York.  Pop.  4,440.  It  has  a  harbor  with  8  feet 
water,  and  owns  some  shipping.  It  contains  7 
churches.  The  village  of  Stamford  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  Mill  river,  and  contains  about  60 
houses,  some  of  which  are  large  and  elegant. 

Stamford,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  E.  Del- 
hi, 50  W.  Catskill.  Pop.  1,658.  It  contains  2 
churches,  1  for  Scotch  Seceders,  and  1  for  Episco- 
palians, and  numerous  mills  and  manufactures. 

Stampalia,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  about 
16  miles  long  and  5  broad,  60  m.  W.  Rhode?,  90 
N.  Candia.     Lon.  26"  16'  E.  Lat.  36°  40'  N. 
Stamping  grounds,  p-v.  Scott  co.  Ken. 
Staiiardaville.,  p  -v.  Orange  co.  Va. 


Stanbridge,  t.  Bedford  co.  Lower  Canada,  S.  E 
Montreal. 

Slanchio,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  an- 
ciently Cos  or  Coos,  70  miles  in  circumference, 
and  about  12  m.  from  the  continent  of  Asia.  The 
country  is  for  the  most  part  level.  It  abounds 
With  cypress  and  turpentine  trees.  The  win6 
produced  here  was  famous  among  the  ancients  for 
a  purgative  quality.  It  has  one  considerable  town, 
with  a  harbor  defended  by  a  castle.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  Lon.  26°  56'  E.  Lat.  36"  46'  N.  Pop. 
8,000,  Greeks  and  Turks. 

Stanchio,  bay,  A.  Turkey,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
Natolia,  opposite  the  island  of  Stanchio.  Lon.  27° 
14'  E.  Lat.  36"  48'  N. 

Standia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  in  a  small 
bay  of  the  gulf  of  Saloniki,  15  m.  N.  Larissa,  56 
S.  S.  E.  Edessa. 

Standia,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  10  m. 
N.  Candia.     Lon.  25°  9'  E.  Lat.  35°  26'  N. 

Standia,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  W. 
coast.     Lon.  27"  18'  E.  Lat.  36°  54'  N. 

Standish,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  on  Saco 
river,  21  m.  N.  W.  Portland. 

Standon,  or  Standlow,  t.  England,  in  Herts,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Hertford,  26  N.  London. 

Slants,  or  Staiyies,  t.  England,  in  Middlesex,  on 
the  Thames,  on  the  borders  of  Surrey,  6  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Windsor,  17  W.  London.  Lon.  0°25'  W.  Lat. 
51"  28'  N.     Pop.  1,7.50. 

Stanfalin.     See  Stampalia. 
Stanfold,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  30 
m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Stmifird,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  N.  E. 
Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  2,335.  It  contains  3  church- 
es, 1  each  for  Quakers,  Baptists,  and  Methodists. 
Stanford,  p-t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  on  a 
handsome  plain,  10  m.  S.  S.  E.  Danville.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about  100  houses. 
Stangskar,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Finland. 
Lon.  26°  15'  E.  Lat.  59"  45'  N. 

Stanhope,  t.  England,  in  Durham,  17  m.  W. 
Durham,  264  N.  London.  Lon.  1"  58'  W^.  Lat. 
54°  50'  N. 

Sfanisiow,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  66  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Lemberg,  150  N.  W.  Jassy. 

Sta7iley,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  2  m.  N. 
Wakefield. 

Stanley  St.  Leonard,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  13 
m.  S.  Gloucester,  107  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  18'  W. 
Lat.  51"  47'  N. 

Siamrardsrille,  t.  Orange  co.  Va.  23  m.  N.  by 
W.  Charlottesville,  95  N.  W.  Richmond. 

Stansjield,  t.  England,  in  Yorkshire,  9  m.  W. 
Halifax. 

Stnnstead,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  E.  side  of  lake  Memphramagog,  S.  E.  of  Mon- 
treal.    Pop.  2,500. 

Stanton,  t.  England,  in  Lincoln,  17  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Lincoln,  146  N.  London. 

Stantonsburg,  p-v.  Newcombe  co.  N.  C. 
Stantz,  t.  Switz.  in  Unterwalden,  on  the  Lake 
of  Lucerne,  8  m,  S.  E.  Lucern,   42  E.  Berne. 
Lon.  8"  10'  E.  Lat.  46"  51'  E. 

Stapodia,  or  the  Brothers,  2  islets  in  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  6  m.  E.  Mycone.  Lon.  36°  42' 
E.  Lat.  37"  32'  N. 

Stara  Rusa,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  near  Lake 
llmen,  56  m.  S.  Novgorod.  Lon.  31°  50'  E.  Lat. 
57"  40'  N. 

Stargard,  or  Slarogard,  t.  Prussian  States,  on 
the  Fers,  20  m.  S.  Dantzig,  32  N.  Culm.  Lon.  18° 
20'  E.  Lat.  53"  57'  N.    Fop.  2,778. 


70S 


S  T  A 


Stargard,  or  Old  Stargard,  t.  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Mecklenbut^-Strelitz,  55  m.  S.  E.  Gus- 
tro,  63  S.  Strdlsund.  Lon,  13"  17'  E.  Lat.  53°  30' 
N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Stargard^  or  J^ew  Stargard,  t.  Prussian  States, 
in  Pomerania,  on  the  Inna,  by  which  it  has  a  free 
communication  with  the  Baltic.  It  is  large  and 
well  built.  Near  the  town  is  a  noble  college, 
founded  in  1631.  74  m.  N.  E.  Berlin,  44  N.  Cus- 
trin.     Lon.  15°  20'  E.  Lat.  53"  28'  N.     Pop.  7,200. 

Starikilia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Uobruzza,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Danube,  6  m.  E.  Ismail. 

Starifiza,  t.  Russia,  in  Tver,  on  the  Volga,  44 
m.  S.  W.  Tver.     Lon.  35°  14'  E.  Lat.  56°  24'  N. 

Stark,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  W.  side  of  Columbiana 
county.  Pop.  in  1815,  0,625;  in  1819,  10,180. 
Chief  town,  Canton. 

Slarks,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the  Kenne- 
beck,  7  m.  W.  Norridgewock. 

Slarksborough,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  28  m.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  726. 

Starodub,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod  Sicverskoe,  44 
m.  N.  Novgorod  Sicverskoe,  Lon.  33"  44'  E.  Lat. 
52"  35'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Starr,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Starr,  t.  Hocking  co.  Ohio. 

Start  Point,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  S.  coast  of  De- 
vonshire, 9  m.  S.  Dartmouth.  Lon,  3"  38'  W. 
Lat.  50°  ll'N. 

Startzova,  bay  of  the  Frozen  ocean,  on  the  coast 
of  Russia.     Lon.  40"  14'  E.  Lat.  68°  1 6'  N. 

Starregai  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica.    Lon.  77"  45'  W.  Lat.  17"  58'  N. 

Stasfurt,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxonv,  20  m.  S. 
Magdeburg,  21  E.  Halberstadt.  Lon,'  11°  45'  E. 
Lat.  51°  53'  N.     Pop,  1,600. 

Stasida,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  8  m,  N. 
W,  Scarpanto.     Lon.  26°  44'  E.  Lat.  35°  53'  N. 

Slaten  Island,  isl.  N.  Y.  constituting  the  county 
of  Richmond.  It  is  14  miles  lotig,  8  wide,  and  lies 
9  m.  S.  W.  New- York  city.  It  is  separated  from 
Long  Island  by  the  Narrows,  and  from  the  Jer- 
sey shore  by  a  nsurrow  strait  called  Staten  Island 
Sound.  Pop.  5,347.  The  Quarantine  Ground 
for  vessels  entering  the  port  of  New-York  is  on 
this  island. 

Staten  Land,  island  at  the  extremity  of  S, 
America,  about  36  miles  long  and  15  broad,  sepa- 
rated from  Terra  del  Fuego  by  the  Strait  of  Le 
Maire.  It  is  barren  and  desolate,  composed  of  in- 
accessible rocks,  without  the  least  mixture  of  earth 
or  mould  between  them.  Lon.  65°  W,  Lat,  54° 
40' S. 

Statesborough,  t,  and  cap.  Bulloch  co,  Geo, 

Statesburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Claremont  co.  S.  C.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Beach  creek,  a  tributary  of  the  VV^a- 
teree.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  30 
houses.    30  m.  S.  Camden. 

Statesville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Tredell  co.  N.  C.  It 
contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  an  academy,  a 
church,  and  about  50  houses.  24  m.  S.  W.  Salis- 
bury. 

States  of  the  Church,  or  Popedom,  the  name  giv- 
en to  the  dominions  of  the  Pope,  in  Italy,  bounded 
N.  by  Austrian  Italy,  E.  by  the  Adriatic  and  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  S.  by  the  Mediterrane- 
an, and  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  Tuscany,  and 
Modena.  They  are  composed  of  several  states  or 
provinces,  viz.  the  Bolognese,  duchy  of  Ferrara, 
Romanga,  duchy  of  Urbino,  Marquisate  of  Anco- 
na,  county  of  Castello,  territory  of  Perrugia,  the 
Orvietan,  duchy  of  Spoleto  or  Umbria,  Sabina, 
duchy  of  Castro,  Patrimouio  or  Patrimony  of  St. 


S  T  E 

Peter,  and  Campania  or  Campagna  di  Roma.  Ex- 
tent, 14,500  square  miles.  Pop.  2,346,000.  'Over 
this  country  the  Pope  is  the  temporal  as  well  as 
the  ecclesiastical  prince.  The  ecclesiastical 
power  is  claimed  by  the  popes,  as  successors  of  St. 
Peter  over  all  the  Christian  churches,  and  is  ac- 
knowledged by  all  Roman  Catholic  states  ;  but 
this  submission  is  different  in  different  countries. 
The  temporal  power  has  risen  from  the  grants  of 
successive  emperors  of  Rome  and  German}',  as 
likewise  from  other  princes.  He  is  elected  by  the 
cardinals  from  among  themselves.  The  cardinals 
are  the  pope's  council,  and  his  ministers,  the  chiefs 
of  the  tribunals,  and  the  princes  of  the  church. 
The  court  of  Rome  is  numerous  and  brilliant ; 
the  principal  offices  are  occupied  by  cardinals. 
Rome  is  the  capital. 

Stavanger,  s-p.  Norway,  in  Christiansand,  on  a 
bay  of  the  North  sea,  86  m.  S.  Bergen,  85  N.  W. 
Christiansand.     Lon.  5"  44'  E.  Lat.  58"  56'  N. 

Stavenhagen,t.  Mecklenburg,  24  m.  E.  Gustrow, 
16  N.  W.  New  Brandenburg.  Lon,  12°  34'  E. 
Lat.  53"  40' N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Staveren,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  It  was 
anciently  a  very  rich,  powerful,  and  populous 
city,  with  the  best  harbour  in  that  country,  but  it 
is  now  reduced  very  much,  the  harbour  being 
choked  up.  40  m.  N.  Amsterdam,  75  W,  S.  W. 
Emden.     Lon.  5"  16'  E.  Lat.  52"  56'  N, 

Starem,  or  Fredericksrom,  t.  Norway,  in  Agger- 
huus,  3  m.  S.  Laurvig. 

Staunton,  r.  Virginia,  one  of  the  principal 
branches  of  the  Roanoke.  It  rises  on  the  west  side 
ftf  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  here  has  the  name  of  Roan- 
oke, but  after  its  passage  through  the  Ridge,  it 
takes  the  name  of  the  Staunton,  whichit  preserves 
till  its  confluence  with  the  Dan,  near  the  southern 
boundary  of  Virginia,  where  it  resumes  the  name 
of  Roanoke.  It  is  navigable  for  some  distance  for 
boats  of  5  tons. 

Staunton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Augusta  co.  Virginia,  95 
m.  S.  W.  Winchester,  183  VV.  S.  W.  Washington, 
120  N.  W.  Richmond.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  academy,  3  churches,  and  about  1,500  inhab- 
itants. 

Staunton,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river, 
1  m.  E-  Troy. 

Stauntoii's  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of 
China.     Lon.  122"  13'  E.  Lat.  35°  47'  N. 

Stavres  Hoved,  cape,  Denmark,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Fyen,  Lon.  10°  46'  E.  Lat.  55° 
29' N. 

Stavropol,  t.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  on  the  Volga, 
44  m.  S.  S.  E.  Simbirsk.  Lon.  48°  58'  E,  Lat  53° 
44 'N. 

Stavropol,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  Volga, 
88  m.  W.  N.  W,  Ekaterinograd.  Lon.  41°  50'  E, 
Lat.  44°  56'  N. 

StatYos,  or  Stauros,  (an.  Sfagira,)  t.  Eu.  Tur- 
key, in  Macedonia,  on  the  gulf  of  Contesa,  46  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Saloniki. 

Steadmansville,  p-t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

Steckenits,  r.  which  rises  in  the  territory  of  Lu- 
beck,  and  runs  into  the  Elbe  at  Lauenburg. 

Steege,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  island  of  Moen,  38 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Copenhagen.  Lon.  15"  20'  E.  Lat.  55° 
3'  N. 

Steel  Point,  cape  on  the  cosistof  Labrador.  Lon. 
62°W\Lat.58"40'N. 

Steembergen,  t.  Brabant,  25  m.  N.  Antwerp,  5 
N.  Berg-op-Zoom.     Lon.  4"  1 1'  E.  Lat.  51"  37'  N. 

Steenkirk,  or  Steenkerque,  v,  Netherlands,  in 
Hainault,  on  the  Souneque,  where  a  bloody  battle 


S  T  E 


S  T  E 


709 


■was  fought  between  the  allies,  commanded  by 
William  III.  king  of  England,  and  the  French  un- 
der the  Duke  of  Luxemburg,  the  24th  of  July 
1692,  in  which  the  latter  were  victorious.  3  m. 
N.  W,  Braine  le  Comte,  13  x\.  Mons. 

Steenrorde,  t.  France,  in  North,  4  m.  E.  Cassel, 
low.  Ypres.     Pop.  3,182. 

Steenwi/ck,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
Aa,  55  m.  S.  W.  Emden,  41  N.  Zutphen.  Lon. 
6°  E,  Lat.  52°  48'  N. 

Steepholm,  small  isl.  in  the  Bristol  Channel, 
mid-way  between  England  and  Wales.  Lon.  3° 
7'  W.  Lat.  51"  19'  N. 

Sleep  rocks,  ledge  of  rocks  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Hudson,  extending  from  Tappan  sea,  S.  12  or  13 
miles. 

Steep  point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
107°  3' E.  Lat.  7°  32' S. 

Stein,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Drave,  2  m.  S.  Clagen- 
furt. 

Stein,  t.  and  fortress,  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  4  m. 
N.  Worms. 

Stein,  or  Kamnetz,  t.  Austria,  10  m.  N.  Lay- 
bach,  144  S.  S.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  32°  20'  E.  Lat. 
46°  22'  N. 

Stein  am  Rein,  t.  Swisgerland,  in  Zurich,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Rhine,  at  the  west  extremity  of 
Lake  Zell,  with  a  bridge  over  the  river.  10  m.  E. 
Schaffhausen,  13  W.  Constance.  Lon.  8°  50'  E. 
Lat.  47°  39'  N. 

Steinach,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  into  the  lake  of 
Constance,  2  m.  W.  Roschbach. 

Steinach,  or  Stadt  Steinach,  t.  Bavaria,  30  m.  N. 
E.  Bambersf,  15  N.  N.  W.  Bayreuth.  Lon.  11" 
37'E.Lat.  50°  11' N. 

Steinach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Neckar,  near  Niirtingen. 

Steinach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Maine,  1  m.  S.  Zeulen. 

Steinam  Anger,  or  Ssombath  Hchj,  t.  Hungary', 
48  m.  S.  Vienna,  43  S.  S.  W.  Prcsburg.  Lon.  16° 
58' E.  Lat.  47"  30' N. 

Steinau,  t.  Silesia,  on  a  small  river  near  the 
west  side  of  the  Oder,  10  m.  W.  N.  W.  Wohlau,  20 
S.  E.  Gross  Glogau.  Lon.  16"  25'  E.  Lat.  51°  22' 
N.     Pop.  2,100. 

Steinau,  or  Stzi/nawa,  t.  Silesia,  22  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Oppeln,  9  E.  Neisse.  Lon.  17°  18'  E.  Lat.  50° 
18'  N. 

Steinau,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  16  m.  S.  W.  Fulda,  23 
E.  N.  E.  Hanau.     Pop.  1,300. 

Steinbach,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  5  m.  E.  Smalkalden. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Steinbach,  t.  Baden,  5  m.  W.  S.  W.  Gerspach, 
38  W.  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1,653. 

Steinberg,  t.  Saxony,  14  m.  S.  S.  E.  Freybcrg. 

Steinea,  t.  Switz.  in  Thurgau,  4  m.  N.  E.  St. 
Gal. 

Steinfurt,  or  Burg  Steinfurt,  t.  Prussian  States, 
n  Westphalia,  on  the  Aa,  17  m.  N.  W.  Munster, 
:)  S.  Bentheim.  Lon.  7°  15'  E.  Lat.  52°  15'  N. 
Pop.  2,250. 

Steinfurt,  or  Drensteinfurt,  t.  Germany,  11m. 
3.  Munster.    Lon.  8°  32'  E.  Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Steinhausen,  t.  Switzerland,  at  the  N.  end  of 
'.he  lake  of  Zug,  2  m,  N.  W.  Zug,  13  S.  Zurich. 

Steinheid,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of 
Coburg,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Coburg. 

Steinheim,  or  Ober  Stei7ihei7n,  t.  Germany,  on 
the  Main,  2  m.  S.  Hanau,  28  E.  Mentz. 

Steinhude,  t.  Germany,  in  Schauenburg  Lippe, 
<m  the  S.  side  of  Steinhud«r  Mcer,  13  m.  N.  W. 
"Hanover. 


Steinhuder  Meer,  lake,  Germany,  6  miles  long 
and  2  broad,  12  m.  N.  W.  Hanover. 

Slei7ikurst,  t.  Holstein,  with  a  castle,  25  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Hamburg,  15  S.W.  Lubec. 

SteinkopJ^,  a  Missionary  station  of  the  London 
Society  in  South  Africa,  in  Little  Namaqualand, 
formerly  called  Byzondermeid. 

Stekboren,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
lake  of  Zell,  7  m.  W.  Constance. 

S/eZ/m6osc/i,  a  settlement  near  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  in  S.  Africa,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  lofty 
mountains.  It  is  one  of  the  stations  of  the  Lon- 
don Society.     26  m.  N.  E.  Cape-Town. 

Stenay,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  on  the  Meuse,  21 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Verdun,  15  N.  E.  Grandpre.  Lon. 
5°  16'  E.  Lat.  49°  30'  N.     Pop.  3,599. 

Stendal,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  contain- 
ing 4  churches,  with  considerable  manufactures. 
28  m.  W.  N.  W.  Brandenburg,  56  W.  Berlin. 
Lon.  12"  E.  Lat.  52"  36'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Stenosa,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago.  Lon. 
25°55'E.  Lat.  37°5'N. 

Steiiskar,  small  islands  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia.    Lon.  21"  30'  E.  Lat.  65°  12'  N. 

Stephanowse,  or  Stephanestii,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Pruth  and  the  Bas- 
zeu,  40  m.  N.  Jassy,  116  N.  W.  Bender.  Lon. 
27°  39'  E.  Lat.  47°  53'  N. 

Slephante,t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Black  Sea,  18  m.  N.  Sinob. 

Stephen's  Passage,  strait  between  Admiralty 
Island  and  the  continent  of  America,  extending 
about  70  miles  north.  Lon.  226°  35'  E.  Lat.  57" 
29'  N. 

Stephen's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about 
24  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  229°  30'  E.  Lat. 
54"11'N. 

Stephen's  Island,  isl.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Cook's 
Straits,  in  New  Zealand.  Lon.  185°  6'  W.  Lat. 
40°  36'  N. 

Stephen's  Islands,  2  small  islands,  in  the  E.  In- 
dian sea.     Lon.  138"  39'  E.  Lat.  0°  22'  S. 

Stephentown,  p-t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S. 
E.  Albany.     Pop.  2,567. 

Sterling,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  24  m.  E.  Burling- 
ton.    Pop.  122. 

Sterling,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  12  m.  N.  Wor- 
cester, 44  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,472. 

Sterling,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  44  m.  E.  Hart- 
ford.  Pop.  1,101.  Here  is  an  academy,  and 
one  of  the  largest  cotton  factories  in  the  State, 
containing  1,600  spindles. 

Sterling,  p-t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

Sterlingrille,  p-v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 

Sternberg,  t.  Moravia,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Olmutz. 
Lon.  17"  13' E.  Lat.  49°  40'  N.     Pop.  4,250. 

Slernberg,t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  24 
m.  S.  E.  Custrin,  66  E.  S.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  15°  17' 
E.  Lat.  52°  23'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Sternberg,  t.Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwe- 
rin,  on  a  lake,  16  m.  S.  E.  Wisnar.     Pop.  1,560. 

Sternen,  t.  Switz  in  Schweitz,  4  m.  N.  W. ' 
Schweitz. 

Sternstein,  t.  Bavaria,  with  a  ruined  citadel,  17 
m.  N.  Nabburg,  20  N.  E.  Amberg. 

Stert  Point,  cape,  Erig.  in  the  British  channel, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Somerset,  10  m  below  Bridge- 
water.     Lon.  3°  W.  Lat.  51°  10'  N. 

Sterzingen,  t.  Tyrol,  celebrated  for  its  manu- 
facture of  sword  blades,  10  m.  N.  W.  Brixen. 

Stettin,  (New,)  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomera- 
nia,  in  the  midst  of  lakes,  64  m.  E.  N.  E.  Stargard, 


710 


S  T  I 


S  T  O 


46  S.  E.  Colbcrg.  Lon.  16°  38'  E.  Lat.  53*  42'  N. 
Pop.  1,900. 

Stettin,  or  Old  Stettin,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Pomerania,  on  the  Oder.  It  is  large,  handsome, 
and  well  fortified,  with  several  manufactures,  and 
carries  on  a  great  trade.  14  m.  W.  N.  W.  Star- 
gard,  85  N.  N.  E.  Berlin.  Lon.  14°  44'  E.  Lat. 
53°  29'  N.     Pop.  22,000, 

Steuben,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Maine,  35  m.  W. 
Machias.     Pop.  552. 

Steuben,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Ontario  co. 
E.  by  Tompkins  and  Tioga  cos.  S.  by  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  W.  by  Alleghany  co.  Pop.  7,243.  Chief 
town,  Bath. 

Steuben,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N.  Utica. 
Pop.  1,105.  The  principal  part  of  this  town  was 
granted  to  the  Baron  Steuben  for  his  services  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  here  his  remains  are 
interred. 

Steubenville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  is 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Ohio  river,  in  the  midst  of  a 
fertile  and  populous  country,  abounding  also  with 
coal  and  iron  ore.  It  was  regularly  laid  out  in 
1798,  and  has  very  rapidly  increased.  In  1810,  it 
contained  800  inhabitants;  and  in  1817,  more 
than  2,000,  with  3  churches,  2  banks,  an  acade- 
my, a  spacious  market-house,  a  woollen  factory, 
cotton  factory,  an  air  foundery,  paper-mill,  and 
several  other  mills  and  manufactuiMng  establish- 
ments. 38  m.  W.  Pittsburg,  25  N.  E.  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  150  E.  N.  E.  Columbus.      Lat.  40°  25'  N. 

Stevenage,  t.  Eng.  in  Herts,  11  m.  N.  N.  W.. 
Hertford,  31  N.  London.     Lat.  51°  55'  N. 

Slevensburg.     See  Newtovm,  Va. 

Stevensbu  rg,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

Stevenston,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  3  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Irvine. 

Stevensville,  p-v.  King-and-Queen  co.  Va. 

Stevenswaert,  or  Fort  St.  Etienne,  fort,  Nether- 
lands, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Meuse,  30  m.  N.  Liege, 
7  S.  Ruremonde. 

Stewart,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop.  4,262,  in- 
cluding 778  slaves. 

S/ewar/'s  Islands,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Lon.  163°  18'  E.  Lat.  8"  26'  S. 

Slewartslown,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tyrone  co.  5  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Dungannon. 

Stewartstown,  or  Stewartoivn,  t.  Scotland  in 
Ayrshire,  7  ra.  N.  E.  Irvine,  14  N.  N.  E.  Ayr. 

Stewartstown,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  1 15  m.  N.  Concord.     Pop.  176. 

Steyll,  t.  Germany,  2  m.  S.  E.  Essen,  16  N,  E, 
Dusseldor.     Lon.  7°  E.  Lat.  51°  22'  N. 

Steyning,  t.  Ettg.  in  Sussex,  10  m.  N.  W,  Bright- 
helstone,  50  S.  London.  Lon.  0°  12'  W,  Lat,  50° 
54' N. 

Steyr,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  a  small  river  near 
its  conflux  with  tlie  Ens,  Avith  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  iron  and  steel,  80  m.  W,  Vienna,  44  S, 
E.  Passau.  Lon.  14°  22'  E.  Lat.  48°  17'  N.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Steyregg,  t.  Austria,  on  the  N  side  of  the  Dan- 
ube, 84  m.  W.  Vienna,  36  E.  S.  E.  Passau.  Lon. 
14°  25'  E.  Lat.  48°  17'  N. 

Stickhttuscn,  t.  and  citadel,  Hanover,  18  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Emden.    Lon.  7"  10'  E.  Lat.  63"  14'  N. 

Stigsio,  t.  Sweden,  in  Angermanland,  8  m.  W. 
Hernosand. 

Stilaro,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Squillace.    Lon.  16°  5ff  E.  Lat.  38°  21'  N. 

Stilt,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  Lon.  22° 
49  E.  Lat.  37°  26' N. 


Still  valley,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

Stillwater,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 12  m.  E.  Ballston,  22  N.  Albany.  Pop.  2,493. 
At  this  place  a  battle  was  fought,  7th  Oct.  1777, 
between  the  British,  under  Gen.  Bnrgoyne,  and 
the  Americans,  under  Gen.  Gates,  in  which  tlie 
British  were  defeated. 

Still  water,  p-v.  Sussex  co.  N.  Y. 

Still  water,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Musk- 
ingum, 8ra.  below  New  Philadelphia. 

Stilo,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Morea. 
Lon.  23"  4'  E.  Lat.  36"  55'  N. 

Stilton,  v.  Eng.  in  Huntingdon,  14  m.  S.  Stam- 
ford, 75  N.  London. 

Slinos,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  6  m.  3. 
Naxia.     Lon.  25°  33'  E.  Lat.  46°  52'  N. 

Stiria,  in  the  old  division  of  the  Austrian  em- 
pire, a  duchy,  bounded  N.  by  the  ai'chduchy  of 
Austria,  E.  by  Hungary,  S.  by  Cai-niola,  and  W. 
by  Carinthia.  In  the  modern  division,  Inner  Aus- 
tria embraces  nearly  the  same  country  that  was 
formerly  called  Styria.     See  Austria,  Inner. 

Stirli7ig,  t.  Scotland,  and  cap.  of  a  county  to 
which  it  gives  name,  on  the  right  bank  of  tlxe 
Forth,  on  an  eminence  which  terminates  in  a 
rock.  The  carpet  manufacture  flourishes,  and 
the  cotton  manufacture  also  begins  to  take  place 
here.  Stirling  castle  was  often  the  residence  of 
the  kings  of  Scotland,  Only  small  vessels  can 
come  up  to  the  town.  23  m.  N.  E.  Glasgow,  36 
N.  W.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3°  57'  W.  Lat.  56"  7'  N, 
Pop.  5,820. 

Stirlingshire,  county,  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by 
Perthshire  and  Clackmanshire,  E.  by  the  Forth 
andTcounty  of  Linlithgow,  S.  by  Dunbarton,  and 
W.  by  Loch  Lomond.  Pop.  58,174.  Chief  towns, 
Stirling  and  Falkirk. 

Stobi,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  42  m,  N, 
Edessa,  65  N.  N.  W,  Saloniki. 

Slobrcz,  s-p.  Dalmatia,  4  m.  E.  Spalatro. 

Stock,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W.  Ca- 
diz. 

Stockach,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  15  m.  N,  W. 
Constance,  15  N.  E.  SchafThausen.  Lon.  9°  1'  E. 
Lat.  47°  52'  N.     Pop.  1,153. 

Stockach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Lake  of  Constance,  5  m.  S.  E.  Stockack. 

Stockbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  15  m.  E.  Salisbu- 
ry, 67  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  27'  W,  Lat,  51° 
7'N, 

Stockbridge,  p-t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  26  m.  N.  W, 
Windsor.     Pop.  700. 

Stockbridge,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  is  a  pleas- 
ant town,  on  the  Housatonnuc,  6  m.  S.  Lenox,  12 
S.  Pittsfield,  130  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,382. 

StockdaWs  Harbour,  bay  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  in 
Prince  William's  sound,  on  the  N.  V^.  coast  of 
America.     Lon.  148°  W.  Lat.  60°  50'  N. 

Stockden's  valley,  p-v.  Cumberland  co.  Ken. 

Stockerau,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Danube,  12  m.  S.  Sonneberg.  13  N.  W.  Vi- 
enna.    Pop.  1,430. 

Stockholm,  city  and  cap.  of  Sweden,  situated  on 
seven  islands,  between  the  Baltic  and  the  Malar 
Lake.  The  harbour  is  of  sufficient  depth  to  re- 
ceive the  largest  vessels  up  to  the  quay.  At  the 
extremity  of  the  harbour  several  streets  rise  one 
above  another,  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre, 
with  the  palace,  a  magnificent  building,  at  the 
summit.  Except  in  the  suburbs,  where  are  some 
houses  of  wood,  the  buildings  for  the  most  part  are 
o^  stone,  or  of  brick  stuccoed  white,  and  most  of 
tliem  built  on  piles.     A  communication  is  formed 


S  T  O 


S  T  O 


711 


between  the  several  parts  of  Stockholm,  by  means 
of  12  bridges.  The  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences 
at  Stockholm  was  incorporated  in  1741.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  glass,  china,  woollen,  silk, 
linen,  &c.  Lon.  IT  40'  E.  Lat.  59"  20'  N.  Pop. 
75,517. 

Stockholm,  p-t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  E. 
Ogdensburg.     Po^).  307. 

Stockholm,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Stockport,  or  Slopford,  t.  Eng.  in  Chester  co.  on 
the  Mersey,  with  considerable  cotton  manufac- 
tures. 7  m.  S.  E.  Manchester,  175  N.  N.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  2°  18'  W.  Lat.  53°  28'  N.    Pop.  17,475. 

Siockstadt,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Maine,  3  m.  W. 
Aschaffenburg,  15  S.  E.  Francforton  the  Maine. 

Stockton,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Durham,  on  the  Tees, 
about  10  miles  from  the  German  sea.  It  has  a 
considerable  manufacture  of  sail-cloth.  22  m- 
S.  E.  Darham,  240  N.  London.  Lon.  1"  21'  VV. 
Lat.  54"  40'  N.     Pop.  4,229. 

Stoddard,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  29  m.  W.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  1,139. 

Sioddertuville,  or  Armstead,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Stogumber,  or  Stoke  Gomer,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset, 
12  m.  N.  W.  Taunton,  152  W.  London. 

Stoke  upon  Trent,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  154 
m.  N.  N.  W.  London. 

Stoke,  V.  Eng.  in  Nottingham,  near  the  Trent, 
5  m.  S.  Newark,  120  N.  London. 

Stoke,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lov/er  Canada,  on  St. 
Francis  river,  60  m.  S.  E.  Three-Rivers. 

Stokes,  CO.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
11,645,  including  1,746  slaves.  Chief  towns, 
Germantown  and  Salem. 

Stokes,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C.  near 
the  Yadkin.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail, 
and  about  20  houses. 

Stokes,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  267. 

Stoke'' s  Bay,  bay,  Eng.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hamp- 
shire, between  Portsmouth  Harbour  and  South- 
ampton river,  S.  of  Gosport. 

Stokesly,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  28  m.  W.  Whit- 
by, 239  N.  London.  Lon.  1"  4'  W.  Lat.  54" 
30'  N. 

Stolatz,  t.  Eu.  Tui-key,  in  Servia,  on  the  Mora- 
via, 30  m.  N.  N.  W.  Nissa. 

Stolberg,  t.  Saxouv,  in  the  circle  of  Erzgebirg,  8 
ro.  S.  W.  Dresden. "  Lon.  12°  42'  E.  Lat.  50°  40' 
N.     Pop.  1,940. 

Stolberg,  t.  E*russian  States,  in  Saxony,  cap.  of 
Fw  country  to  which  it  gives  name,  40  m.  N.  Er- 
lurt,  37  E.  Halle.  Lon.  1 T  5'  E.  Lat.  51"  29'  N. 
i'op.  300. 

Stolhovcn,  t.  Germany,  near  the  Rhine,  16  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Strasburg,  42  VV.  Stutgard.  Lou.  ii°  7' 
E.  Lat.  48"  45'  N. 

Stolpe,  r.  whi<-h  rises  in  Pomerania,  and  runs 
into  the  sea,  27  m.  W.  Dantzic. 

Stolpe,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania,  on  a 
liver  of  the  same  name,  which  here  begins  to  be 
navigable.  80  m.  N.  E.  Stargard,  65  W.  Dant- 
7ick.     Lon.  16"  43'  E.  Lat.  54"  25'  N,     Pop.  4,400. 

Stolpe,  t.  Prussian  States,  38  m.  N.  E.  Berlin. 
Lon.  14"  14'  E.  Lat  52"  58'  N. 

Stolpemunde,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania, 
en  the  coast  of  the  Baltic,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
F.tolpe,  10  m.  N.  Stolpe.  Lon.  16°  33'  E.  Lat.  54° 
^;2'  N.     Pop.  300. 

Stolpen,  t.  Saxony,  in  Meissen,  with  a  citadel. 
fl3  m.  W.  N.  W.  Zittau,  14  E.  Dresden.  Lon.  14° 
I'  E.  Lat.  51°  5'  N.     Pop.  1,080. 

Stolzenau,  t.  Hanover  in  the  county  of  Hova,  oh 
the  Weser,  8  ra.  S.  S.  VV.  Nienburg. 


Stom,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  7  m.  N.  Stafford, 
140  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  10'  W.  Lat.  52° 
54' N. 

Stone,  small  isl.  Scotland,  in  the  Frith  of  Forth, 
8  m.  S.  E.  Dumfermline. 

Stone  Arabia,  v.  in  Palestine,  N.  Y.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Mohawk,  52  m.  W.  Albany. 

Stone  fort,  p-v.  Franklin  co.  Ten. 

Stoneham,  t.  Quebec  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  N.  Quebec. 

Stoneham,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  9  m.  N.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop,  467. 

Stonehaven,  or  Stonehive,  t.  Scotland,  in  Kincar- 
dine, on  a  bay  of  the  German  ocean,  15  m.  S.  Ab- 
erdeen, 22  N.  N.  E.  Montrose.  Lon.  2"  12'  W, 
Lat  56°  55' W.     Pop.  1,110. 

Stoneham,  t.  Eng.  in  Hampshire,  4  m.  N.  South- 
ampton. 

Stonehouse,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucestershire,  2  m.  N. 
N.  VV.  Stroud. 

Stonehouse,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  1  m.  from 
Plymouth. 

Stone  lick,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  East 
fork  of  the  Little  Miami,  in  Clermont  county. 

Stone  lick,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Stone  Mountains.,  or  Rock  Mountains,  Geo.  near 
the  sources  of  the  Oakmulgee  and  the  Chatahoo- 
chee,  50  m.  S.  Hog  mountain,  150  S.  E.  Lookout 
mountain.  It  rises  from  the  plain  to  the  height  of 
900  feet,  and  is  about  10  miles  in  circumference 
at  its  base. 

Slonehenge.     See  Amcsbury,  Eng. 

Stonesborough,  p-v.  Green  co.  Ken, 

Stone's  river,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  N.  W. 
and  joins  the  Cumberland,  6  m.  N.E.  Nashville. 

Stonesville,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 

Stoney  point,  p-v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Stoney  point,  p-v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

Stonington,  p-t.  and  borough.  New  London  co. 
Conn,  in  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  State,  12  m.  E. 
New  London,  55  S.  E.  Hartford,  62  E.  New  Ha- 
ven. Pop.  3,043.  It  contains  a  public  arsenal 
belonging  to  the  U.  States,  2  woollen  factories,  a 
cotton  factory,  an  academy,  and  2  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 
Baptists.  There  are  10  or  15  vessels  employed 
from  this  town  in  the  fisheries,  and  the  amount  of 
shipping  owned  here  is  about  1,100  tons,  Ston- 
ington borough  was  incorporated  in  1801,  and  is 
situated  on  a  narrow  point  of  land  about  half  a 
mile  long  which  runs  out  into  Long  Island  sound. 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  successful  resistance  to  the 
bombardment  of  a  British  squadron  in  August 
1814.     Pop.  of  the  borough  804. 

Stono  inlet,  S.  C.  separates  James  and  John's 
islands,  and  flows  into  the  Atlantic. 

Stony  creek,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  943. 

Stony  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Mia- 
mi from  the  E.  above  Piqua. 

Stony  Mountains.     See  Rocky  Mountains. 

Storhamnen,  small  isl.  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Lon.  17°13'E.  Lat.  61°  32' N. 

Siorholmen,  small  isl.  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Lon.  17°  42'  E,  Lat.  62°  33'  N, 

Storko,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  coast  of 
Sweden.     Lon.  15°  34'  E.  Lat.  56"  5'  N. 

Storkow,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  26 
m.  VV.  S.  W.  Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  24  E.  S.  E. 
Berlin.  Lon.  14°  55'  E.  Lat.  52"  15'  N.  Pop. 
1,100. 

Storm  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Holland, 
between  South  Cape  and  Tasman's  Head. 

Stornaway,  seaport,   Scotland,  and  capital  of 


712 


S  T  R 


the  island  of  Lewis,  on  a  bay,  with  a  harbor,  safe, 
spacious,  and  easy  of  access.  Several  of  the  mer- 
chants are  eng^aged  in  tlie  fishing  trade.  Lon.  6° 
19'  W.  Lat.  58°  18'  N.     Pop.  3,500. 

Storsio,  lake,  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  which  com- 
municates with  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  14"  10' 
E.  Lat.  63"  10'  N. 

Storsknr,  2  small  islands  on  the  east  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia.     Lon.  20<'  32'  E.  Lat.  63"  7'  N. 

Siort,  r.  England,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  2  m. 
N.  E.  Hoddesden. 

Siortford  Bishop'' s.     See  Bishop  Slortford. 

Stotjield  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  coast  of 
Murray.     Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat.  57"  42'  N. 

Sloughton,  p-t,  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  14  m.  S.  E. 
Dedham.     Pop.  1,134. 

Stour,  r.  England,  which  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  counties  of  Essex  and  Suffolk,  and 
runs  into  the  German  sea,  at  Harwich. 

Stour,  r.  England,  which  runs  into  the  English 
channel  at  Christchurch  in  Hampshire. 

Stour,  r.  England,  in  Kent,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  at  Sandwich. 

Stour,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Trent,  4  m. 
S.  Kidderminster. 

Stour  Head,  cape,  Denmark,  on  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Funen.  Lon.  9"  48'  E.  Lat.  55" 
37'  N. 

Stourbridge,  t.  England,  in  Worcestershire,  on 
the  river  Stour,  23  m.  N.  Worcester,  124  N.  W. 
London.     Lon.  2*  2'  W.  Lat.  52"  38'  N. 

Stourport,  t.  England,  in  Worcestershire,  11m. 
N.  Worcester,  126  N.  W.  London. 

Stouts,  V.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Slow,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  15  m.  N.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  650. 

Stow,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  30  m.  W.  Boston. 
Pop.  885. 

Stow,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Cuyahoga, 

11  m.  W.  Ravenna.     Pop.  in  1815,  400. 

Slow  creek,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.    Pop.  1,039. 

Stow  on  the  Would,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  23  m. 
E.  Gloucester,  84  W.  London.  Lon.  1"  42'  W. 
Lat.  51"  56' N. 

Stow  Market,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Orwell, 
13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ipswich,  75  N.  N.  E.  London. 
Lon.  r  1'  E.  Lat.  52"  13'  N. 

Stowe,  V.  Eng.  in  Buckingham,  2  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Buckingham. 

Stowey,  or  Xether  Stowey,  t.  Eng.  in  Somei-set, 

12  m.  N.  Taunton,  145  W.  London. 
Stoyeslown,  p-t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.     Pop.  170. 
Strabane,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tyrone,  40  m.  N.  W, 

Armagh,  US.  S.  W.  Londonderry.  Lon.  7°  19' 
W.  Lat.  54"  50' IV. 

Strabane,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,395. 

Stradbrook,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  5  m.  N.  E.  Eye. 

Strafford,  co.  N.  H.  bounded  N.  by  Coos  co.  E. 
by  Maine,  S.  by  Rockingham  co.  and  W.  by  Graf- 
ton CO.  Pop.  41,595.  Chief  towns,  Dover  and 
Gilmantown. 

Strafford,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.     Pop.  339. 

Strafford,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  29  m.  N.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,805.  In  this  town  is  a  mine  of  copperas 
12  m.  from  Dartmouth  college,  which  has  yielded 
with  little  labour,  100  tons  of  copperas  in  a  year. 

Straight  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into  the 
Ohio,  in  Brown  county. 

Straits  of  Calais.     See  Pas  de  la  Calais. 

Strakonitz,  t.  Bohemia,  54  m.  S.  Prague.  Lon. 
13"  50'  E.  Lat.  49"  17'  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

Stralsund,  city,  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania, 
on  the  side  of  a  strait  which  passes  between  the 


S  T  R 

continent  of  Pomerania  and  the  island  of  Rugen . 
It  is  very  strong,  being  so  surrounded  by  the  sea 
that  it  is  accessible  only  over  bridges,  and  has  be- 
sides very  good  fortifications.  It  was  formerly  one 
of  the  principal  Hanse  towns.  113  m.  N.  Berlin, 
120  N.  E.  Hamburgh.  Lon.  13"  8'  E.  Lat.  54° 
20'  N.     Pop.  13,500. 

Stramberg,  t.  Moravia,  30  m.  E.  Prerau.  Lon. 
18"11'E.  Lat.  49"  32' N. 

Strangford,  t.  Ireland,  in  Down  co.  6  m.  E. 
Downpatrick.     Lon.  .5"  28'  W.  Lat.  54"  21'  N. 

Strangford  Lough,  large  bay  of  Ireland,  ia 
Down  CO.  extending  from  Killard  Point  in  the 
Irish  sea,  to  Newton,  about  17  miles  from  S.  to  N. 

Stranrawcr,  or  Stranaer,  t  Scotland,  in  Wigtoo 
CO.  It  is  a  royal  burgh.  74  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dum- 
fries, 126  S.  W.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  4°  58'  W.  Lat. 
55"1'N.     Pop.  1,722. 

Strasburg,  city.  Franco,  and  capital  of  Lower 
Rhine,  at  the  conflux  of  the  111  and  the  Brusch, 
about  a  mile  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  Be- 
fore the  revolution  it  was  the  capital  of  Alsace, 
and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  is  well  fortified  with 
a  citadel  by  V'auban.  It  has  six  gates  and  200 
streets,  but  for  the  most  part  very  narrow.  There 
are  8  bridges  across  the  111,  and  one  of  wood  3,900 
feet  long,  over  the  Rhine,  which  in  the  middle  is 
supported  by  an  island,  on  which  is  a  strong  castle. 
Strasburg  has  an  university,  governed  by  twenty 
professors,  who  are  Lutherans,  and  another  of 
Roman  Catholics.  The  military  hospital  is  a  hand- 
some building,  and  the  city  infirmary  will  re- 
ceive 800  patients,  besides  which  there  are  two 
houses  of  orphans,  a  foundling  hospital,  and  nu- 
merous other  charitable  institutions.  From  its 
situation,  Strasburg  is  a  place  of  considerable 
commerce ;  here  are  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
china,  steel,  lace,  carpets,  cloth,  leather,  &;c.  75 
■posts  E.  Paris.  Lon.  7"  49'  E.  Lat.  48"  35'  N. 
Pop.  49,056. 

Strasburg,  t.  Prussian  slates,  30  m.  N.E.  Thorn, 
35  E.  Culm. 

Strasburg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg, 
12  m.  N.  Prenzlow,  56  N.  Berlin.  Lon.  13°  44' E. 
Lat.  53"  32'  N.     Pop.  2,900. 

Strasburg,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  8  m.  S.  E.  Lan- 
caster, 58  W.  Philadelphia.     Pop.  2,710. 

Strasburg,  p-t.  Shenandoah  co.  Pa.  12  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Woodstock. 

Stratford  upon  Avon,  t.  England,  in  Warwick 
CO.  on  the  A\on,  chiefly  celebrated  as  the  native 
place  of  Shakspeare  ;  8  m.  S.  S.  W.  Warwick,  94 
N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1"  44'  W.  Lat.  52°  11'  N. 
Pop.  2,842. 

Stratford  Fenney,  t.  England,  in  Buckingham 
CO.  12  m.  E.  Buckingham,  45  N.  W.  London. 
Lon.  0°  49'  W.  Lat.  51"  54'  N. 

Stratford,  Stoney,  t.  England,  in  Buckingham,  8 
m.  N.  E.  Buckingham,  52  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0" 
44'  W.  Lat.  52'  N.     Pop.  1,653. 

Stratford,  v.  England,  in  Essex,  4  m.  E.  Lon- 
don. 

Stratford,  p-t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecticut 
river,  98  m.  N.Concord. 

Strafford,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Housatonnuc,  at  its  mouth,  13  m.  S.  W. 
New  Haven.  Pop.  2,895.  It  contains  an  acade- 
my, and  4  churches,  2  for  Congrej^ationalists,  1 
for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  In  this 
town  is  the  borough  of  Bridgeport. 

Stratford,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  W. 
Johnstown.     Pop.  353.  -jr-^'.- 


S  T  R 

Stmlford  Bow,  v.  England,  in  Middlesex,  on  the 
right  tank  of  the  Lea,  3  m.  E.  London, 

Stratford  River,  a  name  given  to  the  Housaton- 
nuc,  below  the  junction  of  the  Naugatuck. 

Stratham,  t.  Rockingham  co,  N.  H.  7  m.  S.  W. 
Portsmouth.  Pop.  876.  It  has  2  churches,  1  for 
Baptists,  and  1  for  Congregationalists. 

Strathaven,  t.  Scotland,  in  Lanerkshire,  6  m.  S. 
Hamilton,  10  VV,  Lanerk. 

Strathy  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Sutherland,  31  m.  E.  Cape  Wrath.  Lon.  3" 
50' W.  Lat.58''33'N. 

Slratonisi,  3  small  islands  in  the  Grecian  ar- 
chipelago, 10  m.  S.  Specia.  Lon.  23°  25'  E.  Lat. 
37°  16'  xN. 

Stralti,  or  j3gioi  Stratti,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian 
archipelago.     Lon.  2^  12'  E.  Lat.  39"  35'  N. 

Stratton,  t.  England,  in  Cornwall,  15  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Launceston,  221  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  4" 
25'  W.  Lat.  50^'  33'  N. 

Stratton,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  38  m.  S.  W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  265. 

Straubing,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  with  a 
castle.  It  contains  a  collegiate  church  and  lour 
convents.  43  m.  N.  W.  Passau,  60  N.  N.  E.  Mu- 
nich.  Lon.  12°  30'  E.  Lat.  48°  47'  N.    Pop.  6,200. 

Straviko,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  the 
Black  sea,  40  m.  S.  E.  Ismail. 

Straitssberg,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg, 

13  m.  S.  E.  Bernau,  20  E.  Berlin.     Lon.  13°  55'  E. 
Lat.  52°  37'  N.     Pop.  3,600. 

Strawberry  plains,  p-v.  Knox  co.  Ten. 

Strawberry,  r.  Missouri,  a  branch  of  Big  Black 
river,  which  it  joins  on  the  W.  side. 

Strawntown,  p-t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

Strebemich,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bosnia,  70  m.  W. 
Belgrade. 

Strehla,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  14  m.  N.  W. 
Meissen,  21  N.  W.  Dresden. 

Strehlen,  t.  Silesia,  16  m.  W.  S.  W.  Brieg,  20 
S.  Breslau.     Pop.  3,000, 

Streitberg,  t.  Germany,  30  m.  S.  W.  Bayreuth, 

14  E.  S.  E.  Bamberg.     Lon.  IT  10'  E.    Lat.  49° 
49' N. 

Strelford,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  S.  W. 
Manchester. 

Strelitz,  or  Great  Strelits,  t.  Silesia,  14  m,  S,  E. 
Cppebi,  20  N.  Ratibor.  Lon.  17°  15'  E.  Lat.  50° 
27'  N.     Pop.  1,180. 

Strelits,  or  Old  Strelitz,  t.  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg, which  gives  name  to  a  branch  of  the 
house  of  Mecklenburg,  called  Mecklenbui^-Stre- 
litz;  50  m.  W.Stettin.  Lon.  13°  18' E.  Lat. 53° 
22' N. 

Strelitz,  t.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  10  m.  N. 
Perth. 

Strengnas,  or  Sirengenas,  t,  Sweden,  on  the 
Malar  lake,  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  has  a  cele- 
brated gymnasium  or  seminary.  32  m.  W.  Stock- 
holm.    Lon.  16"  55'  E.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. 

Sretensk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  52  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Nertchinsk,  492  E.  Irkutsk,  Lon.  118°  14'  E.  Lat. 
5l°22'N. 

Stretford,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  m.  S.  VV. 
Manchester. 

Stretham,  v.  England,  in  Surry,  7  m.  S.  London. 

Streigau,  t.  Silesia,  9  m.  N.  W.  Schweidnitz,  8 
S.  E.  Jaucr.  Lon.  16°  22'  E.  Lat.  50"  50'  N.  Pop. 
2,900. 

Strimon,  or  Emboli,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Roma- 
nia, which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Conts'^a.  6  m.  S. 
I'mboli. 


90 


S  T  U 


713 


Strivali,  2  rocky  islands  in  the  Mediterranean, 
26  m.  S.  Zante.     Lon.  21°  12'  E.  Lat.  37°  29'  N. 

Slroemsholm,  t.  Sweden,  in  Westmannland,  54 
m.  S.  W.  Upsal.     Lon.  16°  14'  E.    Lat.  59°  30'  N. 

Stroma,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  N.  coast 
of  Scotland,  in  the  Pentlane  Frith,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Duncansby  Head.  Lon.  2°  58'  W.  Lat.  58° 
35'  N. 

Stromberg,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  S,  E.  Munster. 
Lon.  8"  15'  E.  Lat.  51° 45'  N. 

Stromboli,  or  Strongoli,  one  ol  the  Lipari  islands, 
anciently  Strongyle,  12  miles  in  circumference. 
On  it  is  a  volcano.  28  m.  N.  W.  Cape  Vaticano. 
Lon.  15°  30r  E.  Lat.  38°  43'  N. 

Slromness,  seaport,  Scotland,  situated  on  the  S. 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Pomona,  with  a  harbor 
which  affords  safe  anchorage.  10  m.  W.  Kirkwall. 
Lon.  3°  9'  W.  Lat.  58°  51'  N.     Pop.  1,344. 

Stromoe,  tlie  largest  of  the  Faroer  islands,  in  the 
Northern  ocean,  30  miles  long  and  10  broad,  Lon, 
7"  W.  Lat.  62"  10'  N. 

Slromsoe,  t.  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Christiania.     Lon.  10°  16'  E,  Lat.  59"  44'  N. 

Stromstadt,  t.  Sweden,  in  West  Gothland,  on  the 
coast  of  the  North  sea,  43  m.  N.  N.  W.  Uddevalla. 
Lon.  1 1"  4'  E.  Lat.  58°  56'  N. 

Strong,  formerly  Reedstown,  p-t.  Somerset  co. 
Maine,  24  m.  N.  W.  Norridgewock. 

Strongilo,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipela- 
go, 6  m.  S.  W.  Paros.     Lon.  25°  10'  E.  Lat.  37°  N. 

Strongoli,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  16  m.  S.  S.  E.Cariati  Vecchia,  47  E. 
Cosenza.     Lon.  17°  17'  E.  LaL  39°  15'  N. 

Stronsa,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands,  about  6 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  almost  as  broad  from 
E.  to  W.  Lon,  2°  30'  W.  Lat.  58"  39'  N.  Pop. 
924. 

Strontian,  v.  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire,  cele- 
brated for  the  fossil  called  Strontites.  Lon.  5°  38' 
W.  Lat.  56"  40' N. 

Stroppen,  t.  Silesia,  24  m.  W.  N.  W.  Oels,  18 
N.  W.  Breslau.  Lon.  16°  49'  E.  Lat.  51°  22' N. 
Pop.  970. 

Stroud,  r.  England,  which  runs  into  the  Severn, 
5  m.  S.  Gloucester. 

Stroud,  t.  England,  in  Gloucester  co.  on  the 
Frome,  which  is  here  called  Stroud-water,  and 
particularly  celebrated  as  a  menstruum  in  dying 
broad-cloths  in  scarlet  and  other  grain  colours,  1 1 
m.  S.  Gloucester,  102  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  15'  W. 
Lat.  51"  47' N.     Pop.  5,321. 

Stroud,,  t.  England,  in  Kent,  adjoining  Roches- 
ter, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Med  way. 

Stroudsburg,  p-t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

Stroudwater.     See  Casco  Bay. 

Stroudwater.     See  Westbrook. 

Strumble''s  Head,  cape,  Wales,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Pembroke.     Lon.  5°  10'  W.  Lat.  52°  N. 

Stniys  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
34°  33'  S. 

Strynkaly,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic, 
between  jEroe  and  Langeland.  Lon.  10"  36'  E, 
Lat.  54"  54'  N. 

Strynoe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  2  m. 
from  the  W.  coast  of  Langeland.  Lon.  10°  38' E. 
Lat.  54"  54'  N. 

Stuart,  CO.  West  Tennessee.  Pop,  4,262,  in- 
cluding slaves.     Chief  town,  Dover. 

Stuartsburg,  p-t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Sluart^s  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  at  the  entrance  of  Bute's  canal,  in  the 
gulf  of  Georgia.     Lon.  236"  9'  E.   Lat.  50°  21'  N- 


714 


SUB 


SUE 


Sttutrt''s  lake,  North  America,  on  the  W.  side  of 
ihe  Rocky  mountains.  Lon.  125°  W.  Lat.54°30' 
N.  It  is  said  to  be  300  miles  in  circumference, 
and  discharges  its  waters  through  Frazer's  river, 
into  the  gulf  Georgia.  At  its  E-  end  is  a  port  of 
the  N.  W.  company. 

Sludland  Bay,  bay  of  the  English  channel,  6  m. 
S.  Pool.     Lon.  V  58'  VV.  Lat.  50"  37'  N. 

Studley,  t.  England,  in  Warwickshire,  on  the 
Arrow,  6  m.  N.  W.  Stratford  upon  Avon. 

Sluhlingen,  t.  Baden,  22  m.  N.  Zurich,  30  W. 
Constance.  Lon.  8"  26'  E.  Lat.  47°  48'  N.  Pop. 
928, 

Stiihl  Weissenburg,  or  Szekes  Fcjervar,  t.  Hun- 
gary, a  royal  free  town,  and  see  of  a  bishop.  This 
town  is  strong  in  its  situation,  and  had  formerly 
<;onsiderable  works,  which  were  dismantled  in 
1702.  It  was  once  the  place  for  the  coronation  of 
the  kings,  but  at  present  the  town  is  extremely 
decayed.  84  m.  S.  E.  V'ienna,  24  VV.  Buda.  Lon. 
17"  50'  E.  Lat.  47°  17'  N.     Pop.  12,248. 

Slukeli/,  t.  Richelieu  co.  Lower  Canada,  E.  of 
Montreal.     Pop.  250. 

S/mn,  t.  Prussia,  7  m.  S.  Marienburg.  Lon.  18° 
52'  E.  Lat.  53°  53'  N. 

Stutnpstoun,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
the  Little  Swetera,  24  m.  E.  N.  E.  Harrisburg. 

Slura,  seaport,  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the  island 
o(  Negropont.     Lon.  24"  lo  E.  Lat.  38°  8'  N. 

Stura,  r.  Italy,  which  rises  in  Mount  Cenis,  and 
runs  into  tlie  Po,  at  Turin. 

iSturbridge.     See  Stourbridge. 

Sturbridge,  p-t.  Worcester  co,  Mass.  21  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Worcester,  58  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,927. 

Sturgeon'' s  bay,  a  large  bay  of  Michigan  Terri- 
tory, which  sets  up  to  the  south  from  Green  bay. 
U  is  15  miles  long  and  6  wide.  From  its  head 
there  is  a  short  portage  to  lake  Michigan. 

Sturgeon  lake,  lake,  North  America,  about  40 
miles  long  and  from  1  to  5  broad.  Lon.  91"  25'  W. 
Lat.  49°  30'  N. 

Sturminster  Marshal,  t.  England,  in  Dorset,  4 
m.  E.  Sturminster  Newton. 

Sturminster  JVeirfon,  t.  England,  in  Dorsetshire, 
on  the  river  Stour,  9  m.  N.  W.  Blandlbrd,  111  W. 
London.     Lon.  2°  26'  W.  Lat,  50'  58'  N. 

Stuttgard,  or  Stuttgart,  the  capital  of  Wurtera- 
berg,  and  residence  of  the  king,  situated  in  a  de- 
lightful country,  on  the  Nasedbach,  about  2  miles 
from  the  Neckar.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  The 
streets  are  large  and  strait,  and  the  bouses  hand- 
some. The  ro^al  palace  is  a  magnificent  build- 
ing. Stuttgart  contains  an  academy  of  painting, 
f^culpture,  and  architecture,  and  manufactures  of 
stuffs,  silk  Etockinofs,  and  ribbons.  40  m.  N.  W. 
{Jim,  40  S.  S.  E.  Heidelberg.  Lou.  9'  18'  E.  Lat. 
48°  45'  N.     Pop.  22,000. 

Styria.     See  Stiria. 

Suaketn,  or  Suaquem,  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Nubia,  with  a  seaport  of  the  same 
name.  The  island  is  in  :i  bay,  the  entrance  of 
which  is  narrov.',  and  well  secured  from  every 
wind,  with  five,  six,  and  seven  fatlioms  water. 
It  belongs  to  the  Turks,  and  is  governed  by  a  pa- 
cha. The  trade  is  very  considerable,  with  both 
the  coasts  of  Africa,  the  East  Indies,  Arabia,  and 
Egypt.  By  nature  the  shoals,  rorks,  and  sand- 
banks render  it  secure  from  the  attack  of  an  en- 
emy by  sea,  and  it  is  well  fortified  by  art.  Lon. 
33"  E.  Lat.  19°  20'  N. 

Subarkan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the 
Euphrates,  75  m.  E.  S.  E.  Kerkisieh. 


Sublcrmookyj  r.  Bengal,  which  runs  into  the  bar 
of  Bengal,  in  lon.  88°  32'  E.  Lat.  21"  35'  N. 

Succadana,  t.  Borneo,  and  capital  of  the  king- 
dom of  the  same  name.  Lon.  109°  56'  E.  Lat.  0*^ 
56' S. 

Success,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  86  m.  N.  Concord. 

Success  Bay,  or  Good  Success  Bay,  bay  on  the 
S.  E.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  in  the  straits  of  Le 
Maire.     Lon.  65°  27'  W.  Lat.  54"  50*  S. 

Succoof,  t.  Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  160  m.  N.  Don- 
gola.    Lon.  31°  40' E.     Lat.  22°  N. 

Suchitepec,  or  67.  Antonio  de  Suchitepec,  t,  Gua- 
timala,  on  a  river  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  60  m.  W.  N.  W.  Guatimala.  Lon.  93°  36' 
W.  Lat.  14"  44' S. 

Suck,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Shannon . 
6  m.  S.  E.  Balinasloe. 

Suck  creek,  r.  Tennessee,  which  joins  Tennes- 
see river,   70  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Hi- 


Suckasunny,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

Sucsava,  or  Suchzow,  t.  Bukovina,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  formerly  a  flourishing  city,  but 
now  much  declined.  84  m.  N.  W.  Jassy,  130  N. 
E.  Colosvar.  Lon.  25°  58'  E.  Lat.  47°  57'  N. 
Pop.  2,640. 

Suda,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  Candia,  8  m.  E.  Canea.  Lon.  24°  6'  E. 
Lat.  17°  N. 

Sudak,  seaport,  Russia,  in  Tauris,  on  the  Black 
sea,  20  m.  S.  W.  Theodosia. 

Sudbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk  Co.  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Stour.  The  trade  is  considerable,  and  much 
assisted  by  the  Stour.  It  sends  two  members  to 
parliament.  59  m.  S.  S.  W.  Norwich,  56  N.  E. 
London.  Lon.  0°  15'  E.  Lat.  52"  3'  N.  Pop. 
3,471. 

Sudbury,  p-t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  43  m.  W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  754. 

Sudbury,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22  ra.  W.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,287. 

Sudermannland,  or  Sudermania,  province  in  the 
old  division  of  Sweden,  bounded  N.  by  Malar 
lake,  E.  and  S.  E.  by  the  Baltic,  S.  W.  by  East 
Gothland,  and  W.  by  Nericia.  Nykioping  was 
the  capital. 

Suderoe,  one  of  the  Faroer  islands,  in  the  North 
Atlantic  ocean,  remarkable  fora dangerous  whirl- 
pool near  it. 

Siidler^s  cross-roads,  p-v.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 

Sudogda,  t.  Russia,  in  Vladimir,  28  m.  S.  E. 
Vladimir.     Lon.  40°  54'  E.  Lat;  55"  40'  N. 

Sudza,  t.  Russia,  in  Kursk,  40  m.  S.  W.  Kursk. 
Lon.  35'  14'  E.  Lat.  51°  20'  N. 

Suemez,  Island  of,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
226"  50' E.  LaL55"  16' N. 

Svelmoe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Funen.  Lon.  10"  20'  E.  Lat.  55*' 
8'  N. 

Svenborg,  fort,  Sweden,  built  on  small  rocky-^ 
islands,  in  the  gulf  of  Finland,  3  m.  from  Helsing- 
fors. 

Svenborg,  seaport,  Denmark,  in  the  island  ot 
Funen,  22  m.  S.  S.  E.  Odensee.  Lon.  10°  37'  E. 
Lat.  55"  9'  N. 

Suez,  t.  Egypt,  on  a  point  of  land,  in  the  form 
ol  a  peninsula,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  sea. 
D'Anville  supposes  that  here  stood  the  ancient 
Arsinoe.  It  is  not  surrounded  with  walls;  but 
the  houses  are  built  so  closely  top:ether,  that  there 
are  only  two  passages  into  the  city,  of  which  that 
nearest  to  the  sea  is  open,  the  other  .»hut  by  a  vei'; 


S  U  I 

insufficient  gate.  Fish  is  the  only  article  of  pro- 
vision plentiful  here.  The  only  water  fit  for 
drinking  comes  from  the  wells  of  Naba,  more  than 
f)  miles  from  Suez.  Several  vessels  are  annually 
employed  in  the  navigation  between  this  port  and 
Jidda.  The  commerce  of  Cairo  with  Suez  is 
carried  on  by  means  of  caravans.  60  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Cairo.     Lon.  32"  25'  E.  Lat.  30°  N. 

Sufange  ul  Bahri,  narrow  isl,  in  the  Red  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Egypt.  Lon.  33°  56'  E.  Lat. 
27°  N. 

Sufferdam,  or  Siiferdon,  t.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of 
Concan,  15  m.  S.  Choule. 

Suffidd^  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Connecticut  river,  17  m.  N.  Hartford,  10  S. 
Springfield,  Massachusetts.  Pop.  2,680.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and  1 
for  Baptists. 

Suffidd,  t.  Portage  CO.  Ohio,  11m.  S.W.Ra- 
venna.    Pop.  in  1815,  300. 

Suffolk,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Norfolk, 
E.  by  the  German  sea,  S.  by  Essex,  and  W.  by 
Cambridgeshire.  Area,  about  800,000  acres. 
Pop.  234,211.     Ipswich  is  the  county  town. 

Suffolk,  CO.  Mass.  comprises  the  towns  of  Boston 
and  Chelsea.     Pop.  34,381. 

Suff'olk,  CO.  N.  Y.  comprising  the  W.  part  of 
Long  Island.  Pop.  21,113;  in  1820,24,756.  Chief 
town,  River  Head. 

Suffolk,  p-t.  and  cap.  Nansemond  co.  Va.  on 
Nansemond  river,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place 
for  vessels  of  250  tons.  Suffolk  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  and  about  50  houses.  28  m.  W.  by 
S.  Portsmouth,  83  E.  S.E.  Petersburg,  110  S.  E. 
Richmond. 

Sugar  Creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Sugar  Creek,  t  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819, 
355. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E.  Woos- 
ter.     Pop.  in  1819,  570. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio. 

Sugar  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Musking- 
um at  New  Philadelphia. 

Sugar  Loaf,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  12"  5'  S. 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

Sugarloaf  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
northern  island  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  185°  8'  W. 
Lat.  29°  3' S. 

Sugar  River,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  intotlie  Con- 
necticut at  Claremont.  It  is  the  outlet  of  Suna- 
pee  lake. 

Sugenheim,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  N.  Anspach,  24 
f-j.  W.  Bamberg.  Lon.  10°  31'  E.  Lat.  49°  40'  N. 

Sugoully,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  10  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Bettiah.  Lon.  84"  44'  E.  Lat.  26°  43'  N. 

Sugnlmessa,  or  Sigilmessa,  or  Segilmessa,  t.  Mo- 
rocco, cap.  of  a  district,  and  at  one  time  cap.  of  a 
kingdom  to  wliich  it  gave  name,  now  called  Taji- 
Itt.  72  m.  E.  Tafilet.  Lon.  3°  18'  W.  Lat.  31° 
26' N. 

Suhla,  t.  Germany,  7  m.  S.  E.  Smalkalden. 
Lon.  10°  58'  E.  Lat.  50°  40'  N.     Pop.  6,100. 

Suklingen,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  county  of  Hoya, 
14  m.  S.  W.  Hoya.     Pop.  1,350. 

Sujatpour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  62  m.  N.  E.  Dac- 
ca. Lon.  91°  25'  E.  Lat.  24°  20'  N. 

Srijazk,  t.  Russia,  in  Kajan,  at  the  union  of  the 
river  Svijaga  with  the  Volga.  20  m.  W.  Kazan. 
Lon.  48°  34'  E.  Lat.  55°  45'  N. 

Suilliat,  T.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  whjch  yiuis  into 
1  he  A voB,  near  Tewkesbury.         -i^i 


S  U  L 


715 


Suilly,  small  isl.  in  the  Bristol  channel,  near 
the  coast  of  Wales.  Lon.  3"  11'  W.  Lat.  51° 
23'  N. 

Suippe,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name.  15  m.  W.  St.  Menehould,  12  N.  Cha  - 
Ions  sur  Marne. 

Suippe,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Aisne, 

6  m.  N.  E.  Roucy. 

Suir,  r.  Russia,  which  forms  a  communication 
between  lakes  Ladoga  and  Onezskoe. 

Suirc,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  sea  in 
Waterford  harbor. 

Sukana,  or  Sukna,  t.  Syria,  140  m.  S.  S.  E.  Alep- 
po. 

Sulau,  or  Zulauf,  t.  Silesia,  17  m.  N.  N.  W 
Oels,  18  N.  E.  Wohlau.  Lon.  17°  10' E.  Lat.  51 
30'  N.     Pop.  920. 

Suldingen,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Weser,  4  m.  S.  Bahrenburg. 

Sulen,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine, 

7  m.  above  Cologne. 

Sule7i  Islands,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Norway.  Lon.  4°  45'  E.  Lat.  61°  5'  N. 

Suliago,  or  Suriago,  islands  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  125°  27'  to  128°  30'  E.  Lat.  9°  24'  to  10' 
32'  N. 

Suliago,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  126°  27' 
E.  Lat.  9°  27'  N. 

Stdiskar,  or  Bara,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  45 
m.  from  the  N.  W.  part  of  Scotland.  Lon.  5°  53' 
W.  Lat.  58°  44'  N. 

Sullane,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Lee,  1 "» 
m.  W.  Cork. 

Sullivan,  p-t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  French- 
man's bay,  30  m.  E.  Castine. 

Sullivan,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  35  m.  S.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  516. 

Sullivan,  co,  N.  Y.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Delaware,  Ulster,  and  Orange,  and  by  Delaware 
river.     Pop.  6,103.     Chief  town,  Thompson. 

Sullivan,  p-t.  INTadison  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  lake. 
Pop.  1,974.  In  this  town  is  abundance  of  gyp- 
sum. 

Sullivan,  co.  East  Tennessee,  on  Holston  river. 
Pop.  6,847,  including  773  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Blountsville. 

Sullivan,  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Wabash.  Chief 
town.  Fort  Harrison. 

Sullivan  Island,  small  isl.  on  the  N.  side  of 
Charleston  harbor,  6  m.  below  the  city.  It  is 
much  resorted  to  by  the  citizens  of  Charleston 
during  the  summer  months. 

Sulm,  or  Sulmbach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Neckar  near  Neckar's  Ulm. 

Sulmnna,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  21  m.  S.  Civita  Chieta,  72  N.  Naples. 
Lon.  13°  59'  E.  Lat.  42°  3'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Sulphur  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  5  miles 
long.  Lon.  141°  12'  E.  Lat.  24°  48'  N. 

Sulphur  Spring,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  Tonne- 
wanta  creek  in  Clarence,  Niagara  co. 

SuUan  Hisar,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  once  a 
strong  place,  52  m.  S.  E.  Milets,  23  E.  Sclavonia. 
Lon.  28°  4' E.  Lat.  37°  51' N. 

Sultanabnd,  circar,  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by 
Rajemal  and  Awmore,  E.  by  Raujeshy,  S.by  Bir- 
boom,  and  W.  by  Birboom  and  Hendooa. 

Suitania,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  formerly  one  of  the 
largest  cities  in  Asia.  The  streets  are  now  de- 
serted, and  the  inhabitants  scarcely  amount  to 
6,000.  250  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ispahan.  Lon.  48°  26'  E. 
Lat.  36°  28'  N. 

SuUanponr,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  62  m.  S.  E.  La- 


716 


SUM 


hore,  228  N.  W.  Delhi.  Lon.  73'  50'  E.  Lat.  30" 
25' N. 

Sulianpour,  t.  Hind,  in  OuJe,  50  m.  N.  Allaha- 
bad, 32  S.  Fyzabad.  Lon.  82"  24'  E.  Lat.  26°  18'  N. 

Suite,  or  Sulse,  t.  Mecklenburgh-Schwerin,  with 
some  salt  works.  23  m.  E.  Rostock.  Lon.  12°  40' 
E.  Lat.  54°  8'  N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Sultzburg,  t.  Baden,  20  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bale. 

Suls,  t.  Wurtember^,  near  the  Neckar,  with  salt 
works.  12  m.  S.  E.  Freudenstadt,  12  N.  Roth- 
well.  Lon.  8"  40'  E.   Lat.  48°  18'  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Siilza,  t.  Saxe-Weimar,  on  the  Ilm,  14  m.  N.E. 
Weimar,  9  S.  E.  Naumburg.  Lon.  11°42'E.  Lat. 
51°  6'  N. 

Sulsbach,  t.  Bavaria,  48  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ingolstadt, 
35  N.  N.  W.  Ratisbon.  Lon.  11°  45'  E.  Lat.  49° 
30'  N.     Pop.  3,200. 

Sulsburg,  Ober,  t.  and  citadel,  Bavaria,  29  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Ratisbon,  2  S.  E.  Freyenstatt.  Lon.  11° 
20'  E.  Lat.  49°  &  N. 

Sumany  Town,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  33  m. 
N.  M'.  Philadelphia. 

Samasinta,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  bay 
ofCampeachy.  Lon.  92°  40' W.  Lat.  18"20'N. 

Sumatra,  a  large  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  and 
most  westerly  of  those  called  the  Islands  of  Sunda, 
about  700  miles  long  from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  and  180 
broad.  The  equinoxial  line  passes  nearly  through 
the  centre.  It  is  separated  from  the  continent  of 
Asia  by  the  straits  of  Malacca,  and  by  the  straits 
of  Sunda,  from  the  island  of  Java  on  the  B.  A 
ridge  of  mountains  extends  through  its  whole 
lengtn.  Mount  Ophir,  the  highest  summit,  13,482 
feet  above  the  Irvel  of  the  sea.  Between  these 
mountains  are  extensive  plains,  considerably  ele- 
vated above  the  level  of  the  ocean,  which  are  the 
best  cultivated  and  most  populous  parts  of  the  isl- 
and. The  heat  of  the  climate  is  not  so  great  as 
might  be  expected ;  the  thermometer  at  the  most 
sultry  hour  generally  fluctuating  between  82°  and 
83°;  at  sun-rise  it  is  usually  as  low  as  70°.  The 
soil  of  the  island  is  generally  a  stiff  reddish  clay, 
covered  with  a  stratum  or  layer  of  black  mould  of 
no  great  depth.  On  this  is  naturally  a  strong  and 
perpetual  verdure.  For  many  ages  Sumatra  has 
been  famous  for  its  gold,  which  seems  at  present, 
however,  nearly  exhausted.  There  are  also  mines 
of  copper,  iron  and  tin,  salpetre,  sulphur,  coal, 
ivory,  coffee,  cotton,  betel-nuts,  tobacco,  rice, 
cotton,  and  especially  pepper,  are  also  among  the 
productions  of  the  island.  The  religion  is  pagan- 
ism, and  the  inhabitants  are  cannibals.  In  1818, 
a  Baptist  missionary  established  himself  in  this 
island,  with  a  printing  press. 

Sumbara.     See  Cumbava. 

Sumhul,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  district  in  Oude, 
45  m.  W.  N.  W.  Bereillv,  65  E.  Delhi.  Lon.  78° 
55' E.  Lat.  28°  30' N. 

Sumbulpour,  or  Sumelpour,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of 
a  circar  in  Orissa,  144  m.  W.  N.  W.  Cattack,  280 
W.  Calcutta.  Lon.  83°  40'  E.  Lat.  21°  25'  N. 

Sumene,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  4  m.  E.  Le  Vigan, 
18S.  W.Alais. 

Sumi,  t.  Russia,  in  Charkov,  68  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Charkov.  Lon.  35°  4'  E.  Lat.  50°  54'  N. 

Summaro,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  S.  E.  of  Aland. 
Lon.  20"  5'  E.  Lat.  59°  58'  N. 

Summer/ield,  pt.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

Summei-kioum,  t.  Birmah,  on  the  Irawuddy,  60 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Ava. 

Summers  Islands.     See  Bermuda 

Summit,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y. 

Sumner,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  6  m.  N.  E.  Pa- 
ris.    Fop.  611. 


SUN 

Sumner^  co.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Cumberland  river.  Pop.  13,792,  including  3,734 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Gallatin. 

Sumpter,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  19,054,  including 
11,638  slaves. 

Sumptersi-ille,  p-t.  Claremont  co.  S.  C.  Lode- 
bar  academy  is  10  miles  from  this  place. 

Sumrah,  t.  Syria,  18  m.  N.  E.  Tripoli. 

Sunapee,  lake,  N.  H.  on  the  borders  of  Hills- 
borough and  Cheshire  counties,  1 1  miles  long,  and 
li  wide,  and  discharges  its  waters  through  Sugar 
river  into  the  Connecticut.  It  is  on  the  height  of 
land  between  the  waters  of  the  Connecticut  and 
those  of  the  Merrimack.  It  is  in  contemplation  to 
connect  these  two  rivers  by  a  canal  from  the 
Merrimack  to  this  lake. 

Sunbury,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames ; 
16m.W.  S.W.London. 

Sunbury,  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  the  bay  of 
Fundy,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Johns  river,  bounded 
N.  W.  by  York  co.  N.  E.  by  Northumberland  co. 
S.  E.  by  Queen's  co.  and  S.  W.  by  Charlotte  co. 

Sunbury,  bor.  p-t.  and  cap.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  Susquehannah  river,  just  be- 
low the  junction  of  the  E.  and  W.  branches,  2  m. 
S.  of  Northumberland,  56  N.  Harrisburg.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  Presbyterian,  and  Lutheran  church.  Pop. 
790. 

Sunbury,  p-t.  Gates  co.  N.  C. 

Sunbury,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Liberty  co. 
Geo.  between  Midway  and  Newport  rivers,  at  the 
headofSt.  Catherine's  sound,  40  m.  S.  Savannah. 
It  is  a  pleasant  and  healthy  place,  and  is  resorted 
to  ill  the  summer  months  by  the  planters  of  the 
adjacent  country.  In  1788,  an  academy  was  es- 
tablished here,  which  is  a  flourishing  and  highly 
respectable  institution.  The  average  number  of 
students  is  100. 

Sunbury,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Suncook,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the  E.  side  of  the 
Merrimack,  in  AUenstown,  7  m.  below  Concord. 

Sunda  Islands,  a  name  given  to  several  islands 
in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  of  which  Sumatra,  Borneo, 
and  Java  are  the  chief. 

Sunda,  (^Straits  of,)  a  strait  of  the  E.  Indian  sea, 
between  the  islands  of  Sumatra  and  Java. 

Sundal,  t.  Norway,  in  Drontheim,  on  the  Dri- 
va,  66  m.  S.  S.  W.  Drontheim. 

Sundeep,  or  Su7idiva,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Burrampooter,  about  100  miles  in  circumference. 
Lon .  9  r  33'  E.  Lat.  22°  28'  N . 

Sunderbunds,  a  large  tract  of  country  of  Hin- 
doostan,  intersected  by  the  Mouths  of  the  Ganges, 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  country  of  Bengal.  It  is  com- 
pletely enveloped  in  woods,  and  infested  with  ty- 
gers.  Here  salt  is  made  in  quantities  equal  to  the 
the  whole  consumption  of  Bengal  and  its  depen- 
dencies. 

Sunderdoo,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Hindoostan,  36  m.  N.  N.  W.  Goa.  Lon. 
73°20'E.  Lat.  16°  3' N. 

Sunderhamn.     See  Soderhumn. 

Sunderkioping,     See  Soderkioping. 

Sunderland,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Durham,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wear.  'The  harbour  is  too  shallow 
for  large  vessels.  It  has  been  greatly  enriched  by 
the  coal  trade  and  its  salt  pans.  13  m.  N.  E.  Dur- 
ham, 270  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  22'  W.  Lat.  54"  59' 
N.     Pop.  12,289. 

Sunderland,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  15  m.  N.  E. 
Bennington.     Pop.  575. 

Sundsrland,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the  E. 


SUP 

iide  of  Connecticut  river,  8  m.  below  Greenfield, 
Pop.  551. 

Sunderland  Point,  cape,  Eng.  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Lune,  5  m.  S.  S.  W.  Lancaster. 

Sunderland  Point,  cape,  Engf.  in  the  German 
sea.  Lon.  V44'  W.  Lat.  52°  27' N. 

Sundershausen.     See  Sondershausen. 

Sundira.     See  Sundeep. 

Sundsio,  t.  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  10  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Ostersund. 

Sundi,  province  of  Africa,  in  Congo,  on  the 
river  Zaire. 

Sundswall,  seaport,  Sweden,  in  Medclpad,  on 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  20  m.  S.  Hernosand,  185  N. 
Stockholm.  Lon.  IT  5'  E.  Lat.  62°  47'  N. 

Sunerampour,  t.  Bengal,  40  m.  N.  E.  Dacca. 
Lon.  91°  9' E.  Lat.  24°  2' N. 

Sunergong,  or  Sunnergaum,  or  Sonergong,  t. 
Bengal,  on  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Burrampoo- 
ter,  14  m.  S.  E.  Dacca. 

Sunjish,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  4  m. 
below  Piketon. 

Sunjish  Creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  30  m.  below  Wheeling. 

Sunk  Island,  isl.  Eng.  on  the  river  Humber, 
about  2  miles  long.    10  m.  N.  W.  Spurn  Head. 

Sicnkar,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal, in  lon.  90°  58'  E.  laL  22°  5'  »V. 

SuTikersur,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  38  m.  N.  Hajy- 
pour.  Lon.  85°  25'  E.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. 

Sunnanskar,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia.   Lon.  21°  8' E.   Lat.  61°  25' N. 

Sunnoul,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  13  m.  S.  Bettiah. 
Lon.  84°  49'  E.  Lat.  26°  33'  N. 

Sunning,  v.  Eng.  on  both  sides  of  the  Thames, 
partly  in  Berkshire,  and  partly  in  Oxfordshire,  5 
m.  E.  Reading,  35  W.  London. 

Sunning-Hill,  v.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  8  m.  E. 
Wokingham,  24  W.  London. 

Superg  I,  or  Sune.rgue,  a  religious  foundation  of 
Piedmont,  on  a  high  hill,  3  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turin. 

Superior,  Lake,  the  largest  lake  in  N.  America, 
and  supposed  to  be  the  largest  body  of  fresh  water 
on  the  globe,  lies  on  the  boundary  line  between 
the  U.  States  and  the  British  possessions,  and  ex- 
tends from  84°  40'  to  92°  W.  Ion.  and  from  46°  30' 
to  49°  N.  lat.  Its  greatest  length  from  E.  to  W. 
is  490  miles,  and  its  circumference  1 ,700.  It  has 
a  number  of  large  and  well  wooded  islands,  the 
principal  of  which  are  Maurepas,  Phillipeaux,  the 
island  of  Yellow  Sands,  and  Isle  Royal,  the  last  of 
which  is  said  to  be  100  miles  long,  and  40  broad. 
The  country  on  the  north  and  east  of  lake  Supe- 
rior is  said  to  be  mountainous  and  barren,  and  the 
coasts  are  an  embankment  of  rock  from  300  to 
1,500  feet  high.  The  southern  coast  is  very  ele- 
vated, in  some  places  sandy,  but  generally  rocky 
and  sterile,  yet  abounding  with  copper,  iron  and 
lead,  which  promise  to  become  important  items  in 
the  future  commerce  of  the  country.  It  is  dan- 
gerous of  navigation,  being  subject  to  fogs,  mists, 
and  storms,  which  often  prove  disastrous  to  ca- 
noes ;  yet  it  presents  two  harbours  for  vessels 
which  are  rarely  equalled ;  viz.  Grand  Isle  and 
Chegoimegon  bay ;  the  former  being  perhaps  the 
most  capacious,  deep,  and  completely  land-locked 
of  any  in  America.  The  lake  abounds  with  fish, 
and  some  of  the  trout  weigh  50  pounds,  but  it  is 
not  a  favourite  resort  of  water  fowl.  The  waters 
of  the  lake  are  discharged  at  its  S.  E.  corner, 
through  the  straits  of  St.  Mary  into  lake  Huron. 

Supine,  t.  Naples,  13  m.  S.  S.  E  Molise. 

Supply^ s  Passage,  channel  of  the  Pacific  ocean, 


S  U  R 


717 


between  Sirius  island  and  Queen  Charlotte's  isl- 
and. 

Sur,  or  Sour,  t.  Syria,  in  the  Pachalic  of  Saida, 
or  Acre,  the  remains  of  the  ancient  and  celebrated 
Tyre,  on  a  peninsula  which  projects  from  the 
shore  into  the  sea,  in  the  form  of  a  mallet  with  an 
oval  head.  This  head  is  a  solid  rock,  covered  with 
a  brown  cultivable  earth,  which  forms  a  small 
plain  of  about  800  paces  long  by  400  broad.  Tyre 
was  founded  by  the  Sidonians,  even  prior  to  the 
time  of  Joshua.  It  was  comprehended  in  the 
tribe  of  Asher,  though  the  Israelites  were  never 
completely  masters  of  it.  There  were  two  cities, 
the  oldest  of  which  was  called  Palatums,  and  the 
other  simply  Tyre.  The  former  was  on  the  con- 
tinent, and  the  other  on  an  island.  Nebuchadnez- 
zar took  it,  and  destroyed  it ;  but  it  is  not  known 
whether  the  city  razed  by  that  prince  was  Paloe- 
tyrus,  or  the  new  Tyre.  The  prophets  had  fore- 
told its  destruction  and  revival ;  but  as  Ezekiel  had 
expressly  announced  that  the  ancient  city  would 
never  rise  from  its  ruins,  the  most  judicious  writ- 
ers agree  in  thinking  that  the  total  destruction  of 
Tyre  concerned  the  first,  and  its  revival  the  sec- 
ond. However  this  may  be,  this  second  Tyre  con- 
tinued to  be  famous,  and  celebrated  by  its  naviga- 
tion and  commerce.  Syria  and  Phoenicia  had 
been  some  time  under  the  power  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  when  he  made  preparations  for  the  con- 
quest of  this  place.  Built  in  an  island,  it  was  sep- 
arated from  the  continent  by  an  arm  of  the  sea 
half  a  mile  broad.  The  conqueror  made  several 
unsuccessful  attempts  to  take  it ;  but  he  at  length 
determined  to  fill  up  the  strait,  and  unite  the  isl- 
and to  the  continent.  The  city  was  taken  in  the 
seventh  month  after  it  had  been  besieged.  The 
sacred  scriptures  reckon  amongst  the  number  of 
the  illustrious  men  of  Tyre,  king  Hiram,  the 
friend  of  David  and  Solomon,  who  granted  the  ce- 
dars of  Lebanon  for  building,  the  Temple  of  Jeru- 
salem. Two  famous  councils  were  held  at  Tyre  : 
the  first  in  335,  the  other  in  448.  It  now  con- 
tains about  3,500  inhabitants.  Relics  of  ancient 
Tyre  are  every  where  to  be  seen.  Numerous 
and  beautiful  columns  lie  along  the  beach,  or  half 
buried  in  the  sand,  and  the  broken  aqueduct  and 
other  ruins  appear  in  its  vicinity.  18  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Saida,  80  N.  Jerusalem.  Lon.  35°  13' E.  Lat  33° 
13' N. 

Sura,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 55  m.  S.  Rahabeh. 

Sura,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Euphrates,  150  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Bassora,  160  S.  Bagdad. 

Sura,  r.  Norway,  in  Drontheim,  which  runs  in- 
to the  North  sea,  opposite  Christiansand. 

Sura,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Volga,  near 
Vasil. 

Surajepour,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  on  the  Ganges, 
25  m.  N.  N.  W.  Furruckabad. 

Suran,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Viatka, 
32  m,  N.  E.  Sclobodskoi. 

Sural,  city,  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  in  a  large  and 
fertile  plain,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Taptee.  On 
the  land  side  it  is  encompassed  with  two  brick 
walls,  which  divide  it  into  the  Inner  and  the  Out- 
er Town.  The  citadel  stands  within  the  inner, 
on  the  shore  of  the  Taptee,  and  is  divided  by 
trenches  from  the  town.  The  squares  are  large, 
and  the  streets  spacious.  Ships  cannot  enter  the 
harbour,  because  the  Taptee  is  fall  of  sand-banks. 
A  large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  are  Moors,  that 
is  Arabs,  Persians,  Monguls,  and  Turks,  profess- 
ing  Mahomedanism,  but  retaining  some  Pagan 


718 


S  U  R 


rites.  All  people  of  distinction  speak  and  write 
the  Persian  language.  Suratis  celebrated  as  the 
port  whence  the  Mahomedans  of  India  embark  on 
their  pilgrimage  to  Mecca.  The  great  trade  car- 
ried on  at  Surat  renders  it  the  store-house  of  the 
most  precious  productions  of  Hindoostan.  Hither 
is  brought  from  the  interior  an  immense  quantity 
of  goods,  which  the  merchants  carry  in  their  ships 
to  the  Arabic  gulf,  the  Persian  gulf,  the  coast  of 
Malabar,  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  and  even  to 
China.  The  provinces  near  this  city  are  full  of 
manufactures  of  all  sorts.  There  are  3  English 
missionr^ries  here,  with  a  printing  establishment, 
and  the  printing  of  the  New  Testament  in  the  Gu- 
zeratte  language  has  commenced.  112  m.  S.  Ame- 
dabad,  200  VV.  N.  W.  Aurungabad.  Lon.  72'^  49' 
E.  Lat.  21"  12'  N.  Pop.  estimated  at  500,000. 

Surat  Passage,  channel  of  the  E.  Indian  Sea, 
between  the  N.  part  of  Sumatra,  and  Stony  Island, 
Lat.  3°  32'  N. 

Surazsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod  Sieverskoi,  72 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Novgorod  Sieverskoi.  Lon.  32°  22' 
E.  Lat.  54°  N. 

Suren,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  from  the  lake  of 
Sempach,  into  the  Aar,  2  m.  N.  E.  Arau. 

Surgooja,  t.  Hind,  and  capital  of  a  circar,  in 
Orissa,  180  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fatna,  276  W.  Calcutta. 
Lon.  83°  31' E.  Lat.  23"  6' N. 

Surguinerville,  p-v.  Hawkins  co.  Tennessee. 

Surgut,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Oby,  284 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Tobolsk.  Lon.  73°  14'  E.  Lat.  61° 
22' N. 

Surinam,  country,  S.  America,  and  part  of  Gui- 
ana, bounded  N.  by  the  Atlantic,  E.  by  the  river 
Maroni,  S.  by  a  country  of  Indians,  and  W.  by  the 
river  Corentyn ;  about  150  m.  from  E.  to  W.  and 
60  from  N.  to  S.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Surinam,  from  which  the  colony  takes  its  name, 
the  Corentyn,  the  Copenarae,  the  Seramica,  aiid 
the  Marawina.  The  first  only  is  navigable.  The 
banks  of  all  the  rivers  are  inhabited  by  Europe- 
ans, and  planted  with  sugar,  cocoa,  cotton,  and 
indigo.  Though  situated,  like  Guinea,  under  the 
torrid  zone,  the  heats  are  much  more  supportable 
than  those  on  that  part  of  the  African  coast.  The 
scorching  rays  of  the  sun  are  daily  tempered  by 
cooling  breezes  from  the  sea.  In  general,  the  soil 
is  abundantly  fruitful ;  the  earth  during  the  whole 
of  the  year  is  adorned  with  continual  verdure,  the 
trees  loaded  at  the  same  time  with  blossoms  and 
ripe  fruit,  and  the  whole  presenting  to  the  view 
the  delightful  union  of  spring  and  summer.  The 
principal  animals  of  prey  are  tigers;  apes  are 
abundant,  as  likewise  parrots,  scorpions,  a  great 
variety  of  insec;ts  and  serpents  of  an  amazing  size. 
The  rivers  abound  with  alligators,  and  in  the  Sur- 
inam, is  found  that  wonderful  fish  the  electrical 
eel.  This  colony  is  the  only  part  of  South  Ameri- 
ca, at  present  belonging  to  the  Dutch.  Pop. 
6,000  whites,  and  75,000  slaves.  Paramaribo  is 
the  chief  town.  Lon.  53"  40'  to  66°  25'  W.  Lat.  4° 
45'  to  6°  N. 

Surinam,  r.  S.  America,  in  Guiana,  which  af- 
ter a  winding  course  of  about  150  miles,  from  S. 
to  N.  falls  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  6°  25'  N. 
lon.  55"  40'  W.  It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels, 
above  90  miles. 

SuTov,  or  Soroc,  isl,  off  the  coast  of  Norway,  44 
miles  lona:,  and  8  broad.  Lon.  22"  14'  E.  Lat.  70" 
34'  N. 

Surroopour,  circar,  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by 
Rungpour,  E.  bj  Rnngpour  and  Goragot,  S.  by 


S  U  S  I 

Goragot  and  Dinagepour,  and  W.  by  Dinagepotfil^l^ 
Shaumgunge  is  the  chief  town. 

Surn/,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  the  Thames, 
which  divides  it  from  Middlesex,  E.  by  Kent,  S. 
by  Sussex,  W.  by  Hampshire,  and  N.  W.  bv  Berk- 
shire.    Pop.  323,851. 

Surri/,  CO.  Lower  Canada. 

Surry,  p-t.  Hancock  co,  Maine,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Castine.     Pop.  360. 

Surrj/,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  40  m.  S.  W.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  564. 

Surry,  CO.  Va.  on  the  S.  side  of  James  river, 
bounded  N.  by  Charles-city  and  James-city  cos. 
E.  by  Isle -of- Wight,  Southampton  and  Sussex  cos. 
and  W.  by  Sussex  and  Prince  George  cos.  Pop. 
6,855,  including  3,440  slaves.  It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail  of  brick,  8  churches,  3  for  Episco- 
palians, 3  for  Methodists  and  2  for  Baptists. 

Surry,  CO.  in  the  N.  VV.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,366,  including  1,469  slaves. 

Sitrsee,  t.  Switz.  in  Lucerne,  13  m.  N.  W.  Lu- 
cerne, 26  E.  Soleure.  Lon.  7"  55'  E.  Lat.  47°  5'  N. 

Surseff,  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  8  m.  W,  El  Medea, 
38  E.  Cairoan. 

Sursooti/,  fort,  Hind.  114  m.  N.  W.  Delhi.  Lon. 
75°  35'  E.  Lat.  29°  15'  N. 

Sursooty,  r.  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  Sea,  40  m.  S.  W.  Junagur. 

Sursooty,  r.  Hind,  which  joins  the  Caggar,  105 
miles  N.  W.  Delhi.  This  is  one  of  the  seven  sa- 
cred rivers  of  the  Hindoos. 

Sitrlai7iville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel,  13  m.  W.  Valognes,  12  S.  S. 
W.  Chcrburg. 

Survnga,  or  Suisja,  s-p.  Japan,  in  the  island  of 
Niphon,  and  the  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same 
name,  once  the  residence  of  the  emperors.  It  has 
now  fallen  to  decay.     170  m.  E.  Msaco. 

Sus,  r.  Morocco,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
near  Santa  Cruz.  It  gives  name  to  a  province 
which  it  bounds  on  the  south. 

Sur,  or  Sous,  or  Suz,  country,  Africa,  in  Mo- 
rocco, bounded  E.  by  Darah,  S.  by  Nun,  and  W. 
by  the  Atkmtic.  Its  wealth  consists  in  cattle, 
camels,  indigo,  alum,  calamine,  and  red  copper. 
The  principal  towns  are  Tarudant,  and  Aguadir. 

Susa,  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  nf;ar  the  E.  coast,  one 
of  the  most  considerable  towns  of  the  Tunis'^ans, 
24  m.  E.  Cairoan,  54  S.  Tunis.  Lon.  10"  3  E.  Lat. 
35"  46'  N. 

Susa,  t.  Persia,  in  Chorasan,  130m.  S.  E.  Neisa- 
bour.     Lon.  59"  59'  E.  Lat.  36"  16'  N. 

S^tsa.     See  Tostar  and  Suza. 

Susannah,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio 
river,  12  m.  W.  Williamsburg.     Pop.  in  1815,  50 

Susounder,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  35  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Avrah.     Lon.  84°  13'  E.  Lat.  25°  22'  N. 

Susqutkannah,  river,  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in 
the  United  States,  ir,  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
principal  branches,  the  eastern  and  western. 
The  Eastern  branch  rises  in  Otsego  lake,  (N.  Y.) 
and  running  S.  W.  receives  the  Tioga  near  the 
Pennsylvania  boundary.  It  then  flows  first  S.  E. 
and  then  S.  W.  till  it  receives  the  Western  branch 
at  Northumberland,  after  which  the  course  of  the 
river  is  first  S.  and  then  S.  E.  till  it  falls  into  the 
head  of  Chesapeake  bay  near  the  N.  E.  corner  of 
Maryland.  During  the  last  50  miles  of  it*  course 
the  navigation  of  the  river  is  obstructed  by  an  al- 
most continued  series  of  rapids,  but  further  up,  to 
the  union  of  the  two  branches,  there  is  no  obstruc-  • 
tion  which  cannot  be  surmounted  at  a  moderate 


s  u  z 


SWA 


71» 


wtpense.  The  navigation  of  the  river  i3  good  for 
export  trade,  and  immense  quantities  of  lamber 
in  the  form  of  boards,  scantling,  shingles,  &c.  con- 
tinually descend  it  to  Baltimore. 

Smquehannah,  co.  in  the  N.  part  of  Pa.  Chief 
town,  Montrose. 

Sussex,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Surry  and 
Kent,  N.  E.  by  Kent,  S.  E.  and  S.  by  the  English 
Channel,  and  W.  by  Hampshire.     Pop  190,083. 

Sussex,  t.  King's  co.  New  Brunswick,  on  Ken- 
nebecasis  bay. 

Sussex,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  E.  by  New-York, 
N.  W.  by  Delaware  river  which  separates  it  from 
Pennsylvania,  S.  E.  and  S.  by  Bprgen,  Morris,  and 
Hunterdon  counties.  Pop.  25,549.  Chief  town, 
Newtown. 

.  Sussex,  CO.  Delaware,  bounded  N.  by  Kent  co. 
E.  by  Delaware  bay  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  and  W. 
by  Maryland.  Pop.  27,750,  including  2,402  slaves. 
Chief  towns,  Georgetown  and  Lewistown. 

Siissex,  CO.  Va,  bounded  N.  E.  by  Surry  co.  S. 
E.  by  Southampton  co.  S.  W.  by  Greenville  co. 
and  bv  Dinwiddle  and  Prince  George  cos.  Pop. 
11,362,  including  6,640  slaves.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post  office. 

Susser.     See  Tostar. 

Suialary,  t.  Hind,  in  Bengal,  65  m.  S.  Dacca. 
Lon.  90"  i9'  E.  Lat.  22°  40'  N. 

Sutelege,  or  Sctlegc,  or  SutkJ,  r.  Hind,  which 
rises  in  the  mountains  of  Thibet  and  falls  into  the 
Indus  near  Veh. 

SiUer  Point,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  coast  of  Durham. 
Lat.  55°  2'  N. 

Sutherland  Point,  the  S.  point  at  the  entrance 
into  Botany  Bay,  New  Holland. 

Sutherlandshire,  county,  Scotland,  bounded  W. 
and  N.  by  the  sea,  E.  by  the  county  of  Caithness, 
S.  E.  by  the  Frith  of  Dornoch,  and  S.  and  S.  W.  by 
the  county  of  Ross.     Pop.  2;i,6'^9. 

Suthiali,  t.  Abascia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  20  m.  S. 
VV.  Mamak.     Lon.  38"  E.  Lat.  43°  21'  N. 

Sutlej.     See  Sutelege. 

Sufors,  the  two  capes  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay 
of  Croma.rty,  Scotland,  li  miles  apart. 

Sulri,  t.  Popedom,  tlie  see  of  a  bishop,  22  m.  N. 
W.  Rome,  12  S.  Viterbo.  Lon.  12°  15'  E.  Lat. 
42°  13'  N. 

Sudan,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  N.  Hull. 

Sutton,  L  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  2  m.  from  Stockport. 

Sutton,  t.  Bedfoi-d  co.  Lower  Canada,  S.  E. 
Montreal.     Pop.  1,200. 

Sutton,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  20  m.  N.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,328. 

Sutton,  Vt.     See  Billimead. 

Sutton,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass  9  m.  S.  Worces- 
ter.    Pop.  2,660.     See  Millbury. 

Sutton  in  AshH.eld,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire, 
3  m.S.W^  Mansfield. 

Sutton  Colejleld,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  7  m.  N. 
Birmingham,  111  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  48'  W. 
Lat.  52°  34' N. 

Sutton  St.  Mary,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  5  m. 
E.  Holbcach. 

Sawarruw  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  discovered  in  1814,  by  the  com- 
mander of  a  Russian  ship.  They  are  uninhabit- 
ed. Lat.  13°  13'  15"  S.  Lon.  163"  31'  4"  \V.  being 
about  midway  between  Navigator's  and  the  So- 
ciety islands. 

Suza,  city,  Piedmont,  on  the  river  Dora  Ripa- 
ria,  at  the  foot  of  the  Alps,  anciently  called  Secu- 
iium,  or  Segusium,  or  Segussina.  It  has  frequent- 
ly been  sacked  by  armies  which  have  passed  &m\ 


repassed  from  France  into  Italy :  being  situated 
on  the  frontiers  of  France  and  Savoy.  It  is  at 
present  small  and  poor,  with  single  walls,  but  de- 
fended by  a  citadel  with  a  strong  garrison.  23  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Turin,  19  N.  E.  Briancon.  Lon.  T 
10'  E.  Lat.  45°  8'  N. 

Susdal,  t.  Russia,  in  Vladimir,  on  the  Nerl, 
the  see  of  a  bishop,  24  m.  N.  N.  E.  Vladimir.  Lon. 
40°  44'  E.  Lat.  56°  16'  N. 

Suze,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  into  the  lake  of  Bi- 
enne,  1  m.  below  Bienne. 

Sivabia,  formerly  a  circle  of  Germany,  bounded 
N.  by  the  palatinate  of  the  Rhine  and  Franronia, 
E.  by  Bavaria,  S.  by  Switzerland,  the  Lake  of 
Constance,  and  the  Tyrolese,  and  W.  by  France. 

Sivaffhatii,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  15  m.  S.  E.  Lynn, 
94  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  41'  E.  Lat.  52"  39'  N. 

Swale,  {East  and  West,)  the  two  branches  of  the 
Medway;  the  East  Swale  branches  off  to  the 
right,  and  runs  S.  to  the  island  of  Sheppey,  and 
joins  the  Thames,  below  Shelness.  The  West 
Swail,  or  main  stream  proceeds  due  N.  and  joins 
the  Tiiames  at  Sheerness. 

Sicale.  r.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  which  runs  into  the 
Ou!3e,  near  Boroughbridge. 

Swallow  Harbor,  harbor  in  the  straits  of  Magel- 
lan, on  the  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  Lon.  74° 
35'  W.  Lat.  53°  29'  N. 

Swalloto  Island,  one  of  those  called  Queen  Char- 
lotte's Islands,  about  six  leagues  in  length.  Lon. 
165°  58'  E.  Lat.  10°  8'  S. 

Swallow  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Egmont.     Lon.  164°  26'  E.  Lat.  10°  42'  S. 

Swalley,  s-p.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of 
Cambaya,  15  m.  W.  Surat.  Lon.  72°  32'  E.  Lat. 
21°  10'  N. 

Swalm,  r.  Netherlands,  which  runs  into  the 
Meuse,  5  m.  below  Ruremond. 

Swamscot.     See  Exeter  river. 

Swan,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  15  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
tine. 

Swan  Island,  Maine,  divides  the  waters  of  Ken- 
nebeck  river  from  the  chops  of  Merrymeeting 
bay.  It  is  7  miles  long,  and  has  a  navigable  chan- 
nel on  both  sides. 

Swannagc,  or  Swanwich,  v,  Eng.  in  Dorset,  at 
the  S.  E.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of  Purbeck,  6  m.  S. 
W.  Corf  Castle,  122  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  4'  W. 
Lat.  50°  34'  N. 

Swan  river,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into  Lit- 
tle Winnipec  Lake.  It  is  navigable  to  the  fort,  12 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Su-an  river,  r.  N.  Amoi'ica,  which  runs  into  the 
E.  side  of  the  Mississippi.  It  rises  in  Swan  lake, 
and  is  about  60  miles  long. 

Swansborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Onslow  co.  N.  C. 
on  White  Oak  river,  40  m.  S.  W.  Newbern.  Pop. 
100. 

Swansea,  t.  Wales,  in  Glamorgan  co.  situated 
on  a  bay  in  the  Bristol  Cliannel,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Tawy,  for  which  reason  it  is  called  Abcr-Tau. 
The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable  trade  iu 
coals,  pottery,  and  smelting  of  copper  and  lead 
ores.  Pop.  6,009.  55  m.  E.  Haverfordwest,  205 
W.  London.     Lon.  3°  59'  W,  Lat.  .51°  43'  N. 

Swansey,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  44  m.  S.  \N.. 
Concord."    Pop.  1,400. 

Swansey,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  16  m.  S.  Taunton . 
Pop.  1,839. 

Stvanton,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  28  m.  N.  Burlington.     Pop.  1,657. 

Swantown,  t.  Kent'co.  Md,  3  m.  S.  V.  Genr,?^- 
tov/n. 


720 


S  W  E 


Swanville,  t  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  the  VV. 
side  of  Penobscot  river. 

Swarlsluys,  fortress,  Netherlands,  on  the  river 
Vecht,  28  m.  W.  Covorden,  33  N.  Zutphen. 

Swutara,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Susquehan- 
nah  at  Middletown. 

Swatara,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,291. 

Hweasysville,  p-t.  Adanis  co.  Mississippi. 

Siceden,  country,  Europe,  bounded  N.  by  Nor- 
wegian Lapland.  E.  by  Russia,  the  gulf  of  Bothnia 
and  the  Baltic,  S.  by  the  Baltic,  and  W.  by  the 
Scaggerac  and  Norway.  In  1800,  Sweden  con- 
tained  288,160  sq.  miles,  and  3,182,139  inhabit- 
ants. In  1808,  Finland,  containing  99,627  sq. 
miles  and  834,838  inhabitants  was  ceded  to  Rus- 
sia. In  1814,  Norway,  with  161,000  sq.  miles  and 
930,000  inhabitants  was  added,  making  the  whole 
extent  of  the  Swedish  dominions  at  present  inclu- 
ding Norway,  about  350,000  square  miles,  and 
the  population,  3,300,000.  The  established  reli- 
gion of  Sweden  is  Lutheran.  The  revenue  was 
stated  by  Hassel  in  1809,  at  $6,660,000,  and  the 
debt  at  about  $14,500,800.  The  navy  in  1808, 
consisted  of  20  ships  of  the  line,  16  frigates,  and  22 
smaller  vessels,  manned  by  1,500  marines  and 
7,200  seamen.  The  army  in  1808,  consisted  of 
43,275  men.  It  is  situated  between  10°  and  25" 
E.  Ion.  and  55°  and  70°  N.  lat.  The  winter  is 
long,  dry,  and  exceedingly  cold ;  the  summer 
short  and  hot.  The  Swedes  experience  a  rapid 
change  from  the  former  of  these  seasons  to  the  lat- 
ter ;  spring  and  autumn  being  almost  unknown. 
During  the  long  nights  of  winter,  the  moon,  the 
aurora  borealis,  and  the  reflection  of  the  snow, 
produce  a  mild  and  agreeable  light.  In  summer, 
the  sun  remains  so  long  above  the  horizon,  that 
the  night  consists  only  of  a  slight  twilight.  The 
pure  and  sharp  air  which  the  Swedes  breathe, 
renders  them  vigorous,  and  preserves  them  from 
epidemical  diseases.  They  often  attain  to  a  very 
great  age.  The  pine  and  the  fir  are  the  principal 
forest-trees.  Sweden  is  rich  in  iron  and  copper, 
and  has  abundance  of  lead,  marble,  alum,  lime- 
stone, coal,  vitriol,  curious  petrifat-tions,  porphy- 
ry, amethysts,  loadstone,  slate,  talc,  quicksilver, 
sulphur,  mother  of  pearl,  and  in  some  places 
silver.  The  soil  of  the  plains  and  vallies  which 
lie  between  the  hills  and  mountains,  is  very  proper 
for  cultivation ;  and  commerce  and  navigation 
are  greatly  assisted  by  numerous  rivers,  bays,  and 
lakes. 

Sweden,  or  Loi-cl,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  20  m. 
S.  W.  Paris. 

Sweden,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

Swedesborough,  p-t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  Rac- 
coon creek,  3  m.  above  its  mouth,  20  S.  Philadel- 
phia. 

Sicedong,  t.  Burmah,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ava,  10  m.  N.  E.  Pegongmew. 

Sweepstake'' s  Foreland,  cape  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan.     Lon.  7 1"  24'  W.  Lat.  52"  40'  S. 

Sweet  Springs,  p-v.  Monroe  co.  Va.  30  m.  E.  by 
N.  Greenbriar,  93  W.  Staunton.  The  mineral 
springs  are  much  resorted  to  in  the  summer. 

Sweet  ivater  creek,  r.  Kentucky,  which  runs  into 
Bear  creek. 

Siceiny,  t.  Africa,  in  Dar  Fur,  45  m.  N.  Cobbe. 

Sweioe,  small  isl.  in  the  Caspian  Sea,  separated 
from  the  W.  coast  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  the 
Straits  of  Apsheron.  This  island  is  the  place  in 
which  black  and  dark  grey  naphtbi  is  chiefly 
found.    25  m.  E.  Bachu. 


S  V  B 

Swelly,  r.  Ireland,  in  Donegal,  which  runs  into 
the  Foyle,  3  m.  N.  Liflbrd. 

Swift,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Avon,  near 
Rugby,  in  Warwickshire. 

Swift,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into  Saco  river,  in 
Conway. 

Swilly,  small  isl,  13  m.  S.  of  the  South  Cape  of 
New  Holland.     Lon.  147°  6'  E.  Lat.  43°  55'  S. 

Swindon,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  10  m.  N.  Marl- 
borough, 84  W.  London.  Lon.  V  4&'  W.  Lat.  51' 
33' N. 

Swineshead,  v.  Eng.  in  Lincoln,  8  m.  E  Sleaford. 

Swinesund,  t.  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  5  m.  S. 
W.  Frederickshall. 

Swineford,  (King''s,)  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  4 
m.  S.  Wolverhampton. 

Swineford,  (Old,)  t.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  2 
m.  E.  Stourbridge. 

Sicinton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Don,  9  m, 
S.  W.  Doncaster,  165  N.  London. 

Su'isserland,  or  Switzerland,  or  Helvetia,  coun- 
try, Europe,  bounded  N.  by  Baden  and  Wurtem- 
berg,  E.  by  Austria,  S.  by  Austrian  Italy,  S.  W. 
by  Savoy,  and  N.  W.  by  France.  It  formerly 
consisted  of  13  cantons,  viz.  Berne,  Zurich, 
Bale,Schaffhausen,  Lucerne,  Underwalden,  Uri, 
Schweitz,  Friburg,  Zug,  Soleure,  Claris  and 
Appenzel.  In  1803,  the  constitution  underwent 
a  considerable  change,  and  the  country  was 
formed  into  19  cantons.  The  new  cantons  were 
Aargau,  formed  from  a  part  of  the  canton  of  Berne, 
Grisons,  St.  Gall,  Tesin,  Thurgau  and  Vaud.  In 
1815  three  more  new  cantons  were  added,  viz, 
Valais,  Geneva  and  Neufchatel,  making  the  pres- 
ent number  22.     Extent,  18,000  square  miles. 

Switzerland,  especially  in  the  south,  is  compos- 
ed of  high  mountains  and  deep  vallies,  interspersed 
with  beautiful  lakes,  and  abounds  with  the  wildest 
and  most  picturesque  scenery.  The  Alps  run 
along  the  whole  southern  boundary,  and  their 
summits  and  ridges  are  covered  with  glaciers  or 
fields  of  ice  of  vast  extent  and  magnificence. 
These  immense  masses  often  reach  down  the  sides 
of  the  mountains,  even  to  the  borders  of  the  culti- 
vated vallies,  and  resting  in  an  inclined  position 
sometimes  slide  down  the  declivity,  and  in  a  mo- 
ment overwhelm  the  villages  below. 

The  Swiss  are  a  people  of  simple  manners,  in- 
dustrious, brave,  well  educated,  fond  of  liberty, 
and  strongly  attached  to  their  country.  The  pop- 
ulation is  about  2,000,000.  The  cantons  are  in- 
dependent republics,  but  for  the  common  security 
united  in  a  confederacy,  governed  by  a  general 
diet.  The  military  force  in  1809,  was  15,023 
men,  and  there  were  then  from  20  to  .30,000  Swiss 
soldiers  in  foreign  countries.  In  1815,  the  cantons 
raised  an  army  of  30,000  men.  The  inhabitants 
are  either  Calvinists  or  Catholics.  The  cantons 
of  Berne,  Aargau,  Bale,  Schafi'hausen,  Zurich, 
Vaud,  Grisons,  and  three  fourths  of  Glarus,  two- 
thirds  of  Appenzel,  and  Thurgau  are  Calvinistic; 
the  remainder  are  Catholic. 

Switzerland,  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1815,3,500.  Chief  town,  Vevay.  It  was  originally 
settled  by  a  company  ot  Swiss  from  the  Pays  de 
Vaud  in  Switzerland.  The  inhabitants  are  exten- 
sively occupied  in  the  culture  of  the  vine.  The 
average  proceeds  of  this  culture  are  estimated  at 
250  gallons  of  wine  per  acre.     See  Vevay. 

Swords,  t.  Ireland,  7  m.  N.  Dublin. 

Syberg,  or  Sieberg,  t.  Germany,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Ruhr  and  Lenne,  3  m.  S.  W.  Schwiert. 


TAB 


TAB 


721 


Si/bithead,  tupe  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  in 
K^rry,  8  tn.  W.  N.  W.  Dingle.  Lon.  10"  18'  VV. 
Lat.  52"11'N. 

Sycamore,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 

Sycamore  grore,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Sydney  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Norfolk  isl- 
and, in  the  Paciac  ocean.  Lon.  168°  2'  E.  Lat.  29° 
5'N. 

Sydney  Cove,  a  creek  or  harbour  within  Port 
Jackson,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Holland.  The 
town  of  Sidney  on  this  cove  is  the  capital  of  the 
British  colony  of  New  South  Wales.  It  is  a  flour- 
ishing settlement,  containing  7,000  inhabitants,  a 
bank,  with  a  capital  of  20,000Z.  and  several  schools 
and  charitable  institutions.  It  is  perfectly  secure 
from  all  winds.      Lon.  150"  20'  E.  Lat.  32"  53'  S. 

Sydonaia,  t.  Syria,  12  m.  N.  E.  Damascus. 

Syene,  or  Assuan,  city,  Egypt,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Nile.  In  this  town,  situated  under  the  tropic, 
according  to  the  report  of  Strabo,  a  well  was  sunk 
which  marked  the  summer  solstice,  and  the  day 
was  known  when  the  stile  of  the  sun-dial  cast  no 
shade  at  noon  :  at  that  instant  the  vertical  sun 
darted  his  rays  to  the  bottom  of  the  well,  and  his 
image  was  reflected  on  the  water.  Syene  is  at 
present  a  miserable  place,  Avith  a  small  fort.  The 
remains  of  the  ancient  town  are  on  an  eminence 
to  the  S.  Columns  and  pillars  of  granite  scattered 
here  and  there  denote  its  situation.  Here  is  an- 
cient building,  perhaps  the  observatory  of  the  an- 
cient Egyptians.  375  m.  S.  Cairo.  Lon.  49°  48' 
E.  Lat.  24°  N. 

Sylt,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  North  sea,  12  m.  from 
the  W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  40  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence.   Lon.  8"  20'  W.  Lat.  8°  20'  E.  Lat.  54°  55'N. 

Symia,  (an.  Syme,)  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago.    Lon.  27°  34'  E.  Lat.  36°  38'  N. 

Symmes  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Guyandot. 

Synder  Head,  cape,  Denmark,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sleswick.     Lon.  9°  39'  E.  Lat.  55°  1 1'  N. 

Syra,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  12  m.  S. 
Andros.     Lon.  24°  52'  E.  Lat.  37°  27'  N. 

Syracuse,  s-p.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Noto,  and 
formerly  a  superb  city,  and  flourishing  republic  ; 
but  war,  tyranny,  and  earthquakes  have  nearly  de- 
stroyed it.  Of  four  grand  quarters  of  which  the 
city  was  composed,  only  one,  Ortygia,  which  was 
the  smallest,  now  remains  ;  the  other  parts  are 
covered  with  ruins,  intermixed   with  vineyard?. 


fields,  and  gardens.  It  is  however  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  a  good  harbour.  When  Syracuse 
was  besieged  by  the  Piomans,  under  Marcellus,  it 
was  defended  by  the  ingenuity  of  the  celebrated 
Archimedes,  who  framed  such  engines  of  war  as 
quite  disconcerted  the  measures  of  the  Romans  ; 
and  to  his  genius  alone  it  was  owing,  that  the  city 
held  out  nearly  three  years  against  the  utmost  ef- 
forts of  a  consular  army.  71  m.  S.  Messina,  115  S. 
E.  Palermo.  Lon.  16°  14'  E.  Lat.  35°  5'  N.  Pop. 
17,000. 

Syre,  r.  Norway,  which  rises  near  the  mountain. 
Lang,  runs  through  the  vale  of  Syre  into  the  lake 
of  Lunde,  and  afterwards  discharges  itself  into 
the  sea,  20  m.  W.  Syre. 

Syria,  province,  A.  Turkey,  lying  along  the 
eastern  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  extending 
E.  to  the  desert  of  Arabia.  It  lies  between  31" 
and  37"  N.  lat.  The  country  consists  in  a  great 
measure  of  mountains,  which  distribute  themselves 
in  various  directions,  from  one  leading  branch. 
Syria  unites  different  climates  under  the  same 
sky,  and  collects,  within  a  narrow  compass,  pleas- 
ures and  productions,  which  nature  has  elsewhere 
dispersed  at  great  distances.  It  produces,  wheat, 
rye,  barley,  beans,  and  the  cotton  plant ;  indigo, 
tobacco,  the  olive-tree,  the  white  mulberry-tree, 
and  the  vine.  Syria  is  divided  into  five  governments, 
or  pachalics,  viz.  the  pachalic  of  Aleppo,  Tripoli, 
Damascus,  Acre,  and  Palestine  ;  the  whole  of 
which  yields  a  revenue  estimated  at  312,500^ 
sterling.  All  the  troops  of  the  five  pachalics  uni- 
ted amount  to  no  more  than  5,700  men. 

Syston,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicestershire,  6  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Leicester. 

Szalgen,  (Island  of  Serpents,)  small  isl.  in  the 
Black  sea,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Danube.  Lon. 
30°54'E.  Lat.  45°25'N. 

Ssamaili,  t,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the 
Dniester,  45  m.  S.  VV,  Bender. 

Szeben,  t.  Hungary  on  the  Tareza,  30  m.  N, 
Caschau,  48  N.  W.  Ungvar.  Lon.  29°  49'  E.  Lat. 
49°  N. 

Szeben.    See  Hermanstadl. 

Szekely,  or  Szekely-hid,  t.  Hungary,  7  ra.  N.  N. 
W,  St.  Job,  18  E.  S.  E.  Debreczyn. 

Szeksard,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Sarvitz,  18  m.  N 
E.  Funf  kirchen. 

SzpJitze,  t,  Hungary,  5  m,  W.  Chaschau. 


Taaf.     See  Tave. 

Taaif,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,60ni.  S.  E.  Mecca. 

TaanaOi  shiloh,  in  Sac.  Geog.t.  Palestine,  10  m. 
E.  Shechem. 

Taos,  or  Tacts,  city  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  48  m. 
E.  N.  E.  Mocha,     Lon.  44°  10'  E.  Lat.  13"  33'  N. 

Taasinge,  isl.  of  Denmark,  16  miles  in  circum- 
ference, between  the  islands  of  Funen  andLange- 
land.     Lon.  10°  37'  E.  Lat.  55°  N. 

Taawirry,  isl.  on  the  E,  side  of  the  inland  of  Ota- 
heite. 

Tab,  r.  Per.sia,  which  separates  Chu«^istan  from 

91 


Farsistan,  and  runs  into  the  Persian  gulf,  near 
Chintz. 

Tuba  Islands,  4  small  islands  near  the  E,  coast 
of  Borneo.     Lon.  118°  12'  E.  Lat.  2"  6'  N, 

Tabago,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the  coast 
of  Mexico,  about  3  miles  long  and  2  broad.  18  m. 
S.  Panama.     Lon.  80°  9'  W.  Lat.  8"  40'  N. 

TabajarM,  t  Africa,  in  Woolly,  12  m.  VV,  S,  W. 
Medina. 

Taballar  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  cojrst  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  117"  4' E,  Lat.  2°  12' N. 


722 


TAB 


Tabarca,  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Zaine,  60  m.  N.  W.  Tunis. 

Tambarca,  or  Tabaquer,  isl,  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  coast  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Zaine.  It  is  defended  by  a  small  castle.  Lon.  9'' 
Hi'  E.  Lat.  36''  55'  N, 

Tabaria,  or  Taberayan,  or  Tabarieth,  ancient- 
ly Tiberias,  t.  Palestine,  on  the  W.  bank  of  a  lake, 
called  in  the  scriptures  the  Lake  of-Gcnnesarelh^ 
or  the  Sea  of  Tiberias,  and  at  the  foot  of  a  high 
and  sharp  mountain,  surrounded  with  walls  ex- 
cept towards  the  water.  This  town  was  long  the 
capital  of  Galilee,  and  after  the  destruction  of  Je- 
rusalem for  some  time  the  residence  of  the  high- 
priest.     16  m.  S.  Safad,  45  N.  Jerusalem. 

Tabas  Kihki,  or  Tabaskili,  t.  Persia,  in  Chora- 
san,  130  m.  S.  W.  Herat,  290  E,  Ispahan.  Lon. 
S?"  50'  E.  Lat.  33°  N. 

Tabasco,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into  the 
bay  of  Campeachy.  Lon.  93°  40'  W.  Lat.  18°  15'  N, 

Tabasco,  t.  Mexico,  and  formerly  capital  of  a 
province  to  which  it  gives  name,  called  also  by  the 
Spaniards  A'uestra  Sennora  de  la  ViUoria.  It 
stands  on  an  island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Gri- 
jalva  which  divides  itself,  near  the  sea,  into  two 
branches,  of  which  the  western  falls  into  the  river 
Tabasco.  The  island  on  which  the  town  of  that 
name  is  built,  is  about  12  leagues  long,  and  2i 
broad.     Lon.  93"  46'  W.  Lat.  18°  20'  N. 

Tabasseraii,  t.  Persia,  in  Schirvan,  20  m.  W. 
Derbend. 

Tabbajee,  t.  Africa,  in  Neola.  Lon.  1 1°  8'  W. 
Lat.  13"  32' N. 

Tabenne,  isl.  in  the  river  Nile,  between  Dende- 
ra  and  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Thebes. 

Taberg,  t  Sweden,  in  Smaland,  8  m.  S.  Jonkio- 
ping. 

Tabernas,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  13  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Almeria. 

Tabinihintac,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which  runs 
into  the  sea  on  the  N.  E.  coast,  9  m.  from  Mirami- 
chi  river.     Here  is  a  thriving  settlement. 

Tablas,  one  of  the  Philippine  island?,  about  25 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  Lon.  121°  40'  E.  Lat.  12° 
30' N. 

Table  Bay,  bay  of  S.  Africa,  on  the  west  coast, 
formed  by  three  lofty  mountains.  Lon.  18°  15'  E. 
Lat.  33"  50'  S. 

Table  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Spits- 
riergen.    Lon.  20°  30'  E.  Lat.  80°  67'  N. 

Table  Island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  167°  7'  E.  Lat.  15"  38'  S. 

Ihble  Ishmdy  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  island  of  Paraguay.  Lon  118"  2'  E.  Lat.  9° 
15'  N. 

Table  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
93°  32' E.  Lat.  14"  8' N. 

Table  Mountain,  mountain  of  Africa,  near  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Table  mountain,  in  Pendleton  district,  S.  C. 
west  of  Saluda  river,  and  4  m.  from  the  N.  boun- 
'?ary  of  the  State.  It  is  3, 168  feet  higher  than  the 
surrounding  country,  and  4,300  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  On  one  side  is  a  perpendicular  precipice 
oi  solid  rock  900  feet  high. 

TablicT,  Le,  t.  France,  in  the  department  of  tJie 
Vendee,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  La  Roche  sur  Yon,  9  N.  W. 
Lucon, 

7h.bo,  t.  Cooper  co.  Missouri. 

Tabo  Dime,  s-p.  Africa,  on  the  Ivory  coast,  90 
m.  from  Cape  Palmas. 

Taboa,  t,  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Mondego,  9 
m.S.  Viseu. 


T  A  F 

Tabocana,  t.  Africa,  in  Quoja.    Lafi  5°  55'  P*. 

Tabocuru,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan 
tic,  in  lon.  45°  30'  W.  Lat.  2"  40'  S. 

Taboga,     See  Tabaga. 

Taboo,  t.  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a  country  to  the  E 
of  the  Sahara.     Lon.  12°  10'  E.  Lat.  24°  N. 

Tabor,  or  Hradistie  Hory  Tabor,  (i.  e.  The 
Camp  of  Mount  Tabor,)  t.  Bohemia.  By  reason 
of  its  situation  on  a  mountain,  and  the  river  Luz- 
nice,  it  is  naturally  strong.  10  m.  N.  E.  Bechin, 
28  S.  Prague.  Lon.  14°  28'  E.  Lat.  49°  27'  N. 
Pop.  3,226. 

Tabor,  mountain,  Palestine,  mentioned  in  Scrip- 
ture, 48  m.  N.  Jerusalem. 

Tabris.     See  Tauris. 

Tabuk.    See  Tahuk. 

Tacalea,  t.  New  Granada,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Cauca  and  the  Magdalena,  85  m.  S.  E.  Carthage- 
na,  20  N.  W.  Mompox. 

Tacames,  or  Atacames,  a  jurisdiction  of  New- 
Grenada,  situated  N.  of  Guayaquil,  and  W.  of  the 
Andes. 

Tacamas,  s-p.  New  Grenada,,  in  a  bay  of  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  to  which  it  gives  name,  110  m.  N.  W. 
Quito.    Lon.  62°  W.  Lat.  0°  52'  N. 

Tacazzi,  r.  Africa,  and,  next  to  the  Nile,  the 
largest  in  Abyssinia.  It  rises  about  150  m.  E. 
Gondar,  and  joins  the  Nile  at  Ilak,  ia  Nubia.  Lat. 
17°45'N. 

Tachan,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Cochia-china.  Lon.  109°  14'  E.  Lat.  12' 
35' N. 

Tachan,  cr  Tachmv,  t.  Bohemia,  34  m.  W.  PU- 
sen,  72  W.  3.  W,  Pn^ue.  Lon.  12°  40°  E.  Lat. 
49°  47'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Tackumhraet,  (an.  Siga^  or  Sigeicm,')  t  Alricay, 
on  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Tafna,  44  m.  S.  W.  Oran,  15  N.  N.  W 
Tlemsan.     Lon.  0°  55'  W.  Lat.  35" 30'  N, 

Tackramah,  t.  Africa,,  on  the  Gold  coast.  Lon. 
3°  10'  W.  Lat.  4"  52'  N. 

Taepoy,  t.  Thibet,  and  capital  of  a  district,  126 
m.  S.  E^  Lassa,  152  N.  N.  W.  Ghergong.  Lon, 
92°  52'  E.  Lat.  27°  53'  N. 

Tacsli,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the- 
Danube,  near  Kilia,  in  Bessarabia. 

Tademeri.  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  100  m.  N.  E. 
Chittledroog,  140  N.  N,  E.  Seringapatam.  Lon. 
78"  E.  Lat.  14°  35'  N. 

Tadcaster,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  river 
Werf,  9  m.  S.  W.  York,  188  N.  London.  Lon.  1° 
10'  W.  Lat.  53°  53'  N. 

Tadivan,  or  Taduan,  t.  Persia,  in  Faristan,  60 
m.  S.  Schiras. 

Tadmor.     See  Palmyra. 

Tadousac,  t.  Lower  Canada,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Saguenay,  on  the  left  side  of  the  river  St.  Law- 
ence,  100  m.  N.  E.  Quebec.  Lon.  69°  40'  W, 
Lat.  48°  5'  N. 

Tadoun,  or  Tadivan,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Arme- 
nia, on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Lake  oi  Van,  120  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Ercerum,  15  E.  N.  E.  Betlis. 

Tafale,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  be- 
tween the  rivers  Senegal  and  Nunez. 

Tafalisga,  t.  Africa,  in  Jaaga,  at  the  union  of  the 
Falema  with  the  Senegal.  Lon.  10°  12'  W.  Lat. 
14"  42'  N. 

Tafalla,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre.  It  has  an  uni- 
versity. 15  m.  N.  W.  Sanguesa,  15  S.  Pamplona. 
Lon.  1°  43'  W.  Lat.  42°  35'  N. 

Tafara.  t.  Africa,  in  Baoibarra.  on  the  Niger, 
nSm.  S.'W.  Sego.      ■^'■^rc;  -     ■ 


I 


T  A  H 

Tafedalat,  t.  Africa,  in  Sahara,  200  m.  N.  Tom- 
Ductoo.     Lon.  2°  15'  E.  Lat.  1 9"  40'  N. 

Tajilet,  kingdom,  Africa,  forming  part  of  the 
empire  of  Morocco.  It  extends  along  the  E.  side 
of  Mount  Atlas,  Dates  constitute  the  wealth  of 
the  people.  The  town  of  Tafilet,  after  which  the 
kingdom  was  named,  is  140  m.  E.  S.  E.  Morocco. 
Lon.  6"  W.  Lat.  31"  20'  iN. 

Tajilet,  r.  Africa,  which  rises  in  Mount  Atlas, 
and  loses  itself  in  a  lake,  140  m.  S.  Tafilet. 

Tagai,  t.  Russia,  in  Simbirsk,  48  m.  W.  Sim- 
birsk.    Lon.  47°  E.  Lat.  54°  20'  N. 

Taganrock,  t.  and  fort,  Russia,  on  the  sea  of 
Azoph,  32  m.  W.  N.  W.  Azoph.  The  town  is  now 
rapidly  recovering  from  the  ruined  state  in  which 
it  was  left  by  the  Turks,  and  in  1808,  contained 
between  8,(X)0  and  10,000  inhabitants.  It  enjoys 
great  advantages  for  commerce  from  the  facility 
of  its  communication  with  the  interior,  and  is  a 
very  important  commercial  port.  The  principal 
articles  of  export  are  wheat,  tallow,  bees-wax, 
wool,  hemp,  wine,  coal,  isinglass,  fish,  hides,  iron, 
and  canvass.  In  1817,  387  vessels  sailed  from  Ta- 
ganrock with  cargoes  destined  to  Constantinople, 
the  Archipelago,  and  the  Mediterranean.  The 
inhabitants  are  from  many  different  nations. 

Tagavasl.     See  Tagoast. 

Tagasee,  t.  Africa,  260  m.  S.  Mourzouk.  Lon. 
12°  55' E.  Lat.  23"  32' N. 

Taghmon,  t.  Ireland,  in  Wexford,  7  m.  W. 
Wexford. 

Tagiah,  r.  Algiers,  which  runs  into  the  Medi- 
terifanean,  24  m.  E.  Oran. 

Tagioura,  t.  Africa,  10  m.  E.  Tripoli. 

Tagliacozzo,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra,  18  m. 
S.  W.  Aquila,  33  E.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13°  19'  E. 
Lat.  42°  4'  N. 

Tagoast,  or  Tagaost,  or  Tagavast,  t.  Africa,  in 
Sus,  140  m.S.  W.  Morocco.   ' 

Tagolande,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  125" 
ff  E.  Lat.  2°  18'  N. 

Tagou-Zainah,  the  towns  of  Taggah  and  Zai- 
nah,  in  Algiers,  are  contiguous  towns.  50  m.  S. 
W.  Constantia. 

Tagua,  t.  Africa,  250  m.  N.  E.  Bornou.  Lon. 
27°  20' E.  Lat.  19°  10' N. 

Tagus,  or  Ta.jo,  r.  Spain,  which  rises  in  the 
mountains  of  Molina,  which  separate  the  kingdom 
of  Arragon  from  Old  Castile,  passes  by  Aranjuez 
and  Toledo,  crosses  Castile  and^Estremadura,  and 
enters  Portugal  at  Montalvao.  It  then  passes  by 
Abrantes,  Santarem,  &c.  and  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic about  10  miles  below  Lisbon.  This  river  is 
navigable  but  a  little  way  above  Lisbon  on  ac- 
count of  rocks,  and  its  current  is  broken  by  many 
cataracts. 

Tagifpeel,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lon.  117°  54'  E.  Lat.  6°  29'  xN. 

Ta-hooroim,  one  of  the  smaller  Sandwich  isl- 
ands, 9  m.  from  the  S.  W.  part  of  Mowee.  Lon. 
199°  30' E.  Lat.  21°  40' N. 

Tahpenes,  in  Sac.  Geog.  or  Daphene,  frontier 
town  of  Egypt,  next  to  Syria. 

TahrU,i.  Persia,  in  Farsistan,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Persian  gulf,  12  m.  E.  S.  E.  Konkum.  Lon.  52° 
20'  E.  Lat.  27°  45'  N. 

Tahta,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  32  m.  S.  Siut,  187 
S.  Cairo.     Lon.  31°  22'  E.  Lat.  26°  57'  N. 

Tahuk,  or  Tabuk,  t.  Arabia,  in  Nedsjas,  176  m. 
3.  S.  E.  Jerusalem,  260  N.  Madian. 


T  A  I. 


723 


Taibeh,  t.  Syria,  83  m.  E.  S.  E.  Alpppo,  40  N, 
Palmyra.    Lon.  38"  45'  E.  Lat.  35"  10'  N. 

Taillebourg,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  6 
m.  N.  Saintes,  7  S.  S.  W.  St.  Jean  d' Angcly. 

Taimurskaia,  bay,  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  ocean, 
Lon.  94°  10'  to  98"  10'  E.  Lat.  75°  to  77"  N. 

Tain,  t.  France,  in  Drome,  9  m.  W.  N.  W.  Ro- 
mans, 9  N.  Valence.     Pop.  1,410. 

Tain,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ross  co.  on  the  Frith  of 
Dornoch.  It  is  a  royal  burgh.  11  m.  N.  Cro- 
marty, 189  N.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  3°  37'  W.  Lat. 
57°47'N.     Pop.  2,277. 

Tajo.     See  Tagus. 

Tai-oiian,  city  and  seaport  on  Uie  W.  coast  ot 
the  island  of  Formosa,  of  which  it  is  the  capital. 
The  streets  are  almost  all  lined  with  shops  of  silk, 
china  ware,  and  other  commodities.  It  has  nei- 
ther fortifications  nor  walls.  The  harbour  is  shel- 
tered from  every  wind.     Lon.  113°  E.  Lat.  23"^[, 

Tai-ping,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Quang-si,  1,175  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  106" 
34' E.  Lat.  22"  25' N. 

Tai-tcheou,  city,.  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Tche-kiang,  722  m.  S.  S.  E.  Peking.  Lon.  121"  2' 
E.  Lat.  28°  55'  N. 

Taite.     See  Otaheite. 

Tai-tong,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Chan-si,  in  a  mountainous  country,  exposed  to 
the  incursions  of  the  Tartars.  It  is  well  fortified. 
155  m.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  112°  44'  E.  Lat.  40°  5' N. 

Tajuna,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Xarama, 
a  little  before  its  junction  with  the  Tagus. 

Takmitzskaia,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ir- 
tisch,  36  m.  S.  Tara. 

Taconnack,  mountain  in  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  S, 
of  Great  Barrington,  about  3,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Talagos,  t.  Africa,  in  Sierra  Leone.  Lon.  13°  40 
W.   Lat.  10°  20' N. 

Talavera  la  Real,  t.  Spain,  in  Estrcmadura,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Badajoz. 

Talavera  la  Reyna,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  on 
the  Tagus,  35  m.  W.  Toledo. 

Talaveruela,  or  Talavera  de  Badajoz,  t.  Spain, 
in  Estremadura,  on  the  Guadiana,  9  m.  E.  Bada- 
joz. 

Talbert  Port,  v.  Upper  Canada,  on  lake  Erie, 
with  a  fine  harbor,  120  m.  from  fort  Erie. 

Talbert"  s  Island.     See  Talbot  Island. 

Talbot,  CO.  Md.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the 
Chesapeake,  bounded  N.  by  Queen  Anne  co.  E. 
by  Caroline  and  Dorchester  counties,  S.  by  Dor- 
chester CO.  and  W.  by  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop. 
14,230,  including  4,875  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Easton. 

Talbot,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of 
Florida,  8  miles  long,  and 2  wide.  Lon.  81°  42'  W. 
Lat.  30°  36' N. 

Talcan,  t.  Asia,  in  Tokaristan,  100  m.  S.  E, 
Termed.  Lon.  67°  9'  E.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. 

Talcaguano,  seaport  of  Chili,  6  m.  from  Con- 
ception. Lon.  73"  6'  E.  Lat.  36"  42'  N. 

Talgarth,  t.  Wales,  in  Brecknock,  8  m.  N.  E. 
Brecknock,  160  W.  London. 

Ta-li,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Yun- 
nan, 1,205  m.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  100°  E.  Lat. 
25°  45'  N. 

Talihou,  isl.  with  a  lazaretto,  on  the  coast  of 
France,  3  m.  N.  La  Hogue.  Lon.  TO' W.  Lat. 
49°  36'  N. 

Talissc,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 


124 


T  A  M 


TAN 


N.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  124°  50'  E.  Lat.  1" 
40' N. 

Talluda,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  15  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Calloor. 

Tallano,  t.  Corsica,  30  m.  S.  S.  W.  Corte,  24  N. 
Bonifacio.  Lon.  9°  11'  E.  Lai.  41"  33'  N. 

Tallapoosa^  r.  Alabama,  which  unites  with  the 
Coosa,  3  miles  below  fort  Jackson,  to  form  the  Al- 
abama.    It  IS  navigable  35  miles  to  the  falls. 

I'allara,  t.  France,  in  Higher  Alps,  on  the  Du- 
rance, 9  m.  S.  Gap,  15  N.  Bisteron. 

Tallevejide,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  2  m.  S.  W. 
Vire. 

Tallika,  t.  Africa,  in  Bondou,  70  m.  W.  S.  W, 
Fatteconda.  Lon.  11"  40'  VV.  Lat.  13°  56'  N. 

TaUmadge,  p-t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  S.  W. 
Ravenna.  Here  is  an  academy,  a  furnace,  forge, 
and  various  mills. 

Tallow,  t.  Ireland,  in  Waterford,  23  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Corlc,  32  W.  S.  W.  Waterford. 

Talmai/,  t.  France,  in  Cote  d'Or,  at  the  union 
of  the  Vigenne  and  the  Saone.  18  m.  N.  E.  Di- 
jon. , 

Talmond,  seaport,  France,  in  Lower  Charente, 
on  the  Gironde,  14  m.  N.  Bourdeaux. 

Taloo  Harbor,  harbor  on  the  N.  coast  of  Eimeo, 
one  of  the  Society  Islands.  Lon.  210"  E.  Lat.  17" 
30' S. 

Talovka,  r.  Russia,  which  uniting  with  the  An- 
alik,  runs  into  the  Irgis,  32  m.  E.  Volsk. 

Tamaboo,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo. Lon.  109"  21'  E.  Lat.  0"  7'  N. 

Tamalameque,  t.  New  Grenada,  on  the  Magda- 
lena,  160  m.  S.  St.  Martha,  190  S.  W.  Maracaybo. 
Lon.  73"  56'  W.  Lat.  8"  40'  N. 

Taman,  the  strait  or  channel,  which  forms  a 
communication  between  tlie  Black  sea  and  the 
Sea  of  Azoph. 

Tamanah,  seaport.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Mala- 
bar, 54  m.  N.  Goa.  Lon.  73"  15'  E.  Lat.  16"  30'  N. 

Tamar,  r.  Eng.  which  divides  Devonshire  from 
Cornwall,  and  runs  into  the  sea  below  Plymouth. 

Tamar,  in  Sac.  Geog.  place  in  the  S.  border  of 
Palestine. 

Tomara  Isles,  or  Islands  of  Idols,  near  the  coast 
of  Sierra  Leone.    Lat.  8"  40'  N. 

Tamaraca,  or  Tamarica,  or  Ilamarica,  a  district 
of  Brazil,  in  the  jurisdiction  of  Pernambuco.  It 
has  its  name  from  an  island  on  the  coast,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Tamaraca.  The  capital,  called 
J^oslra  Segnora  de  Cmiceizao,  or  da  Tamaraca, 
stands  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  latter 
name. 

Taniarara,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lat.  7"  52'  S. 

Tamaril,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  2  m.  N.  E.  Tar- 
ragona. 

Tamatamque,  or  Villa  de  las  Palmas,  t.  ^few 
Grenada,  on  the  river  St.  Martha,  25  m.  S.  Tene- 
riffe. 

Tamba  Awra,  or  Tatnbaoura,  t.  Africa,  in  Bam- 
bouk,  108  m.  S.  E.  Gallam. 

Tamhopalla,  t.  Peru,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nom- 
bre  de  Dios.  48  m.  S.  Arequipa.  Lat.  17"  10'  S. 

Tambov,  city,  Russia,  the  see  of  a  bishop.  £28 
Bi.  S.  E.  Moscow,  572  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  41" 
4'  E.  Lat.  52"  48'  N. 

Tamborskoe,  government  of  Russia,  bounded  N. 
hy  Vladimir;  E.  by  Nizegorod,  Penza,  and  Sara- 
tov ;  S.  by  Saratov  ;  and  W.  by  Riazan  and  Voro- 
nez ;  about  200  miles  long,  and  from  80  to  100 
broad.  Lon.  38"  30'  to  48"  E.  Lat.  5 1"  36'  to  55" 
20'  N. 


Tambro,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  tlie  Atiantji;, 
near  Muros. 

Tame,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Thames,  at 
Dorchester,  in  Oxfordshire. 

Tame,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Trent,  7  m. 
above  Burton. 

Tame.     See  Thame. 

Tism/Jico,  seaport,  Mexico,  in  a  bay  of  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  30  m.  S.  E.  Panuco.  Lon.  98"  36'  W. 
Lat.  22"  40'  N. 

Tampisco,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  in  lat.  10°38'N. 

Tamworlh,  t.  Eng.  at  the  conflux  of  the  Anker 
and  Tame,  partly  in  Warwickshire,  and  partly  in 
Staffordshire,  7  m.  S.  E.  Litchfield,  114  N.  W. 
London.  Lon.  1"  41'  W.  Lat.  52"  38'  N. 

Tamworlh,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N,  H.  44  m.  S.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  1,134. 

Tanach,  or  Taanach,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the 
tribe  of  Manasseh,  on  this  side  of  Jordan. 

Tanaeim,  or  Tenaiem,  t.  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  30 
m.  S.  E.  Sana. 

Tanak  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
108"  36' E.  Lat.  6"  24' S. 

Tanakaka,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ce- 
lebes. Lon.  119"  42' E.  Lat.  5"  30' S. 

Tanalitzkaia,  fort,  Russia,  in  Upha,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Urdasim  and  Ural,  120  m.  E.  Oren- 
burg. 

Tanaro,  r.  Italy,  which  passes  by  Coni,  Cheras- 
co.  Alba,  Asti,  Alexandria,  &c.  and  joins  the  Po, 
3  m.  E.  Valenza. 

Tancos,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Zezareand  the  Tagus.  21  m.  N.  E. 
Sautarem,  9  S,  Thomar. 

Tanda,  or  Tanrah,  t.  Hind,  for  a  short  time  tin; 
capital  of  Bengal.  It  is  very  near  to  the  site  of 
Gour,  on  the  road  leading  from  it  to  Rajemal.  It 
is  now  deserted. 

Tandla,  t.  Hind,  in  Mvilwah,  150  ra.  N.  E.  Snrat. 
Lon.  74°  30' E.  Lat.  23"  5' N. 

Taneytown,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  27  m.  N.  by 
E.  Frederickfown,  71  from  Washington.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  mills,  and  some  iron  works,  2 
churches,  and  about  100  houses. 

Tangala,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Java. 
Lon.  Ill" 45' E.  Lat.  8"  20' S. 

Tangermunde,  t.  Prvissian  States,  in  Saxony,  24 
m.  N.  Magdeburg,  51  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  12°  2'  E. 
Lat.  52"  32'  N.     Pop.  3,250. 

Tangli.oo,  or  Tenhoa,  t.  Tonquin,  on  a  small  riv- 
er near  the  W.  coast  ol  the  gulf  of  Cochin  China. 
Lat.  19"  40'  N. 

Tangier s,  (an.Tingis,  or  Tinjia,  t.  Fez,  at  the 
W.  entrance  of  the  straits  of  Gibraltar.  The  sit- 
uation is  favourable  to  Moorish  pirates,  who  from 
this,  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait,  may  easily 
surprise  merchant  ships,  that  are  incapable  of  de- 
fence. The  bay  of  Tangiers  is  not  safe  when  the 
wind  is  in  the  west.  108  m.  N.  N.  W.  Fez,  38  W. 
S.  W.  Gibraltar.  Lon.  5°  50'  W.  Lat.  35°  42'  N. 

Tangipao,  r,  Mississippi,  which  runs  into  lake 
Pontchartrain,  10  m.  N.  E.  Manchac. 

Tongolofango,  seaport,  Mexico,  in  Guaxaca, 
lOOm.'S.E.  Guaxaca.  Lon.97°36'W.  Lat.  16" 
8'N. 

Tangouzlic,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  70  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Smyrna. 

Tangulaw,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  Mosquito  shore.  Lon.  83°  55'  W.  Lat.  iS 
35'  N. 

Tangul.    See  Thibet. 


TAP 


TAR 


725 


Tanila,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  Ion.  95°  6'  W.  lat.  18°  10'  N. 

Taninge,  t.  France,  in  Leman,  24  m.  S.  E.  Ge- 
neva, 26  N.  E.  Annecy. 

Tanjore,  country.  Hind,  included  in  the  Carna- 
tic,  bounded  N.  and  W.  by  part  of  the  Carnatic, 
and  E.  and  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Bengal. 

Tanjore,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  country  to  which 
it  gives  name,  situated  in  a  plain  between  two 
branches  of  the  Cauvery.  The  English  Chris- 
tian Knowledge  Society  made  this  city  one  of  their 
missionary  stations  in  1766,  and  there  is  at  pres- 
ent one  missionary  here,  assisted  by  Snative  priests. 
176  m.  S.  E.  Seringapatam,  156  S.  S.  W.  Madras. 
Lon.  79M0'E.  Lat.  10°  46' N. 

Tankrowal,  t.  Africa,  in  Kaen,  near  the  river 
Gambia.  Lon.  14°  27'  W.  Lat.  13"  10'  N. 

Tanna,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  one  of  those 
called  J^ew  Hebrides,  about  22  miles  long,  and  10 
broad.  Lon.  169°  4^1'  E.  Lat.  19°  32'  S. 

Tanna,  t.  Hind,  in  the  island  of  Salsette,  on  the 
E.  coast,  25  m.  N.  E.  Bombay.  Lon.  72°  53'  E. 
Lat.  19°  13'  N.     See  Bombay. 

Tanna,  or  Thann,  t.  Germany,  in  Reuss-Lo- 
benstein,  17  m.  S.  W.  Greitz,  20  S.  Gera.  Lon.  11° 
57' E.   Lat.  50"  25' N. 

Tanna  Belloo,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of 
Borneo.  Lon.  11 8°  21'  E.  Lat.  4"  52'  N. 

Tanna  Mera,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lon.  117°  5'  E.  Lat.  3°  45'  N. 

Tannaser,  t.  Hind,  in  Delhi,  45  m.  N.  E.  His- 
sar,  62  E.  S.  E.  Sirhind.  Lon.  76"  20' E.  Lat.  29" 
31' N. 

Tannenberg,  t.  Prussia,  6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Hohen- 
stein,  15  S.  E.  Osterrod. 

Tanner^ s  Creek,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  2  m.  below  Lawrenceburg. 

Tanore,  t.  Hind,  in  Calicut,  25  m.  S.  g.  E.  Cali- 
cut. Lon.  75°  54'  E.  Lat.  10°  58'  N. 

Tanot,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Severn,  7 
m.  below  Welsh  Pool. 

Tanquanemon,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Superior,  about  30  miles  W.  of  St. 
Mary's  river.  It  is  60  yards  wide  at  its  mouth, 
and  boatable  more  than  20  miles. 

Tantalam,  or  Lignr,  isl.  at  the  entrance  of  the 
g-nlf  of  Siam,  130  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
100°  50'  E.  Lat.  8°  10'  N. 

Tantallan  Castle,  ancient  fort,  Scotland,  in  Ber- 
wick, on  a  rock  overhanging  the  sea,  2  m.  N.  Ber- 
wick. 

Tan-tumqueri,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Gold  coast.  Lon. 
r54'W.  Lat.  5°  20' N. 

Tooneroa.     See  Poverty  Bay. 

Taoo  Island,  one  of  the  Friendly  islands,  24  miles 
j.i  circumference. 

Taormina,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  Valley  Demona,  on 
tiie  E.  coast,  on  a  rocky  hill,  and  much  celebrated 
f  )r  its  marble  and  excellent  wine.  27  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Messina,  24  N.  N.  E.  Catania.  Lon.  15°  23'  E. 
Lat.  37°  51' N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Taouka,  one  of  the  Society  islands.  Lon.  145°  9' 
"SV.  Lat.  14"  30'  S. 

Taparica,  isl.  at  the  entrance  of  All  Saint's  bay, 
on  the  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  13"  S. 

Tapiau,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Pregel,  20  m.  E.  S.  E. 
iConigsberg.  Lon.  21°  13'  E.  Lat.  54°  36'  N. 

Tapoor,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  83  m.  E.  S.  E.  Se- 
ringapatam. 

Tappahannock,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of 
Essex  CO  Va.  on  the  S.  W.  bank  of  the  Rappa- 
hannock, 54  m.  N.  E.  Richmond,  67  from  Wil- 
liamsburg, 117  from  Wa^-hington.     It  is  rrgnlnrly 


laid  out  on  a  fertile  plain,  and  contains  about  100 
houses,  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  an  Episcopal 
church.  Pop.  600.  Amount  of  shipping  in  1816, 
7,285  tons. 

Tappanooly,  seaport  of  Sumatra,  on  the  W. 
coast.  Lon.  98°  12' E.  Lat.  1°40'N. 

Tappan  Sea,  an  expansion  of  Hudson  river,  N. 
Y.  opposite  Orangetown,  35  m.  above  New  York. 
It  is  10  miles  long,  and  4  wide. 

Tappvjah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Judah. 
Another,  on  the  borders  of  Ephraim  and  Manas- 
seh. 

Taptee,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Cambay,  12  m.  below  Surat. 

Tapui-tapera,  t.  Brazil,  on  the  coast,  15  m.  N. 
W.  St.  Luis  de  Marannon. 

Tar,  or  Pamlico,  r.  N.  Carolina,  formed  by  sev- 
eral branches,  which  rise  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State,  It  pursues  a  S.  E.  course,  and  passing 
by  Tarborough,  Greenville,  and  Washington,  falls 
into  the  western  extremity  of  Pamlico  sound.  Its 
whole  length  is  about  180  miles,  and  it  is  naviga- 
ble for  vessels  drawing  9  feet  water,  to  Washing- 
ton, 40  miles,  and  for  boats  carrying  30  or  40 
hogsheads,  to  Tarborough,  50  miles  farther. 

Tara,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch,  220 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Tobolsk,  264  W.  N.W.  Kolivan.  Lon. 
74°  43'  E.  Lat.  57°  N. 

Taransa,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  6°  59'  W.  Lat.  57°  52'  N. 

Tarapaca,  t.  Peru,  in  Arequipa,  on  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lat.  20°  10'  S. 

Tarare,  t.  France,  in  Rhone  and  Loire,  18  m. 
W.  N.W.  Lyons,  13  W.  S.  W.  Villefranche. 

Tarascon,  t.  France,  in  Mouths  of  the  Rhone,  on 
the  Rhone,  with  a  castle.  It  is  opposite  Beaucaire, 
with  which  it  communicates  by  a  bridge  of  boats. 
3  posts  E.  Nismes,  10  N.  W.  Aix.  Lon.  4°  44'  E. 
Lat.  43°  48'  N .     Pop.  1 1 ,  320. 

Tarascon,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Arriege,  on 
the  river  Arriege,  48  m.  S.  Thoulouse,  32  S.  W. 
Carcassonne.  Lon.  1°  41'  E.  Lat.  42"  50'  N.  Pop. 
1,357. 

Tarasova,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena,  12 
m.  S.  Tutura. 

Taraz,  or  Turkestan,  city,  Asia,  and  cap.  of 
Turkestan,  on  a  small  river  which  runs  into  the 
Sir,  250  m.  N.  Samarcand.  Lon.  69°  42'  E.  Lat. 
44"  45'  N. 

Tarasona,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  15  m.  S. 
Alarcon. 

Tarazona,  city,  Spain,  in  Aragon,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  43  m.  N.  W.  Saragossa,  135  N.  E.  Madrid. 
Lon.  1"  43'  W.  Lat.  42"  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Tarbat,  t.  Scotland,  in  Cromarty,  6  m.  E.  Tain. 

Tarbet  J\''ess,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  coast  of 
Ross-shire,  between  the  friths  of  Dornoch  and 
Murray.  Lon.  3"  40'  W.  Lat.  57°  50'  N. 

Tarbe,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Upper  Pyre- 
nees, on  the  Adour,  7i  posts  S.  Auch,  96i  S.  W. 
Paris.     Lon.  0"  8'  E.  Lat.  43"  14'  N.     Pop.  6,777. 

Tarbido  or  Maraszo,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  13  m.  S.  VV.Cosenza. 

Tarborough:  p-t.  Edgecombe  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
W.  side  of 'Tar  river,  85  m.  above  its  mouth^37  S. 
Halifax,  112  S.  by  W.  Petersburg.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  jail,  and  academy.  Pop.  600.  Large 
quantities  of  tobacco,  pork,  beef  and  Indian  corn, 
are  collected  here  for  exportation. 

Tardoirc,  or  Tardouere,  r.  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Charente,  near  Hochefoucault. 

I'aref,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  25  m.  N.  E.  Me- 
dina. 


726 


TAR 


Tarent,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Stour,  3  m. 
S.E.Blandford. 

Tarentaise,  County  of,  province  of  Savoy,  boun- 
ded N.  by  the  lordship  of  Faucigny,  E.  by  the 
duchy  of  Aosta,  S,  by  the  county  of  Maurienne, 
and  W,  by  the  duchy  of  Savoy. 

Tarento,  city,  Naples,  in  Otranto,  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  on  a  small  peninsula,  which  projects 
into  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean  to  which  it  gives 
name.  It  was  anciently  the  capital  of  a  celebra- 
ted republic.  The  inhabitants  employ  themselves 
principally  in  fishing.  It  had  once  an  excellent 
harbor,  but  it  is  now  so  shallow  as  only  to  admit 
fishing  boats.  60  m.  W.  N.  W.  Otranto,  140  E. 
Naples.  Lon.  17°  10'  E.  Lat.  40"  45'  N.  Pop. 
18,457. 

Tarfokirat,  t.  Africa,  in  Fez,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  22  m.  W.  Melilla. 

Targa,  seaport,  Africa,  in  Fez,  90  m.  S.  E.  Tan- 
giers. 

Tariffa,  seaport,  Spain,  in  Seville,  on  a  bay  to 
which  it  gives  name,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  straits 
of  Gibraltar,  fortified  with  old  walls  and  towers, 
with  a  castle,  27  m.  S.  S.  E.  Medina  Sidonia.  Lon. 
5°  41'  W.  Lat.  36"  3'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Tarija,  jurisdiction.  South  America,  in  Buenos 
Ayres.     St.  Bernardo  de  Tarija  is  the  chief  town. 

Tarija,  r.  Buenos  Ayres,  which  runs  into  the 
Vermejo,  in  the  province  of  Tucuman. 

Taricu,  or  Tarkoii,  or  Tarki,  t.  Asia,  in  Dages- 
tan, on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian  sea,  260  ra.  S. 
Astrachan. 

Tarleion,  p-v.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  17  m.  N.  E. 
Chillicothe. 

Tarma,  a  jurisdiction  of  Peru,  with  a  tempe- 
rate climate  and  fertile  soil.  Tarma,  the  capital, 
is  85  m.  E.  Lima.     Lon.  75"  50'  VV.  Lat.  11"  S. 

Tarn,  r.  France,  which  joins  the  Garonne, 
near  Moissac,  in  the  department  of  the  Lot. 

Tarn,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  and 
N.  E.  by  Aveyron,  S.  E.  by  Herault,  S.  by  Aude, 
and  W.  by  Upper  Garonne  and  Lot.  Castrcs  is 
the  capital.     Pop.  295,885. 

Tarna,  t.  Sweden,  ia  Umea,  145  m.  N.  W. 
Umea. 

Tarnac,  t.  France,  in  Corrcze,  on  the  Vienne, 
25  m.  N.  Tulle,  25  E.  Limoges. 

Tarnopol,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  72  ra.  E.  Lem- 
berg.    Lon.  25"  40'  E.  Lat.  49°  IW  N. 

Tarnow,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  52  m.  S.  W.  Sando- 
mir,  40  E.  S.  E.  Cracow.  Lon.  20"  53'  E.  Lat.  49" 
66' N. 

Tamowilz,  t.  Silesia,  near  which  is  a  silver 
mine,  6  m.  N.  Ober  Beuthen,  31  S.  E.  Oppeln. 
Lon.  18"  47'  E.  Lat.  50'^  25'  N.     Pop.  ],500. 

Taro,  r.  which  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
duchy  of  Parma,  and  runs  into  the  Po,  9  m.  E. 
Busseto. 

Tarpaulin  cove,  on  the  coast  of  Mass.  3  leagues 
N.  N.  W.  Holmes'  hole,  in  Martha's  Vineyard. 

Tarpoley,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  11  m.  S.  E.  Ches- 
ter, 178  N".  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  53'  W.  Lat.  53" 
13' N. 

Tarragona,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  a  rising 
groujad  on  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  at  the 
mourn  of  the  river  Francoli,  and  one  of  the  most 
ancient  cities  in  Spain.  It  was  formerly  very 
populous  and  splendad,  but  there  are  now  few  re- 
mains of  its  ancient  grandeur.  The  harbor  is- 
dangerous,  and  not  muc!i  frequented.  It  is,  how- 
ever, the  see  of  an  archbishop.  Pop.  7,500.  98 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Saragossa,  38  W.  S.  W.  Barcelona. 
Lon.  1"  33'  E.  Lat.  41"  8'  N. 


T  A  S 

Tarrary  circar  of  Hind,  in  Allahabad,  about  35 
miles  long  and  12  broad. 

Tarrega,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Cervera, 
5  m.  W.  Cervera,  30  N.  Tarragona.  Lon.  0°  19' 
E.  Lat.  41"  36' N. 

Tarring,  t.  Eng.  in  Sussex,  17  m.  W.  Bright- 
helmstone,  57  S.  London.  Lon.  0"  23'  W.  Lat. 
50"  29'  N. 

Tarshish,  in  Sac.  Geog.  (an.  Tartessm,)  city 
and  country  of  Spain,  the  most  celebrated  place 
of  trade  in  the  West,  for  the  Phoenicians  and 
Hebrews.  Silver,  iron,  tin,  and  lead  were  brought 
thence  to  Tyre. 

Tarsus,  seaport,  A.  Turkey,  at  one  time  the 
capital  of  Cilicia;  and  in  the  time  of  St.  Paul  the 
inhabitants  enjoyed  the  privileges  of  Roman  citi- 
zens. It  is  now  inhabited  by  "Turks,  Greeks,  and 
Armenians.  It  is  large,  and  is  surrounded  with  a 
double  wall.  St.  Paul  was  a  native  of  this  city. 
It  is  3  miles  from  the  coast,  25  W.  Adana,  105  W. 
Alexandretta.     Lon.  34°  37'  E.  Lat.  37"  1'  N. 

Tarlary.  This  word  in  its  most  extensive  sense, 
contains  all  that  vast  country  of  Asia,  which  lies 
between  the  Frozen  sea,  to  the  north,  and  Persia, 
Hindoostan,  and  China,  to  the  south,  and  includes 
a  great  variety  of  nations,  to  which  is  applied  the 
general  name  of  Tartars  or  Tatars,  with  a  par- 
ticular one  often  apjilied  from  their  local  situation. 
Tartary  may  be  divided  into  three  parts,  viz.Chi- 
nese  Tartary,  Independent  Tartary,  and  Russian 
Tartary.  Chinese  Tartary  is  bounded  N.  by  Si- 
beria, E.  by  the  gulf  of  Kamtschatka  and  the  sea 
of  Japan,  S.  by  China  and  Thibet,  and  W.  by  In- 
dependent Tartary.  The  principal  tribes  who 
wander  over  this  vast  region,  are  the  Mon,o:uls 
and  the  Mandshurs.  The  Eluts  and  the  Kalkas 
arc  branches  of  the  Monguls.  Independent  Tar- 
tary includes  all  the  country  between  Chinese 
Tartary  and  Ihe  Caspian  sea.  It  is  inhabited 
principally  by  the  Kirghises  in  the  north,  and  the 
Usbecks  in  the  south.  It  enjoys  a  fine  climate  and 
fertile  soil.     For  Russian  Tartary,  see  Siberia. 

Tartas,  t.  France,  in  Landes,  36  m.  N.  E.  Bay- 
onne,  15  W,  S.  VV.  Mont  de  Marsan.  Lon.  0"  44' 
W.  Lat.  43"  50'  N.     Pop.  3,212. 

Tartaskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  at  the  union  of 
the  Om  and  the  Tartas,  40  m.  W.  S.  VV.  Kainsk. 

Tarudant,  t.  Africa,  in  Sus,  almost  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  empire  of  Morocco.  It  was  form- 
erly the  capital  of  a  small  kingdom.  110  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Morocco,  43  E.  S.  E.  Santa  Cruz.  Lon.  8" 
35'  W^.  Lat.  30"  20'  N.     Pop.  25,000. 

Tarvis,  or  Tarwis,  t.  Austrian  states,  46  m.  N. 
N.  VV.  Trieste,  28  VV.  S.  VV.  Clageofurt.  Lon.. 
15°33'E.  Lat.  46"  34' N. 

Tarusu,  t.  Russia,  in  Kaluga,  on  the  Oka.  Lon. 
36"34'E.  Lat.  54"  52' N. 

Tasco,  t.  Mexico,  in  Mechoacan,  90  m.  S.  E. 
Mechoacan,     Lon.  101"  36'  V\^  Lat.  19°  5'  N. 

Tashkund,  or  Taschkund,  or  ^l  Shash,  t.  Tur- 
kestan, on  the  Sir,  210  m.  N.  Samarcand.  Lon. 
64"48'E.  Lat.  42°  40' N. 

Tasievskci,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tasie- 
va,  820  m.  E.  Tobolsk,  448  E.  N.  E.  Kolivan. 
Lon.  94"  14'  E.  Lat.  57°  N. 

Tasman's  Head,  cape  on  the  coast  of  V^an  Die- 
men's  Land.  Lon.  147"  28'  E.  Lat.  43'  .33'  N. 

Taspour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  27  m.  E.  Hajypour. 
Lon.  85"  51'  E.  Lat.  25°  52'  N. 

Tassasudon,  or  Tassey  Sedddn,  t.  Asia,  and  cap- 
ital of  Bootan,  206  ra.  .S.  W.  Lassa,  242  N.  E.  Pat- 
na.    Lon,  89"  12'  E.  Lat.  27"  45'  N. 


T  A  V 


T  A  U 


727 


Tasso,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Sierra  Leone. 

Tasso.     See  Thmo. 

Tata,  or  Dotis,  t.  Hungary,  built  in  the  midst  of 
water  and  swamps,  with  a  castle,  20  m.  W.  Gran, 
18  S.  Raab. 

Tartarskoi,  fort,  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  on  the  E. 
dde  of  the  Irtisch.  Lon.  85°  34'  E.  Lat.  53° 
44' N. 

Tate,t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  S.  of  Williamsburg. 

Taliaiiskaia,  fort,  Russia,  in  Saratov,  on  the 
Volga,  12  m.  S.  E,  Tzaritzin. 

Tatischeva,  fort,  Russia,  in  Upha,  on  the  Ural, 
98  m.  W.  Orenburg. 

Tainall,  co.  Geo.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Alata- 
maha.     Pop.  2,206,  including  542  slaves. 

Talta,  city,  Asia,  in  Sindy,  supposed  to  be  built 
on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Pattala,  on  the  Indus. 
This  city,  was,  in  the  I7th  century,  very  exten- 
sive and  populous,  with  a  great  trade ;  possessing 
manufactures  of  silk,  wool,  cotton,  and  cabinet- 
ware.  It  is  now  much  reduced.  136  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Amenabad,  340  S.  S.  W.  Moultan.  Lon.  67° 
38' E.  Lat.  24°  54' N. 

Tattah,  t.  Africa,  150  m.  S.  S.  E.  Morocco. 
Lon.  6°  15'  W.  Lat.  28°  25'  N. 

Tatlenhall,  t.  En-,  in  Staffordshire,  2  m.  W. 
Burtou  upon  Trent. 

Tallcrshall,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  20  m.  S. 
Louth,  127  N.  Loudon.  Lon  0°  11'  W.  Lat.  52° 
25' N. 

Tattuhl,  (an.  Tadutli,)  t.  Algiers,  25  m.  S.  Con- 
stantina. 

Tavui,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Siam.     Lon.  97°  52'  E.  Lat.  13°  N. 

Tavai  Poenatmnoo,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  be- 
ing the  most  southerly  of  tlie  two  which  ibrm  New 
Zealarjd,  and  separated  from  the  northern  island 
by  a  channel  called  Cook's  straits.  It  is  about 
500  miles  long  fronn  S.  W,  to  N.  E.  and  from  55  to 
140  broad.  Lou.  184"  4o  to  193°  18'  W.  Lat.  40° 
36'  to  47°  20'  S. 

Tavasthus,  or  Kronehoriiy  t.  Russia,  in  Finland, 
with  a  castle  well  fortified,  80  m.  N.  N.  E.  Abo. 
Lon.  24"  15' E.  Lut.61°  1' N. 

Tauber,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Maine, 
at  Wertheim. 

Taucha,  t.  Saxony,  6  m.  N.  E.  Leipsic,  7  S.  S. 
W.  Eulenburg.  Lon.  12°  30'  E.  Lat.  51°  22'  N. 
Fop.  1,100. 

Taucael,  or  Tuchel,  t.  Prussian  states,  44  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Dantzig,  10  S.  E.  Schlochau. 

Tarda,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Tobol,  40 
m.  S.  Tobolsk. 

Taudeny,  t.  Africa,  in  the  Sahara,  270  m.  N.  N. 
\V.  Tombuctoo.     Lon.  1°  25'  W.  Lat.  21°  15'  N. 

Tare,  or  Taff,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Se- 
vern, below  Cardiff. 

Taverna,  i.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  15  m.  N. 
S^uillace. 

Tavernes,  t.  France,  in  Var,  3  m.  N.  Barjols. 

Tavjepour,  t.  Bengal,  60  m.  S.  S.  W.  Calcutta. 
I. on.  87°  45'  E.  Lat.  21°  52'  N. 

Taujepour,  t.  Bengal,  32  m.  E.  Purueah.  Lon. 
33°  11'  E.  Lat.  25°  48'  N. 

Taujepour,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  15  m.  N.  Chup- 
j-ah.     Lon.  81°  50'  E.  Lat.  26°  2'  N. 

Tavira,  or  Tavila,  seaport,  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garve,  1)1  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lisbon,  12  W.  Castroma- 
i-in.    Loa.  7°  35' W.  Lat.  37°  7' N.     Pop.  4,770. 

TavUtock,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  14  m,  N.  Ply- 
mouth, 206  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon,  4°  13'  W. 
Lat.  50"  36' N.     Pop.  4,723. 


Taule,  t.  France,  in  Finisterre,  3  m.  N.  W.  Mor- 
laix,  6  S.  S.  E.  St.  Polde  Leon. 

Taumaco,  t.  Greece,  in  Thessaly,  30  m.  S.  La- 
rissa. 

Taumago,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  25 
miles  in  circuit.  It  produces  bananas,  cocoa- 
trees,  palms,  sugar-cane,  and  also  many  kinds  of 
nutritious  roots.     Lon.  169"  25'  E.  Lat.  10°  S. 

Taume,  r.  England,  which  runs  into  the  Mersey 
at  Stockport. 

Taunda,  t.  Hind,  in  Oude,  50  m.  S.  E.  Fyzabad. 
Lon.  82"  53'  E.  Lat.  26°  32'  N. 

Taunton,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  The  woollen 
manufacture  formerly  flourished  in  this  town,  but 
of  late  years  it  has  decayed.  A  silk  manufacture 
was  introduced  here  in  1780.  Taunton  is  an  an- 
cient borough,  and  has  returned  members  to  par- 
liament from  the  year  1294.  Pop.  6,997.  31  ra. 
N.  E.  Exeter,  140  W.  London.  Lon.  3"  16'  W. 
Lat.  50°  59' N. 

Taunton,  r.  Mass.  which  rises  in  Plymouth  co. 
and  running  S.  VV.  empties  into  Narraganset  b.ay. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to  Taunton,  20 
miles. 

Taunton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Taunton  river,  21  m.  E.  Providence, 
36  S.  Boston.  It  is  a  pleasant  town  and  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  bank,  2  cotton  fac- 
tories, a  paper-mill,  5  religious  societies,  2  of  Con- 
gregation alists,  2  of  Baptists,  and  1  of  Friends. 
The  manufacture  of  iron  has  long  been  carried 
on  in  this  town,  and  there  are  at  present  1  furnace, 
1  nail  manufactory,  and  3  rolling  and  slitting  mills 
in  operation.     Pop.  3,907. 

Taunton  Dean,  valley,  Eng.  extending  about 
30  miles  long,  in  Somerset. 

Taurida,  or  Tavricheskaia,  {the  province  ofTau' 
ris,)  government  of  Russia,  bounded  N.  by  Eka- 
terinoslav,  E.  by  Caucasus,  S.  by  the  Black  sea, 
and  W.  by  Cherson,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  Dnieper.  It  has  a  fine  climate  and  fruitful 
soil,  and  includes  the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea. 
See  Crimea. 

Tauris,  or  Tabris,  city,  Persia,  in  Azerbijan, 
situated  in  a  plain  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain.  It 
has  neither  walls  nor  fortifications.  Through  it 
passes  a  little  river  called  Spingtcha,  which  some- 
times swelling,  carries  away  the  houses  on  its 
banks.  Here  are  many  magnificent  structures ; 
the  bazars  are  crowded  with  people,  and  filled 
with  vast  quantities  of  merchandize.  There  are 
said  to  be  300  caravanseras,  which  are  so  spacious 
that  300  persons  may  lodge  in  each;  and  thft 
mosques  and  baths  are  answerable  to  the  gran- 
deur of  the  other  buildings.  The  largest  square 
at  Tauris  is  sufficiently  spacious  to  contain  30,000 
men  in  order  of  battle.  The  commerce  of  this 
city  extends  not  only  over  all  Pei-sia,  but  into 
Turkey,  Russia,  Tartary,  the  Indies,  and  to  the 
Black  sea.  180  m.  8.  S.  E.  Erivan,  402  N.  N.  W. 
Ispahan.  Lon.  46°  31'  E.  Lat.  38°  20'  N.  Pop. 
estimated  by  Morier  in  1808,  at  250,000. 

Taurus,  a  mountain  of  Asia,  which  is  said  to 
extend  from  the  sea  coast,  opposite  Rhodes,  to  the 
extremities  of  Tartary  and  China,  under  differ- 
ent names. 

Toms,  or  Domazlitz,  t.  Bohemia.  26  m.  S.  S.  W.- 
Pilsen,  63  S.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  12°  52'  E.  Lat.  49° 
25'  N.     Pop.  3,010. 

Tauste,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  25  m,  N.  W.  Sara- 
gossa.     Pop.  3,200. 

Tauves,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  15  m.  W 
Besse.  24  S.  W.  Clermont.     Pop.  2,110, 


728 


T  C  H 


Taiy,  r.  Eng.  which  joins  the  Tamur,  2  m.  be- 
low Saltash. 

TavB^  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Bristol  chan- 
nel, below  Appledore,  forming  a  large  bay  at  its 
mouth,  called  Barnstaple  Bay. 

Tawally,  one  of  the  Molucca  islands,  25  miles 
long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  5  to  9  broad.  Lon. 
127"  14' E.  Lat.  0°21'S. 

Tawandec,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah,  12  m.  S.  E.  Tioga  point. 

Tawandee,  i.  Bradford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  788. 

Tawton,  v.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  3  m.  S.  Barn- 
staple. 

Tawy^  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  tlie  sea  at 
Swansea. 

Tay,  r.  Scotland,  which  passes  through  Loch 
Tay,  and  runs  into  the  German  sea  below  Perth, 
forming  a  large  bay  at  its  mouth,  called  The 
Frith  of  Tay.    Lon.  2°  50'  W.  Lat.  56°  25'  N. 

Tay,  r.  Ireland,  in  Waterford,  which  runs  into 
the  sea,  7  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dungarvan  bay. 

Taya,  r.  Austria,  which  joins  the  Marsch,  4  m. 
N.  N.  E.  Hockenau. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.  Shelby  co.  Ken. 

Tazewell,  co.  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Va.  Pop. 
3,007,  including  328  slaves. 

Tasewell,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clairborne  co.  E.  Ten- 
nessee, 35  m.  N.  Knoxville. 

Tavoskaia,  gulf,  Russia,  joined  to  the  Obskaia 
gulf,  about  140  miles  long  and  3  broad.  Lon.  76° 
to  80°  E.  Lat.  67°  40'  to  69'  N. 

Tchabischi,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Amur, 
40m.  N.N.  E.  Stretensk. 

Tchagodo,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  240  m.  N.  E. 
Novgorod,  88  N.  N.  W.  Vologda.  Lon.  38°  44'  E. 
Lat.  60°  30' N. 

Tcliagodo,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Molo- 
ga,  16  m.  N.  Estiuzna. 

Tchaia,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Lena, 
Dear  Tchamska,  in  Irkutsk.  Lon.  109°  34' E.  Lat. 
58°  5'  N. 

Tchang-tcha,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Hou-quang,  on  the  Heng  river,  742  m.  S.  Peking. 
Lon.  112"  25'  E.  Lat.  28"  11'  N. 

Tchan-te,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Ho- 
nan,  255  m.  S,  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  114°  E.  Lat. 
36°  6'  N. 

Tchani,  lake,  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  200  miles  in 
circumference,  100  m.  VV.  N.  W.  Kolivan. 

Tcharonda,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  on  the  Sula, 
188  m.  E.  N.  E.  Novgorod.  Lon.  37"  34' E.  Lat. 
59°40'N. 

Tchastija.  isl.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena, 
112  m.  N.E.Kirensk. 

Tche-kiang,  province,  China,  bounded  N.  and 
N.  W.  by  Kiang-nan,  E.  by  the  sea,  S.  by  Fokien, 
and  S.  VV.  by  Kiang-si,  about  200  miles  long  from 
N.  to  S.  and  "from  120  to  180  broad. 

Tchenbar,  t.  Russia,  in  Penza,  80  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Penza.     Lon.  43°  30'  E.  Lat.  52°  52'  N. 

Tchcng-te,  isl.  in  the  Eastern  sea,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Corea,  10  miles  long  and  6  broad.  Lon. 
128°  37'  E.  Lat.  34°  20'  N. 

Tchernisov,  t.  Russia,  and  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment, on  the  Desna,  344  m  S.  S.  W.  Moscow, 
520  S.  Petersburg.  Lon.  31°  14'E.  Lat.  51°24'N. 

Tchemikeh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  24  m.  N. 
Amasia.     Lon,  36°  38'  E.  Lat.  40°  26'  N. 

Tchemoiyar,  t  Russia,  in  SHratov,  200  m.  N.  W. 
Astrachan,  296  E.  N.  E.  Azoph.  Lon.  46°  4'  E. 
Lat.  47°  54' N. 

Tcheskaia,  gulf  in  the  Frozen  ocean,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Russia.  Lon.  45°  to  47°  E,  Lat.  66°  50^ 
to  77°  40'  N. 


TEC 

Tchesme,  t  Asia  Minor,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the 
peninsula  of  Erythroe,  opposite  the  island  of  Scio, 
on  the  ruins  of  Cyssus,  at  the  head  of  a  spacious 
road. 

Tching-kiang,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiangnan,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Yang-tse,  470  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Peking.     Lon.  118°  55'  E.  Lat.  32°  14'  N. 

Tching-tcheou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Hou-quang,  765  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  109° 
40'  E.  Lat.  28°  23'  N. 

Tching-ling,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Pe-tche-li,  137  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  114°  20' 
E.  Lat.  39"  9'  N. 

Tching-tou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Se- 
tchuen,  formerly  the  residence  of  the  emperors, 
8 10  miles  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  J  03°  44'  E.  Lat.  30° 
40'  N. 

Tchiuna,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Tun- 
guska,  56  m.  S.  E.  Eniseisk,  Lon.  94°  34'  E.  Lat. 
57°  54'  N. 

Tchong-king,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Se-tchuen,  one  of  the  most  commercial  cities  of 
the  province.  It  is  at  the  confluence  of  two  large 
rivers,  750  miles  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  106°  19'  E. 
Lat.  29°  42'  N. 

Tchudskoi,\^e,  Russia,  between  the  govern- 
ments of  Petersburg  and  Riga :  about  64  miles 
long,  and  from  8  to  24  broad.  Lon.  27"  to  27°  28' 
E.Lat.  58°to59°10'N. 

Tchukotskija,  the  most  eastern  province  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Irkutsk.  Lon.  157°  to  159°  E.  Lat  63°  to  73^ 
20'  N. 

Tchvkotskoi,  cape  of  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  Si- 
beria, at  the  entrance  of  the  straits  which  divide 
Americafrom  Asia.  Lon.  199°  14'  E.Lat. 66°  15' N. 

Tci-nan,  or  Tsi-nan,  city,  China,  of  the  first 
rank,  in  Chan-tong,  S.  of  the  river  Tsing-ho^  or 
Tsi,  235  m.  S.  Peking.  Lon.  116°  46'  E.  Lat.  36° 
46'  N. 

Tcin-tcheoii,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Chang-tong,  230  m.  S.  S.  E.  Peking.  Lon.  \W 
20' E.  Lat.  36°  46' N. 

Tcilcicar  Hotun,  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  built  to 
guard  the  frontiers  of  the  Chinese  empire  from  the 
Russians,  355  m.  N.  E.  Peking.  Lon.  123°  30'  E. 
Lat.  47°  25' N. 

Tea,  r.  Eng.  in  Buckingham,  which  runs  into 
the  Ouse,  near  Stony  Stratford. 

Teaches,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Northumber- 
land CO.  Va. 

Teaki,  isl  in  the  Mediterranean,  20  miles  long, 
and  four  broad,  anciently  called  Ithaca.  Lon.  21" 
40^  E.  Lat.  38°  47'  N. 

Tease's  valley,  p-v.  Kenhawa  co.  Va. 

Tebesta,  t.  Africa,  in  Tunis,  on  the  borders  of 
Algiers,  where  are  found  several  beautiful  ruins^ 
130  m.  S.  S.  W.  Tunis. 

Tebiqnari,  r.  S.  America,  which  joins  the  Iquay, 
to  form  the  Rio  Grande,  in  lat.  30"  55°  S. 

Teceut,  or  Techeil,  t.  Africa,  in  Sus,  150  m.  S. 
W.  Morocco. 

Teche,  r.  Louisiana,  which  joins  the  Atchafa- 
laya,  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.     It  is  navigable  45  miles,  to  New  Iberia. 

Teck,  an  ancient  castle  of  Wurtemburg,  12  m. 
S.  E.  Stuttgart. 

Tecklenburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia, 
formerly  capital  of  a  county  to  which  it  gave 
name,  7  m.  S.  W.  Osnabruck.  Lon.  7"  35'  E.  Lat. 
52°  15'  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Tecklenburg,  formerly  a  county  and  principali- 
ty of  Germany,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  bish- 
oprick  of  Osnabruck,  and  S.  and  W.  by  the  bish- 
oprick  of  Munater ;  about  20  miles  long,  and  10 


T  E  I 


T  E  M 


729 


broad.     It  is  now  included  in  the  province  of 
Westphalia,  in  the  Prussian  States. 

Tecoantapeque,  seaport  t.  Mexico,  ICO  ra.  S.  E. 
Acapulco.    Lon.  99°  10'  W.  Lat.  16"  2'  N. 

TtcrLl,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Mosul,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Tigris,  120  m.  S.  Mosul,  90  N.  N.  W.  Bag- 
dad.   Lon.  42"  37'  E.  Lat.  34"  37'  N. 

Teculet,  t.  Africa,  in  Morocco,  near  the  coast 
of  the  Atlantic,  15  m.  E.  Mogador,  99  N.  W.  Mo- 
rocco. 
j  Tedburi/,  or  Tetbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  on 
the  Avon,  20  m.  S.  Gloucester,  99  W.  London. 
Lon.  2"  11' W.  Lat.  51"  47  N. 

Tedford,  v.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Horncastle. 

Tedif,  t.  Syria,  21  m.  E.  Aleppo. 

Tedltt,  or  Tadila,  province  of  Morocco,  which 
'extends  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Atlas  to  the  bor- 
ders of  Fez  and  Algiers. 

Tednesf,  or  Tedoest,  t.  Africa,  in  Morocco,  40  m. 
N.  E.  Mogador,  90  W.  N.  W.  Morocco. 

Teebakan,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lon.  117"  39'  E.  Lat.  7"  52'  N. 

Teerrau'hilie,  the  S.  VV.  point  of  the  northern- 
most island  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  184°  12' E.  Lat. 
41°2rS. 

Tees,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  German  Ocean, 
10  m.  below  Stockton,  in  lat.  54"  42'  N.  It  forms 
a  boundary  between  the  counties  of  York  and 
Durham, 

Teesta,  or  Yo  Sanpoo,  r.  Asia,  which  runs  into 
the  Ganges  bv  tv/o  streams ;  one  25  miles  N.  tlie 
other  80  E.  S.E.  Moorshedabad, 

Tefee,  t.  Brasil,  in  Para,  on  the  Amazon,  220  m. 
W.  Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Tefessad,  or  Tfessad,  t.  Algiers,  32  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Algiers.     Lon.  2"  54'  E.  Lat.  36°  32'  N. 

Teflis,  t.  Asia,  cap.  of  Georgia,  and  see  of  a 
bishop,  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  on  the 
river  Kur.  It  is  surrounded  with  strong  walls, 
except  towards  the  river;  and  has  a  large  fortress 
at  the  declivity  of  the  mountain.  It  contains  1 
Roman  Catholic,  13  Greek,  and  7  Armenian 
churches,  and  is  the  residence  of  the  Russian  gov- 
ernor, 100  m.  N.  N.  E.  Erivan,  225  N.  E.  Erze- 
rum.  Lon.  45"  20'  E.  Lat.  42°  20'  N.  Pop.  about 
15,000. 

Tefza,  t.  Morocco,  70  m.  N.  E.  Morocco.  Lat. 
31"  40'  N. 

Tegadoo  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  most 
northern  island  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  181"  14' 
W.  Lat.  38"  10'  S. 

Tegasn,  t.  Africa,  in  Zenhaga  ;  300  m.  from  the 
Atlantic,  and  400  S.  Cape  Non.     Lat.  22"  20'  N. 

Tegerby,  or  Teigarea,  t.  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  68  m. 
S.  Mourzouk.     Lon.  15"  5'  E.  Lat.  26"  17'  N. 

Tegern,  t.  Bavaria,  28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Munich. 

Teglio,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Valteline,  20  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Morbegno,  20  S.  VV.  Bormio. 

Tegoma,  t.  Africa,  in  Asoudan,  50  m.  S.  .\gades. 
Lon  12°  30'  E.  Lat.  19"  10'  N. 

Tehama,  a  sandy  belt  which  surrounds  the  pen- 
insula, of  Arabia,  beginning  at  Suez,  and  extend- 
ing to  the  mouth  of  the  Red  sea.  Its  breadth  va- 
ries ;  it  is  however  generally  about  two  days  jour- 
ney from  the  sea  shore  to  the  rise  of  the  hills.  It 
bears  every  mark  of  having  bieen  anciently  a  part 
of  the  bed  of  the  sea. 

Teignttiouth,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the 
English  Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Teign,  15 
m.  S.  Exeter,  1 18  VV.  S.  VV.  London.  Lon.  3°  29' 
W.  Lat.  50°  28'  N.     Pop.  2.0f!O. 

92 


Teinitz,  t.  Bohemia,  26  m.  S.  W.  Pilsen,  68  S. 
W.  Prague.     Lon.  12°  57'  E.  Lat.  49°  30'  N. 

Teinitz,  t.  Moravia,  27  m.  S.  S.  E.  Brunn. 

Teisback,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  1  ra.  VV.  Din- 
gelfingen,  13  E.  N.  E.  Landshut, 

Ttilli,  r,  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  Forth, 
2  m.  above  Stirling. 

Teketanoak,  or  Ci/pnis  creek,  r.  Alabama,  which 
flows  into  the  N.  side  of  Tennessee  river,  below 
Florence. 

Tckoa,  V.  Palestine,  built  by  Rehoboam  king  of 
Judah.  It  was  the  native  place  of  the  prophet 
Amos,     9  m.  S.  Bethlehem. 

Telabib,  in  Sac.  Geog.  probably  the  same  as 
Thelabba,  a  country  of  Mesopotamia,  between 
lon.  53°  and  54°  E.  lat.  36°  and  37°  N. 

Telanise,  r.  Asia,  which  forms  the  N.  boundary 
of  the  kingdom  of  Queda,  separating  it  from  Low- 
er Siam,  and  runs  into  the  sea,  in  lon.  99°  42'  E. 
lat.  6°  55'  N, 

Telese,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  the  see  of  a  bishop, 

18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Capua,  12  N.  VV.  Benevento.  Lon. 
14°  32' E.  Lat.  41°  12' N. 

Telelzkoi,  or  AUinskoi,  lake  of  Russia,  in  KoH- 
van ;  52  m.  long,  and  10  wide,  120  m.  S.  E.  Biisk. 
Lon.  87"  14'  E.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 

Telfair,  co.  Geo.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Oakmul- 
gee.  Pop.  744,  including  218  slaves.  At  the 
court-house  is  a  post  office, 

Telget,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  5  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Munster. 

Tell,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  i  m.  from  Waterloo. 

Telles,  s-p.  Africa,  in  Fez,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  120  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tangiers. 

TelUchery,  city.  Hind,  on  the  coast  of  Malabar, 
belonging  to  the  English,  and  defended  by  lines. 
The  situation  of  the  town  is  beautiful  and  healthy  : 
pepper  is  the  great  article  of  trade.  It  is  one  of 
the  stations  of  the  English  Church  Missionary  So- 
ciety. 48  m.  N.  N.  W.  Calicut,  246  S.  S.  E,  Goa. 
Lon.  7.5°  20'  E.  Lat.  1 1°  15'  N. 

Tellico,  p-t,  Blount  co.  Tennessee,  on  tlie  N. 
bank  of  Tennessee  river,  at  the  confluence  of  Tel- 
lico river,  50  m.  S.  VV,  Knoxville. 

Telligl,  t.  Germany,  in  the  bishopric  of  Mun- 
ster, witli  a  rich  abbey,  on  the  Ems,  3  m,  from 
Munster. 

Tello,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes,  and  cap.  of 
a  kingdom.     Lon.  120"  2'  E.  Lat.  5°  S. 

Teltow,  t.  Prussian  States,  ni  Brandenburg,  10 
m.  S.  Berlin.     Lon.  13"  15'  E.  Lat.  52'  23'  N. 

Teyne,  or  Team,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the 
Severn,  2  m.  below  Worcester. 

Temes,  r.  Hungary,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube, opposite  Belgrade. 

Temesvar,  t.  Plungarj',  on  the  river  Beg,  which 
forms  a  morass  round  it.  It  is  strongly  fortified, 
and  is  the  capital  of  a  bannat,  the  residence  of  a 
governor,  and  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop.  The 
fortress  is  a  castle  with  walls  nine  feet  thick,  and 
requires  a  garrison  of  14,000  men.  The  bannat 
of  Temesvar  contains  about  450,000  inhabitants. 
52  m.  N.  N.  E.  Belgrade,  250  S.  E.  Vienna.  Lon. 
21°  E.  Lat.  45"  49'  N.     Pop.  10,097. 

Temissah,  t.  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  where  the  cara- 
vans from  Bornou,  Tombuctou,  and  Mourzouk, 
usually  stop,  to  provide  stores.  80  m,  E.  Mour- 
zouk, 12  E.  Zuela. 

Tempelburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania, 

19  m.  VV.  New  Stettin,  40  E.  Stargard.     Lon.  16" 
12'  E.  Lat.  53°  29'  N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Temple,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  40  ra.  N.  W, 
Augnpta.     Pop.  482; 


730 


TEN 


Temple,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  30  m.  B. 
Concord.    Pop.  941. 

Templeton,  t.  York  Co.  Lower  Canada,  on  Otta- 
wa river,  N.  W.  of  Montreal. 

7'emplelon,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  27  m.  N. 
W.  Worcester,  60  W.  N  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,205. 

Templin,  t.  Prussian  States  in  Brandenburg,  be- 
tween the  Bodensee  and  Dolgensee.  It  carries  on 
a  large  trade  in  timber.  15  ra.  S.  W.  Prenzlow, 
34  N.Berlin.  Lon.  13°  34' E.  Lat.  53'^  5' N.  Pop. 
2,600. 

Temsena,  province,  Morocco,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Atlantic,  to  the  south  of  Bailee. 

Tenasserim,  t.  Lower  Siam,  44  m.  S.  E.  Mergui. 
Lon  98"  50'  E.  Lat.  1 1"  35'  x\. 

Tenasserim,  isl  near  the  coast  of  Siam.  Lon. 
97"  20'  E.  Lat.  12°  28'  N. 

Tenbury,  or  Tembury,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcester- 
shire, situated  on  the  Teme,  19  m.  N.  W.  Worces- 
ter, 130  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  26'  W.  Lat.  52° 
21'  iN. 

Tenby,  or  Tenbigh,  s-p.  Wales,  in  Pembroke,  at 
the  head  of  a  small  bay,  called  Tenby  Road,  12  m. 
E.  Pembroke,  233  W.  London.  Lon.  5"  8'  W.  Lat. 
61°  38'  N. 

Tench's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon. 
150°  31'  E.  Lat.  1°  39'  S. 

Tenda,  t.  Africa,  cap.  of  a  country  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Gambia.  Lon.  1 1° 
65'  W.  Lat.  13°  2'  N. 

Tenda,  t.  Piedmont,  situated  at  the  union  of  the 
Roia  and  Brogna,  22  m.  N.  E.  Nice,  17  S.  Coni, 

Tenedos,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  about 
20  m.  in  circumference,  near  the  coast  of  Asia,  and 
the  Dardanelles.  Us  position  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Hellespont  has  always  made  it  important. 
Vessels  bound  to  Constantinople  find  shelter  in  its 
ports.  The  principal  article  of  export  is  wine. 
The  town  of  Tenedos  contains  6,000  inhabitants. 
Lon.  26°  E.  Lat.  39°  53'  N. 

Tenember,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea,  12  miles 
long  and  3  broad.     Lon.  132°  45'  E.  Lat.  6°  30'  S. 

Tenen,  or  Knin,  t.  Dalmatia,  on  the  borders  of 
Bosnia,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop,  48  m.  S.  Bihacs. 

Teneree,v.  Syria,  in  Aleppo,  10  m.  N.  Shogle. 

Teneriffe,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  the  second 
in  dignity,  but  the  first  probably  in  wealth,  and 
fertility.  The  form  is  triangular,  extending  itself 
into  three  capes,  the  nearest  being  about  eighty 
leagues  from  the  coast  of  Africa.  The  celebrated 
peak  of  Teneriffe  is  12,176  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  Although  the  top  appears  sharp,  yet  it  is 
flat  for  the  extent  of  an  acre  of  ground,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  a  dreadful  volcano,  which  frequent- 
ly brealfs  out  into  flames,  so  violent  as  to  shake 
the  whole  island.  Smoke  constantly  issues  from 
the  mountain,  near  its  summit,  but  no  eruption 
has  occurred  since  1704,  when  the  port  of  Garra- 
chico  was  destroyed,  and  the  harbor  filled  by  the 
lava.  The  island  is  divided  in  the  middle  of  a 
ridge  of  mountains,  which  have  been  compared  to 
the  roof  of  a  church,  the  peak  forming  the  spire  or 
steeple  in  the  centre.  A  large  part  of  the  island 
is  rocky,  but  the  remainder  produces  wheat,  rye, 
barley,  and  the  vine.  See  Canaries.  Lon.  of  the 
Peak,  according  to  Capt.  Cook,  16°  43'  33"  W.  Lat. 
28°  18' N. 

Teneriffe,  t.  S.  America,  in  Caraccas,  80  m.  S. 
S.  W.  St.  Martha,  70  S.  E.  Carthagena,  Lon.  74° 
30'  W.  Lat.  10"  2'  N. 

Tenna,  r.  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  4  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Fermo. 

Tennessee,  one  of  the  U.  S.  bounded  N.  by  Ken- 


TEN 

tucky ;  E.  by  North  Carolina ;  S.  by  Georgia,  Al- 
abama, and  Mississippi ;  and  W.  by  Mississippi 
river,  which  separates  it  from  Arkansaw  territory. 
It  lies  between  35°  and  36°  30'  N.  lat.  and  betwpen 
81°  30'  and  90°  10'  W.  lon.  It  is  430  miles  long, 
104  broad,  and  contains  40,000  square  miles,  or 
25,600,000  acres.  Pop.  in  1790,  35,691  ;  in  1800, 
105,602;  in  1810,  261,727,  of  whom  44,535  were 
slaves,  and  1,317  free  blacks ;  and  in  1820,  422,505. 
The  number  of  militia  in  1821,  was  36,146. 

The  Cumberland  mountains  run  from  S.  W,  to 
N.  E.  through  the  centre  ol  the  state,  and  divide 
it  into  East  Tennessee  and  West  Tennessee. 
East  Tennessee  is  intersected  by  mountains,  but 
the  vallies  between  the  ridges  are  fertile.  West 
Tennessee  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly,  and 
contains  much  fertile  soil,  particularly  on  the 
banks  of  the  rivers.  The  principal  productions 
are  cotton,  tobacco,  wheat,  hemp,  and  Indian 
corn.  The  three  first  are  exported  in  large  quan- 
tities. The  usual  route  to  a  market  is  down  the 
Tennessee  and  Cumberland  rivers  to  the  Ohio, 
and  thence  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to  New- 
Orleans.  This  course  is  very  circuitous,  and  it  is 
expected  that  a  road  or  canal  will  soon  be  formed, 
connecting  Tennessee  river  with  some  of  the 
branches  of  the  Tombigbee,  which  will  shorten 
the  distance  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  more  than  one 
half.  Cattle  are  raised  in  large  numbers  in  East 
Tennessee,  and  sent  to  the  seaports  on  the  Atlaif- 
tic.  Foreign  goods  imported  into  the  state  have 
hitherto  been  brought  from  Philadelphia  and  Bal- 
timore to  East  Tennessee  in  waggons;  and  to 
West  Tennessee,  principally  in  waggons  as  far  as 
Pittsburg,  and  thence  by  water  down  the  Ohio 
and  up  the  Cumberland. 

The  climate  of  Tennessee  is  generally  healthy. 
The  season  of  vegetation  commences  6  or  7  weeks 
sooner  than  in  New-Hampshire,  and  continues  as 
much  later.  Snow  falls  seldom,  and  does  not  lie 
long.  Ten  inches  is  a  deep  snow,  and  10  days  an 
extraordinary  term  for  its  duration.  Cumberland 
river  has  been  frozen  but  3  or  4  times  since  the 
settlement  of  the  country.  The  western  part  of 
the  state,  included  between  Tennessee  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers,  was  recently  in  possession  of  the 
Chickasaws,  but  has  been  ceded  by  them  to  the 
United  States.  The  Cherokees  own  a  large  sec- 
tion in  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  state,  on  both  sides 
of  Hiwassee  river. 

The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  and  house  of 
representatives,  the  members  of  which,  together 
with  the  governor,  are  chosen  biennially  in  Au- 
gust. The  principal  denominations  of  Christians 
are  Methodists,  Baptists,  and  Presbyterians. 
There  are  nominally  4  colleges  in  the  state ;  1  at 
Greenville,  1  at  Knoxville,  1  at  Nashville,  and  1 
in  Washington  county. 

Tennessee,  r.  U.  States,  formed  by  several 
branches  which  rise  in  the  western  parts  of  Vir- 
ginia and  the  Carolinas,  and  unite  a  little  west  of 
Knoxville.  It  runs  S.  W.  through  the  state  of 
Tennessee  into  Alabama ;  it  then  turns  and  runs 
N.  W.  through  Tennessee  into  Kentucky,  and 
empties  into  the  Ohio  near  its  mouth.  Its  course 
resembles  the  letter  V.  It  is  navigable  to  the 
Muscle  Shoals,  259  miles,  at  all  seasons  of  thfc 
year.  Here  it  spreads  out,  and  becomes  so  shal- 
low, that  it  is  difficult  for  boats  to  pass,  when  the 
water  is  low.  Above  the  shoals  there  is  no  ob- 
struction for  250  miles,  till  you  come  to  the  Suck 
or  Whirl,  where  the  river  breaks  through  the 
Cumberland  mountains.    The  river  is  here  com- 


T  E  R 


T  E  R 


731 


jSf^ssed  to  a  width  of  about  70  yards.  Just  as  it 
enters  the  mountain,  a  large  rock  projects  from 
the  northern  shore,  which  causes  a  sudden  bend 
I  in  the  river;  the  water  is  thrown  with  great 
i  violence  and  rapidity  against  the  southern  shore, 
j  whence  it  rebounds  around  the  point  of  the  rock, 
and  produces  the  whirl.  Boats  ascend  and  de- 
scend tlie  whirl  wihout  much  danger  or  difficulty. 

Tennessee,  ridge,  mountains  of  Tennessee  which 
separate- the  waters  of  the  Tennessee  and  Cum- 
berland rivers. 

Tennis,  t.  Egypt,  on  an  island  in  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  28  m.  S.  E.  Damietta.  Lon.  32°  14' 
E.  3r2'N. 

Tennis,  or  Tniss,  s-p.  Algiers,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean  opposite 
a  small  island,  24  m.  W.  Shershell,  1 10  W.  Algiers. 
Lon.  r  10'  E.  Lat,  36°  33'  N. 

Tensaw,  r.  Alabama,  the  eastern  outlet  of  Mo- 
bile river.  It  leaves  the  main  stream  7  m.  below 
Fort  Stoddert,  and  flows  into  Mobile  bay  6  m.  E. 
of  the  western  outlet. 

Tensaw,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Alabama,  near 
Mobile  bay. 

Tensaw,  r.  Louisiana,  which  joins  theWachitta 
on  the  E.  at  the  opposite  mouth  of  the  Ocatahoola, 

Tenremonde.     See  Dende.rmonde. 

Tenstadt,  t.  Prussian  States,  Saxony,  11  m.  N, 
W.  Erfurt,  14  E.  Mulhausen.  Lon.  10°  55'  E. 
Lat  51°  8'  N.     Pop.  2,300. 

Ten-tcheou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Chan-tong,  on  the  sea  shore,  with  a  convenient 
harbor,  250  m.  S.  E.  Peking.  Lon.  120"  44'  E. 
Lat.  37°  48' N. 

Tenterden,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  remarkable  for  its 
lofty  steeple,  26  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tunbridge,  56  S.  E. 
London.     Lon.  0°  41'  E.  Lat.  51°  4'  N.  Pop.  2,786. 

Teoatzinco,  t.  Mexico,  in  TIascala,  20  m.  E. 
Tlascala. 

Tepiru,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  18  m.  N.  W.  St.  Yago 
del  Estero. 

Tepkas,  Russian  settlement  in  N.  America,  on 
Beering's  Strait.     Lon.  1 12°  4'  E.  Lat.  66"  N. 

Teplitz,  t.  Bohemia,  14  m.  W.  N.  W.  Leitmeritz. 

Tequendamah  falls.     See  Bogota,  Rio,  de. 

Ter,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 20  m.  E.  Gerona. 

Teramo,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ultra ;  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Aquila,  108  N.  Naples. 
Lon.  13°  49'  E.  Lat.  42"  37'  N. 

Terank,  t.  Egypt,  on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Nile, 
18  m.  N.  W.  Cairo,  48  S.  Faoua.  Lon.  30°  45'  E. 
Lat.  30°  30' N. 

Tercera,  or  Terceira,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands, 
64  m.  in  circumference.  The  only  tolerable  port 
is  the  harbor  of  Angra.  The  island  is  pleasant 
healthy  and  fertile,  producing  excellent  vines, 
wheat,  lemons,  oranges,  &c.  Lon.  27°  6'  W.  Lat. 
38°  45'  N. 

Tirchiz,  or  Tcrshiz,  t.  Persia,  in  Chorasan,  for- 
merly a  celebrated  fortress,  120  m.  W.  N.  W.  He- 
rat.    Lon.  57"  12'  E.  Lat.  35°  N. 

Tergovilz,  or  Tergovista,  t.  and  cap.  of  Walla- 
chia,  64  m.  S.  E.  Hermenstadt,  180  E.  N.  E.  Bel- 
grade.   Lon.  25°  29' E.  Lat.  45°  3' N.    Pop.  5,000. 

Terki,  or  Terek,  or  Turk,  r.  Russia,  which  runs 
into  the  Caspian  Sea,  near  Turkin. 

Terki.     See  Turkin. 

Termed,  or  Tarmad,  t.  Grand  Bukharia,  at  the 
union  of  two  large  rivers,  whose  united  streams 
form  the  Jihon,  130  m.  S.  Samarcand,  50  N.  Balk. 
Lon.  65°  48' E.  Lat.  37°  30' N. 


Termeh,  or  Karmili,  r.  A.  Turkey,  which  runs 
into  the  Black  Sea,  30  m.  N.  E.  Samsoun. 

Termination  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on 
the  S.  VV.  coast  of  Psew  Holland.  Lon.  122°  8'  E. 
Lat.  34"  32'  S. 

Termini,  t.  Sicily,  on  the  N.  coast,  celebrated 
for  its  warm  baths,  18  m.  E.  Palermo.  Lon.  13° 
45'  E.  Lat.  38°  5'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Termini.     See  Termoli. 

Termoli,  or  Termini,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata ; 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  57  m.  VV.  Vieste,  84  N.  N.  E. 
Naples.     Lon.  15°  5'  E.  Lat.  42°  2'  N. 

Tern,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Severn,  7  m. 
below  Shrewsbury. 

Temate,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea,  and  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  Moluccas  or  Spice  Islands,  of  a  circu- 
lar form,  and  about  18  m.  in  circumference.  In 
the  centre  is  a  lofty  volcanic  mountain.  The  pro- 
ductions are  cocoa-nuts,  bananas,  yams,  oranges, 
and  other  fruits  ;  but  the  principal  arficle  of  com- 
merce is  cloves.     Lon.  127 "  10'  E.  Lat.  0°  50'  N. 

Ternay,  Bay  of,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Chinese 
Tartary.     Lon.  137°  29'  E    Lat.  45°  13'  N. 

Terneuse,  t.  Flanders,  on  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Scheld,  called  the  Hondt,  12  m.  S.  E.  Flushing,  25 
W.  N.  W.  Antwerp. 

Temiy  (an.  Interamnium,)  t.  Popedom,  in  the 
duchy  of  Spoleto,  between  two  arms  of  the  Nera. 
It  is  well  built,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  14  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Spoleto,  40  N.  Rome.  Lon.  12°  37'  E.  Lat. 
2°  34'  N.     Pop,  7,000. 

Ternova,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  95  m.  E. 
Sophia,  200  N.W.Constantinople.  Lon.  25°  24' 
E.  Lat.  43"  N. 

Ternova,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  on  the  Pe- 
neus,  5  m.  W,  N.  W.  Larissa. 

Terra  Australis  del  Espiritu  Santo,  isl.  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  and  the  most  westerly  as  well  as 
the  largest  of  those  called  J^etc  Hebrides,  60  miles 
long  and  30  broad.  Lon.  166°  45'  to  167'^  32'  E. 
Lat.  14°  40' to  15°  40' S. 

Terra  Firma,  a  niune  formerly  applied  to  the 
country  now  called  New  Granada,  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  South  America. 

Terra  del  Fuego,  '■'■the  land  ofjire,''^  isl.  sepa- 
rated from  the  southern  extremity  of  America  by 
the  straits  of  Magellan.  The  country  is  dreary 
and  uncomfortable,  consisting  of  a  chain  of  stu- 
pendous rooks,  continually  covered  with  snow. 
Lon.  51°  20'  to  58"  W.  Lat.  52°  30'  to  55"  35'  S. 

Terra  Jirma  of  Mingan,  seigniory,  extending 
from  Cape  Cormorant,  in  Northumberland  co. 
Lower  Canada,  along  the  Labrador  channel,  to 
Goynish  river  in  Labrador. 

Terra  Mngellanica.     See  Patagonia. 

Terracina,  (an.  Anxur,)  t.  Popedom,  in  the 
Campagna  di  Homa,  situated  in  a  very  fruitful  but 
marshy  country.  It  had  once  a  harbor,  which  is 
now  choked  up.  20  m.  W.  Sezza,  47  S.  E.  Rome, 
Pop.  9,000. 

Terra  J^ova,  seaport,  Sicily,  in  a  gulf  or  bay  of 
the  Mediterranean,  50  m.  W.  Syracuse,  14  E.  S. 
E.  Alicata.  Lon.  14"  10'  E.  Lat.  37°  N.  Pop. 
7,500. 

Terra  J^uova,  t.  Sardinia,  on  a  bay  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, 57  m.  E.  N.  E.  Sassari,  102  N.  Cagliari. 
Lon.  9°  40'  E.  Lat.  40°  52'  N. 

Terrasson,  t.  France,  in  Dordogne,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Montignac,  25  E.  Perigueux.  Lon.  1°  22'  E.  Lat. 
45°  7'  N. 

Terre  aux  Boeufs,  settlement,  Louisiana,  just 
above  the  English  turn,  in  the  river  Mississippi. 

Terre  bonne,  seigniory,  Effingham  co.  Lewei" 


t^ 


T  E  T 


T  H  A 


Canada,  on  St.  Jean  river,  15  m.  N.  W.  Mon- 
treal. 

Ttrre  Haute,  settlement,  Vigo  co.  Indiana,  on  a 
tract  of  high  prairie  land,  on  the  E.  bank  ol"  the 
Wabash,  3  m.  below  Fort  Harrison.  Here  is  a 
post-office. 

Terressn,  one  of  the  Nicobar  island?,  about  15 
miles  long.     Lou.  93°  36'  E.  Lat.  8°  20'  N. 

Terriore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  24  m.  N. 
Trichinopoli,  87  S.  W.  Pondicherry.  Lon.  78" 
45' E.  Lat.  ir  12'N, 

Terryville,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Tertri/,  v.  France,  in  Aisne,  9  ni.  \V.  St.  Quen- 
tin. 

Teruel,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Guadalaviar  and  the  Alhambra;  the  see  of  a 
bishop ;  72  m.  S.  Saragossa,  134  E.  Madrid.  Lon. 
1"  VV.  Lat.  40°  32'  N.     Pop.  5,200. 

Tescheyi,  or  Teissin,  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  which 
gives  name  to  a  circle.  It  is  on  the  Elsa,  partly 
in  a  valley  and  partly  on  a  hill,  and  surrounded 
by  a  morass ;  26  ra.  S.  E.  Ratibor,  30  E.  Troppau. 
Lon.  18°  41'  E.  Lat.  49°  43'  N.     Pop.  5,379. 

Tesegdelt,  t.  Morocco,  80  m.  VV.  N.  W.  Morocco, 
20  S.  Mogador. 

Tesijio,  r.  Italy,  which  rises  in  Mount  St.  Go- 
thard,  and  passing  through  lake  Maggiora,  falls 
into  the  Po,  at  Pavia. 

Tesino,  or  Tessin,  t.  Tyrol,  24  ra.  N.  E.  Trent, 
29  S.  E.  Bolzano. 

Tesoro,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near  the 
coast  of  South  America.  Lon.  75°  46'  W.  Lat. 
10"  8'  N. 

Ttst  or  Tese,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  Southamp- 
ton Water. 

Testa  di  Moro,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lon.  9°  53'  E.  Lat.  40°  45'  N. 

Testigos,  Los,  small  islands,  10  leagues  from  the 
continent  of  South  America.  Lon.  62°  5'  W.  Lat. 
ll'-'25'N. 

Tel,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 7  m.  E.  Perpignan. 

Tetbury.     See  Tedbury. 

Ttte  de  Buck,  La,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
S.  side  of  a  large  bay,  called  The  Harbor  of  Ar- 
cachon,  the  entrance  oi  which  is  dangerous ;  30 
Ol.  S.  W.  Bourdeaux. 

Ttihuroa,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  subject  to 
Otaheite,  24  m.  N.  W.  Point  Venus.  Lon.  149° 
3«.)'  W.  Lat.  17°  4'  S. 

Teton,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  flows  into 
the  Missouri.  Its  mouth  is  1,263  miles  from  the 
Mississippi. 

Telriim,  t.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  near  the  White 
sea,  100  m.N.  N.  W.  Archangel. 

Tctschin,  or  Tetsin,  or  Dietschin,  t.  Bohemia, 
on  the  E'iie,  40  m.  N.  Prague.  Lon.  14°  17' E. 
Lat.  50°  46'  N. 

Tettenhal,  or  Telnal,  v.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  2 
m.  N.  W.  Wolverhampton. 

Tetinans:,  t.  Wurtemberg,  8  m.  N.  Liudau,  18 
E.  N.  E.  Constance.     Po}).  1,.300. 

Tettua  Molv,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land, the  N.  E.  point  of  Poverty  bay.  Lon.  181° 
30'  W.  Lat.  38"  36'  N. 

Tetuan,  or  Telieget,  or  Teleiven,  t.  Africa,  on  the 
coast  of  Fez,  about  lialf  a  mile  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean, inhabited  bv  Moors  and  Jews,  30  m.  S.  E. 
Tangicrs.  Lon.  5°  20'  W.  Lat.  35°  30'  N.  Pop. 
5,000. 

Telyan  Head,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Mindanao.     Lon.  124°  36'  E.  Lat.  7'  20'  N. 


Teuchem,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  in  Thu- 
vingia,  18  m.S.  W.  Leipsic,     Pop.  700. 

Teuffen,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Appenzel,  6  m.  N. 
N.  VV.'  Appenzel,  4  S.  S.  E.  St.  Gall. 

Tevjing,  or  Tauzim,  t.  Bohemia,  22  m.  N.  W, 
Pilseu.     Lon.  13°  5'  E.  Lat.  50"  2'  N. 

Teupitz,  t.  Prussian  states,  20  m.  S.  Berlin.  Lon. 
13°30'E.  Lat,  52°  5' N. 

Teurert,  or  Tevrert,  t.  Fez,  on  the  borders  of  Al- 
giers, 40  m.  E.  N.  E.  Teza.  Lon.  3°  30'  W.  Lat. 
34°  2'  N. 

Teuschnitz,  t.  Bavaria,  34  m.  N.  E.  Bamberg, 
12  N.  Culmbach.  Lon.  11°  30'  E.  Lat  60°  23'  N. 
Pop.  714. 

Tewkesbury,  t.  England,  in  Gloucester,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Severn  and  the  Avon.  Near  this 
town  was  fought  a  most  bloody  battle  between  the 
parties  of  York  and  Lancaster,  which  put  a  final 
period  to  the  power  of  the  latter.  Tewkesbury 
is  at  present  chiefly  distinguished  for  its  manufac- 
ture of  stockings.  It  sends  two  members  to  par- 
liament. 1 1  m.  N.  E.  Gloucester,  104  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  2°  9'  W.  Lat.  52°  2'  N.     Pop.  4,820. 

Teicksbnry,  t.  Quebec  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  20  m.  N.  Quebec. 

Tewskbury,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  23  m.  N. 
Boston.     Pop.  943. 

Tewksbury,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,308. 

Texas,  country,  North  America,  bounded  E.  by 
Louisiana;  S.  E.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico;  W.and 
S.  VV,  by  the  Rio  del  Norte ;  N.and  N.  E.  by  Red 
river.  Its  greatest  length  is  800  miles,  its  great- 
est breadth  500,  and  its  area  240,000  square  miles. 
According  to  the  late  treaty,  it  is  wholly  included 
in  the  Spanish  dominions.  The  air  is  pure,  se- 
rene, and  healthful.  Though  taken  as  a  whole  it 
cannot  be  considered  a  fertile  country,  yet  there 
are  many  fine  tracts.  Red  river  and  several  other 
streams  will  probably  admit  of  settlements  through 
their  whole  extent. 

Texel,  or  Tessel,  isl.  Holland,  about  11  miles 
long  and  6  broad,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Zuyder 
Zee,  with  a  capacious  and  good  harbor,  and  a  fort 
which  commands  the  entrance ;  besides  a  town  of 
the  same  name,  it  contains  6  villages :  the  land  is 
fertile  in  pasture,  and  the  whole  well  secured  with 
dykes  of  prodigious  strength  and  height.  Near 
this  island  was  the  celebrated  sea-fight,  between 
the  fleet  of  Holland,  under  Admiral  Martin  Har- 
pertz  Tromp,  and  that  of  England,  under  Admi- 
ral Blake,  in  1653,  in  which  Tromp  was  killed. 
Lon.  4"  40'  E.  Lat.  53"  5'  N. 

Teya,  r.  Austria,  which  passes  through  a  part  of 
Moravia,  and  runs  into  the  Marsch,  11  m.  N.  E. 
Zistcrsdorf. 

Tey}i,  t.  Bohemia,  12  ra.  W.  N.  W.  Jung  Bunt- 
zel. 

Teza,  t.  Fez,  50  ra.  N.  N.  E.  Fez,  GO  S.  E.  Te- 
tuan.    Lon.  4°  15'  W.  Lat.  34°  5'  N. 

Tezcuco,  t.  Mexico,  15  m.  E.  Mexico. 

Tezzoute,  t.  Algiers,  sup}!oscd  to  be  the  Lambe- 
sa  of  the  ancients.  The  ruins  extend  nearly  3 
leagues  in  circumfei'ence.  70  m.  S.  S.  W.  Con - 
stantina,  140  S.  E.  Algiers.  Lon.  5"  58'  E.  Lat. 
35°  24' N. 

Thainee,  (an.  Thena,  or  Tfie?i(e,)  t.  Tunis,  on 
the  coast,  50  m.  S.  S.  W.  El  Medea,  69  S.  S.  E. 
Cairoan. 

Thais,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  Paris. 

Thabnessing,  or  Thalmessinsen.  t.  Germany,  3) 
m.  S.  E.  Anspach,  12  N,  Aichstat^.  Lon.  11°  10' 
E.  Lat.  49°  1'  N. 


THE 


T  H  I 


733 


Thame,  or  Tame,  t.  England,  in  Oxford,  on  the 
river  Tame,  which  is  navigable  for  barges,  13  m. 
E.  Oxford,  45  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0"  53'  E.  Lat. 
5r  45'  N. 

Thames,  r.  England,  which  rises  about  3  miles 
S.  from  Cheltenham,  and  passing  by  Lechdale, 
Oxford,  Abingdon,  Alarlow,  Windsor,  Staines, 
Kingston,  Richmond,  Brentford,  Westminster, 
London,  Greenwich,  Woolwich,  Grovesend,  kc. 
falls  into  the  German  ocean.  The  tide  runs  as 
far  up  as  Richmond,  about  70  miles  from  the  sea. 
Large  merchant  ships  go  up  to  London,  and  bar- 
ges as  lar  as  Lechdale. 

Thames,  r.  Upper  Canada,  which  runs  into  lake 
St.  Clair,  in  lon.  82"  10'  W.  Lat.  42°  45'  N. 

Thames,  r.  Conn,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
Shetucket  and  Norwich  rivers,  at  Norwich  land- 
ing, and  running  S.  14  miles,  empties  into  Long 
Island  sound  at  New  London.  It  is  navigable  for 
sea  vessels  to  Norwich. 

Thamsbruck,  or  Thomasbruck,  t.  Prussian  states, 
in  Saxony,  8  m.  S.  E.  Mulhausen,  16  W.  N.  W. 
Erfurt.  Lon.  10°  42'  E.  Lat.  51°  5'  N.  Pop. 
1,050. 

Thanet,  Island  of,  isl.  Eng.  at  the  S.  E.  part  of 
the  county  of  Kent,  divided  from  the  rest  of  the 
county  by  the  river  Stour.  The  principal  towns 
are  Margate  and  Rarasgate, 

Thannkaiisen,  or  Tamiliausen,  t.  Germany,  22 
m.  E.  Ulm.     Lon.  10°  28'  E.  Lat.  48°  15'  N. 
Thanwald,  t.  Silesia,  13  m.  N.  W.  Breslau. 
Thaso,  isl.  of  the  Grecian  archipelago,  in  the 
gulf  of  Contesa,  formerly  famous  for  its  rich  gold 
mines.     Lon.  24"  4G'  E.  Lat.  40°  34'  N. 

Thatcham,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  4  m.  E.  New- 
bury, 52  W.  London. 

Thatcher'' s  Island,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of 
Mass.  1  m.  E.  Cape  Ann. 

Thaxted,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  6  m.  W.  Dunmow, 
43  N.  xN.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  20'  E.  Lat.  31° 
58' N. 

Theakiki.     See  Kankakee. 
Theano,  or  Tiano,  t.  Naples,  15  m.  N.  Capua. 
Thebaid.     See  Said. 
Thebes.     See  Thiva. 

Thedinghausen,  t.  Germany,  in  Brunswick,  12 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Hoya.     Pop.  1,500. 

Themar,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, 
on  the  Werra,  12  m.  S.  E.  Meinungen.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Thenezay,  t.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  10  m.  N. 
E.  Partenay,  7  S.  E.  Airvault. 

Thengen,  t.  Germany,  22  m.  N.  W.  Constance, 
8  N.  Schaffhausen. 

Theodosia,  or  (Jaffa.     See  Caffa. 
Tlieopolis,  a  station  of  the  London  Missionary 
Society,  in  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
60  m.  N.  E.  Bethelsdorp,  560  E.  Capetown.     It  is 
exposed  to  the  depredations  of  the  Caffres. 

Therasia,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
separated  from  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Santorin  by  a 
narrow  channel,  3  m.  N.  St.  Nicolo. 

Thermia,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  12 
miles  long  and  6  broad,  so  called  from  its  abound- 
ing with  hot  springs.  It  produces  large  quanti- 
ties of  barley,  wine,  figs,  honey,  wax,  fine  silk, 
and  cotton.  The  Greek  Christians  in  this  island 
are  computed  at  16,000.  Lon.  24°  32'  E.  Lat.  37° 
20'  N. 

Therouanne,  t.  France,  in  straits  of  Calais,  on 
the  Lys,  6  m.  S.  St.  Omer,  4  W.  Aire. 

Thessalon,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into  lake  Hu- 
ron, in  lon.  82°  28'  W.  lat.  46°  0'  N. 


Tliessalonica,  in  Sac.  Geog.  See  Saloniki. 
Thessaly,  or  Janna,  province,  Eu.  Turkey, 
bounded  N.  by  Macedonia,  E.  by  the  Archipelago, 
S.  by  Livadia,  and  W.  by  Livadia  and  Epire  :  an- 
ciently called  Thessalia,  Pelasgia,  and  PyrrheUf 
and  now  by  the  Turks  Janna.  It  was  sometimes 
annexed  to  Macedonia,  and  sometimes  divided 
from  it.  Among  its  celebrated  mountains,  the 
most  remarkable  are  Olympus,  Pelion,  and  Ossa. 
Here  also  are  the  plains  of  Pharsalia,  and  the  de- 
lightful valley  of  Tempe.  The  country  is  fertile, 
producing  oranges,  citrons,  lemons,  pomegranates, 
grapes,  figs,  and  melons. 

Thetford,  t.  England,  situated  on  the  Lesser 
Ouse,  partly  in  Norfolk  and  partly  in  Suffolk.  Its 
chief  manufacture  is  woollen  cloth.  It  returns  3 
members  to  parliament.  29  m.  S.  W.  Norwich, 
80  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  45' E.  Lat.  52°  25' N. 
Pop.  2,450. 

Thetford,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  45 
m.  S.  Quebec. 

Thetford,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  28  m.  above  Windsor.     Pop.  1,735. 
Theux,  t.  Netherlands,  3  m.  N.  W.  Spa. 
Theysse,  r,  which  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Hun- 
gary, and  runs  into  the  Danube,  19  m.  N.  W.  Bel- 
grade. 

Thibet,  country,  Asia,  extending  from  the 
source  of  the  Indus  to  the  borders  of  China,  and 
from  Hindoostan  to  the  deserts  of  Cobi,  1,500  miles 
long  from  E.  to  W\  Little  Thibet,  which  is  situ- 
ated between  Thibet  and  Cashgar,  is  not  connect- 
ed with  this  country.  Thibet  is  governed  by  the 
grand  lama,  who  is  sovereign  pontiff  of  the  great- 
er part  of  Chinese  and  Independent  Tartary. 
The  great  lama  resides  near  the  city  of  Lassa, 
and  receives  the  adoration  of  the  natives,  as  well 
as  of  numberless  foreigners,  who  undertake  long 
and  painful  journies  to  pay  him  homage.  Besides 
the  great  lama,  who  is  the  head  of  religion,  and 
sovereign  of  Thibet,  there  are  other  princes,  who 
have  cities,  and  many  subjects  under  them.  Thi- 
bet is  now  ranked  among  the  tributary  dominions 
of  the  emperor  of  China.  The  exports  are  gold 
dust,  diamonds,  pearls,  coral,  musk,  woollen  cloth, 
lambskins,  roclc  salt,  tincal,  fine  goat's  hair,  and 
shawls. 

Thiel,  or  Tiel,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Gueldcr- 
land,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Wahal,  in  a  small  isl- 
and, 18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bois  le  Due,  5  W.  Nimmegen , 
Pop.  3,731. 

Thielle^  r.  Switzerland,  which  runs  into  the 
Aar,  3  m.  below  Buren. 

Thiers,  t.  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  playing  cards,  paper, 
thread,  &c.  21  m.  S.  E.  Gannat,  20  E.  Clermont. 
Lon.  3°  38'  E.  Lat.  45°  52'  N.     Pop.  10,605. 

Thionville,  t.  France,  in  Moselle,  on  the  Mo- 
selle, 3i  posts  N.  Metz,  39i  E.  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon. 
6°  15'  E.  Lat.  49°  21'  N.     Pop.  5,413. 

Thirlwal  Castle,  a  boundary  fortress  between 
England  and  Scotland,  on  the  Pict's  Wall,  3  m. 
N.  W.  Haltwesel. 

Thirsk,  or  Thriish,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  41  m. 
W.  Scarborough,  230  N-  London.  Lon.  1°  23'  W, 
Lat.  54°  13'  N. 

Thirsty  Soimd,  inlet  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  210°  18'  W.  Lat.  22°  10'  S. 

Thirstonland,  t.  Eng. in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  S.  Hud- 
dersfield. 

Thirtymile,  or  Dead  River,  r.  Maine,  which  runs 
into  the  Androscoggin,  in  Livermore. 

T/uro,  or  Stibes^  Can.  Thebu^,)  t.  Eu.  Turkey, 


734 


T  H  O 


T  H  U 


in  Livadia,  situated  on  a  rising  ground  between 
two  small  rivers,  28  m.  W.  N.  W.  Athens,  32  S.  E. 
Livadia.  Lon.  23°  34'  E.  Lat.  38°  25'  N.  Pop. 
4,500. 

Thizy,  t.  France,  27  m.  N.  W.  Lyons, 

Thoco,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  near  the 
coast  of  Greece.     Lon.  23°  21'  E.  Lat.  37°  20'  N. 

Thomar,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  63  m.  N. 
E.  Lisbon,  42  S.  Coimbra.  Lon.  8°  8'  W,  Lat. 
39"34'N. 

Thomases  Creek,  r.  S.  Carolina,  which  runs  into 
the  Great  Pedee,  1  m.  from  Chatham. 

Thomastown,  t.  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny,  16  m.  N. 
Waterford,  8  S.  S.  E.  Kilkenny. 

Thomastotvn,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Penobscot  bay,  at  its  entrance,  36  m.  E. 
Wiscasset,  83  E.  N.  E.  Portland,  203  N.  E.  Bos- 
ton. It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  exports  large 
quantities  of  lime  and  lumber.  Limestone  is 
found  in  large  quantities,  and  between  30  and  40 
lime  kilns  have  been  erected.  There  are  two 
churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Bap- 
tists.    Pop.  in  1820,  2,551. 

Thompson,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  46  m.  E.  N.E. 
Hartford.     Pop.  2,467. 

Thompson,  t.  ami  cap.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  34  m. 
from  Newburgh,  22  from  Delaware  rivft-.  Pop. 
1,300. 

Thompson''  s  creek,  r.  Feliciana  district,  Louis- 
iana, which  runs  into  the  Mississippi,  7  m.  below 
Point  Coupee. 

Thompson'' s  salt-works,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

Thompsonloum,  p-v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

Thonnaustauff,  t.  Bavaria,  near  the  Danube, 
3  m.  from  Katiisbon. 

Thonon,  or  Tenon,  t.  Savoy,  on  the  lake  of  Ge- 
neva, 18  m.  N.  E,  Geneva.  Lon.  6°  32'  E.  Lat. 
46°18'JS. 

Thorn,  city,  Prussia,  on  the  Vistula.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  iine  double  wall  and  moats.  It  was 
formerly  strong' y  fortified,  and  was  a  place  of  very 
considerable  trade,  and  one  of  the  principal  of 
the  Hanse  towns.  But  it  has  now  declined,  the 
river  having  become  so  shallow  Uiat  ships  of  bur- 
den cannot  come  up  to  the  city.  70  m.  S.  Dant- 
zic.     Lon.  18°  30'  E.  Lat.  52°  55'  N.     Pop.  n,37\. 

Thorn,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  '^l  m.  S.  York,  166 
N.  London.     Lon.  1°  W.  Lat.  53  40'  N. 

Thorn,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  N.  W.  Somerset. 

Thornbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  12  m.  N. 
Bristol,  121  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  33'  W.  Lat.  5 1° 
40' N. 

Thornconib,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  2  m.  N.  E. 
Axminster. 

Thornhill,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  W.  Wake- 
field. 

Thorney  Abbey,  t.  Eng.  in  Cambridge,  6  m.  N. 
E.  Peterborough,  87  IST.  London. 

Thomey  Island,  small  isl.  in  r.  bay  of  the  Eng- 
lish channel,  near  the  coa?^  of  Sussex,  7  m.  S.  W, 
Chichester. 

Thornton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  4  m.  W.  Brad- 
ford. 

Thornton,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  12  m.  N.  Stetle. 

Thornsburg,  p-v.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va. 

Thornton,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.H.  45  m.  N.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  794, 

Thornton's  Gap,  p-v.  Culpepper  co.  Va. 

Thornville,  p-t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  N.  W. 
Somerset. 

Thorold,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Chip- 
peway  rivf  r. 


7%oroe,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  ia  the  Little  Belt,, 
near  the  island  of  Funen.  Lon.  9°  53'  E.  Lat  55" 
15'N. 

Thorp  Arch,  v.  Eng.  io  Yorkshire,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Wetherby. 

Thorshaven,  s-p.  of  the  island  of  Stromoe,  and 
capital  of  all  the  Faroer  islands. 

Thmiars,  i.  France,  in  Two  Sevres,  31  m.  W. 
Poitiers,  39  N.  Niort.  Lon.  0°  8'  W.  Lat.  46°  58' 
N.     Pop.  2,03,5. 

Thousand  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  Straits  of 
Sunda.     Lon.  106°  33'  E.  Lat.  5"  33'  S. 

Thousand  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  a  little  below  Lake  Ontario. 

Thrapston,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton,  18  m.  N.E. 
Northampton,  75  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  32'  W. 
Lat.  52°  25'  N. 

Three  Brothers,  3  small  islands  in  the  Indian  sea, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lon.  51°  10'  N. 
Lat.  13°  20'  S. 

Three  Brothers,  3  small  islands  iu  the  E.  Indian 
sea.     Lon.  132°  15'  E.  Lat.  5°  30'  S. 

Three  Brothers,  3  small  islands  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  Prince's  Island.     Lon.  7°  E.  Lat.  1°  32'  N. 

Three  Brothers,  3  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian 
sea,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Amboyna.  Lon.  128°  18' 
E.  Lat.  3°  39'  S. 

Three  Brothers,  small  islands  near  the  S.  W. 
coast  of  Celebes.     Lon.  1 19"  38'  E.  Lat.  5°  25'  S. 

Three  Kings,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  New  Zealand.  Lon.  172°  12"  E.  Lat. 
34°  12'  S. 

Three  Rivers.     See  Trois  Riviers. 

Three  Sisters,  3  small  islands  on  the  W.  side  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  N.  of  Parker's  island. 

Tlir^'shold  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
New  Guinea.     Lon.  132°  E.  Lat.  0"  37'  S. 

Thrum  Cap  Island,  small  island  in  the  Pacific 
ocean.     Lon.  139°  48'  W  Lat.  18°  35'  S. 

Thrushel,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Tamer, 
opposite  Launceston. 

Tfiuin,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Sambre,  14  m.  S. 
E.  Mons,  48  W.  S.  W.  Liege.  Lon.  4"  21'  F^  Lat. 
50°  ^0'  N.     Pop.  2,706. 

Thule,  (Southern,)  a  part  of  Sandwich  Land,  in 
thft  Atlantic  ocean,  and  the  most  southerly  land 
yet  discovered.     Lon.  27°  45'  W.  Lat.  59°  34'  S. 

Thum,  t.  Saxonv,  7  m.  S.  Chemnitz,  36  W.  S. 
W.  Dresden.     Lon.  12"  50'  E.  Lat.  50°  37'  N. 

Thun,  t,  Swisserl-.md,  in  Berne,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Berne.     Lon.  7°  31'  E.  Lat.  46°  44'  N. 

Thun,  lake,  Swis?prland,  in  Berne,  12  miles 
lon?.     15  m.  S.S.E.  Berne. 

Thvnder  boy,  larn-c  bay  of  Michigan  Territory, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Lake  Huron,  N.  of  Saganaw 
bay. 

Thungen.     See  Tifngen. 

Thunoe,  small  i>^l.  Denmark,  between  the  coast 
of  .Tii+lard,  and  the  island  of  Samsoe.  Lon.  10° 
•27"  T:.  Lat.  65^SR'N. 

Th^n;  r.  Sv  -^  c.  which  runs  into  the  Rhine,  7  nl. 
S.  S.  W.  i-n-'V  :.^^-en. 

Thurgau,  cauian,  Swisserland,  bounded  N.  by 
Germany  and  the  Lake  of  Coi-stincc,  E.  by  the 
Lake  of  Constance,  S.  by  St.  Gr.l',  and  W.  by  Zu- 
rich, and  Scaffhausen.  Pop.  74,000.  About  one 
third  of  the  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics,  and 
the  rest  Calvinists. 

Thurimria,  formerly  a  circle  of  Saxony,  lying 
between  the  Saale  and  the  Werra. 

ThvrJe.i,  t.  Ireland,  in  Tippcrary,  20  m.  W.  Kil- 
kenny, 10  N.  Cashel. 


T  I  C 


T  I  L 


735 


Thurlmere,  lake,  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  from 
\vhence  a  river  runs  to  the  Derwent,  3  m.  S.  E. 
Keswick. 

Thurlow,  t.  Hastings  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  W.  of  Kingston. 

Thurlow's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific,  near  the 
coast  of  N.  America,  about  24  miles  long.  Lon. 
233°  35'  E.  Lat.  50"  24'  N. 

Thurman.     See  Athol,  N.  Y. 

Thurnau,  t.  Germany,  21  m.  E.  N.  E.  Bamberg. 
Lon.  \r  26'  E.  Lat.  50"  2'  N. 

Thurotz,  r.  Hungary,  which  runs  into  the  Waag, 
12  m.  N.  St.  Martin. 

Thurso,  s-p.  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Caith- 
ness, in  Dunnet  Bay.  42  m.  N.  N.  E.  Dornock. 
Lon.  3°  22'  W.  Lat.  58°  31'  N. 

Thus,  r.  Persia,  which  runs  into  the  Caspian 
sea,  40  m.  N.W.Zaweh. 

Thwart  the  Way,  isl.  in  the  Straits  of  Sunda. 
Lon.  105°  43'  E.  Lat.  5°  55'  S. 

Thwart  the  Way,  isl.  in  a  bay  on  the  coast  of 
j^ew  Guinea.     Lon.  136°  54'  E.  Lat.  2°  15'  S. 

Thyatira,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Akhisar. 

Tiagnanuco,  t.  Buenos  Ay  res,  36  m.  N.  W.  La 
Paz. 

Tiang-potao,  isl.  of  Corea,  about  30  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Lon.  124°  52'  E.  Lat.  37"  20'  N. 

Tiano,  small,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Lapland.     Lat.  68"  42'  N. 

Tiaoyu-su,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  belong- 
ing to  those  called  Lieou-kieou.  Lon.  123"  37'  E. 
Lat.  25°  55'  N. 

Tibaens,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Duero  e  Minho, 
4  m.  W.  Braga. 

Tibbermuir,  v.  Scotland,  in  Perthshire,  4  m.  W. 
Perth. 

Tibbo,  a  people  of  Africa,  inhabiting  the  coun- 
try to  the  W.  S.  and  E.  of  Fezzan. 

Tiber,  r.  Italy,  which  rises  from  the  Appennine 
mountains,  passes  by  Rome,  and  runs  into  the 
Mediterranean,  in  lon.  1 1"  8'  E.  Lat.  41°  47'  N. 

Tiber  creek.     See  Goose  creek. 

Tiberias.     See  Tabria. 

Tiboulen,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  6°  24'  E.  Lat.  43° 
15' N. 

Ttburon,  Cape,  S.  America,  at  the  entrance  of 
tlie  gulf  of  Darieu.  Lon.  77°  10'  W.  Lat.  9° 
25'  N. 

Tiburon,  small  isL  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lat 
14°  S. 

Tiburones,  or  Main  Cape  Reef,  2  small  islands 
near  the  coast  of  Honduras.  Lon.  82°  8'  W.  Lat. 
15° 10'  N. 

Ticao,  one  of  the  Philippine  islands,  about  25 
miles  long  and  3  to  8  broad.  Lon.  123°  34'  E.  Lat. 
12°  39'  N. 

Tichjield,  v.  Eng.  in  Hants,  on  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  Southampton  Water,  8  m.  N.  W. 
<losport,  74  S.  W.  London. 

Tickfali,  r.  Louis-iatia,  which  flows  into  Lake 
Maurepas,  4  ra.  N.  ol  Uie  mouth  of  Amite  river. 

Tickle  Ilarboxir,  harbour  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland. 

Tickill,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  44  m.  S.  York,  155 
N.  London.     Lon.  1°  12'  W.  Lat.  53°  27'  N. 

Tirmderoga,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Champlair.  Pop.  985.  The  fortres"  of  Ticonde- 
roga  so  cei«brated  in  the  history  of  American 
wars,  was  built  on  a  tongue  of  land  of  considerable 
elevation,  at  the  confluence  of  Lake  George  creek 
with  f^ake  Champlain,  15  m.  S.  Crown  Point,  24 
N.  Whitehall,  in  N.  hit.  43" 50'.    On  three  sides  it 


is  surrounded  by  water,  and  about  half  of  the  other 
side  is  occupied  by  a  deep  swamp.  Mount  Inde- 
pendence, often  mentioned  in  connection  with  Ti- 
conderoga,  lies  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Champlain, 
about  2  m.  S.  E.  of  the  fort.  Mount  Defiance  is 
on  Lake  George  creek,  and  most  completely  com- 
mands Ticonderoga,  which  is  far  below,  and  with- 
in fair  cannon  shot.  The  remains  of  the  fortifica- 
tions are  still  conspicuous,  and  the  old  stone  bar- 
racks, erected  by  the  French,  are  in  part  stand- 
ing. 

Ticoo  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  99°  13'  E.  Lat.  0° 
6'  S. 

Ticos,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Lucon.    Lon.  124"  E.  Lat.  14°  10'  N. 

Tide,  or  Tidi,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  tlie  Ha- 
moaze  below  Saltash. 

Tider,  or  Ner,  small  i.sl.  in  tlie  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  19°  30'  N. 

Tideswall,  or  Tideswell,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire, 
32  m.  N.  N.  ^^\  Derby,  158  N.  London.  Lon.  1,° 
39'  W.  Lat.  53°  20'  N. 

Tidla,  r.  Sweden,  which  runs  into  the  Wenner 
Lake,  near  Mariestadt. 

Tidor,  or  Tidore,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  and 
one  of  the  Moluccas,  15  ra.  S.  E.  I'ernate.  Lon. 
127°  19'  E.  Lat.  0"  42'  N. 

TicUenhead,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
entrance  into  Donegal  bay,  and  the  S.  W.  extremi- 
ty of  Donegal  co.  25  m.  W.  Donegal.  Lon.  8"25' 
W.  Lat.  54"  40'  N. 

Tiellen  Harbour,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of  Donegal 
bay,  7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tiellen  Head. 
Tienen.    See  Tirlemont. 

Tiengen,  or  Thiengen,  or  Thungen,  t.  Germany, 
on  the  Wutach,  29  m.  E.  Bale,  36  W.  Constance. 
Lon.  8"  17'  E.  Lat.  47"  42'  N. 

Tieiar,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Tagus,  near 
Talavan. 

Tieffesh,  or  Tifas,  (an.  Thevesle,)  t.  Algiers,  40 
ra.  S.  Bona.     Lon.  7°  40'  E.  Lat.  36°  20'  N. 
Tijffin,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,529. 
7\ga,  small  isl.  in  tlie  E.  Indian  sea,  near  tha  N. 
W.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.   112°  14'  E.  Late" 
25'  N. 

Tigaon,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  Borneo.     Lon.  128°  48'  E.  Lat.  6°  10  N. 

Tiger,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near  the 
coast  of  Darien.     Lon.  77"  30'  W.  Lat.  8"  35'  N. 

Tigre,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  at  the  en- 
trance into  Amapalla  bay.  Lon.  88"  44'  W.  Lat. 
13°  10'  N. 

Tigre,  province,  Abyssinia,  about  200  mUes 
long  and  120  broad.  All  the  merchandize  desti- 
ned to  cross  the  Red  Sea  must  pass  through  this 
province, 

Tigris,  r.  Asia,  which  rises  in  the  mountains  of 
Armenia,  passes  by  Diarbekir,  Mosul,  and  many 
other  cities  and  towns,  and  joining  the  Euphrates, 
both  together  run  into  the  Persian  gulf,  below 
Bassora.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Diarbekir. 

Tiis,  or  Tiz,  t.  Persia,  in  Mecran,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Kurene,  75  m.  S.  Kidge.  Loa.  60°  24'  E. 
Lat.  25"  25' N. 

Tila  Alatv,  one  of  the  Lipari  islands,  6  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Stromboli. 

Tilbury,iort,  Eng.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Thames, 
in  Essex,  opposite  Gravesend,  28  m.  E.  London. 

Tilbury,  t.  Kent  co.  Up.  Canada,  extending  from 
Lake  Erie  to  Lake  St.  Clair. 

Tilghman's  island,  Md.  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
the  Chesapeake,  at  the  mouth  of  Choptank  river- 


736 


T  I  N 


T  I  O 


Till,  r.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Tweed,  2  m,  N.  E,  Coldstream. 

Ttllanjong,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  in  the 
Indian  sea.     Lon.  94°  9'  E.  Lat.  8"  40'  N. 

Tille,  (La,)  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Sa- 
one,  3  m.  below  Auxonne. 

Tillipally,  t.  in  the  district  of  Jaffna,  in  the 
northern  jart  of  the  island  of  Ceylon,  10  m.  N.  of 
the  town  of  Jaffna.  It  is  one  of  the  stations  of  the 
Amer.can  Board  of  Commiss"ioners  for  Foreign 
Missions.     See  Ceylon. 

Tilly,  or  67.  Antoi-ne,  seigniory,  Buckingham 
CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 15  m.  S.  W.  Quebec. 

Tilsit,  t.  Prussia,  large,  rich,  and  commercial. 
The  river  Alemel,  which  runs  along  the  N.  side  of 
the  town,  opens  a  very  advantgeous  trade  with 
Konigsberg.  In  1807,  it  was  taken  by  the  French ; 
soon  after  which  a  peace  was  made  between 
France,  Russia,  and  Prussia,  called  the  Peace  of 
Tilsit  50  m.  N.  E.  Konigsberg,  50  S.  S.  E.  Me- 
mel,     Lon.  22°  8'  E.  Lat.  55°  8'  N.     Pop.  8,656. 

Timbo,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  coast.     Lon.  9° 
20'  W.  Lat.  5°  28'  N. 
Timbuctoo.     See  Tombuctoo. 
Timelfioerd,  bay  of  the  North  sea,  on  the  coast 
of  Norway,  32  m  W.  Romsdal. 

Timerycotta,  t.  Hind,  in  Golcondah,  54  m.  S.  E. 
Hydrabad,  95  W.  Masulipatam.  Lon.  79°  26'  E. 
Lat.  15°  20'  N. 

Timmiskamain  Lake,  lake  in  Canada.  Lon.  80° 
40'  W.  Lat.  47°  30'  N. 

Timhxih,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of Judah. 

Timoan,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  104° 
25' E.  Lat.  2°  58' N. 

Timor,  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  about  120  miles 
long  and  33  broad.  The  principal  productions 
are  sandal  wood  and  wax.  Lon.  124"  to  126°  21' 
E.Lat.  7"  16' to  10°24'N. 

Timor  Laut,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  60  miles  in 
circumference.    Lon.  132°  16'  E.  Lat.  T  25'  S. 

Tinchebray,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  10  m.  N.  Dom- 
front,  22  W.  Falaise. 

Tine,  or  Tyne,  r.  Eng.  which  rises  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Scotland,  and  passing  by  Newcastle,  falls 
into  the  German  sea,  at  Tinemouth. 

Tinea,  r.  Piedmont,  which  rises  in  the  Alps,  and 
runs  into  the  Var,  12  m.  N.  Nice. 

Tineh,  t.  Egypt,  between  the  S.  extremity  of 
Lake  Menzaleh  and  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
ancient  Pelusium,  and  on  a  canal  formerly  called 
the  P elusion  mouth  of  the  Nile.  80  m,  N.  N.  E. 
Cairo,  65  N.  Suez.  Lon.  38'  45'  E.  Lat.  30'' 
48'  N. 

Tineh,  t.  Africa,  in  Tripoli,  on  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Sidra.  Lon.  19°  12'  E.  Lat. 
30°  5'  N. 

Tinemouth,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Tine,  on  the  German  sea.  It  has 
aeveral  salt  works ;  but  its  greatest  article  of  trade 
is  coals,  of  which  upwards  of  770,000  chaldrons 
are  sent  to  London.  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Newcastle,  280 
N.London.     Lat.  54°  54' N.     Pop.  5,334. 

Tineto,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Genoa,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Spetia,  8  m.  S.  Spetia.  Lon. 
9°  42' E.  Lat.  44-^2' N. 

Tinerelly,  or  Palamcotta,  city,  Hind,  and  cap.  of 
a  province  in  the  Carnatic,74  m.  S.  S.  W.  Madu- 
ra, 148  S.  S.  E.  Coimbetore.  Lon.  77°  4G'  E.  Lat. 
8°  42'  N. 

Tinevelly,  province,  Hind,  bounded  N.  by  Ma- 
dura, E.  and  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Manara,  and  W.  by 


Travancore,  from  which  'it  is  separted  by  the 
Ghauts,  150  ra.  long  by  50  broad.  Pop.  700,000, 
of  whom  it  is  said  175,000  are  Brahmins,  30,000 
Roman  Catholics,  and  4,000  Protestants.  The 
Tamul  language  is  spoken  here  in  great  purity. 
The  Protestants  have  27  churches  in  this  district, 
and  there  are  several  Missionary  stations  of  the 
Christian  Knowledge,  and  Church  Missionary  So- 
cieties. The  coast  has  long  been  celebrated  for 
its  pearls.  It  was  formerly  in  possession  of  the 
Portuguese. 

Tingano,  r.  Malacca,  which  runs  into  the  Chi- 
nese sea,  in  lon.  103°  9'  E  lat.  5"  27'  N. 

Tingi,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Chinese 
sea,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Malacca.  Lon.  104°  21' 
E.  Lat.  2°  23'  N. 

Tingo,  or  Tenna,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the 
Adriatic,  3  m.  N.  Fermo. 

Tingoran,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Malacca.     Lon.  103°  33'  E.  Lat.  4°  8'  N. 

Tingwalla,  isl.  Sweden,  in  Wenner  Lake, 
whereon  the  town  of  Carlstadt  is  built. 

Tinian,  one  of  the  Ladrone  islands,  in  the  Pacif- 
ic ocean,  about  42  miles  in  circumference.  It 
produces  cotton,  indigo,  and  the  tropical  fruits  in 
abundance.     Lon.  146"  E.  Lat.  15°  N. 

Tinicun,  t,  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  the  Delaware. 
Pop.  249. 

Tinker's  island,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islands,  off 
the  coast  of  Mass.  8  m.  from  the  main  land. 

Tinmouth,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  31  m.  W.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,001. 

Tinne,  t.  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Niger, 
130  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tombuctou. 

Tino,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Genoa,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  gulf  Spetia,  8  m.  S.  Spetia.  »Lon. 
9°  42'  E.  Lat.  44"  3'  N. 

Tino,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  about  60 
miles  in  circumference.  It  produces  melons,  figs, 
and  grapes;  but  the  chief  riches  are  its  silk.  Lon. 
25°  7'  E.  Lat.  37°  36'  N.  Pop.  23,000  Greeks. 
Tinslcysville,  p-v.  Goochland  co.  Va. 
Tinto,'r.  Spain,  in  Seville,  which  owes  its  name 
to  the  waters  being  tinged  of  a  yellow  colour.  It 
falls  into  the  Atlantic  at  the  town  of  Huelva. 

Tintwistle,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  10  m.  N.  E. 
Chester. 

Tioga,  a  large  Western  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hannah.  It  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  and  running  N. 
E.  into  New- York,  receives  the  Conhocton,  at 
Fainted  Post,  then  turning  S.E.  it  re-enters  Penn- 
svlvania,  and  meets  the  Eastern  branch  of  the 
Susquehannah  at  Tioga  point.  It  affords  good 
navigation  for  boats. 

Tioga,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Tompkins  co. 
E.  by  Broome  co.  S.  by  Pennsylvania,  and  W.  by 
Steuben  co.     Pop.  7,899.    Chief  town,  Spencer. 

Tioga,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehan- 
nah, 13  m.  S.  W.  Binghampton,  170  from  Albany. 
Pop.  500. 

Tioga,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  New- York.     Pop. 
1,687.     Chief  town,  Wellsborough. 
Tioga,  p-t.  Tioga  co.  Pa.     Pop.  803. 
Tioga  point.     Sec  Athens,  Pa. 
Tiookea,  one  of  King  George's  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  144°  66'  W.  Lat.  14°  27'  S. 

Tiom,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  W.  coast 
of  Sweden,  25  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  11° 
29'  E.  Lat.  58°  N. 

Tiomebierg,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Laland.     Lon.  1 1°  18'  E.  Lat.  54°  42'  N. 

Tiomeholm,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  S. 
roast  of  Laland.     Lon.  1 1°  37'  F..  Lat.  54"  39'  N. 


T  I  T 


T  O  B 


737 


Tiougnioga  creek,  N.  Y.  rises  in  Onondaga  co, 
and  after  a  course  of  53  miles,  joins  the  Chenan- 
go, in  Broome  co. 

Tipera,  or  Tipra,  formerly  Jagenagur,  country 
of  Asia,  annexed  to  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Silhet, 
E.  by  Ava,  S.  by  Chittigong,  and  W.  by  Dacca. 
Lon.  110"  E.  Lat.  24*=  20'  iN. 

Tiphsah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Euphrates,  which  was  the  extreme  northern  lim- 
it of  the  empire  of  Solomon. 

Tippal,  r.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  which  runs 
into  the  Tyne,  near  Haltwhistle. 

Tippecanoe,  r.  Indiana,  which  enters  the  Wa- 
bash from  the  N.  140  m.  above  Vincennes.    On  the 
I      banks  of  this  river  a  severe  battle  was  fought, 
I     November  1811,  between  the  United  States  troops 
I     and  the  Indians,  in  which  the  former  were  victori- 
ous. 

Tipperary,  t.  Ireland,  20  m,  S.  E.  Limerick,  9 
W.  Cashel. 

Tipperary,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  N.  E.  by 
King's  county,  E.  by  Queen's  county  and  Kil- 
kenny, S.  by  Waterford,  and  W.  by  Limerick, 
Clare,  and  Galway,  52  miles  long,  and  from  12  to 
31  broad.  Pop.  169,000. 
Tipra.     See  Tipera. 

Tipsa,  t.  Algiers,  on  the  borders  of  Tunis,  85  m. 
S.  E.  Constantia,  80  S.  Bona.  Lon.  8°  E.  Lat.  35° 
27'  N. 

Tiraght,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  W.  coast 
[  of  Ireland,  8  m.  S.  W.  Dunmore  Head. 
I  7\rano,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  24  ^m.  E.  N.  E. 
j  Morbegno,  18  S.  W.  Bormio. 
I  Tireboli,  t.  Turkish  Armenia,  on  the  Black  sea, 
'  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  20  m. 
I     N.  E.  Keresour. 

I  Tiree,  or  Ttry,  one  of  the  Hebrides  or  Western 
!  Islands  of  Scotland,  10  miles  long.  Lon.  6"  48' 
!  W.  Lat.  56"  32' N.  Pop.  2,416. 
i  Tireh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  32  m.  S.  S.  E. 
I  Smyrna,  25  N.  E.  Scalanova.  Lon.  27"  40'  E.  Lat. 
I     38"  8' N. 

i  Tirka,  t.  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Niger,  120 
I  m.  E.  Ghana.  Lon.  14"  30'  E.  Lat.  15"  20'  N. 
\  Tirlemont,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  on  the 
I  Geete.  It  has  been  a  very  flourishing  and  popu- 
'  lous  city,  and  many  vestiges  of  its  grandeur  are 
I  yet  visible,  but  it  has  suffered  much  by  war  and 
I  other  calamities.  9  m.  S.  E.  Louvain,  24  W.  N. 
W.  Liege.     Pop.  7,788. 

Timau,  t,  Hungary,  20  m.  E.  N.  E.  Presburg, 
50  E.  Vienna.     Lon.  17"  44'  E.  Lat.  48"  24'  N. 

Tirna,  r.  of  Hungary,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube, a  few  miles  below  Presburg. 

Tirna,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Chili.     Lat.  38"  30'  N. 

Tirsah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  in  the  tribe  of  Ephraim. 
It  was  the  residence  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  during 
the  period  between  the  reign  of  Jeroboam  and 
that  of  Omri. 

Tisbury,  t.  Dukes  co.  Mass.  on  the  N.  side  of 
Martha's- Vineyard  island,  3  m.  from  Chilmark. 
Pop.  1,202. 

Tishbek,  in  Sac-  Geog.  t  Palestine,  in  the  tribe 
of  NaphtaJi. 

Ti$mana,  r.  Walachia,  which  runs  into  the  Syl, 
15  m.  S.  Tergosyl. 

Tit,  t.  Morocco,  near  the  Atlantic  ocean,  8  m. 
S.  W,  Mazagan,  140  N.  W.  Morocco. 

Titalya,  t.  Thibet,  in  the  northern  part  of  Rung- 
bore,  on  the  borders  towards  Nepaul.     It  is  a 
British  military  station. 
Titchvin.  t.  Rii'isia,  in  Novgorodj  on  the  river 

93 


Sias,  84  m.  N.  N.  E.  Novgorod.  Lon.  33"  1^  E. 
Lat.  59°  52'  N. 

Titicaca.    See  Chucuito. 

Titisighe,  s-p.  Guriel,  with  a  good  harbour,  on 
the  Black  sea.  It  is  also  called  Pghino,  10  m.  S. 
Puti. 

Titisness,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Lapland,  at 
the  entrance  of  a  bay  called  Titsfiord.  Lon.  67" 
36'  N. 

Titlis,  mountain  of  Switz.  in  Uri,  one  of  the 
highest  in  Switzerland,  1 1  m.  S.  S.  W.  Altorff. 

Tilschein,  New,  or  Kowi  Giesi,  t.  Moravia,  25 
m.  VV.  S.  W.  Teschen.  Lon.  18"  10'  E.  Lat.  49° 
32' N. 

TiJlmaning,  or  DiUmaning,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the 
Salza,  20  m.  N.  N.  \V.  Salzburg,  80  N.  N.  W. 
Lanffen.  Lon.  12"  44'  E.  Lat.  48°  1'  N.  Pop. 
2,181. 

Titul,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Thcysse,  24  m.  N.  W. 
Belgrade. 

Tiverton,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Ex, 
where  it  is  joined  by  the  Lowman.  Here  is  a  cel- 
ebrated free-school.  14  m.  N.  Exeter,  161  W. 
London.  Lon.  3"  40'  VV.  Lat.  50°  53'  N.  Pop. 
6,732. 

Tiverton,  p-t.  Newjwrt  co.  R.  I.  13  m.  N.  E. 
Newport,  24  S.  E.  Providence.     Pop.  2,837. 

Tiuhohn,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat, 
4  m.  N.  N.  E.  Fladstrand. 

Tiriof,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  Tweed, 
at  Kelsoe.  The  valley  which  it  waters  is  called 
Tiviotdale. 

Tiuki  Karagan,  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Cas- 
pian sea,  156  m.  S.  E.  Astracean.  Lon.  50"  14' 
E.  Lat.  44"  20' N. 

Tinmen,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  at  the  union  of 
the  Pischma  and  the  Tura.  It  contains  8  church- 
es, a  convent  of  nuns,  and  500  dwelling  houses. 
112  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tobolsk,  320  E.  N.  E.  Upha. 
Lon.  65"  14' E.  Lat.  57"  N. 

Tivoli,  (an.  Tibur,)  t.  Popedom,  in  the  Campag- 
na  di  Roma,  on  a  rocky  mountain,  near  the  river 
Teverone,  which  falling  headlong  about  50  feet 
down  the  rock,  forms  a  noble  cascade.  It  is  the 
seeof  a  bishou.  15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  12" 
46'  E.  Lat.  41"  58' N.    Pop.  10,000. 

Tiuranen,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  24"  46'  E.  I-at.  65"  38'  N. 

Tiuters,  isl.  of  Russia,  in  the  gulf  of  Finland,  80 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Revel.    Lon.  27"  14'  E.  Lat.  59"  40'  N. 

Tivy,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  5  m^ 
below  Cardigan. 

Tiz.     See  Tiiz. 

Tlascala,  t.  Mexico,  and  anciently  the  capital 
of  a  province  to  which  it  gave  name,  situated  on  a 
river,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific  ocean.  When 
the  Spaniards  first  arrived,  it  is  said  to  have  con- 
tained 300,000  inhabitants.  20  m.  N.  Puebla  de 
los  Angelos,  70  E.  Mexico.  Lon.  98"  30'  W.  Lat. 
19"45'N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Tlemsan,  or  Ttlemsam.     See  Tremecen. 

Tletsch,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch,  72 
m.  E.  S.  E.  Tobolsk. 

Tob,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  country  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Jordan. 

Tobn,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
W.  coastof  Aroo.    Lon.  135"  9'  E.  Lat.  5"  8'  S. 

Tobacco  Kei),  small  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
near  the  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  88°  35'  VV.  Lat. 
16"  45'  N. 

Tobago,  one  of  the  C'Aribbee  Islands,  in  the  W. 
Indies,  about  30  miles  long  and  9  broad.    It  lie? 


738 


TOD 


T  O  L 


out  of  the  tract  of  those  hurricanes  that  prove  so 
fatal  to  the  other  West-India  islands.  The  soil  is 
in  general  rich  and  black,  and  yields  in  abun- 
dance all  the  usual  West-India  productions.  The 
island  belongs  to  the  Britisli,  and  contained  in 
1805,  16,500  inhabitants,  of  whom  900  were 
whites,  and  the  rest  blacks,  principally  slaves. 
The  Wesleyan  Methodists  have  two  missionaries 
in  this  island.  Lon.  60"  30'  W.  Lat.  11°  16'  N. 

Tobak,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bessarabia,  on  Lake 
Jalpug,  34  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ismael. 

Tobol,  r.  Russia,  which  joins  the  Irtisch  at  To- 
bolsk. 

Tobolsk,  city,  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  government, 
at  the  conflux  of  the  Irtisch  and  Tobol.  It  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  was  heretofore  the  capi- 
tal of  all  Siberia.  About  one-fourth  of  the  inhab- 
itants are  Tartars ;  the  rest  are  Russians,  whose 
ancesters  were  banished  hither  for  their  crimes, 
or  such  as  are  exiles  themselves.  The  commerce 
of  the  city  is  flourishing,  all  the  Chinese  caravans 
being  obliged  to  pass  through  the  town  ;  and  all 
the  furs  furnished  by  Siberia  being  forwarded 
from  this  city  to  Moscow.  1,000  m.  E.  Moscow, 
1,172  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  68"  14'  E.  Lat.  57°  N. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Tobolskoi,  government  Russia,  extending  from 
lon.  59°  to  108°  E.  lat.  55°  to  78"  N.  Tobolsk  is 
the  capital. 

Toby,  t  Armstrong  co.  Pa.     Pop.  611. 

Toby^s  Creek,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  Alleghany  river,  20  m.  below  Franklin.  It  is 
navigable  for  batteaux,  and  there  is  a  short  port- 
age to  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

Tocaigh,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Owhyhee.  Lon.  204°  4'  E.  Lat.  20°  3'  N. 

Tocantin's  River,  r.  Brazil,  which  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  near  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon,  after  a 
northerly  course  of  1,500  miles. 

Tocat,  or  Tokaf,  city,  A.  Turkey,  on  the  river 
Tosanlu,  almost  surrounded  with  mountains, 
which  afford  quarries  of  marble.  It  is  the  resi- 
dence of  a  cadi,  a  waiwode,  and  an  aga,  com- 
manding a  thousand  janizaries.  The  inhabitants 
consist  of  20,000  Turkish  families,  4,000  Arme- 
nians, and  about  400  families  of  Greeks.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  silk  and  yellow  Turkey 
leather,  but  the  chief  trade  is  in  copper  vessels, 
kettles,  and  candlesticks,  which  are  sent  to  Con- 
stantinople, Egypt,  &c.  Tocat  may  be  consider- 
ed as  the  centre  of  trade  of  Asia  Minor.  The  car- 
avans from  Diarbek  arrive  in  18  days,  from  Bur- 
sa in  20,  from  Smyrna  in  27.  40  m.  N.  W.  Sivas, 
260  E.  Constantinople.  Lon.  36"  E.  Lat.  39" 
35' N. 

Tocayma,  t.  New-Grenada,  on  the  Bogota,  170 
m.  N.  E.  Popayan,  30  W.  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota. 
Lon.  73°  19'  W.  Lat.  4°  10'  N. 

Tockoa  Falls,  in  a  small  creek  of  the  same  name, 
which  runs  into  the  Tugaloo  in  Franklin  co.  Geo. 
The  water  which  is  collected  in  a  fine  basin  above 
the  falls,  flows  through  a  fissure  20  feet  wide  in 
the  rock,  and  falls  perpendicularly  187  feet,  ex- 
panding and  taking  the  shape  of  fine  rain,  before 
it  reaches  the  bottom. 

Tockholes,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  IV.  E. 
Chorley. 

Tocrur,  t.  Africa,  in  Nigritia,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Niger,  270  m.  E.  N.  E.  Tombuctou.  Lon.  6° 
5'E.  Lat.  16°  32' N. 

Tod  Head,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland,  in 
Kincardine,  5  m.  S  Stonehaven.  Lon.  2°  11'  W. 
Lat.  66"  51'  N. 


Todd,  CO.  Kentucky. 

Todd^s  Fork,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  Little  Miami  river,  5  m.  above  Deerfield. 

Todenhausen,  v.  Germany,  near  the  left  bank 
of  the  Weser,  3  m.  N.  Minden. 

Todi,  t.  Popedom,  near  the  Tiber,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  18  m.  W.  Spoleto,  53  N.  Rome.  Lon.  12' 
18' E.  Lat.  42°  47' N. 

Todos  Santos.     See  ^11  Saints. 

Toe  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Lewis,  42  m.  S.  W.  Stornaway. 
Lon.  7°  5'  W.  Lat.  57"  SO*  N. 

Toe  Head,  cape  of  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Cork.    Lon.  9"  9'  W.  Lat.  51°  27'  N. 

Tofta,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  E.  of  the  island  of 
Aland.   Lon.  20"  7 '  E.  Lat.  60°  13'  N. 

Toggenburg,  county,  Switzerland,  dependent  on 
the  abbey  of  St.  Gal,  bounded  N.  by  the  territory 
of  St.  Gal,  E.  by  Appenzell,  S.  by  the  county  of 
Sargans  and  the  territory  of  Gaster,  and  W.  by 
Zurich. 

Toissey,  t.  France,  24  m.  N.  Lyons. 

Tokay,  t.  Hungary,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Theyse 
and  Bodrog,  celebrated  for  its  wine.  98  m.  N.  W, 
Colosvar,  145  E.  Presburg.  Lon.  20°  57'  E.  Lat 
48°  10'  N.     Pop.  2,800. 

Token  Besseys,  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian  sea, 
Lon.  123°  36'  E.  Lat.  6°  S. 

Toki-tao,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China. 
Lot).  120"  39'  E.    Lat.  38°  7'  N. 

Tol  Peden  Penwitk,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Cornwall,  3  m.  S.  E.  Land's  End.  Lon.  5"  36' 
W.  Lat.  50°  4' N. 

Tolago  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  north- 
ern island  of  New  Zealand,  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  181°  15'  W.    Lat.  38°  22'  S. 

Toledo,  city,  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  on  the  Ta- 
gus,  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  an  university. 
Toledo  was  formerly  famous  for  the  exquisite  tem- 
per of  the  sword-blades  made  there.  Two  centu- 
ries ago  the  city  contained  more  than  200,000  in- 
habitants, but  now  scarcely  30,000.  32  m.  S.  S. 
W.Madrid.  Lon.4°18'W.  Lat.  39°  56' N. 

Tolen,  isl.  Netherlands,  in  the  east  branch  of 
the  Scheld.  It  contains  two  towns,  Tolen  and  St. 
Martyn's  Dyck,  and  several  villages.  Tolen, 
the  capital,  is  fortified  with  seven  bastions,  and  a 
fort,  so  that  it  is  now  one  of  the  strongest  frontier 
towns  of  Zealand.  4  m.  N.  W.  Berg-op-Zoom. 
Lon.  3°  58'  E,    Lat.  51"  36'  N. 

Tolentino,  t.  Popedom,  on  the  Chiento,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  18  ni.  W.  Fermo,  28  S.  S.  W.  Ancona 
Lon.  13°  18'  E.  Lat.  43°  10'  N. 

Tolfa,  t.  Popedom,  25  m.  N.  W.  Rome,  5  N.  E. 
Civita  Vecchia. 

Tolhuys,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Rhine,  6  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Emmerick. 

Tolkemit,  t.  Prussia,  on  the  Frisch  Haff,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Elbing,  44  S.  W.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  19°  33' 
E.  Lat.  54°  18' N. 

Tolland,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  Springfield. 
Pop.  798. 

Tolland,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts, 
E.  by  Windham  co.  S.  by  Middlesex  co.  and  W. 
by  Hartford  co.     Pop.  13,779. 

Tolland,  p-t  and  cai>.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  17  m.  N 
E.  Hartford.  Pop.  1,610.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  and  Congregational  church. 

Tolmezo,  t  Italy,  with  a  castle,  on  the  Taja- 
mento.  12  m.  N.  W.  Gemona,  15  N.  W.  Friuli. 
Lon.  12°  52"  E.  Lat.  46"  23'  N. 


TOM 

Tolmino,  t.  Austrian  states,  12  m.  N.  Goritz. 
Lon.  13"  47'  E.  Lat.  46°  12'  N. 

Tohia,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Danube,  50  m.  S. 
Buda,  120S.E.  Presburg. 

Tolo  Bay,  large  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Celebes.  Lon  121"  18'  to  123°  E.  Lat.  1°  30' 
to  3"  5'  S. 

Tolometo,  seaport,  Africa,  in  Tripoli,  anciently 
called  Ptolemias.     Lon.  20'^  40'  E.  Lat.  32"^  30'  N. 

Tolon,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lon.  23" 
E.  Lat.  37"  35'  N. 

Tolones,  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands. 
Lon.  124"  57'  E.  Lat.  12"  50'  N. 

Tolosa,  or  Tolosetta,  t.  Spain,  and  cap.  of  Gui- 
pusco,  celebrated  for  its  sword  blades.  7  m.  S.  St. 
Sebastian,  60  E.  S.  E.  Bilboa.  Lon.  2"  7'  W.  Lat. 
rJ°12'N. 

Tolour,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  14  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. Lon.  126°  28'  E.  Lat.  4°  12'  N. 

Toipas,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Schugor, 
in  lon.  58°  22' E.  Lat.  63"  40' N. 

Tolu,  seaport,  Nt  w  Grenada,  50  m.  S.  E.  Car- 
thagena.  Lon.  75"  2r/  W.  Lat.  9°  45'  N. 

ToiTi,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oby,  32  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Tomsk.  Lon.  84°  14'  E.  Lat.  56° 
40'  N. 

Tamar,  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Sillee, 
E.  by  Pachete,  S.  E.  by  Singboom,  and  W.  by 
?ifagpour.  Totnar,  the  capital,  is  145  m.  W.  Cal- 
cutta. Lon.  85°  53'  E.  Lat.  23°  10'  N., 

To'rhar.    See  Thomar. 

Tombali;  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lon.  4"  56'  W.  Lat  10"  48'  N. 

Tombigbee,  or  Tonibeckbee,  r.  Alabama,  which 
rises  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  and  flowing 
south,  joins  the  Alabama  about  70  miles  from  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  to  form  the  Mobile.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  vessels  to  FortStoddert,  44  miles,  and 
at  some  seasons  to  St.  Stephens.  It  is  about  450 
miles  long,  and  navigable  for  boats  to  the  junction 
of  the  Black  Warrior. 

Tombstone.,  p-v.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 

Tombv.ctou,  city,  Africa,  and  capital  of  a  rich 
and  populous  kingdom,  supposed  to  have  been 
built  in  the  13th  century.  The  caravans  of  Tri- 
poli, Fez,  and  other  parts  of  Africa,  trade  to  this 
city.  The  houses  are  said  to  have  been  formerly 
magnificent,  but  at  present  only  built  of  wood, 
and  covered  with  straw  or  turf,  except  a  magnifi- 
cent mosque  of  stone,  and  the  royal  palace.  The 
population  has  been  estimated  at  60,000.  The 
country  abounds  in  millet,  wheat,  and  barley,  and 
is  well  watered  by  a  number  of  wells  and  springs  : 
cattle  are  numerous,  and  milk  and  butter  in  great 
plenty.  The  dearest  article  is  salt,  which  is  pur- 
chased from  Tegaza.  Cloth  and  other  European 
manufactures  and  produce  are  sent  to  Tombuc- 
tou  by  the  Caravans,  and  exchanged  for  ivory, 
slaves,  sena,  gold-dust,  dates,  ostrich  feathers,  &c. 
brought  from  the  interior  of  Africa.  The  king  of 
Tombuctou  is  despotic;  his  general  guard  con- 
sists of  3,000  horsemen,  well  armed  with  bows 
and  poisoned  arrows,  besides  a  number  of  foot. 
Tombuctou  is  said  to  contain  a  great  number  of 
ingenious  mechanics.  It  is  situated  near  the  Ni- 
ger. Lon.  1"  30'  E.  Lat.  16°  30'  N. 

Tome,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  France. 
Lon.  3"  24'  W.  Lat.  48"  50'  N. 

Tomina,  a  government  of  Buenos  Ayres.  To- 
mina,  the  chief  town,  is  60  m.  E.  N.  E.  La  Plata. 
Lon.  65"  46'  W.  Lat.  19°  10'  S. 

Tomoguy,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  2  miles  in 
circumference.  Lon.  127"  4'  E.  Lat.  0°  15'  S. 


TON 


739 


Tompkins,  co.  N.  Y.  formed  in  1817,  from  part 
of  Seneca  and  Cayuga  counties.     Chief  town, 

Tompkins,  p-t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  27  m.  S.  W. 
Delhi,  100  from  Albany.  Pop.  896.  It  contains 
the  village  of  Deposit. 

Tompkinsville,  p-v.  Barren  co.  Ken. 
Tom's  Creek,  r.  N.  J.  w^hich  separates  Dover 
from  Shrewsbury. 

Tom  Shot  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Africa. 
Lon.  7"  40'  E.  Lat.  4"  40'  N. 

Tomsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tom.  It 
contains  above  2,000  houses,  and  is  defended  by 
14  pieces  of  cannon.  The  inhabitants  carrj'  on  a 
considerable  trade;  all  caravans  going  to  and 
from  China  pass  through  this  town.  Here  are  all 
kinds  of  tradesmen  and  artificers.  540  m.  E.  To- 
bolsk, 161  N.  N.  E.  Kolivan.  Lon.  85"  14'  E.  Lat. 
56°  30'  N. 

Toncat,  or  Tunkat,  or  Tangut,  t.  Turkestan, 
near  the  river  Sir.  250  m,  N.  E.  Samarcand.  Lon. 
64°  15'  E  Lat.  43"  10'  .N. 

Tondem,  t.  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  with  consid- 
erable trade  in  corn,  cattle,  and  fine  lace.  22  m. 
S.  Rippen,  37  N.  W.  Sleswick.  Lon.  8°  50'  E.  Lat. 
54°  59'  N.     Pop.  2,584. 

Tondray,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  6  miles  in 
circumference,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Shetland. 
Lon.  1"  30'  W.  Lat.  60"  9'  N. 

Tondy,  t.  Hind,  in  Marawar,  on  the  sea  coast, 
35  m.  S.  S.  E.  Trumian,  65  S.  Tanjore.  Lon.  79° 
2'  E.  Lat.  9°  42'  N. 

Tone,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Parret,  be- 
tween Langford  and  Bridgewater. 

Tong,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  S.  E.  Brad- 
ford. 

Tong,  a  city  of  China,  of  tTve  second  rank,  in 
Pe-tche-li,  on  the  Pay-ho,  10  m.  E.  Peking.  Lon. 
116"  20' E.  Lat.  40"  56' N. 

Tonga  Islands,  a  name  given  to  the  Friendly 
islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  including  the 
island  of  Vavaoo.     See  Friendly  Islands. 

Tongatabnn  Island,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands 
in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  about  60  miles  in  circuit. 
The  island  is  low,  but  has  the  appearance  of  great 
fertility,  producing  plantains,  bread-fruit,  yams, 
&c.  in  abundance.  Lon.  185°  14'  E.    Lat.  21°  9'  S. 

Tonga,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  near  Manches- 
ter. 

Tongeren,  or  Tongres,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege. 
This  town  is  ancient,  and  was  formerly  governed 
by  dukes.  9  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Liege.  Lon.  5"  28'  E. 
Lat.  50"  46'  N.     Pop.  2,973. 

Tong-gin,  a  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Koei-tcheou,  850  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  108" 
37' E.  Lat.  27"  39' N. 

Tongoy,  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocoan,  in  lat.  30°  10'  S. 

Tong-tchouen,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Sc-tchHcn,  1,000  m.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  103°  2' E. 
Lat.  26°  20'  N. 

Tongue,  t.  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Suther- 
land, on  a  bay  called  the  Kyle  of  Tongue.  Lon,  4" 
14' W.  Lat.  58"  27' N. 

To7igue  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Mergui  archipe- 
lasro.  Lat.  9"52'N. 

Tonhof,  lake  of  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  55  m 
N.  W,  Christiania. 

Tonikaky,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  ocean,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  99°  31'  E.  Lat.  5" 
31'  N. 

Tomuins,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  13| 


740 


TOP 


TOR 


posts  S.  E.  Bourdeaux,  20i  N.  N.  W.  Toulouse. 
Lon.  0''24'E.  Lat.  44"23'N. 

Tonnerre,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  18  m.  E.  N,  E. 
Auxerre,  27  S.  S.  W.  Troyes.  Lon.  4°  3'  E.  Lat. 
47°  51'  N.  Pop.  4,040. 

Tonnerre,  mountain,  Germany,  15  m.  N.  W. 
Worms. 

Tontuwania  Creek,  N.  Y.  rises  in  Genesee  co. 
and  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  runs  into  the  Niag- 
ara, 10  m.  below  Black  rock.  It  is  a  deep  slug- 
gish stream,  boatable  30  miles.  The  Erie  canal 
strikes  it  1 1  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  the  channel 
of  the  river  thence  to  its  mouth,  forms  the  canal 
route. 

Tonningen,  seaport,  Denmark,  in  Sleswick,  on 
a  peninsula  formed  by  the  Eider.  57  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Hamburg,  24  W.  S.  W.  Sleswick.  Lon.  9"  E. 
Lat.  54°  23'  N. 

Tonnomaia,  one  of  the  smaller  Friendly  islands, 
11  m.  S.Annamooka. 

Tonquin,  country,  Asia,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
China,  S.  by  the  bay  of  Tonquin,  and  Cochin  Chi- 
na, and  W,  by  Laos,  about  350  miles  long,  and  220 
broad.  The  climate  is  mild  and  temperate,  the 
country  is  low  and  flat,  and  rice  is  the  principal 
production.  Towards  China,  Tonquin  is  defend- 
ed by  an  iinpenetrablc  ridge  of  mountains,  which 
are  covered  with  vast  forests.  The  country  is 
very  populous.  The  religion  is  the  same  M'ith 
that  of  the  Chinese,  Christianity  was  planted 
here  in  the  year  1626,  by  the  Jesuits,  and  above 
80,000  were  converted  before  1639,  but  the  perse- 
cution of  the  government  prevented  their  in- 
crease. 

Tonsberg,  seaport,  Norway,  in  Aggerhuus,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Baltic,  42  m.  S.  Christiauia.  Lon.  10° 
12' E.  Lat.  59°  23' N. 

Tonvore,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  W.  of  tlie 
island  of  Hay.  Lon.  6°  27'  W.  Lat.  55°  5 1 '  N. 

Tonya's  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  119°  E.  Lat.  5°  31' S. 

Toobigan,  small  isl.  in  the  Sooloo  archipelago. 
Lon.  120°  44'  E.  Lat  6°  14'  N. 

Toobonai  Island,  one  of  the  smaller  Society  isl- 
ands, in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  210"  37'  II. 
Lat.  23°  25'  S. 

Toofoa,  one  of  the  Friendly  islands,  visible  from 
Annamooka. 

Toolen,  or  TuUen,  (i.  e.  the  Isle  of  Seals,)  small 
isl.  in  the  Caspian  sea,  near  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  44° 
14'  N. 

Tooliapnvr,  t.  Hind,  in  Dowlatabad,  144  m.  N. 
W.  Hydrabad.  Lon.  76°  35'  E.  Lat.  18°  20'  N. 

Toom,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  Tungeba- 
dra,  15  m.  S.  E.  Sanore. 

Toone,  r.  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the  Lee,  15 
m.  W.  Cork. 

To(Kima,  one  of  the  small  Japanese  islands,  near 
the  N.W.  coast  of  Niphon.  Lon.  140°  40' E.  Lat. 
40°  40'  N. 

Top,  lake  of  Russia,  in  Olonetz,  44  miles  long, 
and  8  broad.  Lon.  30°  14'  E.  Lat.  61°  N. 

Topayas,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  river 
Amazon,  in  lon.  57°  6'  W.  Lat.  2"  30'  S. 

Topel,  r.  Bohemia,  which  runs  into  the  Egra, 
near  Carhbad. 

Topers  Haf,  small  isl.  in  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast 
of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  135"33'  E.  Lat.  3°  5'  S. 

Topeiina,  t.  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
Bear  the  Pacific  ccan.  50  m.  N.  W.  Zacatula. 
Lon.  103°  44'  W.  Lat.  18°  56'  N. 

Tophe!,  in  Sac.  Geog.  place  in  the  valley  of 


Hinnom,  near  Jerusalem,  famous  as  the  seat  of 
worship  of  the  idol  Moloch. 

Topi,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
N.  coast  of  Elba.  Lon.  11°  30' E.  Lat.  42°  51' N. 

Topino,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Tiber,  5 
m.  S.  Perugia. 

Toplitz,  t.  Bohemia,  40  m.  N.  W.  Prague.  Lon. 
13°  51'  E.  Lat.  50°  37'  N.     Pop.  2,350. 

Tojisjidd,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  9  m.  N.  Salem. 
Pop.  815. 

Topsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  river 
Ex,  and  the  port  town  to  the  city  of  Exeter.  4  m. 
S.  Exeter,  170  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  24'  W. 
Lat.  50°  38' N.     Pop.  2,871. 

Topsham,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, opposite  Brunswick,  27  m.  W.  Wiscasset. 
Pop.  1,271.  The  courts  of  common  pleas  are  held 
here.  Here  are  a  great  number  of  mills  and  man- 
ufactories, erected  at  the  falls  of  the  river. 

Topsail  Inlet,  channel  between  two  small  isl- 
ands on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina.  Lon.  77°  48'  W. 
Lat.  34°  18'  N. 

Tor,  a  seaport  of  Arabia,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Red  sea,  formerly  a  place  of  consequence,  but  at 
present  in  a  ruinous  state.  The  monks  of  Mount 
Sinai  have  a  convent  here.  Lon.  33°  37'  E.  Lat. 
28°  10'  N. 

Tor  Point,  or  Hope's  J^ose,  cape,  Eng.  on  the 
coast  of  Devonshire,  forming  the  N.  point  of  Tor- 
bay. 

Toral,  El,  seaport  of  Chili.   Lat.  27°  55'  S. 

Torbay,  bay  in  the  English  channel,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Devonshire,  a  celebrated  rendezvous  for 
the  English  navy,  as  a  defence  from  westerly 
Avinds.  Lon.  3°  33'  W.  Lat.  50"  24'  N. 

Torbay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
Lon.  52"  20'  W.  Lat.  47°  48'  N. 

Torbay,  t.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lon. 
6l°15'W.  Lat.  45°  8' N. 

Torbia,  t.  Italy,  7  m.  E.  Nice. 

Torbole,  t.  Tyrolese,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  lake 
Garda,  17  m.  N.  Garda,  17  W.  S.  W.  Trent. 

Torcello,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  with  a  town 
of  the  same  name,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  3  m.  N. 
Venice.     Fop.  9,000. 

Torcola,  small  isl.  in  the  Adriatic.  Lon.  16°  54' 
E.  Lat.  43°  27' N. 

Tarda,  or  Torenbtirg,  t.  Transylvania,  famous 
for  its  salt  works,  15  m.  W.  N.  W.  Clausenburg, 
48  N.  W.  Hermanstadt.  Lon.  23°  24'  E.  Lat.  46° 
42- N. 

Tordera,  r.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  which  runs  in- 
to the  sea,  near  Blanes. 

Tordesillas,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  Duero,  13 
m.  S.  W.  Valadolid. 

Tordino,  r.  Naples,  which  crosses  Abruzzo  Ul- 
tra, and  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  in  lon.  14°  E.  Lat. 
42°  40'  N. 

Toree,  t.  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  circar  of  the  same 
name,  in  Bengal,  210  m.  W.  Calcutta,  120  S.  Pat- 
na.  Lon.  84°  53' E.  Lat.  22°  37' N. 

Torello,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  m.  N.  Vique. 

Torgau,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  28  m.  E.  N.  E.  Leipsic,  30  N.  W.  Meissen. 
Lon.  13"  3'  E.  Lat.  51°  32'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Torgel,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  65°  30'  N. 

Toriesdalc  Head,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Scot- 
land.    Lon.  4°  10'  V^.  Lat.  58°  30'  N. 

Torin  Rocks,  cluster  of  rocks  near  the  S,  W\ 
coastof  the  island  of  Mull.  Lon.  6° ^8' W.  Lat. 
66° 16'  N. 


TOR 

Torisa,  r.  En.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the  Ma- 
riza,  at  Adrianople. 

Tormes,  r.  Spain,  which  enters  the  Duero,  a  few 
leagues  below  Miranda  de  Duero, 

TomarsvJc,  isl,  near  the  W.  coast  of  West 
Greenland.     Lon.  47°  30'  W.  Lat.  61°  50'  N. 

Tomea,  r.  Sweden,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  at  Tornea,  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ulea. 

Tomea,  or  Torne,  t.  Sweden,  on  a  small  island 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Tornea,  near  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia.  A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on 
here,  between  the  Swedes  and  Laplanders,  Rus- 
sians and  Norwegians.  Lon.  24"  2'  E.  Lat.  05" 
48' N. 

Tornese,  cape  on  the  coast  of  the  Morea,  8  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Chiarenza. 

Torness,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Stronsa.     Lon.  2"  29'  W,  Lat.  58°  56'  N. 

Toro,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  coast  of  Swe- 
den.    Lon.  17°  40'  E.  Lat.  58°  49'  N. 

Toro,  II,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Lon.  8°  34'  E.  Lat.  39°  N. 

Toro,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  summit  of  a  hill 
above  the  Duero,  over  which  is  a  bridge  of  22 
arches.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  17  m.  E.  Za- 
mora,  105  N.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  5°  37'  W.  Lat.  41" 
45'  N.     Pop.  6,600. 

Torom,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oby,  24 
m.  E.  Surget. 

Toron,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  on  a  neck 
of  land  between  the  gulf  of  Monte  Santo  and  the 
gulf  of  Cassandra,  60  m.  S.  E.  Saloniki.  Lon.  23° 
54' E.  Lat.  40°  N. 

Toronto,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  lake  On- 
tario, W.  of  York. 

Torpichen,  t.  Scotland,  in  Linlithgowshire,  2  m. 
S.  Linlithgow. 

Torre  del  Acri,  or  Agri,t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata, 
on  the  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  25  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Matera. 

Torre  del  Greco,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Capua. 

Torre  de  Moncorvo,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los 
Montes,  42  m.  S.  S.  W.  Braganca,  27  N.  E.  Mi- 
randela,     Lon.  6°  44'  W,  Lat.  41°  N. 

Torre  d'Oglio,  t.  Italy,  11  m.  S.  S,  W.Mantua. 

Torre  Rosso,  t.  Naples,  10  m.  N.  Tarento. 

Torre  de  las  Salinas,  t.  Spain,  in  Valentia,  near 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean.  Here  are  the 
largest  salt-works  in  Spain.  20  m.  S.  E.  Origuela, 
37  N.  N.  E.  Garthagena. 

Torre  Felha,  fort,  Portugal,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Tagus,  3  m.  S.  Lisbon. 

Torredal,  r.  Norway,  which  runs  into  the  sea, 
near  Christiansand. 

Torrella  de  Mongri,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Ter,  near  its  mouth,  18  m.  E. 
Gerona. 

Torres,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,  9  m.  E.  Velez  Malaga. 

Torres  Islands,  cluster  of  islands,  in  the  Indian 
Sea,  near  the  coast  of  Siam.  Lon.  96°  50'  to  97° 
E.  Lat.  11°  25' to  11°  48' N. 

Torres  Vedras,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  21 
m.  N.  Lisbon. 

Torrimore  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Skye.  Lon.  6°  2'  W.  Lat. 
57°  22'  N. 

Torrin-beg,  rock,  on  the  S.  W.  of  the  island  of 
Mull.     Lon.  6°  20'  W.  Lat.  56°  19'  N. 

Torringford,  p-v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct 

Torrington,  (Great,)  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on 
the  Towridge,  10  m.  S.  W.  Barnstaple,  194  W.  S. 


T  O  S 


741 


W.  London.    Lon.  3°  58'  W.  Lat.  51°  5'  N.    Pop. 
2,034. 

Torrington,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  23  m.  N.  W. 
Hartford,  7  N.  E.  Litchfield.  Pop.  1,586.  Here 
is  one  of  the  largest  woollen  factories  in  the  State, 
employing  40  workmen. 

Torrington  Bay,  or  Bedford's  Bay,  bay  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  3  m.  N.  Halifax. 

Torryburn,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  on  the 
Frith  of  Forth. 

Torso,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  22°  14'  E.  Lat.  63°  37'  N. 

Tortola,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands.  The  chief 
productions  are  sugar  and  cotton.  Lon.  64°  20'  E. 
Lat.  18°  20'  N.  Pop.  in  1805,  10,500,  of  whom 
9,000  were  slaves. 

Tortona,  t.  Piedmont,  on  the  Scrinia,  with  a 
good  citadel,  situated  on  an  eminence.  This  place 
has  often  been  taken  and  retaken  during  the  wars 
in  Italy.  9  m.  E.  Alexandria,  US.  Lumello. 
Lon.  8°  52'  I-:.  Lat.  44°  53'  N.     Pop.  8,480. 

Tortosa,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  near  the  Ebro, 
about  15  miles  from  its  mouth ;  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
The  most  remarkable  buildin^js  are  the  cathedral 
and  the  castle.  81  m.  S.  E.  Saragossa,  77  S.  W. 
Barcelona.  Lon.  0°  26'  E.  Lat.  40°  47'  N.  Pop, 
10,700. 

Tortosa,  s-p.  Syria,  in  the  pachalic  of  Tripoli, 
anciently  called  Antaradus  and  Orthonia.  It  is  on 
the  sea,  and  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in  cir- 
cumference. At  the  N.  W.  corner  there  are  re- 
mains of  a  castle,  and  the  present  town  is  within 
the  walls  of  it,  which  are  strong,  and  built  of  large, 
hewn  stone,  and  at  least  50  feet  high,  35  m.  N. 
Tripoli,  42  S.  Ladikia.  Lon.  35"  58'  E.  Lat.  34" 
55'  N. 

Tortosa,  r.  Syria,  which  runs  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, between  Antioch  and  Tripoli. 

Tortue,  r,  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Wabash, 
between  fort  Harrison  and  Tippecanoe, 

Toriuga  Salada,  isl,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  about 
36  m,  in  circumference.  It  is  principally  valuable 
for  its  salt-ponds.  The  turtles  come  into  the  sandy 
bays  to  lay  their  eggs,  and  hence  the  island  has 
its  name.     Lon.  64°  30'  W,  Lat.  11°  7'  N. 

Tortuga,  isl.  about  6  m.  from  the  N.  coast  of 
Hispaniola,  40  m.  in  circumference.  Lon.  72°  40* 
W.  Lat.  20°  5' N. 

Tortugas  Point,  the  S.  point  of  the  port  of  Co- 
quimbo,  on  the  coast  of  Chili.    Lat.  29°  37'  S. 

Tortugas  Shoals,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  50'  W.  Lat.  24° 
36' N. 

Tortugas,  Dry,  shoals  in  the  Florida  stream,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  82''  25' 
W.  Lat.  24°  40'  N. 

Toriugilla,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main.  Lon. 
76°20'W.  Lat.  8"45'N. 

Torlura,  or  Tantur,  t,  Palestine,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Mediterranean,  called  in  scripture  Dor,  Dora^ 
and  J^ephath.  Joshua  took  it  from  the  Caaaan- 
ites,  and  it  fell  to  the  tribe  of  Manas.sch,  It  is  at 
present  a  village  only.  15  m.  S.  Acre.  Lon.  34° 
2'  E.  Lat.  32"  35'  N. 

Tory,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  7  m.  N.  from 
Bloody  {■'arland  Point,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  7'  W.  Lat.  55°  16'  N. 

Tosa,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  23  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Gerona.  Lon.  2°  48'  E.  Lat.  41°  43/  N.  Pop.  2,400. 

Tosanlu,  r,  Natolia,  which  waters  the  city  of 
Tocat,  and  afterwards  joins  the  Jekil-ermak.  It 
was  anciently  called  Lyctis, 

Toscanella,  t  Popedom,  the  .«ee  of  a  bishop,  9  m. 


742 


T  O  U 


W.  S.  W.  Viterbo,  22  N.  Civita  Vecchia.     Lon. 
ir52'E.Lat.  42"24'N. 

Toscolano,  t.  Italy,  on  a  small  river  which  runs 
into  Lake  Garda,  6  m.  E.  N.  E.  Salo.     Pop.  2,300. 

Tosino,  r.  Italy  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic. 
Lon.  13°  33'  E.  Lat.  42°  57'  N. 

Tosna,  r.  Russia,  which,  runs  into  the  Neva, 
near  Pella,  in  the  government  of  Petersburg. 

Toss,  r.  Switz.  which  runs  into  the  Rhine,  2  m. 
S.  E.  Eglislau,  in  Zurich. 

Tostar,  or  Suster,  t.  Persia,  and  cap.  of  Chusis- 
tan,  on  the  Sable,  where  the  king;s  of  Persia  had  a 
magnificent  palace,  and  kept  their  archives.  It  is 
in  scripture  called  Shuskaii,  and  the  river  is  nam- 
ed Ulai.  At  present  thei-e  are  some  manufactures 
of  silks,  stuffs,  and  rich  cloth.  150  m.  S.  W.  Ispa- 
han.    Lon.  48"  48'  E.  Lat.  32°  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Tola  Island,  or  Island  of  Plantains,  isl.  of  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Sherbro. 

Tolma,  t.  Russia,  in  Vologda,  92  m.  N.  E.  Vo- 
logda.    Lon  42"  34'  E.  Lat.  60°  10'  N. 

Totness,  t.  Eng.  in  Devonshire,  on  the  Dart, 
about  12  m.  from  the  English  Channel,  It  is  an 
ancient  borough,  sending  two  members  to  parlia- 
ment. 23  m.  S,  Exeter,  196  W.  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  3"  46'  W.  Lat.  50°  25'  N.     Pop.  2,225. 

Totoral,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Chili.     Lat,  29°  20'  S. 

Toltenkam,  i,  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  5  m,  N.  E. 
London. 

Tottington,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  near  Roch- 
dale. 

Toucques.  s-p,  France,  in  Calvados,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Honfleur. 

Touc]j,  t.  France,  in  Yonn*-,  12  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Auxerre,  10  N.  E.  St.  Fargeau. 

Toul,  t,  France,  in  Meurte,  on  the  Moselle,  and 
regularly  fortified,  12  m.  W.  Nancy,  9  S,  Metz. 
Lon.  5"  59'  E.  Lat.  48°  41' N.     Pop.  6,949. 

Toulomba,  t.  and  fort.  Hind-  in  Moultan,  on  the 
Rauvee,  50  m.  N.  E,  Moultan,  Lon.  72°  25'  E, 
Lat.  30°  59'  N. 

Toulon,  city  and  s-p,  Frnnce,  and  cap.  of  the 
Var,  strongly  fortified.  The  old  and  new  harbor 
lie  contiguous,  and,  by  means  of  a  canal,  commu- 
nicate with  one  another,  both  having  an  outlet  in- 
to the  spacious  outer  harbor,  which  is  naturally 
almost  of  a  circular  figure,  very  large,  and  sur- 
rounded with  hills.  The  entrance  on  both  sides 
is  defended  by  a  fort,  with  strong  batteries.  The 
new  harbor,  which  is  a  work  of  Louis  XIV.  is  well 
defended  by  batteries,  and  round  it  stands  the  ar- 
senal, containing  spacious  working  houses  for 
blacksmiths,  joiners,  carpenters,  locksmiths,  carv- 
ers, &c.  The  rope-house  is  built  wholly  of  free- 
stone, and  is  320  toises  long.  The  general  maga- 
zine here  contains  an  immense  quantity  of  all 
kinds  of  stores.  7J  posts  E.  Marseilles,  105:J  S.  S. 
E.  Paris.  Lon.  6"  E.  Lat.  43°  7'  N.  Pop.  29,760. 

Toulon  en  Charollois,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and 
Loire,  16  m.  N.  W.  Charolles.  Lon.  4"  13'  E. 
Lat.  46°  41'  N. 

Toulouse,  t.  France,  and  rap.  of  Upper  Garonne, 
on  the  Garonne.  In  the  6th  century,  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Goths.  Before  the 
revolution,  it  was  the  capital  of  Languedoc  and 
see  of  an  archbishop.  Its  trade  is  inconsiderable. 
The  University  here  was  founded  in  1228.  Here 
is  also  an  academy  of  the  sciences  and  liberal  arts. 
A  little  below  the  city,  the  celebrated  canal  of 
Languedoc  joins  the  Garonne,  which  here  be- 
comes navigable.    34  posts  S.  E.  Bourdeaux,  £'5i 


TOW 

S.  Paris,     Lon.  1°  32'  E.  Lat.  43°  35'  N.     Pop. 
50,171. 

Toum,  t.  Syria,  6  m.  N,  E.  Damascus. 

Touna,  or  Sheik  Abdaltah,  small  isl.  of  Egypt, 
in  Lake  Menzaleh,  3  m.  W.  Tennis. 

Tounsc,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  Ganges, 
20  m.  below  Allahabad. 

Tour  de  Cordovan,  fort,  on  the  coast  of  France, 
in  Gironde,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Garonne,  whose 
summit  is  300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  Lon. 
1°  4'  W.  Lat.  44°  35'  N. 

Tbur  du  Pin,  (La,)  t.  France,  in  Isere,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Rhone,  27  m.  S.  E.  Lyons,  23  N,  N. 
W.  Grenoble.  Lon,  5°  32'  E,  Lat.  45°  34'  N.  Pop, 
3,099. 

Tour  de  Rosel,  cape  of  the  island  of  Jersey,  5  m. 
N.  N.  E.  St.  Helier. 

Tour  de  Roussillon,  (La,)  t.  France,  in  Eastern 
Pyrenees,  on  the  Tet,  3  m.  E.  Perpignan. 

Tour  la  Ville,  t.  France,  in  Channel,  celebra- 
ted for  its  manufacture  of  glass  ;  almost  joining  to 
Cherburg.     Pop.  3,406. 

Touraine,  before  the  revolution  a  province  of 
France,  bounded  E.  by  Orleannois,  S.  by  Berry 
and  Poitou,  W.  by  Anjov,  and  N.  by  Maine. 
Tours  was  the  capital. 

Toumai/,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Flanders,  on  the 
Scheldt,  considered  the  most  ancient  town  of  Bel- 
gic  Gaul,  being  Ibunded  600  years  before  Christ, 
and  anciently  the  capital  of  the  Nervij.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  The  city  has  often  been  taken 
and  laid  waste  in  the  different  wars  between  the 
French,  English,  and  Flemings.  3  posts  E.  Lille, 
31  N.  Paris.  Lon.  3°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  35'  N.  Pop. 
21,349. 

Tournon,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  12  m, 
E.  Villeueuve  d' Agen,  19  N.  E.  Agen.  Pop.  7,817. 

Tournon,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  on  the  Rhone, 
22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Privas,  9  N.  Valence.  Lon.  4°  54' 
E.  Lat.  45°  4'  N.     Pop.  3,300. 

Tournus,  t.  France,  in  Saone  and  Loire,  on  the 
Saone,  .3  posts  S.  Chalons  sur  Saone,  2|  N.  Macon. 
Lon.  5"  E.  Lat.  46°  34'  N.     Pop.  4,615. 

Tours,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Iiidre  and 
Loire,  on  the  Loire.  Before  the  revolution  it  was 
the  capital  of  Touraine,  and  see  of  an  archbishop. 
Pop.  22,000.  47  posts  N.  E.  Bourdeaux,  29^  S. 
S.  W.  Paris.    Lon.  0°  16'  E.  Lat.  47°  25'  N. 

Tourlerelles,  small  islands  in  the  Indian  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Africa,     Lat.  1 1°  50'  N. 

Tourrcs,  t.  France,  in  Var,  4  ra.  S.  E,  St,  Maxi- 
min.     Pop.  2,722. 

Tou-yun,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in  Koei- 
tcheou,  955  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  107°  2'  E. 
Lat.  26°  12'  N. 

Toua,  r.  Wales,  in  Caermarthen,  which  runs 
into  the  Tave,  at  St.  Clare. 

Toicumensing,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop.  488. 

Touan  Head,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Cornwall.     Lon.  4"  57'  W.  Lat.  50°  26'  N. 

Towar,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Lon.  124"  25'  E.  Lat.  1"  18'  N. 

Towcester,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton,  9  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Northampton,  60  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1° 
W.  Lat.  52"  9'  N.     Pop.  2,245. 

Towerhill,  v.  in  South  Kingston,  R.  1. 10  m.  W, 
Newport, 

Tower  Island,  small  isl,  in  the  E,  Indian  Sea. 
Lon.  124°  44'  E.  Lat.  9°  2'  S. 

Townsend,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Upper  Canada.  It 
contains  2  churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and 
1  for  Methodists. 


T  R  A 

Tow7isend,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  32  m.  S.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,113. 

Townsend,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  44  m.  N.  W. 
Boston.     Pop.  1,246. 

Towridgc,  r.  Eng.  which  joins  the  Taw  near  Ap- 
pledore,  in  Devonshire. 

Towton,  V.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  S.  E.  Tad- 
caster,  185  N.  London. 

Towi/,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Caermarthen,  6  m.  below  Caermarthen. 

Tom/n,  or  Town,  Merionydd,  t.  North- Wales, 
in  Merioneth  co.  close  to  the  shore  of  the  Irish  Sea, 
12  m.  W.  Machynlleth.     Pop.  2,092. 

Toxteth  Park,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire.  3  m.  S.  E. 
Liverpool. 

Traarbach,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
on  the  Moselle,  34  m.  S.  W.  Coblentz,  20  E.  N.  E. 
Trebes.     Lon.  7°  5'  E.  Lat.  50°  N.     Pop.  700. 

Tracada,  v.  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  New- Bruns- 
wick, 12  m.  N.  E.  Miramichi  bay. 

Tracaduche,  or  Carleton,  settlement  on  the  N. 
side  of  Chaleur  Bay,  in  Lower  Canada. 

Trachenberg,  or  Straburck,  t.  Silesia,  14  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Militsch,  23  N.  W.  Oels.  Lon.  16°  50'  E. 
Lat  51°  28' N.     Pop.  1,900. 

Trachonitis,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  province  in  the 
country  E.  of  the  Jordan,  between  Palestine  and 
Coelo-Syria,  and  bordering  on  the  desert  of 
Arabia. 

Tracy'' s  landing,  p-v.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md. 

Trader's  hill,  or  Fort  Alert,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
St.  Mary's  river,  Geo.  40  m.  above  St.  Mary's. 

Traeth  Bichan,  bay  of  the  Irish  Sea,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Wales,  2  m.  N.  Harlech, 

Traeth  Mawer,  bay  of  the  Irish  Sea,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Wales,  4.  ra.  N.  Harlech. 

Trafalgar,  Cape,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Andalu- 
sia. Lon.  6°  8'  W.  Lat  36°  W  N.  Off  this  cape, 
on  21st  Oct.  1805,  was  obtained  the  celebrated 
victory  of  the  British  fleet  commanded  by  Lord 
Nelson,  over  the  combined  fleets  of  France  and 
Spain.     Nelson  lost  his  life  in  the  action. 

Trafalgar,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  S.W.  of  York. 

Trafaria,  fort,  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  Tagus,  6  m.  S,  W.  Lisbon. 

Tragonisi,  or  Dragonisi,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago, 2  m.  W.  Myconi.  Lon.  25°  30'  E.  Lat. 
37°  27'  N. 

Trajanopoli,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  the 
Mariza,  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop,  40  m.  S. 
Adrianople,  1 15  W.  Constantinople.    Pop.  15,000. 

Trajetto,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Garigliano,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  6  m.  S.  W. 
Sezza,  28  N.  W.  Capua. 

Train,  La,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Superior,  affording  a  good  route  of  com- 
munication between  this  lake  and  Lake  Michigan. 
Traina,  t.  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Demona,  on  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  56  m.  S.  E.  Cefalu.  Pop, 
6,316. 

Traitor'' s  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small  islands,  in  a 
bay  of  New  Guinea.     Lon.  137°  E.  Lat.  1°  12'  S. 

Traitor'' s  Island,  one  of  the  Friendly  islands  in 

the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon.  173°  48'  W.  Lat.  15°55'N, 

Traitor'' i  Island,  or  KeppeVa  Island,  isl.  in  the 

Pacific  Ocean.     Lon.  172°  33'  to  175°  13'  W.  Lat. 

15°  53'  S. 

Tralee,  t.  Ireland,  and  cap.  of  Kerry  co.  50  m.  S. 
W.  Limerick,  45  N.  W.  Cork.  Lon.  9°  35'  W. 
Lat.  52°  16'  N. 


T  R  A 


743 


TraZieJorg-,  s-p.  Sweden,  19  m.  S.Lund.  Lon. 
12°  54'  E.  Lat.  55°  20'  N. 

Tra  los  Monies.    See  Tras  los  Monies. 
Tramin,  t.  Tyrol,  on  a  branch  of  the  Adige,  8 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Bolzano. 

Tramutul,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  13  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Potenza.     Pop.  4,018, 

Trancoso,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tra  los  Montes,  9  m. 
W.  Pinhel. 

Trangano,  t,  Asia,  in  Johore,  near  the  sea,  1 10 
m.  N.  Pahang.     Lon,  103"  5'  E.  Lat.  5°  30'  N. 

Trani,  city,  Naples,  and  cap.  of  Bari ;  the  see 
of  an  archbishop,  21  m.  W.  Bari,  104  E.  N.  E.  Na- 
ples.   Lon.  16°  28'  E.  Lat.  41°  19'  N.    Pop.  13,787. 

Tranquehar,  s-p.  Hind,  in  Tanjore,  on  the  coast 
of  Coromandel,  with  a  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  one 
of  the  branches  of  the  Cauvery,  defended  by  a  for- 
tress, erected  by  the  Danes,  in  1621.  This  town 
has  been  a  station  of  the  Danish  Mission  College 
since  the  year  1705.  There  are  at  present  two 
missionaries  here  supported  by  the  king  of  Den- 
mark. The  English  Church  Missionary  Society 
have  also  one  missionary  here,  and  schools  con- 
taining about  1,600  scholars.  The  territory  be- 
longing to  the  town  is  considerable,  and  is  full  of 
populous  villages.  56  m.  S.  Pondicherry,  145  S. 
by  W.  Madras.     Lon,  79°  54'  E.  Lat.  1 1°  1'  N. 

Tranquillo,  cape  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island  of 
Rhodes.     Lon.  27°  28'  E.  Lat.  36°  2'  N. 

Transylvania,  {Principality  of,)  country,  Eu- 
rope, bounded  N.  by  Hungary,  Poland,  and  Mol- 
davia ;  E.  by  Moldavia ;  S.  by  Walachia  and  the 
bannat  of  Temoswar,  and  W,  by  Hungary.  The 
form  is  nearly  oval,  about  400  m.  in  circumfer- 
ence. It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lofty  moun- 
tains, and  is  itself  mountainous  and  woody.  The 
air  is  generally  warm,  but  more  wholesome  than 
that  of  Hungary ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  abounding  in 
corn,  wine,  cattle,  and  rich  pastures  ;  among  the 
minerals  are  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  quicksil- 
ver, cinnabar,  antimony,  sulphur,  vitriol,  rock- 
salt,  salt-petre,  ochre,  &;c.  The  inhabitants  are 
composed  of  different  nations  :  Hungarians,  Sikli 
or  Scythian  Huns,  Saxons,  Walachians,  Armeni- 
ans, Rascians,  Bulgarians,  and  Greeks.  The  gov- 
ernment is  aristocratical,  and,  since  the  year  1722. 
rendered  hereditary  to  the  princes  and  princesses 
of  the  house  of  Austria.  The  inhabitants,  with 
respect  to  religion,  are  Catholics,  Calvinists,  and 
Lutherans.     Pop.  1,600,000. 

Transylvania,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  at  the  mouth 
of  Harrod'g  creek,  8  m.  above  Louisville,  35  from 
Bairdstown. 

Transylvania  University.    See  Lexington,  Ken. 

Trap,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa,  26  m,  N.  W. 
Philadelpiiia. 

Trap,  v.  Somerset  co.  Md.  at  the  head  of  W^i- 
comico  creek,  7  m.  W.  Salisbury,  6  N.  Princess 
Ann, 

Trap.     See  Poplar  town. 

Trappe,  p-t.  Talbot  co.  Md.  6  m.  S.  E.  Oxford. 

Trapani,  (an.  Drefanum,)  s-p.  Sicily,  with  a 
good  harbor,  defended  by  a  fort.  Here  is  a  good 
pearl  fishery  on  the  coast,  and  in  the  neighbor- 
hood a  considerable  salt-work.  43  m.  W.  S,  W. 
Palermo,  72  N.  W.  Girgenti,  Lon,  12°  30'  E.  Lat 
38°  .5' N.     Pop.  17,000. 

Trapolissa,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  30  m. 
N.  Misitra,  30  S.  S.  W.  Corinth.  Lon.  22°  26'  E 
Lat.  37°  40'  N. 

Tras  los  Montes,  or  Tra  los  Montes,  province, 
Portugal,  bounded  N,  and  E.  by  Spain,  S.  byJBei- 


744 


T  R  E 


T  R  E 


ra,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Duero,  and 
W.  by  the  Entre  Duero  e  Minho.     Pop.  308,984. 

Trasen^  r.  (jermany,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube, 8  m.  below  Mauttern. 

Trasmaur,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  with  a  cit- 
adel, 12  m.  W.  Tulln,  6  N.  St.  Polten. 

Trasp,  a  citadel  and  lordship  on  the  borders  of 
Tyrol,  27  m.  N.  Bormio. 

TraUf  or  Troghir,  t.  Dalraatia,  on  a  piece  of 
land  which  was  formerly  a  peninsula,  but  now 
separated  from  the  continent  by  a  canal.  The 
harbor  is  deep  enough  for  the  largest  ships.  12 
miles  W.  Spalatro.  Lon.  16"  30'  E,  Lat.  43"  30'  N. 
Pop.  5,000. 

Travancore,  city,  Hind,  and  cap.  of  a  country  of 
the  same  name,  108  m.  S.  S.  W.  Madura,  254  S. 
Seringapatam.     Lon.  77°  14'  E.  Lat.  8°  22'  N. 

Travancore,  country.  Hind,  extending  along  the 
southern  part  of  the  coast  of  Malabar.  It  is  in- 
habited by  various  religious  denominations,  but  is 
rendered  peculiarly  interesting  as  the  residence 
of  the  Syrian  Christians,  who,  though  wholly  un- 
connected with  the  rest  of  the  Christian  world, 
have  stood  for  ages  a  bright  monument  of  the 
truth  of  Christianity,  in  the  midst  of  the  darkest 
scenes  of  idolatry  and  wickedness.  The  Syrian 
churches  extend,  from  north  to  south,  more  than 
150  miles,  and  from  east  to  west,  at  least  30. — 
They  were  visited  by  the  late  Dr.  Buchanan,  who 
manifested  a  strong  interest  in  their  welfare,  and 
commenced  a  translation  of  the  New  Testament 
into  the  Syrian  language,  which  since  his  death 
has  been  completed  and  published,  and  copies  of 
it  have  been  distributed  to  each  of  the  churches. 
Several  missionaries  have  been  sent  to  this  station 
by  the  English  Church  Missionary  Society,  and  a 
College  has  been  established  near  Cotym,  more 
particularly  for  the  education  of  priests  for  the 
Syrian  churches.  The  college  is  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  missionaries,  and  has  been  very  liber- 
ally endowed,  both  with  money  and  land,  by  the 
Rannee  or  princess  of  the  country,  and  promises 
to  be  of  great  benefit  to  the  people.  The  number 
of  students  in  1820,  was  25. 

Travthburg,  or  Trauenburg,  t.  Germany,  12  m. 
E.  Wangen,  10  W.  S.  VV.  Kempten. 

Trare,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Baltic, 
about  10  m.  N.  E.  Lubeck.  Lon.  10°  55'  E.  Lat. 
54°  N. 

Traveller'' s  repose,  p-v.  Greenbriar  co.  Va. 

Traveller'' s  rest,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 

Travemunden,  seaport  on  the  Baltic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Trave,  belonging  to  the  city  of  Lu- 
beck, and  defended  by  a  small  fortress,  8  m,  N.  E. 
Lubeck.     Lon.  10'^  51'  E.  Lat.  54°  N. 

Travendal,  t.  Holstein,  on  the  Trave,  2  m.  S.  W. 
Segeborg. 

Traverse  Islands.     See  Grand  Traverse. 

Traun,  r.  Austria,  which  runs  into  the  Danube, 
about  3  m.  below  Steyregg. 

Traun,  r.  Bavaria,  which  enters  the  Alza,  4  m. 
N.  Chiemsee. 

Traunstein,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Traun,  with  con- 
siderable salt-works,  18  m.  W.  Salzburg.  Lon. 
12°  35'  E.  Lat.  47°  51'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Trautenau,  t.  Bohemia,  21  m.  N.  Konigingratz. 
Lon.  15°  48'  E.  Lat.  50°  27'  N.     Pop.  2,420. 

Trayaguera,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  80  m.  N.  E. 
Valencia,  23  S.  W.  Tortosa. 

Treadhaven,  or  Thirdhaven,  r.  Md.  which  runs 
into  the  Choptank. 

Treasurj/  Islands,  cluster  of  islands  among  Solo- 


mon's islands.    Lon.  155°  34'  to  156°  E.   Lat.  C 
38'  to  7°  30'  S. 

Trebbin,  t,  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  20 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Berlin,  10  S.  S.  E.  Potzdam.  Lon.  13° 
6'  E.  Lat.  52°  10'  N. 

Trebenits,  t.  Bohemia,  28  m.  N.  Prague. 

Trebentschikov,  fort,  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the 
Ural,  64  m.  N.  Guriev. 

Trebia,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Po,  2  m.  W 
Piacenza. 

Trehigno,  t.  Dalmatia,  10  m.  N.  E.  Ragusa. 

Trebisaccia,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  on  the 
coast,  10  m.  N.  E.  Cassano. 

Trebisond,  or  Tarabosan,  city,  A.  Turkey,  with 
a  harbor,  on  the  Black  sea,  founded  by  a  Greek 
colony  of  Sinope,  descended  from  the  Milesians. 
Its  walls  are  almost  square,  high  embattled,  and 
built  of  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  edifices.  The 
town  is  large,  and  not  well  peopled.  The  castle 
is  on  a  flat  rock,  and  its  ditches  are  cut  in  the 
rock.  The  suburbs  are  chiefly  inhabited  by 
Greeks  and  Armenians.  Trebisond  has  consider- 
able trade.  Caravans  from  the  interior  of  Persia 
and  the  borders  of  the  Caspian  sea,  bring  a  va- 
riety of  articles,  which  are  exported  to  Constan- 
tinople and  Odessa.  The  exports  are  figs,  wine, 
ebony,  cotton,  India  goods,  Persian  silks  and  car- 
pets, &c.  170  m.  N.  N.  E.  Sivas,  220  E.  N.  E. 
Erivan.     Lon.  39°  40'  E.  Lat.  41°  1'  N. 

Trebitsch,  or  Trebitz,  t.  Moravia,  on  the  Iglawa, 
20  m.  S.  E.  Iglau,  27  W.  Brunn.  Lon.  15"  50'  E. 
Lat.  49°  14'  N.     Pop.  3,700. 

Trebnitz,  t.  Silesia,  12  m.  N.  Breslaw,  13  W. 
Oels.    Lon.  17°  2'  E.  Lat.  51°  18'  N.    Pop.  2,500. 

Trebsen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Muldau,  26  m.  W. 
Meissen,  14  E.  Leipsic.  Lon.  12°  40'  E.  Lat.  51° 
16' N. 

Tree  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  17°  10'  N. 

Tree  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lon.  105°  51'  E.  Lat, 
3"  50'  S. 

Tree  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Su- 
matra.    Lou.  100"  15'  E.  Lat.  1°58'S. 

Tree  Island,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Bengal,  near  the 
coast  of  Ava.     Lon.  94°  15'  E.  Lat.  18°  12'  N. 

Treffen,  r.Carinthia,  which  runs  into  the  Drave, 
6  m.  below  Villach. 

Treffort,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  7  m.  N.  E.  Bourg  en 
Bresse,  12  N.  W.  Nantua.  Lon.  6°  27'  E.  Lat. 
46°  16'  N.     Pop.  2,293. 

Treffurt,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.Muhlhau- 
sen,  32  W.  Erfurt. 

Treffurt,  t.  Germany,  near  the  Werra,  36  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Cassel,  35  S.  S.  E.  Gottingen.  Lon.  10° 
isr  E.  Lat.  51°  8'  N. 

Trefumel,  t.  France,  6  m.  S.  Dinan,  21  E.  S.  E. 
Lamballe. 

Tregnnnon,  t.  Wales,  in  Cardigan,  oa  the  Tivy, 
15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aberystwith,  197  W.  London.  Lon. 
3°  58'  W.  Lat.  52°  14'  N. 

Tregony,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  river  Fale, 
navigable  for  barges  from  Falmouth,  7m.  E.  Tru- 
ro, 256  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  46'  W.  Lat. 
50"  16'  N. 

Treguier,  seaport,  France,  in  North  Coasts,  on 
a  peninsula,  near  the  English  channel,  9  m.  N.  E, 
Lannion.  Lon.  3°  8'  W.  Lat.  48"  47'  N.  Pop. 
2,545. 

Treignac,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  16  m.  N.  TwUe. 
Pop.  2,591. 

Tremblade,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Charente,  3  m. 
S.  Mavennes,  21  W.  Saintes.    Pop.  2,500. 


T  R  E 


T  R  E 


745 


Dremblay,  fief,  Kent  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
3.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  7  m.  E  Montreal. 

Tremtcen,  or  Tlemsan,  city,  Algiers,  and  capi- 
tal of  the  western  division,  which  is  governed  by 
a  bey  or  viceroy,  situated  on  a  rising  ground,  be- 
low some  rocky  precipices,  from  which  issue  a 
number  of  springs.  Most  of  the  wails  of  Tre- 
mecen  have  been  built,  or  rather  moulded  iu 
frames.  50  ra.  S.  W.  Oran,  220  S.  W.  Algiers. 
Lon.  0°  28'  W.  Lat.  35°  1'  N. 

Tremiti,  3  small  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coast  of  Naples :  Capraria,  St.  Donino,  and 
Tremiti  or  St.  Nicolo.  Lou.  15"  34'  E.  Lat.  42" 
10' N. 

Tremitus,  t.  of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  12  m.  W. 
S.  W,  Nicosia. 

Trernsbullel,  t.  duchy  of  Holstein,  20  m.  E. 
Hamburg,  20  W.  S.  W.  Lubeck. 

'Trenches''  island.     See  Hilton  Head. 

Trtncsin,  t.  and  castle,  Hungary,  near  the 
Waag,  on  a  rock,  defended  by  a  very  strong  castle, 
20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Topoltzan. 

Trent,  city,  Upper  Austria,  in  Latin,  Triden- 
tum,  and  in  German,  Trient.  It  is  on  the  Adige 
or  Etsch,  in  a  very  fruitful  valley  surrounded  with 
high  hills.  The  houses  are  strongly  built  of  mar- 
ble dug  out  of  the  neighbouring  mountains.  Be- 
sides the  cathedral,  there  are  3  parish  churches, 
a  college,  and  some  convents.  55  m.  N.  Mantua, 
65  N.  W.  Venice.  Lon.  ITS'E.  Lat.  46"  N. 
Pop.  7,640. 

7rcn/,  ibrmerly  a  princely  bishopric  of  Ger- 
many, situated  in  the  Tyrolese. 

Trent,  r.  England,  which  rises  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  Staffordshire,  and  running  N.  E.  joins  the 
Ouse,  and  the  two  streams  form  the  Humber.  Ca- 
nals are  made  to  open  a  communication  between 
this  river  and  various  parts  of  the  kingdom.  The 
Trent  is  of  itself  navigable  from  Burton  in  Staf- 
fordshire. 

Trent,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  from  Rice  lake 
to  lake  Ontario. 

Trent,  r.  N.  Carolina,  which  flows  into  the 
Neuse,  at  Newbern.  It  is  navigable  for  sea  ves- 
(sels  12  miles  above  the  town,  and  for  boats  20. 

Trentham,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  3  m.  S.  New- 
castle-under-Line. 

Trenton,  i.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on  French- 
aian's  bay,  30  m.  N.  E.  Castine. 

Trenton,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  from  Utica, 
107  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,548.  In  West  Canada 
3reek,  on  the  E.  side  of  this  town,  there  is  a  fall  of 
100  feet. 

Trenton,  city,  Hunterdon  co.  New  Jersey,  and 
capital  of  the  state,  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Delaware 
.'iver,  opposite  the  falls,  1 1  m.  S.  W.  Princeton, 
!27  S.  W.  New  Brunswick,  30  N.  E.  Philadelphia, 
1)0  S.  W.  New  York.  The  river  is  navigable  to 
his  place  for  sloops,  and  100  miles  above  the  falls, 
:br  boats  of  8  or  9  tons.  Trenton  contains  a  hand- 
iiome  state-house,  an  academj',  2  banks ;  and  2 
(iotton  factories  erected  in  1815,  one  of  which  is  a 
/ery  extensive  establishment,  employing  more 
than  350  hands.  There  are  4  houses  of  public 
ATorship,  1  each  for  Episcopalians,  Methodists, 
Presbyterians,  and  Friends,  and  between  the  city 
and  I^amberton,  a  Roman  Catholic  church  and  a 
iSaptist  meeting-house.  At  the  foot  of  the  falls, 
there  is  an  elegant  bridge  over  the  Delaware, 
:!,100  feet  long  and  36  wide.  Pop.  3,003,  or,  if 
we  include  Bloomsbury  and  Jjamberton,  which 
■oin  it  on  th^  "o-ith,  «.0f10. 


Trenton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jones  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
Trent,  20  m.  W.  Newbern,  81  N.  N.  E.  Wilming- 
ton. Pop.  195.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail. 

Trenton,  p-t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

Trepassefs  Bay,  or  Trepassi  Bay,  bay  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  Lon.  53"  W.  Lat.  46" 
50' N. 

Treport,  he,  seaport,  France,  in  Lower  Seine, 
on  the  English  channel.  Lon.  1"  26'  E.  Lat.  30" 
4'N. 

Treptow,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania,  50  m, 
S.  Stralsund,  50  W.  N.  W.  Old  Stettin.  Lon.  13" 
10'  E.  Lat.  53"  39'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Treptow  amRega,  ovKew  Treptow,  t.  Prussian 
states,  in  Pomerania,  on  the  Rega,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Cammin,  11  S.  W.Colberg.  Lon.  15°  13' E.  Lat. 
54°  2' N.     Pop.  4,100. 

Tres  Hermanos,  3  small  islands  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras.     Lon.  88°  50'  W.  Lat.  19°  20'  N. 

Tresbes,  t.  France,  in  Aude,  3  m.  E.  Carcas- 
sonne. 

Treshanish  Islands,  4  small  islands  among  the 
Western  islands  of  Scotland,  between  Mull  and 
Coll.    Lon.  6"  25'  E.  Lat.  56"  30'  N. 

Tresimd,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat. 
69°13'N. 

Trevannion's  Island,  one  of  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte's islands.     Lon.  163"  43'  E.  Lat.  10"  43'  S. 

Treuenbrietzen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Branden- 
burg, 20  m.  S.  Brandenburg,  .34  S.  W.  Berlin. 
Lon.  12"  47'  E.  Lat.  52"  8'  N.     Pop.  4,100. 

Trevenen^s  Island,  or  Rooapoa,  small  isl.  in  the 
Pacific  ocean.     Lon.  220°  21'  E.  Lat.  9"  4'  S. 

Treves,  or  Triers,  city,  Prussian  states,  in  Low- 
er Rhine,  late  capital  of  an  electoral  principality, 
and  archbishopric  of  the  circle  of  the  Lower 
Rhine,  lying  between  two  mountains  on  the  Mo- 
selle, over  which  it  has  a  stone  bridge.  Long  be- 
fore the  birth  of  Christ,  Treves  was  a  town  of 
note  of  the  Treviri.  Afterwards  the  ancient  Ro- 
man emperors  had  a  residence  here.  The  cathe- 
dral church  of  St.  Peter  here  stands  on  a  hill,  and 
there  are  besides  3  collegiate  and  5  parish  church- 
es, together  with  3  colleges,  and  13  monasteries 
and  nunneries,  and  a  university.  68  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Cologn,  74  W.  Mentz.  Lon.  6"  48'  E.  Lat.  49°  48' 
N.    Pop.  9,860. 

Trevi,  t.  Popedom,  32  m.  E.  Rome. 

Trevico,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Ultra,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  14  m.  N.  Conza.  Lon.  15°  14'  E.  Lat, 
41°  6' N.     Pop.  2,465. 

Trevigio,  or  Treviso,  city,  Austrian  Italy,  capi- 
tal of  the  Trevisan,  situated  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Sile  and  the  Piavesella;  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It 
has  silk  and  woollen  manufactories,  a  cathedral, 
16  parochial  churches,  11  monasteries,  10  nunne- 
ries, and  4  hospitals.  Pop.  16,000.  15  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Venice,  70  N.  E.  Mantua.  Lon.  12°  9'  E.  Lat. 
45°  42'  N. 

Trevigno,  t.  Spain,  in  Alava,  12  m.  S.  W.  Vit- 
toria. 

Trevisan,  or  Trevigiano,  province,  Italy,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  Bellunese,  N.  E.  by  Friuli,  S.  E.  by 
the  gulf  of  Venice,  S.  W.  by  the  Paduan,  and  W. 
by  the  Vicentin.  The  whole  country  is  exceeding- 
ly fertile,  and  appears  like  a  continued  garden. 

Trevose  Head,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Cornwall.     Lon.  5"  1'  W.  Lat.  50°  33'  N. 

Trevoux,  t.  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  Saone,  10  m. 
N.  Lyons,  24  S.  W.  Bourg-en-Bresse.  Lon.  4°  51' 
E.  Lat.  45"  57'  N.     Pop.  ?X>56. 


94 


746 


T  R  I 


Trewardreth  Bay,  bay  in  the  English  channel, 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Cornwall,  3  m.  W.  Fowey. 
Lon.  4°  42'  W.  Lat.  50"  18'  N. 

Treysa,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  26  m.  S.  Cassel,  14  E. 
N.  E.  xMarpurg.  Lon.  9"  10'  E.  Lat.  50°  54'  N. 
Top.  2,400. 

Triadelphia,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Trial  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  Jura.     Lon.  5"  52'  W.  Lat.  55"  54'  N. 

Triangle  Island,  isl.  South  America,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  Oronoko. 

Triangle  Island,  one  of  the  smaller  Bahama 
islands.     Lon.  69"  53'  W.  Lat.  20°  51'  N. 

Triangles,  Southern,  reef  of  rocks  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras.     Lon.  88°  40'  W.  Lat.  1 7"  45'  N. 

Tribau,  or  Trebowe,  t.  Moravia,  28  m.  N.  VV. 
Olmutz,  Lon.  16"  29'  E.  Lat.  49"  43'  N.  Pop. 
4,020. 

Triberg,  t.  Baden,  15  m.  N.  E.  Friburg,  15  S. 
Freudenstadt.    Lon.  8"  17'  E.  Lat.  48°  9'  N. 

Tribisa,  r.  Saxony,  which  runs  into  the  Elbe, 
near  Meissen. 

Triioli,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Trebisond,  4  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Trebisond. 

Tribsees,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Pomerania,  22 
m.  S.  W.  Stralsund,  12  E.  Rostock.  Lon.  12°  47' 
E.  Lat.  54°  5' N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Tribstadt,  or  Tripstadt,  t.  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Rhine,  18  m.  N.  W.  Landau,  16  E.  N.  E.  Deux 
Fonts. 

Tricala,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  50  m.  E.  N.  E.  Saloniki, 
220  W.  Constantinople.  . 

Tricalore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Camatic,  38  m.  W. 
Pondicherry,  56  S.  Arcot.  Lon.  79"  21'  E.  Lat. 
ir58'N. 

Tricarico,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  13  m.  S.  E.  Acerenza,  21  S.  W.  Matera. 
Lon.  16°  8'  E.  Lat.  40°  43'  N. 

THce,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands.  Lon.  94°  5' 
E.  Lat.  7"  30'  N. 

TricMnopoly,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Camatic,  268  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Madras.  It  is  one  of  the  stations  of  the 
English  Christian  Knowledge  Society. 

Trichiri,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
5  m.  E.  Specia. 

Trickandore,  t.  Hmd.  in  Tinevelly,  30  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Palamcotta. 

Trickut,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands.  Lon.  94° 
10' E.  Lat  8°  3' N. 

Tricuto,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  10 
m.  E.  Rossano. 

Trielen,  small  isl.  in  the  English  channel,  near 
the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  4"  60'  W.  Lat.  48° 
22' N. 

Trienagh  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland. 
Lon.  8°  15'  W.  Lat.  54°  53'  N. 

Triesing,  r.  Austria,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube, 3  m.  N.  "W.  Fischamund. 

Trieste,  seaport,  Austrian  dominions,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Illyria,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  gull  of  Trieste.  The  houses  here 
stand  on  the  ascent  of  a  mountain,  extending 
themselves  quite  to  the  sea,  and  on  the  top  of  the 
mountain  is  a  castle.  The  harbor  has  been  con- 
siderably improved  and  fortified.  74  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Vienna.  Lon.  13°  55'  E.  Lat.  45"  53'  N.  Pop. 
35,000. 

Trigg,  CO.  Kentucky. 

Trigno,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic, 
12  m.  N.  W.  Termoli. 

Tnm,  t.  Ireland,  in  Meath,  on  the  river  Boyne, 
20  m.  S.  W.  Drogheda,  23  N.  W.  Dublin.  Lon. 
6°48'W.  Lat.  63°  32' N. 


T  R  I 

Trincalty,  one  of  the  Nicobar  islands.  Lon. 
94°  5' E.  Lat.  8°  6' N. 

Trincoli,  t.  Ceylon,  near  the  east  coast,  84  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Candy.     Lon.  82°  6'  E.  Lat.  7"  10*  N. 

Trincomalee.     See  Trinkamaly. 

Trindelen,  rock  in  the  Scaggei-oc,  between  the 
coast  of  North  Jutland  and  Norway,  7  m.  N.  N.  E. 
from  the  island  of  Lessee.  Lon.  11°  1'  E.  Lat  67" 
27' N. 

Tring,  t  Eng.  in  Herts,  7  m.  E.  Aylesbury,  31 
N.  W.  London.     Lon.  0°  40'  W.  Lat  51"  5C  N. 

Tring,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  50 
m.  S.  Quebec. 

Trinidad,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  South  America, 
about  30  leagues  long.  The  climate  is  said  to  be 
unwholesome,  the  island  being  very  often  covered 
with  thick  fogs.  The  northern  part  of  ths  island 
is  high  land,  and  the  soil  is  good  for  sugar-canes, 
tobacco,  &c.  Pop.  in  1805,  2,261  whites,  3,275 
free  blacks,  and  19,709  slaves.  By  the  peace  of 
Amiens  the  island  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain. 
The  island  of  Tobago  is  separated  from  Trinidad 
by  a  channel  called  Trinidad  channel.  Lon.  60* 
6'  to  61°  36'  W.  Lat  9«  48'  to  10°  42' N. 

Trinidad  La,  t.  South  America,  in  Moxes,  200 
m.  N.  E.  La  Plata.  Lon.  65°  50'  W.  Lat.  14°  40'  S. 

Trinidad,  seaport,  Cuba,  in  a  bay  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Havanna. '  Lon.  80°  18'  W.  Lat  51" 
56' N. 

Trinidad,  La,  or  Sonsonate,  seaport,  Mexico, 
in  Guatimala,  80  m.  E.  S.  E.  GuatimEila.  Lon. 
91"  6' W.  Lat  14°  3' N. 

Trinidad,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  one  of 
those  called  Martin  Vas's  islands.  Lon.  of  the  S. 
point,  26°  37'  W.  Lat.  20°  31'  S. 

Trinidad  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  236"  6'  E.  Lat  41°  3'  N. 

Trinite,  La,  2  islands  in  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
Lon.  40°  W.  Lat.  19°  30'  S. 

Trinity,  r.  Texas,  which  flows  into  Galveston 
bay,  after  a  course  of  300  miles. 

Trinity  Bay,  large  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of 
New  Holland,  between  cape  Grafton  and  cape 
Tribulation. 

Trinity  Bay,  large  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.   Lon.  53°  10'  W.  Lat.  48°  N. 

Trinity,  or  La  Trinite,  seaport,  Martinico.  It 
is  the  residence  of  several  merchants,  and  a  place 
of  considerable  trade.  Lon.  61"  8'  W.  Lat.  14' 
53' N. 

Trinity  Inlet,  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, 30  m.  S.  Queen  Charlotte's  sound. 

Trinity  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon, 
206°  47'  E.  Lat.  56"  33'  N. 

Trinkamaly,  seaport,  Ceylon,  on  the  E.  coast, 
with  one  of  the  best  and  safest  harbors  in  the  isl- 
and, capable  of  containing  a  thousand  vessels. 
The  country  around  is  barren  and  unwholesome. 
The  Wesleyan  Methodists  have  a  missionary  here. 
70  m.  N.  E.  Candy.   Lon.  81°  24'  E.  Lat.  8°  33'  N. 

Trim,  t.  Sardinian  states,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Vcr- 
celli,  8  W.  Casal.  Lon.  8°  16'  E.  Lat  45°  17'  N. 
Pop.  5,405. 

Trinomaly,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  45  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Arcot,  52  W.  N.  W.  Pondicherry.  Lon.  79° 
10' E.  Lat  12"  13' N. 

Trionda,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Satalia,  near 
the  coast  of  Natolia.  Lon.  30°  26'  E.  Lat  36° 
36' N. 

Trionto,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Tarento,  10  m.  E.  Rossano. 

Trionto,  cape  of  Italy,  on  the  coast  of  Calabria 


T  R  I 


T  R  O 


747 


Citra,  in  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Trionto.    Lon.  16"  54'  E.  Lat.  39"  46'  N. 

Tripall,  or  Trippall,  r.  Engr,  in  Northumber- 
land, which  runs  into  the  South  Tyne,  7  m.  W. 
Hexham. 

Tripatore,  t.  Hind,  in  Marawar,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Madura.     Lon.  79"  39'  E.  Lat.  10"  8'  N. 

Tnpafore,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  40  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Pondicherry.     Lon.  78"  45'  E.  Lat.  12"  21'  N. 

Tripetti/,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  68  m.  N.  W. 
Madras.     Lon,  79"  30'  E.  Lat.  13"  45'  N. 

Tripi,  t.  Sicily,  8  m.  S.  Pati,  Lon.  15"  15'  E. 
Lat.  38"  10'  N. 

Triplelt,  p-v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 

Triplo  Heath,  a  common  of  England,  8  m.  S. 
Cambridge. 

Tripoli,  country,  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Mediterranean  ;  E.  by  Barca,  or  considering  Bar- 
ca  as  a  province  of  Tripoli,  by  Egypt ;  S.  by  the 
Atlas  mountain;  and  W.  by  Tunis  and  Biledulge- 
rid;  about  600  miles  from  E.  to  W.  and  200  from 
N.  to  S.  The  inhabitants  on  the  coast  generally 
live  by  commerce  and  piracy,  and  those  in  the  in- 
terior by  plunder  and  robbery.  See  Barbary 
States. 

Tiipoli,  city  and  seaport,  Africa,  and  capital  of 
the  country  so  called,  on  the  coast  of  the  Medi- 
terranean. It  was  formerly  divided  into  two  parts, 
the  Old  and  New ;  the  former  is  now  almost  gone 
to  ruin ;  the  latier,  which  stands  at  a  small  dis- 
tance from  it,  though  of  no  great  extent,  is  popu- 
lous, and  in  a  flourishing  condition.  It  stands  on 
sandy  ground,  by  the  sea-side,  surrounded  with 
high  walls  and  stout  ramparts,  flanked  with  pyra- 
midical  towers,  but  not  kept  in  good  repair.  It 
was  once  a  place  of  vast  trade,  but  it  now  retains 
few  traces  of  its  ancient  splendor.  The  houses 
are  low  and  mean,  the  streets  narrow,  dirty,  and 
irregular  :  there  are  in  it  nevertheless  some  mon- 
uments still  standing,  which  evince  its  former 
magnificence.  The  country  around  has  a  dry 
sandy  soil,  and  is  adorned  with  a  multiplicity  of 
handsome  villas.  300  m.  S.  E.  Tunis.  Lon.  13° 
26'  E.  Lat.  32"  55'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Tripoli,  or  Tarabolus,  t.  Syria,  and  capital  of  a 
pachalic,  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  river,  called 
Kadisha,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Lebanon.  There 
is  no  harbor,  but  a  simple  road,  which  extends 
from  the  shore  to  shoals  called  the  Rabbit  and 
Pigeon  islands.  The  commerce  consists  almost 
wholly  in  indiffierent  coarse  silks,  which  are  matie 
use  of  for  laces,  and  is  principally  in  the  hands  of 
the  French,  who  have  a  consul  here,  and  three 
commercial  houses.  They  export  silks  and  spon- 
ges. 75  m.  N.  N.  W,  Damascus,  132  S.  Alexan- 
dretta.  Lon.  35"  36'  E.  Lat.  34"  28'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Tripolizza,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  18  m. 
VV.  Napoli  di  Romania.     Pop.  12,000. 

Tripontio,  or  Triponzo,  t.  Popedom,  in  Spoleto, 
on  theNera,  12  m.  N.  W.  Norcia. 

Triptis,  t.  Saxe- Weimar,  4  m.  E.  Neustadt,  41 
3.  S.  W,  Leipsic.     Lon,  1 1"  50'  E,  Lat,  50"  25'  N. 

Trissanton  Bay.     See  Southampton  Water. 

Tristan  d'Acimha,  the  largest  of  three  islands 
lu  the  Atlantic  ocean,  about  15  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Near  the  centre  of  the  island  a  conical 
mountain  rises,  not  unlike  in  appearance  to  the 
Peak  of  Teneriff'e.     Lon.  15"  40'  W.  Lat  37°  S. 

Triste,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  America,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  bay  of  Campeachy,  on  the  W.  of  Port 
Royal  island,  18  miles  in  circumference,  Ijat.  18" 
30'  N. 


Tritchinopoly,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  sur- 
rounded with  two  walls,  flanked  with  towers,  and 
encompassed  with  a  ditch ;  67  m,  W.  Tranque- 
bar,  156  S.  E.  Seringapatam.  Lon.  78°  45'  E. 
Lat.  10"  48'  N. 

Trivadi,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  23  m.  S.  W. 
Pondicherry.     Lon.  79"  45'  E.  Lat.  1 1"  42'  N. 

Trivento,  t.  Naples,  in  the  Molise,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  18  m.  N.  Molise. 

Triumpho  dt  la  Cruz,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Hon- 
duras.    Lon.  88"  25'  W.  Lat.  15"  56'  N. 

Trocadie,  s.mall  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  N.  coast  of  St.  John's  island. 

Trochteljingen,  t.  HohenzoUern-Sigmaringen, 
16  m.  N.  VV.  Buchau,  29  S.  Stuttgart.  Lon.  9" 
18' E.  Lat.  48"  16' N. 

Troctou,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Queda.     Lon.  99°  33'  E.  Lat.  6"  30'  N. 

Trogen,  t.  Switzerland,  and  chief  place  of  the 
Protestant  part  of  the  canton  of  Appenzell,  cele- 
brated for  its  manufacture  of  cloth,  7  m.  S.  E.  St. 
GaU,  7  N.  Appenzell.  Lon.  9"  33'  E.  Lat.  47"  14' 
N.     Pop.  2,250. 

Trogyllium,  in  Sac.  Geog.  city  and  promontory 
of  Ionia,  near  the  island  of  Samos. 

Troia,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  on  the  river 
Chilare,  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  contains  six 
churches,  and  six  convents.  33  m.  S.  W.  Man- 
fredonia,  60  N.  E.  Naples.  Lon.  15°  18'  E.  Lat. 
41"  24'  N. 

Troja,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  Italy.     Lon.  1 1"  5'  E.  Lat.  42"  43'  N. 

Trois  Maries,  Les,  t.  France,  in  Mouths-of-the- 
Rhone,  15  m.  S.  Aries. 

Trois  Rivieres,  t.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  St.  Maurice,  which  here  divides  and  enters 
the  St.  Lawrence  by  three  cliannels.  It  was  form- 
erly the  capital  of  the  province,  and  the  centre  of 
the  fur  trade.  The  town  is  thinly  peopled,  though 
the  inhabitants  are  wealthy.  84  m.  S.  \V.  Quebec, 
96  N.  E.  Montreal.     Pop.  2,500. 

Trois  Rivieres,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Trois  Rivieres,  r.  St.  Domingo,  which  runs  into 
the  sea  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  near  Port 
Paix. 

Troilz,  or  Troitskoe  Monasir,  that  is  "  the  con- 
vent of  the  Holy  Trinity,"  a  convent  of  Russia, 
strongly  fortified,  40  m.  from  Moscow. 

Troitsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Penza,  75  m.  W.  N.  W. 
Penza.     Lon.  43°  34'  E.  Lat.  54"  N. 

Troitzkoe,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha,  200  m.E.  Upha. 
Lou.  61°  44' E.  Lat.  54"  N. 

Troitskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobdsk,  on  the  Oby, 
204  m.  N.  Tobolsk.  Lon.  42°  50'  E.  Lat.  61° 
24'  N. 

Troki.  or  Trocki,  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  great  dukes  of  Lithuania,  16 
m.  W.  Wilna,  150  E.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  24°  44' 
E.  Lat.  54°  33'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Tromba,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Istria.  Lon. 
13"52'i:.  Lat.  45"  3'  N. 

Tromnes,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Lapland.     Lon.  15"  26'  E.  Lat.  68"  5'  N. 

Tromoe,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Norway.  Lon.  9" 
10'  E.  Lat.  58"  27'  N. 

Tromperwick,  Gulf  of,  bay  of  the  Baltic,  on 
the  N.  E,  coast  of  the  island  of  Usedom.  Lon. 
13°40'E.  Lat.  54°  40'  N. 

Tronivge,  t.  Sweden,  in  Halland,  8  m.  E.  Halm- 
stad. 


748 


T  R  O 


Tronto,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic, 
in  Ion.  13°  59'  E.  Lat.  42"  52'  N. 

Tronsan,  t.  Piedmont,  7  m.  N.  W.  Turin.  Pop. 
2,540. 

TVoon  Point,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  4°  36'  W.  Lat.  55°  36'  N. 

TVopea,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra,  on  a  rock 
near  the  sea  coast,  37  m.  N.  N.  E.  Regjio.  Lon. 
16°  13'  E.  Lat.  38°  40'  N.     Pop.  3,992. 

Tropic  Keys,  small  islands  or  rocks  among  the 
Virgin  islands,  in  the  We?t  Indies,  between  Great 
Passage  island  and  Porto  Rico. 

Troppau,  or  Oppau,  city,  Austrian  Silesia,  and 
capital  of  a  circle  so  called,  is  in  a  fruitful  coun- 
try, on  the  river  Oppa,  walled,  and  containing  an 
apcient  palace  of  the  princes,  with  3  parochial 
churches,  a  college,  3  convents  of  monks,  and 
a  nunnery.  45  m.  S.  Oppeln,  80  S.  S.  E.  Breslau. 
Lon.  18°  30'  E.  Lat.  49°  50'  N.     Pop.  11,540. 

Tropplowitz,  t.  Silesia,  70  m.  N.  N.  W.  Trop- 
pau.    Lon.  17°  31'  E.  Lat.  50°  I'N. 

Trosa,  seaport,  Sweden,  in  Sudermanland,  on 
the  Baltic,  18  m.  S.  W.  Stockholm. 

Trosachu,  mountains  of  Scotland,  in  Perthshire, 
10  m.  W.  Callander. 

Trotby,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Wye,  near 
Monmouth. 

Trotza,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Kama,  16 
m.  N.  Kosa,  in  Viatka. 

Troup  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Bamff,  10  m.  W.  Kinnard's  Point.  Lon.  2°  11'  W. 
Lat.  57°  39'  N. 

Troupsburg.  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  W. 
Bath.     Pop.  292. 

Trovpsville,  v.  in  Sod  us,  N.  Y.  on  Sodus  bay,  30 
ID.  N.  E.  Canandaigua. 

Troutbeck,  r.  Eng.  in  Westmoreland,  which 
runs  into  the  Eden,  3  m.  below  Appleby. 

Trout  river,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  above  the  outlet  of  Sandy  lake. 

Trowbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  on  the  river  Were, 
10  m.  S.  E.  Bath,  98  W.  London,  Lon.  2°  13'  W. 
Lat.  51°  1 8' N. 

Tro%oert''s  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Java.     Lon.  105°  46'  E.  Lat.  7°  2'  S. 

Troweryn,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Dee. 

Troy,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  47  m.  N.  Montpelier. 
Pop.  231. 

Troy,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  16  m.  S.  Taunton, 
48  S.  Boston.     Pop.  1,296, 

Troy,  city  and  cap.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  6  m,  above  Albany.  It  is 
a  beautiful  city,  handsomely  built,  and  regularly 
laid  out  on  a  plain,  and  its  appearance  is  very  neat. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  prison,  market-house,  2 
banks,  and  5  houses  of  public  worship,  1  each  for 
Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Baptists,  Metho- 
dists, and  Friends.  Troy  is  finely  situated  for  a 
commercial  and  manufacturing  town,  being  at  the 
head  of  sloop  navigation  on  a  large  river,  and  the 
creeks  which  here  fall  into  the  Hudson,  affording 
numerous  excellent  situations  for  Tw-ater-works. 
There  are  already  erected  8  flour  mills,  an  exten- 
sive cotton  and  woollen  factory,  a  paper-mill,  a 
manufactory  of  fire-arms,  a  shovel  manufactory, 
a  rolling  and  slitting  mill,  besides  several  nail- 
works,  saw  mills,  and  other  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. About  ,30  sloops  and  20  smaller  ves- 
sels are  employed  in  the  trade  of  the  town.  The 
gfrowth  of  'Troy  has  been  very  rapid.  In  1794,  it 
was  a  mere  hamlet ;  in  1810,  the  population  was 
3,895;  and  in  181C,  "stimated  at  5,000.     In  com- 


T  R  U 

merce  and  wealth  it  is  considered  the  third  town 
in  the  State. 

Troy,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Hockhocking  with  Ohio  river,  25  m.  below 
Marietta.     Pop.  578. 

Troy,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 
Troy,  p-t.  and  cap,  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami 
river,  21  m,  N.  Dayton,  66  W.  Columbus. 
Troy,  t.  Richland  CO.  Ohio. 
Troy,  t.  and  cap.   Perry  co.  Indiana,   on  the 
Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  Anderson's  creek,  55  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Corydon. 

Troyes,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Aube,  on  the 
Seine,  before  the  revolution  the  capital  of  Cham- 
pagne, and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  contained  14 
churches,  4  abbeys,  10  convents,  a  college,  and  a 
hospital.  The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable 
trade  in  linen,  flax,  hemp,  cotton,  fustians,  &c. 
18  posts  N.  N.  W.  Dijon,  19  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  4" 
10'  E,  Lat.  48°  18'  N.  Pop.  24,061. 
TrucksriUe,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Truhtchevsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Orel,  on  the  Desna, 
80  m.  W.  S.  W.  Orel.  Lon.  33°  34'  E.  Lat.  52° 
35' N. 

Trullikon,  v.  Switz.  in  Zurich,  2  m.  S.  Dissen- 
hofen, 

Trullo,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  23°  E,  Lat.  63°  54'  N. 
TYiimarisburg,  p-v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
Tmmbull,  p-t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  17  m.  W.  New- 
Haven.     Pop.  1,241. 

Trumbull,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio.     Pop.  in 
1815, 10,000.     Chief  town,  Warren. 
Truns,  t.  Grisons,  7  m.  W.  Ilantz. 
Truro,  t.  Eng,  in  Cornwall,  at  the  conflux  of 
two  small  rivers,  which  form  a  harbour  for  vessels 
of  about  100  tons.     The  chief  trade  of  the  place  is 
shipping  of  tin  and  copper  ore,  dug  in  the  neigh- 
bouring mountains.    It  sends  two  members  to  par- 
liament.    1 1  m.  N.  N.  E.  Falmouth,  257  W.  S.  W. 
London.  Lon.  4° 55'  W.  Lat.  50°  16'  N.  Pop.  2,480. 
Truro,  t.  Halifax  co.  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of 
the  basin  of  Minas,  40  m.  N.  by  W.  Halifax. 

Truro,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  57  m.  S.  E. 
Boston,  in  a  direct  line,  112  by  the  road ;  10  S.  E. 
Provincetown.  It  extends  entirely  across  the 
peninsula  of  Cape  Cod.  The  soil  is  in  most  places 
sandy  and  barren,  and  the  inhabitants  derive  their 
principal  subsistence  from  the  sea,  which  here 
abounds  with  fish.  Grain  and  vegetables  are 
generally  procured  from  Boston.  Lat.  42°  4'  N. 
Lon.  70°  4'  W.     Pop.  1,209. 

Truro,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  E.  Columbus, 
Pop.  in  1819,  495. 

Truxillo,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  defended  by 
a  citadel.  40  m.  N.  N.  E.  Merida,  102  S.  W. 
Madrid.  Lon.  5°  22'  W.  Lat.  39°  15'  N.  Pop, 
3,600, 

Truxillo,  city,  Peru,  and  see  of  a  bishop.  It 
was  built  in  1535,  by  Pizarro.  Its  site  is  pleasant, 
notwithstanding  the  sandiness  of  the  soil.  It  is 
surrounded  with  a  brick  wall,  and  stands  on  a 
small  river,  about  half  a  league  from  the  sea :  two 
leagues  to  the  northward,  is  tlie  port  of  Guancliaco, 
the  channel  of  its  maritime  commerce.  Here  is 
an  office  of  revenue,  several  convent?,  a  college, 
and  an  hospital.  The  inliabitants  consist  of  Span- 
iards, Indians,  and  all  the  other  casts.  480  m.  S. 
Quito,  900  N.  N.  W.  Lima.  Lon.  79"  20'  W.  Lat. 
8°  6'  S.     Pop.  10,000. 

Truxillo,  s-p.  Mexico,  in  Honduras,  on  a  hill 
near  the  sea.    Lon.  86°  40'  W.  Lat.  15°  45'  N. 


TUB 

Truxillo,  or  J^uestra  Senora  de  la  Pas,  t.  Vene- 
auela,  120  m.  S.  Lake  Maracaybo.  Lon.  69°  35' 
W.Lat.8''45'N. 

Truxton,  p-t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  N.  E. 
Homer,  142  W.  Albany.     Pop.  1,012. 

Truxville,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  fork 
•f  Mohiccan  creek. 

Tryon  mountains,  N.  C.  lie  N.  W.  of  Salisbury, 
bordering  on  Tennessee. 

Trysunda,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lou.  18"  35'  E.  Lat.  63°  9'  N. 

Tscherikov's  Island,  isl.  in  the  North  Pacific 
ocean.     Lon.  205°  4'  E.  Lat.  55°  49'  N. 

Tschemoyar,  t.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  200m.  N.W. 
Astrachan.     Lon.  46°  4'  E.  Lat.  47°  54'  N. 

Tschersk,  or  Csersk,  t.  Poland,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Vistula,  25  m.  S.  Warsaw,  120  N.  Cracow. 
Lon.  21°  30'  E.  Lat.  51°  50'  N. 

Tschopa,  or  Zschopou,  t.  Saxony,  celebrated  for 
its  blue  manufacture.  7  m.  S.  E.  Chemnitz, 
15  S.  W.  Freyberg.  Lon.  13°  2'  E.  Lat.  50" 
.4'N. 

Tsebid,  or  Tecebit,  t.  Africa,  in  Sugulmeasa. 
Lon.  TE.  Lat.  31°  40' N. 

Tsena,  r.  Malacca,  which  runs  into  the  Chi- 
nese sea,  in  lon.  101°  21'  E.  lat.  7°  33'  N. 

Tsia-iong,  isl.  in  the  Hoang-hai,  or  Yellow  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Corea,  about  35  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lon.  124°  54'  E.  Lat.  37°  44'  N. 

Tseng-ming,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China,  in  the 
Eastern  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yang-tse  river, 
about  50  miles  long  and  10  broad,  formerly  a  place 
of  banishment  for  criminals.  Lon.  120°  54'  E.  Lat. 
31°38'N. 

Tsor,  Sor,^'Sur,  or  Soor,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  in  Oman,  22  m.  S.  E.  Kalhat.  Lat.  22° 
36' N. 

Tua,  r.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  Duero, 
15  m.  N.  W.  St.  Joao  de  Pesqueira. 

Tuabo,  t.  Africa,  in  Jaen,  on  the  Senegal.  Lon. 
10°28'W.  Lat.l4°56'N. 

Ttmk,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea,  12  m.  from  the 
coast  of  Arabia.     Lon.  41'  58'  E.  Lat.  5°  58'  N. 

Tuam,  city,  Ireland,  in  Galway,  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  17  m.  N.  N.  E.  Galway. 

Tuarik,  a  people  of  Africa,  inhabiting  a  coun- 
try bordering  S.  W.  on  Bornou,  S.  on  Bornou, 
Soudan,  and  Tombuctoo,  E.  on  the  country  of  the 
Tibboo  and  Fezzan,  N.  onFezzan  and  the  country 
of  the  Arabs  who  live  behind  Tripoli,  Tunis,  and 
Algiers,  and  W.  on  the  great  empire  of  Fez  and 
Morocco.  They  are  divided  into  many  nations 
and  tribes,  who  all  speak  the  same  language. 

Txiba,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Enisei,  16 
m.  S.  W.  Abakansk,  in  Kolivan. 

Tvbai,  one  of  the  small  Society  islands,  12  m. 
from  Bolabola.    Lon.  151°  44'  W.  Lat.  16°  12'  S. 

Ti/iingen,  t.  Wurtemberg,  in  a  valley  on  the 
Neckar,  between  two  hills.  An  university  was 
founded  here  in  1477,  and  restored  in  1770.  Here 
is  a  seminary  for  the  study  of  divinity,  and  a  col- 
lege for  the  nobility.  16  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stuttgart, 
28  E.  Freudenstatt.  Lon.  9°  10'  E.  Lat.  48°  33'  N. 
Pop.  6,400. 

Tubna,  t.  Algiers,  (an.  Thubana,)  110  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Constantina,  120  S.  S.  E.  Algiers.  Lon.  5°  E. 
Lat.  35°  8'  N. 

Tub-urbo,  t.  Tunis,  on  the  Mejerdah,  supposed 
to  be  the  ancient  Tuburbum,  16  m.  VV.  N.  W. 
Tunis. 

Tubug,  harbour  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mindanao, 
10  m,  N.  Pollock  harbour. 


T  U  L 


749 


Tuckahoe,v.  Md.  which  runs  into  Choptank  river, 

Tucker's  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  122°  5' E.  Lat.  7°  22' N. 

Tucker's  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  S. 
Carolina.     Lon.  80"  16'  W.  Lat.  32°  36'  N. 

Tuckersrilk,  p-t.  Wayne  co.  Geo. 

Tuckerton,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Burlington  co. 
N.  J.  on  Little  Egg  harbour. 

Tuckv^h,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near 
the  coast  of  Algiers,  12  m.  E.  Cape  of  Iron. 

Tucopia,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  167°  E. 
Lat.  12"  S. 

Tucuman,  province  of  the  old  viceroyalty  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  lying  between  the  province  of  Salta 
on  the  north,  and  Santiago  and  Catamarca  on  the 
S.  It  contains  50,000  square  miles,  and  45,000  in- 
habitants. The  name  is  frequently  applied  to  a 
much  more  extensive  country.  St.  Miguel  de 
Tucuman  is  the  chief  town. 

Tucuyo,  V.  Venezuela,  which  runs  into  the  sea, 
in  lon.  69°  22'  W.  Lat.  10"  38'  N. 

Tuddington,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  16  m.  S.  Bed- 
ford, 37  N.  London. 

Tijdela,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the  Ebro,  4  m. 
S.  Pamplona,  45  N.  W.  Sara-jossa.  Lou.  1°  40'  W. 
Lat.  42°  11' N.     Pop.  7,295. 

Trer,  t.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  government  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Tvertza  and  Volga.  It  is  the  see  of 
an  archbishop.  It  was  burnt  in  the  year  1763,  but 
has  since  been  rebuilt  on  a  regular  and  beautiful 
plain.  The  governor's  house,  the  bishop's  pal- 
ace, the  courts  of  justice,  the  new  exchange,  the 
prison,  and  several  other  public  edifices  were  built 
at  the  expense  of  the  empress.  There  is  an  eccle- 
siastical seminary  at  Tver,  which  is  under  the  in- 
spection of  the  bishop,  and  admits  600  students, 
Tver  is  a  place  of  considerable  commerce,  which 
it  owes  principally  to  its  advantageous  situation. 
72  m.  N.  N.  W.  Moscow,  580  N.  E.  Warsaw,  272 
S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  36°  14"  E.  Lat.  56°  50'  N. 
Pop.  17,395. 

Tverskoe,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Novgorodskoe,  E.  by  Jaroslavl  and  Vladimir,  S.  by 
Moskovskaia  and  Smolenskoe,  and  W.  by  Pskov- 
skoe;  about  180  miles  long,  and  100  broad.  Lon. 
33°  to  38°  E.  Lat.  55"  36'  to  58°  30'  N.  Pop. 
773,300. 

Tvertza^  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Volga, 
at  Tver. 

Tuffoa,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Slave  coast,  40  m.  W. 
Assom. 

Tuftonboraugk,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  lake 
Winnipiseogee,  50  N.  W.  Concord.     Pop.  709. 

Tugeloo,  r.  Georgia,  which,  flowing  S.  E.  sep- 
arating S.  Carolina  from  Georgia,  joins  the  Kio- 
wce,  to  form  Savannah  river. 

Tuggsville,  p-v.  Clarke  co.  Alabama. 

Tuggurt,  t.  Africa,  in  Nigritia,  360  m.  N.  E. 
Tombuctou.     Lon.  6°  E.  Lat.  20"  30'  N. 

Tuggurt,  or  Tocorl,  t.  Algiers,  240  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Algiers.     Lon.  5°  .50'  E.  Lat.  32°  40'  N. 

Tui,  r.  S.  America,  which  runs  into  the  Carib- 
bean sea.     Lon.  67°  20'  W.  Lat.  10°  36'  N. 

Tuis,  t.  Italy,  in  Friuli,  10  m.  W.  Udina. 

Tuklakinl;  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Ea.«t  G leenland.     Lon.  46°  20'  W.  Lat.  6 1° N. 

Tula,  a  city  of  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  govern- 
ment, on  the  Upha.  It  is  the  Birmingham  of  Rus- 
sia. The  imperial  fabric  of  fire  arms  employed  in 
1800,  6,000  woricmen.  Pop.  at  the  same  period, 
estimated  at  30,000.  Near  it  are  some  iron  mines. 
112  m.  S.  Moscow,  452  S.  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon. 
37°  39' E.  Lat.  53°  45' N. 


760 


TUN 


Tukza,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  tlie  S. 
side  of  the  Danube,  opposite  Ismail. 

Tullagan  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
a  little  S.  E.  of  Black  Sod  Bay. 

Tullamore,  t.  Ireland,  in  King's  county,  44  m. 
W.  Dublin. 

Tulle,  city,  France,  and  cap,  of  Correze,  58 
posts  S,  Paris.  Lon.  1"  51'  E.  Lat.  43°  16'  N.  Pop. 
9,362. 

Tullins,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  4  m.  N.  W.  Greno- 
ble. 

Tulln,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  13  m.  W.  N.  W.  Vienna,  44  E.  S.  E.  Zwetl. 
Lon.  16"  3'  E.  Lat.  48"  18'  N.     Fop.  1,324. 

Tulloargaum,  t.  Hind,  in  Visiapour,  12  m.  N. 
W.  Poonah. 

Tullow,  t.  Ireland,  in  Carlow,  8  m.  E.  S.  E.  Car- 
low,  38  S.  S.  W.  Dublin. 

Thilly,  p-t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  14  ra.  S.  Onon- 
daga, 30  S.  of  W.  Utica.     Pop.  1,092. 

Tullyclea,  r.  Ireland,  in  Fermanagh,  which  runs 
into  the  Lough  Erne,  4  m.  N.  Enniskillen. 

Tulomd,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  Ladoga 
Lake,  32  m.  iV.  W.  Olonctz. 

Tulour,  or  Tanna  Labu,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian 
sea,  about  90  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  124° 
E.  Lat.  4°  45'  N. 

Tulpehocken,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  E.  and  falls  into 
the  Schuylkill  above  Reading. 

Tulpehocken,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of 
ihe  above  river. 

Tuisk,  t.  Ireland,  in  Roscommon,  9  m.  N.  Ros- 
common, 11  S.  S.  W.  Carrick. 

Tuhkoe,  government  of  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Moskovskaia,  E.  by  Riazanskoe  and  Tambovskoe, 
S.  by  Orlovskoe,  and  W.  by  Kaluzskoe,  120  miles 
Jong  and  from  40  to  100  broad.  Tula  is  the  cap- 
ital. Lon.  36"  to  38°  £.  Lat.  33"  to  55"  JV.  Pop. 
866,000. 

Tumanskoi,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  ocean, 
■about  360  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  119"  to 
126°  E.  Lat.  7r  50'  to  73"  15' N. 

Tumb,  or  Tombo,  or  Peiombo,  or  Colombo,  or 
Slangen,  or  Great  Tjmb,  isl.  in  the  Persian  gulf,  3 
miles  long.     Lon.  35"  38'  E.  Lat.  26"  24'  N. 

TambKamiu,  or  Lilllc  Tumb,  small  isl.  in  the 
Persian  gulf,  10  m.  S.  W.  Tumb. 

Tumbado,  small  isl.  ampng  the  Bahamas.  Lon. 
79°  30'  W.  Lat.  26"  24' N. 

Tumbelan  Islands,  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian 
sea.     Lon.  107"  58'  E.  Lat.  T'N. 

Tumbcz,  t.  Peru,  near  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
which  discharges  itself  into  the  bay  of  Guayaquil. 
The  town  consists  only  of  70  houses,  inhabited  by 
Mestizo?,  Indians,  Mulattoes,  and  a  few  Spaniards. 
280  m.  N.  Truxillo.  Lon.  80"  6'  W.  Lat.  3° 
13'  S. 

Tumbling  dnm,  place  on  Delaware  river,  22  m. 
above  Trenton. 

Tuna,s-ip.  Egypt,  on  the  Red  sea,  52  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Coseir. 

Tunbridgc,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  Medway. 
About  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  the  town  are  some  medi- 
cinal springs,  called  T'unhridge  Wells,  useful  in 
consumptive  complaints,  and  much  resorted  to. 
14  m.  S.  Maidstone,  30  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0"  16' 
E.  Lat.  61"  12'  N.     Pop.  5,932. 

Tunbridgc,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  30  m.  N.Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,640. 

Tuneka,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Uim,  84  m. 
N.  Balaganskoi. 

Tungebadra,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  Ki?t.- 
oal),  7m,  F.  Rachore 


PU  R 

Tungtnskoi,  i.  Russia,  on  the  Irkut,  80jto.  S.  W. 
Irkutsk,  800  E.  S.  E.  Kolivan.  Lon.  103°  14'  £. 
Lat.  51"  18'  N. 

Tunguska,  r.  Russia,  which  rises  in  lake  Bai- 
kal, and  runs  into  the  Enisei,  20  m.  S.  Eniseisk  :  in 
the  former  part  of  its  course  it  is  called  Angara. 

Tunguska,  (Podkamenskaia,)  r.  Russia,  which 
runs  into  the  Enisei,  200  m.  below  Eniseisk. 

Tunguska,  {J^iznei,)  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into 
(he  Enisei,  8  m.  S.  S.  E.  Turuchausk.  Lon.  89"  14' 
E.  Lat.  65"41'N. 

Tungvskoi,  (Ust,)  i.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  24  m. 
S.  Eniseisk,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Enisei  and  Tun- 
guska. 

Tunia,  or  Tunja,  t.  New  Grenada,  60  m-  N. 
Santa  Fe  de  Bogota,  350  m.  S.  S.  E.  Carthagena. 
Lon.  72°  56'  W.  Lat.  5°  5'  N. 

Tunis,  city,  Africa,  and  cap.  of  the  country  so 
called,  situated  on  a  rising  ground,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  a  lake.  It  is  surrounded  by  lakes  and 
marshes,  which  however  do  not  render  it  un- 
healthy. The  Tunisians  are  the  most  civilized 
nations  of  Barbary.  The  English,  French,  Dutch, 
and  several  European  States  have  consuls  here, 
who  are  treated  with  civility  and  respect.  There 
are  few  buildings  of  any  magnificence,  except  the 
great  mosque,  the  bey's  palace,  and  a  few  others. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  city  is  a  piazza  of  vast  ex- 
tent, which  is  said  formerly  to  have  contained 
3,000  shops  for  the  sale  of  woollen  and  linen  goods  ; 
in  the  manufacture  of  both  which  this  city  has 
been  long  famous.  Here  are  several  colleges  and 
schools,  with  many  learned  men  and  doctors  of  the 
Mahometan  law.  The  chief  defence  is  the  cas- 
tle. Lon.  10°  20'  E.  Lat.  36"  44'  N.  Pop.  about 
100,000. 

Tunis,  country,  Africa,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
the  Mediterranean,  S.  by  Tripoli,  and  W.  by  Al- 
giers. About  200  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  120 
from  E.  to  W.  Pop.  variously  estimated  from 
1,000,000  to  3,000,000.  It  is  governed  by  a  bey, 
and  with  more  mildness  than  the  other  Barbary 
States.     See  Barbary  States. 

Tunkhannock,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E. 
brancli  of  the  Susquehannah,  35  m.  above  Wilkes- 
barre. 

Tunkhannock,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  884. 

Tunudtiorbik,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  East 
Greenland.  Lon.  46°  50'  VV.  Lat.  60°  45'  N. 

Tans,  {The,)  rocks  in  St.  George's  channel, 
near  the  coast  of  Ireland,  3  m.  N.  E.  Saltee  isl- 
ands. 

Tucaqua,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  coast  of  S.  America.  Lon.  68°  40'  W.  Lat.  10° 
32'  N. 

7'ura,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lon.  24° 
15' E.    Lat.  39°  34' N. 

Turas,  v.  Moravia,  5  m.  S.  S.  E.  Brunn,  4  S.  W. 
Austerlitz. 

Turbico,  or  Turbigo,  t.  Italy,  in  Olona,  18  m. 
W.  Milan. 

Turckheim,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Rhine,  3  m.  W. 
Colmar,  12  S.  S.  W.  Schlettstatt. 

Turcoin,  t.  France,  in  North,  taken  by  the  duke 
of  York  on  the  17th  of  May,  1794.  On  the  18th, 
the  French  attacked  this  post,  and  a  battle  was 
fought,  in  which  the  French  were  victorious.  This 
conflict  may  be  said  to  have  decided  the  fate  of 
the  Netherlands.  6  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lille,  9  S.  W. 
Courtray.     Pop.  11,380. 

Turcomania,  tliat  part  of  Armenia  which  be- 
longs to  the  Turks. 


T  U  R 


T  U  R 


751 


Turanne,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  9  m.  S.  Brive, 
15  S.  S.  W.  Tulle. 

Turin,  city,  Italy,  and  capital  of  Piedmont,  sit- 
uated at  the  conflux  of  the  Po  and  the  Grand  Do- 
ria,  abcut  7  miles  from  the  Foot  of  the  Cottian 
Alps,  in  the  road  from  France  to  Italy,  by  the 
way  of  Mount  Cenis.  The  approach  to  it  is  mag- 
nifijent,  and  the  environs  beautiful.  The  four 
gates  are  highly  ornamental ;  the  streets  in  the 
New  Town  are  wide,  straight  and  clean.  The 
fortifications  of  Turin  are  regular.  The  citadel 
is  a  pentagon,  consisting  of  five  strong  bastions, 
and  is  reputed  one  of  the  strongest  in  Europe. 
The  university  was  founded  in  1405,  and  has  24 
professors,  and  a  royal  library,  wherein  are  about 
50,000  volumes.  Here  is  also  a  royal  museum, 
and  a  military  academy.  The  palace  is  in  a  simple 
and  noble  ?tiie  of  architecture.  The  chief  trade 
of  this  city  and  country  is  in  silk,  which  is  sent  to 
England  and  Lyons.  Lon.7"40'E.  Lat.45°3'N. 
Pop.  73,615. 

Turin,  p-t  .Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  15 
m.  N.  Rome,  145  N.  VV.  Albany.     Pop.  856. 

Titrinsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  144  m.  W.  To- 
bolsk, 620  W.  N.  VV.  Kolivan,  1,028  E.  Peters- 
burg. Lon.  63"  44'  E.  Lat.  58"  N. 

Turirana,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lon.  46"46' W.  lat.  1°  30'  S. 

Turk  Islands,  or  Turk's  Islands,  small  islands 
among  the  Bahamas.  Lon.  71"  W.  Lat.  21"  20'  N. 

Turkestan,  or  Turan,  country,  Asia,  bounded 
N.  by  deserts,  which  separate  it  from  Russia.  E. 
by  a  part  of  Tartary,  belonging  to  the  Calmuks,  i?. 
by  Bukharia,  and  W.  by  Charasm. 

Turkey,  an  extensive  country,  embracing  large 
provinces  in  Europe  and  Asia.  Turkey  in  Eu- 
rope lies  between  Hungary  and  Russia  on  the  N. 
and  the  Mediterranean  on  the  S.  and  between  the 
Black  sea  on  the  E.  and  the  gulf  of  Venice  on  the 
W.  Extent,  about  200,000  square  miles.  It  has 
a  mild  and  delicious  climate,  with  a  fertile  soil, 
yielding  corn,  wine  and  oil  in  abundance,  but  the 
indolent  Turks  suffer  extensive  tracts  to  lie  un- 
ftultivated.  The  northern  provinces  are  princi- 
pally level  ;  but  the  southern,  embracing  all  an- 
cient Greece,  are  diversified  with  hills,  vallies, 
and  lofty  mountains.  The  population  of  Turkey 
in  Europe  is  estimated  at  8,000,000,  consisting 
principally  of  Greeks  and  Turks.  The  Turks 
have  the  dominion,  but  are  inferior  to  the  Greeks 
in  number.  The  Turks  are  Mahometans,  the 
Greeks  are  Christians,  and  are  suffered  to  retain 
their  priests,  bishops,  archbishops  and  patriarchs. 
The  government  is  despotic,  the  emperor,  who  is 
also  styled  Sultan  and  Grand  Seignior,  having  ab- 
solute power  of  life  and  death.  The  exports  are 
principally  corn,  wine,  oil,  figs,  currants,  wool, 
(;amel's  hair,  &c.  The  merchants  are  principally 
Jews,  Armenians  and  Greeks. 

Asiatic  Turkey  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Black 
sea  and  Russia  ;  E.  by  Persia  ;  S.  by  Arabia,  and 
W.  by  the  Mediterranean.  It  embraces  Syria, 
Palestine,  and  many  countries  famous  in  ancient 
history.  The  climate  is  delightful,  and  the  soil 
naturally  fertile,  producing  rich  fruits,  corn,  wine 
and  oil ;  but  the  peoole  are  in  a  wretched  condi- 
tion, oppressed  by  the  Turks,  and  without  motives 
for  exertion.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  esti- 
mated at  10,000,000,  composed  of  various  nations 
and  religious  denominations.  Egypt  has  some- 
times been  considered  as  a  Turkish  province,  but 
it  is  now  governed  by  an  independent  chief.  The 
BarVary  States  haye   assisted  the  Sultan  with 


ships  in  time  of  war,  but  cannot  be  regarded  as 
subjects  of  the  Ottoman  sceptre.  The  Turkish 
navy  consists  of  about  30  ships  of  the  line,  with  a 
proportional  number  of  smaller  vessels,  but  on  a 
great  emergency  can  be  increased  to  40  sail  of 
the  line,  with  frigates  and  galliots  carrying  50,000 
men.  The  army  cannot  be  estimated  at  more 
than  150,000  effective  men.  The  revenue  is  cortt- 
putcd  at  32,000,000  dollars. 

Turkey,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  14  m.  N.  W.  Eliza- 
bethtown. 

Turkey,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi  about  30  m.  below  the  Ouisconsin. 
Its  mouth  is  60  yards  wide. 

Turkey  Foot,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

Turkey  Hill,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois.  Pop. 
1,151. 

Turkey  Point,  v.  Upper  Canada,  on  lake  Erie, 
a  little  E.  of  Long  point,  and  60  m,  S.  W.  fort  Erie. 
Here  are  a  court-house  and  jail. 

Turkey  Point,  point  of  land,  Md.  at  the  head  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  15  m.  S.  W.  Elkton.  Here  the 
British  landed  in  August  1777,  when  they  ad- 
vanced to  Philadelphia. 

Turki,  t.  Hind,  in  Bahar,  31  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dur- 
bunga.  Lon.  85"  33' E.  Lat.  26"  18' N. 

Turkin,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  Caspian 
sea,  140  m.  S.  Astrachan.  Lon.  47"  14'  E.  Lat.  44° 
15'  N. 

Turlos,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Engia,  near  the 
N.  E.  point  of  the  island  of  Engia. 

Turn,  t.  Walachia,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Alaut 
and  the  Danube,  24  m.  S.  Brancovani,  84  E.  Or- 
sova. 

Turnau,  t.  Bohemia,  44  m,  N.  N.  E.  Prague. 
Lon.  15"  11'  E.  Lat.  53°  32'  N. 

Turneff  Island,  island  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
about  20  miles  long,  and  10  broad.  Lon.  88"  20» 
W.  Lat.  17"  16'  N. 

Turner,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  on  the  Andros- 
coggin, 18  m.  E.  Paris,  155  N.  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,129. 

Turnersville,  p-v.  Kent  co.  Va. 

Turness,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  ot 
Hoy.    Lon.  3"  10'  W.  Lat.  58"  41' N. 

Turnhout,  t.  Brabant,  25  m.  S.  S.  W.  Bois-le- 
Duc,  18  S.  S.  E.  Breda.  Lat.  51°  25'  N.  Lon.  4" 
55'  E.     Pop.  8,605. 

Turoe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt, 
12  m.  S.  W.  Assens,  in  the  island  of  Funen. 

Turon,  seaport,  Cochin  China,  in  a  bay  to 
which  it  gives  name.  Lon.  108"  6'  E.  Lat.  IB*" 
9'  N. 

Turreff,  t.  Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  on  the 
river  Devron,  26  m.  N.  N.  W.  Aberdeen. 

Turret  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Mergui  archipe- 
lago.   Lat.  10"  24'  N. 

Tursi,  t.  Naples,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  110  m.  E. 
S.  E.  Naples.  Lon.  16°  30'  E.  Lat.  40°  17'  N. 

Turtle  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
14"56'S.   , 

Turtle  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  New  Ireland, 
called  also.S7,  George^ s  Bay;  and  Praslin  Bay. 

Turtle  Creek,  v.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Monongaiiela,  12  m.  above  Pittsburg. 

Turtle  Creek,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  3,442. 

Turtle  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea. 
Lon.  132°  51' E.     Lat.  6"  35' S. 

Turtle  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
109"  58' E.    Lat.  7"  42' S. 

Turtle  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  177°  57'  VV.    Lat.  19"  50'  S. 

Turtle  River,  r.  Georgia,  which  flows  into  St. 


7S2, 


T  U  Z 


T  Y  L 


Simons  sound.  The  bar  at  its  mouth  has  suffi- 
cient depth  of  water  for  the  largest  vessels. 

Turlon,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  6  m.  S.  Black- 
burn. 

Turiucala,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  the 
Danube,  34  m   S.  W.  Dristra. 

Turuchan,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Eni- 
aei,  a  little  S.  of  Turuchansk. 

Turuchansk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Eni- 
sei,  formerly  called  Mangasea.  Most  of  the  in- 
habitants have  always  been  Cossacs.  724  ra.  N. 
E.  Tobolsk,  1,800  E.  N.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  88° 
44' E.  Lat.  65M0'N. 

Tuscaloosa.     See  Black  Warrior. 

Tuscaloosa,  co.  Alabama,  on  Black  Warrior 
Hver. 

Tuscany,  Grand  Duchij  of,  (an.  Etruria,)  coun- 
try, Italy,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  States  of  the 
Church ;  S.  and  W.  by  the  Mediterranean ;  N. 
W.  by  the  Duchy  of  Lucca.  It  comprises  the  isl- 
and of  Elba  and  other  small  possessions,  governed 
by  the  archduke  Ferdinand  of  Austria,  and  con- 
tains 8,500  square  miles,  and  1,]80,1X)0  inhabit- 
ants. The  revenue  exceeds  $2,000,000.  The  ar- 
my on  an  emergency  can  be  increased  to  30,000 
men.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile  re- 
gions of  Italy,  abounding  in  corn  and  cattle,  wine 
and  fruits.  The  principal  cities  are  Florence, 
Leghorn  and  Pisa. 

Tuscarawas,  name  of  the  main  branch  of  Mus- 
kingum river,  above  Coshocton. 

Tuscarawas,  co.  Ohio,  on  Tuscarawas  river. 
Pop.  in  1815,  3,880.  Chief  town.  New  Philadel- 
phia. 

Tuscarawas,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Fori,  in  1819, 
630. 

Tuscarora,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  2^  m.  E.  Lew- 
istown,  inhabited  by  Tuscarora  Indians  to  the 
number  of  300.  They  have  made  considerable 
progress  in  civilization,  having  in  a  great  measure 
abandoned  the  chase,  and  depending  for  support 
principally  upon  the  produce  of  their  soil.  They 
have  a  good  meeting-house,  a  school,  and  a  regu- 
larly organized  church  of  17  Indian  members,  un- 
der the  care  of  a  missionary  of  the  United  Foreign 
Missionary  Society. 

Tusis,  t.  on  the  Rhine,  15  m.  S.  Coire,  20  N. 
Chiavenna.  Lon.  9°  30'  E.  Lat.  46°  32'  N. 

Tuskar,  small  isl.  in  St.  George's  channel,  5  m. 
from  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Ireland.  Lon.  6"  10'  W. 
L-.t.  52°  13'  N. 

Tuspa,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  lon.  98°  W.   lat.  21°  28'  N. 

Tutacorin,  or  Tutucorin,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carna- 
tic,  25  m.  E.  Palamcotta,  85  S.  Madura. 

Tutbury,  or  Tuttesbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford,  on 
the  Dove,  5  m.  N.  W.  Burton,  134  N.  W.  Lon- 
don.  Lon.  1°  41'  W.  Lat.  52°  51'  N. 

Tuttlmgen.     See  Dultlingen. 

Tuiurn,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena,  160 
m.  N.  Irkutsk,  200  S.  S.  W.  Kirensk.  Lon.  105° 
44'  E.  Lat.  54°  40'  N. 

Tuxford,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottingham,  15  m.  N.  Not- 
tingham, 137  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  55'  W.  Lat.  53° 
14' N. 

Tuy,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  a  mountain,  near 
the  N.  side  of  the  Minho,  opposite  Valenca,  in 
Portugal ;  the  see  of  a  bishop.  40  m.  S.  W.  Oren- 
se,  50  S.  Compostella.  Lon.  8°  37'  W.  Lat.  42° 
3'N. 

Tusla,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania,  at  the  W. 
end  of  a  lake  to  which  it  gives  name,  28  m»  N. 
Cogni. 


Tweed,  r.  Scotland,  which  from  Cold  stream 
forms  the  boundary  line  between  England  and 
Scotland,  and  runs  into  the  German  sea  at  Ber- 
wick. 

Tweedmouth,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Durham,  separa- 
ted only  by  the  Tweed  from  Berwick. 

Twelve  Apostles,  small  islands  at  the  W.  extrem- 
ity of  the  straits  of  Magellan,  on  the  coast  of  Ter- 
ra del  Fuego,  between  cape  Pillar  and  cape  De- 
seada. 

Twickenham,  v.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  on  the 
Thames,  11  m.  W.  S.  W.  London. 

Twiggs,  CO.  Geo.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Oakmul- 
gee.  Pop.  3,405,  including  642  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Marion. 

Twin,  t.  Dark  co.  Ohio. 

Twin,  t.  Ross  CO.  Ohio,  on  Paint  Creek,  8  m.  W 
Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819, 1,510. 

Ticin,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Twin  Creek.     See  Franklin  Creek. 

Twin,  North  and  South,  2  islands  in  James' 
bay,  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  80°  40'  W.  Lat.  33° 
20' N. 

Twins,  2  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  island  of  Paraguay.  Lon.  118°  3'  E.  Lat.  9° 
18' N. 

Twins,  2  small  islands  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Flores.  Lon,  122"  33' 
E.  Lat.  8°  2'  S. 

Twohead  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Ireland,  1  m.  W.  Lamb's-Head. 

TwO'Headed  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Kodiak,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon. 
207°  5'  E.  Lat.  56°  54'  N. 

Twohearted  River,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Superior,  21  m.  N.  of  the  Grand 
Marais. 

Twunf,  t.  Algiers,  on  the  coast  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 30  m.  N.  W.  Tremecen.  Lon.  1°  2'  W. 
Lat.  35°  18'  N. 

Tybee,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the  mouth 
of  Savannah  river.  Lon.  81°  10'  W.  Lat.  32°  N. 
Here  is  alight-house. 

Tyemochtee,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  Sandusky 
river,  12  m.  below  Upper  Sandusky. 

Tyfory,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  45  m.  '\\ 
Gilolo.   Lon.  126°  28'  E.  Lat.  1°  6'  N. 

Tygarls  Valley.     See  Beverly,  Randolph  co.  Va. 

Tyger,  r.  S.  C.  which  rises  in  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  and  runs  into  Broad  river,  5  m.  above 
the  mouth  of  tlie  Enoree. 

Tygers''  Point,  cape  of  Asia,  on  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  Ava,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Persaim.  Lon.  94"  45- 
E.    Lat.  15°  50' N. 

Tyge/s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Chiampa.  Lon.  107"  45'  E.  Lat. 
10°  47'  N. 

Tygers''  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Cochin  China.  Lon.  106°  13'  E. 
Lat.  16"  51'  N. 

Tyger  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Amapalla.  Lon.  13° 
10' N. 

Ty  Gwyn,  v.  Wales,  in  Caermarthen,  5  m.  W, 
St.  Clare. 

Tykoczyn,  t.  Poland,  in  the  palatinate  of  Bielsk, 
In  1705,  Augustus  II.  instituted  the  order  of  the 
White  Eagle  in  this  town.  28  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Bielsk. 

Tyler,  co.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Va.  formed  from 
part  of  Ohio  county.  At  the  court-house  is  a 
post-office. 


V  A  D 

Tyhrs,  Great  and  Little,  2  small  islands  in  the 
5ulf  of  Finland.  Lon.  27"  12' E.  Lat.  5^  50' N. 

Tt/ne,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  German 
sea,"  in  Ion.  2"  3ii'  VV.  lat.  56"  2'  N. 

Ti/ngsborough,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  28  m.  N.  W.  Boston. 
Pop.  704. 

Tj/pa,  harbour  on  the  coast  of  China,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  river  of  Canton.  Lon.  1 13°  49'  E. 
Lat.  22°  9'  i\. 

Ti/ran,  or  Ti/ron,  small  isl.  in  the  Red  sea.  Lon. 
34''28'E.   Lat.  27"  40' N. 

Tyrawhy's  Point,  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  Tre- 
vanion's  island,  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  163° 
4rE.  Lat.  10°  48' S. 

TyringUam,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  14  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Lenox.     Pop.  1,689. 

Tyrokse,  or  Tyrol^  formerly  a  county  of  the 
Austrian  dominions,  bounded  N.  by  Bavaria,  E. 
by  Salzburg  and  Corinthia,  S.  by  Italy,  and  W.  by 
Bavaria  and  the  Grisons.  It  is  now  included  in 
the  division  of  the  empire,  called  Upper  Austria. 
The  country  is  mountainous,  and  capable  of  mak- 
ing a  powerlul  stand  against  an  invading  enemy. 

Tyrone,  countv,  Ireland,  hounded  N.  E.  by  Lon- 


V  A  L 


753 


donderry,  E.  by  Lough  Neagh,  S.  E.  by  Armagh, 
S.  by  Monaghan,  S.  W.  by  Fermanagh,  and  W. 
by  Donegal. 

Tyrone,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,604. 

Tyrone,  t.  P'ayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Youghiogeny, 
15  m.  N.  Union.     Pop.  989. 

Tyrone,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  753. 

Tyroot,  circar,  Hind,  in  Bahar.  Durbungah  is 
the  capital. 

Tyrrel,  co.  in  the  E.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  3,364, 
including  910  slaves.    Chief  town,  Elizabethtown. 

Tysied,  t.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  on  a  riv- 
er, which  runs  into  the  Lymford  Gulf,  40  m.  W. 
Aalborg.     Lon.  8°  45' E.  Lat.  57°  3' N.  _ 

Tywappity,  t.  Cape  Girardeau  co.  Missouri. 

Tywappity,  t.  New  Madrid  co.  Missouri. 

Tzareragor,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tobol, 
28  m.  S.  S.  E.  Okunevsk.  Lon.  64°  34'  E.  Lat.  55° 
20'  N. 

Tzaritsin,  t.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  on  the  Volga, 
180  m.  S.  Saratov,  378  E.  Ekaterinoslav.  Lon. 
44°  34'  E.  Lat.  48°  35'  N. 

Tzurnchatu,  {Sluroi,)  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  160 
m.  S.  E.  Nertchinsk.  Lon.  119°  32'  E.  Lat.  49° 
18'  N. 


U.  V. 


Vaagen,  {East,)  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  20  m. 
from  the  coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  68°  26'  N. 

Vaagen,  (West,)  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  30  m. 
from  the  coast  of  IVorway.     Lat.  68°  12'  N. 

Vaagsoe,  small  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  61°  57'  N. 

Vaarsoe,  small  isl.  of  Denmark,  off  the  E.  coast 
of  Jutland.     Lon.  10°  1'  E.  Lat.  55"  53'  N. 

Vabres,  t.  France,  in  Aveiron,  2  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Afrique. 

Vacan,  one  of  the  small  Philippine  Islands,  near 
•ihe  N.  coast  of  Samar.  Lon.  121°  15'  E.  Lat.  12° 
47' N. 

Vacca,  {La,)  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean, 
aear  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia,  3  m.  S.  St.  Antioco. 

Vacha,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Weimar,  on  the 
Werra,  30  m.  N.  E.  Fulda,  46  E.  Marburg.  Pop. 
2,000. 

Facha,  t.  Germany,  25  m.  N.  E.  Anspach. 

Vachts  or  Cotc-s  Island,  isl.  12  m.  from  the  S. 
:oast  of  Hispaniola,  about  24  miles  in  circumfer- 
snce.     Lon.  74"  2.0'  VV.  Lat.  18°  5'  N. 

Voiche  et  le  Torrtau,  or  Cow  and  Bull  Rocks, 
rocks  on  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  a  little  E. 
df  Placei^tia  Bay. 

Vada,  s-p.  Tuscany,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Cecina,  18  m.  S.  W.  Volterra,  16  E.  S.  E.  Leg- 
horn.    Lon.  10°  30'  E.  Lat.  43°  17'  N. 

Vadadelli,  t.  Hind.  25  m.  N.  Madras,  one  of  the 
■tations  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society. 

Fadin,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bessarabia.on  the  Dan- 
ube, 32  m.  W.  Nicopoli. 

Vado,  or  Vadi,  s-p.  of  the  Genoese,  in  a  bay, 
with  a  good  hai'bor,  3  m.  S.,Savona.  Lon.  8°  30' 
E.  Lat.  44"  14'  N. 

Fadutz,  t.  and  castle,  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
lalitv  of  Lichtenftoin,  26  m.  S.  Lindau.  34  S.   S. 

9/5 


E.  Constance.  Lon.  9"  31'  E.  Lat.  45°  5'  N.  Pop. 
1,800. 

Faena,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  18  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Cordova. 

Fairoe,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  N. 
coast  of  Laland.     Lon.  10°  46'  E.  Lat.  55°  57'  N. 

Fwroe,  small  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  20  leagues 
from  the  coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  67"  N. 

Faga,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Dwina,  at 
Ust  Vagskoi,  in  Archangel. 

Fagos,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the  Atlantic 
coast,  6  m.  S.  Braganca  Nova. 

Fagskoi,  Ust,  t.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  at  the 
union  of  the  rivers  Vaga  and  Dwina,  20  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Schenkursk. 

Faigar,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  Ocean,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Straits  of  Vaigatskoi,  about  24  miles 
long.     Lon.  52°  24'  E.  Lat.  75"  30'  N. 

Faihend,  or  Scanderie,  t.  Persia,  in  Segestan, 
150  m.  S.  E.  Candahar.  Lon.  66°  40'  E.  Lat.  31° 
10' N. 

Faison,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  on  the  Oueze, 
22  m.  N.  N.  E.  Avignon,  23  S.  E.  Montelimart. 
Pop.  2,130. 

Fal  de  Pradcs,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Montea, 
16  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mirandela. 

Faladares,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Duero  e  Minho, 
5  m.  S.  VV.  Melgasso. 

Falais,  canton,  Switzerland,  bounded  N.  by 
Bern,  and  the  lake  of  Geneva,  E.  and  S.  by  Italy, 
VV.  by  Savoy;  about  100  miles  long  from  E.  to 
VV.  and  from  20  to  25  broad.  The  whole  country 
is  one  large  vale,  watered  by  the  Rhone,  and  en- 
vironed on  the  N.  and  S.  by  very  high  mountains. 
The  Valais  is  a  country  of  extraordinary  fertility, 
producing  wheat,  barley,  rye,  good  wine,  witli 
plenty  of  apples,  pears,  plumb?,  cherries,    chest  - 


154 


V  A  L 


nuts,  mulberries,  small-nuts,  saffron,  &;c.  Both 
hills  and  yallies  breed  great  numbers  of  cattle. 
The  inhabitants  are  much  subject  to  goitres.  The 
religion  is  the  Roman  Catholic.  Sionisthe  capital. 
Fop.  120,000. 

Valcuy  r.  Popedom,  which  runs  into  the  Tiber, 
about  5  miles  above  Rome. 

Valdaia,  t.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  7]  m.  S.  E. 
Novgorod.     Lon.  33"  44'  E.  Lat.  57"  50'  N. 

Faldasnes,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Montes,  9  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Mirandela. 

Valdecona,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15  m.  S.  Tor- 
tosa. 

Vdldepenas,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen,  8  m.  S.  W,  Jaen. 
^     Valdepenas,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  22  m.  S. 
E.  Civdad  Real. 

Valdigem,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the  Due- 
ro,  3  m.  N.  E.  Lamego. 

Valdivia^  r.  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  sea  near 
Valdivia. 

Valdiria,  or  Baldivia,  s-p.  Chili,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  one  of  the  most  populous 
cities  in  Chili.  Its  harbor  is  the  safest,  the  strong- 
est by  nature  and  art,  and  the  most  capacious  of 
any  on  the  western  coast  of  America.  180  m.  S. 
Conception.  Lon.  73"  54'  W.  Lat.  39"  40'  S.  Pop. 
about  40,000. 

Valedia,  s-p.  Africa,  in  Fez,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Atlantic.  The  harbor  is  capable  of  containing 
above  1,000  ships,  but  the  entrance,  is  difBcult 
and  dangerous.     27  m.  S.  S.  W.  Mazagan. 

Valeggio,  or  Valezzo,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  on  the 
Mincio,  17  m.  S.  W.  Verona,  12  N.  Mantua. 

Valenga,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Duero  e  Minho, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Minho,  16  m.  W.  Oporto,  30 
W.  N.  W.  Braganca,     Lon.  8°  20'  W.  Lat  42"  N. 

Valenga  de  Alcantara,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadu- 
ra,  24  m.  S.  W.  Alcantara. 

Valen^a  dt  Duero,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  half  a 
league  from  the  Duero,  12  m.  W.  St.  Joao  de  Pes- 
queira. 

Valence,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Agen,  22  E.  Nerac.  Lon.  0"  59'  E.  Lat.  44" 
C'N. 

Valence,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Drome,  on 
the  left  side  of  the  Rhone.  Before  the  revolut'on 
it  was  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  capital  of  a  princi- 
pality called  Valentinois.  16i  posts  N.  Avignon, 
71  S.  S.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  4"  59'  E.  Lat.  44"  55'  N. 
Pop.  7,532. 

Valence  el  Jllbtgeois,  t.  France,  in  Tarn,  12  m. 
N.  E.  Alby,  21  S.  S.  W.  Rhodez. 

Valencia,  province,  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Ara- 
gon  and  Catalonia,  E.  and  S.  E.  by  the  Mediterra- 
nean, S.  W.  by  Murcia,  and  W.  by  New  Castile, 
about  220  long  from  N.  to  S.  ;  the  breadth  is  une- 
qual, from  20  to  45.  In  proportion  to  its  extent, 
it  is  one  of  the  best  peopled  provinces  of  Spain. 
The  soil  is  extremely  fertile,  although  divided  by 
mountains.  Silk  is  made  in  this  province  in  large 
quantities.     Pop.  932,150. 

Valencia,  city,  Spain,  and  cap.  of  the  above 
province,  is  on  the  Guadalaviar,  about  a  mile  from 
its  mouth.  The  streets  are  narrow,  and  there  are 
few  fine  edifices.  The  silk  manufactures  are 
among  the  most  extensive  in  Europe.  The  har- 
bor is  merely  a  bad  Foad  without  anchorage  or 
shelter.  The  surrounding  country  is  fertile  and 
beautiful.  170  m.  E.  S.  E.  Madrid.  Lon.  0"  27' 
W.  Lat.  39"  27'  N.     Pop.  105,000. 

Valencia,  t.  S.  Ameiica,  in  Caraccas,  16  m.  S. 
W.  Caraccas,  12  E.  S.  E.  Venezuela.  Lon.  68" 
W.  Lat.  10"  N. 

Valenciennes,  city,  France,  in  the  dep.  of  the 


V  A  L 

North,  situated  on  the  Scheldt.  Large  sums  have 
heretofore  been  spent  in  repairing  and  improving 
the  fortifications.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  lace,  cambrick,  and  woollen  mitts,  camlets, 
&c.  4i  posts  E.  Douay,  26  N.  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon. 
3"  36'  E.  Lat.  50"  21'  N.     Pop.  16,918. 

Valeniia,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  S.  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  5  miles  long.  Lon.  10"  1 1'  W. 
Lat  51"  52'  N. 

Valenza,  t.  Italy,  in  the  Sardinian  States,  on  the 
Po,  6  m.  N.  Alexandria,  22  S.  Novara. 

Valetta,  or  Citta  Nuova,  city,  Malta,  and  cap. 
of  the  island,  built  on  a  hill,  in  form  like  a  neck  of 
land  extending  itself  into  the  sea.  Its  walls  are  of 
large  square  stones,  dug  out  of  the  rock,  and  plant- 
ed with  several  batteries.  On  the  point  towards 
the  sea,  stands  the  castle  of  St.  Elmo,  a  fortress 
which  defends  both  the  harbors,  one  of  which  is 
called  Marsa  Masciello.  The  other  harbor  is  call- 
ed The  Great  Harbor,  be^ng  the  largest,  safest, 
and  most  commodious  ni  this  island.  The  town  of 
Valetta  contains  a  handsome  jjalaca,  several  con- 
vents and  nunneries,  and  a  large  hospital.  Pop. 
23,680. 

Valey  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  sepa- 
rated by  Valey  Sound,  from  the  island  of  Shetland, 
Lon.  1"  58'  W.  Lat.  60"  15'  N. 

Valk,  t.  Russia,  in  Riga,  72  m.  N.  E.  Riga.  Lon. 
25"  44' E.  Lat  57"  50' N. 

Valki,  t  Russia,  in  Charcov,  16  m.  S.  W.  Char- 
kov.  Lon.  35"  44'  E.  Lat.  49"  36'  N. 

Valkovar,  or  Barkovar,  or  Vaiko,  t  Sclavonia, 
near  the  right  bank  of  the  Drave,  15  m.  S.  E.  Es- 
zeck,  60  N.  W.  Belgrade. 

Vallabregues,  t.  France,  in  mouths  of  the  Rhone, 
3  m.  N.  Tarascon,  9  S.  VV.  Avignon. 

Valladolid,  t.  Spai"n,  in  Leon,  on  a  small  rive: 
called  Esquava,  near  the  Pisuerga;  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  seat  of  an  university.  84  m.  N  N. 
W.  Madrid.  Lon.  4"  47'  W.  Lat  41"  42'  N.  Pop. 
24,000. 

Valladolid,  or  Comayagua,  t.  Gualimala,  in 
Honduras;  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Lon.  88"  19'  W. 
Lat  14"  30'  N. 

Valladolid,  or  Mechoacan,  intendency,  New 
Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Guanaxuato,  E.  and  S.  by 
Mexico,  S.  W.  by  the  Pacific,  N.  W.  bv  Guada- 
laxara.     Extent,  26,396  sq.  miles.     Pop.'  376,400. 

Vallen^ay,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  22  m.  E.  Loches. 
Lon.  1"  38'  E.  Lat  47"  10'  N. 

Vallerauque,  t  France,  in  Gard,  6  m.  N.  le  Vi- 
gan,  19  W.  Alais.     Pop.  3,913. 

Vallers,  t  France,  in  Indre  and  Loire,  12  m.  \V. 
S.  W.  Tours. 

Valley  forge,  place.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill,  15  m. 
N.  VV.  Philadelphia. 

Vallonise,  t  France,  in  Higher  Alps,  9  m.  S.  W. 
Bnan9on.     Pop.  3,2fj7. 

Vails,  t.  Sixain,  in  Catalonia,  9  m.  N.  Tarrago- 
na.    Pop.  8,290. 

Valluce,  small  is-1.  in  the  English  Channel,  near 
the  coast  of  France.  Lon.  2"  55'  W.  Lat.  47"  26' N. 

Valognes,  t.  France,  in  Channel,  7^  posts  N. 
Coutances,  37^  W.  N.  VV.  Paris.  Lou.  1"  23'  E. 
Lat.  49"  31'  N.     Pop.  6,798. 

Valona,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  a  Gulf 
of  the  Adriatic.     Lon.  19"  28'  E.  Lat.  40"  36'  N. 

Valonia,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Indiana. 

Valparayso,  s-p.  Chili,  and  port  of  St.  Jago,  is 
on  a  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  harbor  is  ca- 
pacious and  deep,  and  ships  of  the  largest  si/.c  can 
lie  close  to  the  shore.  The  port  is  the  most  fre- 
quented in  Chili,  although  open  to  the  iN.  E.  and 
N.  VV.  winds,  which  blow  with  great  violence  in 


VAN 

winter,  accompanied  with  a  heavy  sea.  The 
country  near  the  sea  is  very  barren,  and  all  the 
supplies  are  drawn  from  Quillota.  The  popula- 
tion does  not  exceed  6,500  souls.  Until  the  late 
revolution,  the  only  commerce  of  this  port  was 
with  Lima.  From  the  opening  of  the  ports  by 
the  patriots  in  February  181 7,  to  July  1818,  the 
imports  into  Chili  in  British  vessels  amounted  to 
$1,8(10,000,  and  in  vessels  belonging  to  citizens  of 
tlie  U.  States  to  about  $1,300,000.  The  articles 
were  principally  British  manufactured  goods.  225 
m.  N.  Conception,  75  N.  W.  St.  Jago.  Lon.  72° 
16' VV.  Lat.33°3'S. 

Falperga,  t.  Sardinian  States,  16  m.  N.  Turin. 
Pop.  3,300. 

f^als,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  celebrated  for  sev- 
eral medicinal  springs  in  the  neighborhood,  12  m. 
S.  W.  Privas,  18  N.  W.  Viviers. 

Valtcline,  a  lordship,  Italy,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Alps  ;  bounded  N.  by  the  Orisons,  E.  by  the  coun- 
ty of  Bormio  and  the  Bressan,  S.  by  the  Berga- 
masco  and  the  Milanese,  and  W.  by  the  county  of 
Chiavenna  and  the  Milanese.  It  is  a  valley  in- 
closed between  two  chains  of  lofty  mountains, 
about  50  miles  long,  and  from  8  to  20  broad.  It  is 
exceedingly  fruitful,  and  throughout  its  whole  ex- 
tent watered  by  the  Adda.  This  country  now 
forms  part  of  the  Austrian  dominions. 

Falra,  t.  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra,  the  see  ol  a 
bishop,  18  m.  S.  S.  W.  Civita  di  Chieti,  36  m.  N. 
W.  Molise. 

Vulverde  de  Fresno.,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  27  m.  S. 
S.  W.CivdadRodrigo. 

Faluiki,  t  Russia,  in  Voronez,  108  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Voronez.     Lon.  37°  44'  E.  Lat.  50"  2'  N. 

Vam-kaose,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  Archipela- 
go, 62  m.  S.  W.  Macao. 

Van,  t.  Curdistan,  280  m.  N.  Bagdad,  120  S. 
Erivan.     Lon.  43"  55'  E.  Lat.  38"  9'  N. 

Van,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Bristol 
Channel,  5  m.  below  Cowbridge,  in  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

Vance,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio. 
Vanceburg,  p-v.  Lewis  co.  Ken. 
Vancoiirer  sfort,  Kentucky,  at  the  forks  of  Big 
Sandy  river,  20  m.  N.  Harmar's  station. 

Vandalia,  t.  Bond  co.  Illinois,  and  cap.  of  the 
State,  is  on  Kaskaskias  river.  It  has  grown  up 
from  a  wilderness  within  a  few  years,  and  contains 
already  several  public  houses ;  the  erection  of 
public  oliices  for  the  Supreme  and  Federal  courts, 
and  of  a  State-prison,  is  in  prospect,  and  it  is  anti- 
cipated that  the  college  of  Illinois,  when  endowed, 
will  be  placed  in  this  vicinity, 
Vanderburg,  co.  Indiana. 

Van  Diemen's  land,  isl.  in  the  Southern  Ocean, 
separated  from  the  south  coast  of  New  Holland 
by  Bass's  straits.  It  is  about  170  miles  long  and 
150  broad,  and  lies  between  40"  41'  and  43"  38'  S. 
lat.  There  is  much  fertile  land  in  the  island,  and 
the  British  planted  a  colony  here  in  1803,  which 
is  now  very  flourishing.  The  principal  town  is  Ho- 
bart  Town,  on  the  Derwent,  a  fine  navigable  river 
which  falls  into  the  ocean  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  the  isl- 
and. The  other  settlements  are  confined  to  the 
banks  of  the  Derwent,  and  of  the  Tamar,  which  falls 
into  Bass's  straits  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island.  The 
cliuiatc  is  healthy,  and  nearly  all  the  fruits  of  Eu- 
rope have  been  successfully  introduced.  The 
colony  is  peopled  by  free  settlers  and  convicts 
from  England  as  well  as  from  New  South  Wales. 
According  to  the  returns  of  1818,  the  whole  popu- 
lation was  3,537,  of  whom  about  one  hcdf  were 


V  A  R 


7.55 


convicts.  At  the  same  period,  the  number  of 
acres  under  cultivation  was  5,681  ;  the  number  of 
horses  264;  of  horned  cattle  15,356;  of  sheep, 
127,883.  The  trade  of  the  island  is  principally 
with  India,  and  the  Isle  of  France.  The  exports 
are  wheat,  seal  skins,  oil,  sheep,  potatoes,  and 
lumber.  Coal,  and  a  valuable  species  of  timber 
have  been  discovered  on  the  island.  The  natives 
are  few  in  number,  but  hostile  to  the  colonists. 
They  are  said  to  be  as  ugly  as  tlie  New  Holland- 
ers and  as  degraded. 

Vandyke'' s  Islands,  two  islands.  Great  and  Lit- 
tle, in  the  West  Indies,  N.  W.  of  Tortola. 

Vangeville,  t.  Kentucky  at  the  mouth  of  Salt- 
lick  creek,  on  the  Ohio,  36  m.  above  Maysville. 
Here  are  salt  works. 

Vaniambaddy,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  1 12  m.  E. 
Seringapatam,'^105  S.  W.  Madras.  Lon.  78"  45' 
E.  Lat.  12"  41'  N. 

Vaniessa,ov  DevWs  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  Span- 
ish Main,  near  the  Musquito  shore.  Lon.  82"  35' 
W.  Lat.  14"  5'  N. 

Vannen,  small  isl.  in  the  North  Sea,  on  the  coast 
of  Norway.    Lon.  19"  44'  E.  Lat.  70°  10'  N. 

Vannes,  s-p.  France,  and  cap.  of  Morbihan,  at 
the  union  of  two  small  rivers,  which  form  a  har- 
bor. The  principal  commerce  is  in  corn,  bar- 
iron,  and  fish.  13  posts  N.  W.  Nantes,  56i  W.  S. 
W.  Paris.  Lon.  2°  40'  W.  Lat.  47°  39'  N.  Pop. 
2,131. 

Vansrille,  p-v.  Prince  George  co.  Md. 
Vanwert,  co.  Ohio,  formed  in  1820,  in  the  Indi- 
ana reservation. 

Var,  department,  France,  bounded  N.  by  Low- 
er Alps,  E.  by  the  Sardinian  States,  S.  and  S.  E. 
by  the  Mediterranean,  and  W.  by  Mouths  of  the 
Rhone.     Toulon  is  the  capital.     Pop.  283,296. 

Var,  r.  which  rises  in  Lower  Alps,  and  runs 
into  the  Mediterranean,  4  m.  W.  Nice. 

Varades,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loire,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Ancenis.     Pop.  2,977. 

Varallo,  t.  Sardinian  States,  on  the  Sesia,  24  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Novara,  33  E.  Aosta.  Lon.  8°  14'  E. 
Lat.  45°  49'  N.     Pop.  3,246. 

Varano,  lake  of  iVaples,  in  Capitanata,  which 
communicates  with  the  Adriatic,  13  ra.  N.  N.  W. 
Monte  St.  Angelo. 

Varasdin,  t.  Austrian  dominions,  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Drave,  with  a  castle  and  citadel,  186  m.  N. 
W.  Belgrade,  1 10  S.  Vienna.  Lon.  16°  25'  E.  Lat. 
46°  30'  N.     Pop.  4,362. 

Varbresie,  t.  France,  9  m.  N.  W.  Lyons. 
Varces,  t.  France,  7  m.  S.  Grenoble. 
Varden,  or  Wardan,  or  Ouardan,  t.  Egypt,  on 
the  west  branch  of  the  Nile,  18  m.  N.  N.  W.Cairo. 
Vnrdar,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the 
Giilfof  Saloniki,  16  m.  W.  S.  W.  Saloniki. 

Vardegus,  small  isl.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen 
Ocean,  100  m.  N.  N.  W.  Kola.  Lon.  30°  34'  E. 
Lat.  70"  25'  N. 

Varel,  t.  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  22  m.  N.  Ol- 
denburg. 

Varelle,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  sea,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Malacca.     Lon.  104"  E.  Lat.  3°  18'  N. 
Varena,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Lake  of  Como,  15  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Como,  35  N.  Milan. 

Varenne,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  10  m.  N.  Cusset, 
16S.Moulins.     Pop.  2,111. 

Varennes,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  7  m.  N.  Cler- 
mont en  Ai^onne,  13  W.  N.  W.  Verdun.  Lon.  5° 
7'  E.  Lat.  49°  14'  N. 

Varennes,  fief,  Surry  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  m.  E.  Moatreal. 


756 


V  A  V 


Varesio.  i.  Austrian  Italy,  24  m.  N.  N.  W.  Mi- 
lan, 10  W.  S.  W.  Como.  Lon.  8°  49'  E.  Lat.  45° 
50' N.     Pop.  7,000. 

Vargel,  or  Fargula,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Erfurt. 

Varhely,  t.  Transylvania,  60  m.  E.  Temesvar. 
Variety^  p-v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 
Varinas,  province,  in  the  g^overnmeut  of  Ca- 
raccas,  lying  S.  W.  Venezuela. 

Varin  Key,  small  isl.  in  the  Spanish  Main.  Lon. 
83°  W.  Lat.  ir  10' N. 

Varna,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  a  gulf 
of  the  Black  Sea,  to  which  it  gives  name,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Varna ;  the  see  of  a  Greek 
archbishop.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  ditch  and  de- 
fended by  an  old  castle.  144  m.  N.  Constantino- 
ple, 1 12  N.  N.  E.  Adrianople.  Lon.  27°  10'  E.  Lat. 
43°  14'  N.  Pop.  16,000,  consisting  of  Turks, 
Greeks,  and  Armenians. 

Varpa,  isl.  near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  30 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  103°  25'  E.  Lat.  0° 
36' S. 

Varsovia.     See  Warsaw. 

Vara,  isl.  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  near  the  coast 
of  S.  America,  16  miles  long  and  3  broad.  Lon. 
75°  25'  W.  Lat.  10°  12'  N. 

Varsy.,  t.  France,  in  Nievre,  24  m.  N.  Nevers. 
Pop.  2,500. 

Vasarhely,  t.  Hungary,  on  a  small  river,  which 
runs  into  the  Theyff,  50  m.  N.  N.  W.  Temeswar, 
80  S.  E.  Buda,     Lon.  20°  33'  E.  Lat.  46°  27'  N. 

Vash,  r.  Grand  Bukharia,  which  runs  into  the 
Gihon  near  Termed. 

Vashgerd,  t.  Grand  Bukhariu,  200  m.  S.  E.  Sa- 
marcand,  1 10  N.  E.  Termed.  Lon.  67°  50'  E.  Lat. 
38°  25'  N. 

Vashion's  Island,  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  oi' 
America,  at  the  bottom  of  Admiralty  Inlet.  Lon. 
237°  25'  E.  Lat.  47°  10'  N. 

Fasil,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Volga,  60  m.  E.  iVizuei 
Novgorod.     Lon.  45°  44'  E.  Lat.  56°  16'  N. 

Vasit,  or  Wasit,  t.  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Tigris, 
96  m.  S.  E.  Bagdad,  185  N.  N.  W.  Bassora.  Lon. 
45°  38'  E.  Lat.  32°  18'  N. 

Vaslui,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  on  the  Bir- 
lat,  32  m.  S.  Jassy.     Lon.  27°  43'  E.  Lat.  46°  40'  N. 

Vassalborough,  p-t.  Kennebec  co.  Maine,  on  Ken- 
nebec river,  8  m.  N.  Augusta,  12  from  Hallowell. 
It  contains  2  churches,  1  for  Congregationalists 
and  1  for  Quakers. 

Vassy,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  8  m.  E.  Vire,  23 
S.  S.E.Caen.     Pop.  3,152. 

Vassy,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Marne,  9  m.  S.  St. 
Dizier,  26  N.  N.  W.  Chaumont  en  Bassigny. 
Lon.  5°  2'  E.  Lat.  48°  30'  N.     Pop.  2, 1 70. 

Vastan,  t.  Curdistan,  on  Lake  Van.  In  1386, 
it  was  taken  by  Timur  Bee.  20  m.  S.  W.  Van, 
58  E.  S.  E.  Betlis. 

Vasiigan,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oby,  in 
lon.  80'  14'  E.  lat.  59°  N. 

Vatan,  t.  France,  in  Indre,  11  m.  N.  W.  Issou- 
dun.     Lon.  1°  54'  E.  Lat.  47°  5'  N.     Pop.  2,066. 

Vaihi,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Samos, 
in  a  bay  called  the  Gulf  of  Vathi.  Lon.  26°  54'  E. 
Lat.  37°  49'  N. 

Vathia,  or  Berbathi,  (an.  Tyrinx,)  t.  Eu.  Tur- 
key, in  the  Morea,  16  m.  N.  E,  Napoli  di  Romania. 

Vatica,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  44  m. 
S.  E.  Misitra. 

Vavao,  or  Vavou,  one  ef  the  Friendly  Islands, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  of  the  W.  point,  18° 
34' S. 


U  D  I 

Vauclase,  department  of  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Drome  and  Ardeche,  E.  by  Lower  Alps,  S.  by 
Mouths  of  the  Rhone,  and  W.  by  Gard.  Avig- 
non is  the  capital.     Pop.  205,832. 

Vaucouleurs,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  8  m.  N.  E. 
Gondrecourt,  33  S.  S.  E.  Verdun.  Lon.  5"  44'  E. 
Lat.  48°  36'  N.     Pop.  2,406. 

Vaud,  or  Pays  de  Vaud,  canton,  Switzerland^ 
bounded  N.  by  Neufchatel,  Et-by  Friburg,  S.  by 
the  Lake  of  Geneva  and  the  river  Rhone,  and  W. 
by  France. 

Vaudreuil,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  4  m.  N.  Louviers. 
Vaudreuil,  seigniory,  York  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Ottawa,  28  m.  from  Montreal . 
Vaudreuil,  seigniory,    Buckingham   and   Dor- 
chester cos.  Lower  Canada,  on  Chaudiere  river, 
50  m.  S.  E.  Quebec.     Pop.  1,500. 

Vaughan,  t  York  co.  Up.  Canada,  N.  oi'  York. 
Vaugirard,  t  France,  2  m.  S.  W.  Paris. 
Vaugneray,  t.  France,  8  m.  W.  S.  W.  Lyons. 
Vauverl.  t.  France,  in  Gard,  9  m.  S.  Nismes,  18 
N.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  3,200. 

Vauville,  s-p.  France,  in  Channel,  on  a  bay  to 
which  it  gives  name,  9  m.  W.  Cherburg.  Lon.  1° 
37'  W.  Lat.  49°  39'  N. 

Vayingen,  t.  Wurtemberg,  on  the  Entz,  with  a 
castle,  1 1  m.  N.  W.  Stuttgart,  28  S.  S.  E.  Heidel- 
berg. Lon.  8°  59'  E.  Lat.  48°  58'  N.  Pop.  2,700. 
Ubeda,  city  of  Spain,  in  Jaen,  3  m.  E.  Jaen,  47 
N.Grenada.  Lon.  3°  3 1' W.  Lat.  38°  3' N.  Pop. 
7,200. 

Uberlingen,  t.  Baden,  on  a  rock,  in  a  bay  of  the 
Lake  of  Constance.  It  contains  a  collegiate  church, 
a  hospital,  3  convents,  and  2  oilier  churches.  22 
m.  N.  W.  Lindau,  7  N.  Constance.  Lon.  8°  49' 
E.  Lat.  47°  23'  N.     Pop.  2,608. 

Ubi,  or  Uby,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  near  the 
coast  of  Cambodia,  21  m.  in  circumference.  Lon. 
105°  56' E.  Lat.  8°  26' N. 

Ubigau,  t.  Prussian  Stales,  in  Saxony,  6  m.  N. 
W.  Leibenwerda,  28  S.  E.  Wittenberg.  Lon.  12^ 
20'  E.  Lat.  51°  34'  N.     Pop.  800. 

Ucayale,  or  Ycayale,  r.  S.  America,  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Apurimac  and  Ene,  in  lat.  10"  50' 
S.  It  pursues  a  northerly  course  to  lat.  4°  15'  S. 
where  it  joins  the  Maranon,  and  takes  the  name 
of  the  Amazons. 

Uchendge,  t.  Asia,  in  Georgia,  to  the  E.  of  Tellis. 
Ucker,  r.  JPomerania,  which  empties  itself  iqto 
the  Frische  Haff,  1  m.  N.  Uckermunde. 
Ucker  Mark.     See  Brandenburg. 
Ucker  See,  lake  of  Brandenburg,  in  the  Ucker 
Mark,  to  the  S.  of  Prenzlow. 

Uckermunde,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania, 
on  the  Ucker,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Frische 
Half,  29  m.  N.  N.  W.  Old  Stettin,  15  S.  E.  An- 
clam.  Lon.  13°  57' E.  Lat.  53°  48' N.  Pop.  2,100. 
Ucles,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20  m.  S.  W. 
Huete. 

Uda,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Velika,  12 
m.  N.  W.  Onegka,  in  Pskov. 

Uddevalla,  s-p.  Sweden,  in  Bahus,  with  a  fort 
and  harbor,  205  m.  VV.  S.  W.  Stockholm,  40  E. 
Gotheborg.  Lon.  1 1°  45'  E.  Lat.  58"  21'  N.  Pop. 
3,500. 

Udina,  t,  Austrian  Italy,  and  cap.  of  a  province 
of  the  same  name.  It  contains  several  churches, 
convents,  and  hospitals,  a  college  for  the  study  of 
law,  and  a  military  academy.  The  province  con- 
tains 269,000  inhabitants.  35  m.  N.  W.  Trieste, 
54  N.  N.  E.  Venice.  Lon.  13°  14'  E.  Lat.  46°  10' 
N.     Pop.  16,000. 


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757 


Udinsk,  (Msnei,)  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the 
•river  Uda,  260  m.  N.  W.  Irkutsk.  Lon.  98"  50' 
E.  Lat.  54"  15'  N. 

Udinsk,  {Verchnei,)  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the 
Selenga,  88  m.  E.  Irkutsk.  Lon.  107°  20'  E.  Lat. 
5r50'N. 

Udinska,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Uda  and  the  Angara,  140  m.  W.  N.  W.  Irkutsk. 
Lon.  103°  14'  E.  Lat.  54°  12'  N. 

Udrigill  Head,  cape,  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Ross-shire.    Lon.  5°  21'  W.  Lat.  57°  54'  N. 

Udskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Uda,  1,100 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Irkutsk.  Lon.  135°  50'  E.  Lat.  55" 
16' N. 

Veal  town,  v.  N.  J.  near  Baskenridge,  7  m.  S.  W. 
Morristown. 

Vecht,  r.  Netherlands,  which  runs  into  the  Zuy- 
der  Zee,  at  Gelmuyden;  another,  runs  into  the 
ZuyderZee,  at  Muyden. 

P'echta,  t.  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  60  m.  N.  E. 
Munster.  Lon.  8°  18'  E.  Lat.  52°  43'  N.  Pop. 
1,470. 

Fedenskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  200  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Archangel.     Lon.  46°  44'  E.  Lat.  58°  45'  N. 

Veere,  or  Fere,  or  Tervere,  seaport,  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  isle  of  Walche- 
ren,  communicating  with  Middelburg,  by  means 
of  a  canal.  It  is  regularly  fortified  towards  the 
land,  with  strong  bastions  and  a  broad  ditch ;  and 
towards  the  sea  is  a  strong  wall.  The  harbor  is 
very  good.  The  arsenal  is  one  of  the  best  in  Zea- 
land, and  furnished  with  stores  for  a  considerable 
fleet.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  occupied  in  the 
herring-fishery,  which  is  their  harvest.  4  m.  N. 
Middelburg.     Lon.  3°  35'  E.  Lat.  51°  37'  N. 

Vegenoe,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Norway.    Lat.  65°  45'  N. 

Veglia,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near  the  coast 
of  Dalmatia,  about  30  miles  long,  and  90  in  cir- 
cumference, situated  in  the  innermost  part  of  the 
gulf  of  Quarnero,  and  separated  from  the  conti- 
nent by  a  small  canal.  It  belongs  to  Austria,  and 
is  included  in  the  new  kingdom  of  lUyria.  Lon. 
14°  42'  E.  Lat.  45°  16'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Veglia,  seaport  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the  above 
island,  surrounded  with  walls,  and  defended  by  a 
castle.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Lon.  14*  38'  E. 
Lat.  45°  11' N.     Pop.  1,280. 

Vegliana,  t.  Sardinian  states,  11  m.  N.  Turin. 

Veisenberg,  t.  Russia,  in  Revel,  on  the  coast  of 
the  gulf  of  Finland,  56  m.  E.  Revel.  Lon.  26° 
14'  E.  Lat.  59°  22'  N. 

Veita,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Tunis.     Lon.  11°  12'  E.  Lat.  35°  V  N. 

Velaur,  r.  Hind,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  near  Portonovo. 

Velden,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Pregnitz,  21  m.  N. 
E.  Nuremberg. 

Veldentz,  t.  Germany,  celebrated  for  an  excel- 
lent Moselle  wine,  17  m.  E.  N.  E.  Treves,  38  S. 
W.  CoblentZ.     Lou.  6°  58' E.  Lat.  49°  55' N. 

Veletri,  t.  Popedom,  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  28  m.  N.  N.  W.  Terra- 
oina,  18  S.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  12°  50'  E.  Lat.  41° 
i^  N.     Pop.  14,000. 

Velez  Malaga,  seaport,  Spain,  in  Grenada,  near 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  13  m.  E.  Malaga, 
40  S.  S.  W.  Grenada.  Lon.  4°  18'  W.  Lat.  36° 
47'  N.     Pop.  8,589. 

Veles  el  Rubio,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  near  the 
Guadalentin,  14  m.  S.  Huesca.     Pop.  7,000. 

Velezar,  r,  Spain,  i«;  formed  by  the  union  of  the 


little  rivers  Burcia  and  Sil.  It  unites  with  the 
Minho,  a  little  above  Oreme. 

Velidia,  i.  Morocco,  on  the  coast  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, 140  ra.  N.  W.  Morocco. 

Velika,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Viatka, 
10  m.  N.  E.  Orlov. 

Velino,  r.  Popedom,  which  runs  into  the  Nera. 
4  m.  fromTerni. 

Vellekat,  rocks  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  15  m.  E. 
from  the  island  of  Mysol.  Lon.  131°  2'  E.  Lat.  T 
I'S. 

Velletri.     See  Veletri. 

Vellum,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  5  m.  S.  W . 
Tanjore.     Lon.  79°  7'  E.  Lat.  10°  43'  N. 

Velorc,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  14  m.  W.  Ar- 
cot,  70  N.  W.  Pondicherry.  Lon.  79°  15'  E.  Lat. 
12°  54'  N.  It  is  a  station  of  the  Church  Missiona- 
ry Society. 

Voloso,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  14  m.  S.  St.  Joao 
da  Pesqueira. 

Venafro,  t.  Naples,  in  Lavora,  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, 14  m.  N.  Sezza,  40  N.  Naples.  Lon.  13°  58'  E. 
Lat.  41°  30' N.     Pop.  2,798. 

Venaissin,  Contat  de,  {County  of  Venaissin,) 
country,  France,  formerly  claimed  by  the  Pope, 
but  ceded  by  him  to  France  in  1797.  It  now  forms 
part  of  the  department  of  Vaucluse. 

Venango,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Crawford  co. 
E.  by  Armstrong  co.  S.  by  Butler  co.  and  W.  by 
Mercer  co.     Pop.  3,060.     Chief  town,  Franklin. 

Venango,  p-t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

Venango,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.     Pop.  434. 

Venasca,  or  Venasque,  or  Benasca,  t.  Spain,  in 
Arragon,  45  m.  N.  Balbastro,  42  N.  E.  Jaca. 

Venasque,  t.  France,  in  Vaucluse,  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  Venaissin,  on  the  Nasque,  14  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Avignon,  12  N.  W.  Apt. 

Vencatighery,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  54  m.  W.  Ar- 
cot.    Lou.  78°' 38'  E.  Lat.  12°  57'  N. 

Vence,  t.  France,  in  Var,  6  m.  N.  E.  Grasse,  9 
N.Antibes.     Pop.  2,615. 

Vendee,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Sevre 
Niortoise,  about  a  mile  E.  Marans. 

Vendee,  department,  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Lower  Loire,  and  Mayne-and-Loire,  E.  by  Two 
Sevres,  S.  by  Lower  Charente,  and  S.  W.  and  W. 
by  the  sea.  Fontenay  le  Comte  is  the  capital. 
Pop.  268,786. 

Venden,  t.  Russia,  in  Riga,  on  the  Aa,  36  m  N. 
E.  Riga.     Lon.  25°  14'  E.  Lat.  57°  12'  N. 

Vendome,  t.  France,  in  Loir  and  Cher,  on  the 
Loir,  7A  posts  N.  E.  Tours,  22  S.  3.  W.  Paris. 
Lon.  1°  8'  E.  Lat.  47°  48'  N.     Pop.  7,555. 

Vendre  le  Port,  seaport,  France,  in  Eastern  Py- 
renees, 12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Perpignan. 

Venerie,  La,  t.  Sardinian  states,  with  manufac- 
tures of  wool  and  silk,  3  m.  N.  N.  W.  Turin.  Pop 
2,700. 

Veness,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Eday.     Lon.  2°  38'  W.  Lat.  59°  1'  N. 

Venelir.o,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  the  Morea.  Lon.  25°  53' E.  Lat.  26°  41' N. 

Venetico,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Scio. 

Venezuela,  province  in  Caraccas,  bounded  N, 
by  the  Caribbean  sea  and  the  province  of  Carac- 
cas, E.  by  Cumana,  S.  by  Spanish  Guiana  and  Va- 
rinas,  and  W.  by  Maracaybo.  The  population, 
including  the  small  province  of  Varinas,  is  esti- 
mated at  .500,000.  The  name,  "Republic  ol 
Venezuela,"  was  for  some  time  applied  to  all  the 
provinces  included  in  the  Captain-generalship  oJ 
Caracca^.     ''ee  Caraccas. 


768 


V  E  R 


V  E  R 


Venesuela,  oy  Coro,  t.  Caraccas,  and  capital  of 
the  province  of  Venezuela,  situated  in  a  bay  or 
gulf  to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Caribbean  sea,  300  m.  E.  Carthagena.  Lon.  70" 
8'W.  Lat.  10"  40' N. 

Venice,  city,  Italy,  for  a  long  time  the  capital  of 
a  republic,  now  belonging  to  Austria.  This  city 
makes  a  very  grand  appearance  at  a  distance,  be- 
ing built  on  a  multitude  of  islands,  and  seeming 
to  float  ou  the  sea.  The  Laguna  or  marshy  lake 
which  lies  between  the  city  and  the  continent,  is 
5  miles  broad,  and  too  shallow  for  large  ships, — 
The  great  canal,  which  winds  through  the  city, 
and  divides  it  into  two  parts,  is  1,300  paces  long. 
Over  the  several  canals  are  laid  450,  some  say  up- 
wards of  300,  bridges :  the  highest  and  longest  is 
the  Rialto,  which  crosses  the  great  canal  at  its 
narrowest  part.  Venice  contains  70  parish 
churches,  besides  others,  54  convents  of  monks, 
26  nunneries,  17  rich  hospitals,  18  oratories,  and 
53  squares.  The  buildings  are  of  stone,  but  the 
greater  part  mean,  St,  Mark's  square  is  very 
fine,  and  is  the  pride  of  the  city.  In  the  churches 
and  convents  are  the  paintings  for  which  Venice 
is  so  highly  renowned.  The  trade  of  Venice  in 
cloth,  especially  scarlet,  silk  goods,  and  looking- 
glasses,  is  still  very  considerable.  Here  also  gold 
and  silver  stuffs  arc  manufactured.  216  m.  N. 
Rome.  Lon.  12°  18'  E.  Lat.  45"  28'  N.  Pop. 
137,240, 

Venice,  Government  of,  one  of  the  two  great  di- 
visions of  Austrian  Italy,  containing  9,930  square 
miles,  and  1,932,000  inhabitants.  It  is  subdivided 
into  the  provinces  of  Venice,  Padua,  Verona,  Vi- 
cenza,  Treviso,  Udina,  Belluno,  and  Rovigo. 

Venice,  Gulf  of.     See  Adriatic. 

Venice,  t.  Huron  co,  Ohio,  on  Sandusky  bay,  3 
m.  W.  Sandusky.  It  is  abandoned  on  account  of 
its  unheal thiness. 

Venlo,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Meuse,  12  m,  N,  N.  E.  Ruremond, 
25  N.  W.  Dusseldorp.  Lon.  6"  2'  E.  Lat.  51°  27' 
N,     Pop.  2,082, 

Venae,  small  Danish  isl,  in  the  gulf  of  Lymfiord, 
Lon.  8°  38'  E.  Lat.  56°  34'  N. 

Venosa,  t.  Naples,  in  Basilicata,  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  It  contains  7  churches.  9  m.  N,  N.  W. 
Acerenza,  35  W.  N.  W.  Matera.  Lon.  15°  48'  E. 
Lat.  40°  58' N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Vent,  r.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  which  runs  into 
the  South  Tyne. 

Venta  de  Cruz,  seaport.  Isthmus  of  Darien,  on 
the  river  Chagre,  20  m.  N.  Panama.  Lat,  9" 
26' N. 

Venthie,  La,  t.  France,  in  Straits  of  Calais,  9 
m.  N.  E.  Bethune,  12  W.  Lille.     Pop.  3,004. 

Ventotiena,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  Naples,  used  as  a  place  of  banishment  for 
criminals  of  a  superior  rank,  17  m,  W,  Ischia. 
Lon,  13°  19'  E,  Lat,  40°  53'  N, 

Ventrevre,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  France.     Lon.  2"  39'  W.  Lat.  47"  28'  N. 

Ventry,  v.  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  with  a  harbor,  3 
m.  S.  W.  Dingle. 

Vepery,  v.  Hind,  near  Madras,  where  the  Chris- 
tian Knowledge  Society  have  a  missionary, 

Ver  du  Gard,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  6  m,  S.  E, 
Uzes.  . 

Vera,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  34  m.  N.  E.  Alme- 
ria.     Lon,  2°  4'  W.  Lat.  37°  8'  N. 

Vera,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  Ealoniki,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Vardar. 

Vera  Cruz,  seaport,  Mexico,  with  a  secure  har- 


bor, defended  by  a  fort,  upon  a  rock  of  a  neigh- 
bouring  island,  called  St.  John  d' Alva,  in  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable 
places  in  Spanish  America  for  trade,  being  the 
centre  of  the  American  treasure,  and  the  maga- 
zine of  all  the  merchandize  sent  from  New  Spain, 
or  imported  from  Europe,  It  receives  a  prodi- 
gious quantity  of  East  India  goods  over  land  from 
Acapulco,  brought  from  the  Philippine  isles.  Up- 
on the  annual  arrival  of  tlie  vessels  here  from  Old 
Spain,  a  fair  is  opened,  which  lasts  many  weeks. 
Pop,  16,000,  180  m,  E.  S,  E,  IVIexico,  115  E,  S,  E, 
Pueblo  de  los  Angelos,  Lon.  97"  26'  VV.  Lat,  19° 
5'N. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  port  in  the  bay  of  St.  Philip  and 
St.  Jago,  in  Terra  Australis  del  Espiritu  Santo, 
capable  of  containing  1,000  ships. 

Vera  Cruz,  Old,  seaport,  Mexico,  where  Cortes 
landed  in  1518,  15  m,  N,  Vera  Cruz.  Lon.  97" 
40' W.  Lat,  19°  20' N, 

Vera  Paz,  province,  Guatimala,  bounded  N.  by 
Chiapa,  E.  by  the  bay  and  province  of  Honduras, 
S,  by  Guatimala. 

Vera  Paz,  or  Coban,  t,  Guatimala,  and  capital 
of  the  province  of  Vera  Paz,  on  a  river,  which 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Honduras,  600  m,  S,  E,  Mex- 
ico, Lon.  91°  14' W.  Lat.  15°  50' N. 

Vera-gila,  small  isl,  in  the  gulf  of  Venice.  Lon. 
13°32'E,  Lat,  44°  12' N. 

Veragtia,  province.  New  Granada,  bounded  N. 
by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Darien,  S.  by  the 
Pacific  ocean,  and  W.  by  Costa  Ric.*, 

Verbro  Aa,  r,  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland, 
which  runs  into  the  sea,  6  ni,  W.  S.  W.  Ilioring. 

Vercelli,  t.  Sardinian  states,  on  the  Sesa,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Cerva,  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  contains  14  churches,  and  19  convents.  30  m, 
S,  W.  Milan,  38  N.  E.  Turin.  Lon.  8°  26'  E.  Lat. 
45°22'N.     Pop,  16,162, 

Vercheres,  seigniory,  Surrey  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S,  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Montreal. 

Verchokizilskoi,  fort,  Russia,  in  Upha,  at  the 
union  of  the  Kizil  and  Ural,  40  m.  S.  Verchou- 
ralsk. 

Vercholensk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena, 
228  m.  S.  S.  W,  Kirensk,  120  N,  Irkutsk.  Lon. 
105°  34'  E.  Lat,  54°  N. 

Verehotura,  t.  Russia,  in  Ekaterinburg,  near 
the  river  Tura.  It  has  4  churches,  and  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop.  It  is  fortified,  and  defended  by  a  gar- 
rison. 120  m.  N.  Ekaterinburg.  Lon.  60°  14'  E. 
Lat.  58°  45'  N. 

Verchouralik,  t.  Russia,  in  Upha,  on  the  Ural, 
120  m.  S.  E.  Upha.  Lon.  59°  14'  E.  Lat.  53° 
36' N. 

Verde,  or  Green  Island,  isl.  on  the  N.  coast  of  S. 
America,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Martha. 

Verde  Island,  or  Verde  Key,  one  of  the  small 
Bahamas,     Lon.  75"  26' W.  Lat.  22°  54' N. 

Verde  Cape,  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lon,  17°  31' W,  Lat,  14"  48' N. 

Verde  Cape  Islands,  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa,  390  m,  W.  Cape  Verde,  between  15°  and 
18°  N.  lat.  They  belong  to  the  Portuguese,  The 
climate  is  unwholesome,  and  the  soil  for  the  most 
part  stony  and  barren,  but  in  some  places  produ- 
ces rice,  maize,  bananas,  lemons,  grapes,  and  oth- 
er fruits.  Leather  and  salt  are  manufactured. 
St.  Yago  and  St,  Philip  are  the  only  islands  that 
are  fortified.     Pop,  estimated  at  100,000. 

Verden,  t.  Hanover,  and  capital  of  a  principal- 
ity of  the  same  name,  on  the  Allier,  which  di- 


V  E  R 

vides  itself  here  into  two  arms,  56  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Hamburg,  40  N.  W.  Hanover.  Lon.  9"  15'  E. 
Lat.  52"  58' N.     Pop.  5,100. 

f^erden,  principality,  Germany,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Hanover,  bounded  N.  and  W .  by  the  duchy  of 
Bremen,  E.  and  S.  by  Luneburg.  Extent,  520 
sq^uare  miles.  Pop.  22,550.  The  inhabitants  are 
Lutherans. 

Ferdi,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  MadagJis- 
car.     Lon.  47"  50'  E.  Lat.  14"  35'  S. 

Ferdigris,  r.  Arkansaw  Territory,  which  runs 
into  the  N.  side  of  Arkansaw  river.  It  is  naviga- 
ble 200  miles. 

Verdon,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Du- 
rance, at  Pertuis. 

Verdun,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  before  the  revo- 
lution, the  capital  of  a  province,  called  Verdunois, 
and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  Exclusive  of  its  fortifi- 
cations, it  is  defended  by  a  fine  citadel.  It  con- 
tains 10  churches.  33  m.  N.  VV.  Toul,  24  N.  Bar 
le  Due.  Lon.  5"  27'  E.  Lat.  49"  9'  N.  Pop. 
10,172. 

Verdun  sur  Garonne,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Ga- 
ronne, 18  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Toulouse.     Pop.  3,442. 

Verdun  sur  Saone,  U  France,  in  Saone-and- 
Loire,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Saone  and  Doubs,  9 
m.  N.  K.  Chalons  sur  Saone,  11  E.Chagny.  Lon. 
5°  7'  E.  Lat.  46°  54'  N. 

Vere,  r.  Eng,  in  Herts,  which  runs  into  the 
Coin,  2  m.  S.  E.  St.  Albans. 

Vereria,  t.  Russia,  in  Moscow,  56  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Moscow.  Lon.  35"  50'  E.  Lat.  55"  18'  N.  Pop. 
5,541. 

Verfeil,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  11  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Toulouse.     Pop.  2, 1 44. 

Vergara,  t.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  7  m.  S.  Tolosa. 
Pop.  4,(MX>. 

Vergennes,  city,  Addison  co.  Vermont,  on  Otter 
creek,  at  the  Lower  Falls,  6  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  13  below  Middlebury,  29  S.  Burling- 
ton. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  several  mills 
and  manufactories,  and  considerable  trade.  Pop. 
835. 

Vergoraz,  t.  Dalmatia,  20  m  E.  Narenta,  21  S. 
E.  Macarsca. 

Veria,  or  Beria,  t.  Spain,  in  Grenada,  near  the 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  16  m.  E.  Motril. 

Vena,  or  Cara  Veria,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 48  m.  W.  Saloniki.  Lon.  21"  58'  E.  Lat. 
40"43']V.     Pop.  9,000. 

Verina,  t.  S.  America,  in  Cumana,  on  a  gulf  of 
the  Atlantic,  45  m.  E.  Cumana. 

Vermand,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  6  m.  W.  St. 
Quentin. 

Vermanton,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Avalon,  12  S.  E.  Auxerre.     Pop.  2,316. 

Vermejo,  or  liio  Grand,  r.  Buenos  Ay  res,  which 
runs  into  the  Parama,  near  its  union  with  the 
Paraguay,  opposite  Corrientes. 

Vermillion,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows  into  the 
gulf  of  Mexico. 

Vermillion,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  lake  Erie, 
15  m.  E.  Sandusky  bay. 

Vermillion,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Vermillion,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Vermillion,  r.  Indiana,  which  flows  into  the 
Wabasli,  40  m.  below  Ouiaton. 

Vermillion,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Illi- 
nois from  the  S.  160  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Vermillion,  r.  N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  40  m.  above  Peckagama  falls. 

Vermillion,  r.  Arkansaw  Territory,  which  rnn« 
into  Arkansaw  river. 


V  E  R 


759 


Vermillion  bridge,  p-v.  Attakapas  parish,  Lou- 
isiana. 

Vermillion  point,  peninsula,  Michigan  Terri- 
tory, which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Green  bay. 

Vermillion  sea.     See  California. 

Vermont,  one  of  the  United  States,  bounded  N. 
by  Lower  Canada  ;  E.  by  New  Hampshire ;  S.  by 
Massachusetts ;  and  W.  by  New  York,  from  which 
it  is  separated  in  part  by  lake  Champlain.  It  lies 
between  42"  44'  and  45"  N.  lat.  and  between  71" 
38'  and  73"  26'  VV.  lon.  It  is  157  miles  long  from 
N.  to  S.  90  broad  on  the  northern  boundary,  40  on 
the  southern,  and  contains  10,212  square  miles.  It 
is  divided  into  13  counties,  and  347  towns.  Pop. 
in  1790,  85,689;  in  1800,  154,465;  in  1810, 
217,895 ;  and  m  1820,  235,579.  Militia  in  1821, 
20,871. 

The  Green  mountains,  from  which  the  State 
derives  its  name,  come  from  Massachusetts,  and 
run  along  the  E.  side  of  Bennington,  Rutland, 
and  Addison  counties.  In  Addison  county  they 
divide ;  the  western  arid  principal  chain  continu- 
ing a  northerly  course,  and  terminating  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State ;  while  the  height 
of  land,  as  it  is  called,  strikes  off  to  the  N.  E.  di- 
viding the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Connecti- 
cut from  those  which  iall  into  lake  Memphrema- 
gog  and  lake  Champlain.  The  western  range 
presents  much  the  loftiest  summits,  but  has  ine- 
qualities which  afford  a  passage  for  Onion  and  La- 
moil  rivers.  The  soil  is  for  the  most  part  fertile, 
being  generally  deep,  and  of  a  dark  color,  moist, 
loamy,  and  well  watered.  The  interval  lands  are 
esteemed  the  best ;  bordering  on  these  is  usually 
a  strip  1  or  2  miles  wide,  which  is  comparatively 
poor,  but  beyond  this  the  laud  recovers  a  fertility 
nearly  equal  to  that  on  the  rivers.  The  principad 
productions  are  wheat,  barley,  rye,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  &;c.  The  principal  exports  are  pot  and  pearl 
ashes,  beef,  pork,  butter,  cheese,  &c.  The  mar- 
ket for  the  northern  part  of  the  State  is  Montreal ; 
lor  the  eastern,  Hartford  and  Boston;  for  the 
western.  New  York. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  arc 
Coiigregationalists,  and  Baptists,  who  have 
each  more  than  100  congregations.  There  are 
two  colleges,  one  at  Burlington,  and  the  other  al 
Middlebury.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in 
a  house  of  representatives  chosen  annually,  on 
the  1st  Tuesday  in  September.  The  executive 
power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, and  12  counsellors,  chosen  at  the  same 
time. 

Vernal,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Mexico.     Lon.  95"  50'  W.  Lat.  1 6"  35'  N . 

Verneuil,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  18  m.  W,  Dreux, 
21  S.  Avreux.  Lon.  0"  1'  E.  Lat.  48"  43'  N.  Pop. 
5,280. 

Vernon,  t.  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Seine,  15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Evreux,  15  E.  S.  E.  Lou- 
viors.     Pop.  4,074. 

Vtrnmi,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
river,  49  m.  S.  Windsor.     Pop.  521. 

Vernon,  p-t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  12  m.  N.  E.  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  827. 

Vernon,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  W.  Utica. 
Pop.  1,519.  '  Here  is  a  glass  factory. 

Vernon,  p-t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  21  m.  N.  E.  New- 
ton.    Pop.  1,708. 

Vernon,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.  Geo. 

Vernon,  t.  and  cap.  Hickaman  co.  West  Ten- 


760 


V  E  R 


Vernon,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  20  m.  N.  E. 
Warren. 

Vernon,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  S.  W,  Wil- 
mington. 

Vernon,  t.  and  cap.  Jennings  co.  Indiana,  on 
White  river,  40  m.  N.  Charlestown,  46  S.  W. 
Brookville. 

Vernoux,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  14  m.  S.  Tour- 
non,  UN.  Privas.     Pop.  2,229. 

Veroli,  t.  Popedom,  in  Campagna  di  Roma,  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  44  m.  E.  Rome.  Lon.  13"  20'  E. 
Lat.  4r42'N. 

Verona,  city,  Italy,  the  see  of  a  bisliop,  on  the 
Adige,  fortified  in  the  ancient  mannei*,  and  defend- 
ed by  three  castles.  Most  of  the  streets  are  nar- 
row, crooked,  and  dirty,  and  Ihe  houses  but  mean. 
In  the  Palazzo  della  Regione,  or  the  Guildhall, 
are  the  statues  of  five  illustrious  natives  of  \^ero- 
na,  namely,  Catullus,  Marcus  ^milius,  Cornelius 
Nepos,  the  elder  Pliny,  and  Vitruvius ;  but  the 
most  valuable  piece  of  antiquity  here,  is  the  cele- 
brated Roman  amphitheatre,  which  far  exceeds 
all  others,  and  count  MafFei  computed  that  it  held 
22,184  spectators.  Pop.  55,887.  60  m.  W,  Ve- 
nice, 18  N.  N.  E.  Mantua.  Lon.  8"  9'  E.  Lat.  45° 
37' N. 

Verona,  province  or  delegation,  Austrian  Italy, 
in  the  government  of  Venice,  containing  1,330 
square  miles,  and  285,000  inhabitants.  Verona  is 
the  chief  town. 

Verona,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida  lake 
and  the  Erie  canal,  10  m.  VV.  Rome,  20  N.  W. 
Utica,     Pop.  1,014,  in  1820,  2,441. 

Verovitza,  t.  Sclavonia.  This  is  a  strong  town, 
situated  near  the  Drave,  36  m.  S.  S.  E.  Canischa. 
52  N.  W.  Eszek. 

Verrez,  t.  Sardinian  States,  with  a  fortress,  built 
on  a  sharp  rock.  15  m.  S.  S.  E.  Aosta,  35  N.  Tu- 
rin. 

Verrua,  t.  Sardinian  States,  on  a  high  hill,  near 
the  Po,  opposite  Crescentin  :  the  fortifications 
were  once  very  strong,  and  the  castle  was  called 
impregnable.  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Turin.  Lon.  8° 
E.  Lat.  45°  14'  N. 

Versailles,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Seine-and- 
Oise.  In  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  it  was 
a  small  village,  when  Louis  XIII.  built  here  a  hun- 
ting seat,  which  Louis  XIV.  enlarged  into  a  pal- 
ace, in  a  forest  30  miles  in  circumference,  which 
became  aplace  of  frequent  residence  of  the  royal 
family.  The  palace  is  magnificent,  with  beauti- 
ful gardens,  adorned  with  statues,  canals,  foun- 
tains, kc.  3  posts  S.  W.  Paris.  Lon.  2"  11'  E. 
Lat.  48°  39'  N.     Pop.  27,574. 

Versailles,  p-t.  and  cap.  Woodford  co.  Ken.  on 
a  creek  running  into  Kentucky  river,  13  m.  from 
Frankfort,  13  S.  W.  by  S.  Lexington.  It  contains 
about  100  houses,  mostly  large,  of  brick  and  stone, 
a  court-house  jail,  academy,  and  some  mills  and 
manufactories. 

Versitz,  or  Versecz,  t.  Hungary,  the  see  of  a 
Greek  bishop,  20  m.  N.  N.  W.  Vipalanka.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Veshire,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  35  m.  N.  Whidsor. 
Pop.  1,311. 

P'ersoix,  t.  Swisserland,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  6  m.  S. 
E.  Gex,  5  N.  Geneva. 

Verle  Bay,  or  Green  Bay,  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
between  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick.  Lon. 
63°  54'  W.  Lat.  46°  N. 

Verte  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Newfonnd- 
lana      Lon.  56°  W.  Lat,  50°  1(V  N 


U  G  I 

Verlon,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Loii-e,  4  m.  N.  E, 
Nantes.     Pop.  4,033. 

Vertus,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  15  m.  S.  W.  Cha- 
lons sur  Marne,  22  S.  Reims.     Pop.  2,600. 

Veruda,  small  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coast 
oflstria,  4  m.  S.  Pola. 

Verviers,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  on  the  Wezc- 
The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable  traflfic  in 
cloth.  17  m.  E.  S.  E.  Liege.  Lon.  5°  53'  E.  Lat. 
50°  36'  N.     Pop.  10,072. 

Verrins,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  4  posts  N.  N.  E. 
Laon,  20^  N.  Paris.  Lon.  ^^  58'  E.  Lat.  49°  50' 
N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Verzuolo,  i.  Piedmont,  with  a  castle,  2  m.  S.  Sa- 
luzzo.     Pop.  5,000. 

Vesoul,  city,  France,  and  cap.  of  Upper  Saone, 
on  a  mountain,  5^  posts  N.  Besancon,  43  S.  E.  Pa- 
ris.    Lon.  6°  14' E.  Lat.  47°  38' N.     Pop.  5,417, 

Vesper,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  36  miles 
in  circumference,  60  m.  W.  Pernicious  island. 

Vesprin,  t.  Hungary,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  32  m, 
S.  S.  E.  Raab.     Lon.  17°  49'  E.  Lat.  47°  4'  N. 

Vessel  bay,  bay  of  Lake  Champlain,  in  Char- 
lotte, Vt. 

Vesuvius,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Naples,  re- 
markable for  its  eruptions,  recorded  both  in  an- 
cient and  modern  history.  One  which  happened 
in  the  79thyear  of  the  Christian  sera,  overwhelm- 
ed the  cities  of  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii.  In 
1794,  the  lava  totally  destroyed  5,000  acres  of  rich 
vineyards  and  cultivated  land.   7  m.  N.  E.  Naples. 

Velluga,i.  Russia,  in  Kostrom,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  140  m.  E.  Kostrom.  Lon.  45°  44'  E. 
Lat.  58°  N. 

Vevay,  t.  Swisserland,  near  the  Lake  of  Gene- 
va, and  cap.  of  the  canton  of  Vaud,  10  m.  E.  Lau- 
sanne. Lon.  6"  48'  E.  Lat.  46°  30'  N.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Vevay,  p-t.  and  cap.  Switzerland  co.  Indiana,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  second  bank  of  Ohio 
river,  25  feet 'above  high  water  mark,  and  is  near- 
ly equidistant  from  Cincinnati,  Lexington,  and 
Louis,  45  miles  from  each.  The  inhabitants  are 
emigrants  from  the  Pays  de  Vaud,  in  Switzerland. 
In  1814,  the  site  of  the  town  was  a  forest,  but  io 
1817,  it  contained  84  dwelling  houses,  a  court- 
house, jail,  market-house,  church,  printing  office, 
a  library  of  300  volumes,  and  a  literary  society- 
The  country  in  the  rear  is  broken  and  fertile,  and 
half  a  mile  below  the  village  are  the  Swiss  vine- 
yards, where  the  culture  of  the  vine  has  been  suc- 
cessfully introduced. 

Vexin,  before  the  revolution,  a  country  of 
France,  situated  along  the  river  Epte,  now  inclu- 
ded in  the  departments  of  the  Oise  and  the  Eure. 

Vexoe,  small  isl.  Denmark,  near  the  N.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Laland.  Lon.  11"  41'  E.  Lat.  54' 
58'  N. 

Vezelay,  t.  France,  in  Yonne,  7  m.  W.  Avallon. 
9  E.  Clamecy. 

Vezelize,  t.  France,  in  Meurte,  12  m.  S.  Nancy. 
13  S.  E.  Toul ,     Lon.  6°  1 1'  E.  Lat.  48°  30'  N. 

Ujfenheim,  t  Bavaria,  18  m.  S.  S.  E.  Wurzburg, 
22  N.  N.  E.  Anspach.  Lon.  10°  19'  E.  Lat.  49°  37' 
N.     Pop.  1,708. 

Inverse,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  E.  of  Aland. 
Lon.  20°  20'  E.  Lat.  60°  7'  N. 

Ugento,  t.  Naples,  in  Otranto,  16  m.  S.  W.  O- 
tranto,  12  S.  E.  Gallipoli.  Lon.  77°  8'  E.  Lat.  40' 
12'  N. 

Ugie,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  German 
sea,  1  m,  N  Peterhead.     Lon.  1°  47'  W.  Lst.^ 
27'  N. 


L8t.J7^ 


V  I  c 


V  I  E 


761 


Uglwno,  small  rocky  isl.  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  3  m.  W.  Zara.  Lon.  15° 
16'  E.  Lat.  40°  18'  N. 

Uglich,  t.  Russia,  in  Jaroslavl,  on  the  Volga,  60 
m.  W.  Jaroslavl.  Lon.  38°  22'  E.  Lat.  57"  30'  N. 
Pop.  5,362. 

f^ia  Reggia,  s-p.  Lucca,  20  m.  W.  Lucca. 

Viadana,  t.  Italy,  on  the  Po,  23  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Mantua,  10  S.  W.  Guastalla. 

Viana,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the  Ebro,  16 
m.  S.  W.  Estella,  21  N.  W.  Calahorra.  Pop.  3,300j 

Viana  de  Foz  de  Lima,  s-p.  Portugal,  in  Entre 
Duero  e  Minho,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Lima,  near 
its  mouth.  9  m.  W.  S.  VV.  Ponte  de  Lima,  1 1  N. 
Oporto.  Lon.8°26'W.  Lat,41°4l'N.  Pop.  7,000. 

Vianden,  or  Wyanden^  t.  Netherlands,  in  Lux- 
emburg, on  the  river  Uren,  which  divides  it  into 
New  and  Old  Town.  In  the  Old  town  is  a  castle. 
The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  considerable  trade. 
18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Luxemburg,  16  N.  W.  Treves. 

Viant7i,  or  Vyanen,  t.  Holland,  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Leek,  7  m.  S.  Utrecht,  30  E.  N.  E.  llolter- 
dam. 

Viatka,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Kama,  40 
m.  E.  Kazan. 

Viatka,  t.  Russia,  and  capital  of  Viatskoe,  624 
m.  E.  Petersburg,  440  E.  N.  E.  Moscow.  Lon. 
50"  22'  E.  Lat.  58=  25'  N. 

Viatskoe,  government  of  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Vologda,  E.  by  Permskoe,  S.  by  Uphinskoe  and 
Kazanskoe,  and  W.  by  Kostromskoe.  Lon.  46°  to 
54'  E.  Lat.  55°  40'  to  60"  25'  N. 

Viazma,  t.  Russia,  in  Smolensk,  76  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Smolensk.     Lon.  24"  26'  E.  Lat.  55"  20'  N. 

Viazniki,  t.  Russia,  in  Vladimir,  on  the  Kliaz- 
ma,  52  m.  E.  Vladimir.  Lon.  41"  50'  E.  Lat.  56° 
10'  N. 

Viborr,,  or  Wiboj-g,  city,  Denmark,  cap.  of  a  di- 
ocese, and  all  North  Jutland,  near  the  centre  of 
the  province,  on  a  lake.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
186  m.  N.  Hamburg,  120  N.  Sleswick.  Lon.  9° 
18'  E.  Lat.  36°  32'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Viborg,  s-p.  Russia,  and  cap.  of  a  government, 
to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  gulf  of  Finland  ; 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  'I'he  fortifications  are  very 
strong.  The  principal  exports  are  planks,  tallow, 
pitch,  and  tar.  360  m.  S.  W.  Archangel,  68  N. 
N.  W.  Petersburg.  Lon.  28°  50'  E.  Lat.  60"  50' 
N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Viboskoi,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N.  and 
W.  by  Finland,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Finland,  and  the 
government  of  Petersburg,  and  E.  by  Lake  Lado- 
ga and  the  government  of  Olonetz. 

Vic,  t.  France,  in  Meurte,  15  m.  E.  Nancy,  12 
N.  Luneville.     Pop.  2,445. 

VicBigorre,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Pyrenees,  18 
m.  E.  Pau,  10  N.  Tarbe.  Lon.  0°  8' E.  Lat.  43" 
22' N.     Fop.  3,026. 

Vic  en  Carladez,  or  Vie  sur  la  Cere,  t.  France, 
m  Cantal,  21  m.  W.  S.  W.St.  Flour,  9  N.  E.  Au- 
rillac.     Pop.  2,050. 

Vic  Le  Comle,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  6  m. 
3.  W.  Billom,  10  S.  S.  E.  Clermont. 

Vie  Fezensac,  t.  France,  in  Gers,  12  m.  S.  Con- 
dom. 13  N.  W.  Auch. 

Vicarello,  t.  Popedom,  near  the  Lake  of  Brac- 
ciano,  celebrated  for  its  baths,  3  m.  N.  W.  Brac- 
oiano,  17  S.  Viterbo. 

Vicegrad,  or  Vissegrad,  t.  Hungary,  near  the 
Danube,  with  a  castle,  formerly  the  residence  of 
the  kings  of  Hungary,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Gran. 

Vicenza,  province  or  delegation,  Austrian  Italy, 
n  the  government  of  Venice,  containing  950  s  v 

96 


miles,  and  31 1,C00  inhabitants.  Vicenza  is  the 
chief  town. 

Vicenza,  city,  Italy,  at  the  union  of  two  smaU 
rivers,  in  a  plain,  between  two  hills.  Among  the 
buildings  are  seen  several  regular  stately  palaces, 
and  other  elegant  edifices,  and  57  churches.  35 
m.  W.  Venice,  40  N.  E.  Mgintua.  Lon.  11°  22'  E. 
Lat.  45°  31'  N.      Pop.  4,000. 

Vich,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oby,  in 
lon.  76°  14'E.  lat.  61°20'N. 

Vichy,  t.  France,  in  Allier,  on  the  AUier.  Near 
it  are  some  medicinal  springs.  3  m.  S.  VV.  Cusset. 

Viciola,  r.  Naples,  which  runs  into  the  Tronti- 
no,  at  Teramo. 

Viciosas,  small  islands  near  the  coast  of  Hondu- 
ras.    Lon.  83"  4'  W.  Lat.  15°  12'  N. 

Vico,  t.  Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  near  the  sea,  3  m.  E.  N.  E.  Sorento,  16 
"W.  Salerno. 

Vico,  v.  Dalmatia,  near  the  river  Norin,  in  a 
marshy  spot,  wliere  the  ancient  Narona  once 
stood.     5  m.  N.  W.  Citluc. 

Vico,  V.  Piedmont,  2  m.  S.  E.  Mondovi. 

Vicq.     See  Vic,  and  Viq. 

Victor,  p-t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

Victoire,  or  JVoody  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Chi- 
nese sea.     Lou.  106"  18'  E.  Lat.  1"  33'  N. 

Victoria,smM  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast 
of  Brasil.     Lat.  23"  40'  S. 

Victory,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  42m.N.E.Montpelier. 

Vid,  r.  Bulgaria,  which  runs  into  the  Danube, 
10  m.  W.  Nico}X)li. 

Viddin,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  the 
Danube,  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop,  356  m.  N. 
VV.  Constantinople,  104  E.  S.  E.  Belgrade.  Lon, 
22"  26'  E.  Lat.  44°  25'  N.    Pop.  20,000. 

Videpoche.     See  Carondolet. 

Vidigueira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  12  m.  N, 
E.  Beja,  21  S.  Evora.     Pop.  2,000. 

Vielde  poncher,  L  Missouri,  on  the  Mississippi, 
6  m.  below  St.  Louis. 

Vielleborough,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Vielsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Vologda,  on  the  Vaga,  156 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Vologda.  Lon.  41°  44'  E.  Lat.  61"  40'  N. 

Vienna,  city  and  capital  of  Austria,  the  see  of 
an  archbishop,  on  the  right  side  of  the  Danube, 
where  it  receives  a  small  river,  called  Vien,  which 
passes  through  the  city  and  suburbs,  near  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Vindebona.  The  situation  is  pleas- 
ant, for  to  the  east  and  north  the  country  around 
is  entirely  level,  but  to  the  west  and  south  are  seen 
a  range  of  mountains,  which  are  thick  planted  with 
trees  and  vines  ;  and  the  Danube,  which  is  here 
very  wide,  divides  itself  into  several  arms,  forming 
many  island.*,  which  are  stocked  with  wood.  The 
circumference  of  that  which  is  properly  the  forti- 
fied city  of  Vienna,  is  not  large,  but  the  suburbs 
are  extensive.  In  the  city  there  are  numerous 
and  beautiful  palaces  :  but  the  streets  are  narrow 
and  crooked.  Vienna  contains  50  churches  or 
chapels,  and  21  convents.  The  university  of  Vi- 
enna was  instituted  in  the  year  1365,  and  is  divi- 
ded into  four  faculties  and  4  nations,  Austrian, 
Saxon,  Hungarian,  and  Rhenish.  The  library 
contains  90,000  volumes.  The  imperial  library 
contains  at  least  300,000  volumes,  and  a  very  ex- 
tensive and  valuable  collection  of  prints,  and  is 
well  furnished  with  useful  modern  books.  It  is, 
open  three  or  four  hours  every  morning  to  the 
public.  The  imperial  cabinet  is  rich  in  medals^ 
and  still  more  so  in  natural  history.  There  are 
numerous  charitable  institutions,  and  in  one  of  the 
hospital.s  there  are  annually  received  16,000  p>- 


762 


V  I  G 


tients.  The  medical  academy  has  a  fine  appara- 
tus, and  is  a  celebrated  institution.  The  manu- 
factures of  Vienna  are  numerous,  and  the  trade 
extensive.  The  mortality  of  this  city  is  thought 
to  be  greater  than  that  of  any  other  place  in  Eu- 
rope ;  and  it  is  commonly  said  that  1  in  20  dies 
annually.  175  m.  S.  Prague.  Lon.  16^  23'  E. 
Lat.  48'  13'  N.    Pop.  240,000. 

Vienna,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  26  m.  N.W. 
Augusta.    Pop.  417. 

Vienna.,  p-t.  and  port  of  entrj',  Dorchester  co. 
Md.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nanticoke,  15  miles  from 
its  mouth.  It  contains  about  20  houses,  and  car- 
ries on  a  trade  in  lumber,  corn,  and  wheat. 
Amount  of  shipping  in  1816,  16,360  tons. 

Vienna,  formerly  Bengal,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Oneida  lake. 

Vienna,  v.  in  Phelps,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

Vienna,  p-v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

Vienna,  t.  Green  co.  Ken.  on  Green  river,  158 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Lexington. 

Vienna,^-i.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  E.  Warren. 

Vienne,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  on  the  left  side  of 
the  Rlwne,  10  posts  N.  Valence,  71  S.  S.  E.  Paris. 
Lon.  4"  58'  E.  Lat.  45°  32'  N.    Pop.  10,362. 

Vienne,  r.  France,  vi^hich  rises  about  3  miles  E. 
Tarnac,  on  the  borders  of  the  departments  of  Cor- 
reze  and  Creuse,  and  joins  the  Loire  in  Indre-and- 
Loire,  about  5  m.  above  Saumur. 

Vienne,  department,  France,  bounded  N.  and 
N.  E.  by  Indre-and-Loire,  E.  by  Indre,  S.  byCha- 
rente  and  Upper  Vienne,  and  W.  by  'Two  Sevres. 
Pop.  253,048.    Poitiers  is  the  capital. 

Vienne,  (Upper,)  department,  France,  bounded 
N.  by  Vienne  and  Indre,  E.  by  Creuse,  S.  W.  by 
Dordogne,  and  W.  by  Charente.  Pop.  243,195. 
Limoges  is  the  capital. 

Vieringen,  or  Wieringen,  island  in  the  Zuyder 
See,  6  miles  long.     6  m.  S.  E.  from  the  Texel. 

Vierraden,  i.  Prussian  States,  on  theWelse,  near 
its  union  with  the  Oder,  24  m.  S.  E.  Prenzlow,  30 
N.W.Custrin. 

Vierzon,  t.  France,  in  Cher,  near  the  conflux  of 
theEureand  Cher,  11  posts  S.  Orleans,  2.5  i  S. 
Paris.     Lon.  2°  9'  E.  Lat.  47"  13'  N.     Pop.  5,755. 

Viesti,  t.  Naples,  in  Capitanata,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Adriatic,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  29  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Manfredonia,  120  N.  E.  Naples.  Lon.  33"  52'  E. 
Lat.  41°  56' N.     Pop.  4,719. 

Vieux  MarchSf  t.  France,  in  North  Coast,  8  m. 
S.  Lannion,  12  W.  N.  W.  Guingamp.  Pop. 
3,515. 

Vif,  t.  France,  in  Is&re,  9  m.  S.  Grenoble.  Pop. 
2,260. 

Vig,  r.  Russia,  which  passes  through  Lake  Vig, 
and  runs  into  the  White  sea,  20  m.  S.  Kemi. 

Vigan,  (JLe,)  t.  France,  in  Gard,  36  m.  W,  N. 
W.  Nismes,  23  S.  W.  Alais.  Lon.  3°  40'  E.  Lat. 
43"  59'  N.     Pop.  3,848. 

Viger,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  on  the  coast  of  Nor- 
way, 10  miles  round.  Lon.  6°  30'  E.  Lat.  62" 
35'  N. 

Vigevano,  t.  Sardinian  States,  on  the  Tesin,  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  13  m.  S.  E.  Novara,  UN.  E. 
Lumello.  Lon.  8"  53'  E.  Lat.  45"  19'  N.  Pop. 
11,758. 

Vignot,  t.  France,  in  Meuse,  on  the  Meuse,  17 
m.  E.  Bar  le  Due,  24  S.  S.  E.  Verdun.  Lon.  5° 
41'  E.  Lat.  48"  46'  N. 

Vigo,  s-p.  Spain,  inGalicia,  on  a  bay  of  the  At- 
lantic, defended  by  a  fort.  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Tuy, 
38  W.  S.  W.  Orense.  Lon.  8"  43'  W.  Lat.  42"  14' 
N.     Pop.  5,000. 


V  I  L 

Vigo,  CO.  Indiana,  in  the  N.  W.  comer  of  Hie 
State,  on  both  sides  of  the  Wabash. 

Vigone,  t.  Sardinian  States,  14  m.  S.  S.  W.  Tu- 
rin, 6  W.  Carmagnola.     Pop.  5,300. 

Vigten,  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast  of 
Norway.     Lon.  1 1"  10'  E.  Lat.  64"  55'  N. 

Vihiers,  t.  France,  in  Mayne  and  Loire,  20  m. 
S.  Angers,  20  W.  Saumur.  Lon.  0"  27'  W.  Lat. 
47"  9'  N. 

Vilaine,  r.  France,  which  rises  near  Mayenne, 
and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  9  miles  below  Ber- 
nard. 

Vililla,  t.  Spain,  in  Arragon,  on  the  left  side  of 
the  Ebro,  27  m.  S.  E.  Saragossa. 

Villa,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast 
of  Brazil.     Lat.  20°  9' S. 

Villa  Boa,  t.  Brasil,  and  capital  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Goyas,  450  m.  N.  W.  Rio  Janeiro.  Lon. 
51"  24'  W.  Lat.  17"  S. 

Villa  do  Camo,  t.  Brasil,  in  Minas  Geraes,  20 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Villa  Rica.  Lon.  .44°  30'  W.  Lat.  20* 
20' S. 

Villa  de  Conde,  s-p.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Duero  e 
Minho,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Aue,  14  m.  N. 
Oporto.  Lon.  8°  21'  E.  Lat.  41"  23'  N.    Pop.  3,000. 

Villa  Franca,  t.  Italy,  13  m.  N.  Mantua,  9  S.  W. 
Verona. 

Pllla  Franca,  t.  Spain,  in  Cordova,  13  m.  N.  E. 
Cordova. 

Villa  Franca,s-'p.  and  capital  of  St.  Michael,  one 
of  the  Azores  Islands.  It  is  the  most  ancient  town 
in  the  whole  island  ;  and  so  called  from  its  being 
at  first  a  free  port.  Before  its  harbour  lies  au  isl- 
and, about  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  towards 
the  sea  the  town  is  defended  by  a  fort  and  some 
other  works.  It  consists  of  1,813  hearths,  has  two 
parish  churches  and  two  convents. 

Villa  Franca,  s-p.  town,  in  the  kingdom  of  Sar- 
dinia, and  county  of  Nice,  with  two  castles. 
The  harbour  is  sheltered  by  some  lofty  hills, 
founded  in  1295,  by  Charles  II.  king  of  Naples, 
who  was  earl  of  Provence :  the  citadel  was 
built  by  Duke  Emanuel  Philibert.  In  1691, 
it  was  taken  by  the  French,  who  kept  it  till  1696, 
when  it  was  restored  to  Savoy.  In  1705,  it  was 
again  taken  by  the  French,  and  the  garrison,  after 
a  brave  defence  and  honourable  capitulation, 
conducted  to  Saorgio.  In  1744,  the  king  of  Sar- 
dinia, who  was  strongly  entrenched  near  the  town, 
at  the  head  of  20,000  men,  was  attacked  by  the 
French  and  Spaniards,  and  compelled  to  embark 
on  board  the  English  fleet,  and  with  his  troops  re- 
tire to  Vado.  In  1747,  it  was  taken  by  the  Mare- 
schal  Belleisle.  In  the  year  1792,  it  was  again  ta- 
ken by  the  French.    3  m.  E.  Nice. 

Villa  Franca  de  Panades,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia. 
20  m.  S.  W.  Barcelona,  24  N.  E.  Tarragona.  Pop. 
4,800. 

Villa  Franca  de  Xira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Tagus,  15  m.  N.  E.  Lis- 
bon.    Pop.  2,902. 

Villa  Harta,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  on  the 
Guadiana,  36  m.  W.  Civdad  Real,  21  S.  S.  W. 
Toledo. 

Villa  Hertnosa,  or  Dilla  de  Mosa,  t.  Mexico,  iu 
the  province  of  'Tabasco,  on  a  river  navigable  by 
boats  to  Tabasco  ;  chiefly  inhabited  by  Indians. 
56  m.  S.  W.  Tabasco,  60  N.  E.  Chiapa.  Lon.  94' 
16'  W.  Lat.  17°  40'  N. 

Villa  de  Horta,  s-p.  Fayal,  one  of  the  Azores  Isl- 
ands,    Lon.  28"  36'  W.  Lat.  38"  32'  N. 

Villa  d^Iglesias,  or  Villa  di  Glesia,  t.  Sardinia, 


V  1  L 


V  I  L 


763 


aiid  see  of  a  bishop,  36  m.  S.  W.  Cagliari.  Lon. 
8°  42'  E.  Lat.  39°  28'  N. 

Villa  Joiosa,  or  Joysa,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  18  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ali- 
cant.     Pop.  4,800. 

Villa  Major,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Atlantic,  27  m.  S.  W.  St.  Jago. 

Villa  JVbta  dfAsti,  t.  in  the  kingdom  of  Sardi- 
nia, so  called,  because  it  was  built  by  the  in- 
habitants of  Asti,  from  the  ruins  of  some  neigh- 
bouring villages  ;  and  when  they  understood  the 
advantages  of  its  situation,  they  surrounded  it  with 
walls,  bastions,  ramparts,  deep  fosses  filled  with 
water,  half-moons,  and  other  works.  It  has  be- 
sides two  ancient  towers,  and  two  churches.  1 1 
m.  E.  Turin,  1 1  W.  Asti. 

Villa  JVova  da  Cetera^  t.  Portugal,  on  the  S.side 
jof  the  Minho,  near  its  mouth,  in  Entre  Duero  e 
Minho,  27  m.  N.  N.  W.  Braga,  45  N.  Oporto. 
Lon.  8"  2T  W.  Lat.  4r55' N. 

Villa  J^ova  de  Portimao,  s-p.  town,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve.  It  is  a  fortified 
town,  seated  on  a  river,  which  forms  a  spacious 
and  secure  harbour,  about  half  a  mile  in  breadth, 
and  three  fathoms  deep.  It  is  defended  by  the 
forts  of  Santa  Catharina  and  St.  Joao ;  the  sand- 
banks in  it  render  the  entrance  very  dangerous 
without  the  assistance  of  a  pilot.  This  town  was 
built  in  the  year  1463,  and  contains  above  1,600 
inhabitants,  one  parish  church,  one  casa  da  mise- 
ricordia,  one  hospital,  and  one  convent,  besides  a 
college  in  one  of  the  suburbs.  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  La- 
gos, 42  VV.  Tavira.  Lon.  8°  28'  W.  Lat.  37"  5'  N. 
Pop.  3,463. 

Villa  J^oca  de  Porto,  t.  Portugal,  in  Entre  Du- 
ero e  Minho,  on  the  left  side  of  the  Duero,  oppo- 
site Oporto.     Pop.  2,899. 

Villa  J^uera,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  coast 
of  the  Mediterranean,  24m.W.  Barcelona. 

Villa  Real,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tra  los  Montes,  9  m. 
N.  Lamego,  21  S.  W.  Mirandela.     Pop.  6,000. 

Villa  Real,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  20  m.  E.  Se- 
gorbe.     Pop.  6,750. 

Villa  del  Rey,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  12  m. 
N.  Badajos. 

Villa  Rica,or  Mariana,  t.  Brasil,  and  cap.  of  the 
juirsdictionof  Minas  Geraes,  150  m.  N.  Rio  Jan- 
eiro. Lon.  44°  36'  W.  Lat.  20°  25'  S.  Pop. 
20,000. 

Villa  Vella  de  Rodao,  t.  Portugal,  in  Estrema- 
dua,  17  m.  S.  S.  W.  Castel  Branco. 

Villa  Vicosa,  or  Villa  Visoca,  or  Villa  Viciosa, 
t.  Portugal,  in  Aleutejo,  97  m.  N.  E.  Evora,  27  W. 
Badajos,  in  Spain.  Lon.  T  12*  W.  Lat.  38°  39'  N. 
Pop.  3,732. 

Villa  Viciosa,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Asturias,  at  the 
bottom  of  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  30  m.  N.  E.  Ovie- 
do,  60  W.  Santillana. 

Villacarillo,  t.  Spain,  in  Jaen.     Pop.  6,400. 

Villach,  t.  Austrian  States,  and  cap.  of  a  circle 
in  the  new  kingdom  of  lUyria,  on  the  right  side  of 
the  Drave,  18  m.  W.  Clagenfurt,  26  S.  S.  W. 
Muehrau.  Lon.  13"  39'  E.  Lat.  46°  43'  N.  Pop. 
3,200. 

Village  Bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
14°  25'  S. 

Village  Hill,  p-v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

Villaine,  t.  France,  in  Mayenne,  12  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Maycnne.  Lon.  0"  11'  W.    Lat.  48°  21'  N. 

Villalar,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Ri- 
dseco. 

Villfindrauf,  or  fCillandradef^  t.  Ilmce,^  in  Gi- 


ronde,  8  m.  W.  N.  W.  Bazas,  12  S.  Cadillac.  Pop. 
2,177. 

Villarino,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Duero,  38  m.  W.  Salamanca. 

Villaseca,  t  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Mediterranean,  6  m.  W.  Tarragona. 

Villefort,  t.  France,  in  Lozere,  20  m.  E.  Mende, 
20  N.  Alais.  Lon.  3°  59'  E.  Lat.  44"  27'  N. 

Ville  Fraruhe,  t.  France,  in  Aveiron,  24  m.  W. 
Rhodez,  26  N.  Alby.  Lon.  2°  7'  E.  Lat.  44° 
21'  N.    Pop.  10,000, 

Villefranche,  t,  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  on 
the  Garonne,  18  m.  S.  E.  Toulouse,  30  N.  W. 
Carcassonne.  Lon.  1°  49'  E.  Lat.  43"  24'  N.  Pop. 
2,032. 

Villefranche,  t.  France,  in  Rhone  and  Loire,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone,  3^  posts  N.  Lyons,  58 
S.  S.  E,  Paris.  Lon.  4°  48'  E.  Lat.  46°  7'  N. 

Villefranche  de  Conjians,  t.  France,  iu  Eastern 
Pyrenees,  27  m.  W.  S.  W.  Perpignan. 

Villefranche  de  Perigord,  t.  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  36  m.  S.  S.  E.  Perigueux,  18  S.  Sarlat. 

Villemur,  t.  France,  in  Upper  Garonne,  17  m. 
N.  Toulouse. 

Villena,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia,  41  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Murcia,  56  S.  S.  W.  Valencia.  Lon.  1°  2'  W.  Lat. 
38°  35'  N. 

Villeneuve,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  at  the  E.  extrem,- 
ity  of  the  lake  of  Geneva,  15  m,  E.  S.  E.  Lau- 
sanne, 38  S.  S.  W.  Berne.  Lon.  6°  46'  E.  Lat.  46° 
25'  N. 

Villeneuve,  t.  France,  in  Aveiron,  6  m.  N.  Vil- 
lefranche, 9  S.  Figeac.     Pop.  3,104. 

Villeneuve  d'Agen,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Ga- 
ronne, 12  m.  N.  Agen,  23  E.  Marmande.  Lon.  0° 
48'  E.  Lat.  44°  24'  N.     Pop.  5, 1 1 8. 

Villeneuve  lez  Avignon,  t.  France,  in  Gard,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Rhone,  opposite  Avignon,  21 
m.  N.  E.  Nismes.     Pop.  3,300. 

Villeneuve  de  Berg,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  12 
m.  S.  Privas,  10  VV.  Montelimart.  Lon.  4°  35'  E. 
Lat.  44°  32' N.     Pop.  2,1.16. 

Villeneuve  le  Roy,  or  Villeneuve  sur  Yonne,  t. 
France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Yonno,  2  posts  N.  VV. 
Joigny,  15  S.  Paris.     Pop.  4,605. 

Villenouretle,  t.  France,  in  Herault,  on  the  Orb, 
3  m.  N.  VV.  Beziers. 

Villereal,  t.  France,  in  Lot  and  Garonne,  7  m. 
N.  Monflanquin.     Pop.  2,577. 

Villers  Caitchies,  or  Villersen  CoucM,  v.  France, 
in  North,  5  m.  N.  E.  Cambray. 

Villers  Colterets,  t.  France,  in  Aisne,  12  m.  S. 
W.  Soissons,  15  N.  W.  Chateau  Thierry.  Pop. 
2,400. 

Villette  d'' Anton,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  on  the 
Rhone,  12  m.  E.  Lyons. 

Villimpenla,  t.  Austrian  Italy,  10  m.  E.  Man- 
tua. 

Villingen,  t.  Baden,  well  defended  by  nature 
and  art.  52  m.  S.  S.  W.  Stuttgart,  22  S.  Freu- 
denstatt.  Lon.  8°  26'  E.  Lat.  48°  4'  N.  Pop. 
3,316. 

Vilmanstrand,  or  Wibnansirand,  t.  Russia,  in 
Viborg,  40  m.  N.  N.  W.  Viborg,  100  N.  N.  W. 
Petersburg.  Lon.  27°  26'  E.  Lat.  61°  20'  N. 

Vils,  r.  Bavaria,  wliich  runs  into  the  Nab,  at 
Kalmunz. 

Vils  Biburg,  t.  Bavaria,  8  m.  S.  E.  Landshut, 
36  N.  E.  Munich. 

Vilshofen,  t.  Bavaria,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Vils 
with  the  Danube,  11m.  W.  Passau,  72  E.  N.  E. 
Munich.  Lon.  13°  W  E.  Lat.  48°  29'  N.  Pop. 
1,592. 


'''Iilr 


V  I  o 


Viluiskoi,  (Ust,)  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  at  Uie 
conflux  of  the  Vilui  and  Lena.  128  m.  N.  W. 
Yakutsk.  Lon.  126"  14'  E.  Lat.  63"  50'  N. 

Filvorde,  or  Filkforte,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the 
Senne,   6  m.  S.   Malines,   6  N.  Brussels,     Pop. 


Vim,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Vitchegda, 
near  Lialskoi,  in  Ustiug. 

Vimioso,,  t.  Portugal,  in  Tras  los  Monies,  15  m. 
W.  N.  W.  Miranda  de  Duero,  16  S.  E.  Braganca. 
Lon.  6°  14' E.  Lat.  41°  29' N. 

FimouHer,  t.  France,  in  Orne,  on  the  Vie,  15 
m.  N.  E.  Argcntan,  15  E,  Falaise.     Pop,  3,093. 

Vinalkaven^  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  ou  the  Fox 
islands  in  Penobscot  bay,  13  m.  S.  Castine.  Pop. 
1,052. 

Vinaros,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Mediterranean,  5  m.  N.  Peniscola.  Pop. 
9,000. 

Vinay,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  4  m.  S.  St.  Marcelin, 
12  W.  Grenoble.     Pop.  2,407. 

Fincelot,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  35  m.  E.  Que- 
bec. 

Vincennes,  't.  France,  1  post  E.  Paris. 

Vincenmsy  seigniory,  Hertford  co.  Lower  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  m.  E. 
Quebec. 

Vincennesy  p-t.  and  cap.  Knox  co.  Indiana,  and 
the  largest  town  in  the  State,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Wabash,  100  miles  from  its  junction  with  the 
Ohio  in  a  direct  line,  but  nearly  2C)0  by  the  course 
of  the  river,  120  W.  N.  W.  Louisville,  150  N.  E. 
Kaskaskia,  140  E.  St.  Louis.  Vincennes  was  set- 
tled about  a  century  ago  by  the  French  from 
Lower  Canada,  many  of  whom  intermarried  with 
the  Indians,  and  gradually  approximated  to  the 
;?avage  state.  Within  a  few  years  American  em- 
igrants have  flocked  hither  in  great  numbers,  and 
the  society  is  rapidly  improving.  In  1810  the 
population  was  883,  and  in  1818  the  town  con- 
tained 250  dwelling-houses  and  stores,  a  hand- 
some brick  court-house,  a  land  oilice,  a  bank  with 
a  capital  of  1 1,500,000,  a  library  of  700  volumes, 
a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  2  market  houses,  2 
printing  offices,  and  a  college.  The  college  is  not 
yet  in  operation,  but  it  has  been  endowed  by  Con- 
gress with  a  township  of  land,  containing  23,040 
acres,  said  to  be  worth,  on  an  average,  10  dollars 
an  acre  ;  and  a  large  brick  building  has  been  al- 
ready erected. 

Vincent,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill. 
Pop.  1,630, 

Vincent  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  at 
the  entrance  into  Portlock's  harbour.  Lon.  136° 
30' W.  Lat.  57°  48' N. 

Vineyard,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  isle  Motte, 
in  Lake  Champlain,  28  m,  N,  Burlington.  Pop. 
338. 

Vineyard,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

Vingorla,  t.  Hind,  in  Concan,  22  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Goa.  Lon.  73°  27' E.  Lat.  15°53'N. 

Uintnarsuck,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  East  Green- 
land. Lon.  45°  45'  W.  Lat.  60°  40'  N. 

Vintain,  or  Bintain,  t.  Africa,  and  cap,  of  the 
kingdom  of  Fonia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
which  runs  into  the  Gambia. 

Vintimiglia,  seaport,  Sardian  States,  defended 
by  a  castle.  It  is  tlie  see  of  a  bishop.  13  m.  N.  E. 
Nice,  18  S.  W.  Oneglia.  Lon.  7°  33'  E.  Lat.  43'' 
48' N. 

Viola,  r.  Spain,  in  Guipuscoa,  which  runs  into 
The  aea,  at  Cumaja.  :u*,.Wi>!.v 


V  I  K 

Violet,  t.  J'airfield  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W.  Lan- 
caster. 

Vipalanka,  or  Uj  Palanka,  fort,  Hungary,  50 
m.  S.  Temesvar,  36  E.  Belgrade.  Lon.  21°  E. 
Lat.  45°  N. 

Vique,  or  Vicq,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia ;  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  22  m.  W.  S.  W.  Gerona,  31  N.  Bar- 
celona. Lon.  2°  8'  E.  Lat.  41°  54'  N.     Pop.  8,400. 

Vire,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  English 
channel  between  the  departments  of  the  Channel 
and  the  Calvados. 

Vire,  t.  France,  in  Calvados,  27  m.  S.  W.  Caen, 
25  W.  Falaise.  Lon.  0° 48'  W.  Lat.  48°51'  N.  Pop. 
7,325. 

Vire,  or  Malraca,  cape,  Arabia,  on  the  coast  of 
the  Indian  sea,  16  m.  N.  N.  E.  Hassek. 

Virgil,  p-t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  Homer. 
155  W.  Albany.     Pop.  913. 

Virgin  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  W. 
Indies,  to  the  E.  of  Porto  Rico ;  they  are  upwards 
of  20  in  number,  but  for  the  most  part  desert  and 
barren,  and  extend  60  miles  in  length,  and  up- 
wards of  36  in  breadth.  They  are  dangerous  to 
navigators.  They  belong  principally  to  the  Eng- 
lish and  Danes,  but  the  Spaniards  claim  those 
near  Porto  Rico.  The  names  of  the  principal  isl- 
ands are  Virgin  Gorda,  Tortola,  St.  Thomas'  isl- 
and, St.  John,  and  Santa  island,  or  St.  Croix.  The 
three  last  belong  to  the  Danes.  The  Wesleyan 
Methodists  have  3  missionaries  in  these  islands. 

Virgin  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  Atlantic,  60  m.  S.  E. 
Cape  Race,  on  the  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lon. 
50°  W.    Lat.  46°  20' N. 

P  'irginia,  one  of  the  U.  States,  bounded  N.  by 
Pennsylvania  ;  N.  E.  by  Maryland  ;  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic; S.  by  North-Carolina  and  Tennessee;  W. 
by  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  It  lies  between  36°  30' 
and  40°  43'  N.  lat.  and  between  75°  25'  and  83° 
40'  W.  lon.  It  is  370  miles  long,  and  contains 
about  64,000  sq.  miles.  Pop.  in  1790,  747,610; 
in  1800,  886,149  ;  and  in  1810,  974,622,  of  whom 
551,534  were  whites,  392,518  slaves,  and  30,570 
free  blacks.     Militia  in  1821,  88,915. 

The  Alleghany  mountains  pass  through  the 
western  part  of  the  State  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E. 
The  Blue  Ridge  is  east  of  the  Alleghany  range, 
and  runs  parallel  with  it,  dividing  the  State  into 
two  parts  nearly  equal.  In  regard  to  soil,  Virgin- 
ia may  be  divided  into  four  zones,  essentially  dif- 
ferent from  each  other.  The  first,  extending 
frcm  the  sea-coast  to  the  termination  of  tide-water 
at  Fredericksburg,  Richmond,  &;c.  is  low  and  flat, 
sometimes  fenny,  sometimes  sandy,  and  on  the 
margins  of  the  rivers  composed  of  a  rich  loam, 
covered  with  a  luxuriant  and  even  rank  vegeta- 
tion. This  zone  has  been  formed  by  a  compara- 
tively recent  alluvion ;  marine  shells  and  bones 
are  every  where  found  near  the  surface  of  the 
earth.  'This  part  of  the  State  is  unhealthy  in  the 
months  of  August,  September  and  October. — The 
next  division  extends  from  the  head  of  tide- water 
to  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  near  tide-water 
is  level;  higher  up  the  rivers  it  becomes  swell- 
ing; and  near  the  mountains  often  abrupt  and 
broken.  The  soil  is  divided  into  sections  of  very 
unequal  quality,  parallel  to  each  other,  and  ex- 
tending across  the  State.  The  parallel  of  Ches- 
terfield, Henrico,  Hanover,  &c.  is  a  thin,  sandy, 
and,  except  on  the  rivers,  an  unproductive  soil. 
That  of  Goochland,  Cumberland,  Prince  Edward, 
Halifax,  &c.  is  generally  fertile.  Fluvanna,  Buck- 
ingham, Campbell,  and  Pittsylvania,  again,  are 


V  I  R 

poor  ;  and  Culpepper,  Orange,  Albemarle,  Bed- 
ford, &;c.  have  a  rich,  though  frequently  a  stony 
and  broken  soil,  on  a  substratum  of  tenacious,  red- 
colored  clay.  The  scenery  of  the  upper  part  of 
this  section  is  highly  picturesque  and  romantic. 
The  third  region  is  the  valley  between  the  Blue 
Ridge  and  North  and  Alleghany  mountains;  a 
valley,  which  extends  with  little  interruption, 
from  the  Potomac,  across  the  State,  to  North- 
Carolina  and  Tennessee,  narrower,  but  of  great- 
er length  than  either  of  the  preceding  zones. 
The  soil  is  a  mould,  formed  on  a  bed  of  limestone, 
which  often  appears  above  the  surface,  in  veins 
parallel  to  the  mountains,  and  making  every  pos- 
sible angle  with  the  horizon.  The  surface  of  this 
valley  is  sometimes  broken  by  sharp  and  solitary 
mountains,  detached  from  the  general  chain,  the 
sides  of  which,  nearly  bare,  or  but  thinly  covered 
with  blasted  pines,  form  disagreeable  objects  in 
the  landscape.  The  bed  of  the  valley  is  fertile, 
producing  good  crops  of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye, 
oats,  buckwheat,  hemp,  flax,  Sic.  The  fourth  and 
last  division  extends  from  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains to  the  Ohio  river,  a  country  wild  and  broken, 
in  some  places  fertile,  but  generally  barren.  Here 
are  mines  of  lead,  iron,  coal  and  salt. 

A  Literary  fund  has  recently  been  created  by 
the  State,  consisting  of  monies  received  from  the 
U.  States  for  military  services  during  the  late 
war,  which  amounted  in  December  1818,  to 
$1,114,159,  to  which  is  to  be  added  a  balance  still 
due  from  the  U.  States.  The  interest  of  this  sum, 
with  the  addition  of  the  revenue  arising  from 
fines,  Ibrfeitures,  and  escheats,  which  has  also 
been  appropriated  to  this  object,  will,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  Directors,  yield  an  annual  income  little 
short  of  $90,000.  Of  this  sum  $45,000  have  been 
appropriated  by  the  legislature  to  the  support  of 
primary  schools,  and  $15,000  to  a  University. 
The  :University  is  located  at  Charlottesville  in 
Albemarle  co.  The  plan  contemplates  10  profes- 
sors. The  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  institution  are  to  be  finished  in  1821.  They 
consist  of  ten  paviilions  for  the  professors,  5  hotels 
for  dieting  the  students,  and  a  sixth  for  the  use  of 
the  proctor,  with  104  dormitories,  sufficient  for 
lodging  208  students.  According  to  the  report  of 
i:he  Rector  in  1820,  the  sums  expended  upon  the 
buildings  will  consume  all  the  income  of  the  Uni- 
yersity  for  seven  years  to  come,  so  that  the  institu- 
don  cannot  commence  its  operations  till  1828,  un- 
less further  grants  are  made  by  the  legislature. 
The  other  colleges  in  Virginia  are  William  and 
Mary  college  at  Williamsburg,  Washington  col- 
Jiege  at  Lexington,  and  Hampden  Sidney  college 
;n  Prince  Edward  county.  Besides  the  literary 
fund,  there  is  a  fund  for  internal  improvement, 

inderthe  direction  of  a  Board  of  Public  Works, 
which  amounted  in  Nov.  1818,  to  $1,537,561, 
and  which  has  already  promoted  the  construction 
<)f  various  canals.  The  Board  have  recently  re- 
jDorted  in  favor  of  the  practicability  of  a  canal  con- 
necting James  river  with  the  Ohio. 

In  respect  to  charactei",  the  Blue  Ridge  divides 

he  Virginians  into  two  classes.  Those  east  of  the 
ridge,  embracing  about  three-fourths  of  the  whole 
jX)pulation,  are  chiefly  of  English  descent ;  those 
•west  of  the  Ridge  are  descendants  of  the  Scotch  - 
Jriih,  that  is,  of  emigrants  Irom  the  north  of  Ire- 
land. The  former  were  originally  Episcopalians, 
the  latter,  Presbyterians.  Among  the  former, 
slaves  are  as  numerous  as  whites  ;  among  the  lat- 
•  er,  there  are  «even  whites  to  ©na  slave.    In  1817, 


V  I  T 


765 


the  Baptists  had  314  congregations  in  the  State  ; 
the  Presbyterians  41  ordained  ministers  ;  and  the 
Episcopalians  34  ministers.  There  were  besides 
many  Methodists  and  Friends,  and  some  Luthe- 
rans and  Roman  Catholics.— The  legislature  is 
composed  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives. The  senate  consists  of  24  members,  who 
are  chosen  for  4  years,  one-fourth  being  chosen 
yearly.  The  representatives  are  chosen  annual- 
ly two  irom  each  county,  and  one  from  several  cit- 
ies and  boroughs.  The  governor  is  chosen  annu- 
ally by  joint  ballot  of  both  houses,  and  can  hold 
the  office  but  3  years  in  7. 

The  staple  productions  of  Virginia  are  tobacco 
and  wheat.  The  value  of  the  exports  for  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30th,  1820,  was  $4,557,957,  of  which 
all  except  $8,829  was  domestic  produce.  The 
value  of  the  manufactures  in  1810  was  estimated 
at  $15,263,473.  The  amount  of  shipping  in  1816, 
was  70,361  tons. 

Firieu,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  6  m.  S.  S.  E.  ia 
Tour  du  Pin,  11  N.  Meirans,     Pop.  4,069. 

Firiville,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  St 
Marcellin,  18  S.  E.  Vienne. 

Firnenburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  20  m.  W.  Cob- 
lentz.   Lon.  6"  58'  E.  Lat.  50°  27'  N. 

Firtz,  lake,  Russia,  40  miles  in  circumference, 
96  m.  N.  N.  E.  Riga. 

Fisagapatam,  t.  Hind,  in  the  circar  of  Cicacole, 
on  the  coast.  Near  the  town  is  a  pagoda  dedica- 
ted to  monkies,  which  abound  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. The  London  Society  have  3  missionaries 
here.  50  m.  S.  W.  Cicacole,  100  N.  E.  Raja- 
mundry.  Lon.  83°  30'  E.  Lat.  17°  40'  N. 

Fiscardo,  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cephalon- 
ia,  opposite  the  island  of  Teaki. 

Fischer'' s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Morty.  Lon.  128°  39'  E.  Lat. 
2°21'N. 

Fischma,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  268  m.  S.  W. 
Tobolsk.  Lon.  60°  14'  E.  Lat.  62°  36'  N. 

Fischneivologok,  t.  Russia,  in  Tver,  60  m.  N. 
W.  Tver.  Lon.  34°  54'  E.  Lat.  57°  8'  N. 

Fiset,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Liege,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Mouse,  6  m,  S.  Maestricht,  8  N.  Liege. 

Fiseu,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
27  m.  S.  Lamego,  14  N.  E.  Coimbra.  Lon.  7°  46' 
W.  Lat.  40"  45'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Fisiapour,  city.  Hind,  and  capital  of  a  country, 
to  which  it  gives  name.  306  m.  N.  Seringapa- 
tam,  384  N.  W.  Madras.  Lon.  75°  27'  E.  Lat.  17" 
28'  N. 

Fisokich,  t  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena,  8 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Orlenga. 

Uist,  J\''orth,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scot- 
land, about  20  miles  from  E.  to  W.  and  8  to  16 
from  N.  to  S. ;  13  m.  W.  from  the  island  of  Skye. 
Lon.  7°  W.  Lat.  52°  42'  N.     Pop.  3,773. 

Uisi,  South,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scot- 
land, about  20  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  6  to  8 
wide;  about  20  m.  W.  from  the  island  of  Skye, 
Lon.  7°  20'  W.  Lat.  57°  12'  N.     Pop.  4,825. 

Fistritza,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the 
Vistriza,  16  m.  E.  S.  E.  Edessa,  in  Macedonia. 

Fistrisa,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  which 
runs  into  the  Varder,  25  m.  N.  W.  Saloniki. 

Fistula,  r.  which  rises  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  Sile- 
sia, passes  by  Cracow,  Sandomirz,  Warsaw,  Wla- 
dislaw.  Thorn,  Culm,  &c.  and  runs  into  the  Bal* 
tic,  at  Dantzic. 

Fitegra,  t.  Russia,  in  Olonetz,  88  m.  E.  Olonetz^ 
Lon.  35°  44'  E.  Lat.  60"  55'  N. 

Fitepsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Polotsk,  on  the  Duna,  56 


t^ 


U  L  E 


U  M  B 


m.  E.  S.  E.  Polotsk.  Lon.  30°  50'  E.  Lat.  55° 
15' N. 

Fiterbo,  t.  Popedom,  and  cap.  of  the  Patrimonio, 
the  see  of  a  bishop.  34  m.  N.  N.  W.  Rome,  18  S. 
Orvieto.  Lon.  12°  6'  E.  Lat.  42"  25'  N.  Pop. 
15,000. 

Fitimskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena. 
Lon.  112°  34'  E.  Lat.  59°  5'N. 

Vitre,  t.  France,  in  lUe  and  Vilaine,  on  the 
Vilaine,  19  m.  E.  Rennes,  18  W.  Laval.  Lon.  1° 
9'  W.  Lat.  48°  8'  N.     Pop.  8,809. 

Vitry  le  Brule,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  3  m.  N.  E. 
Vitry  le  Francois. 

Vitry^  le  Francois,  t.  France,  in  Marne,  on  the 
Marne,  16  m.  S.  E.  Chalons  sur  Marne,  15  W.  N. 
W.  St.  Dizier.  Lon.  4°  38' E.  Lat.  48°  43'  N.  Pop. 
6,925. 

Vitteaux,  t.  France,  in  Coted'Or,  9  m.  S.  E.  Se- 
mur  en  Auxois,  21  VV.  Dijon.     Pop.  2,019. 

Vittoria,  t.  Spain,  in  Alava.  It  has  considera- 
ble trade  in  wine  and  wool,  and  manufactures  of 
sword-blades.  42  m.  S.  S.  W.  St.  Sebastian,  40 
W.Pamplona.  Lon.2°41' W.  Lat.42°47'N.  Pop. 
6,500. 

ViUoria,  La,  t  Sicily,  20  m.  N.  W.  Modica, 
35  W.  Syracuse.     Lon.  14°  38'  E.    Lat.  36°  55'  N. 

Vittoriosa,  or  Citta  Vittoriosa,  or  II  Borgo,  for- 
tified t.  MsJta,  on  a  narrow  neck  of  land,  to  the 
leftofValetta.     Pop.  3,000. 

Fiu,  t.  Sardinian  States,  on  the  Stura,  14  m.  N. 
W.  Turin.     Pop.  3,000. 

Vivero,  t.  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  river  Vivc- 
ro  or  Landrovo,  which  runs  into  the  sea. 

Vivien,  t.  France,  in  Ardeche,  on  the  right 
bankoftlie  Rhone.  Before  the  revolution,  cap- 
ital of  a  province,  called  Vivarais,  16  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Privas,  15  S.  E.  Aubenas.  Lon.  4°  46'  E.  Lat.  44" 
29'  N.     Pop.  1,892. 

Fivonne,  t.  France,  in  Vicnue,  6  m.  E.  Lusig- 
nan,  9  S.  Poitiers.     Pop.  2,059. 

Fix,  t.  France,  in  Vendee,  6  m.  S.  Fontcnay  le 
Comtc,  14  E.  S.  E.  Lucon.     Pop.  2,034. 

Fisagapatam.     See  Fisagajiatam. 

Fizianagram,  t.  Hind,  in  Cicacole,  108  m.  N. 
E.  Rajamundry.   Lon.  83°  36'  E.   Lat.  18°  5'  N. 

Fisini,  t.  Sicily,  20  m.  N.  W.  Syracuse.  Lon. 
14°  53'  E.  Lat.  37°  2'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ukenskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  at  the  conflux 
ofthelrtisch  and  the  Oby,  196  m.  N.  Tobolsk. 
Lon.  69°  14'  E.  Lat.  61°  10'  N. 

UkiJiskoi,  cape,  Russia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Kamt- 
chatka.  60  m.  N.  E.  Udinskoi.  Lon.  162°  E.  Lat. 
58°  36'  N. 

Ukipen,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  Lon.  21 1° 
E.  Lat.  64°  22' N. 

Ukraine,  a  name  given  to  a  very  fertile  coun- 
try, on  both  sides  of  the  river  Dnieper,  now  a  part 
of  the  Russian  government  of  Ekaterinoslav. 

Fladimir,  t.  Russia,  and  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment at  the  conflux  of  the  Kliazma  and  the  Nerl, 
100  m.  E.  Moskow,  408  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon. 
40"  22'  E.  Lat.  55°  50'  N. 

Fladimirskoe,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N. 
by  Jaroslavl  and  Kostrom,  E.  by  Nizegorod,  S.  by 
Tambov  and  Riazan,  W.  by  Moskovskaia  and 
Tverskoe.  Lon.  38°  to  43°  E.  Lat.  55"  20' to  57° 
10' N.     Pop.  1,066,100. 

Ulai,  in  Sac.  Geog.  r.  Persia,  near  Susa. 

Flardingen,  or  Flaerdingen,  t.  Holland,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Meuse,  2  m.  W.  Schiedam.  Pop. 
5,625. 

Vlea,  or  Ulaborg,  seaport,  Russia,  on  a  penin- 
sula, at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name, 


which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  It  has  a 
commodious  harbour,  and  a  fine  salmon  fishery. 
320  m.  N.  Abo.  Lon.  25"  23'  E.  Lat.  65°  40'  N. 
Pop.  3,222. 

Ulea,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  in  lon.  25°  22'  E.  lat.  65°  2'  N. 

Ulfen,  seaport,  Sweden,  in  Angermanland,  on 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  25  m.  N.  N.  E.  Hernosand. 

U/fon,  Js'orth  and  South,  2  small  islands  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  18°  27'  E. 
Lat.  63°  2'  N. 

Flieland,  or  Flielant,  isl.  in  the  German  sea,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Zuyder  See,  8  miles  long,  5 
m.  N.  from  the  Texel.  Lon.  4°  25'  E.  Lat.  53° 
24'  N. 

Ulielea,  one  of  the  Society  islands,  in  the  South 
Pacific  ocean.  The  productions  and  manners  of 
the  inhabitants  are  similar  to  those  of  Otaheile. 
The  S.  extremity  of  the  island  lies  in  lon.  181°  20' 
W.  lat.  16°  65' S. 

Ullapool,  seaport,  Scotland,  in  Ross-shire,  at 
the  moutli  of  a  river  which  runs  into  Loch  Broom. 
Lon.  5"  1'  W.  Lat.  57°  52'  N. 

Ullo,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the  coast 
of  Lapland.    Lat.  69°  32' N. 

Ulm,  city,  Germany,  in  the  kingdom  of  Wur- 
temberg,  situated  on  the  Danube.  This  city  is 
well  fortified  ;  the  magistracy  and  principal  part 
of  the  inhabitants  are  Lutherans.  The  cathedral 
is  one  of  the  largect,  and  its  Gotliic  tower  is  es- 
teemed one  of  the  loftiest  in  Germany.  45  m.  S. 
E.  Stuttgard,  60  N  Munich.  Lon.  9°  59'  E,  Lat. 
48°24'N.     Pop.  12,400. 

Ulotho,  or  Ulolhow,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  West- 
phalia, 6  m.  S.  Mjnden,  14  E.  N.  E.  Hertford.  Lon. 
8°  45'  E.  Lat.  52°  6'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Ulrichen,  v.  Germany,  8  m.  N.  E.  Munster. 

Ulricshamn,  or  Ulricahamn,  t.  Sweden,  47  m.  E. 
Gothenburg,  24  W.  Jonkiopmg.  Lon.  13°  19'  E. 
Lat.  57°  48'  i\. 

Ulster,  province,  Ireland,  containing  the  coun- 
ties of  Donegal,  Londonderry,  Antrim,  Tyrone, 
Fermanagh,  Monaghan,  Armagh,  Down,  and  Ca* 
van. 

Ulster,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Greene  co.  E. 
by  the  Hudson,  S.  by  Orange  co.  and  W.  by  Del- 
aware co.     Pop.  26;576.     Chief  town,  Kingston. 

Ulster,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  627. 

Ultzen,  or  Ueltzen,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principal- 
ity of  Luneburg,  on  the  Ilmenau,  20  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Lunebur«-,  32  N.  E.  Zell.  Lon,  8°  22' E.  Lat.  52° 
58'  N.     Pop.  2,400. 

Ulva,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scotland,  7 
miles  in  circumference,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Mull. 
Lon.  6°  13' W.    Lat.  56°  28' N. 

Uherston,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  near  the 
mouthof  the  Dudden,  and  approachable  by  ves- 
sel? of  150  tons,  at  high  water.  16  m.  S.  W.  Ken- 
dal, 267  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  W.  Lat.  54° 
8'  N.     Pop.  3,378. 

Ulysses,  p-t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga 
lake,  14  m.  S.  E.  Ovid,  180  W.  Albany.  Pop. 
3,250.  In  this  town  is  Ithaca,  the  capital  of  the 
county. 

Umago,  seaport,  Istria,  16  m.  E.  Venice,  18  S. 
S.  W.  Trieste.    Lon.  13°  43'  E.  Lat.  45°  35'  N. 

Umbagog,  Lake,  partly  in  Maine  and  partly  in 
New  Hampshire.  It  is  20  miles  long,  10  broad  in 
the  widest  part,  and  discharges  its  waters  into 
Margallaway  river. 

Umbriatico,  t.  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  57  m.  E.  Cosenza,  101  N.  N.  E.  Reg- 
gio.    Lon.  17°  6' E.    Lat.  39°  27' N. 


U  N  I 


U  N  I 


767 


Umea,  seaport,  Sweden,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  20" 
4'  E.     Lat.  63°  52'  N. 

Ummants,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Rugen.  Lon.  13°  14' E.  Lat. 
54"  30'  N. 

Umstadt,  t.  Hesse  Darmstadt,  10  m.  E.  Darm- 
stadt, 30  N.  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2,250. 

Uiiadilla,  r.  N.  Y.  which  separates  the  counties 
of  Chenango  and  Otsego,  and  runs  into  the  Sua- 
quehaunah. 

Unadilla,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  34  m.  S.  W.  Cooperstown,  100  W.  Alba- 
ny.    Pop.  1,426. 

Unaka,  mountains  of  the  U.  States,  between 
Tennessee  and  N.  Carolina. 

Unalashka.     See  Oonalashka. 

Unckel,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Lower  Rhine,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  2  m.  N.  Lintz,  24  S. 
E.Cologne.     Pop.  1,500. 

Undtrhill,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  15  m.  N.  E. 
Burlington.     Pop.  490. 

Underwalden,  or  Utilerwalden,  canton,  Switz. 
bounded  N.  by  Lucern  and  Waldstatter  lake,  E. 
by  mountains  which  separate  it  from  Uri,  S.  by 
Bern,  and  W.  by  Lucern.  U  measures  about  24 
miles  each  way.  Pop.  21,200.  The  inhabitants 
are  universally  Roman  Catholics. 

Ungha,  t.  on  the  E.  coast  of  Tunis,  76  m.  S.  Ca- 
iroan. 

UngvaTy  t.  and  fort,  Hungary,  on  the  Ung,  22 
m.  N.  Munckacz,  46  E.  Caschau. 

Union,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  29  m.  N.  E.  Wis- 
casset,  190  from  Boston. 

Union,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  33  m.  N.  E.  Hartford. 
Pop.  752. 

Union,  p-t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehan- 
nah,  6  m.  W.  Chenango  point,  140  W.  Catskill. 
Pop.  987. 

Union,  p-v.  in  Greenwich,  Washington  co.  N. 
Y.  on  the  Battenkill,  34  m.  iN.  Albany.  Pop.  500. 
It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  exten- 
sive cotton  and  other  manufactories. 

Union,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,428. 

Union,  co.  Pa.  lormed  from  part  of  Northumber- 
land CO. 

Union,  p-t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  Redstone  creek. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail.  Pop.  2,066. 
14  m.  S.  by  E.  Brownville,  58  S.  Pittsburg. 

Union,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  706. 

{  nion,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,114. 

Union,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Union,  co.  S.  C.  At  the  court-house  is  a  post- 
office. 

Union,  co.  Kentucky. 

Union,  co.  Ohio,  between  Logan  and  Delaware 
counties,  formed  in  1820,  from  the  Indian  reserva- 
tion. 

Union,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W.  St.  Clairs- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,425. 

Union,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Champaign  co,  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
445. 

Union,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  Wilming- 
ton, the  county  seat. 

Union,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

Union,i.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio.  Pop. in  1815, 433. 

Union,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Union,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio. 


Union,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  W. 
Dayton. 

Union,  t.  Muskinguta  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E.  Zanes- 
ville. 

Union,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  5  m. 
above  Chillicothe.     Pop.  in  1819,  2,000. 

Union,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  8  m. 
above  Portsmouth. 

Union,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Union,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Mus- 
kingum, 5  m.  above  Marietta. 

Union,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  W.  Lebanon, 
inhabited  by  Shakers. 

Union,  co.  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  in 
1818,  2,482.     Chief  town,  Jonesburg. 

Union,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

Union,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Missouri. 

Union,  a  station  of  the  United  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society,  among  the  Osages  of  the  Arkansaw. 
See  Osages. 

Union  bridge,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

Union  springs,  p-v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  N. 
Aurora. 

Uniontovm,  p-t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S. 
W.  Zanesville. 

Unionville,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

United  Provinces,  a  name  formerly  given  to  the 
Seven  Protestant  States  of  the  Netherlands,  which 
threw  off  the  yoke  of  Spain,  and  became  inde- 
pendent.    See  Holland  and  JV'etherlands. 

United  States,  country,  N.  America,  bounded 
N.  by  the  British  dominions  ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
ocean ;  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico ;  S.  W.  by  the 
Spanish  dominions;  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  ocean. 
'I'he  boundary  on  the  side  of  the  Spanish  domin- 
ions, according  to  the  treaty  with  Spain,  ratified 
the  present  year,  (1821,)  begins  on  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  and 
proceeds  along  the  west  bank  of  that  river  to  the 
32d  degree  of  N.  lat. ;  thence,  by  a  line  due  north, 
to  the  river  Arkansas;  thence,  along  the  south 
bank  of  the  Arkansas  to  its  source,  in  lat.  42°,  and 
thence  along  that  parallel  to  the  Pacific  ocean. 
On  the  side  of  the  British  dominions,  the  boun- 
dary begins  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  St.  Croix,  and  proceeds  up  that  river  to 
its  source;  thence  due  north  to  the  highlands 
which  separate  the  waters  falling  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic ; 
thence,  along  those  highlands,  in  a  S.  W.  direc- 
tion, to  the  parallel  of  45°  N.  lat. ;  thence,  along 
that  parallel  to  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and 
thence,  up  that  river,  and  the  great  lakes  Ontario, 
Erie,  Huron,  and  Superior,  to  the  most  north- 
western point  of  the  lake  of  the  Woods.  By  the 
treaty  with  Great  Britain  in  1819,  the  boundary 
line  proceeds  from  the  last  mentioned  point,  due 
north  or  south,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  the  parallel 
of  49°  N.  lat.  and  thence  due  west  along  that  par- 
allel to  the  Rocky  mountains.  The  boundary  be- 
tween the  Rocky  mountains  and  the  Pacific  ocean 
remains  unsettled. — Including  the  Floridas,  which 
have  been  ceded  by  Spain,  the  territory  of  the 
United  States  extends  from  25°  to  49°  N.  lat.  and 
from  66°  49'  to  125°  W.  lon.  embracing  upwards  erf 
2,000,000  square  miles. 

This  vast  country  is  intersected  by  two  princi- 
pal ranges  of  mountains ;  the  Rocky  mountains  in 
the  west,  which  run  across  the  territory  in  a  di- 
rection nearly  parallel  with  the  coast  of  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  at  the  distance  of  several  hundred 
miles ;  and  the  Alleghany  mountains  in  the  east, 
which  run  nearly  rarallei  with  the  Atlantic  coast 


708 


U  N  I 


U  N  I 


I 


from  Georgia,  through  Tennessee,  Virginia,  and 
Pennsylvania,  to  New  York.  The  immense  val- 
ley included  between  these  two  ranges  of  moun- 
tains, is  intersected  by  the  Mississippi  river  which 
runs  from  north  to  south,  through  the  whole  length 
of  the  United  States.  The  country  west  of  the 
Mississippi,  with  few  exceptions,  is  a  wilderness 
inhabited  by  savage  Indians,  and  beyond  the  me- 
ridian of  94°,  the  whites  have  scarcely  a  solitary 
settlement ;  but  the  country  on  tlie  east  of  the 
Mississippi  is,  to  a  considerable  extent,  cultivated 
and  populous. 

The  confederacy  originally  consisted  of  13 
members,  but  by  the  formation  of  new  States,  the 
number  is  now  increased  to  24 ;  the  names,  ex- 
tent, and  population  of  which  are  given  in  the  fol- 
lowing table : 


Sq. 

Pop.  in 

Pop. 

Slaves 

States. 

Miles. 

1810. 

sq.m. 

inl810. 

Maine, 

31,750 

228,705 

7 

None 

New  Hampshire, 

9,491 

214,460 

22 

None 

Vermont,      -      - 

10,212 

217,895 

21 

None 

Massachusetts,    - 

7,250 

472,040 

66 

None 

Rhode  Island,    - 

1,580 

76,931 

48 

108 

Connecticut, 

4,764 

261,942 

55 

310 

New  York, 

46,000 

959,049 

21 

15,017 

New  Jersey, 

8,320  245,562 

39 

10,851 

Pennsylvania,     - 

46,000:810,091 

18 

795 

Delaware, 

2,120 

72,674 

34 

4,177 

Maryland,     -      - 

13,959 

380,546 

27 

111,502 

Virginia,        -     - 

64,000 

974,622 

15 

392,518 

North  Carolina, 

48,000 

555,500 

11 

168,824 

South  Carolina, 

24,000 

415,115 

17 

196,365 

Georgia, 

60,000 

252,433 

4 

105,218 

Alabama,        -     - 
Mississippi, 

44,000 
45,000 

^40,352 

h 

17,088 

Louisiana, 

48,000 

76,556 

li 

34,660 

Tennessee,     -     - 

40,000 

261,727 

6 

44,535 

Kentucky, 

42,000 

406,511 

9 

80,561 

Ohio, 

39,000 

230,760 

6 

None 

Indiana,        -    - 

36,000 

24,520 

1 

None 

Illinois, 

52,000 

12,282 

\ 

168 

Missouri, 

60,000 

19,783 

i 

3,011 

The  States  are  usually  classed  under  four  di- 
visions. Eastern.)  Middle,  Southern,  and  Western. 
The  Eastern  States  are  those  which  lie  wholly 
east  of  the  Hudson,  viz.  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Con- 
necticut ;  the  Middle  States  are  those  between 
the  Hudson  and  the  Potomac,  viz.  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Mary- 
land. The  Southern  States  are  those  south  of  the 
Potomac,  including  the  three  on  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, viz.  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Caroli- 
na, Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Louisia- 
na. The  Western  States  are  those  which  lie 
wholly  west  of  the  Alleghany  mountains,  viz. 
Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
and  Missouri.  The  country  not  included  in  the 
States  is  very  thinly  settled,  and  is  divided  for  the 
present  into  territories,  under  governors  appoint- 
ed by  Congress.  The  names  of  the  territories  are 
Michigan,  Northwest,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  and 
Florida.  The  District  of  Columbia  is  a  tract  10 
miles  square  around  the  city  of  Washington,  un- 
der the  immediate  government  of  Congress. 

In  that  part  of  the  United  States  which  lies  east 
of  the  Mississippi,  the  most  remarkable  feature  in 
the  face  of  the  country  is  the  low  plain,  from  50 
to  100  miles  wide,  which  extends  along  the  At- 
lantic coast,  from  the  Hudson  to  the  Mississippi,  a 


distance  of  1,500  miles.  Beyond  thii'  piain  the 
country  rises  towards  the  interior  till  it  terminatea 
in  the  Alleghany  or  Appalachian  mountains.  The 
rest  of  the  U.  States  is  agreeably  diversified  with 
hills  and  vallies,  plains  and  mountains.  The  soil  of 
the  low  country,  except  on  the  banks  of  creeks  and 
rivers,  is  sandy  and  barren ;  but  the  remainder  of 
the  country  has  generally  a  strong  fertile  soil,  ca- 
pable of  supporting  a  dense  population.  The 
principal  production  of  the  states  south  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Virginia,  is  cotton.  Tobacco  is  raised 
in  large  quantities  in  Maryland  and  Virginia. 
Wheat  is  the  staple  production  of  the  Middle  and 
Western  States.  Rice  is  cultivated  to  a  consid- 
erable extent  in  the  swamps  of  Georgia  and  the 
Caroliuas,  and  the  sugar  cane  flourishes  in  Lou- 
isiana. 

The  commerce  of  the  U.  States  consists  princi- 
pally in  the  exchange  of  agricultural  produce  for 
the  manufactures  of  other  parts  of  the  world,  and 
the  productions  of  tropical  climates.  The  whole 
value  ofthe  exports  in  1820,  was  $69,691,669,  of 
which,  $51,683,640  was  domestic  produce.  The 
principal  article  is  cotton  ;  the  quantity  of  which 
has  been  continually  and  rapidly  increasing  for 
more  than  30  years.  In  1790,  the  amount  export- 
ed was  only  100,000  pounds ;  in  1795,  1,300,000; 
in  1800,  17,789,803  ;  in  1804,  35,034,175  ;  and  in 
1817,  85,649,328  pounds,  the  value  of  which  was 
$22,628,000.  Next  in  importance  to  cotton,  is 
wheat  and  flour,  of  which  the  amount  exported  in 
1817,  was  1,479,198  barrels,  and  the  value 
$18,432,000.  Tobacco,  lumber,  rice,  pot  and 
pearl  ashes,  Indian  corn,  fish,  beef  and  pork,  are 
also  exported  in  large  quantities. — The  principal 
articles  imported  may  be  arranged  in  the  follow- 
ing order  :  manufactured  goods,  principally  from 
Great  Britain ;  sugar,  coffee,  foreign  spirits,  tea, 
wine  and  molasses.  The  shipping  belonging  to 
the  U.  States  in  1818,  was  1,165,185  tons.  It  is 
owned  principally  in  New-England  and  New- 
York.  The  States  south  of  the  Potomac  own  only 
one  eighth  part — The  annual  value  of  the  manu- 
factures was  estimated  in  1810,  at  $172,762,876. 

The  revenue  ofthe  United  States  in  1819,  was 
$21,435,700.  More  than  nine-tenths  of  the  rev- 
enue has  been  usually  derived  from  duties  on  im- 
ports. The  sale  of  public  lands  for  several  years 
past  has  also  yielded  a  considerable  sum,  and  the  a- 
mountfrom  this  source  is  rapidly  increasing.  The 
internal  revenue  and  direct  taxes  on  houses  and 
lands,  yield  very  little,  being  only  resorted  to  in 
cases  of  emergency.  The  public  debt  contracted 
in  support  of  the  war  of  Independence,  amounted 
in  1791,  to  $75,463,467.  During  the  long  peace 
between  1783  and  1812,  the  country  was  prospe- 
rous, and  the  debt  was  gradually  reduced  t» 
$36,656,932.  The  war  of  1812, '  13,  and  '  14,  in- 
creased it  again  more  than  three-fold,  and  in  1817, 
it  was  $112,107,862.  It  has  since  been  greatly 
reduced,  and  on  Oct.  1st,  1820,  was  $91,680,090. 
—The  army  in  1820  consisted  of  10,000  men, 
distributed  among  the  numerous  posts  along  the 
maritime  and  inland  frontier.  The  navy  consists 
of  1 1  ships  of  the  line,  9  frigates,  and  50  smaller 
vessels  :  of  these,  4  ships  of  the  line  and  37  small- 
er vessels,  are  on  the  great  lakes.  The  officers 
are  34  post  captains,  22  masters  commandant,  202 
lieutenants,  and  352  midshipmen. 

The  population  ofthe  United  States  in  1790, 
was  3.929,326;  in  18U0,  5,305,666  ;  and  in  1810, 
7,23J,'902;  of  which  nuu-ber,  1,191,364  were 
slaves.    The  population  increases  very  regularlv 


U  N 


VOL 


769 


at  the  rate  of  about  3  per  cent,  per  annum,  dou- 
blings in  less  than  25  years.  The  inhabitants  con- 
sist of  whites,  negroes,  and  Indians.  The  negroes 
are  generally  slaves,  and  are  principally  confined 
to  Maryland  and  the  States  south  of  the  Potomac 
and  Ohio  rivers.  All  the  whites  are  of  European 
origin ;  principally  English.  The  New  England- 
ers,  Virginians,  and  Carolinians,  are  almost  pure- 
ly English.  Next  to  the  English  are  the  Germans, 
who  are  very  numerous  in  the  Middle  States,  par- 
ticularly in  Pennsylvania.  Next  to  the  Germans 
are  the  Dutch,  who  are  most  numerous  in  New 
York.  The  French  constitute  nearly  half  the 
population  of  Louisiana.  The  Irish  and  Scotch 
are  found  in  the  Middle  States,  in  the  back  parts 
of  Virginia,  and  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the 
Union.  Very  little  is  known  about  the  Indians 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  The  4  principal  tribes 
on  the  east  of  the  Mississippi  are  the  Creeks, 
Choctaws,  Cherokees,  and  Chickasaws.  These 
tribes  live  within  the  chartered  hmits  of  Georgia, 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Tennessee. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  Pres- 
byterians and  Congrcgationalists,  who  have  to- 
gether more  than  2,300  congregations;  the  Bap- 
tists, who  have  more  than  2,000  congregations : 
the  Friends  have  more  than  500  societies ;  and  the 
Episcopalians  about  300.  The  Methodists  are  al- 
so very  numerous.  The  Baptists  and  Methodists 
are  found  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States ;  the 
Congrcgationalists  are  almost  wholly  in  New  Eng- 
land ;  the  Presbyterians  are  scattered  over  the 
Middle  and  Southern  States  ;  the  Friends  are  most 
numerous  in  Pennsylvania  and  the  adjoining  State  s, 
and  the  Episcopalians  in  New  York,  Connecticut, 
Maryland,  and  Virginia.  German  Lutherans, 
German  Calvinists,  and  Moravians,  are  also  nu- 
merous in  the  Middle  States. 

The  United  States  are  a  federal  republic.  Each 
of  the  states  is  independent,  and  has  the  exclusive 
control  of  all  concerns  merely  local ;  but  the  de- 
fence of  the  country,  the  regulation  of  commerce, 
and  all  the  general  interests  of  the  confederacy 
are  committed,  by  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  to  a  general  government.  The  legislative 
power  is  vested  in  a  Congress,  consisting  of  a  Sen- 
ate and  House  of  Representatives.  The  Senate 
is  composed  of  2  members  from  each  state,  chosen 
by  their  legislatures  for  6  years.  The  Represen- 
tatives are  chosen  by  the  people  biennially,  each 
state  being  entitled  to  a  number  proportioned  to 
its  free  population,  and  in  the  slave-holding  states 
every  five  slaves  are  allowed  to  count  the  same  as 
fhree  freemen.  The  President  and  Vice  Presi- 
dent are  chosen  for  4  years,  by  electors  appointed 
for  the  purpose,  and  each  State  appoints  as  many 
electors,  as  the  whole  number  of  its  Senators  and 
Representatives.  The  salary  of  the  President  is 
$25,000  per  annum,  of  the  Vice  President  $5,000. 
The  principal  officers  in  the  executive  depart- 
ment are  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy,  the  Attorney  General,  and  the 
Postmaster  General. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  present  govern- 
ment in  1789,  the  growth  of  the  United  States  in 
population,  commerce,  and  wealth  has  been  with- 
out a  parallel  in  the  history  of  the  world.  The 
population  in  1790,  was  3,929,326 ;  it  is  now  about 
10,000,000.  In  1790,  the  value  of  the  exports 
was  $16,000,000;  it  is  now  about  $70,000,000. 
The  revenue  in  1790,  was  $2,410,320;  it  is  now 
^rjore  than  $20,000,000.     In  1790,  the  number  of 

97 


po-st-oifices  was  75,  and  the  extent  of  post-roads 
1,875  miles;  in  1817,  the  number  of  post-offices 
was  3,459,  and  the  extent  of  post-roads  51,600 
miles.  The  amount  of  shipping  in  1790,  was 
486,090  tons ;  in  1818,  1, 165,585  tons.  For  tables 
illustrating  the  state  of  the  commerce,  population, 
and  resources  of  the  United  States,  see  Apptn- 
dix. 

Unity  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  61°  30'  W.  Lat.  57°  8'  N. 

Unity,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  30  m.  N.  Au- 
gusta. 

Unity,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.H.  32  m.  N.  W.  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  1,044. 

Unity,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Unna,  r.  which  rises  in  Bosnia,  on  the  borders 
of  Croatia,  and  runs  into  the  Save,  16  m.  N.  W. 
Gradisca. 

Unna,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia,  23  m. 
S.  Munster,  8  E.  Dortmund.  Lon.  7"  48'  E.  Lat. 
5r33'N.     Pop.  3,150. 

Umt,  the  most  northerly  of  the  smaller  Shetland 
islands,  about  8  miles  long  and  4  broad.  Lon.  1° 
6'  W.  Lat.  61°  7'  N.     Pop.  1,700. 

Unterart,  or  Art,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Schweitz, 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  lake  of  Zug,  7  m.  N. 
Schweitz. 

Unlerseen,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Berne,  26  m.  S.  E. 
Berne. 

Unza,  t.  Russia,  in  Kostrom,  and  capital  of  a 
province,  92  m.  E.  N.  E.  Kostrom.  Lon.  44°  14' 
E.  Lat.  57°  56' N. 

Vodina..     See  Edessa. 

Vosel,  r.  Austria,  which  runs  into  the  Traun,  8 
ra.  S.'W.  Wels. 

Vogel,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon.  130° 
46'  E.  Lat.  5°  12'  S. 

yogel  Islands,  cluster  of  small  islands  near  the 
W^  coast  of  Siam.     Lon.  98°  55' E.    Lat.  7°  38' N. 

Voghera,  t.  Sardinian  states,  12  ax.  S.  Pavia,  25 
S.  S.  W.  Milan.     Pop.  10,023. 

Voglabruck,  t.  Austria,  on  the  river  Vogel,  27 
m.  S.  S.  E.  Passau,  110  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  13°  35' 
E.  Lat.  48°  1'  N. 

Vogtland,  circle  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony,  containing  700  square  miles,  and 
88,639  inhabitants.     Plauen  is  the  chief  town. 

Voiron,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  10  m.  N.  W.  Gre- 
noble.    Pop.  4,800. 

Voitsberg,  or  Woitssberg,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Kai- 
nach,  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  Gratz,  86  S.  S.  W.  Vienna. 
Lon.  15°  E,  Lat.  47°  4' N. 

Vojussa,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  into  the 
Adriatic,  7  m.  N.  Valona. 

Vokscha,  r.  Russia,  which  joins  the  Mezen,  16 
m.  N.  Olenskoi. 

Volano,  seaport,  Italy,  at  the  mouth  of  the  south- 
ern branch  of  the  Po,  23  m.  E.  Ferrara. 

Volcano,  one  of  the  most  considerable  of  the 
Lipari  islands.  Its  ancient  name  was  Hiera.  Lon. 
15"  13' E.  Lat.  38°  30' N. 

Volcano,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  24  m.  N.  Eg* 
mont  island,  one  of  the  Queen  Charlotte's  islands, 
Lon.  165"  4'  E.  Lat.  10°  17' S. 

Volckach,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Maine,  1 1  m.  N.  E. 
Wurzburg,  12  S.  Schweinfurt.  Lon.  10°  14'  E. 
Lat.  49°  54' N,     Pop.  1,740. 

Volconda,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  95  m.  S. 
Arcot.     Lon.  79°  10'  E.  Lat.  11°  10'  N. 

Volga,  r.  Russia,  formed  by  two  streams,  which 
unite  in  lon.  51°  20'  E.  lat.  56°  40'  N.  Its  general 
course  is  first  east,  and  thensouth,  till  it  falls  into 
the  Caspian  sea  hy  many  months.     It  is  more  than 


170 


VON 


3,000  miles  long,  being  the  longest  river  in  Eu- 
rope, and  is  navigable  to  Tver  near  its  source. 
There  is  a  canal  connecting  it  with  the  Neva^ 
•which  opens  a  communication  between  the  Baltic 
and  the  Caspian,  and  it  is  supposed  that  4,000  ves- 
sels pass  through  it  annually. 

Folgivod,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Dnie- 
per, 12  m.  above  Ekaterinoslav. 

VoViynia,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Grodno  and  Minsk,  E.  by  Kiev,  S.  by  Podolia, 
and  W.  by  the  new  kingdom  of  Poland. 

Volisso,  seaport,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Scio.    Lon.  25"  56'  E.  Lat.  38°  27'  N. 

Volkenmarck^  or  Volkel  Markt,  t.  Austrian  states, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Drave,  12  m.  E.  Clagenfurt, 
10  S.  W.  St.  Andre.  Lon.  12"  20'  E.  Lat.  46" 
41' N. 

Volkmarsen,  or  Volmarsheim,  t.  Prussian  states, 
in  Westphalia,  18  m.  S.  E.  Paderborn,  20  E.  Bri- 
lou.     Lon.  9"  8'  E.  Lat.  51"  23'  N.     Pop.  2, 100. 

yollenhoren,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  near 
the  Zuyder  Zee.  It  is  not  large,  but  carries  on  a 
considerable  trade.  31  m.  W.  Covorden,  28  N. 
Deventer.     Lon.  5°  51'  E.  Lat.  52"  44'  N. 

Vollore,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  5  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Thiers.     Pop.  3,330. 

Volmar,  t.  Russia,  in  Riga,  56  m.  N.  N.  E.  Ri- 
ga.    Lon.  25"  14'  E.  Lat.  57"  36'  N. 

Folney,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Onondaga  river, 
50  m.  W.  Rome.     Pop.  in  1812,  350. 

Folo,  seaport,  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  in  a 
gulf  to  which  it  gives  name,  38  m.  N.  W.  Larissa, 
62  N.  N.  E.  Livadia.  Lon.  23"  12'  E.  Lat.  39" 
28' N. 

Vologda,  city,  Russia,  and  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment, on  the  river  Suchona,  the  see  of  an  arch- 
bishop, 320  m.  S.  Archangel,  308  E.  Petersburg. 
Lon.  40"  14'  E.  Lat.  59°  10'  N. 

Vologodskoi,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N. 
by  Archangel,  E.  by  Tobolsk,  S.  by  Perm,  Viat- 
ka,  Kostrom,  and  Jaroslav,  and  W.  by  Olonetz 
and  Novgorod.  Lon.  39"  to  59°  E.  Lat.  58°  30'  to 
65"20^N. 

Volpiarw,  t.  Sardinian  states,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Tu- 
rin.    Pop.  3,640. 

Volta,  t.  A.  Turkey,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Natolia. 
Lon.  27"  16'  E.  Lat.  36"  46'  N. 

Volsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Saratov,  on  the  Volga,  76 
m.  N.  E.  Saratov.    Lon.  47"  44'  E.  Lat  52°  15'  N. 

Volta,  or  Rio  Volta,  r.  Africa,  which  separates 
the  Gold  coast  from  the  Slave  coast,  and  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.     Lon.  0"  45'  W.  Lat.  5"  50'  N. 

Voliaggio,  or  Ottagio,  t.  Italy,  15  m.  N.  Genoa. 

Volterra,  t.  Tuscany,  formerly  one  of  the  an- 
cient 12  cities,  now  a  lonely,  mean  place,  29  m. 
E.  S.  E.  Leghorn,  29  S.  W.  Florence.  Lon.  10° 
52'  E.  Lat.  43°  23'  N.     Pop.  5,000. 

Voltri,  t  Italy,  6  m.  W.  Genoa. 

Volturara,  or  Vuliurara,  t.  Naples,  in  Capita- 
nata,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  38  m.  W.  S.  W.  Man- 
fredonia,  53  N.  E.  Naples.  Lon.  15"  E.  Lat.  41" 
28'  N. 

VoltumOy  t.  Naples,  on  a  riverof  the  same  name, 
near  its  mouth,  12  m.  W.  Capua. 

Volvic,  t.  France,  in  Puy  de  Dome,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Riom,  6  N.  N.  W.  Clermont.    Pop.  2,082. 

Voluntoum,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.     Pop.  1,016. 

Vona,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  70  m,  W.  Trebi- 
sond.    Lon.  38"  E.  Lat.  41"  10'  N. 

Vonitsa,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Albania,  62  m.  N. 
W.  Lepanto.    Lon.  21°  2'  E.  Lat.  39°  15'  N.    Pop. 

e.eoo. 


U  P  H 

Voorn,  or  Osl-Voom,  isl.  Holland,  at  the  moutfe  5! 
of  the  Meuse ;  about  20  miles  long  and  5  broad.      * 

Voord,  isl.  at  the  union  of  the  Wahal  and  the 
Meuse,  with  a  fort,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bois  le  Due,  4 
S.  Thiel. 

Vorden,  or  Voerden,  t.  Germany,  17  m.  E,  N. 
E.  Paderborn.     Lon.  9°  18'  E.  Lat.  51"  45'  N. 

Vorden,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  N.  N.  E.  Osna- 
bruck,  10  S.  Quackenbruck.  Lon.  8"  4'  E.  Lat. 
52"  29'  N. 

Voreppe,  t.  France,  in  Isere,  8  m.  N.  N.  W .  Gre-? 
noble.     Pop.  4,531, 

Voringen,  or  Sladt  Voringen,  t.  Germany,  10 
m.  S.  E.  Hohenzollern,  24  E.  Rothweil.  Lon.  9- 
15'  E.  Lat.  48°  11'  N. 

Voronez,  t.  Russia,  and  capital  of  a  government, 
at  the  conflux  of  the  Voronez  with  the  Don.  The 
citadel  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  fur- 
nished with  150  pieces  of  cannon,  and  a  large  gar- 
rison. Here  are  docks  for  building  vessels,  larg» 
and  small,  good  warehouses  for  naval  stores,  &ci 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  a  place  of  consider- 
able trade.  256  m.  S.  Moscow,  620  S.  E.  Riga, 
696  S.  S.  E.  Petersburg.  Lon.  39°  E.  Lat.  51* 
36' N.     Pop.  15,000. 

Voronesskoi,  government,  Russia,  bounded  N- 
E.  by  Tambovskoe,  S.  and  S.  E.  by  the  country  of 
the  Cossacs,  N.  W.  by  Orlovskoe,  W.  by  Kurskoe 
and  Charkovskoe.  Lon.  37"  to  42°  E.  Lat.  48°  50' 
to53"16'N.     Pop.  769,700. 

Vortitza,  or  Vostitsa,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Mo* 
rea,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Lepanto,  40  m . 
N.W.Corinth. 

Vosges,  a  large  chain  of  mountains,  which  gives 
name  to  a  department  of  France. 

Vosges,  department,  France,  bounded  N.  by 
Meuse,  Meurte,  and  Lower  Rhine,  E.  by  Upper 
and  Lower  Rhine,  S.  by  Upper  Saone,  and  W. 
by  Upper  Marne.  Epinal  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
334,169. 

Voskresensk,  t.  Russia,  in  Moscow,  32  m.  N.  W. 
Moscow.     Lon.  36"  44'  E.  Lat.  56"  N. 

Vospor,  t.  Russia,  in  Tauris,  112  m.  E.  S.  E.  Pe- 
rekop.     Lon.  36"  26'  E.  Lat.  45"  20'  N. 

Vouga,  r.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, 5  m.  N.  Aveiro. 

Vouga,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  10  m.  E.  N.  E.  Aveiro,  26  N.  Coim- 
bra. 

Vouille,  t.  France,  in  Vienne,  8  m.  N.  W.  Poi- 
tiers, 12  N.  Lusignan. 

Voura,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  separates  Thes- 
saly from  Albania,  and  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Arta, 

Vourla,  seaport,  A.  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  thr 
site  of  Clazomene,  one  of  the  12  cities  of  Ionia, 
20  m.  W.  Smyrna.   Lon.  26"  40'  E.  Lat.  38"  24'  N 

Voutezat,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  9  m.  N.  W 
Brive.    Pop.  2,074. 

Vouvray,  t.  France,  in  Indre  and  Loire,  4  m.  E. 
Tours.     Pop.  2,100. 

Vousieres,  t  France,  in  Ardennes,  5 posts  S.  W 
Stenay,  27  N.  E.  Paris.  Lon.  4°  42'  E.  Lat.  49' 
23' N. 

Vos,  lake,  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  60  miles  in  cir  - 
cumference.     Lon.  38"  54'  £.  Lat.  60"  30'  N. 

Vozia,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Bessarabia,  on  thi 
Black  sea,  26  m.  W.  Ochtakov. 

Upa,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Oka,  near 
Lichvin,  in  Kaluga. 

Up-HoUand,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  5  m.  ^^ 
Wigan. 

Upha.    SeeOu/ff. 


U  R  B 


u  s  s 


771 


Upland,  province  in  the  old  division  of  Swe- 
den, bounded  N.  by  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  E.  by  the 
Baltic,  S.  by  the  Malar  lake,  and  VV.  by  West- 
mannland. 

UpnoT  Castle,  fort,  Eng.  in  Kent,  on  the  left 
bank  of  Medway,  near  Chatham. 

Upper  lake,  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Kerry,  4  m.  from 
Lough  Lane,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a 
river. 

Upper  quivre,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri. 

Upperville,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Uppingham,  t.  Eng.  ir.  Rutland,  36  m.  S.  Not- 
tingham, 90  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  38'  W.  Lat.  52° 
36'  N. 

Upright  Bay,  bay  near  the  W.  extremity  of  the 
straits  of  Magellan.  Lon.  73°  35'  W.  Lat.  53° 
8'S. 

Upsal,  city,  Sweden,  on  the  river  Fyris.  It  was 
anciently  the  capital  of  Sweden,  and  the  kings  are 
still  generally  crowned  here.  Here  is  a  univer- 
sity. With  a  valuable  library,  an  astronomical  ob- 
servatory, a  physic  garden,  21  professors,  and  up- 
wards of  1,000  students.  Upsal  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop.  35  ra.  N.  Stockholm.  Lon.  17°  26' 
E.  Lat.  39°  51'  N.     Pop.  4,403. 

Upton,  t.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  on  the  Severn, 
10  m.  S.  Worcester,  1 11  W.  N.  W.  Loudon.  Lon. 
,  2°  7'  W.  Lat.  52°  6'  N. 

Upton,  t.  Richelieu  and  Buckingham  counties, 
Lower  Canada,  E.  of  Montreal. 

Upton,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m.  S.  E. 
Worcester,  38  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  995. 

Ur,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Mesopotamia. 

Uiach,  t.  Wurtemberg,  with  considerable  man- 
ufactures of  damask  and  other  linens,  on  the 
Renis,  21  m.  S.  S.  E.  Stuttgard,  24  W.  Ulm.  Lon. 
9°  27'  E.  Lat.  48°  27'  N.     Pop.  2,700. 

Uraguay,  r.  South  America,  which  rises  in  the 
southern  part  of  Brazil,  and  after  a  course  of  about 
500  miles,  joins  the  Parana,  in  lat.  34°  S.  and  the 
united  streams  take  the  name  of  La  Plata. 

Ural  Mountains.     See  Oural, 

Ural,  or  Jaik,  r.  Russia,  which  rises  in  lon.  53° 
-14'  E.  lat.  34°  N.  and  runs  into  the  Caspian  sea, 
near  Guriev,  in  lon.  52°  14'  E.  lat.  47°  15'  N. 

Uralsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the  Ural,  328 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Astracan,  696  S.  W.  Tobolsk.  Lon. 
5r54'E.  Lat.  51°  10' N. 

Vrana,  or  Urana,  t.  Dalmatia,  on  a  lake  to 
which  it  gives  name,  anciently  an  important  for- 
tress, 15  m.  E.  S.  E.  Zara. 

Urbania,  or  Castel  Durante,  t.  Popedom,  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  7  m.  S.  S.  W.  Urbino. 

Urbanna,  formerly  Four  corners,  v.  in  Portland, 
Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  2  m.  from  lake  Erie,  on  the 
road  to  Ciiatauque  lake. 

Urbanna,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  Rappahannock,  60  m.  E.  N.  E.  Richmond. 

Urbanna,  p-t.  and  cap.  Champaign  co.  Ohio,  44 
m.  W.  Columbus,  34  N.  E.  Dayton.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  jail,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  a 
market-house,  a  Methodist  church,  and  about  120 
houses.     Pop.  600. 

Urbino,  a  province  of  the  Popedom,  bounded 
N.  by  Roniagna,  N.  E.  by  the  Adriatic,  S.  E.  by 
Ancona,  S.  by  the  Perugiano,  and  W.  by  Tuscany 
and  Romagna.  The  air  is  reckoned  unwhole- 
some. 

Urbino,  city  of  tlie  Popedom,  near  the  head  of 
the  Foglio,  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  The^univer- 
sity  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  in  Italy.  In  the 
churches  are  seen  some  paintings  of  the  celebra- 
ted Raphael  and  Frederic  Barocci.    Raphael  was 


a  native  of  Urbino.  S4  m.  E.  Florence,  115  N- 
Rome.  Lon.  12°  32'  E.  Lat.  43°  48'  x\.    Pop.  8,000 

Ure,  or  Youre,  r.  Eng.  in  York,  which,  below 
Boroughbridge,  joins  the  Swale,  and  takes  the 
name  of  Ouse. 

Urgel,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  the  see  of  a  bish- 
op, 65  m.  N.  N.  W.  Barcelona,  60  N.  E.  Balbas- 
tro.     Lon.  1"  22'  E.    Lat.  42°  24'  N.     Pop.  3,200, 

Uri,  canton,  Switzerland,  bounded  N.  by 
Schweitz,  E.  by  Claris,  S.  by  Italy,  and  W.  by 
Underwalden,  about  60  miles  long  and  28  broad. 
It  consists  almost  every  where  of  high  mountains, 
and  deep  vallies.  The  inhabitants  are  all  Roman 
Catholics.     Altorff  is  the  capital.     Pop.  145,215. 

Urjup,  one  of  the  Kurile  islands,  54  miles  long, 
and  from  8  to  16  broad.  Lon.  169°  E.  Lat.  46°  25'  ?i . 

Urkonge,  or  Korkanje,  or  Orkanje,  or  Urgentz,  t. 
Asia,  and  cap.  of  Charasm,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ji» 
hon,  which  runs  into  the  lake  Aral,  320  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Samarcand.     Lon.  58°  30'  E.  Lat.  42°  35'  N. 

Urkup,  or  Yerkup,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Caramania, 
on  the  Kizel-ermuk,  10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tocat.  Lon. 
34°  18' E.  Lat.  38°  37' N. 

Urnaschen,  t.  Switzerland,  5  ra.  S.  W.  Appenzel. 

Urquhart,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ross-shire,  on  the 
Frith  of  Cromarty,  12  m.  W.  S.  W.  Cromarty. 

Urrishead,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Mayo,  at  the  entrance  of  Broad  Haven.  Lon.  9' 
48'  W.  Lat.  54°  19'  N. 

Ursel,  t.  Germany,  18  m.  E.  N.  E.  Mentz. 

Urseren,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Uri,  in  a  valley,  to 
which  it  gives  name,  on  the  Reuss,  17  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Altorff. 

Uruguay.     See  Uraguay. 

Uscokan,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  W.  coast  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lon.  116°  25' E.  Lat.  6°  21' N. 

Usbeks,  or  Usbek  Tartars,  Tartars  which  inhabit 
Kharasm  and  Grand  Bukharia. 

Usedom,  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the 
coast  of  Pomerania,  partly  by  the  river  Peene,  and 
partly  by  the  Frische  Half,  30  miles  long.  Lon. 
13°  11'  to  13°  58'  E.  Lat.  54°  15'  to  54"  45'  N. 

Usedom,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania,  on  the 
S.  W^  coast  of  the  island  of  Usedom,  on  the  bay  of 
the  Frische  Half,  8  m.  E.  Anclam,  38  N.  N.  VV. 
Old  Stettin.     Pop.  1,100. 

Ushant,  or  Ouessant,  (an.  Uxantis,)  isl.  of  the 
Atlantic,  off  the  coast  of  France,  10  m.  from  the 
continent,  and  about  12  miles  in  circumference, 
defended  by  a  castle.  Lon.  5"  W.  Lat.  48°  29'  N. 
Pop.  700. 

Ushant,  or  Ouessant,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  coast  of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  146" 
33' E.  Lat.  ir5'S. 

Usingen,  t.  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  12  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Weilburg,  22  N.  E.  Mentz.     Pop.  1,500. 

Usk,  r.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Severn,  be- 
low Newport,  in  Monmouthshire. 

Usk,  t.  Eng.  in  Monmouth,  on  the  river  Usk,  12 
m.  S.  W.  Monmouth,  140  W.  London.  Lon.  3" 
W.  Lat.  51°  42' N. 

Uskalinmaa,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia.     Lon,  21°  5'  E.  Lat.  61°  18'  N. 

Uslar,  t.  Hanover,  17  m.  W.  N.  W.  Gottingea. 
Pop.  1,550. 

Usman,  t,  Russia,  in  Tambov,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  40  m.  S.  W.  Tambov.  Lon.  40°  24'  E. 
Lat.  52°  8'  N.     Pop.  2,490. 

Ussel,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  32  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Uzerches,  30  N.  E.  Tulle.  Lon.  2°  23'  E.  Lat.  45° 
33'  N.     Pop,  3,036.  9 

Usses,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the  Rhone, 
near  Seissel. 


772 


W  A  B 


W  A  C 


Usiarits,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Pyrenees,  48  m.  W. 
Pau,  6  S.  Bayonne.     Lon.  1°  23'  W.  Lat.  43°  23'  N. 

Ustia,  t.  Russia,  in  Moldavia,  on  the  Dniester, 
88  m.  E.  Jassy. 

Usiica,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  25  ni. 
from  the  coast  of  Sicily.  Lon.  13"  36'  E.  Lat.  38" 
44' N. 

Usliug,  t.  Russia,  in  Vologda,  on  the  Dwina,  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Suchona  and  the  Jug;,  the  see  of 
an  archbishop,  200  m.  N.  N,  W.  Viatka,  464  E. 
Petersburg.  Lon.  45°  40'  E.  Lat.  60°  56'  N.  Pop. 
8,933. 

Ustiusna.  i.  Russia,  in  Novgorod,  on  the  river 
Mologa,  144  m.  E.  Novgorod.     Pop.  2,586. 

Usworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham  co.  1 1  m.  N.  Dur- 
ham. 

Utawas.    See  Ottawa. 

Uticay  a  flourishing  incorporated  post-village  of 
N.  Y.  the  commercial  capital  of  the  Great  West- 
ern District  of  the  state,  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Mohawk,  on  the  side  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  15 
m.  N.  E.  Rome,  93  W.  N.  W.  Albany.  It  is  hand- 
somely laid  out  in  streets  and  squares,  and  in  1813, 
contained  300  houses  and  stores,  with  a  population 
of  1,700,  which  has  since  considerably  increased. 
It  contains  5  houses  of  public  worship  ;  1  for  Pres- 
byterians, 1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for  Scotch  Pres- 
byterians, 1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Baptists ;  an 
academy,  4  printing  offices,  and  2  banks.  This 
village  is  the  central  point  where  all  the  principal 
turnpikes  from  various  parts  of  the  state  unite, 
and  it  forms  the  key  of  trade  and  travel  between  a 
large  section  of  the  western  country  and  the  At- 
lantic ports.  The  Erie  canal  passes  through  it 
and  will  add  to  its  importance.  Lat.  43°  6'  N. 
Lon.  75°  13'  W. 

Utica,  tJeflerson  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Harrod's  creek,  8  m.  N.  Louisville. 

Utiel,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  48  m.  S.  E.  Cu- 
enca.     Pop.  4,000. 

Utila,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Honduras,  30  m.  from 
the  coast,  15  miles  long,  and  5  broad.  Lon.  87° 
45'  W.  Lat.  16°  4'  N. 

Uton,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Baltic.     Lon.  18°  5'  E.  Lat.  58°  57'  N. 

Utrecht,  province,  Netherlands,  which  borders 
for  a  little  distance  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  but  on  all 
other  sides  is  environed  by  Holland  and  Guelder- 
land ;  it  enjoys  a  good  air,  and  in  most  parts  the 
foil  is  very  fruitful.     Pop.  108,000. 


Utretcht,  city,  Netherlands,  and  cap.  of  the  abovt 
province,  is  a  handsome,  large,  and  rich  city,  ora 
the  ancient  Rhine.  It  is  about  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  is  fortified,  but  is  not  strong.  The 
height  of  the  tower  of  the  cathedral  is  380  feet, 
and  from  the  top  in  a  clear  day,  15  or  16  cities 
may  be  seen.  The  principal  streets  are  cut 
through  with  canals.  The  houses  are  of  brick, 
and  many  of  them  stately.  The  university  is  very 
famous  and  attracts  a  great  number  of  foreigners. 
The  town  is  famous  for  the  treaty  of  union,  signed 
in  1579,  between  the  Seven  Provinces,  which  laid 
the  foundation  of  the  republic  ;  as  likewise  for  the 
treaty  of  peace,  signed  here  in  1713,  between 
France  and  the  Grand  Allies.  18  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Amsterdam.  Lon.  5°  11'  E.  Lat.  52°  6'  N.  Pop. 
32,294. 

Utrecht,  t.  Kings  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  W.  end  of 
Long  Island  opposite  Staten  Island,  10  m.  S.  New- 
York.     Pop.  907. 

Utrera,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  21  m.  S.  Seville. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Utschenya,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Nova  Zem- 
bla.     Lon.  67°  24'  E.  Lat.  77°  20'  N. 

Ultoxeter,  or  Utcesier,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford  co.  17 
m.  N.  Litchfield,  136  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1"  52' 
W.  Lat.  52°  54'  N.     Pop.  3,755 . 

Utznach,  t.  Switzerland,  23  m.  S.  E.  Zurich. 
Lon.  8°  59'  E.  Lat.  47°  8'  N. 

Uvelen,  isl.  Russia,  in  the  Frozen  Sea,  12  m.  N. 
Cape  Tchukotskoi.  Lon.  188°  44'  E.  Lat. 66°  25'  N. 

Uwchland,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Uxbridse,  t.  Eng.  in  Middlesex,  near  the  Colne, 
8  m.  W.  ^Vindsor,  15  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  27' 
W.  Lat.  51°  34' N.     Pop.  2,411. 

Uxbridge,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  N.  E.  of 
York. 

Uxbridge,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  19  m.  S- 
Worcester,  40  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,404. 

Uzel,  t.  France,  in  North  Coasts,  6  m.  N.  N.  W 
Loudeac,  13  S.  St.  Brieuc.     Pop.  6,71 1. 

Uzerche,  t.  France,  in  Correze,  13  m.  N.  W. 
Tulle,  27  S.  W.  Limoges.  Lon.  1°  39'  E.  Lat.  45'" 
25' N. 

Uzes,  t.  France,  in  Gard.  Near  it  is  a  medi- 
cinal spring,  12  m.  N.  Nismes,  18  W.  Avignon. 
Lon  4°  30'  E.  Lat.  44°  1'  N .     Pop.  5,069. 

Uzette,  t.  France,  in  Gironde,  6  m.  W.  Bazas, 
27  S.  S.  W.  Bourdeaux. 


w 


Waackhausen,  t.  ducliy  of  Bremon,  on  a 
moor,  near  the  river "Hamme,  12  m.  N.  Bremen. 

JVaag,  or  f^ag,  r.  Hungary,  which  rises  in  the 
N.  part,  and  runs  into  the  Danube,  6  m.  below 
Comorn. 

Wabash,  r.  Indiana,  which  rises  in  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  flowing  in  a  southwesterly 
direction,  falls  into  the  Ohio  30  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Cumberland.  For  the  last  half  of 
its  course  it  is  the  boundary  between  Indiana  and 
Illinois  It  is  more  than  500  miles  long,  and  is 
navigable  for  keel  boats  400  miles,  to  Ouitanon, 
where  there  are  rapids.  Above  the  rapids  small 
boats  can  ascend  nearly  to  its  source.     The  cur- 


rent is  generally  gentle  above  Vincennes ;  below 
that  town  there  are  several  rapids,  but  not  of  suf- 
ficient magnitude  to  prevent  boats  from  ascending. 

Wabash,  Little,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the 
Wabash,  a  few  miles  from  Ohio  river. 

Waberchance.     See  Wagovsinche, 

Wachenheim,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Rhine,  15  m.  W.  Manheim,  31  E.  Deux  Ponts. 
Lon.  8°  12'  E.  Lat.  49°  25'  N. 

Wachiita,  or  Washita,  or  Ouachitla,  r.  which 
rises  in  Arkansaw  Territory  in  lon.  95°  30'  W.  and 
lat.  34°  N.  and  pursuing  an  easterly  course  of  about 
200  miles  receives  Hot  Spring  creek  from  the  N. 
E.    It  then  turns  to  the  south,  and  after  a  course 


W  A  H 


W  A  L 


773 


^f  several  hundred  miles,  falls  into  Red  river  23 
miles  from  its  mouth.     For  the  last  30  miles  of  its 
course  it  has  the  name  of  Black  river.     The  Hot 
Springs,  a  (ew  miles  from  the  banks  of  this  river, 
in  34°  30'  N.  lat.  are  very  celebrated  in  the  cure  of 
everal  diseases.     The  accommodations  are  miser- 
able, the  country  being  almost  a  wilderness,  yet 
'    there  are  frequently  200  or  300  persons  collected 
[   here,  some  from  a  distance  of  1,000  miles. 
I        TFachoria,  in  N.  C.  a  tract  of  land  of  100,000 
acres,  extending  from  the  Yadkin  to  Haw  and 
Deep  rivers,  and  occupied  by  Moravians.     Chief 
places,  Salem,  Bethabara,  and  Bethany. 

Wachtendonk,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Niers,  22  m. 
N.  W.  Dusseldorf,  7  N.  E.  Venlo. 

Wachtersbaeh,  or  Waectersbach,  t.  Hesse-Cassel, 
15  m.  E.  N.  E.  Hanau,  44  E.  Mentz.  Lon.  6°  14' 
E.  Lat.  51°  25' N.     Ppp.  820. 

Wachusett,  mountain  in  Princeton,  Mass.  up- 
wards of  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Wadan,  or  Zala,  t.  Fezzan,  in  the  road  from 
Tripoli  to  Mourzouk,  160  m.  N.  Mourzouk,  140 
S.  S.  E.  Tripoli.  Lon.  15°  12'  E.  Lat.  29°  59'  N. 
Wadden,  channel  of  the  German  Sea,  between 
the  island  of  Ameland,  and  the  coast  of  Friesland. 
Waddo,  t.  Sweden,  in  Upland,  on  a  creek,  which 
communicates  with  Aland's  Haff,  15  m.  N.  Nor- 
telge.     Lon.  1 8°  40'  E.  Lat.  60°  N. 

Wade's  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  N.  Caroli- 
na.   Lon.  76°  20'  W.  Lat.  36°  7'  N. 

Wadenschweil,  t.  Switzerland,  9  m.  S.  Zurich. 
Pop.  3,500. 

Wadero,  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Sweden,  in  the 
North  Sea.    Lon.  12°  30'  E.  Lat.  56°  24'  N. 

TVadesboroughf  p-t.  and  cap.  Anson  co.  N.  C.  76 
m.   W.   Fayetteville,  50  E.  Salisbury.     It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about  30  houses. 
fVadey,  country  of  Africa,  W.  of  Darfur. 
JVadham  Islands,  small  islands,  near  the  N.  E.  of 
Newfoundland.     Lon.  53°  37'  W.  Lat.  49°  57'  N. 
Wadmelaw.     See  John's  island,  S.  C. 
Wadstena,  t.  Sweden,  in  East  Gothland,  on  the 
Wetter  Lake,  20  m.  W.  Linkioping.     Lon.  14°  59' 
E.  Lat.  58°  25'  N. 

Waduorlh,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  N.  W. 
Halifax. 

JVageningen,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  river  Leek,  7  m.  W.  Arnheim,  24  E.  S.  E. 
Utrecht. 

Wager'' s  Straits,  or  River,  r.  N.  America,  which 
empties  itself  into  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  87°  W. 
Lat.  65°  8'  N. 

Wagon,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  13"  38'  E.  Lat.  63°  12'  N. 

Wagousinche,  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
peninsula  of  Michigan,  22  m.  W.  Michillimacki- 
rac. 

Wagstadt,  or  Bilowes,  t.  Silesia,  24  m.  W.  Tes- 
chen,  12  S.  S.  E.  Troppau.  Lon.  18°  E.  Lat.  49° 
28' N. 

Wagter,  Nord,  small  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin, 
near  the  coast  of  China.  Lon.  109°  30'  E.  Lat.  21" 
13'  N. 

Wagter  Zuyd,  small  isl.  in  the  Chinese  Sea, 
rear  the  coast  of  Cochin  China.  Lon.  106°  34'  E. 
Lat.  17°  18' N. 

Wahabien,  a  warlike  religious  sect  which  sprung 
up  in  Syria,  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
They  now  occupy  almost  all  the  interior  of  Ara- 
bia, and  at  one  period  were  in  possession  of  Mec- 
ca, and  Medina,  which  cities  they  sacked,  and  de- 
stroyed the  tomb  of  Mahomet.  These  cities  were 
retaken  in  thf>  ypar  1813,  by  the  Pasha  of  Egypt, 


but  with  all  his  efforts,  and  those  of  the  Turkish 
emperor,  the  Wahabe«s  remain  unsubdued. 

Wahal,  r.  which  branches  off  from  the  Rhine  at 
Schencken,  joins  the  Meuse  first  at  the  small  isl- 
and of  Voorn,  separates  from  that  river,  and  wash- 
es the  north  side  of  the  island  of  Bommelwaert, 
and  joins  the  Meuse  again  at  Worcum,  when  both 
rivers  form  one  stream,  sometimes  called  Merwe, 
and  sometimes  Meuse. 

WahJstadt,  i.  e.  The  Field  of  Battle,  t.  Silesia,  5 
m.  S.  E.  Lignitz. 

Wahrberg,  castle,  Bavaria,  18  m.  N.  Dunckels- 
buhl,  8  W.  S.  W.  Anspach. 

Wahren,  or  Waaren,  t.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
near  the  Lake  of  Calpin,  22  m.  S.  E.  Gustrow,  21 
"  N.  W.  Strelitz.  Lon.  12°  39'  E.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. 
Pop.  3,800. 

Wahrenbruck,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  2 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Liebenwerda,  14  E.  Torgau.  Pop. 
680. 

Wahrien,  t.  Mecklenburg,  14  m.  N.  E.  Schwe- 
rin,  17  W.  Gustrow.  Lon.  11°  38'  E.  Lat.  53°  50' N. 

Waiblingen,  t.  Wurtemberg,  7  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Stuttgart,  8  W.  Nordlingen.  Lon.  9°  25'  E.  Lat. 
48°  50'  N.     Pop.  2,600. 

Waidhoven,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Ips,  66  m. 
W.  S.  VV.  Vienna.  Lon.  14°  43'  E.  Lat.  47"  54'  N. 
Pop.  3,620. 

Waidhoven,  or  Bohmisch  Waidhoven,  t.  Austria, 
on  the  Taya,  40  m.  W.  Laab,  56  N.  W.  Vienna, 
Lon.  15°  E.  Lat.  48°  48'  N. 

Waijifleet,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  on  a  creek  of 
the  German  Sea,  15  m.  N.  E.  Boston,  130  N.  E. 
London.     Lon.  0°  18'  W.  Lat.  53°  5'  N. 

Wainjieet,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

Waiora,  t.  Africa,  in  Kaarta.  Lon.  6°  10'  W. 
Lat.  14°  48'  N. 

Waitzen,  or  J^aitz,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Danube ; 
the  see  of  a  bishop,  72  m.  E.  S.  E.  Presburg,  100 
E.  S.  E.  Vienna.  Lon.  18°  38'  E.  Lat.  47°  29'  N. 
Pop.  8,000. 

Waitzenkirch,  t.  Austria,  4  m.  W.  N.  W.  Effer- 
ding. 

Waitsjield,  p-t.  Washington  co  Vt.  11  m.  S.  W. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  647. 

WaiCs  river,  Vt.  which  runs  into  the  Connecti- 
cut at  Bradford. 

Wakari,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  20°  47'  E.  Lat.  60°  51'  N. 

Wakatomika,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Musk- 
ingum, 13  m.  above  Zanesville. 

Wake,  inland  co.  of  N.  C.  Pop.  17,585,  includ- 
ing 5,878  slaves.     Chief  town,  Raleigh. 

Wakefield,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  on  the  Calder. 
Great  quantities  of  woollen  cloth  are  manufactur- 
ed in  the  town  and  neighborhood.  8  m.  S.  Leeds, 
184  N.  London.  Lon.  1"  30'  W.  Lat.  53°  40'  N. 
Pop.  8,131. 

Wakefield,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  35  m.  N. 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,166. 

Wakefield,  Lower,  t.  Buck's  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,089. 

Wakefield,  Upper,  t.  Buck's  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,271, 

Wakkamaiv,  r.  which  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same 

name  in  N.  Carolina,  and  flowing  a  southerly 

course  70  or  80  miles,  empties  into  Winyaw  bay 

at  Georgetown,  S.  C. 

Wakiia,  small  isl,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  21°  15'  E.  Lat.  60°  45'  N. 

Walachia,  province,  Eu.  Turkey,  bounded  N. 
by  Moldavia,  and  Transylvania,  E.by  Bessarabia, 
S.  by  Bulgai-ia,  and  W.  by  the  bannat  of  Temes- 
var  and  "Transylvaaia,     Extent  24,658  sq.  miles. 


774 


W  A  L 


W  A  L 


Population,  950,000.  The  air  is  temperate,  the 
soil  very  fruitful,  particularly  in  grain,  wine,  and 
melons ;  graziery  here,  too,  is  very  considerable  ; 
but  its  principal  reputation  is  for  excellent  horses. 
The  inhabitants  are  principally  of  the  Greek  re- 
ligion, but  there  are  many  Mahometans  inter- 
mixed- 

Walbeck,  t.  Germany,  24  m.  S.  Halbcrstadt. 

JValcheren,  isl.  Netherlands,  about  13  miles  from 
N.  to  S.  and  8  from  E.  to  W. ;  situated  in  the  Ger- 
man Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scheld.  Middle- 
burg  is  the  capital.     Lon.  3°  29'  E.  Lat.  51°  34'  N. 

Walcour,  t.  Netherlands,  on  the  Heure,  21  ra. 
W.  S.  W.  Namur,  9  S.  Charleroy. 

Wald,  t,  Germany,  4  m.  N.  VV.  Solingen,  9  E.  S. 
E.  Dusseldorp. 

fValdauy  i.  Silesia,  3  m.  N.  W.  Lignitz. 

Waldawy  t.  Prussia,  8  m.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Waldburg,  t.  and  castle,  Germany,  in  Wur- 
temburg,  which  gives  name  to  a  county,  between 
the  Iller  and  the  Danube,  7  m.  N.  Wangen,  35  S. 
S.  W.  Ulm. 

Waldecky  principality,  Germany,  formed  in  1815, 
out  of  the  former  counties  of  Waldeck  and  Pyr- 
mont.  It  contains  476  square  miles,  51,877  in- 
habitants, and  has  a  revenue  of  40,000^,  See 
Waldeck  county  and  Pyrmont. 

Waldeck,  formerly  a  county  of  Germany,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  bishopric  of  Paderborn,  E.  by  Hesse, 
S.  by  Hesse,  and  W.  by  the  dutchy  of  Westphalia. 
It  lies  between  51°  and  51°  25'  N.  lat.  and  between 
8°  35'  and  9°  10'  E.  lon.  The  number  of  sq.  miles 
is  440,  and  the  population  47,500. 

Waldeck,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of 
Waldeck,  18  m.  W.  S.  W,  Casscl,  80  E.  Cologn. 
Lon.  9°  2'  E.  Lat.  51°  13'  N.     Pop.  1,000. 

Waldeck,  (Hofien,)  t.  Bavaria,  30  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Munich,  27  S.  Wasserburg. 

Walden.     See  Saffro)i  Waldcn. 

Walden,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  455. 

Walden' s  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea. 
Lon.  18°  10'  E.  Lat.  80°  37'  N . 

Waldenburg,  t.  Wurtemburg,  6  m.  E.  Ohrin- 
gen. 

Waldenburg,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda.  The 
old  town  of  Waldenburg,  which  lies  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Mulda,  is  famous  for  its  earthen  ware. 
44  m.  W.  Dresden,  9  N.  Zwickau.  Lon.  12°  21' 
E.  Lat.  50°  48'  N.     Pop.  3,400. 

Waldenburg,  t.  Switz.  in  Bale,  15  m.  S.  Bale,  15 
N.  E.  Soleure. 

Waldenburg,  or  Wallenburg,  t.  Silesia,  8  m.  S. 
W.  Schweidnitz,  18  S.  Jauer,  Lon.  16°  5'  E.  Lat. 
50°35'N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Waldenses,  a  people  inhabiting  the  vallies  of 
Piedmont,  who  endured  most  dreadful  persecu- 
tions during  the  dark  ages  of  the  Church  on  ac- 
count of  their  attachment  to  Christianity.  In 
1814,  they  were  about  17,000  in  number. 

Waldheim,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Zschopa,  25  m.  S. 
E.  Leipsic,  28  W.  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  51'  E.  Lat. 
51°  4' N.     Pop.  1,600. 

Waldkirch,i.  Baden,  on  the  Elsach,6  m.N.Fri- 
burg,  30  S.  S.  E.  Strasburg.  Lon.  8°  E.  Lat.  48° 
T  N.     Pop.  2,033. 

Waldmunchen,  t.  Bavaria,  30  m.  N.  E.  Ratis- 
bon,  28  E.  S.  E.  Amberg.     Pop.  1,144. 

Waldoborough,  p-t.  and  port  of  entry,  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  22  ra.  N.  E.  Wiscasset,  180  N-  E.  Bos- 
ton. Pop.  2,160.  Amount  of  shipping  in  1816, 
19,882  tons. 

Waldsaxcn,  or  Waldsach,  t.  Bavaria,  formerly 


imperial,  4  m.  S.  S.  W.  Egra,  25  E.  BayreuU,.. 
Pop.  1,100. 

Waldshut,  t.  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  19  m.  Vv' 
Schaffhausen,  26  E.  Bale.     Pop.  1,023. 

Waldstader  Sec,  or  Lake  of  Lucern,  ov  Lake  of 
the  four  Cantons,  one  of  the  largest  lakes  of  Swit- 
zerland, extending  from  Lucern  to  Altorff,  20 
miles.     The  river  Reuss  passes  through  it. 

Walen,  {El,)  t.  Africa,  in  Twat,  115  m.  W.  Ga- 
damis.     Lon.  3°  30'  E.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. 

Wales,  {Principality  of,)  country,  constituting 
a  part  of  Great  Britain,  bounded  N.  and  W.  by 
the  Irish  sea,  E.  by  England,  and  S.  by  the  Sev- 
ern and  the  Bristol  channel  ;  about  150  miles 
from  N.  to  S.  and  from  50  to  80  broad.  Extent, 
8,125  square  miles.  The  country  is  mountainous, 
but  not  barren,  producing  all  the  necessaries  of 
life  ;  the  air  is  good,  the  cattle  and  sheep  are  nu- 
merous, but  small.  In  the  mountains  are  found 
ores  of  various  metals,  free  stone,  limestone,  and 
coal.  Pop.  632,600.  The  eldest  son  of  the  king 
of  England  is  always  created  prince  of  Wales. 

Wales,  (JVew,)  a  name  sometimes  given  to  a 
part  of  North  America,  situated  to  the  S.  E.  and  S. 
W.  of  Hudson's  Bay,  and  divided  into  North  and 
South. 

Wales,  Mw  South.     See  J^eiv  South  Wales. 

Wales,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  26  m.  N.  W.  Wis- 
casset.     Pop.  471. 

Wales,  i.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

Walet,  city  of  Africa,  and  cap.  of  Beeroo,  250 
m.  W.  I^ombuctou.  Lon.  2°  45'  W.  Lat.  15° 
45'  N. 

Walford,  t.  Grenville  co.  Upper  Canada. 

Walgrund,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  one  of 
the  Quarken  Islands,  10  miles  long.  Lou.  20*  58' 
E.  Lat.  63°  13'  N. 

Walhausen,  t.  Swiaserland,  10  m.  W.  Lucerne. 

Walkenried,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick, 8  m.  N.  W.  Nordhausen,  44  N.N.  W.  Er- 
furt. 

Walker,  p-t.  Centre  co.  Pa.     Pop.  553. 

Walker'' s  Key.  one  of  the  small  Bahama  Islands, 
Lon.  78°  54'  W.Lat.  26°50'N. 

Walker's  Cove,  harbour  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
America,  in  Behm's  canal.  Lon.  229°  20'  E.  Lat. 
55°42'N. 

Walkertown,  p-t.  King  and  Queen  co.  Va.  on 
the  Mattapony,  120  m.  from  Washington. 

Wallabout,  or  Wallaboght,  the  N.  E.  part  of 
Brooklyn,  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  It  is  the  site  of 
a  navy  yard  of  the  U.  States.  Here  are  deposited 
the  remains  of  about  10,000  prisoners  of  war,  who 
perished  on  board  the  Jersey,  a  British  prison-ship 
stationed  at  this  place. 

Wallace  Toim,  t.  Scotland,  in  Ayrshire,  3  m.  N. 
E.  Ayi'- 

Wallasca,  isl.  in  the  German  sea,  on  the  coast 
of  Essex,  at  the  mouths  of  the  Coin  and  Black  Wa- 
ter.    Lon.  0°  48'  E.  Lat.  5 1°  38'  N. 

Wallenburg,  or  Walenburg,  t.  SAvisserland,  in 
Bale,  12  m.  S.  Bale,  15  E.  N.  E.  Soleure. 

Wallenstadl,  t.  Swisserland,  near  the  east  end 
of  Wallenstadt  Lake.  It  is  a  great  thorougl)fare 
for  goods  to  and  from  Italy.  35  m.  E.  S.  E.  Zu- 
rich, 8  W.  Sargans. 

Wallenstadt,  lake,  Swisserland,  9  m.  S.  Utz- 
nach. 

Wallerstein,  t.  Germany,  with  a  castle,  4  m.  N. 
Nordlingen,  6  S,  W.  Oettingen. 

Wallingford,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  on  the 
Thames.    It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 


W  A  L 


WAN 


775 


and  has  two  markets  weekly.  12  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ox- 
ford, 46  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  7'  W.  Lat.  51° 
36'  N. 

Wcdlingford,  p-t,  Rutland  co.  Vt.  25  m.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,386. 

Wallingford,  p-t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  13  m.  N. 
E.  New-Haven,  23  S.  W.  Hartford.  Pop.  2,325. 
It  contains  an  academy,  and  5  churches,  2  for 
Congregationalist?,  and  1  each  for  Baptists,  Epis- 
copalians and  Methodists. 

Wallis's  Bay  or  Harbour,  bay  in  the  straits  of 
Magellan,  12  m.  i\.  E.  Cape  Forward. 

Widlis's  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
New  Ireland,  at  the  entrance  of  Gower's  Harbor, 
9  m.  N.  W.  Cape  St.  George. 

Wains' s  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  ocean,  sur- 
rounded by  a  reef  of  rocks.  Lon.  177°  W.  Lat. 
13°  18'  S. 

Walliskofcn,  v.  Swisserland,  1  m.  S.  W.  Zu- 
rich.. 

Wallkill,  r.  which  rises  in  New-Jersey,  and  af- 
ter a  course  of  80  miles,  joins  the  Hudson,  at 
Kingston,  N.  Y. 

Wallkill,  p-t  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  W.  New- 
burg,  118  from  Albany.     Pop.  4,213. 

Walloe,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Ivory  coast.  Lon.  4" 
55' W.Lai.  .5"  20' N. 

Wallsey,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands.  Lon.  1°  5' 
W.  Lat.  60°  35'  N. 

WaWsEnd,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  famous 
for  its  collieries.     5  m.  E.  N,  F>.  Newcastle. 

Walmcrsley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  4  ra.  N.  Bol- 
ton. 

Walney,  narrow  isl.  in  the  Irish  sea,  separated 
from  the  coast  of  Lancashire,  by  a  narrow  channel. 
Lon.  3°  10'  W.  Lat.  54°  3'  N. 

Walnut,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  N.  E.  Lan- 
caster, 

Walnut,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  7 
m.  above  Circleville, 

Walnut,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  11  m.  S.  Gallipolis. 
Walnut  branch,  p-v.  Faquier  co.  Va. 
Walnut,  Big,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Scio- 
to, 10  m.  below  Columbus. 

Walnut  creek,  r.  Cattaraugus  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  into  Lake  Erie. 

Walnut  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Scioto,  6  m.  above  Circleville. 
Walnut  Grove,  p-v.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 
Walnut  hill,  p-v.  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 
Walnut  hills,  p-v.  and  fort,  Warren  co.  Missis- 
sippi,  on  xMississippi  river,  12  m.  below  the  Yazoo, 
134  above  Natchez. 

Walpach,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  river, 
50  m.  N.  W.  New  Brunswick.     Pop.  591. 

Wulpo,  or  Walpon,  t.  Sclavonia,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  Drave,  defended  by  an  an- 
cient castle.     20  m.  N.  W.  Eszek. 

Walpole,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie. 

Walpole,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  at  Bellows  Falls,  11  m.  S.  Charlestown, 
12  N.  W.  Keene.     Pop.  1,894. 

Walpole,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  20  m.  S.  W.  Bos- 
ton.     Pop.  1,098. 

Walsall,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  situated  on  a 
small  river,  called  Walsall  Water,  which  soon  af- 
ter runs  intothe  Tame.  It  has  manufactures,  chief- 
ly of  buckles,  bridle-bits,  stirrups,  otiier  articles 
for  saddlers',  and  hardware  in  general.  10  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Birmingham,  126  N.  N.  W.  Loudon.  Lon. 
1°  58'  W.  Lat.  52°  34'  N.     Pop.  1 1,189. 

Walsham,  or  JVorth  Walsham,  t.  Eng.  in  Xor- 


folk,  14  m.  N.  N.  E.  Norwich,  123  N.  N.  E.  Lon^ 
don.     Lon.  1°  23' E.  Lat.  52°  49' N. 

Walsingham,  (JVeic,  or  Great,)  U  Eng.  in  Nor- 
folk CO.  22  m.  N.  E.  Lynn,  1 16  N.  N.  E.  London. 
Lon.  0°  53'  E.  Lat.  52°  53'  N. 

Walsingham,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
Lake  Erie. 

Walsingham,  Cape,  on  the  E.  coast  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, at  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  into  Cumber- 
land straits.     Lon.  66°  W.  Lat.  64°  10'  N. 

Walsingham,  Cape,  at  the  S.  E.  extremity  of 
Hale  island,  at  the  entrance  of  Frobisher's  straits. 
Lon.  64"  58'  W.  Lat.  62°  50'  N. 

Walsrode,  i.  e.  Walo''s  Cross,  t.  Germany,  3  m. 
N.  W.  Zell,  36  S.  W.  Luneburg.  Lon.  9°  35'  E. 
Lat.  52°  54' N.     Pop.  2,237. 

Waltershausen,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Gotha,  4 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Gotha,  13  S.  E.  Eisenach.  Lon.  10° 
38'  E.  Lat.  50°  56'  N.     Pop.  3,000. 

Waltham  Abbey,  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the  river 
Lee,  which  separates  it  from  Waltham  cross,  12 
m.  N.  London. 

Waltham  on  the  Wold,  t.  Eng.  in  Leicestershire, 
18  m.  S.  E.  Nottingham,  110  N.  London.  Lon.  0° 
48'  W.  Lat.  52°  50'  N. 

Waltham,  (JVest,)  or  Waltham  Cross,t.  Eng. on 

the  W.  side  of  the  river  Lee,  partly  in  Middlesex 

and  Hertfordshire,  11  m.  N.  London,  10  S.  Ware. 

Waltham,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek,  30 

m.  S.  Burlington.     Pop.  244. 

Waltham,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Charles 
river,  11  m.  W.  N.  W.  Boston.  Pop.  1,014.  It 
contains  several  extensive  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, including  1  woollen  and  2  cotton  man- 
ufactories. 

Waltham,  (Great,)  t.  Eng.  in  Essex,  4  m.  N.  E. 
Chelmsford. 

Walthamstow,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  6  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Ijondon. 

Walton  upon  Thames,  t.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the 
Thames,  18  m.  W.  S.  W.London. 

Walton,i.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  3m.  S.  W.  Ches-, 
terfield. 

Walt07i  le  Dale,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  W, 
Blackburn. 

Walton,  v.  Eng.  in  Glocester,  1  m.  E.  Tewkes- 
bury. 

Walton,  p-t.  Delaware  co,  N.  Y,  15  m.  S.  W.. 
Delhi,  85  from  Albany.     Pop.  1,311. 

Walton,  CO.  Geo.  Pop.  1,026,  including  60 
slaves. 

Waltungi,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  25°  E.  Lat.  65°  34'  N. 

Wamar,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the 
W,  coast  of  Aroo.    Lon,  134°  57'  E.  Lat,  5°  30'  S. 
Wampool,  or  Wampul,  r,  Eng.  in  Cumberland, 
which  runs  into  the  Eden,  at  its  mouth. 

Wampu,  t.  China,  on  the  river  between  Macao 
and  Canton,  where  vessels  of  different  nations  lie 
to  take  in  their  lading,  not  being  allowed  to  go  up 
higher.     7  m.  S.  Canton. 

Wanasquialucket,  r,  R,  Island,  which  runs  into 
Providence  river,  above  Providence. 

Wanda,  t.  Algiers,  in  Tremecen,  25  m.  E.  N.E. 
Fez. 

Wandipour,  t.  Bootan,  defended  by  a  citadel, 
and  considered  as  a  place  of  great  strength.  15 
m.  E.  Tassasudon.  Lon.  89°  47'  E.  Lat.  27"  50'  N. 
Wandiwash,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  38  m,  N.- 
N,  W.  Pondicherry,  27  S,  S,  E.  Arcot.  Lon.  79° 
46°  E.  Lat.  12"  31'  N. 

Warulle,  r.  Eng.  in  Surry,  which  runs  intothe 
Thames,  below  Wandsworth. 

Wondo,  r.  Charleston  district,  S,  €,  which  runs 


776 


WAR 


WAR 


into  Cooper's  river  a  few  miles  above  Charles- 
ton. 

Wandsworth,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry,  on  the  Wandle, 
5  m.  S.  VV.  London. 

Wanfried,  t.  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  on  the 
Werra,  13  m.  W.  Mulhausen,  30  S.  S.  E.  Cassel. 
Lon.  l(f  14'  E.  Lat.  51°  12'  N.     Pop.  1,700. 

Wangara^  or  Guagara,  country,  Africa,  water- 
ed by  the  Niger,  which  passes  through  it  from  W. 
to  E.  It  is  subject  to  Bornou,  which  lies  to  tlie 
north. 

JVangen,  t.  Switz.  in  Berne,  20  m.  S.  Berne. 
Wangen,  t.  Germany,  in  Wurtemburg,  on  the 
Argen,  lately  imperial.      22  m.  W.  Kempten,  12 
E.  S.  £.   Ravensburg.      Lon,  10°  50'  E.  Lat.  47" 
43'  N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Wangeroeg,  isl.  in  the  German  ocean,  12  miles 
in  circumference,  4  m.  from  the  coast  of  Friesland. 
Lon.  T  45'  E.  Lat.  53"  44'  N. 

Wangwell,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Waygoo.  Lon.  131°  35'  E.  Lat.  0° 
23' S. 

Wansen,  t.  Silesia,  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ohlau,  11  S. 
W.  Brieg.     Pop.  800. 

Wantage,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  13  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Oxford,  60  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  21'  W.  Lat.  51" 
35' N. 

Wantage,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  15  m.  N.  Newtown. 
Pop.  2,969. 

Wantsenau,  t  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  6  ra.  N. 
Strasburg. 

Wanzleben,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  10  m. 
W.  S.  W.  xMagdeburg.     Pop.  2, 1 00. 

Wapakoneila,  Indian  town,  Ohio,  on  the  Aug- 
laize. 

Wapattoo  island,  in  Columbia  river,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Multnomah.  It  is  20  miles  long  and 
10  broad. 

Wappmger''s  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the 
Hudson,  8  m.  below  Poughkeepsie. 

Wappinger's  creek,  p-v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
Wappo,  t.  Africa,  on  the  Grain  coast.     Lon.  8° 
20' W.  Lat.  4°  55' N. 

Wappocomo,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Poto- 
mac, 9  m.  E.  S.  E.  Fort  Cumberland. 

Wapuwagun  Islands,  islands  near  the  coast  of 
Labrador.     Lon.  60"  14'  W.  Lat.  50°  2'  N. 

Wara,  city,  Africa,  cap.  of  Bergoo,  35  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Bornou.     Lon.  25°  30'  E.  Lat.  15"  30'  N. 

Warang,  or  Formosa,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Guinea.     Lon.  16°  28'  W.  Lat.  11°  26'  N. 

Warangoie,  t.  Hind,  in  Golconda,  45m.  N.N.  E. 
Hydrabad,  220  E.  Visiapour.  Lon.  79°  15'  E. 
Lat.  17°  55'  N. 

Warberg,  or  Warburg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Westphalia.  It  was  formerly  imperial,  and  one 
of  the  Han?e  towns.  16  m.  S.  S.  E.  Paderborn. 
Lon.  9°  1  r  E.  Lat.  51°  37'  N.     Pop.  2,300. 

Warberg,  s-p.  Sweden,  with  a  harbour  on  the 
North  sea,  which  at  present  has  only  depth  enough 
for  small  vessels.  It  carries  on  considerable  trade. 
32  m.  N.  N.  W.  Halmstadt,  34  S.  Gotheborg. 
Lon.  12°  4' E.  Lat.  57°  7' N. 

Ward,  r.  Denmark,  in  North  Jutland,  whicli 
runs  into  the  North  sea,  15  ni.  N.  N.  W.  Ripen. 

Ward,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  7  m.  S.  Worces- 
ter, 45  W.  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  540. 

Wardan,  or  Ras  Wardan,  cape  on  the  coa^t  of 
Arabia,  in  the  Red  sea,  5  m.  S.  Mastura. 

Wardbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Alan, 
5  m.  N.  N.  E.  Bodmin,  241  W.  S.  W.  London. 
Lon.  4"  40'  W.  Lat.  50°  33'  N. 


Warde,  or  Varde,  t.  Denmark,  iu  North  Jutland^ 
on  the  river  Ward,  18  m.  N.  Ripen.  Lon.  8°  28' 
E.  Lat.  55°  35' N. 

Wardein  Gros,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  river  Koros, 
surrounded  by  good  fortifications ;  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  The  adjoining  fortress  is  a  regular  penta- 
gon, well  fortified,  besides  a  deep  and  broad  moat. 
Pop.  4,000.  66  m'.  N.  Temesvar,  54  W.  Colosvar. 
Lon.  21°  32'  E.  Lat.  46°  53'  N. 

Warden  Ledge,  rocky  shoal  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  isle  of  Wight.  Lon.  1"  23'  W.  Lat.  50°  41'  N. 
Wardhus,  or  Wardkuys,  or  Vardhuys,  t.  Nor- 
wegian Lapland,  and  chief  place  of  a  government, 
defended  by  a  castle.  Lon.  30°  28'  E.  Lat  70° 
16' N. 

Wardo,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  E.  of  Aland. 
Lon.  20°  12'  E.  Lat.  60°  15'  N. 

Wardour  Castle,  an  ancient  castle  of  England, 
in  Wiltshire,  18  m.  W.  Salisbury, 

Wardsborough,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  38  m.  S. 
Windsor.     Pop.  2,033. 

Wardsbridge,  p-v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
Wardwell,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
Ware,  t.  Eng.  in  Herts,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
river  Lea ;  a  town  of  very  considerable  trade,  es- 
pecially in  malt,  of  which  it  is  said  5,000  quarters 
have  been  sometimes  sent  in  one  week  to  London 
by  the  barges.  3  m.  E.  Hertford,  21  N.  London. 
Lat.  51°  49' x\.     Pop.  3,369. 

Ware,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  21  m.  S.  E. 
Northampton.     Pop.  996. 

Ware,  r.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  which  receives 
the  Quaboag,  at  Brookfield,  and  takes  the  name 
of  Chicapee. 

Waree,  t.  Africa,  capital  of  a  country  of  the 
same  name,  60  m.  S.  Benin.  Lon.  4°  48'  E.  Lat, 
5"  25'  N. 

Wareham,  t,  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Frome,  where  it  empties  itself  int© 
Pool  harbor.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
10  m.  W.  S.  W.  Pool,  114  S.  W.  London.  Lon. 
2°  14'  W.  Lat.  50°  40'  N. 

Wareham,  p-t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass,  on  the  sea 
coast,  17  m.  S.  Plymouth.     Pop.  851. 

Waren,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Lapland.     Lat.  66°  48'  N. 

Warendorff,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia, 
on  the  Ems,  12  m.  S.  E.  Munster.  Lon.  8°  6'  E, 
Lat,  51°  52'  N.     Pop.  3,900. 

Waresias,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  21°  4'  E.  Lat.  60°  43'  N. 

Wargela,  t.  Africa,  in  Sahara,  250  m.  N.  W. 
Agades.     Lon.  9°  50'  E.  Lat.  23°  35'  N. 

Wargo,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  near 
the  E.  coast.     Lon.  20°  57'  E.  Lat.  63°  N. 

Wargo,  small  isl.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  21°  47'  E.  Lat.  65°  17'  N. 

Wargrave,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Thames,  7  m.  N.  E.  Reading. 

Wariba,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, in  lon.  59°  8'  W.  Lat.  6"  54'  N. 

Warin,  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
in  lon.  36°  58'  W.  Lat.  4°  55'  S. 

Wark,  V.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  near  the 

Tweed,  11  m.  N.  W.  WoUcr,  3  S.  W.Coldstream. 

Warkworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland  co.  on 

the  Coquet,  14  m.  N.  Morpeth,  300  N.  London. 

Pop.  614. 

Warlax,  small  isl.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lon.  21°  29*  E.  Lat.  63°  18'  N. 

Warley,  t.  Eng.  m  Yorkshire,  3;n.  N.  W.  Hal- 


W  A  R 


W  A  R 


777 


tVarmbrunii,  t.  Silesia,  celebrated  for  its  warm 
baths,  3  m.  S.  S.  W.  Hirschberg.     Pop.  1,900. 

Warmeland,  province,  in  the  old  division  of 
Sweden,  bounded  N.  by  Norway  and  the  province 
of  Ddlecarlia ;  E.  by  VVestmanland  and  Nericia, 
S.  by  the  Wenner  lake,  and  W.  by  Norway. 

fVamdnster,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  22  m.  W.  S. 
W.  Salisbury,  97  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  11' 
W.  Lat.  5ri2'N. 

Warminster,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  564. 

Warminster,  p-t.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on  James  riv- 
er, 90  m.  above  Richmond. 

Warm  Spring  Mountains,  or  Jackson's  Moun- 
tains, ridge  of  the  Alleghany  mountains,  in  Va. 

Warm  Springs  of  Buncombe.     See  Buncombe. 

Warm  Springs,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa. 

Warm  Springs,  t.  Clarke  co.  Arkansaw  Terri- 
tory, on  the  Wachitta.  The  springs  are  about  30 
in  number,  are  highly  medicinal,  and  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids. 

Warmsiadt,  or  Wormit,  t.  Prussia,  42  m.  S.  S. 
W.  Konigsberg.  Lon.  20"  7' E.  Lat.  54°  3' N. 

Warne,  or  Warnow,  r.  Mecklenburg,  which 
passes  by  Rostock,  and  runs  into  the  Baltic,  at 
Warnemunde. 

Wame^  r.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  which  runs 
into  the  Irish  sea,  4  m.  S.  Holy  Island. 

Warnemunde,  t.  Mecklenburg- Schweriu,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Warne,  9  m.  N.  Rostock. 

Warner,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  13  m.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,838. 

Wameton,  t.  Netherlands,  2  posts  N.  W.  Lille, 
2  S.  E.  Ypres. 

Wamess,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Eday,  Lon.  2°  42'  W,  Lat.  59°  N. 

Wamitz,  t.  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  near  Ben- 
der. 

Warranarou,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent.  Lon.  61°  11' W.  Lat.  13° 
22' N. 

Warren,  p-t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  30  m.  E.  Wis- 
casset.     Pop.  1,443. 

Warren,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  50  m.  N.  Concord. 
Pop.  506. 

Warren,  t.  AJdison  co.  Vt. 

Warren,  p-t.  Bristol  co.  R.  Island,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Warren  river,  11  m.  S.  E.  Providence,  19  from 
Newport.  Pop.  1,775.  The  village  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  about  180  houses,  2  church- 
es, an  academy,  and  a  bank.  The  amount  of 
shipping  owned  here  is  about  3,000  tons. 

Warren,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  38  m.  from  Hart- 
ford, 45  from  New  Haven.     Pop.  1,096. 

Warren,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Essex  co.  E. 
by  Washington  co.  S.  by  Saratoga  co-  and  W.  by 
Hamilton  co.  Pop.  1,465.  Chief  town,  Caldwell. 

Warren,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.Y.  10  m.  S.  Her- 
kimer, 15  N.  Otsego,  70  W.  Albany.     Pop.  3,974. 

Warren,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,354. 

Warren,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  New- 
York,  S.  by  Venango  co.  and  W.  by  Crawford  co. 
Pop.  827. 

Warren,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Pa.  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Alleghany,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Connewango,  70  m.  E.  S.  E.  Erie.  Here  is  a  good 
harbor  for  boats. 

Warren,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  436. 

Warren,  p-t.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

Warren,  co.  N.  C.  Pop.  1 1,004,  including  6,282 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Warrenton. 

Warren,  co.  Geo.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ogechee. 
Pop,  8,725,  including  3,048  slave=.  Chief  town, 
Warrenton 

98 


Warren,  co.  Mississippi,  at  the  confluence  oi' 
Yazoo  river  with  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  in  1816, 
1,569,  including  768  slaves.  Chief  town,  War- 
renton. 

Warren,  co.  W.  Tennessee.  Pop.  5,725,  inclu- 
ding 476  slaves.     Chief  town,  Mac  Minville. 

Warren,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  11,937,  including  1,498 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Bowling  Green. 

Warren,  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Little  Miami.  Pop. 
in  1815, 12,065.     Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

Warren,  p-t.  and  cap.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Mahoning,  45  m.  S.  E.  Fairport,  on  lake  Erie, 
77  N.  W.  Pittsburg.  It  has  about  100  houses,  a 
court-house  and  jail,  bank,  Presbyterian  church, 
and  is  a  thriving  town. 

Warren,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  6  m. 
below  Steubenville.     Pop.  in  1815,  2,340. 

Warren,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Clairsville.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,310. 

Warren,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Warren,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river, 
3  m.  below  Marietta. 

Warrenburg,  p-t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 7  m.  W.  Caldwell.     Pop.  887. 

Warrenburg,  p-t.  Jackson  co.  Tennessee. 

Warren's  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Duke  of  Clarence's  straits.  Lon. 
226°  22' E.  Lat.  55°  56' N. 

Warrenton,  t.  and  cap.  Faquier  co.  Va.  40  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Fredericksburg.  It  is  handsomely  built, 
and  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  two 
churches. 

Warrenton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  N.  C.  16 
m.  E.  Hillsborough,  56  N.  N.  E.  Raleigh,  83  S. 
Petersburg,  Va.  It  stands  in  an  elevated,  healthy 
situation,  and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  Meth- 
odist church,  and  2  academies. 

Warrenton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Geo.  55 
m.  N.  N.  E.  Milledgeville.  Pop.  123.  Here  is 
an  academy. 

Warrenton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Mississip- 
pi, on  Mississippi  river,  18  m.  below  Walnut 
Hills. 

Warrentown,  p-v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  14  m.  below  Steubenville. 

Warrington,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancaster  co.  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Mersey.  Plere  is  a  large  manufacture 
of  sail  cloth  and  sacking.  Copper  smelting  fur- 
naces, glass-houses,  and  cotton  manufactories  have 
also  been  established.  18  m.  E.  Liverpool,  184 
N.  N.  W.  London.     Pop.  11,738. 

Warrington,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop. 429. 

Warrington,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,105. 

Warriore,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  32  m.  N.  N, 
E.  Tanjore,  55  S.  W.  Pondicherry.  Lon.  79°  26' 
E.  Lat.  11°  16' N. 

Warrior^ s  Mark,  t  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
672. 

Warsaw,  city,  in  the  new  kingdom  of  Poland,  on 
the  Vistula,  surrounded  vrith  a  moat  and  double 
wall,  and  consists  of  Old  and  New  Town,  and  two 
suburbs,  Kraka  and  Praga.  The  general  diets  ol 
Poland  were  usually  held  here,  as  well  as  the  pro- 
vincial assembly,  and  court  of  judicature.  Here 
are  several  elegant  stone  buildings  and  palaces,  a 
great  number  of  beautiful  churches  and  convents, 
a  hospital,  and  an  arsenal.  150  m.  S.  Konigsberg. 
Lon.  21°  9'  E.  Lat.  52°  12'  N.     Pop.  64,  421. 

Warsaw,  p-t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  S.  Bata- 
via.     Pop.  1,317. 

Warsaw,  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Geoi^ia,  16  miles 
in  circumference.    Loq.  81°  8'  W.  Lat,  32°  52'  N. 


im 


WAS 


Warsaw,  t.  Harrison  co.  Indiana,  on  the  Ohio, 
14  m.  from  Corydon. 

Warta,  r.  which  rises  near  Cracow,  and  runs 
into  the  Oder  at  Custrin. 

JVartenberg,  t  Bavaria,  24  m.  N.  E.  Munich. 

Wartenberg,  t.  Silesia,  and  cap.  of  a  lordship  of 
the  same  name,  14  m.  N.  E.  Oels,  28  N.  N.  E. 
Brieg.  Lon.  17°  45'  E.  Lat.  61"  18'  N.  Pop. 
1,700. 

Wartenburg,  castle,  Bavarian  circle  of  the 
Rhine,  6  m.  N.  E.  Lautern. 

Wartenburg,  t.  Prussia,  63  m.  S.  Konigsberg,  52 
E.Elbing.   Lon.  20"  40' E.   Lat.  53"  43' N. 

Wartenberg,  t.  Silesia,  18  m.  N.  W.  Gros  Glo- 
gau,  10  S.  E.  Grunberg.  Lon.  15°  45'  E.  Lat. 
51°  62'  N. 

Wartha,  t.  Silesia,  on  the  Neisse,  6  m.  N.  E. 
Glatz,  13  W.  S.  W.  Munsterberg.  Lon.  16°  35'  E. 
Lat.  50°  20'  N.     Fop.  800. 

Warwick,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwickshire,  on  the 
Avon.  Here  is  a  strong  castle,  formerly  the  seat 
of  the  earls  of  Warwick.  10  m.  S.  S.  W.  Coven- 
try, 93  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  35'  W.  Lat.  52° 
n  N.  Pop.  6,497. 

Warwick,  co.  Eng.  bounded  N.  E.  by  Leices- 
tershire, E.  by  Northamptonshire,  S.  by  Ox- 
fordshire and  Gloucestershire,  W.  by  Worcester- 
shire, and  N.  W.  by  Staffordshire ;  50  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.    Pop.  228,735. 

Warwick,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Warwick,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  33 
m.  S.  E.  Three  Rivers. 

Warwick,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  12  m.  E. 
Greenfield.     Pop.  1,227. 

Warwick,  t.  and  cap.  Kent  co.  R.  L  on  the  N. 
W.  arm  of  Narraganset  bay,  with  a  good  harbor 
for  vessels  offrom  20  to  50  tons.  Pop.  3,757.  It 
is  extensively  engaged  in  manufactures,  having, 
beside  smaller  manufactures,  no  less  than  15  cot- 
ton factories,  containing  together  18,000  spindles. 
It  has  also  some  shipping  employed  in  the  coasting 
trade.  Here  are  2  incorporated  banks.  The  vil- 
lage of  Apponaug  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  town,  10 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Providence,  and  contains  about  50 
houses,  an  academy,  and  a  Baptist  church. 

Warwick,  p-t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  Go- 
shen, 54  N.  New- York,  120  S.  Albany.  Pop. 
3,978.     It  has  extensive  iron  works. 

Warwick,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,287. 

Warwick,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Pop.  4,339. 

Warwick,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  9  m.  N.  E.  George- 
town. 

Warwick,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  York  co.  E.  by 
Elizabeth  city  co.  S.  by  James  river,  and  W. 
by  James  city  co.  Pop.  1,835,  including  1,120 
slaves. 

Warwick,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on  the  S.  side 
of  James  river,  5  m.  below  Richmond. 

Warwick,  co.  Indiana,  on  Ohio  river.  Pop.  ia 
1815, 3,000.     Chief  town,  Darlington. 

Wasa,  or  Vasa,  seaport,  Russia,  50  m.  N.  Abo. 
Lon.  21°  29'  E.  Lat.  63°  5'  N.     Pop.  2, 178. 

Washes,  The,  lands  on  the  coast  of  England,  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Norfolk  and  Lincoln,  which 
are  passable  at  low  water,  but  overflowed  by  eve- 
ry tide.  They  are  dangerous  to  strangers,  who 
are  unacquainted  with  the  quick-sands. 

Washington,  co.  Maihe,  bounded  E.  by  New- 
Brunswick,  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Penob- 
scot and  Hancock  counties?.'  Pop.  7,870.  Chief 
town,  aiachias. 


WAS 

Washington,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  20  m.  N- 
W.  Castine. 

Washington,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  27  m.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  820. 

Washington,  co.  Vt.  inclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Orleans,  Caledonia,  Orange,  Addison,  and  Chit- 
tenden.    Chief  town,  Montpelier. 

Washington,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  43  m.  N.  Wind- 
sor.    Pop.  1,040. 

Washington,  Mount,  the  highest  summit  of  the 
White  Mountains,  N.  H. 

Washington,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  8  m,  E. 
Lenox.     Pop.  942. 

Washington,  co.  R.  I.  bounded  N.  by  Kent  co. 
E.  by  Narraganset  bay,  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  Connecticut.  Pop.  14,962.  Chief  town, 
South  Kingston. 

Washington,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  40  m.  S.  W. 
Hartford.  Pop.  1,575.  Here  are  2  mills  for  saw- 
ing marble,  2  forges,  1  slitting  mill,  1  nail  factory, 
2  trip  hammers,  4  grain  mills,  2  fulling  mills,  2 
carding  machines,  and  5  saw  mills. 

Washington,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Essex  co. 
E.  by  Vermont,  S.  by  Rensselaer  co.  and  W.  by 
the  Hudson.  Pop.  43,000.  Chief  towns,  Salem 
and  Kingsbury. 

Washington,  p-t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N. 
E.  Poughkeepsie,  80  S.  Albany.  Pop.  2,854.  Here 
is  a  respectable  Quaker  boarding  school,  with  a 
building  3  stories  high  for  the  accommodation  of 
100  scholars. 

Washington,  v.  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  opposite  Troy.  Here  is  a  U.  States  arse- 
nal. 

Washington,  p-t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,793. 
Washington,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  1,273. 
Washington,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Alleghan% 
CO.  and  W'.  by  Brooke  co.     Pop.  36,289. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Penn 
on  one  of  the  head  branches  of  Chartier's  creek, 
26  m.  S.  W.  Pittsburg,  32  E,  N.  E.  Wheeling,  25 
N.  W.  Brownsville.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  sur 
rounded  by  a  fertile  and  well  cultivated  countr\ 
and  contained  in  1818,  an  elegant  court-house,  ;. 
college,  2  banks,  2  printing  offices,  a  large  steam 
flour  mill,  besides  other  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, 400  dwelling  houses,  and  more  than  2,000 
inhabitants.  Washington  college  was  established 
in  this  place  about  15  years  since,  and  had  in  1817, 
a  president,  2  professors,  a  library  and  philosoph- 
ical apparatus,  and  about  100  students  connected 
with  it,  either  as  undergraduates,  or  as  pursuing 
preparatory  studies.  The  course  of  education  is 
completed  in  three  years.  The  college  edifice  is 
of  stone,  and  three  stories  high. 

Washington,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,160. 
Washington,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.     Pop.  2,709. 
Washington,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop.  755. 
Washington,   t.   Lancaster  co.    Pa.  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Susquehannah,  3  m.  below  Columbia. 
Washington,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.     Pop.  675. 
Washington,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
438. 

Washington,  t,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,695. 

Washington,  t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  441. 
Washington,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Pennsyl- 
vania, E.  by  Frederick  CO.  S.  by  the  Potomac,  and 
W.  by  Alleghany  co.      Pop.    18,730,   including 
2,656  slaves.     Chief  town,  Elizabethtown. 

Washington  City,  in  the  district  of  Columbia, 
the  metropolis  of  the  United  States  of  America,  is 


WAS 

pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  the  river 
Potomac,  at  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Eastern  branch,  300  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  3  below  the  head  of  the 
tide.  It  is  separated  from  Georg;etown  on  the 
iV.  W.  by  Rock  creek,  and  Tyber  creek  passes 
through  the  middle  of  the  city.  Washington  is 
regularly  laid  out  in  streets  running  due  north 
and  south,  intersected  by  others  at  right  angles. 
Besides  these  streets,  which  are  from  80  to  110 
feet  wide,  there  are  avenues  from  130  to  160  feet 
broad,  which  diverge  from  centres  in  various  parts 
of  the  city,  crossing  the  other  streets  transversely. 
The  avenues  are  named  after  tlie  different  States 
of  the  Union,  the  streets  which  run  east  and  west 
after  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  and  those  which 
run  north  and  south  are  numbered  1,  2,  3,  Sic. 
At  the  points  from  which  the  avenues  diverge  are 
spacious  squares.  The  ground  embraced  in  the 
plan  of  the  city  is  very  extensive,  but  only  a  small 
portion  of  it  is  yet  occupied  with  buildings. 

The  principal  public  buildings  and  establish- 
ments are — 1.  The  Capitol,  which  is  finely  situa- 
ted on  an  eminence,  commanding  a  view  of  every 
part  of  the  city,  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
adjacent  country.  According  to  the  original  plan, 
it  is  to  be  composed  of  a  central  edifice  and  two 
wings.  The  two  wings  were  in  a  considerable 
state  of  forwardness  in  1814,  when  the  British  ar- 
my under  General  Ross  gained  possession  of  the 
city  and  destroyed  them,  together  with  the  Presi- 
dent's house  and  other  public  structures,  and  an 
extensive  library  which  had  been  purchased  for 
the  use  of  Congress.  The  wings  of  the  capitol 
are  now  re-built,  and  the  central  building  has 
been  commenced.  The  wings  are  each  100  feet 
square,  and  the  whole  building  when  completed 
will  be  a  most  magnificent  edifice,  presenting  a 
front ot  362  feet.  2.  The  President's  house,  situ- 
ated about  a  mile  and  a  half  west  of  the  capitol, 
on  the  avenue  leading  to  Georgetown.  It  is  170 
feet  by  85,  and  two  stories  high.  3.  Four  spa- 
cious brick  buildings  erected  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
President's  house,  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
heads  of  the  great  departments  of  government. 
4.  A  comfortable  marine  barrack,  with  a  house 
for  the  residence  of  the  commandant  of  the  ma- 
rine corps.  5.  An  extensive  navy  yard,  situated 
on  the  Eastern  Branch,  which  forms  a  safe  and 
commodious  harbour.  Here  is  an  elegant  mar- 
ble monument,  erected  by  the  American  officers 
to  the  memory  of  their  brethren,  who  fell  before 
Tripoli.  6.  A  small  fort,  which,  from  the  ex- 
treme southern  point  of  the  land  on  which  the 
city  stands,  commands  the  channel  of  the  Poto- 
mac. And,  7.  The  general  post-office,  a  brick 
edifice,  about  a  mile  W.  N.  W.  of  the  Capitol, 
where  the  patent  office  is  also  kept.  The  style 
of  the  architecture  of  the  Capitol  is  Corinthian, 
and  that  of  the  President's  house  Ionic  ;  and  both 
buildings  are  constructed  of  free-stone.  The  capi- 
tol square  is  inclosed  by  a  strong  and  handsome  iron 
railing  ;  and  being  planted  with  trees,  and  other- 
wise ornamented,  will  afford  a  delightful  walk  for 
the  inhabitants  and  visitors  of  the  city.  Similar 
improvements  arc  going  on  at  the  president's 
square,  which  will  add  greatly  to  its  beauty  and 
accommodations. 

Besides  the  buildings  and  establishments  above 
enumerated,  Washington  contains  a  city  hall,  a 
theatre,  a  penitentiary,  a  circus,  a  masonic  hall, 
4  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  States  bank, 
a  female  orphan  asylum,  a  Lancasterian  school,  7 


WAS 


779 


printing  offices,  an  extensive  cannon  foundery,  a 
paper  mill,  a  window-glass  manufactory,  and  12 
houses  for  public  worship,  3  for  Presbyterians,  2 
for  Episcopalians,  2  for  Baptists,  2  for  Methodists, 
2  for  Catholics,  and  1  for  Friends.  Adjoining  the 
city  is  a  brick  edifice  for  a  college,  4  stories  high, 
and  117  feet  long  by  47  wide,  situated  on  elevated 
ground,  nearly  north  of  the  President's  house, 
and  commanding  an  extensive  prospect  of  the 
city,  Georgetown,  Alexandria,  the  Potomac  riv- 
er, See.  Among  the  other  literary  institutions 
are  a  medical  society,  a  botanical  society,  and  the 
Columbian  Institute,  which  consists  of  3  classes, 
viz.  mathematical  sciences,  physical  sciences, 
moral  and  political  sciences,  general  literature, 
and  the  fine  arts.  There  is  a  bridge  about  one 
mile  long  over  the  Potomac,  on  piles,  built  in 
1809;  three  over  the  Eastern  Branch,  and  two 
over  Rock  creek.  There  is  also  a  canal  con- 
necting Tyber  creek  with  the  Eastern  branch. 

The  amount  expended  by  the  U.  States  on  the 
public  buildings  previously  to  their  destruction  by 
the  British  in  August  1814,  was  $1,214,291,  and 
there  have  been  appropriated  towards  rebuilding 
the  same,  $1,207,788.  The  value  of  the  lands  be- 
longing to  the  U.  States  within  the  city  on  the  31st 
Dec.  1816,  was  estimated  at  more  than  $7,000,000, 
and  the  lots  which  had  been  sold  previously  to 
that  period  had  yielded  to  the  national  treasury 
$689,195.  The  population  of  Washington  in 
1800,  was  3,210;  in  1810,  8,208,  of  whom  2,304 
were  people  of  color.  In  1820,  the  population  was 
13,322,  and  the  number  of  houses  2,141,  of  which 
about  one  half  were  of  brick.  Lat.  38°58'N.  Lon. 
77"  2'  W.  from  Greenwich. 

Washington,  co.  in  the  S.  W.part  of  Va.  Pop. 
12,136,  including  1,448  slaves.  Chief  town,  Ab- 
ingdon. 

Washington,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 
Washington,  co.  N.  C.     Pop.  3,464,  includintj 
1,287  slaves.     Chief  town,  Plymouth. 
Washington,  p-v.  Beaufort  co.  N.  C. 
Washington,  co.  Georgia,  on  the  E.side  of  Oco- 
nee river.     Pop.  9,940,  including  3,513  slaves. 
Chief  town,  Sandersville. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wilkes  co.  Geo.  50 
m.  W.  N.  W.  Augusta.  Pop.  605.  It  is  regular- 
ly laid  out,  and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank, 
academy,  and  printing  office,  from  which  a  news- 
paper is  issued. 

Washington,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Tombigbee.    Chief  town,  St.  Stephens. 

Washington,  p-t.  Adams  co.  Mississippi,  is  on 
St.  Catherine's  creek,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Natch- 
ez, in  a  healthy  and  pleasant  situation,  and  sur- 
rounded by  wealthy  and  well  peopled  settlements. 
For  15  years  it  was  the  seat  of  government  for 
Mississippi  Territory.  Jefferson  college  in  this 
town  was  incorporated  in  1802,  and  an  edifice  170 
feet  by  40  has  been  erected  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  students.  Pop.  in  1810,  524  ;  in  1818,  es- 
timated at  1,000. 

Washington,  co.  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
N.  Carolina.  Pop.  7,740,  including  850  slaves. 
Chief  town,  Jonesborough. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Rhea  co.  E.  Tennes- 
see, on  the  W.  side  of  Tennessee  river,  75  m.  S. 
W.  Knoxville. 

Washington,  co.  Kentucky.  Pop.  13,248,  in- 
cluding 2,245  slaves.     Chief  town,  Springfield. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Mason  co.  Ken.  3  m. 
S.  W.  Maysville.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  brick  jail,  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyte- 


730 


WAT 


WAT 


rians,  of  stone,  and  1  for  Baptists,  an  academy, 
and  a  printing  office. 

Washington,  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio  river,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Muskingum  and  Ohio  rivers.  Pop. 
in  1815,  7,100.     Chief  town.  Marietta. 

Washington,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river. 

Washington,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Fayette  co.  Ohio,  40 
in.  S.  W.  Columbus,  30  N.  Chillicothe.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about  40  houses. 

Washington,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scio- 
to, 10  m.  above  Columbus,     Pop.  in  1812,  485. 

Washington,  p-t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  E. 
Cambridge. 

Washington,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

Washington,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami,  11m.  below  Dayton. 

Washington,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is 
Circleville,  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

Washington,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

Washington,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Washington,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Scioto  and  Ohio  rivers,  opposite  Ports- 
mouth. 

Washington,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

Wa^hiiLgton,  co.  Indiana.  Pop.  in  1815,  6,606. 
Chief  town,  Salem. 

Washington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Davis  co.  Indiana,  at 
the  forks  of  White  river,  20  m.  from  Vincennes. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail. 

Washington,  co.  Illinois,  on  Kaskaskias  river. 
Pop.  in  1818,  1,707.    Chief  town,  Covington. 

Washington,  co.  Missouri. 

Washington's  Islands,  islands  near  the  W.  coast 
of  N.  America,  called  Qween  Charlotte's  Islands. 

Washington  Point,  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  S.  and  E.  branches  of  Elizabeth 
river,  1  m.  above  Norfolk.  Here  is  a  U.  States 
marine  hospital  of  brick. 

Washita.     See  Wachitta. 

Washminsker  Islands,  cluster  of  islands  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  60°  W.  Lat.  50°  N. 

Wassaw  Island.     See  Warsaw. 

Wassela,  country  of  Africa,  bounded  N.  and  W. 
by  Mandinga  and  Bambarra,  E.  by  Kong,  and  S. 
by  Guinea.  Lon.  4"  60'  to  5°  45'  W.  Lat.  10°  50' 
to  12°  20'  N. 

Wassens  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin- 
china.     Lat.  12°  3'  N. 

Wasserburg,  t.  Bavaria,  with  a  castle  and  4 
churches  ;  the  chief  trade  is  in  salt,  38  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Salzburg,  30  E.  Munich.  Lon.  12°  13'  E.  Lat. 
48°  3'  N.     Pop.  2,081. 

Wassertrudingen,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Wernitz,  13 
m.  S.  Anspacb,  10  E.  Dinkensbuhl.  Lon.  10"  35' 
E.  Lat.  49"  2' N.     Pop.  1,942. 

Wasungen,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinungen, 
on  the  Werra,  3  m.  N.  Meinungen,  4  S.  W.  Smal- 
kalden.    Lon.  10"  38'  E.  Lat.  50°  41'  N.  Pop.  1,700. 

Watauga,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  Carolina,  and 
passing  into  Tennessee,  joins  the  Holston. 

Watch  point,  cape,  R.  I.  7  leagues  from  Block 
Island. 

Watcher,  J^orth,  or  -Seven  Islands,  small  islands, 
in  the  StraHs  of  Macassar,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Celebes.     Lon.  1 19°  33'  E.  Lat.  0°  27'  S. 

Watcher,  South,  small  isl.  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
cassc-r,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lon.  119° 
24'E.  Lat.0°3'S. 

Watchet,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  on  the  Bristol 
ChKunel,  formerly  a  place  of  considerable  trade, 
20  m.  N.  W.  Taunton,  153  W.  London.  Lon.  3" 
29'W.Lat.51°9'N. 


Walehoo,  isl.  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  about 
6  miles  long,  and  4  broad.  Lon.  158°  15'  W.  Lat. 
20"  1'  S. 

Water  Point,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Java.  Lon. 
114°33'E.  Lat.  7°55'S. 

Waierborough,  t.  Queen  Anne's  co.  New-Bruns- 
wick, on  the  E.  side  of  St.  John's  river. 

Waterborough,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N. 
York.     Pop.  1,395. 

Waterbury,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion 
river,  12  m.  N.  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  966. 

Waterbury,  p-t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  20  m.  from 
New-Haven.     Pop.  2,874. 

Wateree,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  Carolina,  under 
the  name  of  Catabaw,  and  passing  into  S.  Caroli- 
na, joins  the  Congaree  to  form  Santee  river. 

Water/ord,  city  and  seaport,  Ireland,  on  the  riv- 
er Suir,  whicli  soon  after  joins  the  Barrow,  and 
forms  a  bay  called  Water/ord  Harbor.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  The  commerce  with  England  and 
other  countries  is  very  considerable ;  and  packet 
boats  sail  regularly  to  and  from  Milford-Haven. 
The  principal  exports  are  beef,  pork,  corn,  but- 
ter, and  linei.  53  m.  E.  N.  E.  Cork,  75  S.  S.  W. 
Dublin.  Lon.  7°  8'  W.  Lat.  52"  14'  N.  Pop.  35,000. 

Watcrford,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Kil- 
kenny and  Tipperary,  E.  by  Wexford,  S.  by  the 
sea,  and  W.  by  Cork.     Pop.  about  1 10,000. 

Water/ord,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  12  m.  S.  W. 
Paris.     Pop.  860. 

Water/ord,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  32  m.  E.  Montpelier.     Pop.  1,289. 

Water/ord,  t.  New-London  co.  Ct.  on  the 
Thames,  4  m.  from  New-London,  37  from  Hart- 
ford. It  contains  2  churches  for  Baptists.  Pop. 
2,185. 

Water/ord,  p-t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, at  its  confluence  with  the  Mohawk,  opposite 
Lansingburgh,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
bridge,  10  m.  above  Albany.  A  bridge  is  also  here 
thrown  across  the  Mohawk,  and  commands  a  view 
of  Cahoos  falls.  The  village  of  Waterford  is 
handsomely  laid  out,  and  contains  2  churches  and 
about  200  houses. 

Water/ord,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  2,105. 

Water/ord,  or  Le  Boeu/,  p-t.  Erie  co.  Pa.  on  Le 
Boeuf,  a  navigable  branch  of  French  creek,  16  m. 
S.  Lake  Erie.  The  creek  is  here  2  rods  wide,  but 
of  depth  sufficient  for  boats  of  the  greatest  burden, 
and  is  the  thoroughfare  of  the  commerce  between 
Pittsburg  and  Erie.  Waterford  contains  about  50 
houses. 

Water/ord,  p-t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

Water/ord,  p-v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

Water/ord,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  16  m.  above  Marietta. 

Waterland,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon.  149 
30' W.  Lat.  14°46'S. 

Waterloo,  v.  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  12  m.  S. 
Brussels,  rendered  famous  by  one  of  the  most  tre- 
mendous and  eventful  battles  recorded  in  modern 
history,  fought  on  Sunday,  June  18th,  1815,  be- 
tween the  allied  British,  Hanoverian,  German, 
and  Belgic  troops  under  the  duke  of  Wellington, 
and  the  French  under  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  The 
allied  army  amounted  to  about  70,000  men,  and 
the  French  to  90,000.  The  French  were  totally 
defeated,  and  the  hopes  of  Bonaparte  frustrated 
forever.  The  loss  on-both  sides  is  very  variously 
stated. 

Waterloo,  British  settlement  in  W.  Africa,  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  colonv  of  Sierra  Leone.  Pop.  in 
1820.  700. 


WAT 


WAY 


781 


Waterloo,  p-t.  and  cap.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Seneca  river,  5  m.  E.  Geneva.  Here  are  falls  in 
the  river,  around  which  locks  are  constructed. 
Waterloo  is  a  rapidly  growing  place.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  and  a  printing  office  from 
which  a  newspaper  is  issued. 

Walerqueechy.     See  Queechi/. 

Watersay,  one  of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scot- 
land.    Lon.  7°  30'  W.  Lat.  56°  54'  N. 

Watertown,  p-t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Charles 
river,  7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  7  W.  N.  W. 
Boston.  It  contains  several  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, and  a  national  arsenal  is  about  to  be 
erected  here.     Pop.  1,531. 

Watertown,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  26  m.  from 
New-Haven,  30  from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,714.  It 
contains  2  churches,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and 
1  for  Episcopalians. 

Watertown,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Black  river,  12  m.  from  Sackett's  Harbor,  80  N. 
Utica,  174  N.  W.  Albany.  Pop.  1,841.  The 
river  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Brownville,  4  miles 
below.  Watertown  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  a  State  arsenal,  a  printing  office,  from  which 
a  weekly  paper  is  issued.  Many  of  the  dwelling 
houses  are  elegant. 

Watervilk,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Kennebeck  river,  opposite  Winslow,  to 
•which  it  once  belonged,  20  m.  N.  Hallowell,  15  S. 
E.  Norridgewock.  It  contains  a  bank  and  has 
considerable  trade.  There  is  a  flourishing  village 
on  the  Kennebeck,  at  Teconic  falls,  which  are  at 
the  head  of  boat  navigation  on  the  river,  and  af- 
ford numerous  excellent  sites  for  mills  and  manu- 
facturing establishments.  In  this  village  is  a  Lite- 
rary and  Theological  Institution  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Baptist  denomination,  established  in 
1818.     Pop.  1,314. 

Waterville,  v.  in  Sangerfield,  Oneida  co  N.  Y. 

Walertille,  p-v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 

Watervliet,  p-t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson, 
6  m.  above  Albany.  Pop.  2,365.  It  contains 
among  other  manufactories,  a  bell  foundery  and  a 
manufactory  of  iron  screws.  At  Niskayuna  in  this 
town,  there  is  a  village  of  Shakers. 

Watford,  t.  Eng.  in  Herts,  11m.  S.  W.  Hert- 
ford, 14  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  25'  W.  Lat.  51" 
41' N. 

Watkinsonville,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clark  co.  Geo.  10 
m.  S.  Athens.     It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail. 

Watling's  Island,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands, 
about  18  miles  long,  and  4  broad.  Lon.  74°  16' 
W.  Lat.  23°  50'  N. 

Watling-street,  a  road  thrown  up  by  the  Ro- 
mans, which  extends  through  England,  from  Do- 
ver to  Cardigan  in  Wales ;  many  parts  of  which 
remain  at  this  time. 

Watlington,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire,  25  m.  S.  E. 
Oxford,  46  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  55'  W.  Lat.  51° 
39' N. 

Wato,  t.  Sweden,  on  an  island  in  the  Baltic,  10 
m.  E.  N.  E.  Nortlege.  Lon.  18°  43'  E.  Lat.  59° 
54' N. 

Waisness.  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Shetland.     Lon.  2°  6'  W.  Lat.  60°  19'  N. 

Watsons^  Island,  isl.  in  the  Mergui  archipelago. 
Lat.  9°  36' N. 

Wattenschied,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia, 
5  m.  S.  W.  Bockum. 

Watton,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk  co.  21m.  W.  Nor- 
wich, 90  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  50*  E.  Lat. 
52°34'N. 

Watfsborough.  p-v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 


Wattuskijlet,  channel  of  the  Baltic,  between 
the  island  of  Aland  and  the  coast  of  Finland. 

Waveney,  v.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  which  joins  the 
Yare,  at  its  mouth. 

Waughsburg,  p-v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C. 

Wawarsing,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  S.  W. 
Kington.     Pop.  1,325. 

Waway,  small  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes, 
about  40  miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  123°  30' 
E.  Lat.  4°  8'  S. 

Waxholm,  fortress  on  the  coast  of  Sweden,  on 
a  small  island  at  the  entrance  of  the  channel  of 
the  Malar  lake,  16  m.  E.  Stockholm.  Lon.  18°  16' 
E.  Lat.  59°  21'  N. 

Wayaconda,  r.  Missouri,  which  flows  into  the 
Mississippi,  S.  of  the  Desmoins. 

Waybari,  r.  Guiana,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lon.  58°  6'  W.  lat.  6°  25'  N. 

Waygoo,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  60  miles 
long,  from  E.  to  W.  and  25  broad.  Lon.  130°  31' 
to  131°  40'  E.  Lat.  0°  2'  N.  to  0°  30'  S. 

Wayne,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  20  m.  W. 
Augusta. 

Wayne,  p-t  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  E.  Bath. 
Pop.  1,025. 

Wayne,  co.  Pa.  bordering  on  New  York.  Pop. 
4,125.     Chief  town,  Bethany. 

Wayne,  co.  Geo.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Alata- 
maha.     Pop.  676. 

Wayne,  co.  Mississippi,  bordering  on  Alabama. 
Pop.  in  1816,  2,084,  including  517  slaves. 

^ai^e,  CO.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1819,  9,000.  Chief 
town,  Wooster. 

Wayne,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  E.  Jef- 
ferson. 

Wayne,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  16  m.  S.  W.  St. 
Clairsville.     Pop.  in  1819,  520. 

Wayne,  t  Butler  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N.  Hamilton. 

Wayne,  t  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1815, 
560. 

Wayne,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Dark  co.  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  Steuben- 
ville. 

Wayne,  t.  Knox  co,  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Miami, 
7  IT),  above  Dayton. 

Wayne,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

Wayne,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto,  op- 
posite Circleville. 

Wayne,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  Ports- 
mouth, the  county  seat. 

Wayne,  co.  Indiana,  bordering  on  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1815,  6,290.     Chief  town,  Centreville. 

Wayne,  co.  Illinois,  W.  of  Edwards  co. 

Wayne  co.  Michigan  Territory.  Chief  town, 
Detroit. 

Waynesborough,    borough  and    p-t.    Franklin      ^ 
CO.  Pa. 

Waynesborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Green  co.  Pa.  22 
m.  S.  Washington,  51  S.  S.  W.  Pittsburg.  Pop. 
580. 

Waynesborough,  p-rv.  Augusta  co.  Va. 

Waynesborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  N.  C. 
on  the  Neuse,  50  m.  S.  E.  Raleigh. 

Waynesborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Burke  co.  Geo. 
on  Briar  creek,  14  m.  from  Savannah  river,  30  m. 
S.  Augusta,  25  N.  E.  Louisville,  100  N.  W.  Sa- 
vannah. It  contains  a  courthouse  and  jail,  an 
academy,  and  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyterians,  and 
1  for  Methodists. 


7^ 


W  E  I 


Waynesburg,  p-v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

Waynesville,  p-v.  and  cap.  Haywood  co.  N.  C. 

WaynesvUle,  p-t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Little 
Miami,  10  m.  E.  Lebanon. 

Wayte,  rocky  islet  in  the  straits  of  Macassar. 
Lon.  n9»18'E.  Lat.  0°  40' S. 

Wear.     See  Were. 

Weare,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  12  m.  S.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  2,630. 

Weathersfield,  p-t,  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  7  m.  below  Windsor.     Pop.  2,115. 

Weathersfield.     See  Welhersfield,  Ct. 

Weathersfield,  t  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  5  m.  S.  E. 
Warren. 

Webhamet,  r.  Maine,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, at  Wells. 

Wechselburg,  t.  Saxony,  4  m.  N.  N.  E.  Penig,  3 
S.  Rochlitz. 

Weckholm,  t.  Sweden,  22  m.  S.  W.  Upsal. 

Wed  el  Casaab,  r.  Algiers,  which  runs  into  the 
Mediterranean,  5  m.  S.  cape  Falcon. 

Wed  el  Kibbeer,  (an.  Ampsaga,)  r.  Algiers, 
which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  15  m.  S.  Sebba 
Rous.     Lon.  6°  28'  E.  Lat.  36°  57'  N. 

Wtd  el  Mailah,  i.  e.  the  Salt  River,  r.  Algiers, 
which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  10  m.  S.  S.  E. 
cape  Figalo. 

Wed  el  Shaier,  r.  Africa,  which  after  a  N.  E. 
course  of  30  miles  changes  its  name  to  Mailah, 
and  finally  loses  itself  in  the  Shott. 

Wedenschweil,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  S.  W. 
coast  of  lake  Zurich,  9  m.  S,  Zurich,  10  N.  E 
Zug. 

Wedge  Island,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  archi- 
pelago.    Lon.  22°  20'  E.  Lat.  55°  8'  N. 

Wednesbury,  or  Wedgebury,  t.  Eng.  in  Stafford- 
shire, in  the  midst  of  mines  of  coal,  with  manu- 
factures of  nails,  hammers,  axes,  &c.  8  m.  N.  W. 
Birmingham,  118  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  1'  W. 
Lat.  52°  33'  N.     Pop.  5,372. 

Wednesjieldy  v.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  2  m.  N.  E. 
Wolverhampton. 

Weebotuck,  r.  N.  Y.  which  enters  the  Housaton- 
nuc,  at  Dover,  on  the  borders  of  the  State. 

Weels,  r.  Germany,  which  fails  into  the  Weser, 
8  m.  N.  W.  Bremen. 

Weerdl,  or  Werdt,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  West- 
phalia, on  the  Old  Issel,  40  m.  W.  Munster.  Lon. 
€°  33"  E.  Lat.  51°  52'  N.     Pop.  2, 100. 

Weert,  or  Wert,  t.  Netherlands,  10  m.  W.  Ru- 
remond,  13  S.  W.  Venlo.  Lon.  5°  43'  E.  Lat,  51" 
17' N. 

Weferlingen,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  25 
m.  N.  Halberstadt.    Pop.  1,400. 

Wegeleben,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  5  m. 
N.  Quedlingbui^,  4  E.  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2,100. 

Weggis,  t.  Switzerland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
lake  of  Lucerne,  7  m,  E.  Lucerne. 

Wehax,  Lill,  and  Stor,  2  small  islands  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  21°  7'  E.  Lat. 
60°45'N. 

Welilen,  or  Wehlau,  or  Wehl-Stadtel,  t.  Saxony, 
5  ra.  S.  Pirna.     Pop.  650. 

Weichtersbach,  or  Wechterbnch,  t.  Germany,  on 
the  Kinzig,  23  m.  E.  Francfort  on  the  Maine. 

Weida,  r,  Silesia,  which  joins  the  Oder,  near 
Breslau. 

Weiden,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Nab,  17  m.  N.  E. 
Sulsbach,  42  N.  Ratisbon.  Lon,  12°  3'  E.  Lat.  49° 
40' N.     Pop.  2,152. 

Weighton,  or  Market-Wighton,  t.  Eng.  in  York- 
shire, 18  m.  S.  S.  E.  York,  191  N.  London, 


WEI 

Weil,  t.  Wurtemberg,  on  the  Wirm,  10  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Stuttgart,  40  N.  E.  Friburg.  Lon.  8°  50' 
E.  Lat.  48°  48'  N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Weilbach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Lahn,  2  m.  S.  Weilburg. 

Weilburg,  t.  Germany,  in  Nassau,  9  m.  W. 
Wetzlar,  21  N.  Mentz.  Lon.  8°  18'  E.  Lat.  50° 
26'  N.     Pop.  1,800. 

Weile,  or  Wedel,  seaport,  Denmark,  in  North 
Jutland,  on  a  bay  in  the  Little  Belt,  38  m.  N.  E. 
Ripen,  35  S.  S.  W.  Aarhuus.  Lon.  9°  30'  E.  Lat. 
55°  45'  N. 

Weilhaim,  or  Weilheim,  t.  Bavaria,  26  m.  S.  W. 
Munich,  38  S.  S.  E.  Augsburg,  Lon.  11°  4'  E. 
Lat.  47"  44'  N.     Pop.  1,862. 

Weilheim,  t.  Wurtemberg,  on  the  Lauter,  20  m. 
N.  E.  Ulm,  20  S.  E.  Stuttgart.  Lon.  9°  35'  E. 
Lat.  48°  33' N. 

Weimar,  Grand  Duchy  of,  one  of  the  German 
States.  It  consists  of  two  detached  territories  in 
the  centre  of  Germany,  one  called  the  province 
of  Weimar,  the  other  the  province  of  Eisenach, 
containing  together  1,460  square  miles,  with 
201,000  inhabitants,  33  cities,  10  market  towns, 
and  679  villages.     The  revenue  is  £150,000. 

Weimar,  t.  Germany,  and  capital  of  Saxe- Wei- 
mar, with  a  palace,  in  which  the  duke  has  a  valu- 
able library,  a  cabinet  of  medals,  a  museum,  and 
a  gallery  of  paintings ;  and  where  are  kept  the 
archives  of  the  Ernestine  line  of  the  dukes  of 
Saxony.  94  m.  W.  Dresden,  46  S.  W.  Leipsic. 
Lon.  1  r  22'  E.  Lat.  51°  2'  N.     Pop.  10,000. 

Weinfelden,  t.  Switzerland,  4  m,  S.  W.  Con- 
stance, 25  N.  E.  Zurich.     Pop,  2,000. 

Weingarten,  t.  Baden,  13  m,  S.  S,  E,  Spire,  21 
S.  S,  E,  Manheim,  Lon.  8°  30'  E.  Lat.  49"  3'  N. 
Pop,  2,622, 

Weinheim,  t.  Baden,  famous  for  its  wine,  9  m. 
N,  Heidelberg,  8  N.  E.  Manheim.     Pop.  4,039. 

Weinsberg,  t.  Wurtemberg,  5  m.  N.  E.  Heil- 
bronn.  Pop.  1,700,  The  valley  in  which  it  lies 
is  famous  for  its  wine. 

Weir,  one  of  the  smaller  Orkney  islands, 

Weisenhorn,  t,  Baden,  on  the  Roth,  11  m.  S.  E. 
Ulm.     Lon.  10°  8'  E.  Lat.  48°  17'  N. 

Weiskirchen,  or  Hranitze,  t.  Moravia,  15  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Prerau,  24  E.  S.  E.  Olmutz.  Lon.  17°  43'  E. 
Lat.  49°  30'  N.     Pop,  3,200. 

Weismayn,  t,  Bavaria,  20  m,  N.  E,  Bamberg. 
Lon,  11"  18' E,  Lat,  50"  6' N, 

Weissemburg,  or  Korn  Weisscmburg,  or  Wis- 
semburg,  t.  !'"rance,  in  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Lau- 
ter, at  the  loot  of  the  Vosges,  27  m,  N.  Strasburg, 
12  S,  S.  W.  Landau.  Lon,  8"  E.  Lat,  49°  3'  N. 
Pop,  4,097. 

Weissemburg,  t,  Bavaria,  with  2  churches  and  a 
medicinal  spring,  28  m,  S,  S,  W.  Nurembei'g^,  48 
W.  Ratisbon.  Lon.  10°  55'  E.  Lat.  48°  58'  N. 
Pop,  4,000, 

Weissemburg,  or  Alba  Julia,  or  Carlsburg,  or 
Fejerrar,  t,  Transylvania,  capital  of  a  county,  and 
see  of  a  bishop,  on  the  Maros,  90  m.  N.  E,  Temes- 
var,  Lon,  24°  10'  E,  Lat,  46°  16'  N.  Pop, 
11,279. 

Weissenau,  a  princely  abbey,  Wurtemberg,  2 
m,  S.  Ravensburg. 

Wemenburg,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Rezat,  with 
manufactures  in  gold  and  silver.     Pop.  6,000. 

Weissenburg,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,046. 

Weissenfels,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Saal,  18  m.  W,  S.  W.  Leipsic,  6  N.  E,  Naumburg. 
Lon.  11°  59'  E.  Lat  51°  14'  N.    Pop,  5,200. 


W  E  L 


W  E  O 


783 


iVeissenhoTHf  t.  and  citadel  of  Bavaria,  8  m.  S. 
E.  Ulin. 

Weissemee,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  14  m. 
N.Erfurt,  17  N.  W.  Weimar.  Lon.  11°  6'  E.  Lat. 
SriO'N.     Pop.  1,800. 

TVeissensladt,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Egra,  6  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Wensiedel,  15  N.  E.  Bayrcuth.     Pop.  1,247. 

WeissenitZy  or  Weisseritz,  r.  Saxony,  which  runs 
into  the  Elbe,  near  Dresden. 

Weistrils,  r.  Silesia,  which  runs  into  the  Oder, 
near  Schweidnitz. 

Weitra,  or  Weitrach,  t.  Austria,  36  m.  N.  W. 
Crems,  68  W.  N.  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  14°  59'  E. 
Lat.  48°  41'  N. 

Welang,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea.  Lon. 
130°  30'  E.  Lat.  1°  25'  S. 

Welau,  t.  Prussia,  28  m.  E.  S.  E.  Konigsberg. 
Lon.  21"  23'  E.  Lat.  54°  36'  N. 

Welby,  p-v.  Prince  George  co.  Md. 

Weldy  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  25  m.  N.  Paris. 

Weldon,  Great,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton  co.  28 
m.  N.  E.  Northampton,  84  N.  London. 

Weldon,  t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  at  the  foot  of  the 
falls  in  the  Roanoke. 

Wetford,  t.  Eng.  in  Northamptonshire,  15  m.  N. 
W.  Northampton. 

Welki,  t.  Bohemia,  7  m.  N.  E.  Prague. 

Welland,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  German 
sea,  in  what  is  called  the  Wash,  between  the 
counties  of  Lincoln  and  Norfolk. 

Welland,  r.  Canada.     See  Chippeivay. 

Welljleet,  p-t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  31  m.  N.  E. 
Barnstable,  60  by  water  S.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  1,402, 

TVellingbo rough,  t.  Eng.  in  Northampton,  11m. 
N.  E.  Northampton,  68  N.  London.  Lon.  0"  42' 
W.  Lat.  5'i°  20'  N. 

JVellington,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop  co.  The  parish  is 
large,  containing  14  villages,  and  abounds  in  coal, 
lime,  and  iron-stone.  11  m.  E.  Shrewsbury,  143 
N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  35'  W.  Lat.  52"  44'  N. 
Pop.  8,213. 

Wellington,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  with  a  con- 
siderable manufacture  of  serges  and  druggets, 
&c.  Pop.  3,874.  7  m.  S.  W.  Taunton,  147  W. 
S.  W.  London.    Lon.  2"  24'  W.  Lat.  50"  57'  N. 

Wellington,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the  W.  side 
of  Taunton  river,  3  m.  S.  Taunton,  35  S.  Boston. 

Welloe,  T/ie,  rock  in  the  English  channel,  near 
the  coast  of  Cornwall,  9  m.  S.  E.  Penzance.  Lon. 
5°  14' W.  Lat.  5°N. 

Wells,  city,  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  It  receives 
its  name  from  a  remarkable  spring,  called  St.  An- 
drew's Well,  vulgarly  Bottomless  Well.  The  city 
is  small  and  compact,  in  general  well  built  and 
neatly  paved.  19  m.  S.  W.  Bath,  121  W.  London. 
Lon.  2°  50'  W.  Lat.  51°  1 1'  N.     Pop.  5,154. 

Wells,  seaport,  Eng.  in  Norfolk  co.  situated  on 
a  small  river,  near  the  German  sea,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Lynn,  121  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  52'  E.  Lat. 
52"  57'  N.     Pop.  2,316. 

JVells,  p-t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  the  coast,  13  m. 
N.  N.  E.  York,  32  S.  W.  Portland.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,660.  Kennebunk,  which  was  formerly  included 
in  this  town,  now  forms  a  separate  township. 

Wells,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  the  Connecticut, 
at  Newbury. 

Wells,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  37  m.  W.  Windsor. 
Pop.  1,040. 

Wells,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y. 

Wells,  p-v.  Beaufort  co.  S,  C. 

Wellsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Tioga  co.  Pa.  45  m. 
N.  Williamsport. 

Wellsburg.  formerly  Cftarlrsloirn,  p-t.  and  cap. 


Brooke  co.  Va.  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio,  6 
m.  below  Steubenville,  17  above  Wheeling,  50  by 
land  S.  W.  Pittsburg.  It  contains  about  200  hou- 
ses, a  court-house  and  jail,  church,  printing-of- 
fice, and  an  extensive  pottery. 

Wells'' s  Passage,  inlet  on  the  N.  W,  coast  of 
America,  branching  off  from  Broughton's  archi- 
pelago. 

Welmich,  or  Webnenach,  t.  Germany,  in  Nas- 
sau, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  1  m.  from  St. 
Gear. 

Wels,  t.  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Traun,  11  m.  S. 
S.  W.  Lintz,  96  W.  Vienna.  Lon.  14°  E.  Lat.  48' 
10'  N.     Pop.  3,240. 

Welshpool,  t.  Wales,  in  Montgomery  co.  near 
the  Severn,  18  m.  W.  S.  W.  Shrewsbury,  169  W. 
N.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  3"  W.  Lat.  52°  34'  N, 
Pop.  2,300. 

Weltenburg,  t.  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  20  m 
E.  N.  E.  Ingoldstadt,  11  S.  W.  Ratisbon. 

Welwam,  t.  Bohemia,  13  m.  N.  Prague. 

Welwin,  v.  Ei^g.  in  Herts,  25  m.  S.  Bedford,  23 
N.  London. 

Welzheim,  or  Welsen,  t.  Wurtemburg,  on  the 
Lein,  20  m.  E.  Stuttgart,  5  S.  E.  Schorndorf. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Wem,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  1 J  m.  N.  Shrewsbury, 
164  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  47'  W.  Lat.  52°  54' 
N.     Pop.  3,087. 

Wemyss,  Easter,  t.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  on  the 
coast,  5  m.  N.  E.  Kirkcaldy. 

Wemyss,  s-p.  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Frith  of  Forth.  Coals  and  salt  are  the 
only  exports.  4  m.  N.  E.  Kirkcaldy.  Lon.  3°  4' 
W.  Lat.  56°  9' N. 

Wendell,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  27  m.  N.  W.  Con- 
cord.     Pop.  447. 

Wendell,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  12  m.  E.  Green- 
field.    Pop.  983. 

Wendelsiein,  t.  Bavaria,  6  m.  S.  Nuremberg,  2S 
E.  Anspach.     Lon.  11°  44'  E.  Lat.  48°  18'  N. 

Wendlingen,  t.  Wurtemburg,  on  the  Lauter, 
near  the  Neckar,  12  m.  S.  E.  Stuttgart,  28  N.  W. 
Ulm.     Lon.  9°  27'  E.  Lat.  48°  38'  N. 

Wendover,  t.  Eng.  in  Bucks  co.  6  m.  S.  E.  Ayles- 
bury, 35  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  46'  W.  Lat.  51* 
45'  N. 

Wendover,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Francis,  25  m.  S.  Three  Rivers. 

Wenham,  p-t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  6  m.  N.  E.  Salem. 
Pop.  554. 

Weiiloch,  or  Much  Wenlock,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop.  It 
sends  two  members  to  parliament.  12  m.  S.  E. 
Shrewsbury,  147  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  36'  W. 
Lat.  52°  38'  N.     Pop.  2,079. 

Wenner  Lake,  lake,  Sweden,  80  m.  long,  and 
from  20  to  30  wide,  which  discharges  itself  through 
the  Gotha  Elbe,  into  the  sea,  near  Gottenburg. 

Wennersborg,  t.  Sweden,  at  the  S.  W.  extremi- 
ty of  Wenner  Lake,  15  m.  E.  Uddevalla,  45  N. 
Gotheborg.     Lon.  12°  9'  E.  Lat.  58°  26'  N. 

Wensbeck,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  German 
Sea.     Lat.  55"  13'  N. 

Wentworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  N.  W. 
Rotherham. 

Wentworth,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canada,  43  m. 
W.  Montreal. 

Wentworth,  p-t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  45  m.  N. 
Concord.     Pop.  645. 

Weobly,  t.  Eng.  in  Hereford  co.  It  sends  two 
members  to  parliament.  12  m.  N.  W.  Hereford, 
141  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  47'  W  Lat.  52" 
17' N.    Pop.  600.  VV 


78# 


WES 


Werben,  t  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Havel  and  Elbe,  33  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Brandenburg,  53  W.  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  29°  44' 
E.  Lat.  52°  53'  N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Werben,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania,  9  m. 
S.  S.  VV.  Stargard. 

Werdau,  t.   Saxony,  6  m.   W.  Zwickau.     Pop. 
3  000. 
'  w'erdena,  t.  Prussian  States,  18  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Tilsit. 

Werden,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  on 
the  Roer,  11  m.  N.  E.  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  1,700. 
Lon.  6°  55'  E.  Lat  51°  18'  N. 

JVerdenberg,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Glarus.  The 
town  is  fortified.  11  m.  S.  S.  E.  Appenzell,  25  E. 
N.  E.  Glarus. 

JVerder,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  Havel,  4  m.  W.  Potzdam. 
Pop.  1,600. 

Were,  or  Wear,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  sea 
at  Sunderland :  anciently  called  Vedra. 

Were,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Avon  near 
Trowbridge. 

Weremouth,  Bishop'' s,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  on 
the  Were,  12  m.  N.  N.  E.  Durham.  Lon.  T  22" 
W.  Lat.  54°  59'  N. 

Weremouth,  Monk^s,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Were,  opposite  Sunderland. 

IVerfen,  t.  and  fortress,  Austria,  on  the  Salza, 
15  m.  N.  W.  Radstadt,  14  S.  S,  W.  Halein. 

Wergela,  or  Guergela,  t.  Africa,  in  Biledulgerid, 
300  m.  S.  Algiers.     Lon.  4°  10'  E.  Lat.  31°  45'  N. 

Werl,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  13  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Lippstadt,  52  N.  E.  Cologn.  Lon.  7° 
68'  E.  Lat.  51°  33'  N. 

Werne,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  19  m. 
S.  Munster.  Lon.  7°  48'  E.  Lat.  51'  38'  N.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Wemigerode,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  12 
m.  S.  W.  Halberstadt,  27  S.  S.  E.  Wolfenbuttel. 
Lon.  10°  52'  E.  Lat.  51°  53'  N.     Pop.  6,500. 

Wernils,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Dan- 
ube, near  Donauwert. 

IVerra,  r.  Germany,  which  rises  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Coburg,  passes  by  Eisfeld,  Hildberghau- 
sen,  Meinungen,  Creutzberg,  AUendorf,  &c.  and 
joining  the  Fulda  at  Munden,  forms  the  Weser. 

Wersala,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Finland,  at 
the  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lon.  31° 
6'E.  Lat.  60°46'N. 

Wertheim,  t.  Germany,  in  Baden,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Maine  and  Tauber,  42  m.  E.  N.  E.  Man- 
heim,  20  W.  Wurzburg.  Lon.  9°  35'  E.  Lat.  49° 
49'  N.     Pop.  3,227. 

Werther,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  5  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Bielefeld.     Pop.  1,300. 

Wertingen.  t.  Bavaria,  14  m.  N.  N.  W.  Augs- 
burg, 30  N.  E.  Ulm. 

Wervick,  or  Wariviek,  or  Verwick,  t.  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Lys,  3  m.  S.  W.  Menin.     Pop.  4,151. 

Weschnitz,  r.  France,  which  runs  into  the 
Rhine,  opposite  Worms. 

Wesel,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Cleves-and-Berg, 
on  the  Rhine,  17  m.  E.  S.  E.  Cleves,  15  N.  W. 
Gueldres.  Lon.  6°  38'  E.  Lat.  51°  38'  N.  Pop. 
6,500. 

Wesel,  or  Ober  Wesel,  t.  Germany,  20  m.  S. 
Coblentz,  46  E.  N.  E.  Treves. 

Wesenberg,  t.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  42  m.  N. 
Spandau.     Pop.  1,700. 

IVesenstein,  t.  Saxony,  8  m.  S.  S.  E.  Dresden. 

IVesep,  t  Holland,  on  the  Vecht,  well  fortified 
towards  the  east,  4  m.  S.  E.  Amsterdam. 


WES 

Weser,  r.  Germany,  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Werra  and  Fulda,  which  passes  by  Hameln, 
Minden,  Hoya,  Bremen,  &c.  and  runs  into  the 
German  Sea,  about  lon.  8°  E.  lat.  53°  48'  N. 

Wesley,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  W.  Mari- 
etta.    Pop.  172. 

fVeslingbvhren,  t.  Holstein,  near  the  coast  of  the 
North  Sea,  53  m.  N.  W.  Hamburg,  30  S.  W.  Sles- 
wick. 

IVesl,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  998. 

West,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

West  Bay,  bay  of  the  English  Channel,  on  the 
coast  of  the  counties  of  Dorset  and  Devon,  of  vast 
extent. 

Westborough,  p-t.  W^orcester  co.  Mass.  13  m.  E. 
Worcester,  30  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,048. 

West  Boylston,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
N.  Worcester.     Pop.  632. 

Westbrook,  formerly  Slroudwater,  t.  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  3  m.  W.  Portland. 

Westbrook,  p-v.  Bladen  co.  N.  C. 

Westbury,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada. 
80  m  S.  S.  E.  Three  Rivers. 

West  Cambridge,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  9  m. 
from  Boston.     Pop.  971. 

West  Cayuga,  small  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Cayuga  lake,  connected  with  East 
Cayuga  by  a  bridge  316  rods  long. 

West  Chester,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N  by  Putnam 
CO.  E.  by  Connecticut,  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  W.  by  the  Hudson.  Pop.  30,272.  Chief 
towns,  Bedford,  and  White  Plains. 

Westchester,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
from  New-York.  Pop.  1,969.  It  has  many  ele- 
gant country  seats. 

Westchester,  p-t.  borough,  and  cap.  Chester  cc 
Pa.  24  m.  W.  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  market  house,  bank,  and  Catholi' 
church. 

Westchester,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

Westerlo,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y. 

Westerly,  p-t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on  the  sea- 
coast,  35  m.  W.  Newport,  36  S.  W.  Providence 
Pop.  1,91 1.  It  contains  the  village  of  Peiwcatuck. 
in  which  are  50  dwelling  houses,  an  extensive- 
woollen  factory,  2  banks,  and  2  academies. 

Western,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  22  m.  S.  W, 
Worcester.     Pop.  1,014. 

Western,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mohawk,  20 
m.  from  Utica.     Pop.  2,416. 

Western  -port,  p-v.  Allegliany  co.  Md. 

Western  States,  a  division  of  the  United  States, 
comprising  the  States  which  lie  wholly  west  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains ;  viz.  Tennessee,  Kentucky, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri. 

West  Fairlee,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  35  m.  S.  E. 
Montpelier. 

West  falls,  t.  Pickaway  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto, 
nearly  opposite  Circleville,  26  m.  S.  Columbus. 

West  farms,  p-v.  West  Chester  co.  N.  Y. 

Westjield,  t.  King's  co.  New-Brunswick,  on 
Kennebecasis  bay. 

Westjield,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  42  m.  N.  Montpe- 
lier.    Pop.  149. 

Westjield,  p-t.  Hamden  co.  Mass.  6  m.  W.  Spring- 
field. Pop.  2,130.  The  village  of  Westfield  is 
handsomely  built,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
church,  and  an  academy. 

Westjield,  r.  Mass.  which  rises  in  Berkshire  co. 
and  running  S.  E.  falls  into  the  Connecticut  at 
West-Springfield. 

Westfield,  t.  and  cap,  Richmond  co.  on  Staler. 


F 


WES 


WES 


785 


island,  N.  Y.  at  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  the  island. 
Pop.  1,444. 

rVeslJicld,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  7  m.  W.  Eliza- 
bethtown.     Pop.  2,152. 

Westford,  p-t,  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  13  m.  N.  E. 
Burlington.     Pop.  1,107. 

fVestford,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  28  m.  N.  W 
Boston.     Pop.  1,330.     Here  is  an  academy. 

Westford,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  S.  E.  Coop- 
erstown.     Pop,  1,213. 

West  Greemcich,  t.  Kent  co.  R.  I.  18  m.  S.  W. 
Providence,     Pop.  1,619. 

Wesifmnif  t.  Henrico  co.  Va.  on  the  N.  side  of 
James  river,  6  m.  above  Richmond. 

Westhampion,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass,  9  m.  W. 
Northampton,     Pop.  793, 

Weslhampton,  p-v,  in  Southampton,  N,  Y, 

West  Harbour,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica, 
formed  by  a  peninsula,  called  Portland  Ridge, 
hon.  77°  VV.  Lat,  17"  48'  N, 

West-Haver^  p-t.  Rutland  co,  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  47  m.  W.  Windsor.     Pop.  679. 

West-Haven,  a  parish  of  New-Haven,  Ct,  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  harbor  and  the  Sound,  3  m, 
W.  of  the  city. 

West  Island,  one  of  the  smaller  Pliilippine  isl- 
ands, near  the  S.  coast  of  Mindoro,  Lon.  121"  12' 
£,  Lat,  12°18'N. 

West  isles,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New-Brunswick,  ou 
the  coast,  including  Campo  Bello,  Grand  Menan, 
and  other  islands, 

Wesiland,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W.  Cam- 
bridge.    Pop.  251, 

Weitminster,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Up.  Canada. 

Westminster,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  27  m.  below  Windsor.     Pop.  1,925. 

Westminster,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  21  m,  N. 
Worcester,  54  W.  N.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,419. 

Westminster,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  26  m.  N.  W. 
Baltimore,  47  N.  Washington. 

Westmore,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  43  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  71. 

Westmoreland,  co.  New-Brunswick,  bordering 
«n  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Westmoreland,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N,  H.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  48  m.  S.  W.  Concord.  Pop.  1,937, 
It  contains  3  churches,  2  for  Baptists,  and  1  for 
Congregationalists. 

Westmoreland,  p-t.  Oneida  co,  N,  Y.  10  m.  W. 
Utica,  8  S.  Rome,  107  W.  Albany,  Pop.  in  1810, 
1,135;  in  1820,2,776. 

Westmoreland,  co.  Pa.  inclosed  by  tlie  counties 
of  Armstrong,  Indiana,  Cambria,  Somerset,  Fay- 
ette, Washington,  and  Alleghany.  Pop.  26,392. 
Chief  town,  Greensburg. 

Westmoreland,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  the  Poto- 
mac, S.  E.  by  Northumberland  co.  S.  W.  by  Rich- 
mond CO.  and  W.  by  King  George  co.  Pop.  8, 102, 
including  4,080  slaves.  Chief  town,  Leeds.  At 
the  court-house  is  a  post  office. 

West-JVaugkton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  near 
Manchester. 

Weston,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  15  m.  W.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,008. 

Weston,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  8  m.  from  Long  Isl- 
and Sound.    Pop.  2,618.    Here  is  an  academy. 

Westoicn,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  4  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Westchester,  19  W.  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
large  and  respectable  Quaker  boarding  school. 

TVest  Point,  p-v.  and  military  post,  in  Cornwall, 
Orange  co.  N.  Y,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson, 
at  its  passage  through  the  highlands,  7  m.  S.  New- 
burgh,  58  N.  New- York.    During  the  Reyolu- 

99 


tionary  war  it  was  strongly  fortified,  and  deemed 
one  of  the  most  important  posts  in  America,  but 
the  works  are  now  in  ruins.  A  military  academy 
was  established  here  in  1802,  by  the  general  gov- 
ernment, and  in  1812,  25,000  dollars  were  appro- 
priated for  erecting  buildings,  and  procuring  a  li- 
brary and  apparatus.  The  academy  now  con- 
sists of  a  professor  and  assistant  professor  of  natu- 
ral and  experimental  philosophy,  a  professor  and 
assistant  professor  of  mathematics,  a  professor  and 
assistant  professor  of  the  art  of  engineering,  a 
chaplain,  Avho  is  also  professor  of  ethics,  an  in- 
structor in  tactics,  an  instructor  in  artillery,  a  sur- 
geon who  is  acting  processor  of  chemistry,  a  teach- 
er of  the  French  language,  a  teacher  of  drawing, 
and  a  sword  master.  The  number  of  cadets  is 
limited  to  250. 

Westport,  p-t.  with  a  port,  Bristol  co.  Mass,  24 
m,  S,  Taunton,  59  S,  Boston,  Pop.  2,585.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town  with  considerable  trade. 

Westport,  p-t,  Essex  co.  N,  Y.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  E.  «f  Elizabethtown. 

Westport,  p-t.  Henry  co.  Ken.  on  a  high  bluff 
near  the  Ohio,  48  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Ken- 
tucky river,  17  above  Louisville,  It  has  about  30 
houses, 

Westraysville,  p-v,  Nash  co,  N.  C. 

West  river,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  th«  Connecti- 
cut 10  m.  from  the  S.  boundary  of  the  State. 

West  river,  p-v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y, 

West  river,  p-v.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md. 

West-Springfield,  p-t.  Hamden  co.  Mass.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite  Springfield. 
Pop.  3,109. 

West-Stockbridge,  p-t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Lenox.     Pop.  1,049. 

West-Union,  p-t.  and  cap.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  56 
m.  S.  W.  Chillicothe.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  2  churches,  and  about  60  dwelling  houses, 

West-Union,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

Western  Reef,  rocks  in  the  Spanish  Main,  near 
the  Musquito  shore.  Lon.  82"  25'  W.  Lat.  14° 42'  N. 

Westbury,  t.  Eng.  in  Wilts,  26  m,  W.  N,  W. 
Salisbury,  101  W,  London.  Lon.  2°  12°  W.  Lat. 
51°  15'  N, 

Westburi/,  v,  Eng,  in  Gloucester  co.  2  m,  N.  W. 
Bristol. 

Westeras,  or  Westtrahs,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  Malar  Lake,  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
Here  is  a  castle,  and  a  weighing-house  for  metals, 
whence  a  vast  quantity  of  iron,  copper,  and  brass 
is  exported  every  year  to  Stockholm.  The  trade 
carried  on  is  very  considerable.  36  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Upsal,  48  W.  N.  W.  Stockholm.  Lon.  16°  31'  E. 
Lat,  59°  36' N.     Pop.  3,229. 

Westcrburg,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau, 16  m.  W.  N.  W.  Weiburg,  34  N.  Mentz. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Westerham,  or  Weslram,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  20  m. 
W.  S,  W.  Maidstone,  22  S.  London.  Lon.  0°  3'  E. 
Lat.  51°  16'  N. 

Western  Islands.    See  .Azores. 

Western  Islands.    See  Hebrides. 

Westenoyck,  s«p.  Sweden,  on  a  bay  of  the  Bal- 
tic, with  a  good  harbour,  and  a  brisk  trade  in^hip 
timber,  and  all  sorts  of  naval  stores.  68  »!.  N. 
Calmar.  Lon.  16°  24'  E.  Lat.  57°  45'  N.  Pop. 
2,608. 

Westhofen,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhinp,  12  m.  W. 
Strasburg,  9  S,  S,  E.  Savern.     Pop.  9,092, 

Westhoven,  t,  Prussian  States,  iv  Westphalia, 
at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near  the  Roer,  4  m.  S. 
W.  Schwiert.     Pop.  800. 

West  Indies,  islands  between  Florida  and  the 


786 


WET 


W  E  Y 


northern  coast  of  S.  America.  Triuidad  is  the 
fartherest  south,  Barbadoes  the  fertherest  east, 
Cuba  the  fartherest  west,  and  the  Bahama  islands 
the  fartherest  north.  They  belong  to  various 
European  nations,  principally  to  the  English 
and  Spaniards.  I'he  whole  jjopulation  is  about 
2,000,000,  of  whom  three-fourths  are  slaves. 

Westman,  or  Westmonia,  isl.  in  the  North  sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Iceland.  Lon.  20"  28'  W,  Lat. 
63"  20'  N. 

Westmannland,  or  Westmania,  in  the  old  divis- 
ion of  Sweden,  a  province,  bounded  N.  by  Dale- 
carlia,  E.  by  Upland,  S.  by  Sudermannland,  Ne- 
ricia,  and  the  Malar  Lake,  and  W.  by  Warme- 
land  ;  about  110  miles  long  and  80  broad. 

Weslmeath,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Ca- 
van,  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Meath,  S.  by  King's  county, 
W.  by  Roscommon,  and  N.  W.  by  Longford.  Pop. 
70,000. 

Westminster,  city,  Eng.  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Thames,  and  so  united  to  London  as  to  appear  one 
city.  It  is  said  to  take  its  name  from  the  abbey  or 
minster,  situated  to  the  west  of  St.  Paul's,  or  the 
city  of  London.  It  was  for  many  ages  a  place  en- 
tirely distinct  from  London,  and  there  was  a  large 
space  between  them.  The  Strand  was  the  road 
which  led  from  London  to  that  town.  It  contains 
two  parishes,  St.  Margaret's  and  St.  John's,  and 
seven  others  within  its  liberties,  viz.  St.  Martin's- 
in- the- Fields,  St.  James's,  St.  Ann's,  St.  Clem- 
ent's, Danes,  St.  Mary-le-Strand,  St.  George's, 
Hanover-square,  and  St.  Paul's  Covent-garden, 
■with  the  precinct  of  the  Savoy.  Two  members 
are  returned  to  parliament.     Pop.  162,085. 

Westminster  Hall,  isl.  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan, 
N.  E.  of  Cape  Pillar.  Lon.  76°  16'  W.  Lat.  52" 
34' S. 

Westmoreland,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  and  N. 
W,  by  Cumberland,  E.  by  Yorkshire,  and  S.  and 
S.  W.  by  Lancashire  ;  about  40  miles  long  and  24 
broad.     Pop.  45,922. 

Wesloe,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  2  m  S.  Shields. 

Westphalia,  one  of  the  ten  provinces  into  which 
the  Prussian  States  were  divided  in  1815.  It  is 
subdivided  into  the  governments  of  Munster,  Min- 
den,  and  Arensberg.  Extent,  7,565  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,000,000.  Revenue,  580,000/.  Chief  towns, 
Minden  and  Munster. 

Westphalia,  formerly  a  circle  of  Germany, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Dutch  states,  W.  by  the  Neth- 
erlands, and  elsewhere  by  the  circles  of  the  Rhine, 
Upper  and  Lower. 

Westphalia,  lately  a  kingdom  in  Germany, 
formed  of  several  principalities,  taken  from  the 
king  of  Prussia,  after  the  battle  of  Friedland,  ly- 
ing west  of  the  Elbe  and  the  Saale.  It  contain- 
ed 2,000,000  inhabitants,  but  was  abolished  on  the 
downfall  of  Bonaparte. 

Westport,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Mayo  co.  at  the  mouth 
of  a  small  river,  whose  mouth  forms  a  fine  bay 
within  Clew  bay.  8  m.  W.  Castlebar.  Lon.  9"* 
22' W.  Lat.  53°  48' N. 

Westra,  one  of  the  Orkney  islands,  about  8  miles 
loag.  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  from  the  island  of  Pomona. 
Lon.  2"  49'  W.  Lat.  59°  9'  N.     Pop.  1 ,300. 

Wetherby,  or  Weatherby,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire, 
on  the  Wharf,  13  m.  W.  York,  191  N.  London. 
Lon.  1°22'  W.  Lat.  53°  56'  N. 

Wethen^eld,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Conn,  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  W,  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  4 
m.  below  Havtford.  It  contains  an  academy,  and 
3  parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  Congregational 
meeting-house.     The  inhabitants  are  generally 


wealthy  larmers,  and  raise  large  quantities  of  on-  , 
ions,  which  are  exported  to  different  parts  of  the  ' 
U.  States,  and  to  the  W.  Indies.     Pop.  3,931. 

Wetter,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia,  6  m. 
S.  W.  Schwiert. 

Wetter,  t.  Germany,  6  m.  N.  W.  Marbui^,  34 ' 
S.  W.  Cassel.     Lon.  8°  45'  E.  Lat.  50°  54'  N. 

Welter,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Nid- 
da,  at  Assenheim. 

Wetter  Island,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,^  about  90 
miles  in  circumference.  Lon.  126°  40'  E.  Lat.  V 
24'  S. 

Wetter  Lake,  lake,  Sweden,  between  58°  and 
59°  N.  lat.  65  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  16  wide. 
Tliis  lake  has  but  one  outlet  by  the  river  Motola. 

Wetting,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Saal,  34  m.  S.  Mag- 
deburg, 25  N.  N.  W.  Leipsick.  Lon.  12°  3' E. 
Lat.  51°  37' N.     Pop.  2,031. 

Weltingen,  t.  Swisserland,  on  the  Limmal,  with 
a  celebrated  wooden  bridge,  1  m.  S.  Baden. 

Welz,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Lahn, 
near  Wetzlar. 

Wetzlar,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Lower  Rhine,  on 
the  Lahn,  45  m.  E.  Coblentz,  32  N.  N.  E.  Mentz. 
Lon.  8"  33'  E.  Lat.  .50°  34'  N.     Pop.  4,000. 

Werelsburg,  t.  and  citadel,  Germany,  8  m.  S. 
Paderborn. 

Wever,  r.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  which  runs  into  the 
Dee,  7  m.  N.  Chester. 

Weverham,  t.  Eng.  in  Cheshire,  3  m.  W.  North- 
wich. 

Wexford,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Wick- 
low,  E.  and  S.  by  the  sea,  W.  by  Waterford  and 
Kilkenny,  and  N.  W.  by  Carlow.     Pop.  132,000. 

Wexford,  s-p.  Ireland,  in  Wexford  co.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Slaney,  with  a  large  and  beautiful 
harbour,  in  St.  George's  channel ;  but  the  wateris 
not  deep  enough  to  admit  large  vessels.  The  gen- 
eral appearance  of  the  town  is  mean.  Much 
Avoollen  cloth  is  manufactured  in  the  town  and 
neighbourhood.  25  m.  W.  N.  W.  Waterford,  60 
S.  Dublin.  Lon.  6°  29'  W.  Lat.  52"  22'  N.  Pop. 
9,000. 

Wexio,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  Helga  Lake,  the  see  of 
a  bishop,  46  m.  N.  N.  W.  Carlscrona.  Lon.  14° 
44'  E.  Lat.  56°  52'  N. 

Wet),  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Thames  at 
Weybridge.  This  river  is  navigable  to  Guilford 
and  Godalmin,  and  a  canal  leads  from  it  to  Bas- 
ingstroke,  in  Hampshire. 

Weybridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Surry,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Wey  and  the  Thames,  9  m.  S.  W.  Kingston,  20 
S.  W.  London. 

Weybridge,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek, 
opposite  Middlebury. 

Weyda,  t.  Germany,  in  Saxe  Weimar,  on  the 
Elster,  11  m.  E.  N.  E.  Neustadt,  70  W.  S.  W. 
Dresden.  Lou.  12"  1'  E.  Lat.  50°  42'  N.  Pop. 
1,400. 

Weyda,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Elster 
2  m.  N.  Weyda. 

Weydenau,  t.  Silesia,  8  m.  S.  W,  Neisse,  16  S. 
S.  E.  Munsterburg.   Lon.  17°  2'  E.  Lat.  50"  12'  Nj 

Weyersheim,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Rhine,  9  m. 
N.  Strasburg. 

Weyhill,  v.  Eng.  in  Hants,  3  m.  W.  Andover,  68 
W.  S.  W.  London. 

Weyl,  or  Wyl,  t.  Swisserland,  14  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Constance,  14  W.  St.  Gal 

Weymouth,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Dorsetshire,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wey.  It  is  a  well-frequented  port, 
and  is  defended  by  two  castles,  Sandford  and  Port- 
land.   Weymouth  sends  two  members  to  parlia- 


W  H  I 


W  H  I 


787 


ment.  9  m.  S.  Dorchester,  129  W.  S.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon-a'-SS' W.  Lat.50°36'N.     Pop.  4,732. 

Weymouth,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  14  m.  S.  Bos- 
ton, 17  S.  E.  Dedham.     Pop.  1,889. 

Weymouth,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1,029. 

Weymouth  furnace,  p-v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  Y. 

Weypert,  t.  Bohemia,  25  m.  N.  W.  Saatz,  60  VV. 
N.  W.  Prague.     Lon.  13°  E.  Lat.  50°  25'  N. 

Whale  Rank,  fishin*  bank  on  the  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 60  miles  long  and  21  wide.  90  m.  S. 
Cape  Mary.     Lon.  53"  50'  W.  Lat.  45°  N. 

tVhale  island,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea.  Lon. 
134°  W.  Lat.  69°  14'  N. 

Whale  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lon.  1 12°  21'  E.  Lat.  4°  10'  N. 

Whale,  r.  W.  Africa,  which  flows  into  the  At- 
lantic, N.  of  Cape  Shilling. 

Wharfe,  or  Wherfe,  r.  Eng.  in  York,  which  runs 
into  the  Ouse,  7  m.  below  York, 

Wharton,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.     Pop.  922, 

Whatley,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  10  m.  above  Northamp- 
ton.    Pop.  891. 

Wheatjield,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.     Pop,  1,475. 

Wheat  plains,  p-v.  Pike  co.  Pa. 

Wheatsborough,  p-t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

Wheeling,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the  Ohio  at 
Wheeling. 

Weeeling,  p-t.  and  cap.  Ohio  co.  Virginia,  on 
Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  creek,  57 
m.  S,  W,  Pittsburg,  by  the  road,  95  by  the  river. 
It  stands  on  a  high  bank,  and  the  buildings  are 
chiefly  on  one  street,  running  parallel  with  the 
river.  The  town  contained  in  1817,  a  court- 
house, jail,  church,  nail  factory,  and  about  200 
houses.  'The  great  road  from  Wheeling  to  Cum- 
berland on  the  Potomac,  is  now  open.  This  road 
completes  the  communication  between  Baltimore 
and  the  navigable  western  waters,  and  will  doubt- 
less cause  Wheeling  to  rise  rapidly  in  population 
and  commercial  importance. 

Wheeling,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on  Wills  creek, 
6  m.  N.  Cambridge.     Pop.  171. 

Wheeling,t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  N.  St.  Clairs- 
Tille.     Pop.  in  1819,  1,295. 

Wheelock,  p-t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt,  30  m.  N.  E. 
Montpelier.     Pop.  964. 

Wherwell,  v.  Eng.  in  Hants,  4  ra.  S.  Andover. 

Whetstone,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Scioto, 
at  Columbus. 

Whidah,  kingdom,  Africa,  on  the  Slave  coast, 
extending  about  10  miles  along  the  coast,  and 
about  7  miles  into  the  land. 

Whidah,  t.  Africa,  in  the  county  of  Whidah. 
Lon.  1°  24'  E.  Lat.  6°  25'  N. 

WhidbyU  Island,  isl.  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  near 
the  N.  W.  coast  of  America,  about  36  miles  long, 
and  from  2  to  6  broad.  Lon.  237°  40'  E.  Lat.  48" 
1€'  N. 

Wliiddy,  isl.  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  Ban- 
try  Bay,  2  m.  W.  Bantrv.  Lon.  9°  25'  W.  Lat. 
51°40'xN. 

Whitby,  s-p.Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Esk,  on  the  German  sea.  The  harbour  is  con- 
venient. Several  vessels  are  employed  in'  the 
Greenland  fishery.  In  the  neighbourhood  are 
some  large  alum  works.  46  m.  N.  N.  E.'  York, 
243  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  55'  VV,  Lat.  54°  30'  N. 
Pop.  7,483. 

Whitby,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  of  York. 

White,  CO.  West  Tennessee,  Pop.  4,028,  inclu- 
ding 283  slaves.  Chief  town,  Sparta.  At  the 
court-bouse  r  a  post-office. 


White,  CO.  Illinois,  on  the  Wabash.  Pop.  in 
1818,  3,539.    Chief  town,  Carmi. 

White  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lon.  56°  25'  W.  Lat.  50"  10'  N. 

White  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Kerguelen's 
Land.     Lon.  69°  15'  E.  Lat.  47°  53'  S. 

White  bluff,  settlement,  Chatham  co.  Geo.  7  m. 
S.  Savannah. 

White  chimnies,  p-v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

Whitechurch,  t.  Eng.  in  Hants,  25  m.  E,  Salis- 
bury, 58  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  17'  W.  Lat. 
51"  14'  N. 

Wkitechurch,  t.  Eng.  in  Salop,  20  m,  N.  Shrews- 
bury, 161  N.  W,  London.  Lon.  2"  44'  W.  Lat. 
53°1'  N. 

Whitechurch,  t.  York  co.  Upper  Canada,  N,  of 
York. 

White  clay,  hundred,  New  Castle  co.  DeL  Pop. 
1,701. 

White  Cliff,  or  Culver  Cliff,  cA^pe  of  the  E.  coast 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Lon.  0"  56'  W.  Lat.  50" 
39' N. 

White  creeJz,  t.  Washington  co,  N,  Y.  36  m.  N. 
E.  Albany.     Here  is  an  academy. 

White  deer,  p-t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Susquehannah.     Pop.  1,132. 

Whitejield,  p-t,  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  both 
sides  of  Sheepscot  river,  15  m,  N.  Wiscasset.  Pop. 
995. 

Wliitejield,  t,  Coos  co,  N,  H,  4  m,  from  Connec- 
ticut river,  76  N,  Concord. 

White  Jish  point,  peninsula,  Michigan  Territo- 
ry, extending  into  Lake  Superior,  33  m.  W,  St 
Mary's  river, 

Whitehall,  (formerly  Skenesborough,)  p-t,  Wash- 
ington CO.  N.  Y.  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake 
Champlain,  65  m.  N.  Albany,  70S.  Burlington, 
150  S.  St.  John's.  It  has  4  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship, 1  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Presbyterians, 
1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Methodists.  Pop.  2,110. 
Whitehall  village  is  a  well  built  and  thriving  lit- 
tle place,  on  both  sides  of  Wood  Creek,  at  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  Champlain,  and  at  the  head  of 
navigation  on  the  lake.  Several  sloops  of  from  40 
to  80  tons  are  owned  here,  and  a  steam-boat  con- 
stantly plies  between  Whitehall  and  St.  John's, 
through  the  whole  extent  of  the  lake.  The  trade 
of  a  considerable  extent  of  country  is  naturally 
concentrated  here,  giving  to  the  village  the  bus- 
tle and  crowded  aspect  of  a  port.  A  canal  from 
Whitehall  to  Fort  Edward,  connecting  Lake 
Champlain  with  the  Hudson,  is  now  completed. 
See  JVew-York,  State  of. 

Whitehall,  t,  Lehigh  co.  Pa,  on  the  Lehigh,  10 
m,  W.  N.  W.  Bethlehem.     Pop.  2,551. 

Whitehall,  p-v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

White  fiaven,  p-v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

White  Head,  cape,  Ireland,  on  the  coast  of  An- 
trim, at  the  entrance  into  Belfast  Lough. 

White  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land.   Lon.  1 82°  36'  W.  Lat.  37°  31'  S. 

White  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  S.  E.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia.     Lon.  61"  50'  W.  Lat.  44°  55'  N. 

White  Island,  or  Burnt  Island,  small  isl.  in  the 
Arabian  Gulf,  near  the  coast  of  Adel.  Lon,  64" 
55' E.  Lat.  11°8'N. 

White  Keys  River,  r,  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  sea,  in  lat,  30°  35'  S. 

Whileland,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  779. 

Whiteland,  West,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.      Pop.  635. 

Whitely,  co.  Ken .  At  the  conrt-housft  is  a  po^st- 
ofiice. 


788 


W  H  I 


W  H  I 


Whiteleysburg,  p-v.  Kent  co.  Del. 

fVhitemarsh,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Schuylkill,  12  m.  N.  W.  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
1,328. 

While  Mountains,  or  White  Hills,  mountains, 
New-Hampshire,  lying  30  m.  N.  of  Winnipiseo- 
gee  lake,  and  70  N.  Concord.  They  are  the  lofti- 
est mountains  in  the  United  States.  Within  a 
circuit  of  60  miles  there  are  6  peaks,  whose  ele- 
vation exceeds  4,000  feet,  and  Mount  Washington, 
the  highest  summit,  was  formerly  estimated  at 
10,000,  but  more  recent  and  accurate  calculations 
reduce  it  to  between  6,000  and  7,000.  Mount 
Washington  is  frequently  visited  by  travellers 
who  ascend  it  by  various  routes,  but  most  usually 
from  the  S.  E.  commencing  in  the  town  of  Con- 
way, and  following  the  course  of  Ellis  river,  a 
northern  branch  of  the  Saco,  which  has  its  origin 
high  in  the  mountain.  After  climbing  by  the  side 
of  this  stream  for  a  considerable  distance,  the  trees 
of  the  mountain  begin  to  diminish  in  height,  till  at 
the  elevation  of  about  4,000  feet,  you  come  to  a 
region  of  dwarfish  evergeens,  about  the  height  of 
a  man's  head,  which  put  forth  numerous  strong 
horizontal  branches,  which  are  closely  interwoven 
with  each  other,  and  surround  the  mountain  with 
a  formidable  hedge,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  thick- 
ness. On  emerging  from  this  thicket,  you  are 
above  all  woods,  at  the  foot  of  what  is  called  the 
bald  part  of  the  mountain,  which  is  very  steep,  and 
consists  of  a  huge  pile  of  naked  rocks.  After  at- 
taining the  summit,  the  traveller  is  recompensed 
for  his  toil,  if  the  sky  be  serene,  with  a  most  noble 
and  extensive  prospect.  On  the  S.  E.  there  is  a 
view  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  nearest  part  of 
•which  is  65  miles  distant  in  a  direct  line,  and  on 
the  south,  Winnipiseogee  lake  lies  in  full  view. 
The  barren  rocks  which  extend  for  a  great  dis- 
tance in  every  direction  from  the  summit,  add  a 
melancholy  grandeur  to  the  scene. — The  Notch 
or  Gap,  on  the  west  side  of  the  mountains  near 
the  source  of  Saco  river,  is  also  frequented  by 
travellers.  It  is  a  deep  and  narrow  defile,  in  one 
part  only  22  feet  wide.  The  whole  mountain, 
which  otherwise  forms  a  continued  range,  appears 
as  if  cloven  down  quite  to  its  base,  perpendicular- 
ly on  one  side,  and  on  the  other  at  an  angle  of  45 
degrees.  The  road  from  Lancaster  to  Portland, 
which  passes  through  this  gap,  is  crossed  by  the 
river  Saco,  which  comes  tumbling  down  the  sides 
of  the  mountain  ;  and  several  brooks,  the  tributa- 
ries of  the  Saco,  laii  down  the  declivities,  forming 
a.  succession  of  beautiful  cascades  within  sight  of 
the  road.  No  part  of  the  mountain  is  more  inter- 
fasting  and  picturesque  than  the  scenery  of  this 
Aiatural  gap. 

White  oak,  p-v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C. 

White  oak  creek,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Ohio,  5  m. 
oelow  Ripley. 

White  oak  spring,  p-v.  Gibson  co.  Indiana. 

Whiteplains,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  P^  Y.  6  m.  E. 
Hudson  river,  30  from  New- York.  Pop.  693. 
The  courts  of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here 
and  at  Bedford. 

White  plains,  p-v.  Orange  co.  Va, 

White  plains,  p-v.  Granviiie  co.  N.  C. 

White  plains,  p-v.  White  co.  Tennessee. 

White  post,  p-v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

While  river,  r.  Vt.  which  flows  into  the  Conuec-' 
ticut  15  m.  above  Windsor. 

While  river.  Indiana,  runs  nearly  parallel  with 


the  Ohio,  at  the  distance  of  from  40  to  60  mile? 
and  enters  the  Wabash,  16  m.  below  Vincennes, 

White  river,  t.  Knox  co.  Indiana.     Pop.  974. 

White  river,  r.  which  rises  in  the  western  part 
of  the  Arkansaw  Territory,  and  after  a  circuitous 
course  oi  more  than  1,200  miles,  falls  into  tbe  Mis- 
sissippi 20  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansaw, 
There  are  no  obstructions  to  the  navigation  for 
many  hundred  miles,  and  the  water  is  sufficiently 
deep  even  m  the  dryest  seasons.  The  lands  on 
this  river  have  never  been  explored  till  recently. 
They  are  now  universally  represented  by  those 
who  have  traversed  the  country,  as  extremely 
fertile,  and  among  the  finest  in  America  for  set- 
tlement. A  tract  of  at  least  100  miles  square  may 
be  chosen,  which  is  not  surpassed  by  the  best  lan<i 
in  Kentucky. 

Whitetmrn,  t.  Scotland,  in  Linlithgow,  21  bq. 
W.  Edinburgh,  23  E.  S.  E.  Glasgow. 

Whitehaven,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  on  a 
bay  of  the  Irish  sea.  It  has  a  good  artificial  har- 
bour, with  a  long  pier.  The  coal-mine3  here  are 
sunk  to  the  depth  of  130  fathoms,  and  extend  un- 
der the  sea.  Here  are  copperas  works,  which 
yield  considerable  profit.  Its  chief  trade  is  fur- 
nishing Ireland  and  part  of  Scotland  with  saiL  and 
coal.  40  m.  S.  W.  Carlisle,  303  N.  ]\'.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Lon.  S^SB' W.Lat.54''28'iN.    Pop.  10,016. 

Whitehorn,  or  Withern,  t.  Scotland,  lu  Wigton 
CO.  12  m.  S.  Wigton,  409  N.  Loudon.  Lon.  4*^ 
27'  W,  Lat.  54"  50'  N.     Pop.  l,yo4. 

Whitehorn,  small  isl.  Scotland,  near  the  S.  "EL 
coast  of  Wigton.     Lon.  4"  27'  W.  Lat.  54°  46'  N. 

Whitekirk,  t.  Scotland,  in  Haddington,  4  m.  S. 
E.  North  Berwick. 

Whiten  Head,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Scotland. 
Lon.  4"  22'  W.  Lat.  58^'  37'  N. 

Whitesand  bay,  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Eng- 
land, in  Cornwall,  N.  of  the  Land's  End.  Lon. 
5°  34'  W.  Lat.  50"  6'  N. 

Whitesborough,  p-v.  in  Whitestown,  and  cap.  of 
Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  4  m.  N.  W.  Utica.  it  is  princi- 
pally built  on  a  single  street,  1|  miles  long,  and 
contains  a  handsome  court-house,  a  jail,  and  2 
churches,  1  for  Baptists  and  1  ior  Presbyterians. 
Many  of  the  dwelling  houses  are  elegant. 

White's  creek,  p-v.  Rhea  co.  Tennessee. 

White  Sea,  large  gulf  of  the  Frozen  Sea,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Russia.  Lon.  31"  to  41"  E.  Lat.  63"  30' 
to  67"  20' N. 

Whitestown,  p-t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
hawk, comprising  the  villages  of  Utica,  Whites- 
borough,  and  New  Hartford.     Pop.  4,912. 

Whitesville,  t.  and  cap.  Columbus  co.  N.  C. 

White  sulphur  springs,  p-v.  Greenbriar  co.  Va 

White  water,  r.  which  rises  in  Indiana,  and  re- 
ceiving numerous  tributaries,  runs  into  the  Mi- 
ami, in  Ohio,  5  m.  above  the  junction  of  that  riv- 
er with  the  Ohio,  20  below  Brookville.  It  is  a 
beautiful  transparent  stream.  It  has  a  rapid  cur- 
rent, not  easily  navigable,  but  is  well  adapted  to 
mills,  and  many  are  now  erected. 

White  woman'' s  river,  Ohio,  is  formed  by  the  un- 
ion />f  Mohiccan  and  Owl  creeks,  and  flows  into  ' 
the  Muskingum,  at  Coshocton. 

Whiiing,  p-t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter  creek, 
50  m.  S  .^  W.  Montpelier.     Pop.  565. 

WhUvigham,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  52  m.  S 
Windsor.,     Pop.  1,248. 

Whitle%[,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,264. 

Whitpalne,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  955. 

Whitstajk,  s-p.  Eiag.  in  Kent,  near  the  mouth 


W  I  E 


W  I  L 


769 


of  the  Swale,  7  m.  N.  Canterbury,  58  E.  London. 
Lon.  rs'E.  Lat.  5r22'N. 

Whitsun  Island,  isl.  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean. 
Lon.  137"  36'  W.  Lat.  19°  26'  S. 

Whitmn.,  or  Whitsunday  Island,  or  Pentecost, 
one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  about  30  miles  long  and 
8  broad.     Lon.  168°  20' E.  Lat.  15"  44'  S. 

Whittle  le  Woods,  t.  Eng.  m  Lancashire,  5  m.  N. 
Wigan. 

Whittlesea,  t.  Eng,  in  Cambridge,  18  m.  N.  E. 
Huntingdon,  77  N.  London. 

Whittofi,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  on  the  Hum- 
ber,  15  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Glamford  Briggs. 

Whymea  Road,  a  road  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the 
island  Of  Attooi. 

Wiblingen,  t.  Wurtemberg,  with  a  bcnedictine 
abbey,  near  the  conflux  of  the  Her  with  the  Dan- 
ube, 3  m.  S.  S.  W.  Ulm. 

Wiburg.     See  Fihoig. 

Wick,  seaport,  Scotland,  iu  Caitliness  co.  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which  forms 
a  bay  of  the  Northern  ocean.  It  is  a  royal  burgh. 
18  m.  S.  .John  O'Groat's  House,  272  N.  Edin- 
burgh. Lon.  2°  59'  W.  Lat.  58°  24'  N.  Pop. 
5,080. 

Wickerad,  t.  Germany,  3  m.  N.  E.  Erkelens,  12 
N.  Juliers. 

Wickford,  p-v.  in  North  Kingston,  R.  I.  on  Nar- 
raganset  bay,  9  m.  N.  W.  Newport.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated,  and  contains  about  100  dwelhng- 
houses,  a  bank,  an  academy  with  a  building  of  60 
feet  by  30,  and  about  60  students ;  3  churches,  1 
each  for  Baptists,  Episcopalians,  and  Quakers. 

Wickham,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  4  m.  W.  S.  W. 
Newcastle. 

Wickham  Market,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Ipswich,  81  N.  N.  E.  London. 

Wickham,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  St.  Francis,  30  m.  S.  Three-Rivers. 

Wickham,  t.  Queens  co.  New  Brunswick,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  St.  John's. 

Wicklow,  county,  Ireland,  bounded  N.  by  Dub- 
lin, E.  by  the  Irish  sea,  S.  by  Wexford,  and  W.  by 
Kildare  and  Carlow.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Wicklow,  seaport,  Ireland,  in  Wicklow  co.  on  a 
small  harbor  on  the  Irish  sea,  41  m.  N.  Wexford, 
22  S.  Dublin.     Lon.  6°  3'  W.  Lat.  52°  59'  N. 

Wickware,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  23  m.  S.  Glou- 
cester, 111  W.  London.  Lon.  2"  26'  W.  Lat. 51° 
39'  N. 

Wicomico,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  Fishing  bay, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Chesapeake. 

Wied,  or  Old  Wied,  t.  Germany,  9  m.  N.  Co- 
blentz. 

Wiedenbruck,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Westphalia, 
32  m.  S.  S.  E.  Osnabruck.  Lon,  8°  18'  E.  Lat. 
51°45'N.     Pop.  1,900. 

Wiegandsthal,  or  Wiegenfhal,  t.  Prussian  stales, 
in  Silesia,  1 1  m.  S.  Lauban. 

Wiehe,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Saxony,  26  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Erfurt,  19  N.  Weimar.  Lon.  11°  35'  £. 
Lat.  51°  18'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Wielicsa,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  celebrated  for  its 
salt-mines,  which  produce  a  great  revenue.  The 
inhabitants  reside  chiefly  in  the  mines,  and  the 
church  is  under  ground.  8  m.  S.  Cracow.  Pop. 
2,200. 

Wien,  r.  Austria,  which  runs  into  the  Danube, 
at  Vienna. 

Wieprz,  or  Wirpz,  r.  Poland,  which  runs  into 
the  Vistula,  near  Stericza. 

Wiesen,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rhine,  a  little  below  Bale 


Wiesensteig,  t.  Wurtemberg,  and  capital  of  a 
lordship  of  the  same  name,  25  m.  S.  E.  Stuttgart, 
16  N.  W.  Ulm. 

Wiesenthal,  Bohmisch,  t.  Bohemia,  25  m.  N.  W. 
Saatz,  60  W.  N.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  12°  57'  E.  Lat. 
50°  23'  N. 

Wiesenthal,  (Ober,)  t.  Saxony,  11  m.  S.  E. 
Schwartzenberg. 

Wiesenthal,  (Unter,)  t.  Saxony,  10  m.  S.  E. 
Schwartzenberg. 

Wietlisbach,  t.  Switzerland,  20  m.  N.  Berne,  5 
N.  E.  Soleure. 

Wigan,  t.  England,  in  Lancashire,  considerable 
for  its  manufactures  of  checks,  linen,  and  cotton. 
That  species  of  coal  called  Caunel,  is  found  in 
great  plenty  in  the  neighbourhood.  Wigan  is  on 
a  small  stream  called  Douglas,  which  is  made  nav- 
igable to  the  nibble,  and  joins  to  a  canal  from 
Liverpool.  It  send?  two  members  to  the  British 
parliament.  Pop.  14,060.  39  m.  S.  Lancaster, 
196N.  N.W.London.  Lon.2°33'W.  Lat.53°31'N. 

Wigger,  r.  Switzerland,  which  runs  into  the 
Aar,  3  m.  N.  W.  ZoiTuigen. 

Wighcomico,  short  navigable  river,  Md.  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac,  35  m.  above  its  mouth. 

Wight,  Isle  of,  island  in  the  English  channel, 
near  the  coast,  and  forming  a  part  oi  the  county 
of  Hants,  about  21  miles  long  and  13  broad.  The 
S.  coast  is  bounded  with  steep  rocks  of  chalk  and 
free-stone,  and  on  the  W.  are  those  rocks  called 
the  Needles.  The  air  is  healthy,  and  the  soil  fer- 
tile, and  the  production  of  corn  in  one  year  is  said 
to  be  equal  to  the  consumption  of  eight. 

Wiglen,  small  isl.  in  the  North  sea,  near  the 
coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  65°  N. 

Wigmore,  v.  Eng.  in  Shropshire,  8  m.  N.  W. 
Leominster. 

Wigstadtel,  or  Wakow,  t.  Silesia,  10  m.  S.  Trop- 
pau,  35  W.  Teschen.  Lon.  17"  47'  E.  Lat.  49° 
38' N. 

Wigton,  t.  Eng.  in  Cumberland,  11  m.  S.  W. 
Carlisle,  304  N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  23'  W. 
Lat  54°  44'  N. 

Wigton,  seaport,  Scotland,  in  a  large  bay  on 
the  east  coast  of  Wigtonshire.  It  is  a  royal  burgh. 
56  m.  W.  N.  W.  Dumfries,  105  S.  W.  Edinburgh. 
Lon.  4°  27'  W.  Lat.  54°  58'  N. 

Wigton  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Irish  sea,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Cree, 
between  the  counties  of  Wigton  and  Kirkud- 
bright. 

Wigtonshire,  county,  Scotland,  bounded  N.  by 
Ayrshire  and  the  sea,  E.  by  the  county  of  Kircud- 
bright and  Wigton  bay,  and  S.  and  W.  by  the 
Irish  sea.     Pop.  26,891. 

Wigworm  Point,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Patago- 
nia, in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  3  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Cape  Providence. 

WiliatZy  or  Biliacs,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  60  m.  S. 
Carlstadt,  180  W.  Belgrade.     Pop.  5,000. 

Wike,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  5  m.  S.  Bradford. 

Wilbcrforce,  a  town  of  liberated  negroes  in  the 
colony  of  Sierra  Leone.  The  Church  Missionary 
Society  support  a  minister  here. 

Wilbraham,  i.  Hartiden  co.  Mass.  10  m.  S.  E. 
Springfield,  89  S.  W.  Boston.     Pop.  1,776. 

Wilcox,  CO.  Alabama. 

Wildbad,  t.  Wurtemberg,  celebrated  for  it- 
warm  baths,  30  m.  N.  E.  Strasburg,  24  W.  Stutt- 
gard.    Lon,  8"  26'  E.  Lat.  48°  40'  N.     Pop.  1,500. 

Wildberg,  t.  Wurtemberg,  on  the  Nagold,  3m. 
N.  Nagold,  19  S.  W.  Stuttgard,  Lon.  8°48'F. 
Lat.  48°  33' N,     Pop.  1.700 


n^o 


w  I  L 


W  I  L 


Wildbergf  or  Wildbergen,  t.  Prussian  btates,  2B 
m.  N.  Brandenburg,  38  N.  W.  Berlin.  Lon.  12" 
38'  E.  Lat.  32°  65'  N. 

Wildeman,  t.  Hanover,  near  which  are  some 
mines  of  silver  and  lead,  6  m.  S.  W.  Goslar,  24 
N.  N.  E,  Grubenhagen.     Pop.  900. 

Wildenfels,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzge- 
birg,  5  m.  S,  E.  Zw^ickau. 

Wilder  ness,  p-v.  Spotsylvania  co.  Va. 

Wilderness,  t.  Austria,  on  the  Zeva,  8  m.  W.  S. 
tV.  Zisterstorf. 

Wildeshausen,  t.  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  20  m. 
S.  S.  W.  Bremen,  74  S.  VV.  Hamburg.  Lon.  8° 
27'  E.  Lat.  52°  52'  N.     Pop.  2,408. 

Wildswiibnch,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Elbe,  6  m.  below  Dresden. 

Wildungen,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of 
Waldeck,  7  m.  S.  S.  E.  Wiildeck,  82  E.  Cologn. 
Lon.  9"  8' E.  Lat.  51"  7' N. 

Wilhelmsthal,  or  J^Temtadtel,  a  mine  town  of  Si- 
lesia, 15  m.  S.  E.  Glatz.  Lon.  16°  42'  E.  Lat.  50° 
3'N. 

Wilkes,  CO.  N.  C.  Pop.  9,054,  including  1,194 
slaves. 

Wilkes,  p-t.  and  cap.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C.  50  m.  W. 
Germantown. 

Wilkes,  CO.  Geo.  on  the  S.  side  of  Broad  river. 
Pop.  14,887,  including  slaves.  Chief  town,  Wash- 
ington. Bolton  factory  is  8  m.  S.  W.  Washing- 
ton. 

Wilkesbarre,  or  Wilkesburg,  formerly  Wyoming, 
p-t.  and  cap.  Luzerne  co.  Penn.  on  the  S.  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  church,  bank,  and  academy.  A  dreadful 
massacre  was  committed  in  this  place,  during  the 
American  war,  by  tlie  Indians  under  the  command 
of  colonel  Butler.  119  m.  N.  W.  Philadelphia, 
121  N.  E.  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1,225. 

Wilkesville,  p-t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Gallipolis.     Pop.  in  1815,  315. 

Wilkinson.     See  Marion,  co.  Geo. 

Wilkinson,  co.  Mississippi,  on  Mississippi  river. 
Pop.  in  1816,  7,275,  including  4,057  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Woodville. 

Wilkinsonville,  p-v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

Wilkinsonville,  t.  Johnson  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Ohio,  half  way  between  the  mouth  of  the  river 
and  fort  Massac. 

Wilkomiers,  t.  Russia,  in  Wilna,  on  the  Swienta, 
near  its  union  with  the  Wilna,  44  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Wilna,  100  S.  E.  Riga. 

Willamantic,  r.  Ct.  which  unites  with  the 
Natchaug  or  Mount  Hope,  at  Windham,  and 
forms  Shetucket  river. 

Willemstadt,  or  Williamstadt,  a  strong  t.  Hol- 
land, on  the  part  of  the  Meuse  called  Butterrliet. 
It  is  one  of  the  keys  of  Holland,  and  defended  with 
7  bastions  and  double  fosse ;  it  has  also  a  good  har- 
bor. 12  m.  S.  W.  Dort,  14  W.  N.  W.  Breda. 
Lon.  4°  18'  E.  Lat.  51°  41'  N. 

Willenberg,  or  Wildenberg,  t.  Prussia,  93  m.  S. 
Konigsberg,  94  E.  Culm.  Lon.  20°  53'  E.  Lat. 
53° 11  N. 

William,  Fort,  formerly  J^ew  Fort,  a  British 
post,  on  Dog  river,  a  considerable  stream,  which 
runs  into  lake  Superior  just  below,  and  is  naviga- 
ble to  the  fort  for  vessels  on  the  lake. 

William  Henry,  v.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  point 
of  land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sorel  with 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Williams,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  the  Connecti- 
cut, 3  m.  above  Bellows  falls. 

Williams,  co.  Ohio,  on  Maumee  river,  formed 
in  1820,  in  the  Indian  reservation. 


Williamsborough,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Foito 
619. 

Williamsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Granville  co.  N. 
C.  pleasantly  situated  on  a  creek  which  runs  int» 
the  Roanoke,  17  m.  from  Warrenton,  48  N.  E. 
Hillsborough.  It  contams  a  court-house,  jail, 
academy,  and  40  houses,  and  carries  on  a  brisk 
trade  with  the  back  country. 

Williamsburg,  t.  Dundas  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence.  Here  was  fought  the  battle  of 
Chrystler's  farm. 

Williamsburg,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  40  m.  N. 
W.  Bangor. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  8  m.  N 
W,  Northampton.     Pop.  1,122. 

Williamsburg.     See  Jonestown,  Pa. 

Williamsburg,  t.  Talbot  co.  Md.  5  m.  N.  E. 
Easton. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  James  City  co.  Va.  60  m.  E- 
Richmond,  situated  between  two  creeks,  one  of 
which  falls  into  James,  the  other  into  York  river. 
It  was  formerly  the  metropolis  of  the  State,  and  is 
regularly  laid  out  in  parallel  streets,  with  a  square 
in  the  centre,  through  which  runs  the  principal 
street  E.  and  W.  about  a  mile  long,  and  more  than 
100  feet  wide.  At  the  opposite  ends  of  this  street 
are  two  public  buildings,  the  col.lcge  and  capitol. 
Besides  these,  there  is  an  Episcopal  c  hurch,  a 
court-house,  jail,  and  hospital.     Pop.  1,500. 

The  college  of  William  and  Mary  was  founded 
here  in  1691,  in  the  time  of  king  William  and 
queen  Mary,  who  liberally  endowed  it.  The  col- 
lege flourished  for  a  number  of  years  in  great 
prosperity,  and  in  former  times  furnished  lor  the 
service  of  the  State  many  good  scholars;  but  the 
war  of  the  revolution  gave  it  a  shock  from  which 
it  has  not  yet  recovered.  On  the  decease  of  bish- 
op Madison,  the  late  president,  it  seemed  to  be 
threatened  with  total  extinction.  Exertions,  how- 
ever, have  been  recently  made  to  revive  it,  and 
sanguine  hopes  are  entertained  by  some  that  it 
will  again  flourish.  The  library  contains  between 
3,000  and  4,000  volumes,  and  the  philosophical 
apparatus  is  valuable.  There  are  nominally  6 
professorships,  but  only  3  or  4  are  occupied.  'The 
buildings  are  of  brick,  and  sutficient  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  about  100  students. 

Williamsburg,  district,  S.  C.  Pop.  6,871,  in- 
cluding 4,51 8  slaves. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, 72  m.  N.  N.  E.  Charleston. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Ten. 
on  the  N.  side  of  Cumberland  river,  15  m.  E.  N.  E- 
Carthage. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  Whitley  co.  Kentucky, 

Williamsburg,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  east  fork  of  the  Little  Miami,  14  m.  from 
Ohio  river,  22  S.  E.  Cincinnati.  Pop.  in  1815. 
234.  It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about 
60  houses. 

WUliamsfield,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

Williamson,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Onta- 
rio, 20  m.  N.  Canandaigua.     Pop.  1,139. 

Williamson,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop.  13,153, 
including  3,985  slaves.     Chief  town,  Franklin. 

Williamsport,  p-t.  borough,  and  cap.  Lycoming 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
38  m.  above  Northumberland.     Pop.  344. 

Williamsport,  p-t.  Washington  co.  Md.  on  the 
Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Conecocheague,  6 
m.  W.  Elizabethtown,  37  N.  by  E.  Winchesters, 
Virginia. 

WilliamstoTi)  p-t.  and  cap.  Martin  co.  N.  C.  on 


W  I  L 

tiTfe  Roanoke,  50  m.  S.  E.  Halifax,  25  from  Blounts- 
ville. 

Williamslowru,  p-t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,353. 

Williamstovm,  p-t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  in  the 
N.  W.  corner  of  the  state,  bordering  on  Vermont 
and  New  York,  28  m.  N.  Lenox,  138  W.  N.  W. 
Boston.  It  is  well  watered  by  Hoosack  and  Green 
rivers.     Pop.  1,843. 

Williams  college  in  this  town,  was  incorporated 
in  1793,  and  named  after  Col.  Ephraim  Williams, 
its  principal  benefactor.  Its  officers  are  a  presi- 
dent, 2  professors,  and  3  tutors.  It  has  a  library 
of  about  1,500  volumes,  a  valuable  philosophical 
and  chemical  apparatus,  and  about  90  students. 
The  whole  number  who  had  been  educated  here 
in  1817,  was  473.  The  buildings  are  two  edifices 
of  brick,  about  100  feet  long  and  40  wide,  and  4 
stories  high,  containing  a  chapel,  library  room, 
philosophical  chamber,  and  60  rooms  for  students. 

Williamstown,  p-t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  592. 

Williamslown,  p-t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,243. 

Williamsville,  p-v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

WilliarmviUe,  p-v.  Person  co.  N.  C. 

Williamsville,  p-v.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

WiUinborough,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware,  14  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

Willingborough,  p-v.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

JVillinghausen,  t.  Prussian  states,  10  m.  W. 
Lippstadt. 

Willington,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  26  m.  from  Hart- 
ford, 26  from  Norwich.     Pop.  1,161. 

Willington,  ^-\.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C. 

Willink,  p-t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  S.  Bufi'alo, 
3 1 5  W .  Albany.     Pop.  2,028. 

Willis^  creek,  r.  Md,  which  runs  into  the  Po» 
tomac,  at  Fort  Cumberland. 

Willis  Island,  isl.  in  the  S.  Atlantic  ocean,  near 
the  N.  W.  coast  ot  the  island  of  Georgia.  Lon. 
38"  23'  W.  Lat.  54"  S. 

WHliston,  p-t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  8  ra.  S.  E. 
Buriington.     Pop.  1,195. 

Willisloivn,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,175. 

Willoughby,  t.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  14  m.  S.  E. 
Coventry,  77  N.  W.  London. 

Willoughby,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
Niagara  river,  just  above  the  falls. 

Willow-grove,  p-v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

Willow-grove,  p-v.  Salem  co.  S.  C. 

Wills,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  Cambridge. 
Pop.  659. 

Willsborough,  p-t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake 
Champlain.     Pop.  663. 

WiiW  creek,  r.  Oliio,  which  runs  into  the  Mus- 
kingum, between  Zanesville  and  Coshocton.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats  to  Cambridge. 

Wilhtadt,  t.  Germany,  7  m.  S.  E.  Strasburg,  20 
N.  W.  Freudenstadt. 

Willtown,  p-v.  Fairfield  co.  Ct. 

Willtown,  p-v.  Charleston  district,  S.  C.  on 
Edisto  river,  27  m.  W.  S.  W.  Charleston. 

Willy,  r.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Avon,  near 
Salisbury. 

Wilmington,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  46  m.  S. 
Windsor.     Pop.  1,193. 

Wilmington,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  16  m.  N. 
Boston.     Pop.  716. 

Wilmington,  port  of  entry,  Newcastle  co.  Del- 
aware, and  the  largest  town  in  the  State,  is  situ- 
ated between  Christiana  and  Brandywine  creeks, 
about  a  mile  above  their  confluence,  2  m.  W.  of 
Delaware  river,  28  S.  W  Philadelphia,  72  N.  E, 


W  I  L 


791 


Baltimore.  The  principal  part  of  the  town  is  sit- 
uated on  the  S.  W.  side  of  a  hill,  which  rises  109 
feet  above  the  tide,  and  is  regularly  laid  out  in 
streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  On 
the  N.  E.  side  of  the  same  hill,  at  a  village  on  the 
Brandywine,  separated  by  a  short  space  from  the 
rest  of  the  town,  are  14  flour  mills,  forming  the 
finest  collection  in  the  United  States.  The  Bran- 
dywine and  Christiana  abound  with  numerous  ex- 
cellent mill  seats,  and  they  have  been  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  improved,  making  Wilmington 
the  centre  of  one  of  the  most  important  manufac- 
turing districts  in  the  United  States.  In  1815, 
there  were  within  9  miles  of  the  town,  44  flour 
mills,  13  cotton  manufactories,  15  saw  mills,  6 
woollen  manufactories,  6  gunpowder  mills,  and 
several  others.  The  Christiana  admits  vessels 
drawing  14  feet  of  water  to  the  town,  and  those 
of  8  feet  can  ascend  8  miles  further.  The  Bran- 
dywine has  7  feet  of  water  to  the  mills.  The 
amount  of  shipping  owned  here  in  1815,  was 
9,591  tons.  The  town  contains  2  market-houses, 
a  spacious  alms-house  built  of  stone,  3  banks,  an 
academy,  a  United  States  arsenal,  and  8  houses  of 
public  worship,  2  for  Presbyterians,  2  for  Episco- 
palians, 1  for  Friends,  1  for  Baptists,  1  for  Roman 
Catholics,  and  1  for  Methodists.  Lon.  77°  34'  W. 
Lat.  39°  43'  N.    Pop.  4,416. 

Wilmington,  p-v.  Fluvanna  co.  Va. 

Wilmington,  port  of  entry  and  cap.  New  Hano- 
ver CO.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  E.  side  of  Cape  Fear 
river,  just  below  the  confluence  of  the  N.  E.  and 
N.  W.  branches,  34  miles  from  the  sea,  100  S.  W. 
Newbern,  95  S.  S.  E.  Fayetteville,  146  S.  Raleigh, 
190  N.  E.  Charleston.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  academy,  2  banks,  and  2  houses  of  public 
worship,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Presbyte- 
rians. Wilmington  is  the  depot  for  the  produce  ^ 
a  large  section  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  exports 
from  this  port  have  usually  been  twice  as  much 
as  from  all  the  other  ports  of  the  state.  It  labors, 
however,  under  several  disadvantages :  the  situa- 
tion is  considered  unhealthy,  and  vessels  drawing 
more  than  1 1  feet  of  water,  cannot  pass  over  the 
flats,  formed  20  miles  below  the  town,  by  the  meet- 
ing of  the  tide  waters  with  the  current  of  the  riv- 
er. An  engineer,  under  the  direction  of  the  state, 
has  recently  examined  the  flats,  with  a  view  to 
determine  whether  the  channel  at  this  place  can 
be  deepened,  or  whether  it  will  be  better  to  make 
a  port  at  Smithville,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
where  there  is  a  convenient  harbor,  and  sufficient 
depth  of  water.  Opposite  Wilmington,  in  the 
river,  are  two  islands,  which  divide  it  into  three 
channels.  They  afibrd  the  finest  rice  fields  in  the 
state.  The  amount  of  shipping  belonging  to  this 
port  in  1815,  was  14,374  tons.  Pop.  about  2,000. 
Lon.  78°  15'  W.  Lat.  34"  1 1'  N. 

Wilmington,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
at  the  mouth  of  Savaimah  river. 

Wilmington,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  55 
m.  N.  W.  ChiUicothe,  60  S.  W.  Columbus.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1807,  and  has  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  about  40  houses. 

Wilmington,  p-t.  Licking  co,  Ohio,  10  m.  N. 
Newark. 

Wilmington,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  Woos- 
ter. 

Wilmot,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  near  Annapolis. 

Wilmol,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  23  m.  N.  W. 
Concord.     Pop.  298. 

Wilna,  city,  Russia,  in  Wilna,  on  the  Wilna, 
in  a  mountainous  country,  on  several  little  emi- 


792 


W  I  N 


nences.  Here  is  a  magnificent  church,  remarka- 
ble for  the  elegant  marble  chapel  of  St.  Casimir, 
whose  silver  shrine  is  said  to  weigh  thirty  quin- 
tals. There  are  upwards  of  40  churches  in  this 
city,  and  among  these,  one  Lutheran,  and  one 
Calvinist  church,  a  Jewish  sjmagogue,  a  Tartarian 
church,  and  a  Greek  church ;  but  all  the  rest  are 
Popish  churches.  Wilna  has  suffered  several 
times  severely  by  fire.  Wilna  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  The  university  was  founded  in  1570.  168 
m.  E.  Konigsberg,  216  N.  E.  Warsaw.  Lon.  25" 
18'  E.  Lat.  54"  36'  N.     Pop.  20,900. 

Wilna,  p-t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river. 

Wilsden,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  Halifax. 

fVilsdmf,  or  Wilsdorf,  t.  Saxony,  9  m.  W.  Drcs- 
den,  9  S.  Meissen.     Lon.  13°  8'  E.  Lat.  51°  N. 

JVilsnach,  t.  Prussian  states,  in  Brandenburg,  8 
m.  S.  Perleberg,  56  W.N.  W.  Berlin.  Pop.  1,400. 

Wilson,  t,  Scotland,  in  Lanerkshire,  5  m.  E. 
Lanerk. 

Wilson,  CO.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Cumberland  river.  Pop.  11,952,  including  2,297 
slaves.     Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

Wilsonville,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa,  on  the  Lacka- 
waxen,  120  m.  N.  Philadelphia.  Here  are  nu- 
merous mills. 

Wilster,  t.  grand  duchy  of  Holstein,  8  m.  N. 
Gluckstadt,  34  N.  W.  Hamburg.     Pop.  1,700. 

Wilton,  t.  Eng.  in  Wiltshire,  on  the  Willy. 
Wilton  is  much  reduced  from  what  it  formerly 
was,  but  is  still  the  county  town,  a  corporation, 
and  borough ;  sending  2  members  to  the  British 
parliament.  The  celebrated  collection  of  antiqui- 
ties in  this  place,  contains  the  whole  collection  of 
the  cardinals  P^ichlieu  and  Mazarine,  and  the 
greatest  part  of  the  Earl  of  Arundel's.  3  m.  W. 
Salisbury,  85  W.,S.  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  51'  W. 
Lat.  51°  4'  N.     Pop.  2,200. 

Wilton,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  35  m.  N.  W. 
Augusta.     Pop.  770. 

Wilton,  p-t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  28  m.  S. 
Concord.    Pop.  1,017. 

WiUon,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  34  m.  W.  New  Ha- 
Ten.  It  contains  an  academy,  and  3  churches,  1 
each  for  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Metho- 
dists.    Pop.  1,728. 

Wiltshire,  county,  England,  bounded  N.  by 
Gloucestershire,  E.  by  Berkshire  and  Hampshire, 
S.  by  Hampshire  and  Dorsetshire,  and  W.  by  Som- 
ersetshire and  Gloucestershire;  about  54  miles 
miles  long  and  34  in  its  greatest  breadth.  Pop. 
193,828. 

Wimbledon,  v.  Eng.  in  Surry,  9  m.  S.  London. 

Wimpfen,  t.  Germany,  in  Hes^c-Darmstadt,  on 
the  Neckar,  near  which  it  is  joined  by  the  Jaxt, 
8  m.  N.  Heilbronn,  38  E.  S.  E.  Manheim.  Lon. 
9°  15'  E.  Lat.  49°  15'  N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Winander  Mere,  or  Winder  Mere,  lake,  Eng. 
in  Westmoreland  co.  15  miles  long  and  2  broad, 
17  m.  S.  S.  E.  Keswick,  270  N.  N.  W.  London. 

Winberg.     See  Winlerberg. 

Winburn  Minster,  t.  Eng.  in  Dorset  co.  situated 
on  the  river  Stour,  7  m.  N.  Pool,  102  S.  W.  Lon- 
don.     Lon.  2°  5'  W.  Lat.  50°  48'  N.     Pop.  3,039. 

Wincaunton,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  In  this 
town  was  shed  the  first  blood  in  the  revolution  of 
1688.  30  m.  S.  Bath,  108  W.  London.  Lon.  2" 
35'  W.  Lat.  5r'  2'  N.     Pop.  1,100. 

Wincficombe,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester  co.  situated 
on  a  brook  which  runs  into  the  Avon,  16  m.  N.  E. 
Gloucester,  93  W.  London.  Lon.  1°58'W.  Lat. 
5r59'N. 

Winchelsea,  t.  Ecgland,  in  Sussex,  and  one  of 


W  I  N 

the  Cmque-Ports.  It  is  much  decayed,  but  still 
sends  two  membei's  to  parliament.  8  m.  N.  E. 
Hastings,  67  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  42'  E.  Lat. 
50°  55'  N.     Pop.  600. 

Winchendon,  p-t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  32  m. 
N.  W.  Worcester.     Pop.  1,173. 

Winchester,  city,  Eng.  in  Hants,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  river  Aire,  ca  lied  by  Ptolemy  and  Antoni- 
nus, Venta  Belgarum.  It  was  very  considerable 
in  the  time  of  the  Romans,  and  under  the  hep- 
tarchy became  the  residence  of  the  Saxon  kings. 
A  noble  college  was  founded  here  in  1387,  with 
endowments  for  a  warden,  70  scholars,  10  fellows, 
&c.  The  city  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
61  m.  E.  S.  E.  Bath,  63  S.  W.  London.  Loo.  T 
16'  W.  Lat.  51 '  4'  N.     Pop.  6,705. 

Winchester,  t.  Dundas  co.  Upper  Canada. 

Winchester,  p-t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  52  m,  S.W. 
Concord.     Pop.  1,478. 

Winchester,  p-t.  Litclifield  co.  Ct.  27  m.  N.  W. 
Hartford,     Pop.  1,446. 

Winchester,  p-t.  and  cap.  Frederick  co.  Virgin- 
ia, near  the  head  of  Opeckon  creek,  a  branch  of 
the  Potomac,  36  ra.  W.  Hai-per's  Ferry,  70  W. 
N.  W.  Washington,  168  N.  N.  W.  Richmond.  It 
is  a  handsome  and  flourishing  town,  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  2  banks,  2 
academies,  a  market-house,  almshouse,  and  6 
houses  of  public  worship  for  as  many  different  de- 
nominations. Several  of  the  houses  are  built  of 
stone,  but  the  principal  part  are  of  brick.  Pop. 
about  3,000.  Lat.  39"  16'  N.  Lon.  77"  28'  W. 

Winchester,  p-t.  and  cap,  Clarke  co.  Ken.  on  a 
branch  of  Licking  river,  30  m.  from  Lexington. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house,  jail,  and 
academy.     Pop.  about  1,000. 

Winchester,  p-t.  and  cap.  Frankhn  co.  W.  Ten- 
nessee.    Here  is  an  academy. 

Winchester,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  S.  Mounl- 
vernon. 

Winchester,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  N.  E. 
Cambridge. 

Winchester,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  from  Zenia. 

Winchester,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

Winchester,  p-t.  and  cap.  New  Madrid  co.  Mis- 
souri. 

Windau,  seaport,  Russia,  in  Courtland,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Wera,  on  the  Baltic.  It  has  a 
cabtle,  once  the  residence  of  the  Livonian  knights. 
It  is  chiefly  supported  by  ship-building,  and  ex- 
porting pitch,  tar,  wax,  &c.  8  m.  N.  N.  E.  Pil- 
tyu,  72  N.  W.  Riga.  Lon.  21"  32'  E.  Lat.  57° 
10'  N. 

Windeck,  t.  Netherlands,  9  m.  S.  S.  E.  Ghent. 

Windecken,  t.,  Germany,  4  m.  N.  Hanau,  9  E, 
N.  E.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine. 

Windham,  or  Wymondham,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk, 
9  m.  W.  S.  W.  Norwich,  103  N.  London.  Lon.  1° 
7'E.    Lat.  52°  34' N. 

Windham,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Upper  Canada. 

Windham,  p-t.  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  16  m. 
N.W.Portland.     Pop.  1,613. 

Windham,  p-t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  31  m.  S, 
W.  Portsmouth.     Pop.  742. 

Windham,  co.  Vt.  bounded  N.  by  Windsor  co. 
E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by  Massachusetts, 
and  W.  by  Bennington  co.  Pop.  26,760.  Chief 
town,  Ncwfane. 

Windham,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt,  25  m.  S.  W. 
Windsor.     Pop.  782. 

Windham,  co.  Ct.  bounded  N.  by  Massachu- 
setts, E.  by  Rhode  Island,  S.  by  New-London  co. 


W  I  N 


793 


W  I  N 

and  W,  by  Tolland  co.   Pop.  23,611.  Chief  town, 
Brooklyn. 

Windham,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  14  m.  N.  Nor- 
wich, 30  E.  Hartford,  44  W.  Providence.  Pop. 
2,416.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  for  Congrega- 
tioualists,  and  2  for  Baptists. 

Windham,  p-t.  Greene  co.  {N.  Y.)  S.  W.  of 
Catskill.  Pop.  3,965.  Here  the  Kaaterskill,  a 
small  creek  running  into  the  Catskill,  has  a  stu- 
pendous fall  over  a  perpendicular  precipice  of 
310  feet. 

Windisch  FeistrUz,  t.  Austria,  40  m,  S.  Gratz,     Lenox.     Pop.  1,108. 
110  S.  S.  W.  Vienna.     Lon.  15°  28'  E.     Lat.  46"  Windsor,  p-t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  VV.  jide 

30' N. 


on  the  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  16  miles  be- 
low Hanover,  61 S.  Monf  pelier,  40  E.  Rutland,  1 10 
N.  W.  Boston.  It  contains  a  court-house,  state 
prison,  a  female  academy,  and  2  houses  of  public 
worship,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Bap-? 
tists.  The  village  is  very  jileasantly  situated  near 
the  bank  of  the  river,  and  has  many  well  built 
houses"  and  considerable  trade.  There  is  a  bridge 
across  the  Connecticut,  connecting  the  town  with 
Cornish.     Pop.  2,757. 

Windsor,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  E. 


Windish,  v.  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Berne, 
3  m.  W.  Baden. 

Windle,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  10  m.  N.  E.  Liv- 
erpool. 

Windrush,  r.  Eng.  in  Oxford,  wliich  runs  into 
the  Thames,  5  m.  S.  S.  W.  Witney. 

Windsbach,  t.  and  citadel,  Germany,  10  m.  S. 
E.  Anspach,  20  S.  W.  Nuremberg.  Lon.  10"  46' 
E.  Lat.  49"  13'  N. 

Windshtim,  t.  Bavaria,  28  m.  S.  W.  Wurzburg, 
36  S.  S.  W.  Bamberg.  Lon.  10°  26'  E.  Lat.  49° 
34'  N.     Pop.  4,300. 

Windsor,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire,  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames.  It  is  built  on  the  side 
of  a  hill,  and  consists  of  several  streets.  The  cas- 
tle is  said  to  have  been  built  before  the  Conquest, 
and  for  more  than  700  years  has  been  the  favorite 
country  residence  of  the  kings  of  England.  It  is 
a  magnificent  edifice,  containing  many  splendid 
apartments.  St.  George's  chapel  is  a  most  beau- 
tiful Gothic  building.  Adjoining  to  the  town  are 
two  royal  parks,  one,  called  the  Little  Park,  about 
three  miles  in  circumference ;  the  other,  called 
the  Great  Park,  is  said  to  be  20  :  both  are  well 
slocked  with  deer.  Windsor  sends  two  members 
to  parliament.  38  m.  E.  S.  E.  Oxford,  22  W. 
London.  Lon.  0°  32'  W.  Lat.  51°  28'  N.  Pop. 
5,272. 

Windsor,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Francis,  53  m.  S.  E.  Three  Rivers. 

Windsor,  t.  Hani's  co.  Nova  Scotia,  45  m.  N. 
W.  Halifax.  A  college  was  established  here  in 
1789,  by  the  legislature  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  en- 
dowed with  4O0Z.  per  annum,  together  with  the 
sums  requisite  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary 
buildings.  A  royal  charter  was  obtained  in  1802, 
which  authorises  the  establishment  of  3  or  more 
professorships,  and  12  or  more  scholarships,  and 
1,000/.  per  annum  was  gi-anted  for  the  support  of 
the  college.  Hitherto  the  funds  have  supported 
only  a  president  and  vice-president,  who  have  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  the  various  professorships, 
and  4  scholars,  who  have  an  annual  stipend  of  20/. 
each.  The  Society  in  England  for  propagating 
the  Gospel  have  recently  founded  8  new  scholar- 
ships, with  a  stipend  of  30/.  per  annum  for  each. 
The  college  is  designed  principally  tor  the  educa- 
tion of  clergymen  for  the  provinces  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia and  New-Brunswick.  Connected  with  the 
college  is  a  grammar  school,  designed  as  a  pre- 
paratory institution. 

Windsor,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  30  m.  S.  W. 
Concord. 

Windsor,  co.  Vt.  bounded  N.  by  Orange  co.  E. 
by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by  Windham  co.  and  W. 
by  Rutland  and  Orange  counties.  Pop.  34,877. 
Chief  town,  Woodstock. 

Windsor,  p-t.  and  cap.  Windsor  co.  Vermont, 

100 


of  Connect'ic"ut  river,  7  m.  above  Hartford.  Pop. 
2,868.  It  is  intersected  by  Farmington  river.  It 
contains  5  churches,  2  of  which  are  for  Congrega- 
tionalists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

Windsor,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  15  m.  t.  Chenango.     Pop.  1,960.      ^ 
Windsor,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.     Pop.  1 ,74 < . 
Windsor,  West,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.     Pop. 
1,714. 
Windsor,  p-t.  York  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,  /39. 
Windsor,  p-t.  and  cap.  Bertie  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
Cashie,  23  m.  W.  S.  W.  Edenton,  97  from  Hali- 
fax. 

Windsor,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand 
river,  14  m.  S.  W.  Jeflferson. 

Windicard  Passage,  a  name  given  to  a  course 
from  the  S.  E.  angle  of  the  island  of  Jamaica,  ia 
the  W.  Indies,  and  extending  160  leagues,  to  the 
N.  side  of  Crooked  Island,  in  the  Bahamas. 

Windu-ard  Islands,  in  opposition  to  Leeward. 
These  islands  in  the  West-Indies  extend  from  Mar- 
tinico  lo  Tobago. 

Windward  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  Christopher.  Lon.  62"  22'  W.  Lat. 
17°  23'  N. 

Winee,  or  Black  river,  S.  C.  unites  with  the  Pe- 
dee,  3  m.  above  Georgetown. 

Winenendale,  v.  Flanders,  8  m.  E.  N.  E.  Dix- 
mude.  . 

Winfield,  p-t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S.  Uti- 
ca.     It  was  formerly  part  of  Litchfield. 

Wing,  t.  Eng.  in  Buckinghamshire,  7  m.  N.  E, 
Avlcsburv 

Wingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  11  m.  W.  Deal,  62 
E.  Loudon.     Lon.  1°  12'  E.  Lat.  51°  16'  N. 

Wingham' s  Island,  small  isl.  near  the  N.  W.  coast 
of  America,  3  m.  N.  W.  Kaye's  Island.     Lon215° 
46'  E.  Lat.  60"  4' N. 

Winhall,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  25  m.  N.  E.  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  429. 

Winingen,  t.  Prussian  States,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Moselle,  5  m.  W  Coblentz. 

Winkoop^s  Bay,  or  Wine  Cooper's  Bc(t/,  Island, 
and  Cajte,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Java.  Lon.  of  th« 
cape,  106°  36'  E.  Lat.  7°  25'  S. 

Winlaton,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  6  m.  W.  New- 
castle. 

Winnebago,  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Fox  river, 
Michigan  T*?rritory,  it  is  about  30  m.  above  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  is  24  miles  long  and  10  wide 
Winenden,  t.  Wurtemburg,  12  m.  E.  N.  E^ 
Stuttgart,  7  S.  E.  Marpach.  Lon.  9°  30'  E.  Lat 
48°53'N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Winnipec,  Lake,  U.  States,  through  which  th^ 
Mississippi  parses  near  its  source.  It  is  about  14 
miles  long  and  9  wide.  Little  Lake  Wmnipec  h 
10  m.  below,  and  is  5  miles  long  and  3  wide. 

Winnipeg,  lake,  N.  America,  240  m.  long,  and 
from  50  to  109  broad  Lpc  97°  20'  W.  Lat,  ft?' 
10'  N 


704 


W  I  R 


JVinnipiseogee,  the  largest  lake  in  N.  H.  22  m. 
long  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  and  in  the  widest  part,  8 
broad. 

Winnipiseogee,  r.  N.  H.  which  issues  from  the 
S.  W.  part  of  Winnipiseogee  lake,  and  after  a 
course  of  20  miles  falls  into  the  Pemigewasset,  the 
main  branch  of  Merrimack  river. 

JVinnsborough,  p-t.  and  cap.  Fairfield  co.  S.  C. 
on  a  branch  of  the  Wateree,  30  m.  N.  N.  VV.  Co- 
lumbia, 145  N.  N.  W.  Charleston.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  jail,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  college 
called  Mount  Zion  college,  which,  however,  has 
not  hitherto  gone  into  operation. 

Winschote,  or  Winschotten,  t.  Netherlands,  in 
Groningen,  19  m.  E.  Groningen,  25  N.  Covorden. 

Wimen  am  der  Luhe,  t.  Germany,  12  m.  S.  E. 
Hamburg,  22  N.  W.  Luneburg. 

Winsloiv,  t.  Eng.  in  Bucks,  7  m.  S.  E.  Bucking- 
ham, 50  N.  VV.  London.  Lon.  0"  52'  W.  Lat.  51° 
66'  N. 

Winsloic,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Sebasticook, 
opposite  Waterville,  16  m.  N.  Augusta,  Pop.  658. 

Winder,  t.  Eng.  in  Derby,  26  m.  W.  Derby,  152 
N.  London.     Lon.  1°  31'  W.  Lat.  53"  12'  N. 

Winterberg,  or  JVinberg,  t.  Bohemia,  10  m.  W. 
Prachatitz,  26  N.  W.  Crumau.  Lon.  13°  39'  E. 
Lat.  49"  2'  N. 

Winteringham,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincoln,  166  m.  N. 
London. 

Winterthur,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Zurich.  It  was 
formerly  an  imperial  town.  The  eartlien-ware 
made  here  is  in  great  repute.  14  m.  N.  E.  Zu- 
rich, 21  N.  W.  Constance.     Pop.  3,280. 

Winterton,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  9  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Glanford  Brigs. 

Winterton^  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  near  the  coast,  7 
m.  N.  Yarmouth, 

Winterton  J^ess,  cape,  Eng.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Norfolk,  on  which  is  a  light-house,  10  m.  N.  Yar- 
mouth.    Lon.  r  41' E.  Lat.  52°  44' N. 

Winthrop,  p-t.  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  12  m.  W. 
Augusta.     Pop.  1,444. 

Winton,  p-t.  and  cap.  Hertford  co,  N.  C.  on  the 
S,  bank  of  Chowan  river,  35  m.  N,  VV.  Edenton. 
It  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  about  30 
houses. 

Wintonbury,  p-v.  Hartford  co.  Ct. 

Winlzig,  t.  Silesia,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Steinau,  9  N. 
W.  Wohlau,  24  S.  E.  Gross  Glogau.  Lon.  16"  36' 
E.  Lat.  51°  27'  N. 

Winyaw,  bay,  S.  C.  which  receives  Pedee, 
Wakkamaw,  and  Winee  rivers,  and  meets  the 
ocean  12  m.  below  Georgetown. 

Wipe,  t.  Prussia,  28  m.  N.  E.  Konigsberg. 

Wipe,  r.  Prussia,  which  runs  into  the  Curisch 
Haff,  10m.  E.N.  E.  Labiau. 

Wipper,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rhine,  between  Cologji  and  Zons. 

Wipper,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Saal, 
near  Bernberg. 

Wipperfurt,  t.  Germany,  27  m.  S.  E.  Dusseldorf. 
Lon.  7"  27'  E.  Lat.  51°  5'  N. 

Wippengen,  t.  Switzerland,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Fri- 
burg. 

Wippra,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Wipper,  10  m.  W, 
N.  VV.  Eiszleben,  20  E.  Nordhausen.  Lon.  11°  30' 
E.  Lat.  51°  30' N. 

Wirben,  t.  Germany,  on  the  left  side  of  the  Elbe, 
12  ra.  N.  Stendal,  13  S.  Perleber^. 

Wire,  one  of  the  smallest  Orkney  Islands,  sepa- 
rated from  Rousa  by  a  strait,  called  Wire  Sound, 
about  I  m.  broad.    Lon.  2°  51'  W.  Lat.  58°  58'  N 


W  I  T 

Wirksworth,  t.  Eng.  in  Derbyshire,  in  the  midst 
of  mountains  abounding  in  lead  ore,  13  m.  N.  Der- 
by, 106  N.  London.  Lon.  1"  27'  W.  Lat.  53°  8'  N. 
Pop.  5,474. 

Wirral,  or  Wirehall,  a  strip  of  land  in  Cheshire, 
Eng.  extending  from  the  city  of  Chester  to  the  sea, 
between  the  rivers  Dee  and  Mersey. 

Wisbaden,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Nassau. 
Here  are  some  medicinal  springs,  formerly  in 
great  repute.  5  m.  N.  W.  Mentz,  30  S.  W. 
Wetzlar.    Lon.  8°  9' E.  Lat.  50"  3' N.    Pop.  3,000. 

Wisbeach,  or  Wisbich,  or  Ombeach,  s-p.  Eng.  in 
Cambridgeshire,  on  a  navigable  river,  about  IB 
miles  from  the  sea,  17  m.  S.  W.  Lynn,  90  N. 
London.   Lon.  0°  5'  E.  Lat.  52°  39'  N.  Pop.  5,309. 

Wisby,  t.  Sweden,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Gothland,  formerly  one  of  the  Hanse  Towns. 
The  harbor  is  safe  and  commodious,  but  not  very 
large.   Lon.  18"  18'  E.  Lat.  57°  38'  N.    Pop.  3,745. 

Wiscasset,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  on  the  W.  side  of  Sheepscot  river,  14 
m.  N.  E.  Bath,' 49  N.  E.  Portland,  167  N.  N.  E. 
Boston.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  handsome 
stone  jail,  an  academy,  Congregational  meeting 
house,  bank  and  insurance  office.  The  harbor  is 
safe,  capacious,  easy  of  access,  and  open  at  all  sea- 
sons of  the  year.  A  large  amount  of  shipping  is 
owned  here.  The  number  of  tons  in  1815,  was 
18,429.     Pop.  in  1820,2,131. 

Wischau,  or  Wiskau,  t.  Moravia,  15  m.  E. 
Brunrv,  18  S.  S.  W.  Olmutz.  Lon.  16°  54'  E.  Lat. 
49°  17'  N.     Pop.  2,590. 

Wisesburg,  p-v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

WisharCs  Island,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of 
tlie  Solomon  islands.  Lon.  150°  55'  E.  Lat.  2°  20*8. 

Wisir,  small  isl.  in  the  Indian  Sea,  near  the  west 
coast  of  Aroo.    Lon.  134°  51'  E.  Lat.  15°  21'  S. 

Wisk,  or  Wirsk,  r.  Eng.  in  York,  which  runs 
into  the  Swale. 

Wisloch,  t.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  14  m. 
E.  Spire,  18  S.  E.  Manheim.  Lon.  8°  45'  E.  Lat. 
49°  18'  N.     Pop.  1,902. 

Wismar,  t.  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  situated  in  a  bay  of  the  Baltic,  with  a 
good  harbor ;  large,  well  fortified,  and  defended 
by  a  citadel.  It  has  6  churches,  with  a  grammar 
school,  under  the  direction  of  eight  masters.  33 
m.  E.  Lubeck,  32  W.  S.  W.  Rostock.  Lon.  11' 
26'  E.  Lat.  53°  55'  N.     Pop.  7,600. 

Wissowilz,  t.  Moravia,  20  m.  E.  N.  E,  Hradisch, 
Pop.  2,500. 

Wistemilz,  t.  Moravia,  4  m.  E.  Olmutz. 

Wiston,  t.  Wales,  in  Pembroke,  8  m.  E.  Haver- 
fordwest, 235  W.  London.  Lon.  4°  50'  W.  Lat. 
51°  54'  N. 

Wistriz,  or  Wesseriz,  r.  Bohemia,  which  runs 
into  the  Egra,  3  m.  E.  Schlakenwerth. 

Witepsk,  t.  Russsia,  on  the  Duna,  56  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Pototsk.  Lon.  30°  50'  E.  Lat.  55°  15'  N.  Pop. 
11,685. 

Witgenau,  or  Witchenmt,  t.  Germany,  on  the 
Elster,  13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Budissen,  30  N.  E.  Dresden. 

Witgenau,  or  Wittengau,  or  Trsebon,  t.  Bohe- 
mia, 22  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bechin,  64  S.  Prague.  Lon. 
14°  40^  E.  Lat.  49°  4'  N. 

Witham,  t  Eng.  in  Essex,  14  m.  S.  W.  Colches- 
ter, 38  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  32'  E.  Lat.  51°  48 
N.     Pop.  2,352. 

Witham,  r.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  which  runs  in- 
to the  German  Sea,  5  miles  below  Boston,  in  what 
are  called  the  Washes, 

Witney,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxfordshire,  on  the  Win- 


WOK 


W  O  L 


795 


aubh,  10  m.  W.  N.  W,  Oxford,  64  W.  N.  W.  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  2,722.     Lon.  1"  25'  W.  Lat.  54°  47'  N. 

Wittbachy  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rhine,  about  a  mile  below  Neuwied. 

Witteltn,  small  isl.  in  Steinhuder  Lake,  with  a 
fort,  3  ra.  N.  Hagenburg. 

ffitlem,  citadel,  Germany,  6  m.  S.  E.  Aix-le- 
Chapelle. 

Wif/emberg,  t,  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  on 
the  Elbe.  Here  is  a  famous  university,  founded 
in  150^2,  at  which,  in  1517,  the  Reformation  took 
its  rise,  by  means  of  Martin  Luther.  This  town 
is  not  large,  but  fortified.  60  m.  N.  Dresden,  38 
S.  E.  iMagdeburg.  Lon.  12°  46'  E.  Lat.  51°  53'  N. 
Pop.  4,820. 

Wittenhurg,  t.  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  17  m.  VV.  Schwerin. 

JVittenhall,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  2  m.  N.  E. 
Wolverhampton.     Pop.  3, 143. 

IVitte  Revier,  a  settlement  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren in  the  colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  500 
miles  E.  of  Capetown,  established  in  1818,  and 
soon  afterwards  destroyed  by  the  Caffres. 

Wittlichy  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Lower  Rhine, 
16  ra.  N.  E.  Treves,  38  S.  W.  Coblentz.  Lon,  6° 
52'  E.  Lat.  50°  4'  N.     Pop.  1,700. 

Wittstock,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
47  m.  N.  N.  W.  Berlin,  43  N.  Brandenburg.  Lon. 
}  2°  39'  E.  Lat.  53°  1 0'  iN.     Pop.  3, 800. 

Witzenhausen,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  ISoJt^E.  Cassel, 
32  W.  N.  W.  Mulhausen.  Lon.  9°  48'  E.  Lat.  51" 
10' N.     Pop.  2,200. 

fVivelscombe,  t.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  on  the 
Tone,  1 1  m.  W.  Taunton,  154  W.  London.  Lon. 
3°  28'  W.  Lat.  51°  1'  N.     Pop.  2,571. 

JVivenJioe,  v.  Eng.  in  Essex,  on  the  Coin.  It  is 
the  harbor  of  Colchester. 

JVladislaw,  or  Inotrroslaw,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Vis- 
tula, 108  m.  N.  W.Warsaw,  106  S.  Dantzig.  Lon. 
18°  35'  E,  Lat.  52"  35'  N.     Pop.  2,616. 

Wlodzimierz,  t.  Poland,  on  the  Bog,  48  m.  W. 
Luckow,  180  E.  Cracow.     Pop.  3,126. 

Woahoo,  or  Oahoo,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
and  much  the  finest  of  the  whole  group.  Nothing 
can  exceed  the  verdure  of  the  hills,  the  variet}'  of 
wood  and  lawn,  and  rich  cultivated  valleys,  which 
the  whole  face  of  the  country  displays.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  contain  60,000  inhabitants.  Lon.  157°  51' 
W.  Lat.  21°  43'  N. 

Woapo,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Islands  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  Capt.  Ingraham  called  it  Jldams.  Lat. 
9°  27'  S. 

TVoburn,  t.  Eng.  in  Bedford,  9  m.  N.  W.  Dun- 
stable, 42  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  0°  37'  W,  Lat.  51° 
69' N. 

Woburn,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  10  m.  N.  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,219. 

Wodnany,  or  Wodnian^  t.  Bohemia,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Prachatitz,  58  S.  Prague.  Lon.  14"  2'  E.  Lat.  49° 
10'  N.     Poj).  4,530. 

Woeramatta,  small  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea. 
Lon.  131°  36'  E.  Lat.  7°  2'  S. 

fVoerden,  or  Wordeiv,  t.  Holland,  on  the  Rhine, 
8  m.  W.  Utrecht,  15  S.  Amsterdam.     Pop.  26,028. 

Wohlau,  t.  Silesia,  20  m.  N.  W.  Breslau,  29  S. 
E.  Grosglau.  Lon.  16"  35'  E.  Lat.  51°  20'  N.  Pop. 
1,530. 

Woking,  t.  Eng.  in  Surry,  8  m.  N.  Guildford,  77 
S.  W.  London. 

Wokingham,oT  Oakingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Berkshire, 
7  m.  E.  S.  E.  Reading,  32  W.  London.  Lon.  0" 
43'  W.  Lat.  51°  24'  N.    Pop.  2,081. 


Wolbeck,  or  Waldbeck,  t.  Germany,  7  m.  S.  S. 
E.  Munster.     Lon.  7°  52'  E.  Lat.  51"  53'  N. 

Wolcott,  p-t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  124. 

Wolcott,  t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  22  m.  from  Hart- 
ford. Pop.  952.  It  contains  2  churches,  1  for 
Congregationalists,  and  1  for  Episcopalians. 

Wolcott,  p-t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.<m  Lalce  Ontario, 
200  m.  from  Albany.     Pop.  480. 

Woldenberg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
9  m.  N.  E.  Friedberg,  92  E.  N.  E.  Berlin.  Lon, 
15"  45'  E.  Lat,  53°  N. 

Wolftborough,  p-t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the  E. 
side  of  lake  VVinnipiseogee,  32  m.  N.  E.  Concord. 
Pop.  1,376. 

Wolfestoicn,  t.  Buckingham  co.  Lower  Canada, 
50  m,  S,  E.  Three  Rivers. 

Wolf  Island,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lon.  55°  40'  W.  Lat.  53°  55'  N. 

Wolf  Island,  isl,  at  the  N,  E,  end  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio.    Lon.  76°  50'  W,  Lat.  44°  N. 

Wolf  Island,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  60°  55'  W, 
Lat.  50°  2'  N. 

Wolf  river,  r.  Mississippi,  which  flows  S.  140 
miles,  and  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, in  St  Louis  bay,  22  m.  E.  Pearl  river. 

Wolf  river,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  near  the  S.  W.  corner  of  the  State. 

Wolf  river,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Musk- 
ingum, 15  m.  above  Marietta. 

Wolf  river,  a  N.  branch  of  Fox  river,  N.  W. 
Territory,  Avhich  has  its  sources  near  the  head  wa- 
ters of  tributaries  to  Lake  Superior. 

Wolf  Rock,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  10  m.  from  the 
S.  coast  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  Archipelago. 
Lon.  226°  42'  E.  Lat.  55°  1'  N. 

Wolf  Rock,  rock  at  the  entrance  of  the  English 
Channel,  10  m.  S.  Land's-End,  18  W,  Lizard 
Point.     Lon.  5°  45'  W.  Lat.  49"  58'  N. 

Wolfenbuttel,  city,  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of 
Brunswick,  on  the  Ocker.  It  is  well  built  and  for- 
tified. In  it  is  a  chateau,  a  long  time  the  resi- 
dence of  the  dukes,  in  which  is  a  noble  library, 
containing  120,000  volumes.  24  m.  E.  Hilde- 
sheim,  45  W.  Magdeburg.  Lon.  10"  40'  E.  Lat. 
52°10'N.     Pop.  6,650. 

Wolffach,  t.  Baden,  4  m.  S.  S.  E.  Hazlach,  12  S. 
S.  W.  Freudenstatt.  Lon.  8"  16'  E.  Lat.  48°  13'  N. 
Pop.  1,388. 

Wolfghast,  or  Wolgasl,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Pomerania,  on  the  Pena,  about  3  miles  from  the 
Baltic,  30  m.  S.  E,  Stralsund,  50  N.  W.  Stettin. 
Lon,  13"  45'  E,  Lat.  54"  2'  N,     Pop.  3,700. 

Wolfihagen,  t.  Ilesse-Cassel,  on  the  Erpe,  15 
m.  W.  Cassel,  10  N.  Waldeck.  Lon,  9°  10'  E.  Lat. 
51°  18'  N.     Pop.  1,450. 

Wolfson,  small  isl.  m  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  Lon, 
24°  44'  E,  Lat.  59"  22'  N. 

Wolf  stein,  t.  Bavaria,  in  the  circle  of  the  Rhine, 
43  m,  W,  N.  W.  Manheim,  19  N,  Deux  Ponts. 

Wolin,  or  Wolynie,  t.  Bohemia,  8  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Prachatitz,  63  S.  S.  W.  Prague.  Lon.  13°  45'  E.. 
Lat,  49°  10'  N. 

Wolkcnstein,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzge- 
birg,  with  a  citadel,  on  a  rock  near  the  Zschopa, 
13  m.  S.  S.  E,  Chemnitz,  36  S.  W.  Dresden.  Lon. 
12°  59*  E.  Lat.  50°  36'  N.    Pop.  1,000. 

WoUacombe  Bay,  bay,  Eng,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Devonshire,  to  the  N.  of  Barnstable  Bay. 

Wollapaliam,  t.  Hind.  10  m.  E,  Coimbetore. 

Woller,  or  Wooller,  t.  Eng.  in  Northumberland 


79e 


woo 


woo 


CO.  on  the  Till,  near  the  Cheviot  Hills,  31  m.  N. 
Morpeth,  318  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  45'  W.  Lat. 
55°  35'  N.     Pop.  1,679. 

Wollin,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Pomerania,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  island  so  called,  sepai*ated  from  tlie 
continent  by  the  river  Direnow,  over  which  is  a 
bridge.  25  m.  N.  Old  Stettin.  Lon.  14°  35'  E. 
Lat.  53°  48'  N.     Pop.  2,400. 

Wollin,  isl.  formed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oder,  be- 
tween the  Baltic  and  the  Frische  Haff,  about  30 
miles  in  circumference. 

fVolmirstadt,  t.  Germany,  10  m.  N.  Magdeburg, 
40  E.  Brunswick.     Lon.  1 1°  45'  E.  Lat.  52°  1 8'  N . 

Wolsingham,  t.  Eng.  in  Durham,  13  m.  W.  Dur- 
ham, 295  N.  London,  Lon.  1°  52'  W.  Lat.  54°  50'  N. 

Wolvtrhampton,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  cele- 
brated for  its  manufacture  of  locks,  and  of  late 
years,  ot  Japanned  goods.  15  m.  S.  W.  Litchfield, 
124  N.  W.  London.     Lon.  2°  8'  W.  Lat.  52"  35'  N. 

Wolves''  islands,  cluster  of  islands  off  the  coast  of 
Maine,  near  Campo  Bello.  Lon.  66°  40'  W. 
Lat.  44°  48' N. 

Wolvey,  v.  Eng.  in  Warwick,  10  m.  N.  E.  Cov- 
entry, 96  N.  W.  London. 

Wombintllore,  t.  Hind,  in  Baramaul,  100  m.  S. 
E.  Seringapatam,  110  W.  S.  W.  Pondicherry. 
Lon.  78°  15'  E.  Lat.  1 1°  43'  N. 

Wombom,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  3  m.  S.  W. 
Wolverhampton. 

Womelsdorf,  p-t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  68  m.  N.  W.  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Wondra,  or  Wondreb,  r.  Bavaria,  which  runs 
into  the  Egra,  near  Konigsberg,  in  Bohemia. 

Wood,  CO.  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  Va.  Pop.  3,036, 
in-'luding  450  slaves. 

Wood,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Maumee,  formed  in 
1820,  in  the  Indian  reservation. 

Woodberry,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     Pop.  1,107. 

Woodbourne,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  S. 
Dayton. 

Woodbridge,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  8  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Ipswich,  76  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  18'  E.  Lat. 
52°  6'  N. 

Woodbridge,  t.  New-Haven  co.  Ct.  7  m.  from 
New-Haven.     Pop.  2,084. 

Woodbridge,  p-t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  3  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Amboy.  Pop.  4,247.  It  contains  2  churches, 
1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Presbyterians. 

Woodbury,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.l5  m.  N.  E.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  254. 

Woodbury,  p-t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  25  m.  from  New- 
Haven,  36  from  Hartford.     Pop.  1,963. 

Woodbury,  p-t.  and  cap.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  9 
m.  S.  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  handsome  brick 
court-house,  a  jail,  academy,  Quaker  meeting 
house,  and  about  80  houses. 

Wood  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  Lake 
Champlain,  at  Whitehall.     • 

Wood  creek,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  Oneida 
lake.  It  is  connected  with  Mohawk  river  by  a 
canal. 

Wood  creek,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Wooden'' s  Island,  rocky  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
on  the  S.  coast  of  King  George  III.'s  Archipelago. 

Woodford,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  6  m.  E.  Ben- 
nington.   Pop.  254. 

Woodkouse,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Up.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Erie. 

Wood  island,  small  isl.  off  the  coast  of  Maine,  5 
leagues  N.  E  .  Cape  Porpoise.  Lou.  70°  24'  W. 
Lat  43°  26'  N. 

Wood's  Bay,  bay,  in  the  straits  of  Magellan,  15 


m.  W.  Cape  Froward.  Lon.  72°  55'  W.  Lat.  SS"" 
58' S. 

Woodsborough,  p-t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  11  m.  N. 
E.  Fredericktown. 

Woods  Island,  smidl  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Jamaica.     Lon.  76°  8'  W.  Lat.  18°  12'  N. 

Woodsfield,  p-t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  14  m. 
W.  of  Ohio  river,  31  S.  W.  St.  Clairsville,  35  N. 
Marietta. 

Woods,  Lake  of  the.     See  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Woodstock,  t.  Eng.  in  Oxford  co.  anciently  a  roy- 
al seat.  It  is  famous  for  the  parliamentary  settle- 
ment of  the  honor  and  manor  of  the  town  and  hun- 
dred on  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  and  his  de- 
scendants, as  a  reward  for  his  victories,  in  the 
year  1704,  over  the  French  and  Bavarians,  par- 
ticularly at  Blenheim ;  to  perpetuate  the  memory 
of  which  battle,  a  stately  palace,  by  the  name  of 
Blenheim-House,  was  erected  here,  at  the  public 
charge.  8  m.  N.  Oxford,  62  N.  W.  London.  Lon. 
r  15'  W.  Lat.  51°  51'  N.     Pop.  1,322. 

Woodstock,  t.  York  co.  New-Brunswick,  on  the 
W,  side  of  the  St.  John's. 

Woodstock,  p-t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  6  m.  N.  Paris. 

Woodstock,  p-t.  and  cap.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  14  m. 
N.  W.  Windsor,  47  S.  Montpelier.  Pop.  2,672. 
The  village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Queechy, 
and  contains  a  courf -house,  jail,  and  church. 

Woodstock,  p-t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  45  m.  N.  E. 
Hartford,  33  N.  W.  Providence.  Pop.  2,654.  It 
is  divided  into  3  parishes,  and  contains  an  acade- 
my, and  5  churches,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and 
2  ior  Baptists. 

Woodstock  p-t.  Ulster  co  N.  Y.  14  m.  N.  W. 
Kingston.  Pop.  950.  It  contains  2  churches,  1 
for  Lutherans,  and  1  for  Dutch  Reformed. 

Woodstock,  p-t.  and  cap.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  30 
m.  S.  S.  W.  Winchester,  112  from  Washington, 
It  contains  acourt-house,jail,  academy,  4  church- 
es, and  about  200  houses. 

Woodstock,  p-t.  Hyde  co.  N.  C. 

Woodstown,  p-t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  12  m.  N.  by  E. 
Salem,  26  S.  S.  W.  Philadelphia. 

Woodstoij;n,  p-t.  and  cap.  Clark  co.  Alabama. 

Woodville,  p-v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

Woodville,  p-v.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

Woodville,  p-t^and  cap.  Wilkinson  co.  Mississip- 
pi, 37  m.  S.  Natchez. 

Woodville,  p-v.  Warren  co.  Tennessee. 

Woody  Island,  hi.  in  the  E.  Indian  Sea.  Lon. 
106"  5'  E.  Lat.  1°  4G'  N.     See  Victoire. 

Woody  Point,  cape  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Amer- 
ica.    Lon.  1 28°  .5'  W.  Lat.  50°  N. 

Woojeda,  t.  Algiers,  in  Tremecen,  (an.  Guagi- 
da,)  20  m.  W.  S.  W.  Tremecen. 

Wooldale,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  Wakefield. 

Woolly,  or  Ouly,  kingdom  of  Africa,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Gambia. 

Woolpit,  t.  Eng.  in  Suffolk,  8  m.  E.  Bury  St  Ed- 
munds, 80  N.  N.  E.  London. 

Woolstanton,  t.  Eng.  in  Staffordshire,  2  m.  N. 
Newcastle-uuder-line. 

Woolwich,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent.  co.  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Thames.  For  upwards  of  two  centuries 
there  has  been  a  royal  dock-yard  at  this  place,  un- 
der the  immediate  direction  of  the  Navy  Boai'd. 
This  is  said  to  be  the  most  ancient  naval  arsenal 
in  England.  A  royal  academy  for  engineers  is 
here  established,  under  the  Board  of  Ordnance,  in 
which  are  taught  the  principles  and  art  of  fortifi- 
cation, and  every  branch  of  military  science  rela- 
ting thereto,  with  the  French  and  Latin  lan- 
guages, writing,    fencing,  and   drawing.     The 


W  O  R 


W  R  E 


797 


largest  ships  may  at  all  times  ride  here  in  safety. 
10  m.  E.  London.  Lon.  0"  3'  E.  Lat.  51°  30'  N. 
Pop.  17,034. 

Woolwich,  p-t,  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  Kenne- 
beck  river,  7  m.  W.  Wiscasset.    Pop.  1,050. 

Woolwich,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.     Fop.  3,063. 

Wooster,  p-t  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Killbuck,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
boats.  48  m.  S.  Lake  Erie,  87  N.  Columbus. 
Pop.  in  1819,  1,355.  It  contains  a  brick  court- 
house, a  jail,  bank,  printing  office,  and  about  60 
dwelling  houses.  Two  miles  N.  W.  of  Wooster, 
is  a  well  for  salt  water,  sunk  460  feet  deep,  from 
which  it  is  expected  large  quantities  of  salt  may 
be  made. 

Wooster,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  N.  W. 
Marietta. 

Worcester,  city,  Eng.  cap.  of  Worcester  co.  and 
see  of  a  bishop,  on  the  Severn.  The  principal 
manufacture  is  that  of  gloves,  with  one  of  elegant 
China-ware.  Worcester  is  large  and  well  built. 
Besides  the  cathedral,  it  contains  nine  parish 
churches.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
39  m.  N.  Bristol,  120  W.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  2° 
7  W.  Lat.  53°  13'  N.     Pop.  13,8 14. 

Worcester,  county,  Eng.  bounded  N.  by  Stafford- 
shire and  Shropshire,  E.  by  Warwickshire,  S.  by 
Gloucestershire,  and  W.  by  Herefordshire  and 
Shropshire.     Pop.  160,546. 

Worcester,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  10  m.  ^.  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  41. 

Worcester,  co.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by  N.  Hamp- 
shire, E.  by  Middlesex  co.  S.  by  Connecticut  and 
R.  Island,  and  W.  by  Franklin,  Hampshire,  and 
Hamden  cos.     Pop.  64,910. 

Worcester,  p-t.  and  cap.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  40 
m.  W.  Boston,  38  N.  N.  W.  Providence,  57  E. 
Northampton.  Pop.  2,577.  It  is  the  largest  in- 
land town  in  New  England,  and  a  place  of  much 
wealth  and  trade,  and  contains  a  handsome  court- 
house, jail,  bank,  2  printing-offices,  from  each  of 
which  a  weekly  newspaper  is  issued  ;  and  3  houses 
of  public  worship,  2  for  Congregationalists,  and  1 
for  Baptists.  The  houses  in  the  village  are  neatly 
built,  principally  on  one  street,  extending  up- 
wards of  a  mile  in  length.  In  1819,  a  handsome 
and  commodious  building  was  erected  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  library  and  cabinet  of  the  Ameri- 
can Antiquarian  Society.  The  library  consists  of 
nearly  6,000  volumes,  many  of  them  rare  and  val- 
uable works,  and  the  cabinet  is  respectable. 
The  building  was  erected  at  great  expense  by 
Isaiah  Thomas,  LL.  D.  the  President  of  the  Socie- 
ty. 

Worcester,  p-t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  13  m.  S.  E. 
Cooperstown.     Pop.  1,140. 

Worcester,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.     Pop.  868. 

Worcester,  co.  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Md.  boun- 
ded N.  by  Delaware,  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by 
Virginia,  and  W.  by  Somerset  co.  Pop.  16,971, 
including  4,427  slaves.     Chief  town,  Snowhill. 

Worcum,  or  Woudrichem,  or  Wodercum,  t.  Hol- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  the  Wahal,  13  m.  E.  N.  E. 
Dort,  16  N.  N.  E.  Breda.     Pop.  3, 157. 

Worcum,  s-p.  Friesland,  subject  to  inundations 
of  the  sea.  The  harbour  is  blocked  up  with  sand, 
but  it  carries  on  considerable  trade  by  means  of  its 
canals.  18  m.  S.  W.  Lewarden.  Lon.  5°  35'  E. 
Lat.  53°  N. 

Wordingberg,  s-p.  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Zealand,  opposite  the  island  of  Fal- 
ster.  43  m.  S.  W.  Copenhagen,  13  S.  S.  E.  Nest- 
ved.     Lon.  11°  58'  E.  Lat.  55°  3'  N- 


Workington,  s-p.  Eng.  in  Cumberland  co.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Derwent,  7  m.  N.  Whitehaven,  307 
N.  N.  W.  London.  Lon.  3°  27'  W.  Lat.  54°  34' 
N.    Pop.  5,807. 

Worksop,  t.  Eng.  in  Nottinghamshire,  18  m.  S. 
Sheffield,  146  N.  London.  Lon.  1°  8'  W.  Lat.  53° 
18' N. 

Worlitz,  t.  Germany,  in  Anhalt-Dessau,  on  the 
Elbe,  5  m,  E.  Dessau.     Pop.  1,800. 

Wormhout,  t.  France,  in  North,  5  m.  S.  Ber- 
gues.     Pop.  3,078. 

Worms,  late  a  bishopric  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Upper  Rhine,  surrounded  by  the  Lower 
Palatinate,  the  county  of  Katzenelnbogen,  and  the 
electorate  of  Mentz ;  about  10  miles  in  length, 
along  the  borders  of  the  Rhine. 

Worms,  t.  Germany  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  for- 
merly an  imperial  city,  and  capital  of  a  bishopric 
of  the  same  name,  is  situated  near  the  Rhine. 
This  city  has  undergone  many  misfortunes.  25 
m.  S.  Mentz,  82  E.  S.  E.  Treves.  Lon.  8°  22'  E. 
Lat.  49°  36'  N.     Pop.  5,600. 

Worm's  Head,  or  Penrhyn  Gwyr,  rock  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Wales,  in  Glamorgan.  Lon.  4°  17'  W, 
Lat.  51°  36' N. 

Wormsdorf,  t.  Saxony,  20  m.  E.  Leipsic,  20  N. 
W.  Meissen.     Lon.  12°  53'  E.  Lat.  51°  16'  N. 

Worsborough,  v.  Eng.  in  York,  3  m.  S.  Barnes- 
ley,  171  N.  London. 

Worse,  X.  Eng.  which  runs  into  the  Severn, 
near  Bridgenorth. 

Worseley,  t.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  7  m.  N.  W. 
Manchester. 

Worsted,  or  Wursted,  t.  Eng.  in  Norfolk,  re- 
markable for  the  invention  of  first  twisting  of 
woollen  yarn,  hence  called  tvorsted.  12  m.  N. 
Norwich,  120  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1°  25'  E= 
Lat.  52°  46'  N. 

Worth  Barrow  Bay,  bay  of  the  English  chan- 
nel, on  the  S.  coast  of  Dorset,  11  m.  E.  Wey- 
mouth. 

Worthington,  p-t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
N.  W,  Northampton.     Pop.  1,391. 

Worthington,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

Worthington,  p-t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  N. 
Columbus,  58  W.  Zanesville.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  an  academy,  several  facto- 
ries, and  64  dwelling-houses. 

Wortley,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  near  Leeds. 

Wotton  Basset,  t.  Eng.  in  WilL«,  18  m.  S.  W. 
Farrington,  89  W.  London.  Lon.  1°  56' W.  Lat. 
51°  32'  N. 

Wotton  under  Edge,  t.  Eng.  in  Gloucester,  18 
m.  S.  Gloucester,  108  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  23' 
W.  Lat.  51°  42'  N. 

Wragby,  t.  Eng.  in  Lincolnshire,  11  ra.  N.  E. 
Lincoln,  144  N.  London.  Lon.  0"  20'  W.  Lat.  53° 
16' N. 

Wrangon,  small  isl.  in  thegulf  of  Finland.  Lon. 
25°  E.  Lat.  59°  34'  N. 

Wrath,  Cape,  Scotland,  the  N.  W.  extremity  of 
Sutherland  co.      Lon.  5°  18'  W.  Lat.  58°  40'  N. 

Wreak,  or  Wreke,  r.  Eng.  in  Leicestershire, 
which  runs  into  the  Soar,  7  m.  N.  E.  Leicester. 

Wrentham,  p-t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  27  m.  S.  W. 
Boston,  18  N.  N.  E.  Providence.  It  contains  an 
academy,  and  cotton  manufactory,  and  is  cele- 
brated for  the  manufacture  of  straw  bonnets.  Pop. 
2,478. 

Wrexham,  t.  Wales,  in  Denbigh.  This  is  the 
largest  town  in  North  Wales.  Here  is  a  large 
cannon  foundcry,  12  m.  S.  S.  W.  Chester,  178  N- 


798 


W  U  R 


W  Y  T 


W.  London.    Lon.  3°  12'  W.  Lat.  53°  4'  N.    Pop. 
4,039. 

Wrightsborough,  p-v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 
WrighUboroughy  p-v.  Columbia  co.  Geo.  12  m. 
W.  Aplington. 

Wrightsburg,  p-t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  8  m.  N.  W.  Jefferson. 

Wrightstoum,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  4  m.  N.  New- 
town. 

Wrightstown,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 
JVrightsville,  p-v.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah,  opposite  Columbia. 

Wrington,  t.  Eng.  in  Somersetshire,  11  m.  S. 
Bristol,  126  W.  London.  Lon.  2°  56'  W.  Lat.  51" 
20' N. 

Wrolham,  or  Wortham,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  11m. 
W.  N.  W.  Maidstone,  24  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0° 
18' E.  Lat.  51°  19' N. 

Wroxcter,  v.  Eng.  in  Salop,  at  the  union  of  tlie 
Torn  and  the  Severn.  Many  Roman  coins  and 
other  antiquities  have  been  found  here.  5  m.  S. 
E.  Shrewsbury,  155  N.  W.  London. 

Wumme,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  We- 
scr,  about  6  m.  N.  W.  Bremen. 

Wunnenberg,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Westphalia, 

14  m.  S.  Paderborn.     Lou.  8°  1'  E.  Lat.  51°  29'  N. 

JVunschelberg,  or  Rradeck,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 

Silesia,  10  m.  N.   W.  Glatz.  20  S.  Schweidnitz. 

Lon.  16°  15'  E.  Lat  50"  19'  N.     Pop.  1,  352. 

Wunsiedel,  t.  Bavaria,  34  m.  E.  Bayreuth,  16 
W.  Eger  in  Bohemia.  Lon.  12°  3'  E.  Lat.  50'^  3' 
N.     Pop.  2,871. 

TFunstorf,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  principality  of 
Calenberg,  10  m.  W.  N.  W.  Hanover.  Lon.  9° 
32'  E.  Lat.  52°  27'  N.     Pop.  1,700. 

WurbenthaU  t.  Austrian  Silesia,  13  m.  W.  Ja- 
jerndorf,  22  N.  W.  Trophau.  Lon,  17°  15'  E, 
Lat.  49°  57'  N. 

Wurtemberg,  late  a  duchy,  and  now  a  kingdom 
of  Germany,  of  an  oval  figure,  and  included  be- 
tween Bavaria  on  the  east  and  Baden  on  the 
west.  It  is  completely  surrounded  by  these  two 
countries,  except  lor  a  short  distance  on  the  south, 
where  it  borders  on  the  Lake  of  Constance.  It 
contains  8,118  square  miles,  and  1,395,463  inhab- 
itants, with  a  reventie  of  1 ,000,000^.  sterling.  In 
the  diet  of  the  German  Confederation,  it  is  enti- 
tled to  1  vote,  and  to  4  votes  in  the  general  assem- 
bly. The  kingdom  is  composed  of  a  great  num- 
ber of  counties  and  lordships,  some  of  which  were 
purchased,  some  devolved  to  it  by  marriage,  and 
others  were  acquired  by  conquest.  It  is  the  most 
fertile  part  of  the  southwestern  section  of  Germa- 
ny, and  exports  grain  in  considerable  quantities. 
There  is  a  university  at  Tubingen.  Stuttgart  is 
the  capital. 

Wurwama,  t.  Hind,  in  Guzerat,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  gulf  of  Cutch,  40  m.  N.  E.  Noanagur. 

Wv.rway,v.  Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Vurney, 
3  m.  S.  Llanvilling. 

Wursburg,  late  a  bishoprick  of  Germany,  and 


m  1806  erected  into  a  duchy,  now  included  in  the 
kingdom  of  Bavaria.  It  was  80  miles  long  and  40 
broad.     Wurzburg  was  the  capital. 

JVurzburg,  city,  Bavaria,  on  the  Maine,  well 
fortified,  and  defended  by  a  fortress,  situated  on  a 
rock  without  the  town.  The  town  is  divided  into 
four  quarters  and  four  suburbs,  in  which  are  a 
new  palace,  a  cathedral,  several  collegiate  and 
parish  churches,  colleges,  abbeys,  and  convents. 
50  m.  E.  S.  E.  Francfort  on  the  Maine.  Lon.  9° 
59'  E.  Lat.  49"  50'  N.     Pop.  21,000. 

JVurzen,  or  Wurtzen,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Mulda, 
14  m.  E.  Leipsic,  44  N.  W.  Dresden.  Lon.  12" 
42'  E.  Lat,  51°  19'  N.     Pop.  2,100. 

Wuslerhausen,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Dosse,  36  m.  N.  W.  Berlin,  27  N. 
Brandenburg.  Lon.  12"  31'  E.  Lat.  52°  53'  N. 
Pop.  2,400. 

Wutach,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the 
Rhine,  10  m.  below  Lauffenburg. 

Wyaconda,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  30  m.  below  the  Des  Moins. 

Wyalusing,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  E.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah,  above  Asylum. 

Wyalusing,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Susque- 
hannah.    Pop.  576. 

Wyandot,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into  the  Ohio, 
S.  of  Corydon. 

Wyrk  le  Duerstede,i.  Netherlands,  in  Utrecht,  13 
m.  S.  E.  Utrecht,  21  W.  Amheim. 

Wycomb,  (High,)  or  Chipping  Wycomb,  t.  Eng. 
in  Bucks,  25  m.  E.  S.  E.  Oxford,  29  W.  N.  W. 
London.  Lon.  O""  46'  W.  Lat.  51°  38'  N.  Pop. 
4,756. 

Wycoming  falls,  in  the  Susquehannah,  2  m. 
above  Wilkesbarre. 

Wydaic,  r.  Denmark,  which  runs  into  the  North 
sea,  near  Tondern. 

tVye,  r.  Wales,  which  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Montgomery  co.,  and  runs  into  the  Severn,  below 
Chepstow. 

fVi/e,  t.  Eng.  in  Kent,  12  m.  S.  W.  Canterbury, 
56  E.  S.  E.  London.  Lon.  0°  58'  E.  Lat.  51°  11'  N. 

Wye  mills,  p-t.  Talbot  co.  Md. 

Wymoa  Bay,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Atooi,  one 
of  the  Sandwich  islands.  Lon.  200"^  20'  E.  Lat.  21° 
57'  N. 

Wylliesbury,  p-v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

Wi/re,  r.  Eng.  in  Lancashire,  which  runs  into 
the  Irish  sea,  9  m.  W.  Garstang.  Lon.  2°  56'  W. 
Lat.  53"  53' N. 

Wynants  kill,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  Hud- 
son at  Troy. 

Wysox,  p-t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.     Pop.  619. 

Wythe,  CO.  Va.  inclosed  by  Tazewell,  Montgom- 
ery, Grayson,  and  Washington  cos.  Pop.  8,356, 
including  1,157  slaves.  Chief  town,  Evansham, 
At  the  court-house  is  a  post-office. 

Wytootackee,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  10  miles 
in  circumference.    Lon.  200°  19'  E.  Lat.  18°  52'  S. 


'AfV 


I 


X  E  R 


X  U  L 


799 


X 


wt 

^m^ 


Xabea,  s-p.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  near  the  coast 
of  the  Mediterranean,  38  m.  N.  N.  E.  Alicant,  54 
S.  S.  W.  Valencia.     Pop.  4,000. 

Xacre,  cape  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Candia,  18  m. 
S.  E.  Settia. 

Xaguay  Bay,  large  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba. 
LoD.  81"  20'  W.  Lat.  22"  10'  N. 

Xaintes,  (Saintos,)  or  All-Saints'  Islands,  3 
small  islands  of  the  W.  Indies,  situated  to  the  S.  E. 
of  Guadaloupe,  6  miles  distant  Lon.  61"  32'  W. 
Lat.  15"  56'  N. 

Xalapa,  t.  Mexico,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  70  m.  E. 
Puebla  de  los  Angelos.  Lon.  98°  26'  W.  Lat.  19" 
50'  N.     Pop.  13,000. 

Xalon,  r.  Spain,  which  xuns  into  the  Ebro,  6  m. 
above  Saragossa. 

Xanga,  r.  Africa,  iiK^longallo,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  sea,  opposite  to  the  island  of  the  same 
name. 

Xanga,  one  of  the  Quereimby  Islands,  near  the 
E.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  10"  45'  S. 

Xanten  or  Sanlen,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  the 
province  of  Juliers-Cleves-Berg,  near  the  Rhine, 
7  m.  N.  E.  Gueldres,  12  S.  E.  Cleves.    Pop.  3,000. 

Xarama,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Tagus, 
a  little  below  Aranjuez. 

Xarayes,  Laguna  de  Los,  lake  of  Brasil,  formed 
by  the  river  Paraguay,  108  miles  long  and  21 
broad.     Lat.  17"  45'  S. 

Xavier,  t.  Spain,  in  Navarre,  3  m.  E.  Sanguesa. 

Xauxa,  t.  Peru,  90  m.  E.  Lima. 

Xauxa,  r.  S.  America,  which  rises  in  the  An- 
des, and  uniting  with  the  Apurimac,  forms  the 
Ucayale. 

Xaixxava,  t.  Morocco,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  15  m.  2J.  Morocco. 

Xenia,  p-t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  30  m.  S. 
Urbanna,  50  N.  E.  Cincinnati,  54  W.  Columbus. 
Pop.  in  1815,  600.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  2  churches,  and  an  academy. 

Xenil,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Guadal- 
quivir, 3  m.  below  Ecija. 

Xeres  de  Badajos,  or  Xeres  de  los  Caballeros;  t. 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  72  m.  N.  N.  W.  Seville, 
51  S.  W.  Merida.  Lon.  6°  52'  W.  Lat.  30"  17'  N. 
Pop.  6,000. 

Xeres  de  la  Frontera,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  on  the 
Guadalete.  The  environs  are  celebrated  for 
that  excellent  wine,  corruptly  called  Sherry.  15 
m.  N,  N.  E.  Cadiz,  32  S.  SevUle.  Lon.  6"  15'  W. 
Lat.  36"  41' N.    Pop.  8,000. 


Xeres  de  la  Fi-ontera,  t.  Mexico,  25  ra.  S.  Zaca- 
tecas. 

Xerica,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  7  m.  N.  W.  Se- 
gorbe.     Pop.  3,800. 

Xerle,  r.  Spain,  which  passes  by  Placentia,  and 
runs  into  the  Alagon. 

Xertigny,  t.  France,  in  Vosges,  7  m.  E.  Epinal, 
5  N.  Plombieres.     Pop.  2,530. 

Xerwnenha,  or  Jerumeriha,  t.  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tejo,  10  m.  S.  Elvas,  18  S.  VV.  Badajos,  Lon.  6" 
58'  W.  Lat.  38°  35'  N. 

Xicoco,  island  of  Japan,  about  90  miles  long, 
and  nearly  as  many  broad,  situated  near  the  S. 
W.  extremity  of  Niphon,  from  which  it  is  separa- 
ted by  a  strait,  full  of  small  islands.  Lon.  132"  E. 
Lat.  33"  30'  N. 

Xiloea,  r.  Spain,  which  at  Calatiud  changes  its 
name  to  Xalon. 

Ximena,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  24  m.  E.  Medina 
Sidonia,  54  S.  E.  Seville. 

Ximo,  or  Kitisju,  isl.  of  Japan,  and  second  in 
size  and  eminence,  situated  to  the  S.  W.  of  Ni- 
phon, from  which  it  is  divided  by  a  narrow  chan- 
nel. Its  circumference  is  about  300  miles.  Lon, 
130"  50'  to  133°  30'  E.  Lat,  32"  40'  to  34°  N. 

Ximonosequi,  seaport,  Japan,  on  the  S.  W.  coast 
of  Niphon,  with  a  good  harbor.  Lon.  132°  20'  E. 
Lat.  33"  56'  N. 

Xingu,  r.  South  America,  which  rises  near  lat. 
17"  S.  and  after  a  northerly  course  of  about  900 
miles,  runs  into  the  Amazons  river,  20  m.  E,  Pa- 
la,  in  the  government  of  Para. 

Xixona,  t.  Spain,  in  Valencia,  13  m.  N.  Alicant, 
54  S.  Valencia,  Lon.  0°  42'  W.  Lat.  38"  32'  N. 
Pop.  4,400, 

Xucar,  r,  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Medite- 
ranean,  20  m,  S,  Valencia. 

Xidi,  t.  Buenos  Ayres,  near  the  W.  coast  of  lake 
Titicaca,  100  m.  N.  N,  W.  La  Paz.  Lon.  70°  6* 
W,  Lat,  16"  25'  S, 

Xuli,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Peru,  Lat. 
16°  50'  S, 

Xulla,  or  XuUoe,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  42 
miles  long,  and  from  10  to  15  broad.  Lon.  125°  E. 
Lat.  1°  53'  S, 

Xullabella,  isl.  in  the  E,  Indian  sea,  25  miles 
long  and  6  broad,     Lon.  126°  12'  E.  Lat.  2"  15'  S. 

Xullamangola,  isl.  in  the  E,  Indian  sea,  30  miles 
long  and  10  broad.   Lon.  125°  42' E.  Lat,  1°54'S. 


IP 


Y  A  L 


YAP 


Ya,  city,  Cliina,  840  m.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon. 
102"  39'  E.  Lat.  30°  9'  N. 

Yabaque,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  in  lat.  23° 
30' N. 

Yabargulskaia,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ir- 
tisch,  120  m.  E.  Tobolsk. 

Yadi,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Obskaia 
gulf,  in  lon.  72°  38'  E.  lat.  68°  25'  N. 

Yadkiriy  r.  North  Carolina,  which  rises  in  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  and  passing  through  Wilkes, 
Surry,  Rowan,  Montgomery,  Anson,  and  Rich- 
mond counties,  passes  into  South  Carolina.  In 
Montgomery  county  are  tlie  narrows,  where  the 
river,  which  was  before  200  or  300  yards  wide,  is 
contracted  to  30.  A  few  miles  below  the  narrows 
it  receives  Rocky  river  from  the  west,  and  then 
takes  the  name  of  Great  Pedee,  which  it  pre- 
serves till  it  falls  into  Winyaw  bay,  near  George- 
town. This  river  was  surveyed  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Yadkin  Navigation  company,  in  1818, 
from  Wilkes  court-house  in  the  mountains,  to  Che- 
raw  Hill,  about  6  miles  below  the  South  Carolina 
boundary,  a  distance  of  247i  miles.  The  expense 
of  making  it  navigable  for  boats  of  ten  tons  through 
this  distance,  is  estimated  at  $250,234,  exclusive 
of  the  narrows,  where  for  the  present  it  is  intend- 
ed to  make  a  turnpike  road  for  7  miles.  The  dis- 
tance from  Cheraw  Hill  to  Georgetown  by  land 
is  103  miles,  but  by  water  270.  It  is  thought  that 
at  least  one-third  of  that  distance  can  be  saved  by 
canals  at  a  moderate  expense.     See  Pedee  Great. 

Yadrin,  t.  Russia,  in  Kazan,  122  m.  W.  Kazan. 
Lon.  45"  44'  E.  Lat.  55°  34'  N. 

Yaguahs,  t.  Cuba,  22  m.  S.  Bayamo. 

Yaguache,  t.  Peru,  25  m.  N.  E.  Guayaquil. 

Yaguaripey  r.  Brazil,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  lat.  13°  12'  S. 

Yaguaron,  t.  Pai-aguay,  10  m.  S.  E.  Assumption. 

Yahanga,  isl.  in  the  sea  of  Japan.  Lon.  131° 
45'  E.  Lat.  43°  8'  N. 

YaJcimvar,  t.  Russia,  in  Viborg,  on  lake  Ladoga, 
8  m.  S.  Serdopol. 

Yakutsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena,  the 
capital  of  a  province,  to  which  it  gives  name.  960 
m,  N.  E.  Irkutsk.    Lon.  129°  14'  E.  Lat,  62°  5'  N. 

Yale,  t.  Ceylon,  56  m.  S.  S.  E.  Candi.  Lon.  81° 
20'  E.  Lat.  6°  52'  N. 

Yale  College.    See  Kew  Haven,  Ct. 

Yalepul,  t.  Ceylon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yale,  30 
m.  S.  Yale. 

Yalepul,  t.  Ceylon,  96  m.  S.  E.  Candi. 

Yallah's  Point,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica, 
12  m.  S.  E.  Kingston.  Lon.  76°  21'  W.  Lat.  17° 
53'  N. 

Yalmal,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of  Russia,  in  the 
Karskoe  sea.     Lon.  68°  24'  E.  Lat.  72°  N. 

Yalobusha,  r.  Mississippi,  which  runs  into  the 
Yazoo.  It  is  boatable  to  Elliot,  30  miles  above  its 
mouth, 

Yalova,  t.  Natolia,  on  the  sea  of  Marmora,  30 
na.  N.  Brusa. 

Yalntorovsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  oa  the  Tobol. 


108  m.  S.  W.  Tobolsk,  520  W.  N.  W.  Kolivaa. 
Lon  66°  32'  E.  Lat.  56°  8'  N. 

Yamanchalinskoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Caucasus,  on  the 
Ural,  20  ra.  N.  Guriev, 

Yamasca,  r,  Canada,  which  runs  into  the  St. 
Lawrence,  in  lon.  72°  45'  W.  Lat.  46°  N. 

Yamaska,  seigniory,  Buckingham  co.  Lower 
Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  S.  W.  Three 
Rivers. 

Yamburg,  t.  Russia,  20  m.  E,  Narva.  Lon.  28° 
40'  E.  Lat.  59°  15'  N, 

Yamimka,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Irtisch,  ' 
14  m,  S.  S.  W.  Kozlovo. 

Yamina,  t.  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  near  the  Niger. 
Lon.  3"  50'  W.  Lat.  13°  46'  N. 

Yamon  Bay,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Lucon.    Lon.  122°  37'  Tc  Lat.  14°  21'  N. 

Yamutha,  one  of  the  Aleutian  islands.  Lon. 
180°  29' E.  Lat.  53°  40' N. 

Yamschevskaia,  fort  of  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  oa 
the  Irtisch.     Lon.  77°  50'  E.  Lat.  51°  55'  N. 

Yamskaia,  gulf  of  Russia,  in  the  Penzinskoi  sea, 
between  cape  Piliatchin  and  the  continent.  Lon. 
154°  14' E.  Lat,  60°  20' N. 

Yamskoi,  t.  Russia,  near  the  gulf  of  Yamskaia. 
Lon,  153°  34'  E,  Lat.  60°  12'  N. 

Yana,  r.  Russia,  which  runs  into  the  Frozen 
sea,  in  lon.  131°  16'  E.  lat.  71°  25'  N. 

Yanceyville,  p-v.  Louisa  co.  Va.  on  South  Anna 
creek,  60  m.  N.  W,  Richmond, 

Yandaboo,  t,  Birmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  70  m. 
W,  S.  W,  Ava. 

Yandinskoi,  i.  Russia,  on  the  Angara,  160  m.  N. 
N.  W,  Irkutsk,     Lon,  103°  20'  E.    Lat,  54°  30'  N.     ^ 

Yang-ho,  r.  China,  which  joins  the  San-cam-ho. 
Lon.  1 12°  49'  E.  Lat,  40°  23'  N, 

Yang-lcheou,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Kiang-nan,  on  the  bank  of  the  royal  canal,  485 
m,  S.  S.  E.  Peking.  Lon.  118"  54'  E.  Lat,  32" 
26' N. 

Yang-tse-kiang,  or  Kian-ku,  r.  Asia,  which  rises 
in  the  mountains  of  Thibet,  and  after  crossing  the 
empire  of  China,  from  W.  to  E.  falls  into  the  sea, 
120  m,  E.  Nan-king.  It  changes  its  name  in  al- 
most every  province  through  which  it  passes. 

Yani,  kingdom,  Africa,  divided  into  Upper  and 
Lower,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Gambia, 

Yantic,  or  Norwich  river,  Ct,  joins  the  Shetuck- 
et,  at  Norwich, 

Yao-ngun,  or  Yao-ga7i,  city,  China,  in  Yun- 
nan, 1,175  m,  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  101°  E,  Lat 
25°  33'  N, 

Yao-tcheou,  t  Chinese  Tartary,  380  m,  E,  N.  E. 
Peking.     Lon.  122°  14'  E.  Lat,  40°  43'  N. 

Yao-lchtou,  city,  China,  on  the  N,  side  of  the 
lake  Po-yang,  670  m.  S,  Peking.  Lon.  116°  14'  E. 
Lat.  29°  N, 

Yapandain,  t,  Birmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  40  m. 
W.  Ava. 

Yapialaga,  or  Llanos  de  Manso,  a  province  of 
the  viceroyally  of  Buenos  Ayres,  situated  S.  of 
the  Vermejo  river. 


Y  A  y 

Vapoc,  r.  Surinam,  which  runs  into  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  cape  Orange. 

Yaracui,  r.  Venezuela,  which  runs  into  the 
Spanish  Main,  in  ion.  68"  40'  W.  lat.  10"  28'  N. 

Yaransk,  t.  Russia,  72  m.  S.  W.  Viatka.  Lon. 
48°  34'  E.  Lat.  55"  36'  iN. 

Yarba,  t.  Africa,  430  m.  S.  W.  Tombuctoo. 

Yardlei/,  v.  Eng.  in  Worcestershire,  7  ni.  S.  E. 
Birmingham. 

Yare.     See  Segovia  JVueva. 

Yarensk,  t.  Russia,  on  the  Vitche^da,  92  m.  N. 
E.  Ustiug.    Lon.  47°  50'  E.  Lat.  62"  N. 

Yarkan.^  or  Irken,  or  Yarkien,  t.  Kashgar,  or 
Little  Bukharia,  90  m.  S.  E.  Kashgar.  Lon.  78° 
49' E.  Lat.  38°  13' N. 

Yarkan,  r.  Asia,  which  runs  into  lake  Lop- Nor, 
100  m.  S.  Tourfan. 

Yarm,  or  Yarum,  t.  Eng.  in  York  co.  on  the 
Tees,  4  m.  S.  Stockton.  Lon.  1"  24'  W.  Lat.  54° 
37'  N. 

Yarmouth,  or  Great  Yarmouth,  seaport,  Eng.  in 
Norfolk  CO.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yare.  It  is  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  the  herring  fishery,  which 
employs  about  150  vessels,  of  40  to  50  tons.  The 
harbor  is  convenient,  but  will  not  admit  large  ves- 
sels. Yarmouth  sends  3  members  to  parliament. 
22  m.  E.  Norwich,  123  N.  N.  E.  London.  Lon.  1° 
43'  E.  Lat.  52"  35'  N.     Pop.  17,977. 

Yarmouth,  seaport,  Eng.  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  near  the  W.  end.  It  sends  2  mem- 
bers to  parliament  1 1  m.  W.  Newport,  99  S.  W. 
London.    Lon.  1"  30'  W.  Lat.  50°  40'  N. 

Yarmouth,  t.  on  the  W.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia, 
35  m.  W.  Shelburn. 

Yarmouth,  t.  iVliddlesex  co.  Upper  Canada,  on 
lake  Erie. 

Yarmouth,  p-t.  and  seaport,  Barnstable  co.  Mass. 
4  m.  E.  Barnstable,  70  S.  E.  Boston.     Pop.  2,134. 

Yarmuc,  or  Yarun,  t.  Palestine,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  which  runs  into  the  lake  of  Tibe- 
rias, 24  m.  S.  E.  Sadhet. 

Yarmuc,  (an.  Marsyas,)  r.  Syria,  which  runs 
into  the  Orontes,  near  Apamea. 

Yarovoi,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch, 
52  m.  N.  Tobolsk. 

Yarrow,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the 
Tweed,  2  m.  below  Selkirk. 

Yarum.     See  Yarm. 

Yaruqui,  a  plain  in  New  Granada,  12  m.  N.  E. 
Quito. 

Yasaschna,  L  Russia,  on  the  Kitoi,  68  m.  N.  W. 
Irkutsk. 

Yatcheveram,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  25  m.  S. 
W.  Nellore. 

Ya/e's  River,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, in  Ion.  12"  15'  W.  lat.  8"  8'  N. 

Yatreb,  the  real  name  of  Medina,  in  Arabia. 
It  is  called  Medina,  or  the  city,  by  way  of  emi- 
nence. 

Yattendon,  v.  Eng.  in  Berks,  4  m.  S.  E.  East 
Ilsley. 

Yaltonur,  t.  Ceylon,  10  m.  S.  W.  Candi. 

Yauaca,  t.  Peru,  on  the  coast,  20  m.  S.  S.  E. 
Nasca.     Lat.  15°  S. 

Yaugos,  t.  Peru,  80  m.  S.  E.  Lima.  Lon.  76° 
46'  W.  Lat.  12"  40'  S. 

Yaxky,  t.  Eng.  in  Huntingdon  co.  15  m.  N. 
Huntingdon,  74  N.  London.  Lon.  0°  15'  W.  Lat. 
52°27'N. 

Yayacatlan,  t.  Mexico,  10  m.  E.  S.  E.  Pueblade 
los  Angelos. 

Yaycos,  or  Yanms,  t.  Peru,  and  capital  of  a  ju- 
risdiction, 80  m.  S.  S.  E.  Lima. 

IQl 


YEN 


801 


Yazoo,  r.  Mississippi,  which  rises  in  the  Chick- 
asaw country,  and  running  S.  W.  joins  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 12  m.  above  the  Walnut  hills,  100  above 
Natchez.  It  is  navigable  100  miles.  Little  Ya- 
zoo runs  into  the  Misaissippi,  15  m.  below  Pal- 
myra. 

Ye,  or  Wye,  r.  Holland,  which  passes  by  Am- 
sterdam, and  runs  into  the  Zuyder  Zee,  6  miles 
below. 

Yeadon,  t.  Eng.  in  Yorkshire,  3  m.  S.  Ottley. 

Ytcaty,  t.  Hind,  in  Mysore,  20  m.  N.  Seringapa- 
tam. 

Yecla,  t.  Spain,  in  Murcia.  Lat.  38°  33'  N.  Pop. 
8,000. 

Yedacolta,  t.  Hind,  m  Mysore,  15  m.  N.  Din- 
digul. 

Yeddimungalum,  t.  Hind,  in  the  Carnatic,  18  m. 
E.  Tanjore. 

Yegue  Hotun,  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  418  m.  E.  N. 
E.  Peking.     Lon.  124"  19'  E.  Lat.  43"  N. 

Yell  Island,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  20  miles 
long,  and  about  7  broad.  Lon.  1"  20'  W.  Lat.  60° 
56'  N. 

Yellow  River,  r.  Ireland,  which  rung  into  the 
Boyne,  4  m.  S.  Kinnegad. 

Yellow  River.     See  Hoangho. 

Yellow  Sea,  or  Gulf  of  Leo-Tong,  large  gulf  in- 
cluded between  the  coast  of  China  and  the  penin- 
sula of  Corea,  about  400  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and 
from  100  to  250  broad. 

Yellow  banks.     See  .Mauvnis  terre. 

Yellow  busha.     See  Yalobusha. 

Yellow  creek,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into  the  Ohio, 
about  15  m.  above  Steubenville.  It  rises  in  salt 
springs,  at  which  salt  is  manufactured. 

Yellow  creek,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  491. 

Yellow  springs,  p-v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

Yellow  springs.     See  Ludlow,  Ohio. 

Yellowstone,  or  Rochejaune,  r.  North  America, 
which  rises  from  a  lake  in  the  Rocky  mountains, 
between  lat.  43"  and  44"  N.  and  after  a  north-east- 
erly course  of  1,100  miles,  falls  into  the  Missouri, 
1,800  miles  from  its  mouth.  Capt.  Clark  descend- 
ed this  river,  on  his  return  from  the  Pacific  ocean. 
He  found  it  deep,  rapid,  and  navigable,  from  the 
place  where  he  struck  it  to  its  mouth,  a  distance 
of  850  miles.  Innumerable  herds  of  buffaloes 
rarged  upon  its  banks ;  and  the  traders  speak  in 
terms  of  high  admiration  of  the  climate  and  soil. 
The  government  of  the  U.  States  have  it  in  con- 
templation to  establish  a  military  post  eventually 
at  the  mouth  of  this  river. 

Yellow  water,  r.  which  rises  in  Alabama,  and 
passing  into  Florida,  runs  into  Pensacola  bay. 

Yemen,  the  finest  and  most  fertile  province  of 
Arabia,  surrounded  by  the  Red  sea,  and  by  the 
provinces  of  Hadramaut,  Nedsjed,  and  Hedsjas. 
Yemen  is  naturally  divided  into  two  parts,  differ- 
ing greatly  in  soil  and  climate  :  that  bordering  on 
the  Red  sea  is  a  dry  and  sandy  plain,  scorched  by 
the  most  torrid  heats;  the  other,  lying  beyond 
this,  is  hilly  and  temperate. 

Yen-king,  city,  China,  52  m.  N.  N.  W.  Peking. 
Lon.  125"  30'  E.  Lat.  40°  30'  N. 

Yenne,  t.  France,  in  Mont  Blanc,  near  the 
Rhone,  14  m.  N.  W.  Chambery. 

Yen-ngan,  city,  China,  on  the  Yen,  390  m.  S. 
W.  Peking.     Lon.  108"  49'  E.  Lat.  36°  44'  N. 

Yan-ping,  city,  China,  820  m.  S.  Peking.  Lon. 
117"54'E.  Lat.26"40'N. 

Yen-tcheou,  city,  China,  in  Tche-kiang,  650  m. 
S.  S.  E.  Peking.    Lon.  119°  14'  E.  Lat,  29° 38'  N. 


802 


YON 


Y  O  R 


.   Yen-tchtou,  city,  China,  in  Chan-tong;,  267  m.  S. 
Peking.     Lon.  116"  36'  E.  Lat.  35"  44'  N. 

Yeovil,  t.  Eng.  in  Somerset  co.  on  the  Ivel,  46 
m.  E.  Exeter,  123  W.  S.  W.  London.  Lon.  2° 
48'  W.  Lat.  50°  56'  N.     Pop.  3,118. 

Yeou-tun'Ouei,  t.  Chinese  Tartary.  Lon.  121" 
19' E.  Lat.  41"  8' N. 

Yeou-yu,  isl.  in  the  Chinese  archipelago,  62  m. 
S.  W.  Macao. 

Yepesy  t  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  17  m.  E.  To- 
ledo. 

Yerkie,  t.  Russia,  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Volga,  60  m.  S.  Astracan. 

Yerma.     See  Jerma. 

YerviHe,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  15  m.  N.  N. 
W.  Rouen. 

Yesd,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak,  on  the  borders  of  Seges- 
tan  and  Kennan.  The  inhabitants  manufacture 
stuffs  and  carpets.  190  m.  E.  Ispahan,  210  N.  E. 
Schiras,     Lon.  56"  E.  Lat.  31°  57'  N. 

Yesd,  t.  Persia,  in  Laristan,  40  m.  N.  Lar. 

Yesdikhast,  or  Jezdhast,  t.  Persia,  in  Farsistan, 
42  m.  S.  Ispahan,  120  N.  Sehiras. 

Yethan,  r.  Scotland,  which  runs  into  the  Ger- 
man sea,  10  m.  N.  Aberdeen. 

Yethohn,  i.  Scotland,  in  Roxburgh  co.  10  m.  E. 
N.  E.  Jedburgh,  56  S.  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1,011. 

Yevering,  v.  Eng.  in  Northumberland,  6  m.  W. 
N.  W.  VVooller. 

Yeula,  t.  Hind,  in  Baglana,  5  m.  E.  Bahbel- 
gong. 

Yevre  le  Chateau,  t.  France,  in  Loiret,  6  m.  S. 
K.  Pithiviers. 

Yeyeapour,  t.  Hind,  in  Lahore,  16  m.  S.  Nagor- 
cote. 

Yjffiniac,  t.  France,  in  North  Coasts,  6  m.  S.  E. 
f3t.  Brieuc. 

Ygeuy  t.  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  12  m.  S.  Cala- 
horra. 

Ygualada,  t.  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  28  m.  N.  W. 
Barcelona. 

Yieti,  t.  Paraguay,  120  m.  S.  E.  Assumption. 

Ylirieska,  t.  Sweden,  38  m.  S.  Ulea. 

Ylo,  or  Ilo,  seaport,  Peru.     Lat.  17"  38'  S. 

Ylum  Oe,  isl.  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt.  Lon. 
10°  7' E.  Lat.  55°  8' N. 

Yniesla,  t.  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20  m.  S.  E. 
Alarcon. 

Yohogany.     See  Youghiogeny. 

Yoingt,  or  Joingt,  t.  France,  in  Rhone-and- 
Loire,  7  m.  E.  Roanue,  2  VV.  S.  W.  Ville-franchc. 

Yolotou,  or  Yulduz,  or  Cyalis,  t.  Little  Buklia- 
ria,  85  m.  N.  N.  W.  Kami. 

Yom-nim-kien-Hotun.  t.  Chinese  Tartary,  on 
the  coast  of  the  gulf  of  Leao-tong,  263  m.  E.  Pe- 
king.   Lon.  121°  34'  E.  Lat.  40°  N. 

Yon,  r.  France,  in  Vendee,  which  passes  by  La 
Roche  sur  Yon. 

Yong-ning,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Yun-nan,  on  the  borders  of  Thibet,  1,095  m.  S. 
W.  Peking.     Lon.  100"  24'  E.  Lat.  27"  50'  N. 

Yong-ngao,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China,  in 
Quang-tong,  20  m.  B.  S.  E.  Macao. 

Yong-pe,  city,  China,  in  Yun-nan,  1,150  m.  S. 
W.  Peking.     Lon.  100°  34'  E.  Lat.  26"  42'  N. 

Yong-ping,  city,  China,  in  Pe-tche-li,  on  a  riv- 
er which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Leao-tong,  115  m. 
E.  Peking,    Lon.  118°  34'  E.  Lat.  39°  55'  N. 

Yong-khang,  or  Yung-tchang,  city,  China,  in 
Yun-nan,  270  m.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  99°  E.  Lat. 
25"  6' N. 

Yong-tcheoit,  city,  China,  in  Hou-quang,  882 


m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.    Lon.  Ill"  15'  E.   Lat.  26' 

10'  N. 

Yonkers,  p-t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  from 
New  York.     Pop.  1,365. 

Yonne,  r.  France,  which  joins  the  Seine,  at 
Montereau. 

Yonne,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  N.E. 
by  Aube,  S.  E.  by  Cote  d'Or,  S.  by  Nyevre,  W. 
by  Loiret,  and  N.  W.  by  Seine-and-Marne.  Pop. 
325,994.    Auxerre  is  the  capital. 

Yookilogee,  v.  in  the  Cherokee  country,  60  m. 

S.  E.  Brainerd.     A  school  was  established  here  by 

the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  in  1819. 

Yopa,  t.  Mexico,  in  Culiacan,  100  m.  E.  N.  E. 

Culiacan. 

Yopas,  Las,  r.  Mexico,  which  runs  into  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  in  lat.  17°  10'  N. 

York,  city,  England,  and  see  of  an  archbishop, 
on  the  Ouse,  in  the  West  Riding,  near  the  centre 
of  the  county  to  which  it  gives  name.  It  has  al- 
ways been  considered  as  the  capital  of  the  north 
part  of  England,  and  the  second  in  the  kingdom  in 
rank.  The  walls  of  this  ancient  city  are  all  en- 
tire, being  repaired  every  year,  if  there  is  occa- 
sion. In  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  it  had  44  parish 
churches,  besides  17  chapels,  16  hospitals,  and  9 
religious  houses.  The  cathedral,  alike  venerable 
for  size,  style,  and  ornaments,  was  two  centuries 
in  building,  from  1227  to  1426.  The  whole  length, 
from  E.  to  W.  is  524  feet,  the  breadth  109  feet  of 
the  cross-aisle,  and  the  height  of  the  lantern  stee- 
ple 180.  It  sends  two  members  to  parliament. 
197  m.  N.  London,  191  S.  Edinburgh.  Lon.  1"  W. 
Lat.  54°  N.     Pop.  16,145. 

York,  t.  the  capital  of  Upper  Canada,  formerly 
called  Torento,  is  situated  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of 
lake  Ontario,  within  an  excellent  harbor  made  by 
a  large  peninsula,  sufficiently  large  to  contain  a 
considerable  fleet.  On  the  extremity  of  the  pe- 
ninsula, called  Gibraltar  Point,  are  block-houses 
and  stores.  The  town  contains  some  fine  build- 
ings, among  which  are  a  court-house,  council- 
house,  and  a  church  for  Episcopalians.  170  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Kingston.  Lon.  79"  20'  W.  Lat.  43°  25'  N. 
Pop.  about  3,000. 

York,  CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  extending  along  Ottawa  river. 

York,  CO.  New  Brunswick,  on  both  sides  of  the 
St.  Johns. 

York,  r.  Maine,  in  York  co.  affording  for  7  or  8 
miles,  a  good  harbor  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 

York,  CO.  Maine,  bounded  N.  by  Oxford  co.  N. 
E.  by  Cumberland  co.  S.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  New  Hampshire.     Pop.  41,877. 

York,  port  of  entry,  p-t.  and  cap.  York  co. 
Maine,  9  m.  N.  N.  E.  Portsmouth,  42  S.  W.  Port- 
land, 67  N.  E.  Boston.  Pop.  3,046.  The  courts 
of  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and  at  Al- 
fred. The  river  on  which  it  stands  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  250  tons..  The  shipping  amounted 
in  1816,  to  1,470  tons. 

York,  or  Yorktown,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  45 
m.  N.  New  York.     Pop.  1,924. 
York,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 
York,  CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Susquehan- 
nah.     Pop.  31,958. 

York,  borough,  and  cap.  York  co.  Penn.  on  Co- 
dorus  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  22 
m.  W.  S.  W.  Lancaster,  30  S.  E.  Carlisle,  50  E. 
Chambersburg,  48  N.  Baltimore,  84  W.  Philadel- 
phia. It  is  regularly  laid  out  and  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  academy,  almshouse,  and  8  houses  d" 


YOU 

public  worship,  for  as  many  different  denomina- 
tions. Lon.  76°  40'  W.  I,at.  39"  58'  N.  Pop. 
2,847. 

York,  r.  Va.  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Mattapony  and  Pamunky,  and  runs  into  the  Ches- 
apeake, S.  of  Mobjack  bay,  opposite  Cape  St. 
Charles.  It  has  4  fathoms  water  for  20  miles 
above  Yorktown. 

York,  CO.  Va.  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Ches- 
apeake, bordered  on  the  N.  by  York  river.  Pop. 
5, 187,  including  2,931  slaves.  Chief  town,  York- 
town. 

York,  district,  S.  C.  on  Catabaw  river.  Pop. 
10,032,  including  3,164  slaves.  At  the  court- 
house is  a  post-oHice. 

York,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  14  m. 
S.  St.  Clairsville.     Pop.  in  1819,  715. 

York,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  Dayton. 

York  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  St.  Vincent,  2  m.  N.  W.  Kingstown  bay. 

York  Fori,  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Nelson's  river, 
ia  Hudson's  bay.     Lon.  92°  46'  W.  Lat.  57°  2'  N. 

York  Minster,  a  lofty  promontory  on  the  coast  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.    Lon.  70°  25'  W.  Lat.  55°  26'  S. 

York  Point,  a  cape  in  the  straits  of  Magellan. 
Lon.  73"  32'  VV.  Lat.  53"  39'  N. 

York  Road,  a  road  for  ships  in  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan, near  the  coast  of  Patagonia.  Lon.  73"  52' 
W.  Lat.  53°  39' S. 

Yorkshire,  county,  England,  and  by  far  the  lar- 
gest in  the  kingdom,  bounded  N.  by  Durham,  E. 
and  N.  E.  by  the  German  sea,  S.  by  Lincolnshire, 
Nottiughamshire,  and  Derbyshire,  S.  W.  by 
Cheshire  and  Lancashire  and  N.  VV.  by  West- 
moreland. It  is  divided  into  three  ridings.  North, 
East,  and  West.    Pop.  in  1 8 1 1 ,  973, 1 1 7. 

Yorktown,  or  York,  p-t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
York  CO.  Virginia,  on  the  S.  side  of  York  river,  11 
miles  from  its  mouth,  at  the  point  where  the  river 
is  suddenly  contracted  to  the  width  of  a  mile.  The 
banks  of  the  river  are  very  high,  and  vessels  of 
the  largest  burthen  may  ride  close  under  them 
with  the  greatest  safety.  The  harbor  is  said  to  be 
the  best  in  Virginia.  The  amount  of  shipping 
owned  in  this  district  in  1815,  was  733  tons.  This 
town  will  ever  be  famous  in  the  American  annals 
for  the  capture  of  Lord  Cornwallis  and  his  army, 
ou  the  19th  of  October  1791.  29  m.  N.  W.  Nor- 
folk, 72  E.  S.  E.  Richmond,  187  S.  S.  E.  Wash- 
ington. Lat.  37°  22'  N.  Lou.  76°  52'  W.  Pop. 
about  700, 

Yo-tchcou,  city,  Clxina,  in  the  province  of  Hou- 
quang,  on  the  Yang-lse  river,  and  on  the  Tong- 
tinglakc,  675  m.  S.  Peking.  Lon,  112"  35'  E.  Lat. 
29"23'N. 

Youb,  El,  t.  Algiers,  50  m.  S.  W.  Tremecen. 

YoughalJ,  seaport,  Ireland,  in  Cork  co.  on  a  bay 
10  which  it  gives  name,  at  the  mouth  of  Blackwa- 
ter  river.  There  is  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  port, 
which  make?  it  diflicult  and  sometimes  dangerous, 
31  m.  S,  W.  Walcrford,25  E.  Cork. 

Youg/uogc7iij,  r.  Pa.  which  pierces  the  Laurel 
mountains,  and  flowing  N.  W.  joins  the  Monon- 
gahela,  15  m.  S.  E.  Pittsburg.  From  the  falls  at 
the  Laurel  mountains,  to  Cumberland  on  the  Po- 
tomac, is  40  miles. 

Yovis,  t.  Africa,  in  Whidah,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Sabi. 

Young  Point,  capo  on  the  E.  coast  of  St.  Vin- 
cent.    Lon.  6 1"  9'  W.  Lat.  13"  12'  N. 

Young^s  Island,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  isl- 
and of  St.  Vincent,  2  m.  S.  E.  Kingston  bay. 

Youngoule,  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar,   Lou.  47"  4'  E.  Lat.  23°  30'  S, 


Y  U  N 


803 


Youngstown,  t,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  from 
Lewiston. 

Youngstown,  p-v  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

Youngstown,  p-t.  Trumbull  co.Ohio,  14  m.  S.E. 
Warren.     Pop.  773. 

Yowry,  isl.  in  the  E.  Indian  sea,  near  the  N. 
coast  of  New  Guinea.  Lon.  130°  45'  E.  Lat.  0° 
15' S. 

Yox  glades,  p-v.  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

Ypres,  or  Ipres,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Flanders, 
on  the  Yperlee.  In  the  year  1242,  the  population 
amounted  to  200,000,  principally  weavers  and 
tradesmen.  The  inhabitants  carried  on  a  great 
trade  in  woollen  cloth,  but  by  the  severity  of  the 
duke  of  Alva,  the  principal  manufacturers  were 
driven  to  England.  At  this  time,  they  carry  on  a 
considerable  manufacture  of  linen,  of  excellent 
fabric.  Ypres  has  sustained  several  remarkable 
sieges.  5i  posts  S.  Ostend,  4  N.  W.  Lisle.  Lon. 
2"  53'  E.  Lat.  50"  48'  N.     Pop.  15,148. 

Yrsee  Abbey,  a  princely  abbey,  Germany,  3  m. 
N.  W.  Kaufbeuren,  25  S.  W.  Augsburg. 

Yrun.    See  Irun. 

Ysendyck,  or  Isendyck,  t,  and  fort,  Flanders,  on 
the  arm  of  the  Scheldt,  called  the  Blie,  8  m.  E. 
Sluys,  17  N.  W.  Ghent.  Lon.  3"  28'  E.  Lat.  5r 
21'  N. 

Ysni.    See  Isny. 

Yssel.     See  Issel. 

Yssengeaux,  or  Issengeattx,  t.  France,  in  Upper 
Loire,  12  m.  N.  E.  Le  Puy.  Lon.  4°  10'  E.  Lat. 
45"  8'  N.     Pop.  6,482, 

Ystad,  or  Ydstad,  seaport,  Sweden,  26  m.  S.  E. 
Lund,  Lon.  13"  44'  E.  Lat.  55"  22'  N,  Pop. 
3,021, 

Yu,  r.  China,  which  rises  in  Ilohan,  and  joins 
the  Hoai,  20  m,  E.  S.  E.  Sin-tsai. 

Yu,  r.  China,  which  rises  in  Kiang-si,  and  runs 
into  the  Kankiang,  7  m.  N.  N.  E.  Lin-kiang. 

Yucatan.     See  Merida. 

Yuen-kiang,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  in 
Yun-nan,  on  the  Ho-ti  river,  1,250  m.  S.  W.  Pe- 
king.    Lon.  lOr  44'  E.  Lat.  23"  37'  N. 

Yverdun,  or  Ifferten,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Vaud, 
on  the  lake  of  Neufchatel,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Orb,  which  divides  into  two  branches,  form- 
ing a  good  port,  and  an  island,  on  which  the  town 
is  situated.  It  has  a  large  and  strong  castle,  a 
college,  hospital,  divers  magazines,  &c.  34  m. 
S.  W.  Berne,  16  N.  Lausanne.  Lon.  6"  14'  E.  Lat. 
46°  48'  N.     Pop.  2,500. 

Yvetot,  t.  France,  in  Lower  Seine,  18  m.  N.  W. 
Rouen,  6  N.  Caudebec.  Pop.  9,800.  Lat.  46" 
47' N. 

Yuma,  or  Yumba,  or  Long  Island,  one  of  the 
Bahama  islands,  about  50  miles  long.  Lon.  74" 
50*  W.  Lat.  23°  20'  N. 

Yumba  Bay,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hispaniola, 
S.  of  Cape  Spada, 

Yumetos,  a  cluster  of  islands  among  the  Bahama 
islands,  20  m.  S.  VV.  Yuma. 

Yun-hing,  city,  China,  in  Ho-nan,  430  m.  S. 
Peking.    Lon.  1 13°  52'  E.  Lat.  33"  N. 

Yun-7ian,  province,  China,  bounded  N.  by  Se- 
tchuen  and  Thibet,,  E.  by  Quang-si  and  Koei- 
tcheou,  S.  by  Laos,  and  W.  by  Ava  and  Pegu ; 
about  300  miles  long,  and  250  broad.  It  is  reck- 
oned one  of  the  most  fertile  in  China, 

Yun-nan,  city,  China,  of  the  first  rank,  and 
capital  of  Yun-nan,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  a  lake,, 
and  formerly  celebrated  for  its  extent,  and  the 
beauty  of  its  public  edifices  ;  but  the  Tartars,  ia 
their  different  invasions,  destroyed  all  these  menu- 


Sim 


Z  A  L 


z  A  i>r: 


ments.  1,152  m.  S.  S.  W.  Peking.  Lon.  102"  28' 
E.  Lat.  25''6'N. 

^  r«n/ai,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  China,  in  the 
Eastern  sea,  30  miles  in  circumference.  Lon. 
119°  19'  E.  Lat.  34"  35'  N. 

Yupura,  r.  Peru,  which  branches  off  from  the 
Caqueta,  about  lat.  1"  N.  and  after  an  easterly 
course  of  about  300  miles,  runs  into  the  river  of 


tlie  Amazons  by  many  mouths,  100  m.  W.  f  ort  Rio 
Negro.     Lat.  4°  S. 

Yurna,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Amazons,  near  the  equinoctial  line, 
Lon.  50°  40'  W. 

Yuli,  i.  Paraguay,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
which  runs  iutp  the  Paraguay,  115  m.  S.  E.  As 
sumption. 


Z. 


Zaab,  or  Zeb,  district,  Africa,  in  Sahara.  Lat. 
between  34°  30'  and  35"  N. 

Zaandam.     See  Sardam. 

Zaara.     See  Sahara. 

Zabacha.     See  Azoph. 

Zaber,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Neckar, 
near  Lauffen. 

Zahulon.    See  Zebulon. 

Zacatecas,  intendancy,  Mexico,  bounded  N.  by 
Durango,  E.  by  San  Luis  Potosi,  S.  by  Guanax- 
ato,  and  W.  by  Guadalaxiira.  Area,  18,039 
square  miles.     Pop.  153,300. 

Zacatula,  or  Sacalula,  t.  Mexico,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  near  the  Pacific  ocean,  95  m.  S. 
Mechoacan.     Lon.  103°  W.  Lat.  18°  35'  N. 

Zacheo,  or  Desechio,  small  isl.  in  the  West  In- 
dies, between  Hispaniola  and  Porto  Rico,  27  m. 
N.  E.  Mona. 

Zadaon,  r.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, near  Setuval. 

Zadonsk,  t.  Russia,  in  Voronez,  on  the  Don, 
92  m.  N.  Voronez.  Lon.  39°  14'  E.  Lat.  53° 
4'N. 

Zafra,  i  A.  Turkey,  in  Trebisond,  on  the  Black 
sea,  50  m.  N.  W.  Trebisond. 

Zafra,  t.  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  22  m.  E.  Xeres 
de  los  Caballeros.     Pop.  6,000. 

ZagarOy  (an.  Helicon,)  mountain  of  Greece,  in 
Livadia. 

Zagatai,  country,  Asia,  on  each  side  of  the  Gi- 
hon,  including  Samarcand  and  Bukharia. 

Zagawa,  city,  Africa,  in  Boruou,  on  a  river. 
Lon.  25"  50*  E.  Lat.  19°  10'  N. 

Zagora,  t.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  a  lake 
which  communicates  with  the  Black  sea,  12  m.  S. 
W.  Burgas. 

Zahara,  t.  Spain,  in  Seville,  36  m.  S.  E.  Se- 
ville, 40  N.  W.  Madrid.  Lon.  5°  33'  W.  Lat.  36° 
50'  N. 

Zahara.    See  Sahara. 

Zainah,  t.  Algiers,  40  m.  S.  W.  Conslantina. 

Zaine,  or  Wadel  Berber,  r.  Africa,  which 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  in  lon.  9°  16'  E.  lat. 
36°54'N. 

Zaire,  or  Saire,  or  Congo,  r.  Africa,  which 
rises  in  the  country  of  Matamba,  about  lat.  10° 
S.  and  takes  a  northerly  course  to  lat  3°  in  the 
kingdom  of  Congo ;  after  which  it  takes  a  S.  W. 
direction,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lon.  12" 
20'  E.  lat.  6°  S.  An  expedition  under  Capt  Tuck- 
ey  was  sent  from  England  in  1816,  to  explore  this 
tiver,  and  ascended  in  a  sloop  120  miles,  and  on 
foot  150  miles  further,  but  meeting  with  insupera- 
ble difficulties,  was  then  obliged  to  return. 

Zal  Aleksandrovskoi,  bay  of  the  Caspian  sea, 


260  m.  S.  S.  E.  Astrachan.  Lon.  51°  14'  E.  Lat. 
43°  N. 

Zambose,  or  Cumana,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  sea.     Lon.  37°  E.  Lat.  19°  S. 

Zamfara,  or  Zanfara,  t.  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a 
kingdom  of  the  same  name,  170  m.  E.  N.  E.  Wan- 
gara.     Lon.  16°  15'  E.  Lat.  18°  20'  N. 

Zamora,  t.  Spain,  in  Leon,  on  the  Duero,  the 
see  of  a  bishop.  It  is  a  frontier  town  against  Por- 
tugal. 120  m.  N.  W.  Madrid,  50  S.  S.  W.  Leon. 
Lon.  6°  W.  Lat.  41°  50'  N.     Pop.  8,500. 

Zamora,  t.  Mexico,  80  m.  N.  W.  Mechoacan. 
Lon.  103°  40'  W.  Lat.  20°  54'  N. 

Zamora,  t.  S.  America,  200  m.  S.  Quito.  Lon. 
78°  46' W.  Lat.  4°  S. 

Zamoscie,  or  Samosizic,  t.  and  fortress,  Austrian 
Poland,  in  Galicia,  with  a  stately  cathedr?,!,  sev- 
eral other  churches,  and  a  dccaved  university. 

60  m.  N.  W.  Lemberg,  40  S.  S.  W.  Chelm.  Lon. 
23°  13'  E.  Lat.  50°  31'N.     Pop.  3,500. 

ZampaJn,  or  Chempoalla,  or  Zempoala,  city, 
Mexico,  90  m.  E.  Puebla  da  los  Angelos.  Lon 
97°  50' W.  Lat.  20"  10' N. 

Zane,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1815,  315. 

Zanestorrn,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

Zanesvilh,  p-t.  and  cap.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Muskingum  river,  at  the  falls,  op- 
posite Putnam,  80  m.  W.  Wheeling,  in  Virginia, 

61  N.  W.  Marietta,  70  N.  E.  Chillicothe,  58  E. 
Columbus.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and  well 
situated  for  trade  and  manufactures,  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Muskingum  being  uninterrupted  from 
its  mouth,  the  falls  affording  numerous  fine  mill- 
seats,  and  the  surrounding  country  abounding 
with  inexhaustible  beds  of  coal  for  such  establish- 
ments as  require  the  use  of  fuel.  Here  are  al- 
ready erected  2  glass-houses,  several  flour-mills, 
an  oil-mill,  saw-mills,  a  nail  factory,  and  woollen 
factory.  'The  town  contains  besides  2  banks,  2 
printing-offices,  a  court-house,  and  several  public 
offices.  There  are  2  bridges  over  the  river  at  this 
place.  A  company  was  incorporated  in  1814,  for 
the  construction  of  a  canal  and  locks  around  the 
falls,  and  the  work  is  now  rapidly  progressing. 
The  expense  is  estimated  at  from  70,000  to  100,000 
dollars,  and  the  company  intend  to  unite  with  the 
canal  extensive  water  works,  for  manufacturing 
purposes.  Lon.  82°  3'  W.  Lat.  39°  58'  N.  Pop. 
about  1,500. 

Zanfara.     See  Zamfara. 

Zangesair,  or  Sangueseer,  s-p  Hind,  in  Con- 
can,  15  m.  S.  Severndroog.  Lon.  72"  54'  E.  Lat. 
17°38'N. 

Zanguebar,  a  name  given  to  ^  large  territory 
on  the  pastern  coast  of   Africa,'  embracing  the 


Z  A  V 


Z  E  I 


805 


countries  of  Melinda,  Ivlongala,  Mozambique,  &c. 
The  name  is  said  to  import  "  the  coast  of  the 
Negroes,"  all  the  inhabitants  being  blacks,  with 
curled  woolly  hair.  It  extends  from  lat.  2°  N.  to 
21°  S. 

Zanhaga,  or  Zunzaga,  or  Zenhaga,  province  of 
Africa,  in  Sahara,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic. 

Zante,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  coast 
of  the  Morea,  about  12  miles  long  and  6  broad, 
chiefly  inhabited  by  Greeks.  The  Greeks  have 
40  churches,  besides  convents,  and  a  bishop  ;  the 
Roman  Catholics  have  three  convents  and  a  bish- 
op. By  the  treaty  of  Campo  Formio,  Zante  was 
given  to  France  ;  but  in  1799,  it  was  taken  by  the 
united  fleets  of  Russia  and  Turkey,  and  soon  af- 
terwards connected  with  other  neighbouring  isl- 
ands to  form  the  republic  of  the  Seven  Islands. 
See  Ionian  islands.  The  island  produces  excel- 
lent wine,  and  currants,  olives,  figs,  melons,  peach- 
es, and  other  choice  fruits.  It  is  much  subject  to 
earthquakes.  The  London  Society  have  a  mis- 
sionary on  this  island.  Lon.  21°  4'  E.  Lat.  37°  40° 
N.     Pop.  40,000. 

Zante,  t.  and  capital  of  the  island  of  Zante,  sit- 
uated on  the  N.  E.  side,  with  a  harbour  safe  and 
commodious  for  vessels  of  any  size.  On  a  moun- 
tain above  the  town  is  a  citadel  which  commands 
the  harbour.  Zante  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  and 
Latin  bishop.  Lon.  21°  8'  E.  Lat.  37°  50' N. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Zanzibar,  ovZangibar,  isl.  Africa,  in  the  Indian 
sea,  near  the  coast  of  Zanguebar.  Lon.  41°  13' 
E.  Lat.  6°  S. 

Zara,  city  and  s-p.  Dalmatia,  the  see  of  an  arch- 
bishop, surrounded  on  all  sides  by  the  sea,  saving 
that  it  has  a  communication  with  the  continent, 
by  means  of  a  draw-bridge,  commanded  by  a  fort. 
It  is  deemed  almost  impregnable.  The  harbour, 
which  lies  to  the  north,  is  capacious,  safe,  and 
well  guarded.  28  m.  N.  W.  Scardona.  Lon.  15° 
38'  E.  Lat.  44"  22'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

Zara  Vecchia,  Old  Zara,  or  Biograd,  or  Jllbi 
Marilima,  t.  Dalmatia,  now  little  better  than  a 
village,  18  m.  S.  E.  Zara. 

Zaraisk,  t.  Russia,  in  Riazan,  on  the  Oser,  24 
m.  S.  W.  Riazan.     Lou.  38 '  24'  E.  Lat.  54°  30'  N. 

Zared,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  tribe  of 
Manasseh. 

Zareng,  or  Segestan,  t.  Persia,  and  cap.  of  Se- 
^estan,  celebrated  for  its  beautiful  pottery.  222 
m.  W.  Candahar,  162  E.  Ispahan.  Lon.  61°  32' 
E.  Lat.  32°  3'  N. 

Zarepthah,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  between 
Tyre  and  Sidon. 

Zarethan,  in  Sac.  Geog.     See  Zared. 

Zarp,  T.  Asia,  which  runs  into  the  Tigris,  40  m. 
below  Mosul. 

Zarpana,  or  Rota,  or  St.  Ann,  one  of  the  La- 
Jrone  islands,  about  40  miles  in  circumference,  21 
m.  from  Guam. 

Zashiversk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  1,320  m.  N.  N. 
E.  Irkutsk,  1,732  E.  N.  E.  Kolivan.  Lon.  138°  14' 
E.  Lat.  67^  25'  N. 

Zaimar,  t.  Hungary,  66  m,  N.  N.  W.  Colosvar, 
170  E.  Presburg.  Lon.  22°  24'  E.  Lat.  47°  47'  N. 
Pop.  8,209. 

Zalor,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  22  m.  W.  S.  W.  Cra- 
:ow. 

Zavidei,  isl.  Russia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
s>f  Tchaunskaia.  in  the  Frozen  sea,  60  miles  in 
circumference.  '  Lon.  16G"  14'  E.  Lat.  71°  50'  to 
72°  20'  N, 


Zaurgatch,  t.  Russia,  in  Tobolsk,  on  the  Irtisch, 
80  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tobolsk. 

Zaweh,  district,  Per-sia,  bounded  N.  by  Ka- 
rasm,  E.  by  Chorasan,  S .  by  Mazanderan,  and  W. 
by  the  Caspian  sea. 

Zaweh,  t.  Persia,  and  ciapitalof  a  district,  on  the 
river  Tedjen,  24  m.  fro  tn  the  Caspian  sea,  81  m. 
N.  Meschid,  45  N.  N.  E.  Asterabat. 

Zawichost,  t.  Poland,  8  m.  N.  Sandomirz. 

Zaivich,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 24  m.  E.  Anah. 

Zayre.     See  Zaire. 

Zborrow,  t.  Austrian  Poland,  63  m.  E.  Lem- 
burg,  26  N.  W.  Braclaw. 

Zealand,  or  Zetland,  or  Seeland,  (in  Danish 
Sueland,)  the  largest  island  belonging  to  the  king- 
dom of  Denmark,  bounded  N.  by  the  Scaggerac, 
E.  by  the  Sound,  S.  by  the  Bui  tic,  and  W.  by  the 
Great  Belt ;  about  65  miles  long  from  N.  to  S. 
and  where  widest,  60  from  E.  to  W.  The  soil  is 
generally  fertile,  and  produces  corn  more  than 
suflicient  for  the  inhabitants,  with  excellent  pas- 
tures. Lon.  10°  58'  to  12°  40'  E.  Lat.  55°  2'  to  56" 
6'N. 

Zealand,  one  of  the  States  of  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands,  consisting  of  islands  formed  by 
branches  and  outlets  of  the  Scheldt.  On  the  N.  it 
is  bounded  by  Holland,  E.  by  Brabant,  S.by  Flan- 
ders, and  W.  by  the  North  sea.  The  islands  of 
Walcheren  and  Schouwen  are  defended  against 
the  violence  of  the  sea,  by  downs  or  sand-hills  on 
one  side,  and  on  the  other  like  the  rest  of  the  isl- 
ands of  Zealand,  by  vast  dykes.  The  soil  is  very 
fruitful,  and  famed  for  its  excellent  wheat  and 
madder.     Pop.  112,000. 

Zealand,  JVew.     See  JVew  Zealand 

Zeb,  or  Zib,  t.  Syria,  near  the  sea  coast,  (an. 
Achsaph,  Achzib,  and  Ecdippa,)  9  m.  from  Acre. 

Zebid,  city,  .-Vrabia,  in  Yemen,  once  the  most 
commercial  city  in  all  Tehama  ;  but  since  the  har- 
bour of  Ghalefka  was  choked  up,  its  trade  has 
been  transferred  to  Beit  el  Fakih  and  Mocha,  and 
it  now  retains  nothing  but  the  shadow  of  its  former 
splendour.  52  m.  N.  Mocha.  Lon.  43°  15'  E. 
Lat.  14°  12'  N. 

Zeboim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  a  valley  in  the  tribe  of 
Benjamin. 

Zechini,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
2  m.  S.  E.  Stanchio.  Lon.  26°  51'  E.  Lat.  36° 
48' N. 

Zedic,  t.  Africa,  cap.  of  a  district  of  Tripoli,  on 
a  bay  of  the  Meditermnean,  called  the  Bay  of  Ze- 
dic, 150  m.  E.  S.  E.  Tripoli,  120  S.  E.  Mesurada. 

Zegedin,  or  Szeged,  t.  Hungary,  near  the  con- 
flux of  the  rivers  Maros  and  Theisse.  It  is  strong, 
and  a  place  of  some  trade,  68  m.  N.  Belgrade,  60 
N.  W.  Temesvar.  Lon.  19"  56'  E.  Lat.  46°  15'  N. 
Pop.  25,347. 

Zegma,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Diarbekir,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, opposite  Romkala. 

Zegzeg,  city,  Africa,  and  cap.  of  a  country  of 
tlie  same  name,  370  m.  N.  N.  E.  Cashna.  Lon. 
16°  E.  Lat.  20°  45' N. 

Zehdenick,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Havel,  28  m.  S.  S.  W.  Prenzlow,  28  N; 
Borlin.  Lon.  13°  22'  E.  Lat.  52°  58'  N.  Pop. 
2,500. 

Zeila,  or  Zella,  or  Sejla,  s-p.  Africa,  in  Adel,  on 
the  coast  of  the  Arabian  sea,  at  the  mouth*  of  the 
Hanazo,  which  forms  a  bay  called  thte  Gulf  oj 
Zeila.    Lon.  44°  20'  E.  Lat.  10°  45'  N. 

Zeithayn,  t.  Saxony,  in  Meissen,  8  m.  W.  N. 
W.  Grossenhayn.  ." 


806 


Z  E  R 


Zeiton,  t.  Eu,  Turkey,  in  Thesaly,  on  a  gulf  to 
•which  it  gives  name.  48  m.  S.  S.  E.  Larissa,  62 
N.  Corinth.  Lon.  22"  58' E.  Lat.  39"  6'  N.  Pop. 
4,000. 

Zeilon^  gulf  or  bay  of  the  Egaean  sea,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Thessaly,  N.  W.  of  the  island  of  Negro- 
ponte. 

Zeitoun,  t.  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the  government 
of  Sivas,  on  the  Kizilemark,  33  m.  W.  Samsoun. 

Zeite,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  15  m.  E.  S. 
E.  Naumburg,  64  W.  Dresden.  Lon.  12°  2'  E. 
Lat.  51°  3' N.    Pop.  5,800. 

Zekelfieib,  t.  Hungary,  8  m.  N.  N.  W.  St.  Job. 

Zelandy,  small  isl.  near  the  W.  coast  of  Suma- 
tra.    Lon.  98°  14'  E.  Lat.  0"  53'  N. 

Zelanica,  cape  on  the  N.  coast  of  Nova  Zembla. 
Lon.  77°  24'  E.  Lat.  78°  N. 

Zeleh,  t.  A.  Turkey,  in  Sivas,  (an.  Zela,)  21  m. 
W.  S.  W.  Tocat,  55  "W.  N.  W.  Sivas. 

Zelenin,  small  isl.  in  the  Frozen  ocean,  near  the 
S.  W.  coast  of  Nova  Zembla.  Lon.  56°  24'  E. 
Lat.  70°  50'  N. 

Zelczenskaia,  fort,  Russia,  in  Kolivan,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Irtisch.    Lon.  75°  40'  E.  Lat.  53°  25'  N. 

Zell  am  Hammersbach,  t.  Baden,  in  the  vale  of 
Hammersbach,  9  m.  W.  Freudenstadt,  26  N.  W. 
Rothweil.  Lon.  8°  7'  E.  Lat.  48°  23'  N.  Pop. 
1,112. 

Zelle,  city,Hanover,in  the  principality  of  Lunc- 
burg,  fortified  and  Avell  built,  on  the  AUer,  which 
is  here  navigable.  Here  are  manufacturers  and 
artificers  in  various  branches,  particularly  in  gold 
and  silver.  40  m.  S.  Luneburg,  128  W.  Berlin. 
Lou.  10°  14'  E.  Lat.  53°  52'  N.     Pop  8,800. 

Zellerfdd,  t.  Hanover,  in  the  Harz  Forest;  sil- 
ver to  the  value  of  20,000  imperial  crowns  is  an- 
nually coined  in  this  town.   6  m.  S.  S.  W.  Goslar. 

Zeller  See,  lake,  Germany,  28  m.  S.  S.  W.  Salz- 
burg. 

Zemaraim,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the 
tribe  of  Benjamin. 

Zembla.     See  JVora  Zembla. 

Zemlin,  or  Semliii,  t.  and  fortress,  Sclavonia,  at 
the  union  of  the  Save  and  the  Danube,  opposite 
Belgrade.     Pop.  7,089. 

Zemorget,  or  Zermogete,  small  isl.  in  the  Red 
sea,  30  m.  from  the  coast  of  Egypt.  Lon.  53°  5' 
E.  Lat.  23°  25'  N. 

Zenderoud,  r.  Persia,  which  passes  by  Ispahan, 
and  loses  itself  in  a  lake,  15  m.  S.  W.  Lauristan. 

Zengan,  or  Zenigan,  t.  Persia,  in  Irak.  It  has 
been  frequently  sacked  and  destroyed  by  the  Tar- 
tars and  the  Turks.  21  m.  N.  W.  Sultania,  120 
S.  S.  E.  Tauris. 

Zenguia,  t.  Syria,  on  the  Euphrates,  55  m.  N. 
N.  E.  Aleppo,  90  E.  Alexandretta. 

Zenia.     See  Xenia. 

Zenta,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  river  Theys,  memo- 
rable for  a  signal  victory  obtained  in  the  year 
1697,  by  Prince  Eugene  over  the  Turks.  52  m. 
N.  Belgrade,  52  W.  Temesvar. 

Zepkira,  small  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago, 
near  the  N.  coast  of  Antiparos. 

Zerbst,  t.  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Anhalt- 
Dessau,  and  the  largest  and  handsomest  town  in 
the  whole  principality  of  Anhalt.  In  the  town  are 
2  Lutheran  churches,  with  an  university.  8  m. 
N.  N.  W.  Dessau,  44  S.  W.  Potsdam.  Lon.  12° 
10'  E.  Lat.  52"  3'  N.     Pop.  8,000. 

Zerea,  t.  Persia,  in  Farsistan,  18  m.  N.  N.  E. 
Schiras. 

Zermagna,  r.  Dalmatia,  which  runs  into  the 
Adriatic,  opposite  Fago. 


Z  IN 

Zero,  r.  Italy,  which  runs  into  the  sea,  7  m.  N. 
Venice. 

Zevaco,  small  isl.  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  near  the 
coast  of  Veragua.     Lon.  81°  46'  W.  Lat.  8°  N. 

Zeulenroda,  t.  Germany,  in  the  principality  of 
Reuss-Greitz,  10  m.  W.  Greitz.  17  N.  N.  W.  Lo- 
benstein.  Lon.  11°  51'  E.  Lat.  60°  36'  N.  Pop. 
3,600. 

Zeyland,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Lapland, 
Lat.  70"  10' N. 

Zezare,  r.  Portugal,  which  runs  into  the  Tagus, 
at  Tancos. 

Zezarine,  or  Kierazin,  small  isl.  in  the  Persian 
gulf.    Lat.  28°  8' N. 

Zha,  r.  Africa,  which  forms  the  east  boundary 
of  Fez,  and  runs  into  the  Mullooiah. 

ZiUy  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago,  (an.  Ceos 
and  Hyrfrassa,)  about  16  leagues  in  circumference. 
The  inhabitants  are  Greeks,  who  have  a  bishop. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Of  four  cities  in  this  island,  the 
only  one  at  present  remaining  is  Zeia,  containing 
about  3,000  inhabitants,  with  a  harbour  capable 
of  receiving  vessels  of  considerable  burden.  10 
m.  E.  Cape  Colonni.  Lon.  24°  24'  E.  Lat.  37" 
30'  N. 

Ziber,\.  Eu,  Turkey,  in  Bulgaria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 24  m.  S.  S.  E.  Viddin. 

Zibreira,  t.  Portugal,  in  Beira,  30  m.  &  Alfay- 
ates,  12  N.  N.  W.  Alcantara  in  Spain. 

Zibrits,  r.  Eu.  Turkey,  which  runs  in  the  Dan- 
ube, near  Ziber,  in  Bulgaria. 

Ziegenhals,  t.  Silesia,  famous  for  its  manufac- 
tures of  beautiful  glasses.  10  m.  S.  Neisse,  20  N. 
W.  Jagerndorf.  Lon.  17°  17'  E.  Lat.  50"  12^  N. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Ziege7ihayn,  t.  Germany,  and  chief  place  of 
a  province  of  the  same  name,  in  Hesse  Cassel, 
16  m.  S.  Fritzlar,  26  S.  Cassel.  Lon.  9°  15'  E. 
Lat.  50°  50'  N.     Pop.  1,570. 

Ziegenruck,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Saxony,  on  the 
Saal,  10  m.  S.  Neustadt,  11  E.  Saalfeld.  Lon.  11° 
42' E.  Lat.  50°  32' N.     Pop.  740. 

Zielenzig,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  Brandenburg, 
18  m.  S.  E.  Custrin,  22  N.  E.  Francfort  on  the 
Oder.     Lon.  15"  16'  E.  Lat.  52"  30'  N.   Pop.  3, 100. 

Zierenberg,  t.  Hesse-Cassel,  11  m.  N.  W.  Cas- 
sel, 10  N.  N'.  W.  Naumburg.  Lon.  9°  20'  E.  Lat. 
51°22'N.     Pop.  1,180. 

Zigansk,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  on  the  Lena, 
1,472  m.  E.  Tobolsk,  1,3-^10  N.  E.  Kolivan.  Lon. 
120°  32'  E.  Lat.  67°  N. 

Ziget,  t.  Hungary,  between  the  streams  of  a 
small  river,  which  unite  below  the  town,  and  soon 
after  run  into  the  Drave.  It  is  on  every  side  sur- 
rounded by  a  morass,  and  defended  by  moats, 
walls,  and  bastions.  44  m.  S.  E.  Canischa,  130 
S.  S.  E.  Vienna.     Lon.  17°  56'  E.  Lat.  46"  8'  N. 

Zimbttoa,  or  Zimbao,  t.  Africa,  in  Sofala,  and 
capital  of  Mocaranga.  Lon.  33"  40'  E.  Lat.  16" 
40'  S. 

Zimiti,  t.  New  Granada,  near  a  lake,  60  m.  S 
Santa  Fe  de  Bogota,  190  S.  S.  £.  Carthagena. 
Lon.  74"  6'  VV.  Lat.  7"  42'  N. 

Zinari,  isl.  in  the  Grecian  archipelago.  Lou. 
26"  10'  E.  Lat.  36"  59'  N. 

Zingsl,  small  isl.  in  the  Baltic,  near  the  coast  of 
Pomerania.     Lon.  12°  50'  E.  Lat.  54"  28'  N; 

Zinten,  t.  Prussia,  in  Natangen,  30  m.  S.  S.  W. 
Konigsberg.     Lon.  20"  20*  E.  Lat  54"  23'  N. 

Zinu,  or  Sinu,  t.  New  Granada,  90  m.  S.  Car- 
thasena.     Lon.  75°  48'  W.  Lat.  8"  58'  N. 

Zinzig,  or  Sinsig,  t.  France,  in  Roer,  18  m.  N. 
N.  W.  Coblentz.    Lon.  7"  1 2'  E.  Lat.  50'  33'  N. 


Z  O  N 


2  U  N 


807 


Ziph,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  iu  the  tribe  of 
Judah. 

Ziricze,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  and  capital 
of  Schouwen.    Lon.  3''  48'  E.  Lat.  51"  40'  N. 

Zirua,  small  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the 
coast  of  Tunis.     Lon.  11"  39'  E.  Lat.  ^3"  39'  N. 

Zis,  r.  North  Africa,  which  loses  itself  in  the 
sands,  in  Tafilet. 

Zistersdorf,  t.  Austria,  with  a  citadel,  20  m.  N. 
-E.  Vienna,  28  N.  W.  Presburg.  Lon.  16"  43'  E. 
Lat.  48"  28'  N. 

Zilara,  t.  New  Granada,  120  m.  S.  W.  Santa 
Fe  de  Antioquia,  210  N.  Popayan.  Lon.  76°  30'  W. 
Lat.  6"  N. 

Zittau,  r.  Germany,  which  runs  into  the  Saal, 
4  m.  S.  S.  E.  Bernburg. 

Zittau,  t.  Saxony,  in  Upper  Lusatia,  on  the 
river  Neiase,  and  fortified  in  the  ancient  manner. 
It  contains  2  churches  within  the  walls,  and  3 
without,  with  3  hospitals  and  an  orphan-house.  17 
m.  S.  Gorlitz,  52  N.  N.  E.  Prague.  Lon.  14"  56' 
E.  Lat.  50°  49'  N.     Pop.  9,000. 

Znm/m,  t.  Moraviti,  in  the  circle  of  the  same 
name,  near  the  Teya.  It  contains  a  citadel,  and 
a  college.  58  m.  S.  W.  Olmutz,  38  N.  W.  Vien- 
na.    Lon.  15°51'E.Lat.48"48'N.     Pop.  5,190. 

Zoan,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Nile. 

Zoar,  in  Sac.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Dead  sea. 

Zoar,  t.  Arabia,  in  Hedsjas,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
the  Dead  sea,  at  the  mouth  ol  the  Safia,  30  m.  N. 
Karac. 

Zoar,  V.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  E.  Dela- 
ware. 

Zoarn,  t.  Africa,  in  Barca,  140  m.  S.  W.  Tolo- 
meta.     Lon.  1 1"  56'  E.  Lat.  32"  35'  N. 

Zobah,  in  Sac.  Gcog.  t.  Mesopotamia,  which 
gave  name  to  a  province.  It  is  now  called  jYisibin. 
Zoblitz,  t.  Saxony,  in  the  circle  of  Erzgebirg. 
The  inhabitants  subsist  principally  by  working 
the  serpent-stone,  which  is  found  here,  into  pitch- 
«rs,  bowls,  tea  and  coffee-dishes,  mortars,  cups, 
&c.  17  m.  S.  Freyberg,  30  S.  VV.  Dresden.  Lon. 
13"  \V  E.  Lat.  50" 36'  N.     Pop.  925. 

Zoblen,  t.  Silesia,  9  m.  E.  N.  E.  Schweiduitz,  16 
S.  S.  W.  Breslau.  Lon.  16"  41'  E.  Lat.  50"  48'  N. 
Pop.  1,000. 

Znfnla.     See  Sofala. 

Znffingcn,  t.  Switzerland,  in  Berne,  on  the  Wig- 

ger,  26  m.  N.  N.  E.  Berne,  24  N.  N.  W.  Lucerne. 

Zollern,  castle,  Germany,  on  a  mountain,  in  the 

principality  of  HohenzoUern,  to  which  it  gives 

name,  10  m.  S.  Tubingen. 

Zolnok,  t.  Hungary,  on  the  Theyssc,  48  m.  W. 
S.  W.  Debriczin. 

Zologci\  t.  Russia,  in  Cliarcov,  24  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Charkov.     Lon.  35"  44'  E.  Lat.  50°  20'  N. 

Zolotitza,  t.  Russia,  in  Archangel,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  White  Sea,  60  m.  N.  Archangel. 

Zombar,  t.  Hungary,  40  m.  S.  Colocsa,  30  N.  E. 

Eszek.  Lon.  19"  12'  E.  Lat.  45"  56'  N.  Pop.  14,956. 

Zonchio,  cape,  Eu.  Turkey,  on  the  coast  of  the 

Morea,  12  m.  N.  N.  W.  Navarin.     Lon.  21"  30'  E. 

Lat.  37°  12'  N. 

Zonchio,  s-p.  Eu.  Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  8  m, 
N.  Navarin. 

Zondags,  r.  Africa,  which  runs  into  the  Indian 
Sea.    Lon.  29°  E.  Lat.  31"  20'  N. 

Zons,  t.  Germany,  on  the  Rhine,  with  a  castle, 
13  m.  N.  N.  W.  Cologn,  56  N.  E,  Liege.  Lon.  6° 
43' E.  Lat.  51°  4' N. 


Zorah,  in  Sao.  Geog.  t.  Palestine,  in  the  plains 
of  Judah,  but  assigned  to  the  tribe  of  Dan. 

Zorah,  t.  Africa,  on  the  coast' of  Barca.  Lon. 
18"  30'  E.  Lat.  30"  45'  N. 

Zorbig,  or  Little  Zerbst,  t.  Prussian  States,  in 
Saxony,  with  a  citac^el,  15  m.  S.  Dessau,  22  N.  N. 
W.  Leipsic.  Lon.  12°  18' E.  Lat.  51"  40' N.  Pop. 
1,940. 

Zorn,  r.  France,  which  rises  in  Lower  Rhine, 
and  communicates  with  the  Rhine,  8  m.  N.  Stras- 
burg. 

Zorndorf,  t.  Brandenburg,  near  Custrin,  where 
the  King  of  Prussia  defeated  the  Russians  in  the 
year  1758. 

Zour  el  Hamman,  or  Island  of  Pidgeons,  small 
isL  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  coast  of  Al- 
giers.    Lon.  12"  38'  E.  Lat.  36"  26'  N. 

Zoivainore,  or  Zimbra,  isl.  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  N.  E.  coast  of  Tunis,  18  m.  N.  N.  W. 
Cape  Bon.    Lon.  1 1°  8'  E.  Lat.  36"  50'  N. 

Zow-uan,  or  Zagwan,  t.  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Tunis,  famous  lor  the  dying  of  scarlet  caps.  36 
m.  S.  W.  Tunis.     Lon.  10"  6'  E.  Lat.  36"  14'  N. 

Zrin,  t.  near  the  river  iJnna,  40  m.  E.  S.  E. 
Carlstadt,  12  S.  Petrinia.  |jon.  16°  55'  E.  Lat.  45° 
16' N. 

Zublsov,  t.  Russia,  ia  Tver,  on  the  Volga,  68  m. 
S.  W.  Tver.     Lon.  34°  60'  E.  Lat.  55°  46'  N. 

Zuckmandel,  t.  Silesia,  the  see  of  a  bishop,  17 
m.  N.  N.  W.  Jagerndor(,  10  S.  Neisse.  Lon.  17" 
16'  E.  Lat.  50°  8'  N. 

Zueela,  or  Zawila,  t.  Africa,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Fczzan,  60  m.  E.  N.  E.  ]\[ourzouk.  Lon.  16°  45' 
E.  Lat.  27"  35'  N. 

Zueva,  t.  Russia,  in  Irkutsk,  at  the  union  of  the 
Kotoi  and  the  Angara,  60  m.  N.  N.  W.  Irkutsk. 

Zug,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  bounded  N.  and 
E.  by  Zuric,  S.  by  Schweitz,  and  W.  by  Lucern ; 
only  about  ten  miles  long,  and  as  much  broad. 
The  government  is  entirely  democratical.  The 
people  are  reckoned  the  most  restless  of  Switzer 
land.     Pop.  14,735. 

Zug,  t.  Switzerland,  and  capital  of  a  canton  of 
the  same  name,  at  the  N .  E.  extremity  of  the  lake 
of  Zug,  15  m.  S.  Zurich,  1?  N.  N.  E.  Lucerne. 
Lon.  8"  16' E.  Lat.  47"  6' N.     Pop.  2,000. 

Zug,  lake,  Switzerland,  8  miles  long  and  2  wide, 
which  takes  its  name  from  tlie  town  on  its  coast. 

Zullichau,  t.  Prussian  States  in  Brandenburg, 
situated  in  a  low  plain,  half  \  German  mile  dis- 
tance from  the  Oder,  and  about  tlie  same  distance 
from  the  Ober.  VVithoul  the  walls  is  a  seat  be- 
longing to  the  king  of  Prussia,  fiVr-tified  with  walls 
and  moats.  Zullichau  contains!  a  good  woollen 
manufacture.  In  the  year  17-jo,  a  battle  was 
fought  near  this  town  between  tiie  Prussians  and 
the  Russians,  in  which  tin  former  were  defeated. 
37  m.  S.  E.  Francfort  on  the  Odeir,  17  E.  Crossen. 
Lon.  15"  45'  E.  Lat.  52"  8'  N.     Pop.  5,500. 

Zulpha,  t.  Persia,  in  Iralf,  on  thn  S.  side  of  the 
Zenderoud,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Ispahan. 
Zulpha,  or  Julfa,  t.  Persian  Armenia,  on  the 
Aras,  60  m.  N.  Tauris,  110  S.  E.  I'jivan. 

Zidpich,  or  Zulch,  t.  Prussian  States,  in  the 
province  of  Juliers-Cleves-Berg,  1{1  m.  S.  W.  Co- 
logn, 43  E.  Liege.     Lon  6°  34'  E.  Lftt.  50°  43'  N. 

Zultz,  or  Biala,  t.  Silesisi,  20  m.iS.  S.  W.  Op- 
peln,  14  E.  S.  E.  Neisse.     Pop.  1,40Q. 

Zximaia,  or  Cumaia,  t.  Spain,  ix\  Guipuscoa, 
near  the  coast  of  the  bay  of  Biscay,  14  m.  W.  Si. 
Sebastian.     Lon.  1°51'  W.  Lat.  43°  17'  N. 

Zxmg-gar,  t.  Tunis,  (an.  Zitchara.)  4^m.  S.  W, 
Tunis.  \ 


80B 


K  W  A 


Zurara,  t.  Portugtil,  in  En  tre  Ducro  e  Miuho, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Ave,  opposite  Villa  de  Conde. 

Zuric,  or  Zurich,  canton,  Iriwitzerlaiid,  bounded 
N.  by  Germany  anil  the  canton  of  Scaffhausen,  E. 
by  Thurgau,  S.  by  the  cantons  of  Schweitz  and 
Zug,  and  W.  by  Argovr.  This  canton  is  not  un- 
aptly called  an  epitome  of  all  Switzerland,  as  con- 
taining in  it  hills,  vallies,  pla  ins,  corn  lands,  vine- 
yards, lakes,  and  riivers.     Pop.  182,123. 

Zurich,  city,  Switzerland,  and  cap.  of  a  canton 
of  the  same  name,  iiituated  o  n  a  large  lake,  where 
the  river  Limmat,  is  discha  rged,  which  divides  it 
into  two  parts.  The  old  pa  rt  is  surrounded  with 
the  same  battlements  and  towers  Avhich  existed  in 
the  13th  century.  The  in!  labitants  carry  on  seve- 
ral manufactures ;  the  prii  icipal  are  those  of  lin- 
ens and  cottons,  maslins  and  silk  handkerchiefs. 
Pop.  10,353.  41  m.  S.  E.  Bale.  36"  S.  W.  Con- 
stance.    Lon.  8"  25;  E.  La  t.  47°  18'  N. 

Zurich,  lake,  Switzerla  nd,  in  a  canton  to  which 
it  gives  name,  22  m.  long,  and  2  wide. 

Zurzach,  t.  Switz<jrlan(  1,  on  the  Rhine,  chiefly 
celebrated  for  its  fai;ps,  25  m.  E.  Bale,  9  N.  Baden. 

Zuiphen,  city,  Netherlands,  in  Guelderland,  on 
the  river  Berckel,  which  passes  through  the  mid- 
dle of  it,  and  immediately  joins  the  Issel.  7  ra.  S. 
Deventer,  40  E.  Utrecht.  Pop.  6,878.  Lon.  6° 
5'  E.  Lat.  52°  10'  N. 

Zu/phen  Islands,  small  islands,  in  the  Straits  of 
Sunda.     Lon.  105°  4i!'  E .  Lat.  5°  50'  S. 

Zuyder-Zee,  or  Zuider-See,  a  great  gulf  or  bay 
of  the  German  Oceai  i,  w  hich  extends  from  south 
to  north,  in  the  Kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  be- 
tween Friesland,  Overi  ssel,  Guelderland,  and 
Holland. 

Zwammerdam,  or  Zimienburgerdam,  t.  Nether- 
lands, on  tlie  Rhine,  6  m.  N.  Gouda,  10  E.  S.  E. 
Leyden. 


Z  Y  P 

Zwartkops  Bay,  or  Algoa  Bay,  bay  on  the  S- 
coast  of  Africa,  where  ships  may  lie  in  five  fath- 
om water  a  mile  from  the  general  landing  place, 
500  m.  E.  from  the  Cape.  Lon.  of  the  landing- 
place,  26°  53'  E.  Lat.  33°  56'  S. 

Zwenckau,  t.  Saxony,  on  the  Elster,  5  m.  S, 
Leipsic,  18  E.  S.  E.  Merseburg.  Lon.  12°  18'  E. 
Lat.  51°  14'  N.     Pop.  1,400. 

Zwetl,  t.  Austria,  26  m.  W.  N.  W.  Crems,  56 
W.  N.  W.  Vienna.     Lon.  15°  7  E.  Lat.  48°  33'  N. 

Zwickau,  t.  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirg,  on  the  Mulda, 
with  a  citadel,  three  churches,  and  a  Latin  school, 
in  which  is  a  good  library,  38  m.  S.  S.  E.  Leipsic, 
40  S.  E.  Naumburg.  Lon.  12°  25'  E.  Lat.  50°  39' 
N.     Pop.  5,600. 

Zicingenberg,  t.  Hesse  Darmstadt,  on  the  Berg- 
strasse,  10  m.  S.  Darmstadt,  20  N.  Mauheim.  Pop. 
1,200. 

Zioitta,  or  Zwittawa,  t.  Moravia,  30  m.  N.  W. 
Olmutz,  84  E.  Prague.  Lon.  16°  16'  E.  Lat.  49** 
43'  N.     Pop.  2,740. 

Zwol,  or  Swol,  t.  Netherlands,  in  Overissel,  on 
the  river  Aa,  between  the  Issel  and  the  Vecht 
It  is  strong,  well  fortified,  and  surrounded  with  a 
double  ditch,  filled  with  the  waters  of  the  Aa.  Its 
situation  is  very  advantageous,  on  an  eminence 
which  commands  the  country,  and  is  the  ordinary 
passage  from  Holland  to  the  provinces  of  Friesland, 
Groningen,  and  Overissel.  28  m.  S.  VV.  Covor- 
den,  15  N.  Deventer.  Lon.  6°  1'  E.  Lat.  52°  32"  N- 
Pop.  12,220. 

Zn-ornick,  t.  Bosnia,  68  m.  S.  W.  Belgrade,  60 
E.  Serajo.  Lon.  18°  50'  E.  Lat.  44°  37'  N.  Pop. 
14,000. 

Zype,  isl.  of  North  Holland,  formed  by  canal? 
cut  from  the  Zuyder-Zee  to  the  German  Ocean., 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


Albion,  p-t.  Edwards  c  o.  Illinois,  40  m.  S.  W. 
V^incennes,  It  contained  in  1818,  about  50  hous- 
es, and  a  large  maiket  ho  use.  It  is  settled  entire- 
ly by  the  English. 

Amedabad,  city,  Hind,  on  the  river  Mehindry, 
which  is  navigab'ie  to  thn  gulf  of  Cambay,  108  m. 
N.  Surat,  200  S.  W,  Agi  mere.  It  was  anciently 
a  magnificent  cH.y,  and « jelebrated  for  its  vast  com- 
merce.   Lon.  7' r  40' E.  Lat.  23°  N. 

Aurungabad.     See  G  'hurka. 

Bardstown.     See  Ba  irdslovn. 

Bhagirutty.     See  H'oogly. 

Black  Sea.     See  Eu  vine  Sea. 

Burrampoot  tr,  or  L'-ramapootra,  r.  Asia,  which 
rises  in  Thibe*  i,  near  tl  le  source  of  the  Ganges,  and 
runs  east  thro  ugh  Th  ibet  almost  as  far  as  China. 
It  joins  the  G  ainges  at  out  40  miles  from  its  mouth, 
after  a  cours'  j  of  l,50»O  miles. 

CaTzonnici  if,  isl.  in  Narragansett  bay,  7  miles 
long  and  1  broad,  lying  west  of  the  island  of  R. 
Island. 

Chociaws  .  Instea  d  of  the  three  last  lines  of  this 
article,  rea  i,  "and  $1,000  a  year  is  allowed  to  the 
establishm.  jnt  at  Brainerd,  among  the  ChTok^p?. 
and  $1,00<  )to  that  .Mt  EU-'o* " ' 


Domingo,  St.     See  Hispaniola. 

Greitz.     See  Grailz. 

Guadiamar,  r.  Spain,  which  runs  into  the  Gua- 
dalquivir, a  few  leagues  below  Seville. 

Jackson,  p-t.  and  cap.  Feliciana  parish,  Louisi- 
ana, on  Thompson's  creek,  12  m.  W.  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. Its  public  buildings  are  a  large  court- 
house, jail,  and  academy.     Pop.  200. 

Narbudda.     See  JVerbudda. 
•    JVeiv  Hebrides.     See  Hebrides,  J^ew. 

Patterson,  New-Jersey.  A  letter  just  received 
states,  that  this  town  now  (1821)  contains  11  cot- 
ton mills,  3  flax  mills,  where  the  duck  for  the  U. 
S.  navy  is  manufactured,  a  mill  for  rolling  sheet 
iron,  a  nail  factory,  a  grist  mill,  and  saw  mill,  all 
on  two  canals  within  the  space  of  half  a  mile. 
The  mill  seats  are  only  4^  miles  from  tide  water, 
and  each  has  22  feethead  and  fall.  At  least  10 
more  mills  might  be  erected  with  similar  advan- 
tages of  water  power.  Patterson  still  forms  a  part 
of  the  township  of  Aquackanock.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and 
2  Dutch  reformed  churches.  Pop.  in  1820,  more 
thsn  1,700. 


^m 


APPENDIX, 


INDIANS. 

-Statistical  Table  of  all  the  Indians  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  east  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  the  names  of  the  several  tribes,  the  number  of  souls  in  each  tribe, 
and  the  places  of  their  residence. 

1 .  Indian  Tribes  East  of  the  Mississippi  River. 


Names  of  the  Tribes. 

No.  of 
souls. 

300 

"  «  f  St.  John's  Indians 

■g  }  Passamaquoddies 

150 

!^  i  Penobscots 

277 

1 

Marshpee 

320 

Q 

Herring  Pond 

40 

^ 

c  * 

*Martha's  Vineyard 

340 

< 
O 

J 

Troy 

50 

?.' 

|( 

i 

u 

^ 

;;|  <  Narragansett 

420 

» 

a 

t\ 

Connectu 

350 

Total  in  New  England 

2,247 

'*Montauk  Indians 

300 

Brotherton 

400 

•^ 

tStockbridge 

438 

tOneidas 

1,031 

tTuscaroras 

314 

^ 

Onondagas 

229 

Senecas    and    a    few ) 
Onondagas                 \ 

597 

55- 
O 

Senecas,  with  a  few  > 
Delawares                 \ 

389 

Senecas,  Cayugas,  .&  ) 

686 

Onondagas                 \ 

< 

Senecas  and  other  In-  ) 

456 

dians                          \ 

Total  in  New  York 

4,840 

'Wyandots 

364 

44 

Do! 

37 

Do. 

97 

Shawanees 

559 

Do. 

72 

Do. 

169 

Senecas 

348 

o 

Do. 

203 

s  ■ 

Delawares 

80 

o 

Mohawks 

57 

Ottawas 

107 

Do. 

64 

Do. 

56 

Do. 

150 

- 

Total  in  Ohio 

2,407 

Places  of  Residence. 


On  St.  John's  river,  Meductic  Point,  60  miles  above  FredericktoWa. 
Pleasant  Point,  town  of  Perry,  5  miles  N.  of  Eastport. 
Indian  Old  Town,  Penobscot  river,  12  miles  above  Banigor, 

78  miles  S.  E.from  Boston,  county  of  Barnstable. 
In  the  town  of  Sandwich,  14  miles  from  Marshpee. 
On  the  S.  coast  of  Massachusetts. 
50  miles  S.  from  Boston,  in  the  town  of  Troy. 


\t  Charlestown,  40  miles  S.  W.  of  Providence. 


At  Montville,  half  way  between  New  London  and  Norwich. 
In  the  township  of  Stonington,  S.  E.  corner  of  Connecticut. 


At  Montauk  Point,  E.  end  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y, 

At  Brotherton,  near  Oneida  lake. 

At  New  Stockbridge,  7  miles  S,  of  Oneida  castle. 

At  Oneida  castle,  near  Oneida  lake. 

Adjoining  New  Stockbridge. 

At  Onondaga  village,  near  Onondaga  lake. 

On  the  Alleghany  river. 

At  Cataragus. 

At  Buffalo,  3  miles  E.  of  lake  Erie. 

On  five  Reservations,  on  Genesee  river,  and  one  at  Oil  creek. 


Uppper  Sandusky,  on  Sandusky  river,  44  miles  S.  of  Sandusky  bay. 
Zanes,  Mad  river,  on  the  head  of  Mad  river.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 
Fort  Finley,  waters  of  the  Auglaize,  on  Hull's  road. 
Solomon's  Town,  on  the  waters  of  the  Great  Miami  river  of  Ohio. 
Wapaghkonetta,  head  of  the  Auglaize  river,  27  miles  N.  of  Piqua. 
Hog  creek,  waters  of  the  Auglaize,  10  miles  N.  of  Wapaghkonetta. 
Lewis  Town,  head  of  the  Miami  of  Ohio,  35  miles  N.  E.  of  Piqua. 
Seneca  Town,  Sandusky  river,  between  upper  &  lower  Sandusky. 
Lewis  Town,  head  of  the  Miami  of  Ohio,  35  miles  N.  E.  of  PiquEK 
[Jpper  Sandusky,  Sandusky  river. 
Honey  creek,  near  Upper  Sandusky,  Sandusky  river. 
i  Blanchard's  fork,  waters  of  the  Auglaize,  45  miles  N.  of  W9- 
(      paghkonetta. 

\  Little  Auglaize,  waters  of  the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  12  miles  W, 
I      of  Fort  Defiance. 

Rock  de  Boeuf,  near  the  foot  of  the  rapids  of  the  Miami  of  lake  Erie. 
Not  stationary,  about  Miami  bay,  and  on  the  S.  shore  of  lake  Erie. 


*  The  numbers  in  these  tribes  are  conjectural,  no  particular  account  of  them  having  bpen  receive^. 
t  These  tribes  live  within  the  limits  of  the  original  Oneida  Reservation. 

102 


810 


APPENDIX— INDIANS. 


Names  of  the  Tribes. 


'Wyandots 
Pottawattamies 

Chippawas 

♦Ottawas 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

*Do. 

*Do. 

*Do. 

Chippewas  or  Soteux 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Chippcwai  Qr  Soteaux 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do, 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Sioux 

Petit  Corbeau 

Chippewas  and  Ottawas 

McDomiuees  or  Foile-  > 
savoiaes  S 


Winnebagoes 

Total  in  Michigan  and  i 
N.  W.  Territories    ' 


No.  of 
souls. 


5,1 

476 

1,020 

57 

187 

40 

160 

760 
27 
26 
45 
45 

156 

200 

75 

45 

60 
100 

280 
660 
360 
375 

263 

60 
1,600 

120 


1,020 
689 

1,182 

60 

1,600 

3,900 


Places  of  Residence. 


On  Huron  river,  30  miles  from  Detroit,  Michigan  Territory. 
On  Huron  river  and  vicinity,  Michigan  Territory. 

On  Saganau  bay,  river,  and  vicinity,  Michigan  Territory,  S. 

shore  of  lake  Huron. 
Calamazar,  or  Kekalemago  river,  E.  of  Michigan  lake,  140 
miles  N.  E.  from  Chicago,  240  S.  from  Mackinaw,  Mich.  T. 
Grand  river,  30  miles  from  Calamazar,  Mich.  T. 
j  Mastige,  on  Maskegro  river,  12  miles  N.  from  Grand  river. 
I      in  Mich.  T. 

White  river,  6  miles  from  Grand  river,  Mich.  T. 
(  Dead  Man's  creek,  30  miles  from  Grand  river,  170  from  Mack- 
l      inaw,  Mich.  T. 

Black  river,  N.  E.  of  St.  Joseph's  river,  S.  E.  Mich.  lake. 
L'Arbre  Croche,  36  m.  S.  W,  of  Mackinaw,  Mich.  T. 
Vlinistick  river,  S.  of  L'Arbre  Croche. 
Shabouagan,  21  miles  S.  from  Mackinaw,  Mich.  T. 
Labaide  Roches,  Mich.  T. 
Manisty,  80  miles  S.  from  Mackinaw,  Mich.  T. 

<  From  Mackinaw,  N.  W.  to  the  Saut  of  St.  Mary's.  Hunters,  not 
I      stationary,  Mich.  T. 

<  St.  Mary's,"  80  miles  N.  W.  from  Mackinaw.  Hunters ;  fish  at 
\     falls  in  summer.     Mich.  T. 

5  Grand  Isles,  S.  side  of  lake  Superior,  210  miles  from  Macki- 

l      naw,  N.  W.  T. 

i  Baigne,  or  Pancake  point,  S.  side  of  lake  Superior,  300  miles 

I      W.  Mackinaw. 

Mouth  of  Ontanagon  river,  near  the  famous  copper  mines. 
W.  of  Sandy  point. 

{  Follevoine,  500  miles  W.  of  IMackinaw,  rove  in  hunting  season, 

I      winter — summer  at  home — gather  much  wild  rice.    N.W.  T. 

(  Flambeaux  lake,  480  miles  VV.  of  Mackinaw.     Hunt  in  winter. 

(      make  corn,  gather  rice,  and  fish  in  summer.     N.  W.  T. 

<  Courtereille  lake,  492  m.  W.  of  Mackinaw,  hunt  in  winter, 
)  gather  rice,  and  fish  on  lalie,  in  summer  and  autumn.  N.W.  T. 
S  Fond  du  Lac,  581  W.  of  Mackinaw.  They  have  no  fixed  resi- 
\  dence,  country  poor,  hunt  in  winter,  fish  in  summer,  N.  W.  T. 
C  Sandy  lake,  649  miles  W.  of  Mackinaw.     Gather  rice,  make  a 

<  little  sugar,  hunt  in  winter,  stay  at  home  two  monthe  in  sum- 
(     mer.    N.  W.  T. 

On  Rice  lake,  25  miles  S.  Sandy  lake. 

'  Leech  lake,  799  miles  W.  of  Mackinaw.  Hunters,  at  home  in 
summer,  gather  rice,  and  make  much  sugar.  N.  W.  T. 
Round  lake,  845  miles  W.  of  Mackinaw.  Hunters,  make  much 
sugar,  and  gather  rice,  dwell  near  the  N.  boundary  of  the 
United  States.  N.  W.  T. 
Red  Cedar  lake,  1,030  miles  W.  of  Mackinaw.  Hunters,  use 
horses,  kill  bufl["alo,  make  sugar,  fish  in  summer,  are  near  the 
N.  boundary  of  United  States,  and  frequent  Red  river  settle- 
ment.    N.  W.  T. 

Red  lake,  do.  do.     N.  W.  T. 

On  St.  Croix  and  Chippeway  rivers,  in  two  villages. 

'  At  the  mouth  of  St.  Croix  river.     There  are  two  villages  of 
these  Indians,  between  Prairie  du  Chien  and  St.  Peters. 

Grand  Morais,  15  mUes  below  the  mouth  of  St.  Peter's  river. 
In  villages  scattered  from  the  S.  side  of  lake  Superior,  along  the 

W.  side  of  Green  bay  and  Michigan  lake  to  Chicago. 
On  the  W.  side  Green  bay,  on  Menomine  river,  but  chiefly  on 
Fox  river  and  Winnebago  lake,  a  few  are  scattered  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  Upper  and  Lower  Mississippi,  and  at.MiJlwackey, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  lake  Michigan.  Hunt  in  winter,  make 
sugar  and  gather  rice  in  summer.     N.  W.  T. 

On  Winnebago  lake,  Rock,  Fox,  and  Ouisconsin  rivers.    N.  W.  T 


♦  Those  with  this  mark  are  a  mixture  of  Chippewas  Ottawas,  and  Winnebagoes, 


APPENDIX— INDIANS. 


811 


Names  of  the  Tribes. 

No.  of 
souls 

'Delawares,   Munsees,  3 

Moheakunnucks,  &  \ 

1,700 

Nanticokes                 ) 

Pottawattamies 

2,000 

Chippewas 

500 

Menominees 

270 

< 

*Feorias,  Kaskaskias,  ) 
and  Cahokias.           ^ 

36 

5 
j5 

Kickapoos 

400 

Q 

Miamies 

839 

z  ■ 

Eel  River  Indians 

213 

< 

VVeas 

122 

CO 

Pottawattamies 

1,442 

1 
J 

Sacs 

3,400 

Foxes 

1,800 

loways 

1,000 

Kickapoos 

1,800 

Total  in  Illinois  and  ) 
Indiana                   \ 



15,522 

"Nottoways 

27 

Pamunkies,  Mattaponies 

a  few 

Catawbas 

450 

rr 

5>; 

Palaches 

^ 

Eamuses 

B 

Kaloosas 

£ 

^ 

S 

3  \  Mikasukeys 

l,40o 

id 

^  1  Fowl  Towns 

300 

H 

i<  f  Oka-tiokinans 

580 

O 

1  \  Uchees 

130 

a 

l2  f 

9 

Ehawho-ka-les 

150 

Cfl 

Ocheeses 

220 

^ 

Tamatles 

220 

M  ■ 

o 

Attapulgas 

220 

y 

S 

Telmocresscs 

100 

K 

Cheskitalowas 

580 

H 

Wekivas 

250 

£?: 

Emusses 

20 

o 

Ufallahs 

670 

tn 

Red  grounds 

100 

^: 

Eto-lmsse-wakkes 

100 

Tatto-whe-hallys 

130 

2j 

Tallehassas 

15 

Owassissas 

100 

Z 

Chehaws 

670 

fc! 

Talle-whc-anas 

210 

s 

Oakmulges 

220 

5h 

Cherokocs 

11,000 

0 

Creeks(inclu.Seminoles) 

20,000 

Choctaws 

'25,000 

Chickasaws, 

Total  Southern  Indians  } 

3,625 

60,102 

.E.c 

)f  Misssisiippi  river  ^ 

Places  of  Residence. 


On  White  river,  Indiana,  in  5  villages,  in  a  compass  of  36  miles. 

J  Scattered  in  5  villages  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago,  within  80 
I      miles,  around  the  southern  part  of  Michigan  lake. 

In  several  villaiges  among  the  Potawattamies. 

On  Illinois  river. 

Once  inhabited  a  large  part  of  Illinois  and  Indiana. 

On  the  head  waters  of  an  eastern  branch  of  Illinois  river,  near 
the  centre  of  the  state  of  Illinois.  They  have  sold  their  lands 
and  are  about  to  remove  beyond  the  Mississippi. 

On  Mississinua  and  Eel  rivers,  branches  of  the  Wabash,  4  villages. 

On  Eel  river. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  above. 

On  Rocky  river,  4  miles  E.  of  Mississippi,  400  miles  above  St. 

Louis.     In  2  divisions. 
In  3  divisions,  1st.  near  Fort  Armstrong,  4  miles  from  the  Sacs ; 
2d.  30  miles  above,  at  Mine  la  Buke,  on  W.  side  of  Missis- 
sippi ;  3d.  3  miles  below  Prairie  du  Chien. 
elow  the  Sacs,  on  loway  and  Lamoine  rivers. 
<  Some  on  Osage  river,  with  the  Sacs,  and  the  remainder  intend 
\      to  remove  to  the  Osage  river. 


(  111  Southampton  co.  N.  E.  corner  of  Virginia,  on  W.  side  oi 

1  Nottoway  river,  2  miles  from  Jerusalem. 

(  On  Catawba  river,  on  the  boundary  line  between  North  and 
I      South  Carolina. 

f  These  ancien,t  possessors  of  this  country  were  dispossessed  by 
y  the  vagabond  Seminoles,  some  time  aifter  the  first  settlement 
j  made  in  this  country  by  the  Spaniards.  None  of  their  de- 
(      scendants  now  remain  in  the  country, 

<  30  miles  N.  N.  E.  from  Fort  St.  Mark,  on  a  pond,  14  miles  lonff, 
(      2  or  3  wide — land  fertile,  and  of  beautiful  aspect, 

1 2  miles  E.  Fort  Scott— land  tolerable. 

.Vear  Fort  Gaines. 

Near  the  Mikasukeys. 

On  Appalachicola,  12  miles  below  Ocheese  bluff. 

At  the  bluff  of  their  name. 

7  miles  above  the  Ocheeses. 

(  On  Little  river,  a  branch  of  Okalokina,  15  miles  above  the  Mi- 

(      kasukey  path,  from  Fort  Gadsden — fine  body  of  lands. 

W.  side  of  Chatahoochee,  15  miles  above  the  fork — good  land. 

On  the  W.  side  of  Chatalioochee,  2  miles  above  the  line. 

4  miles  above  the  Cheskitalowas. 

2  miles  above  the  Wekivas. 
12  miles  above  Fort  Gaines. 

2  miles  above  the  line. 

3  miles  above  Fort  Gaines. 
Scattered  among  other  towns — dishonest. 
On  the  road  from  Okalokina  to  Mikasukey. 
On  the  eastern  waters  of  St.  Mark's  river. 
On  Flint  river,  in  the  fork  of  Makulley  creek. 
E.  side  of  Flint  river,  not  far  from  the  Chehaws. 
E.  of  Flint  river,  near  the  Tallewheanas. 

N.  E.  corner  of  Alabama,  N.  W.  corner  of  Georgia,  and  S.E. 
corner  of  Tennessee. 
Western  part  of  Georgia,  and  Eastern  part  of  Alabama. 
Eastern  parts  of  Mississippi,  and  Western  part  of  Alabama. 
Mississippi  and  Tennessee. 


*  In  the  war  kindled  against  these  tribes  by  the  Sauks  and  Foxes,  in  revenge  for  the  death  of  their 
chief,  Pontiac,  these  3  tribes  were  nearly  exterminated.  Few  of  them  now  remain.  About  100  of  the 
Peorias  are  settled  on  Current  river,  W.  of  the  Mississippi.    Of  the  Kaskaskias,  36  only  remain  in  Illinois. 


m$ 


APPENDIX— INDfANy. 


2.  Indians  West  of  the  Mississippi,  and  South  of  the  Missouri. 


Names  of  the  Tribes. 


Arrapahays 

Pawnees  and  Missouries 
Pawnee  Nation 

Do.     Republican 
Pawnees  Loups 

Pawnees  4th  Band 
Kaninavisch 

Staitan  or  Kite  Indians 

Wetapahato  or  Kiawa 

Castahana 

Cataka 

Dotami 

Cherokees 

Shawanees 
Delawares 
Piankashaws 
Peorias 

Quapaws 

Ottowas  and  Missouries 

Mahas 

Pancaes 

Chians  or  Chayennes 

Ricaries 

Mandans 

Minituries 

Sioux 

Roving  Bands 

Kanzas 

Great  Osage 

Little  Osage 

Wate-pana-toes  and  ) 
Ryuwas  I 

Padoncas 

Kanne-na-wish 

Pasta-now-nas 

Ayutans  or  Camarsches 

Blue  Mud  and  Long  ) 

Hair'd  Indians  \ 

j  Total  between  theMis-  ) 

1      souri  and  Red  rivers  > 

\_    W.ofthe  Mississippi } 


No.  of 
souls. 


10,000 

1,000 
2,500 
1,250 
1,400 

2,000 

2,000 

500 

1,000 

1,500 

375 

200 

6,000 

1,383 

207 
97 

700 

1,400 
2,000 
500 
2,000 
3,000 
1,500 
3,500 
10,000 

20,000 

1,800 
4,200 
h 
900 


Places  of  Residence. 


1,000 

5, 

1,500 


OOOA 


Their  territory  extends  from  the  head  waters  of  the  Kansas, 
a  southern  branch  of  the  Missouri,  S.  to  the  Rio  del  Norte. 
S.  side  of  Platte  river,  30  miles  from  its  mouth. 
45  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Platte  river,  S.  side. 
United  with  the  Pawnee  nation. 

On  the  Wolf  fork  of  the  Platte,  90  miles  from  the  Pawnee  Nation. 
On  Red  river.     All  these  tribes  live  in  villages,  raise  corn, 

and  hunt  the  buffalo. 
Beyond  the  Pawnees,  have  no  abiding  place,  but  rove  through 

the  plains. 
Wander  and  hunt  on  the  sources  of  the  Platte  river,  thence 
to  the  Rocky  mountains. 
Next  to  the  above. 

(  Supposed  to  be  remnants  of  the  Great  Padouca  Nations,  now 
<      under  that  name  extinct,  who  occupied  the  country  between 
(      the  upper  parts  of  the  river  Platte,  and  the  river  Kanzas. 
On  the  Arkansaw,  on  both  sides,  from  Point  Renou,  (400  miles 
up  the  river,)  to  the  Big  Mulberry,  to  the  Ossage  line,  the 
best  tract  of  land  on  the  Arkansaw. 
Cape  Girardeau,  and  Merimac  river,  and  Fourchc  a  Couvtois. 
On  Current  river. 
On  St.  Francis  river. 
On  Current  river. 

On  the  S.  bank  of  the  Arkansaw,  260  miles  below  the  Chero- 
kees, (about  140  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansaw.) 
They  have  4  villages. 
On  the  Missouri  and  Platte  rivers. 
On  the  Missouri,  about  the  Council  Bluffs. 

Do.        above  the  Mahas. 
Wandering  tribe  on  the  head  of  Chiann  river,  S.  of  the  Missouri. 
On  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  above  the  Chiann  river. 

>  On  the  banks  of  Missouri,  1,500  miles  from  its  mouth. 

On  Missouri,  between  Council  Bluffs  and  Mandans. 

On  the  waters  of  the  Missouri,  high  up,  including  the  Black- 
feet,  Assinaboins,  Crow  bands,  and  others,  within  the  present 
extensive  bounds  of  Missouri  Territory. 
On  Mississippi  and  Kansas  rivers. 

Head  waters  of  Osage  river,  and  waters  of  the  Arkansaw. 
Do.  do. 

On  the  Padoncas  fork. 

On  the  Padoncas. 
wandering  people  on  the  heads  of  Yellow  Stone  river. 


,000  S 


3,000 


105,021 


Between  the  Padoncas  fork  and  the  Platte. 
W.  of  the  Missouri. 


Supposed  to  reside  somewhere  on  the  heads  of  the  Columbia. 


APPENDIX— INDIANS. 


8ia 


3.  Indians  West  of  ike  Mississippi,  and  Korth  of  the  Missouri. 


Names  of  the  Tribes. 


No.  of 
souls. 


Sioux  or  Dacorta  Indian! 
1st.  The  Yonktons 
2d.  Tetons  of  the  ) 

burnt  woods  \ 

3d.    Tetons  Okandanda* 
4th.  Tetons  Minnake-  > 
nozzo  5 

5th.  Tetons  Saone 

6th.  Yanktons  of  the  ) 
Plains,  or  Big  Devils  5 

7th.  Wahpatone 

8th.  Mindawar  Carton 
or  proper  Sioux,  or 
Dacorta  Indians 

Wahpatoota   or   Leaf ) 
Beds  5 

Sistasoone 

Kristineaux,  called  for 
the  sake  of  brevity, 
Crees, 

Assiniboins, 

Algonquins, 

Mandans, 

Rapid  Indians, 

Blood  Indians, 

Sursees, 

Coutouns, 

Paunch  Indians 

Gros  Ventres  of  the 
Prairie. 


1,000 
1,500 

600 

1,000 

1,500 

2,500 

1,000 

11,000 

750 
1,000 


15,000 


2,500 
2,000 

41,350 


Places  of  Residence. 


On  the  Sioux,  Des  Moines ,  and  Jaques  rivers. 
Do.  as  above. 
This  tribe  rove  on  both  sides  of  the  Missouri,  White  and  Teton 

rivers. 
This  tribe  inhabit  both  sides  of  the  Missouri,  below  Chayenne 
river. 

Inhabiting  both  sides  of  the  Missouri,  above  the  Chayenne  river. 

This  tribe  inhabit  both  sides  of  the  Missouri,  below  the  War- 
renconne  river. 

Rove  on  the  heads  of  the  Sioux,  Jaques,  and  Red  rivers, 

A  nation  residing  on  the  St.  Peters,  just  above  the  mouth  of 

that  river. 
These  possess  the  original  seat  of  the  Sioux,  and  are  properly 

so  denominated.     They  rove  on  both  sides  of  the  Mississippi, 

and  about  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
This  nation  inhabits  both  sides  of  the  river  St.  Peters,  below 

Yellow  Wood  river. 
This  tribe  reside  at  the  head  of  the  St.  Peters'  river. 

f  These  tribes,  says  Mr.  Harmon,  (who  resided  among  them  six 
years,  from  1800  to  1806,)  dwell  in  a  plain  or  prairie  coun- 
try, between  the  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Red,  and  Se  se  satch- 
wine  rivers,  extending  W.  to  the  Rocky  mountains,  spread- 
ing from  lat.  44°  to  51°  N.  The  climate  is  similar  to  that  of 
Lower  Canada.  Generally,  throughout  this  tract  of  coun- 
try, the  soil  is  good ;  it  has  very  little  timber.  Some  of  the 
prairies  are  lOiO  miles  in  length,  on  which  not  even  a  shrub 
is  to  be  s^en. 

N,  E.  of  Missouri  river,  n^ar  its  head. 

Do.  Do. 


sw 


4.  Indians  West  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 


The  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  has  been  very  imperfectly  explored,  and  our  knowledo-e 
its  inhabitants  is  very  limited,  but  the  numbpr  of  Indians  may  be  estimated  in  round  numbers 
140,000. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Indians  in  New  England,        -         .         .        .        .        ^  2,247 

in  New  York, 4,840 

in  Ohio, 2,407 

in  Michigan  and  North-West  Territories,        -        -  27,480 

in  Illinois  and  Indiana,         -        -        -        -        _  15,522 

in  the  Southern  States,  East  of  the  Mississippi,          -  60,102 

West  of  the  Mississippi,  and  South  of  the  Missouri,  105,021 

West  of  the  Mississippi  and  North  of  the  Missouri,  41,350 

Total  East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  round  numbers,  260,000 

Total  West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,        -            -  140,000 

Total  in  the  United  States,  about  400,000 


m 


APPENDIX.— MONEY  TABLE. 


MONEY  TABLE, 

Containing  the  Moneys  of  the  principal  commercial  countries  in  the  world,  with  the 
value  of  each  in  cents,  and  the  fractional  parts  of  cents  in  decimals. 

Note. — An  Asterisk  is  annexed  to  imaginary  money,  or  money  of  account,  not  represented  by  a  real  coin. 

trWITED   STATES. 

An  Eagle  is  equal  to  10  dols.     247  1-2  gr.  fine  gold 
A  half  eagle        -       5  dols.     123  6-8    do. 
A  quarter  eagle    -     2  1-2  dols.  61  7-8    do. 
A  dollar         -         100  cents,  371  4-16  gr.pr.silv. 
A  half  dollar      -       50  cente,  185  10-16     do. 
A  quarter  dollar        25  cents,     92  13-16    do. 
A  dime  -  10  cents,     37  2-16       do. 

A  cent        -         -  11  dwt.  copper 

A  mill*  the  tenth  of  a  cent,  and  the  thousandth  of 
a  dollar. 


GREAT  BRITAIW. 

Sterling  value  reduced  to  Cents  and  Decimals. 
Sterling.  Cents.  Dec. 

1  farthing        -        -        .      equal  to    00  4627 

2  farthings 00  9355 

3  farthings        -        .        -        .        .    01  3882 

4  farthings,  or  a  penny  -        -        -        01  851 

2  pence  -        -        -        -        -  -    03  702 

3  pence 05  552 

4  pence,  a  groat        -        -        -  .    07  404 

5  pence 09  255 

6  pence  -        -        -        -        -  -    11  106 

7  pence 12  957 

8  pence 14  808 

9  pence 16  659 

10  pence 18    51 

11  pence 20  361 

12  pence,  or  1  shilling  -  -  -  22  222 
A  crown,  or  5  shillings  -  -  -  111  16 
*  A  pound,  or  20  shillings  -  -  -  444  444 
A  guinea,  or  21  shillings     -        -        -    466  666 

Irish  money  is  less  in  value  by  one  thirteenth — 
a  shilling  sterling  being  13  pence  Irish — a  pound 
Irish  is  18s.  5d.  1-2  sterling — and  an  English  guin- 
ea, 22s.  9d.  Irish. 


HOLLAND. 

Amsterdam,  Rotterdam,  &c. 


Cents.  Dec. 


A  penning*     is        -        - 
A  grote*  -        8  pennings 

A  stiver  -        2  grotes 

A  guilder  or  florin  20  stivers 
A  rix-doUar  -  50  stivers 
A  pound  flemish*      6  guilders 

GERMANY. 

Hambursh. 


equal  to 


00 
00 

38 

97 

233 


33 


A  pfening         is 

A  schilling  lub  -  12  pfenings 

A  mark             -  16  schillings 

A  rix  dollar      -  3  marks 

A  pound  flemish  120  schillings 


Cents.  Dec. 
equal  to    00     18 
02  083 
33  333 
100 


250 


Leipsic,  Berlin,  fee. 

Ce7its.  Dec. 
A  heller         is        -        -  equal  to    00  135 

A  pfening        -        2  hellers  27 

A  grosche       -      12  pfenings  3    24 


Cents.  Dec. 

A  rix  dollar*  -      24  groschen 

77     76 

A  specie  dollar      32  groschen 

103      7 

Vienna,  Frankfort,  Augsburg, 

&c. 

Cents.  Dec. 

Apfenmg        is        -         -          equa 

to    00  215 

A  creutzer      -        4  pfenings 

GO    86 

A  batze            -        4  creutzers 

03    44 

A  florin        .    -      60  creutzers 

51     85 

A  rix  dollar*  -       90  creutzers 

77     76 

PRCSSIA. 

Dantzic. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  grosche        is        -        -          equal 

to    00  861 

A  norm  or  gulden    30  groschen 

25     92 

A  rix  dollar*  -           3  florins 

77     76 

A  Frederic  D'or        5  rix  dollars 

388      8 

DENMARK. 

Copenhagen,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  skiUing        is        -        -          equal 

to       1     04 

A  mark*          -         16  skillings 

16    66 

A  nx  mark       -        20  skillings 

20    83 

A  nx  dollar     -          6  marks 

100 

SWEDEN. 

Stockholm,  Upsal,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  copper  mark  is        -        -       equal  to  2  88 

A  copper  dollar          4  copper  marks  11  52 

A  silver  dollar   -        3  copper  dollars  34  56 

A  rix  dollar        -      48  skillings  103  7 


A  copeck 
An  altine 
A  griven 
A  paetalten 
A  polupolten 
A  polten 
A  rouble 


3  copecks 
10  copecks 
15  copecks 
25  copecks 
50  copecks 
100  copecks 


CcTits.  Dec. 

equal  to    01 

3 

10 

15 

25 

50 

100 


FRANCE. 

Old  coi7is  and  denominations. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  denier  is        -        -  equal  to    00    07 

A  sol  or  sou      -         12  deniers 
A  livre  -        20  sols 

An  ecu  of  exchange  3  livres 
An  ecu  or  crown  6  livres 
A  pistole*  -  10  livres 
A  louis  d'or      -        24  livres 


J^evj  coins  and  denominations. 


A  centim 
A  decim 
A  franc 
80  francs 


10  centims 
10  decims 
81  livres 


025 

18  517 

55 

110 

185 

17 

444  44 

00 

187 

1 

874 

18  741 

APPENDIX.— MONEY  TABLE. 


815 


PORTUGAL. 

Lisbon,  Oporto,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  ree  is        -        -         equal  to    00  125 

A  vintin  -        20  rees  2      5 

Atestoon  -       100  rees  13      5 

An  old  crusade  -      400  rees  50 

A  new  crusade  -      480  rees  60 

A  milree*         -     1000  reee  125 

A  moidore        -        48  testoons  600 

Ajoanese  -        64  testoons  800 


SPAIN. 

Madrid,  Cadiz,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  nvaravedi    is  -        -      equal  to    00      3 

A  real  -  34  maravedis  10 

A  pistarine      -  2  reals  20 

A  dollar  -  10  reals  100 

A  dollar  of  plate  8  reals  80 

A  ducat  of  exchange*  375  maravedis  110     18 

A  pistole  of  exchange    4  dollars  of  plate  320 

N.  B.  Vellon,  the  current  money  of  Spain,  is  to 
old  plate  as  17  to  32 ;  that  is, 

32  reals  or  maravedis  vellon ; 


(17  reals  or  mara- 

(  vedis  of  old  plate. 


Genoa,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  denari  is        -        -         equal  to    00    06 

A  soldo  -         12  denari  00      8 

A  lira*  -        20  soldi  15    92 

Apezzaofex.  -        5|  lire  92      6 

Turin,  Szc. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  denari  is        -        -         equal  to  115 

A  soldo  -         12  denari  1  388 

A  lira  -        20  soldi  27     77 

Leghorn,  Florence,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  denari  is        -         -         equal  to    00  064 

A  soldo  -         12  denari  78 

A  lira*  -        20  soldi  15     43 

A  piaster  of  ex.  6  lire  92      6 

A  ducat  -        7i  lire  115      7 

A  pistole  -        22  lire  339      5 

Rome. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  quattrino  is  -  -  equaj  to  00  28 
A  bajocco  -  5  quattrini  1       4 

A  Julio  -  8  bajocchi  11     11 

A  testoon  -        24  bajocchi  33    33 


A  crown  current        10  julios 
A  crown  stamped*     12  julios 


111     11 

133    33 


J^aples. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  grain  is        -        -         equal  to    00      7 

A  carlin  -         10  grains  07      4 

A  ducat  of  ex.   -      100  grains  74    07 

Kenice. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  piccoli  is        -        -        equal  to    00  051 

A  soldo  -        12  piccole  00  617 


A  lira  -        20  soldi 

A  ducat  current       124  soldi 
A  ducat  effective      156  soldi 


Qsnts.  Dec. 
12  35 
76  85 
96    28 


ARABIA. 

Mecca,  Mocha,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  caveer  is        -         -        equal  to       1     26 

A  comashee      -  7  carrets  1     61 

Alarin  -        80  carrets  18    74 

A  piaster*         -        60  comashees  100 

A  sequin  -       100  comashees  166    66 

A  tomond*        -        80  larins  1500 


PERSIA. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  coz 

is 

equal 

to    00    74 

A  larin 

_ 

25  coz 

18    51 

An  abashee 

. 

40  coz 

29     62 

An  or 

_ 

5  abashees 

148     13 

A  tomond* 

" 

50  abashees 

1481       5 

INDIA. 

Bombay,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  pice 

is 

equal 

to    00    62 

A  laree 

- 

16  pices 

10 

A  quarter 

- 

20  pices 

12      5 

A  rupee 

- 

4  quarters 

50 

A  pagoda 

- 

14  quarters 

175 

A  gold  rupee 

60  quarters 
Calcutta,  &c. 

750 
Cents.  Dec, 

A  pice 

is 

equa] 

to    00    29 

An  ana 

- 

12  pices 

3    47 

A  rupee 

. 

16  anas 

55 

A  pagoda 

■ 

56  anas 

194      3 

CHINA. 

Cents.  Dec. 

A  candareen 

is 

equal  to    00  148 

A  mace 

- 

10    candareens 

14      8 

A  rupee 

- 

37i  candareens 

55 

A  talc 

- 

10    maces 

148  12 

AFRICA. 

Cairo,  Alexandria,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec, 
An  asper  is         -         -         equal  to    01  02« 

A  piastre  -         80  aspers  88    88 

A  sultanin         -      200  aspers  222    22 

A  pargo  dollar  -      210  aspers  233    33 


An  aspcr 
A  medin 
A  sequin 
A  pistole 


Algiers.,  Tunis,  Tripoli,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 


3  aspers 
180  aspers 
300  aspers 


equal  to    01  028 
Oi3  088 
196      3 
373 


Fee,  Tangier!,  &c. 

Cents.  Dec. 
A  blanquil  is  -  -  equal  to  03  7 
A  quarto  -         14  blanquils  51       t' 

A  sequin  -        56  blanquils  200 

A  pirtole  -       100  blanquils  373 


m§ 


APPENDIX.— MEASURES. 


MEASURES. 


Table  I.    Scripture  Long  Measures. 


A  digit        -       - 
A  palm  =  4  digits 
A  span  =  3  palms 
A  cubit  =  2  spans 
A  fathom  =  4  cubits 
Ezekiel's  rod 
Arabian  pole     -      - 
Scoenus  or  measuring  line 


Eng.feet. 

0 

-      0 

0 

1 

-       7 

10 

-       14 

145 


inch.  dec. 
0.912 
3.648 

10.944 
9.888 
3.352 

11.328 
7.104 
1.104 


T  ABL£  II.     Grecian  long  measures  reduced  to  Ens- 
lish.  ^ 


A  digit 

A  doron=  4  digits 

A  lichas 

An  orthodoron 

A  spithame 

A  pous 

A  pygme 

A  pygon        -      - 

A  pecus 

A  pace  or  orgya 

A  stadium, 

A  mile 


Eng,  yds. 

0 
-       0 

0 

0 
-     0 

-  0 
0 

-  0 
0 
0 

201 
1612 


feet. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 
1 
1 


inch.  dec. 
0.7554 
3.0218 
7.5546 
8.3101 
9.0656 
0.0875 
1.5984 
3.1094 
6.1312 
0.525 
7.78 
2.24 


The  stadium  was  of  different  lengths  in  differ- 
ent places. 

Table  III.    Jewish  Long  or  Itinerary  measures. 
Eng.  miles,  paces,  feet.  dec. 


A  cubit 

A  stadium 

A  Sab.  day's  journey 

Eastern  mile 

Parasang 

A  day's  journey 


0 
145 

729 
403 
153 
172 


1.824 

4.6 

3.0 

1.0 

3.0 

4.0 


Table  IV.    Roman  long  measures  reduced  to  Eng- 
lish. 


Digitus  transversus 

Uncia  or  inch 

Palma  minor    - 

Pes  or  foot 

Palmipes 

Cubitus 

Gradus 

Passus     - 

Stadium 

Milliare 


Eng.  paces. 
-      0 
0 
-       -    0 

-  0 

-  0 
0 

-  0 

-  0 
120 

-     967 


feet. 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 


i7ich.  dec. 
0.725 
0.967 
2.901 

11.604 
2.503 
5.406 
5.01 

10.02 
4.5 


Table  V.  Proportions  of  the  long  Measures  of 
several  nations  to  the  English  Foot,  taken  from 
Messrs.  Greaves,  Auzout,  Picard,  and  Eisens- 
chmid. 

The  English  standard  foot  being  divided  into 
1000  equal  parts,  the  other  measures  will  have  the 
proportions  to  it  which  follow  : 

Feet.  Inches. 
English  foot  -  .  -  looo  12 
Paris  fo©t  .  -  .  .  io68  12.816 
Venetian  foot  -  -  -  -  1162  13.944 
Rhinliand  foot  .  -  -  1033  12.396 
Strasburg  foot  -        -        -      952        11,424 

Norimberg  foot  ...  1000        12 

X>antzicfoot  -        -        .        944        11.328 

Danish  foot        ....  1042        12.504 
^wediihfoot  ...         977^      11.733 


Derahor  cubit  of  Cairo     . 
Persian  arish    -  -  _ 

Great  Turkish  pike 
Lesser  Turkish  pike  - 
Braccio  at  Florence 
Bracciofor  woolen  at  Sienna     - 
Braccio  for  linen  at  Sienna    - 
Canna  at  Naples 
Vera  at  Alraeria  and  Gibraltar 
Palmo  di  Archtetti  at  Rome 
f^anna  di  Archtetti 
Palmo  di  bracchio  di  mercantia 
Genoa  palm        .        .        - 
Bolognian  foot        ... 
Antwerp  ell       -  -       .         . 

Amsterdam  ell       -        .       - 
Leyden  ell       -         .         .        - 
Paris  draper's  ell 
Paris  mercer's  ell     - 


Feet. 

Inch- 

1824 

21.888 

3197 

38.364 

2200 

26.4 

2131 

25.572 

1913 

22,956 

1242 

14.904 

1974 

23.688 

6880 

82.56 

2760 

33.12 

7320 

87.84 

7320 

87.84 

695i 

8.346 

815 

9.78 

1250 

15 

2283 

27.396 

2268 

27.216 

2260 

27.12 

3929 

47.148 

3937 

47.244 

Table  VI.    Mtic  Dry  measures  reduced  to  Eng- 
lish. 

Pecks.  Gall.  Pts.  Sol  inch. 

•      0        0        0  0.276 

-   0 

0 


Cochliarion 

Cyathus 

Oxybaphon 

Cotylus 

Xestes 

Choenix    - 

Medimnus 

Table  VII. 


2.763 
4.144 
16.579 
33.158 
15.705 
3.501 


./Ittic  reduced  to  English  wine  meas- 
ures. 


A  Cochliarion 
A  Cheme 
A  Myston 
A  Concha 
A  Cyathus 
An  Oxybathon 
A  Cotylus 
An  Xestes     - 
A  Chous 


Gall. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

.  0 
0 

-   0 


Pts. 


A  Metretes,  or  amphora      10 


Sol.  Inch. 
0.0356 
0.712 
0.0892 
0.1785 
0.3565 
0.5354 
2.1415 
4.2830 
25.698 
19.626 


Table  VIII. 


Roman  reduced  to  English  wine 
measure. 


A  ligula 

A  cyathus 

An  acetabulum 

A  quartarius    - 

A  hemina    - 

A  sextarius    - 

A  congius 

An  urna 

An  amphora    - 

A  culeus    - 


Galls. 

0 
-    0 

0 
.    0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

.     7 

143 


Pis. 
Y 

T2" 

± 

8 
i 
h 

1 

7 
4i 


Sol.  inch. 
0.117 
0.469 
0.704 
1.409 
2.818 
5.636 
4.942 
5,33 
10.66 
11.095 


Table  IX.    Jewish  Dry  measures  reduced  to  Eng- 
lish. 
Pecks.  Galls.    Pts.   Sol.  inch. 


A  gacbal      -        - 
A  cab 

0 
-  0 

0 
0 

0.031 
0.073 

A  gomor 

A  seah      - 

An  epha 

A  letteeh 

A  chomer  or  coron 

0 

3 
-  16 

32 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

3 
0 

1 

1.211 

4.036 
12,107 
26.500 
18.969 

APPENDIX.— MEASURES. 


81t 


Table  X.  Jetvishnducedto  English  wine  measure. 
Qalls.  Pts.    Sol.  inch. 


A  caph        -        -        -          0        i 

0.177 

Alog        -        -        -        -    0        1 

0.211 

Acab     ^        -        -        -        0      3* 

0.844 

Ahin          .        -        -        -    1      2 

2.533 

Aseah   ....        2      4 

6.067 

A  bath  or  epha  -        -        -   7      4 

15.2 

A  coron  or  chomer  -        -    75       3 

7.625 

Table  XI.    Roman  square  measure. 

feet  Eng.      roods. 

poles 

.   feet. 

As        -        -           28,800            2 

18 

250 

Deunx          -            26,400            2 

10 

183 

Dextrans         -        24,000            2 

2 

117 

Dodrans         -          21,600            I 

34 

51 

Bes        -        -          19,200            1 

25 

257 

Septunx         -          16,800            1 

17 

191 

Serais        -        -      14,400            1 

9 

125 

Quincunx        -         12,000            1 

1 

58 

Triens        -        -      9,600            0 

32 

264 

Quadrans        -          7,200            0 

24 

19)» 

Sextans        -        -     4,800            0 

16 

132 

Uncia        -        -       2,400            0 

8 

66 

Table  XII.     Roman  dry  measures 

reduced  to 

English. 

peck.  gal.  pints. 

sol.in. 

Aligula        ...        0        0 

i^n 

0.01 

A  cyathus        ...    0        0 

tV 

0.04 

An  acetabulum           -          0        0 

* 

0.06 

Ahemina            -            -     0        0 

i 

0.24 

A  sextarius            -       -        0        0 

1 

0.48 

A  semi  d.        ---01 

0 

3.84 

Amodius           -         -        1        0 

0 

7.68 

Table  XIII.    English  Long  Measure. 

3    barley  corns          -           1  inch 

12    inches         -          -             1  foot 

3    feet        ...         1  yard 

5i  yards        -        -        -      1  pole,  perch, 

or  rod 

40    rods  or  perches        -        1  furlon 

? 

8    furlongs        -        -           1  mile 

6    feet        .        -        -         1  fathom 

Table  XIV.    English  square  measure. 


Inches 
144 

Feel 

1296 

9 

Yards 

39204 

272i 

m 

1210 

Poles 

1568160 

10890 

40    Roods 

6272640 

43560 

4840 

160  1     4     1- 

.^cre 


Table  XV.    English  dry  measure. 
Solid  In. 

3ir\ 

Pint 

272i 

8 

Gallon 

544i 

.« 

2 

Peck 

2178 

64 

8 

4 

Bushel 

256 

32 

16 

4 

Coom 

5120 

640 

320 

80 

20 

Table  XVI.     English  trine  measure. 
Solid  In. 


28.875 


231 


7276.5 


9702 


14553 


19404 


Pint 


252 


336 


504 


672 


Gallon 


3U 


63 


84 


Barrel 


Tierce 


Hhds. 


M   Pun-. 


Table  XVII.    English  ale  and  beer  measuret 


Solid  In. 
35.25 

Pint 

282 

8 

Gallon 

2538 

72 

9 

r  trkin 

10152 

288 

36 

4 

Barrel 

15228 

432 

54 

6 

n  1 

i04^6 

864 

108 

12 

3       1 

Hhds. 


I     2     I  Butt 


Table  XVIII.    French  measures  on  the  old  syskm. 


An  inch  or  pouce  is 

A  foot 

A  sonde 

A  toise  or  fathom 

A  perche 

A  league 

A  square  inch 

An  arpent 


1.06578  English  inches. 
12.78933      do.        do. 
63.9967     or  5  French  feet. 
76.7360    or  6     do.      do. 
230.2080    or  18  do.      do. 
2282    toiseg. 
1.13582  English  sq.  inch. 
100  square     perche?, 
about  i  acre  English. 


Table  XIX.    French  measures  on  the  new  system. 
1.  Measures  of  Length. 
Eng.  inch. 
Millimetre  .03937 

Centimetre  .39371 

Decimetre  3.93710 

Metre        -         39.37100  or  3.281  feet. 
Decametre        393.71000  or  10  yards,  2  feet,  9.7 

inches. 
Hecatometre   3937.10000  or  100  yards,  1  foot,  1  in. 
Chiliometre   39371.00000  or  4  furlongs,  213  yards, 
1  foot,  10.2  inches. 
Myriometre  393710.00000  or  6  miles,  1  furlong, 
136  yards,  6  inchest 
2.  Superficial  or  square  measures. 
Eng.  sq.  yards. 
Are,  a  square  decametre       1 1 9 .6046 
Decare        -        -        -      1196.0460 
Hecatare        -        -  11960.4600  or  2  acres,  1 

rood,  35.4  perches. 
3.  Measures  of  capacity. 

Eng.  cubic  inch. 
MiUilitre        -  -  .06103 

Centilitre  -  -       .61028 

Decilitre        -  -  6.10280 

Litre,  a  cubic  decimetre     6 1.02800  or  2. 113  wine 

pintsv 


lOf^ 


818 


APPENDIX.— WEIGHTS. 


Eng.  cubic  inch. 
Decalitre        -        -         610.28000  or  2.64  wine 

gallons. 
Hecatolitrc        -        -     6102.80000  or  26.4  wine 

gallons. 
The  standard  of  measure,  according  to  the  new 
French  system,  is  a  meridional  circle  of  the  earth, 
which  for  this  purpose  has  been  accurately  ascer- 
tained by  men  of  science.  The  whole  circle  is 
divided  into  40  million  parts,  or  the  quadrant  into 
10  million  parts,  one  of  which  is  the  unity  of 
length  called  a  metre.  In  order  to  express  deci- 
mal proportions  in  this  new  system,  the  following 
terms  have  been  adopted.  The  term  Deca  pre- 
fixed denotes  10  times ;  Heca,  100  times ;  Chilo, 
1,000  times;  and  Myrio,  10,000  times.  On  the 
other  hand,  Deci  expresses  the  10th  part;  Centi, 
the  100th  part ;  and  Milli,  the  1,000th  part :  so 
that  Decametre  signifies  10  metres ;  and  Decime- 
tre, the  10th  part  of  a  metre,  &c.  The  Metre  is 
the  element  of  long  measures ;  ,^re,  that  of  square 
measures  ;  the  Litre  is  the  element  of  all  meas- 
ures of  capacity ;  and  the  Gramme,  which  is  the 
weight  of  a  cubic  centimetre  of  distilled  water, 
is  the  element  for  all  weights.  For  bulky  articles, 
like  wood,  the  stere  is  the  unity  of  measure.  It  is 
equal  to  a  cubic  metre,  containing  35.3171  cubic 
feet  English. 

Table  XX.     Foot  measures  of  various  countries 
reduced  to  English  feet. 

Eng. feet. 

Amsterdam,        -  -  .930 

Antwerp,        -        -  -  .940 

Augsburg,  -  -  .972 

Barcelona,         -  -  .992 

Berlin,  -  -        -  .992 

Bern,        -  -  -  .962 

Bologna,        -  -        -  1.244 

Bremen,  -  -  .955 

Breslau,        -         -  -  1.125 

Brussels,  -  -  .902 

China,  mathematical,        -  1.127 

China,  imperial,  -  1.051 

Constantinople,        -        -  2.195 

Copenhagen,        -         -  1.049 

Dantzic,  -  -  .923 

Dresden,        -  -         -  .929 

Florence,  -  -  .995 

Geneva,  -  -  -  1.919 
Hamburg,  -  -  -  .933 
Leghorn,            -            -  .992 

Leipsic,        -  -        -  1.034 

Lisbon,  -  -        -      -952 

Madrid,        -         -  -        .915 

(Marseilles,         -  -  .-614 

\  Moscow,        -        -         -  .928 

'  Munich,  •  -  .947 

Palermo,        -  -  -        .747 

Paris,        -        -  -  1.066 

Prague,        -        -  -        .987 

Riga,  -  -         -        .933 

Rome,        -         -  -  .966 

Stockholm,         -         -  1.073 

Turin,        -  -  -  1.676 

Venice,         -         -         -  1.137 

Vienna,  -  -  1.036 

Ulm,        -  -  -  .826 

Utrecht,         -  -        -        .741 

Warsaw,  -  -  1.169 

Zurich,        -        -  -         .979 

The  ancient  Roman  foot  was  11.626  English 
Li  inches,  the  Greek  foot  12.090,  the  Arabic  foot 
11         10.544. 


WEIGHTS. 

Table  I.    Jewish  Weights  reduced  to  English 
Troy  weight. 

lb.        oz.     pwt.      gr. 
Shekel        .        -        -       0  0        9  2f 

Maneh  -        -  2         3        6        10^ 

Talent  -         -         113        10        1        lOf 

Table  II.    Grecian  and  Roman  weights  reduced 
to  English  Troy  weight. 

lb.  oz.  pwt.      gr. 

Lentes           -            -        0  0  0  OjW 

Siliquae        -        .        -     0  0  0  SgV 

Obolus            .            -        0  0  0  92^ 

Scriptulum            -           0  0  0  ISyV 

Drachma        -           -        0  0  2  6^** 

Sextula        -           -          0  0  3  Of 

Sicilius           -          -        0  0  4  13f 

Duella        -            -           0  0  6      If 

Uncia           -            -         0  0  18      5t 

Libra        -           -             0  10  18  ISf 

Table  III.     Of  Troy  weight. 

As  used  by  Goldsmiths. 
24  grains,  gr.       -        1  pennyweight,  dwt 
20  dwt.  -  1  ounce,  oz. 

12  oz.        -  -         1  pound,  lb. 

Jls  used  by  Apothecaries. 
20  grains  -  -  1  scrapie,  3 

3  3  -  -  -     1  dram,  3 
8  2        -            -            -  1  ounce,  ^ 

12  ^  -  -  -       1  pound,  ft, 

Table  IV.    Of  Diamond  Weight. 
Diamonds  and  other  precious  stones  are  weigh- 
ed by  carats,  the  carat  weighing  3^  grains  troy. 
Diamond  weight.  Troy  weight. 

16  parts  =    1  grain        =        OjV  grain- 

4  grains  =  1  carat        =        3^    grains. 


Table  V.     Of  Avoirdupois  weight. 
Drachms 

16 

Ou7ice 

256 

16 

Pmnd 

7168 

448 

28 

quar. 

28762 

1792      112 

4     \Hund. 

573440 

35840    2240 

80          20     1' 

144  lb.  avoirdupois 
192  oz.        do. 


175  «>.  troy. 
175  02.  troy. 


Tabl£  VI.    JVew  French  weights  reduced  to  Troy 
iveight. 
The  element  of  all  French  weights  is  the  Gram- 
me, which  is  the  weight  of  a  cubic  centimetre  of 
distilled  water,  and  is  equal  to  15.4441  grains  troy. 
grains,  dec, 
A  milligramme    is        -        -        -        0.0154 
A  centigramjne  .        -        -  0.1544 

A  decigramme        -        -  -•         1.5444 


APPENDIX— GENERAL  TABLE  OF  U.  STATES. 


S19 


A  gramme 
A  decagramme 
A  hectogramme 
A  chilo^ramme 
A  myriagramme 


grains,  dec. 
15.4441 
154.441  &c. 
1544.41  &c. 
15444.1  &c. 
154441.  &c. 


Tabl£  VII.     Containing  a  comparison  of  the 
weights  of  different  places,  shewing  the  number 
of  pounds  of  each  place  that  are  equal  to  100 
pounds  avoirdupois. 
100  pounds  avoirdupois  English  are  equal  to 
91.80  lb.  of  Amsterdam. 


96.73 
112.60 
92.64 
91 

96.80 
86.85 


Antwerp. 

Barcelona. 

Basil. 

Bergen. 

Berlin. 

Bern. 


92.591b.ofBilboa. 


125.31 
91.72 
90.93 

111.90 
90.80 

112 


Bologna. 

Bourdeaux. 

Bremen. 

Breslau. 

Copenhagen 

Cracow. 


103.07  lb. 

97.14 
133.56 

97.02 

93.63 

93.20 
119.27 
133.56 

97.14 

98.80 
100 

93.83 
135.59 
104.10 
143.20 
143.70 
111.63 
141.93 
113.58 


ofDautzic. 
Dresden. 
Florence 
Frankfort. 
Hamburgh. 
Hanover. 
Konigsberg. 
Leghorn. 
Leipsic. 
Lisbon. 
London. 
Lubec. 
Lucca. 
Madeira. 
Malta. 
Mantua. 
Marseilles. 
Modena. 
Montpellier. 


90.79  lb. 
110.86 

80.87 

88.94 
139.33 
139.22 

88.16 
108.46 
133.69 

91.80 

87.40 
110.86 
114.29 

98.40 

98.77 
122.93 

96.77 
112.25 


ofMorea. 
Moscow. 
Munich. 
Nuremberg. 
Parma. 
Pisa. 
Prague. 
Riga. 
Rome. 
Rotterdam. 
Rouen. 
Russia. 
Sardinia. 
Spain. 
Teneriffe. 
Turin. 
Ulm. 
Warsaw; 


TABLES, 


ILLUSTRATING  THE  POPULATION,  COMMERCE,  AND  RESOURCES  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 


General  Table.    Showing  the  extent,  population,  number  of  militia,  manufactureg,  and  value  of 

houses  and  lands 

in  each  of  the  United  States. 

Manufac- 

Value of 

Rouses  and 

lands  in 

1799. 

Value  of  hou 

States. 

Popula- 
tion in 
1820.* 

Militia 
in  1821. 

tures  in 
1810. 

ses  and  landt 
in  1814-15. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1.  Maine          .... 

J  1,750 

297,839 

30,990 

3,741,116 

.      . 

- 

2.  New  Hampshire 

9,491 

244,161 

27,012 

5,225,045 

23,175,046 

38,745,974 

3.  Vermont      .... 

10,212 

235,749 

20,781 

5,407,280 

16,723,873 

32,461,120 

4.  Massachusetts          .        . 

7,250 

521,725 

48,140 

21,895,528 

183,992,468 

tl43,765,560 

5.  Rhode  Island 

1,580 

83,059 

8,665 

4,106,074 

11,066,357 

20,907,766 

6.  Connecticut     .... 

4,764 

275,248 

22,100 

7,771,9281  48,313,424 

88,534,971 

7.  New  York 

46,000 

1,379,989 

121,553 

25,370,2861100,380,706 

269,370,900 

8.  New  Jersey     .... 

8,320 

277,575 

35,240 

7,054,594 

36,473,899 

95,899,-333 

9.  Pennsylvania         ... 

46,000 

1,046,844 

115,231 

•33,691,111 

102,145,900 

346,633,889 

10.  Delaware        -        - 

2,120 

72,749 

7,451 

1,733,744 

6,234,413 

13,449,370 

11.  Maryland 

13,959 

407,300 

32,189 

11,468,794 

32,372,290 

106,496,638 

12.  Virginia           .         .         .         - 

64,000 

. 

88,915 

15,263,473 

71,225,127 

165,608,199 

13.  North  Carolina 

48,000 

640,000 

46,7C2 

6,653,152 

30,842,372 

51,517,031 

14.  South  Carolina 

24,000 

. 

23,729 

3,623,595 

17,465,012 

74,325,262 

15.  Georgia        .... 

60,000 

328,673 

29,661 

3,658,481 

12,061,137 

31,487,658 

16.  Alabama          .... 

44,000 

. 

11,281 

1     419,073 

- 

. 

17.  Mississippi            .        .        . 

45,000 

- 

5,292 

.      . 

- 

18.  Louisiana        -        -        .        - 

48,000 

156,000 

10,257 

1,222,357 

-      - 

- 

19.  Tennessee 

40,000 

422,505 

36,146 

3,611,029 

6,134,108 

24,243,750 

eO.  Kentucky        -        -        -        - 

42,000 

564,371 

51,052 

6,181,024 

21,408,090 

66,878,587 

21.  Ohio             .... 

39,000 

581,434 

83,247 

2,894,290 

. 

61,347,215 

22.  Indiana            -        ... 

36,000 

147,600 

14,990 

300,000 

.      . 

. 

23.  Illinois          .... 

52,000 

50,395 

2,031 

120,000 

-      - 

- 

24.  Missouri          .... 

60,000 

.      . 

12,030 

200,000 

-      - 

- 

Columbia  District 

100 

.     . 

1,100,000 

.      - 

-     "  - 

Michigan  Territory 

40,000 

1,707 

50,000 
172,762,676 

-      - 

- 

Total  United  States 

1 

399,541 

619,977,247 

1,631,657,224 

*  The  census  for  1820  is  not  yet  published,  and  we  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  the  results  for  all 
'he  States. 

+  Including  Mainp. 


820 


APPENDIX— POPULATION  TABLES. 


Table  I.    Containing  the  tolal  population  of  each  of  the  United  States  according  to  the  enumerations 
in  1790,  1800,  and  1810,  with  the  increase  and  rate  of  increase  between  those  periods. 


"S-S 

0-3    . 

"r,  .2-  . 

2^Q 

s><i:S 

ias 

A'as 

State?. 

111 

Ill 

111 

ill 

1^1 

■•   2  CO 
^   11 

■ir..S. 

^^..s 

II 

a  o^ 

a^^ 

5  fe^ 
per  ct. 

per  ct. 

' 

Maine 

96,540 

151,719 

228,705 

55,179 

132,165 

57.2 

50.7 

New-Hampshire   - 

141.885 

183,858 

214,460 

41,973 

72,-575 

29.6 

16.6 

Vermont 

85,539 

1.54,465 

217,895 

68,926 

132,356 

80.5 

41-0 

Massachusetts 

378,787 

422,845 

472,040 

44,058 

93,253 

11.5 

11.6 

Rhode-Island      - 

68,82.5 

69,122 

76,931 

497 

8,106 

0.4 

11.4 

Connecticut 

237,946 

251,002 

261,942 

13,056 

23,996 

5.5 

4.3 

New-York      - 

340,120 

586,050 

959,049 

245,930 

618,929 

72.0 

63.6 

New-Jersey 

184,139 

211,149 

245,562 

27,010 

61,423 

14.3 

16.3 

Pennsylvania 

434,373 

602,548 

810,091 

168,175 

375,718 

38.6 

34.4 

Delaware 

59,094 

64,273 

72,674 

5,179 

13,580 

8.7 

13.0 

Maryland       - 

319,728 

349,692 

380,546 

29,964 

60,818 

6.8 

11.4 

Virginia    -          -            - 

747,610 

886,149 

974,622 

138,539 

227,012 

17.6 

10.7 

North  Carolina 

393,751 

478,103 

555,500 

84,352 

161,749 

21.4 

16.2 

South  Carolina    - 

240,073 

345,591 

415,115 

105,518 

175,042 

38.6 

20.1 

Georgia         -           -           - 

82,548 

162,686 

252,433 

80,138 

169,885 

97.0 

55.1 

Alabama    -         -            -          ) 
Mississippi       -            -                  \ 

-        - 

8,850 

31,502 

-      - 

-      - 

- 

356.0 

Louisiana           -            -      - 

-      - 

- 

76,556 

-      . 

. 

- 

Tennessee     .            -            - 

35,691 

105,602 

261,727 

69,911 

226,036 

196.0 

147.8 

Kentucky 

73,677 

220,959 

406,511 

147,282 

332,834 

200.0 

83.9 

Ohio 

3,000 

45,365 

230,760 

42,365 

227,000 

1400.0 

- 

Indiana             -            -          - 

-      - 

4,875 

24,520 

.      . 

-     - 

- 

408.6 

Illinois        .            .            - 

- 

215 

12,282 

_ 

. 

. 

5609.0 

Missouri            -            '         '      \ 
Arkansaw  Territory          -           \ 

-     - 

-      - 

20,845 

-      - 

-      - 

- 

- 

Michigan  Territory 

.      - 

551 

4,762 

-     - 

- 

- 

764.2 

District  of  Columbia  - 

-      - 

14,093 

24,023 

-      - 

-      - 

- 

70.0 

Total  in  the  U.  States     -      - 

3,929,328 

5,306,035 

7,239,90-3! 

1,376,707 

3,310,575 

3.->.li      .34.6  1 

Table  II.     Containing  the  free  white  •popttlation  of  each  of  the  United  States,  according  to  the  enu- 
merationsin  1790,  1800  and  1810,  with  the  increase  and  rate  of  increase  between  these  periods. 


States. 

Number  of 

free  white 

persons  in 

1790. 

Number  of 

free  white 

persons  in 

1800. 

Number  of 
free  white 
persons  in 
1       1810. 

Increase  in 

10  years, 

from  1790 

to  1800. 

Increase  in 

20  years, 

from  1790 

to  1810. 

-2  *9 

OS  o  — 

in 

per  ct. 

per  ct. 

Maine         .... 

96,002 

150,901 

227,736 

54,899 

131,734 

57.2 

50.9 

New  Hampshire     -        -        - 

141,097 

182,995 

213,490 

41,898 

72,393 

29.6 

16.6 

Vermont             ... 

85,298 

1.53,908 

217,145 

68,610 

131,847 

80.5 

41.1 

Massachusetts         -        -        - 

373,324 

416,393 

465,303 

43,069 

91,979 

11.4 

11.7 

Rhode  Island     .... 

64,470 

65,438 

73,214 

968 

8,744 

1.5 

11.8 

Connecticut           ... 

232,374 

244,751 

2.55,179 

12,377 

22,805 

5.3 

4.3 

New  York         .... 

314,142 

555,063 

918,699 

240,921 

604,557 

76.7 

65.5 

New  Jersey           .         .         - 

169,954 

194,325 

226,868 

24,371 

56,914 

14.4 

16.7 

Pennsylvania            ... 

424,099 

586,278 

786,804 

162,179 

362,705 

38.2 

34.3 

Delaware     .         -         .         - 

46,308 

49,852 

55,361 

3,544 

9,053 

7.6 

11.0 

Maryland          -        .        -        - 

208,649 

221,998 

235,117 

13,349 

26,468 

3.6 

8.0 

Virginia      -         -        .        . 

442,117 

518,674 

551,534 

76,5.57 

109,417 

16.3 

7.2 

North  Carolina         -        -        - 

288,204 

337,864 

376,410 

49,660 

88,206 

17.0 

11.4 

South  Carolina      -        -        - 

131,178 

196,259 

214,196 

65,081 

83,018 

40.0 

9.1 

Georgia             .        .        .        - 

52,886 

101,068 

145,414 

48,182 

92,528 

93.6 

42.2 

Alabama        .        .        .        .     \ 
Mississippi        .        .        .        -  ) 

.     - 

5,179 

23,024 

.    - 

-     . 

- 

344.5 

Louisiana      -         -         .         - 

.    - 

.    - 

34,31 1 

.    - 

-     . 

. 

- 

Tennessee         .        .        -        . 

31,913 

91,709 

215,875 

59,796 

183,962 

187.3 

135.4 

Kentucky      ...        - 

61,133 

179,875 

324,237 

118,742 

263,104 

194.2 

80.2 

Ohio 

3,000 

45,028 

228,861 

42,000 

225,861 

- 

408.2 

Indiana          .... 

.     - 

4,577 

23,890 

.     - 

-    . 

- 

421.9 

Illinois 

-     . 

208 

11,501 

_    , 

.     . 

. 

. 

Missouri        -        -        -        -      > 
Arkansaw  Territory          -           \ 

-     - 

-    - 

17,227 

-     - 

-    - 

- 

- 

Michigan  Territory 

-     - 

534 

4,618 

-     - 

.     . 

. 

764.8 

District  of  Columbia 

-     - 

10,066 
4,304,306 

16,079 
5,862,093 

1,132,186 

2,689,973 

- 

35.0 

Total  in  the  United  States 

3,172,120 

35.6 

APPENDIX— POPULATION  TABLES. 


821 


Table  III.    Containing  the  black  population  of  each  of  the  United  States,  according  to  the  enu- 
merations in  1790,  18W),  and  1810,  with  the  increase  and  rate  of  increase  between  those  periods. 


States. 

is- 

Number 

of  blacks 

1    in  1800. 

Number 
of  blacks 
in  1810. 

Increase  in 

10  years 

from  1790  to 

1800. 

j  Increase  in 
1    20  years 
1  from  1790 
1    to  1810. 

■sji 

per  ct. 

.2  12 
per  ct. 

Maine,          _        -        -        . 

538 

818 

969 

280 

431 

52.0 

18.4 

New  Hampshire,      -        -        - 

788 

860 

970 

72 

182 

9.1 

12.7 

Vermont,      -        -        -        - 

271 

557 

750 

286 

479 

105.5 

34.6 

Massachusetts,           .        .        - 

5,463 

6,452 

6,737 

989 

1,274 

18.0 

4.4 

Rhode  Island, 

4,355 

3,684 

3,717 

—671 

-1638 

—13.0 

0.9 

Connecticut,     -        -        -        - 

5,572 

6,281 

6,763 

709 

1,191 

12.7 

7.6 

New  York, 

25,978 

30,988 

40,350 

5,010 

14,372 

19.2 

30.2 

New  Jersey,     -        -        -        - 

14,185 

16,824 

18,694 

2,639 

4,509 

11.5 

11.1 

Pennsylvania,        -        -        - 

10,274 

16,270 

23,287 

5,996 

13,013 

58.6 

43.1 

Delaware,         .         -        -        - 

12,786 

14,421 

17,313 

1,635 

4,527 

13.5 

20.0 

Maryland, 

111,079 

125,222 

145,429 

14,143 

34,350 

12.8 

16.1 

Virginia,           -        -        -        . 

305,493 

365,920 

423,088 

60,427 

117,595 

19.4 

15.8 

North  Carolina,     - 

105,547 

140,339 

179,090 

34,792 

73,543 

33.0 

27.6 

South  Carolina, 

108,895 

149,336 

200,919 

40,441 

92,024 

37.0 

34.5 

Georgia,        -        -        -        - 

29,662 

60,423 

107,019 

30,761 

77,357 

103.7 

77.1 

Alabama,           ...           ) 
Mississippi,              "         '"         "      > 

-     - 

3,671 

17,328 

-      - 

-      - 

372.0 

Louisiana,        .         -        -         - 

-    - 

- 

42,245 

- 

. 

-   • 

-  - 

Tennessee,             -         -         - 

3,778 

13,893 

45,852 

10,115 

42,074 

267.7 

230.0 

Kentucky,         .         -        -         . 

12,544 

41,084 

82,274 

28,540 

69,730 

227.5 

100.2 

Ohio,             -         -        .         . 

-     - 

337 

1,899 

-    ■  - 

. 

-  . 

463.0 

Indiana,            -        .         ,         . 

-     . 

298 

63C 

- 

. 

.  . 

211.4 

Illinois,          .         -         .         - 

-    - 

7 

781 

- 

-      . 

-   - 

11000.0 

Missouri,          -         -         -           > 
Arkansaw  Territory,      -        -      J 

-     - 

-    - 

3,618 

-      - 

-      - 

Michigan  Territory, 

-    . 

17 

144 

. 

. 

.  . 

747.0 

District  of  Columbia,     - 

-     - 

4,027 

7,944 

-      - 

-      - 

-   - 

97.2 

Total  in  the  United  States, 

757,2081 

1,001,729 

1,377,810'   244,521 

620,602 

32.4 

32.8 

Table  IV.     Containing  the  number 
States,  according 


Free  Blacks,  and  the  number  of  .Stores  in  each  of  the  United 
the  enumerations  in  1790,  1800  and  1810. 


■"z^.  . 

'SiS    .   1  "S  ^ 

t« 

o 

States. 

S  «  a 

S  o  c 

III 

a  «  c 

III 

l|i 

3  S-S 

3  S-S 

3   S- 

^^ 

=  55 

3iS 

ir.^ 

iZ'h 

^^ 

^^ 

None 

^Cfi 

Maine             -             .             - 

538 

818 

969i    None 

None 

New  Hampshire 

630 

852 

970 

158 

8 

None 

Vermont         -           - 

255 

557 

750 

16 

None 

None 

Massachusetts     -              .            - 

6,463 

6,452 

6,737 

None 

None 

None 

Rhode  Island 

3,407 

3,304 

3,609 

948 

380 

108 

Connecticut    -                -              - 

2,808 

5,330 

6,453 

2,764 

951 

310 

New-York 

4,654 

10,374 

25,333 

21,324 

20,614 

15,017 

New-Jersey        ... 

2,762 

4,402 

7,843 

11,423 

12,422 

10,851 

Pennsylvania 

6,537 

14,564 

22,492 

3,737 

1,706 

795 

Delaware          ... 

3,899 

8,268 

13,136 

8,887 

6,153 

4,177 

Maryland                ... 

8,043 

19,587 

33,927 

103,036 

105,635 

111,502 

Virginia          ... 

12,866 

20,124 

30,570 

292,627 

345,796 
133,296 

392,518 

North  Carolina     ... 

4,975 

7,043 

10,266 

100,572 

168,824 

South  Carolina 

1,801 

3,18o 

4,554 

107,094 

146,151 

196,365 

Georgia    ...            - 

398 

1,015 

1,801 

29,264 

59,404 

105,218 

Alabama        -            -            -          ) 
Mississippi             -             -             -  y 

-      - 

182 

240 

-      - 

3,489 

17,088 

Louisiana         .             -             - 

-      - 

-      - 

7,585 

- 

.      - 

34,660 

Tennessee              ... 

361 

309 

1,317 

3,417 
12,430 

13,584 

44,535 

Kentucky 

114 

741 

1,713 

40,343 

80,561 

Ohio 

. 

337 

1,899 

. 

None 

None 

Indiana            ... 

-      - 

163 

393 

-      - 

135 

237 

Illinois      .... 

-      - 

5 

613 

-      - 

2 

168 

Missouri         .             .             .           > 
Arkansaw  Territory        -                ^ 

-      - 

"      - 

607 

-      - 

-      - 

3,011 

Michigan  Territory   - 

- 

14 

120 

3 

24 

District  of  Columbia 

Total  in  the  U.  States 

59,511 

783 

2,549 

" 

3,244 
893,316 

5,395 
1,191,364 

108,413 

186,446 

697,697 

832 


APPENDIX— POPULATION  TABLES. 


Table  V.     Showing  the  proportion  of  the  sexes  in  the  free  white  population  of  each  state,  according 
to  the  enumerations  in  1790,  and  1810. 


States. 

179a 

1810.                         1 

Males. 

Females, 

Excess. 
2,262  males 

Males. 
115,509 

Females. 

Excess. 

Maine        .... 

49,132 

46,870 

112,227 

3,282  males 

New-Hampshire      - 

70,937 

70,160 

777 

do. 

105,982 

107,580 

1,526  females 

Vermont     -        -        .        . 

44,763 

40,505 

4,258 

do. 

109,951 

107,194 

2,757  males 

Massachusetts 

182,742 

190,582 

7,840females 

229,742 

235,561 

6,8J9females 

Rhode-Island      - 

31,818 

32,652 

834 

do. 

35,743 

37,471 

1,728    do. 

Connecticut    -        -        - 

114,926 

117,448 

2,522 

do. 

126,373 

128,806 

2,433    do. 

New-York 

161,822 

152,320 

9,502  males 

474,281 

444,418 

29,863  males 

New-Jersey    -        -        . 

86,667 

83,287 

3,380 

do. 

115,351 

111,511 

3,840    do. 

Pennsylvania      - 

217,736 

206,363 

11,373 

do. 

401,566 

385,238 

16,328    do. 

Delaware 

23,926 

22,384 

1,542 

do. 

28,006 

27,355 

651     do. 

Maryland    -        .        -        - 

107,254 

101,395 

5,859 

do. 

120,210 

114,907 

5,303    do. 

Virginia           -        _        . 

227,071 

215,046 

12,025 

do. 

280,038 

271,496 

8,542    do. 

North  Carolina    - 

147,494 

140,710 

6,784 

do. 

188,632 

187,778 

854    do. 

South  Carolina 

73,298 

66,880 

6,418 

do. 

109,587 

104,609 

4,978    do. 

Georgia      -        -        _        - 

27,147 

25,739 

1,408 

do. 

75,845 

69,569 

6,276    do. 

Alabama         .        -        -     > 
Mississippi   -        -        -          ^ 

-  \ 

-      - 

-      - 

-     - 

12,850 

10,174 

2,676     do. 

Louisiana         ... 

-      - 

.      . 

- 

18,940 

15,371 

3,569    do. 

Tennessee    -        -        -        - 

16,548 

15,365 

1,183 

do. 

111,763 

104,112 

7,651     do. 

Kentucky        .        -        - 

32,211 

28,922 

3,289 

do. 

168,805 

155,432 

13,373     do. 

Ohio 

-     - 

-      - 

- 

- 

119,657 

109,204 

10,453    do. 

Indiana  -        -        -        - 

- 

- 

- 

- 

12,570 

11,320 

1,250    do. 

Illinois        -        -        .        . 

-      - 

-      - 

- 

. 

6,380 

5,120 

1,260    do. 

Missouri          -        -        -      ) 
Arkansa%v  Territory        -      ^ 

-      - 

-      - 

-     - 

■  \ 

9,387 

7,840 

1,547    do. 

Michigan  Territory    - 

-      - 

.      . 

. 

2,837 

1,781 

1,056     do. 

District  of  Columbia 

-      - 

-      - 

-      - 

- 

8,130 

7,949         181     do. 

Total  in  the  U.  States 

1,615,492 

1,556,628.  58,864  males 

2,988,141 

2,873,952.114,189  males 

Table  VI.— Shewing  the  ages  of  the  free  white  population  of  each  state  according  to  the  enumeration 

in  1810. 

States. 

l-'ree 

White  Males. 

Free  White  females,                  | 

■o   1 

Ill 

sixteen 
d  under 
enty-six. 

m 

11 
II 

si 

ill 

sixteen 
d  under 

enty-six. 

ivenfy-six 
d  under 
rty-five. 

0)    <n 

41,273 

18,463 

20,403 

22,079 

SI 

13,291 

t3  s 

39,131 

O    3 

17,827 

O^B   jg^<2 

12,515 

Maine 

21,290 

21,464 

N.  Hampshire 

34,284 

17,840 

18,865 

20,531 

14,462 

32,31S 

17,259 

20,792 

21,940 

15,204 

Vermont 

38,082 

18,347 

19,678 

20,791 

13,053 

36,621 

17,341 

20,983 

20,792 

11,547 

Massachusetts 

68,930 

34,964 

45,018 

45,854 

34,976 

66,88? 

33,091 

46,366 

49,229 

39,894 

Rhode-Island 

10,735 

5.554 

7,250 

6,765 

5,439 

10,555 

5,389 

7,520 

7,635 

6,372 

Connecticut 

37,812 

20,498 

23,880 

23,699 

20,484 

35,913 

18,931 

24,973 

26,293 

22,696 

New-York 

165,9331   73,702 

85,779 

94,882 

53,985 

157,94..- 

68,811 

85,139 

85,805 

46,718 

New- Jersey 

37,814    18,914 

21,231 

21,394 

16,001 

36,06,' 

17,787 

21,194 

21,359 

15,109 

Pennsylvania 

138,464    62,606 

74,203 

74,193 

52,100 

131,769 

60,943 

75,960 

70,826 

45,740i 

Delaware 

9,632      4,480 

5,150:     6,866 

2,878 

9,041 

4,370 

5,541       5,.527 

2,876 

Maryland 

38,613    18,489 

22,688    25,255 

15,165 

36,137 

17,833 

23,8751   22,908 

14,154 

Virginia 
N.  Carolina 

97,777    42,919 

51,473    52,567 

35,302 

90,715 

42,207i   54,8991   51,163 

32,512 

68,036    30,321 

34,630    34,456 

21,189 

65,421 

30,053'   37,9331   33,944 

20,427 

S.  Carolina 

39,669    17,193 

20,933    20,488 

\\,304 

37,497 

16,629    20,583i    18,974 

10,926 

Georgia 

28,002;    11,951 
I    4,272      1,637 

14,085    14,372 

7,-135 

26,28J 

11,237;    13,461     12,350 

6,238 

Mississippi 

2,692      3,160 

1,144 

4,015 

1,544|     2,187|      1,753 

675 

Louisiana 

5,848      2,491 

2,963      5,130 

2,508 

5,384 

2,588      2,874!     3,026 

1,499 

Tennessee 

44,494    17,170 

19,486    19,957 

10,656 

41,810 

16,329:    19,864'    17,624 

8,485 

Kentucky    - 

65,134    26,804 

29,772    29,553 

17,542 

60,776 

25,743'   29,511    25,920 

13,482 

Ohio 

46,623    18,119 

20,189    22,761 

11,965 

44,192 

16,869i    19,990    19,436 

8,717 

Indiana 

4,923,      1,922 

2,284      2,316 

1,125 

4,556 

1,863      2,228      1,880 

794 

Illinois 

2,266 i        945 

1,274 

1,339 

556 

2,019 

791 

1,053         894 

364 

Missouri 
Arkansaw  ter. 

1    3,438      1,345 

1,568 

2,069 

96'' 

3,213 

1,265 

1,431  i     1,369 

562 

Michigan  ter. 

800         351 

583 

763 

340 

640 

332 

368         311 

130 

Total 

1,035,278  468,183 

547,597 

572,347 

364,736 

981,420 

448,3241561,668  544,156 

338,378 

Proportion 

17.6pr.ct.      8.0 

9.3 

9.8     i      6.2     1 

16.75 

7.65    1      9.6          9.1 

5.8 

Note.  Several  of  theStatee  in  the  six  preceding  tables  were  not  admitted  into  the  Union  till  after 
1810.  The  numbers  in  such  cases  have  reference  to  the  territory  at  present  included  within  the  lira- 
its  of  the  State,  except  that  Louisiana  does  not  include  the  portion  of  West  Florida  which  was  annexed 
to  the  State  in  1812. 


APPENDIX.— COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


823 


COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Table  I. 


Showing  the  quantities  of  the  principal  articles  exported  from  the  United  Slates  annually 
during  specified  periods. 


Articles  Exported. 


Ashes,  Pot       _         .         -         -  tons 

Pearl       -        -        -        -  do. 

Beef      -        ...        -  barrels 

Cotton lbs. 

Flour  .        -        -        -  barrels 

Fish,  dried         -         -         -         -  quintals 

pickled        .        .        -  barrels 

Flaxseed  .        -        .        .  bushels 

Indian  corn         .        -        -      -        do. 

Pork      -----  barrels 

Rice  -        -        -        -        -  tierces 

Tobacco        .        -        -        .  hogsheads 

Tar  .        -        -        .        -  barreb 

Pitch  -        .        -        -  do. 

Rosin do. 

Turpentine  -        -        -        -  do. 

Wheat  ...        -  bushels 


^ 

Annually 
from  1790  to 
1799,  both  in- 
clusive. 

Annually 
from  1800  to 
1809,  both  in- 
clusive. 

Annually  for 
the  five  years 
ending  Sept. 
30th,  1815. 

its 

3,0&3 

4,305 

4,537 

2,702 

8,348 

3,197 

2,264 

1,910 

757 

2,191 

62,371 

65,586 

76,319 

39,214 

37,889 

189,316 

5,527,053 

43,127,223 

42,136,686 

85,649,328 

619,681 

701,525 

909,910 

1,039,092 

1,479,198 

383,237 

395,681 

418,978 

115,512 

267,514 

37,424 

57,904 

61,528 

25,247 

44,426 

409,444 

316,413 

257,095 

220,113 

222,594 

1,713,241 

1,316,155 

1,107,964 

1,451,920 

387,454 

26,635 

51,358 

58,996 

18,093 

14,462 

73,329 

108,230 

84,653 

91,622 

79,296 

101,272 

78,815 

71,536 

31,140 

62,365 

51,044 

53,165 

67,107 

58,753 

37,120 

3,818 

9,306 

5,745 

6,228 

8,378 

228 

8,798 

1          5,373 

7,252 

8,038 

58,107 

43,445 

[        59,432 

46,648 

73,484 

1,018,339 

423,755 

!      409,467 

115,365 

96,407 

Table  II. 


Showing  the  average  annual  value  of  the  exports  of  each  of  the  U.  States,  for  the  period 
often  years  from  1802  to  1812. 


Average  annual  value  of  exports  for  the  |  Value  of  exports  for  the  year,  j 

ten  years,  from  1802  to  18 

12. 

ending  Sept.  30th,  1820.        | 

, 

States, 

§5  « 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total. 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total. 

Produce. 

Produce. 

Proporti 
pared 
whole 
States 

Produce, 

Produce 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

per  cent. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars: 

Maine*      - 

- 

- 

- 

1,082,568 

25,463 

1,108,031 

New  Hampshire 

312,225 

139,072 

451,297 

0.66 

223,082 

17,718 

240,800 

Vermont     - 

185,246 

45,110 

230,357 

0.33 

395,869 

- 

395,869 

Massachusetts* 

5,347,764 

8,103,476 

13,451,241 

19.77 

3,861,435 

7,147,487 

11,008,922 

Rhode  Island     - 

756,156 

695,574 

1,451,732 

2.13 

569,902 

502,860 

1,072,762 

Connecticut     - 

1,065,148 

49,948 

1,115,096 

1.63 

415,831 

6,101 

421,931 

New  York 

7,822,745 

7,693,404 

15,516,150 

22.81 

8,250,675 

4,912,569 

13,163,244 

New  Jersey     - 

80,981 

10,842 

91,823 

0.13 

20,531 

. 

20,531 

Pennsylvania 

4,155,151 

6,479,588 

10,634,740 

15.63 

2,948,879 

2,794,670 

5,743,549 

Delaware     - 

97,030 

172,850 

269,880 

0.39 

89,948 

. 

89,498 

Maryland 

3,385,378 

4,867,300 

8,252,678 

12.13 

4,681,598 

1,927,766 

6,609,364 

District  of  Columbia 

- 

- 

- 

-      - 

1,156,468 

48,447 

1,204,915 

Virginia 

4,101,923 

256,135 

4,358,058 

6.40j  4,549,137 

8,820 

4,357,957 

?«'orth  Carolina 

626,488 

6,235 

632,723 

0.93,      807,944 

375 

808,319 

South  Carohna     - 

4,771,258 

1,437,348 

6,208,606 

9.12;  8,690,539 

192,401 

8,882,940 

Georgia 

1,745,889 

19,299 

1,765,189 

2.57 

6,525,013 

69,610 

6,594,623 

Ohio 

11,875 

- 

11,875 

0.01 

2,218 

_ 

2,218 

Louisiana    - 

- 

" 

-  ■    - 

-     - 

7,242,415 

353,742 

7,596,157 

Mississippi 

- 

- 

- 

_ 

96,636 

- 

96,636 

Michigan  Territory 

-       - 

. 

-       - 

_ 
-     - 

73,408 
51,683,640 

18,008,029 

73.408 

69,691,669 

Unit«d  Sta*.^* 

37,454,583'30,563,563 

68,018,147 

For  want  of  data,  LoHisiana  is  omitted  in  the  preceding  statement. 
*  Maine  was  a  part  of  Massachusetts  from  1802  to  1812. 


824 


APPENDIX.— COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Table  III. 


Showing  the  estimated  value  of  the  domestic  and  foreign  produce,  exported  from  the 
United  States  to  foreign  countries  during  each  year  from  1790  to  1820. 


TEARS. 

Domestic 

Foreign 
Produce. 

Total. 

YEARS. 

Domestic 
Produce. 
Dollars. 

Foreign 
^Produce. 

Total. 

For  the  year 
ending  Sept. 

Produce. 

For  the  year 
ending  Sept. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

30th,        1790 

-     - 

-    - 

20,205,165 

30th,        1806 

41,253,727 

60,283,236 

101,536,963 

1791 

-     . 

-     - 

19,012,041 

1807 

48,699,592 

59,643,558 

108,343,150 

1792 

-     - 

-     - 

20,753,098 

1808 

9,433,546 

12,997,414 

22,430,960 

1793 

-     - 

-     - 

26,109,572 

1809 

31,405,702 

20,797,531 

52,203,283 

1794 

-     - 

-     - 

33,026,233 

181042,366,675 

24,391,295 

66,757,970 

1795 

-     - 

-     - 

47,989,472 

1811 

45,294,043 

16,022,790 

61,316,833 

1796 

40,764,097 

26,300,000* 

67,064,097 

1812 

30,032,109 

8,495,127 

38,527,236 

1797 

29,850,206 

27,000,000* 

56,850,206 

1813 

25,008,152 

2,847,845 

27,855,997 

1798 

28,527,097 

33,000,000* 

61,527,097 

1814 

6,782,272 

145,169 

6,9£7,44l 

1799 

33,142,522 

45,523,000 

78,665,522 

1815 

45,974,403 

6,583,350 

52,557,753 

1800 

31,840,903 

39,130,877 

70,971,780 

1816 

64,781,896 

17,138,556 

81,920,452 

1801 

47,473,204 

46,642,721 

94,115,925 

1817 

68,313,500119,358,069 

87,671,569 

1802 

36,708,189 

35,774,971 

72,483,160 

1818 

73,854,437,19,426,696 

93,281,133 

1803 

42,205,961 

13,594,072 

55,800,033 

1819 

50,976,838119,165,683 

70,142,521 

1804 

41,467,477 

36,231,597 

77,699,074 

1820151, 683,640!  18,008,029 

69,691,669 

1805 

42,387,002 

53,179,019 

95,566,021 

1 

*  These  numbers  are  estimates.    There  was  no  discrimination  made  in  the  general 
tween  the  value  of  domestic  and  foreign  articles  until  the  y^ar  1802. 


accounts  be- 


Table  IV.  Destination  of  the  Exports.  Showing  the  annual  value  of  the  produce  exported  to  each 
foreign  country,  calculated  on  the  average  often  years,  ending  September  30th,  1812 ;  also,  the  val- 
ue of  the  produce  exported  to  each  country  in  the  year  ending  September  30th,  1820. 


Average 

Average 

1    Average 

Value  of       =    i 

annual  va- 

i 

annual  va- 

o     annual  va- 

§ 

the  whole 
Produce 
exported 
in  1820. 

.5 

Foreign  countries. 

lue  of  Do- 
mestic pro- 
duce    ex- 
ported. 

pL, 

lue  of  For- 
eign   pro- 
duce    ex- 
ported 

't.  lue  of  the 
o.  whole  pro- 
2      duce     ex- 

'^      ;  ported 

V3 

I 

Dollars. 

per  ct. 

Dollars. 

per  ct.!   Dollars. 

per  ct. 

Dollars. 

pr.ct. 

Russia 

307,717 

0.82 

1,919,303 

3.33   1,327,020 

1.95 

1,382,321 

2.0 

Prussia 

96,030 

0.25 

178,948 

0.58;      274,979 

0.44 

4,839 

0.01 

Sweden  and    Swedish  W. 

Indies    -            -          - 

1,400,868 

3.74 

1,015,741 

a32 

2,416,605 

3.55 

646,866 

0.97 

Danish  dominions,  including 

Norway 

1,832,827 

4.89 

1,961,150 

6.42 

3,793,977 

5.56 

2,469,638 

3.55 

Holland  and  Dutch  colonies 

1,790,967 

4.78 

6,803,503 

2.22 

8,594,471 

12.63 

7,688,336 

11.03 

British  dominions 

16,853,102 

44.99 

1,812,674 

5.92,18,665,777 

27.44 

28,891,915 

41.47 

Germany 

736,552 

1.96 

1,695,506 

5.54 

2,432,059 

3.57 

2,591,275 

3.7 

French  dominions 

3,118,217 

8.32 

5,874,694 

19.18 

8,992,912 

13.19 

9,111,215 

13.7 

Spanish  dominions     - 

5,692,220 

15.19 

5,598,596 

18.28 

11,190,817 

16.45 

6,840,024 

9.8 

Portuguese  dominions    - 

4,154,999 

11.09 

696,284 

2.97 

4,851,283 

7.13 

1,325,751 

1.9 

Italy 

152,968 

0.40 

1,881,681 

6.15 

2,034,649 

2.99 

1,211,190* 

1.8 

Trieste  and  Austrian  ports 

on  the  Adriatic 

14,380 

0.03 

216,504 

0.70 

230,885 

0.33 

587,582 

.84 

Turkey,  Levant,  and  Egypt 

15,431 

0.04 

260,701 

0.84 

276,132 

0.40 

693,186t 

1.0 

Cape  of  Good  Hope      - 

50,198 

0.13 

70,286 

0.22 

120,484 

0.17 

-     - 

China 

193,430 

0.51 

139,634 

0.45 

333,065 

0.48 

1,479,701 

2.1 

Asia  generally 
East  Indies  do. 

6,976 

0.01 

14,991 

0.04 

11,968 

0.02 

63,427 

0.1 

128,135 

0.34 

351,189 

1.14 

479,324 

0.70 

-     - 

West  Indies  do. 

1,123,275 

2.99 

390,057 

1.27 

1,513,332 

2.22 

2,508,956 

3.6 

Europe         do. 

158,293 

0.42 

458,268 

1.49 

616,661 

0.90 

965,024 

1.4 

Africa           do. 

213,819 

0.57 

227,395 

0.14 

441,214 

0.62 

76,909 

.11 

South  Seas 

4,366 

0.01 

20,162 

0.06 

24,529 

0.03 

26,961 

.04 

North-Wcst  coast 

19,011 

0.05 

147,771 

0.4B 

166,782 

0.24 

234,431 

.34 

Hayti 

- 

-    . 

- 

-    . 

- 

-    - 

644,358 

.92 

South  America    - 

- 

.    . 

. 

-    - 

. 

.    - 

241,193 

.35 

Barbary  States 

93,287 

0.24 

179,743 

0.5? 

273,031 

0.40 
100  ~~ 

4,571 
(69,691,669 

.00 
100 

Total 

37,454,583 

100 

30,563,563 

100 

68,018,147 

Includii^  Malta 


t  Including  Mocha  and  Aden. 


APPENDIX— COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


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828  APPENDIX— COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Table  VIII.  Showing  the  annual  value  of  the  several  species  of  merchandize  imported  into  the  U. 
States,  the  amount  re-exported  with  allowance  of  drawback,  and  the  balance,  or  amount  consumed 
within  the  U.  States,  also,  the  annual  amount  of  duties  levied,  drawbacks  allowed,  and  net  duties 
collected  on  said  merchandize,  calculated  on  the  average  of  the  three  years  ending  Sept.  30tb  1804. 

{From  Seyberfs  Statistical  .Annals.) 


Articles  imported. 


Value  im' 
ported. 


Merchandize  paying  ad  valorem 

duties, 
Nails  and  spikes, 
Lead  and  manufactures  of  lead. 

Steel, 

Beer,  ale,  and  porter,    - 
Cheese,    -        -        -        -        - 
Boots  and  shoes,    -        -        - 

Coal, 

Salt,  ...        - 

Rum, 

Geneva,        .        -        -        - 
Brandy,  _         _        -        . 

Wines,  .         .        .        - 

Teas,         -        -        .        - 
Coffee, 

Sugar,        -        -        -        -      - 
Molasses,        -        -        .        - 
Cotton,        ...        - 
Pepper,  ,        .        .        - 

Indigo,  -        -        .        - 

Cocoa,  -  .         _        . 

Pimento,        .        .        -        - 
Hemp,     -        -        -        -        - 
All  other  articles, 


Total, 


Dollars. 


39,489,590 

479,041 

227,002 

147,957 

76,020 

77,150 

101,300 

36,407 

771,996 

3,881,r 

675,430 

2,077,601 

2,962,039 

2,360,507' 

8,372,712 

7,794,254 

1,930,592 

804,125 

633,041 

436,941 

310,773 

71,927 

919,443 

680,000 


Exported 
with  al- 
lowance of 
drawback. 


Dollars. 


75,316,93' 


4,411,332 

34,982 

12,750 

4,145 

2,118 

40,767 

11,331 

185 

6,283 

125,568 

91,083 

313,918 

810,348 

963,028 

6,837,690 

3,821,965 

8,112 

748,831 

512,383 

279,271 

132,289 

35,227 

166,493 


On  which 

duties 
were  actu- 
ally col- 
lected. 


Dollars. 
35,078,258 

444,059 

214,252 

143,812 

73,902 

36,383 

89,969 

36,222 

765,713 

3,755,521 

584,347 

1,763,683 

2,15I,r 

1,397,479 

1,53.5,022 

3,972,289 

1,922,480 

55,294 

120,658 

157,670 

178,484 

36,700 

919,443 

513,507 


19,370,099  55,846,838 


Gross  a- 
mount  of 

Draw- 
back. 

Net  duty. 

duty. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

5,177,824 

560,282 

4,617,542 

75,776 

5,375 

70,401 

25,209 

1,367 

23,842 

9,862 

267 

9,595 

13,822 

374 

13,448 

21,601 

11,015 

10,586 

15,278 

1,668 

13,610 

20,226 

99 

20,127 

727,152 

165,199 

561,953 

1,858,561 

58,347 

1,800,214 

320,918 

41,218 

279,700 

635,495 

87,520 

547,975 

986,730 

260,662 

726,068 

785,026 

307,777 

475,249 

1,854,990 

1,461,758 

393,232 

2,560,712 

1,223,107 

1,337,605 

321,765 

1,305 

320,460 

96,495 

86,715 

9,780 

345,295 

269,700 

75,595 

72,824 

44,916 

27,908 

41,187 

17,021 

24,166 

23,829 

11,331 

12,498 

102,160 

-     - 

102,160 

102,360 

24,974 
4,643,997 

77,386 
11,551,100 

16,195,097 

Table  IX.     Showing  the  average  annual  amount  of  several  articles  of  foreign  merchandize  con- 
sumed in  the  United  States  at  different  periods. 


Periods. 

Foreign 
Spirits. 

Gallons. 

Molasses. 
Gallons. 

Wines. 
Gallons. 

Teas. 
Pounds. 

Coffee,   j    Sugar. 

Pounds,  i  Pounds. 
i;836;39lj^97;37b 
16,158,703154,396,470 

Average  annual  amount 
from  1790  to  1792, 
from  1803  to  1812, 

4,108,802 
6,833,193 

5,423,122 
7,354,964 

1,091,478  2,215,749 
1,737,0023,445,932 

APPENDIX— COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


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APPENDIX— POST-OFFICE  ESTABLISHMENT. 


Table  XI.- 

-Showing  the  tonnage  of  the  U.  States  each  year, 

from  1789  to  1820,  distinffuishin?  the 

amount 

emyloyed  in 

he  foreign  trade,  coasting  trade,  and  fisheries. 

Years. 

Foreigntrade 

Coasting  trade. 

Fisheries. 

Total  tonnage 
of  every  de- 
scription. 

Registered 
tonnage. 

Enrolled 
tonnage. 

Licensed 
vessels  un- 
der 20  tons. 

Enrolled 
tonnage  em- 
ployed in 
the  Whale 

Enrolled 
tonnage  em- 
ployed in 
the  Cod 

Licensed 
vessels  un- 
der 20  tons 
in  the  Cod 

fishery. 

fishery. 

fishery. 

1789 

123,893 

68,607 

.      . 

,     . 

9,062* 

201,562 

1790 

346,254 

103,775 

-      . 

.     . 

28,348* 

478,377 

1791 

363,110 

106,494 

. 

.     . 

32,542* 

602,146 

1792 

411,438 

120,957 

.      . 

. 

32,062* 

564,437 

1793 

367,734 

114,853 

7,217 

.     - 

38,177 

1,985 

491,780 

1794 

438,862 

167,227 

16,977 

4,139 

23,121 

5,549 

628,816 

1795 

529,470 

164,795 

19,601 

3,162 

24,887 

6,046 

747,963 

1796 

576,733 

195,423 

22,416 

2,363 

28,509 

6,453 

831,900 

1797 

597,777 

214,077 

23,325 

1,103 

33,406 

7,222 

876,912 

1798 

603,376 

227,343 

24,099 

763 

35,476 

7,269 

898,328 

1799 

669,197 

220,904 

25,736 

592 

23,932 

6,046 

946,408 

1800 

669,921 

245,295 

27,196 

651 

22,306 

7,120 

972,492 

1801 

718,549 

246,255 

28,296 

736 

31,279 

8,101 

1,033,218 

1802 

560,380 

260,543 

29,079 

580 

32,987 

8,533 

892,101 

1803 

597,157 

268,676 

30,384 

1,142 

43,416 

8,396 

949,147 

1804 

672,530 

286,840 

30,696 

323 

43,0S8 

8,925 

1,042,403 

1805 

749,341 

301,366 

31,296 

898 

48,479 

8,986 

1,140,368 

1806 

808,284 

309.977 

30,562 

728 

50,353 

8,829 

1,208,735 

1807 

848,306 

313,189 

30,838 

907   . 

60,689 

8,616 

1,268,548 

1808 

76C,053 

387,684 

33,1.35 

724 

43,597 

8,400 

1,242,595 

1809 

910,059 

371,500 

33,661 

573 

26,109 

8,376 

1,350,281 

1810 

984,269 

371,114 

34,232 

339 

26,250 

8,577 

1,424,783 

1811 

768,852 

386,258 

34,103 

54 

34,360 

8,872 

1,232,502 

1812 

760,624 

443,180 

34,790 

941 

21,822 

8,636 

1,269,997 

1813 

674,853 

433,404 

37,703 

788 

12,255 

8,622 

1,166,628 

1814 

674,632 

425,713 

40,443 

561 

8,863 

8,992 

1,159,208 

1815 

854,294 

435,066 

40,598 

1,229 

26,510 

10,427 

1,368,127 

1816 

800,759 

479,979 

42,185 

1,168 

37,879 

10,246 

1,372,218 

1817 

809,724 

525,029t 

_     . 

-      . 

65,157:: 

-      - 

1,395,911 

1818 

606,088 

549,374t 

-      - 

-      - 

69,722 : 

-      - 

1,165,134 

1819 

612,930 

57l,058t 

-      - 

-      - 

76,762 : 

-     - 

1,260,751 

*  These  numbers  include  tlie  enrolled  tonnage  employed  in  the  Whale  fishery. 

t  These  numbers  include  the  licensed  vessels  under  20  tons,  employed  in  the  coasting  trade. 

■^  These  numbers  include  all  the  enrolled  and  licensed  tonnage  employed  in  the  fisheries. 


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APPENDIX.— REVENUE  AND  EXPENDITURE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.     831 


REVENUE  AND  EXPENDITURE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Table  I.     Showing  the  expenditure  of  the  U.  States  for  each  year,  from  the  commencement  of  the 
present  government  to  1815,  on  account  of  the  military,  naval,  and  Indian  departments,  public  debt,  &c. 


i 

Military 
establish- 
ment. 

Indian 
depart- 
ment. 

Naval  de- 
partment. 

♦Foreign 
inter- 
course. 

tCivil  list 

Total. 

Expendi- 
ture on  ac- 
count of 
publicdebt 
Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1791 

632,804 

27,000 

570 

14,733 

1,043,021 

3,797,436 

5,287,949 

1792 

1,100,702 

13,648 

53 

78,766 

572,905 

8,962,920 

7,263,665 

1793 

1,130,249 

27,282 

-     - 

89,500 

460,316 

6,479,977 

5,819,505 

1794 

2,639,097 

13,042 

61,408 

146,403 

640,395 

9,041,593 

5,778,602 

1795 

2,480,910 

23,475 

410,562 

912,685 

522,963 

10,151,240 

6,084,411 

1796 

1,260,263 

113,563 

274,784 

184,859 

698,458 

8,367,776 

5,824,282 

1797 

1,039,402 

62,396 

382,631 

669,788 

679,370 

8,625,877 

5,792,421 

1798 

2,009,522 

16,470 

1,381,347 

457,428 

758,454 

8,583,618 

3,990,294 

1799 

2,466,946 

28,302 

2,858,081 

271,374 

863,460 

11,002,396 

4,596,876 

1800 

2,560,878 

31 

3,448,716 

395,287 

1,006,455 

11,952,534 

4,578,369 

1801 

1,672,944 

9,000 

2,111,424 

195,676 

891,624 

12,273,376 

7,279,792 

1802 

1,221,148 

52,000 

915,561 

550,925 

997,443 

13,270,487 

9,539,004 

1803 

882,055 

-  - 

1,215,230 

1,110,834 

794,692 

11,258,983 

7,203,444 

1804 

938,923 

63,000 

1,189,832 

1,186,652 

1,084,446 

12,615,113 

8,171,787 

1805 

768,281 

141,000 

1,597,500 

2,798,126 

1,052,423 

13,598,309 

7,369,889 

1806 

1,383,555 

75,000 

1,649,641 

1,760,421 

1,211,590 

15,021,196 

8,989,884 

1807 

1,388,285 

104,825 

1,722,064 

577,825 

1,190,560 

11,292,292 

6,307,720 

1808 

3,041,434 

72,975 

1,884,067 

304,982 

1,200,868 

16,762,702 

10,260,245 

1809 

3,470,772 

212,503 

2,427,758 

166,305 

1,148,331 

13,867,226 

6,452,554 

1810 

2,389,923 

82,025 

1,654,244 

81,366 

1,103,521 

13,309,994 

8,008,904 

1811 

2,122,828 

61,875 

1,965,566 

264,904 

1,177,430 

13,592,604 

8,009,204 

1812 

12,022,798 

72,845 

3,959,365 

347,702 

1,426,786 

22,279,121 

4,449,622 

1813 

19,747,013 

72,358 

6,446,600 

209,961 

1,606,484 

39,190,520 

11,108,123 

1814 

20,507,906 

10,294 

7,311,290 

177,179 

2,120,960 

38,547,915 

7,900,543 

1815 

,  15,208,794 

111,750 

8,660,000 

290,891 

1,210,645 

25,522,089 

12,628,922 

1816 

1          ■     - 

-  - 

-     - 

-     - 

-     - 

-     - 

24,871,062 

1817 

-     - 

-     - 

-     - 

-     - 

27,358,671 

*  Including  Barbary  Powers. 


t  Including  miscellaneous  civil. 


Table 


Showing  the  receipts  at  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  for  each  year  from  the  com- 
mencement ot  the  present  government,  to  1815. 


>* 

Imposts  & 
tonnage. 

Internal 
revenue. 

Loans  and 

Treasury 

notes. 

Miscella- 
neous 
receipts. 

Aggregate 
amount  of 

receipts. 

Excess  of 
receipts  o- 
ver  expen- 
ditures. 
Dollars. 

Excess  of 
expendi- 
tures over 
receipts. 
Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1791 

4,399,472 

311 

361,391 

10,167 

4,771,342 

973,905 

_ 

1792 

3,433,070 

209,060 

5,102,498 

17,828 

8,772,458 

.     - 

190,461 

1793 

4,255,306 

349,386 

1,797,272 

48,230 

6,450,195 

.     . 

29,782 

1794 

4,801,065 

304,133 

4,007,950 

326,701 

9,439,855 

398,262 

1795 

5,588,461 

360,755 

3,396,424 

170,117 

9,515,758 

-     - 

635,481 

1796 

6,567,787 

554,415 

320,000 

1,297,926 

8,740,329 

372,552 

-     . 

1797 

7,549,649 

725,348 

70,000 

413,783 

8,753,780 

132,903 

-     - 

1793 

7,106,061 

696,843 

200,000 

176,265 

8,179,170 

-     - 

404,447 

1799 

6,610,449 

837,848 

5,000,000 

98,515 

12,546,813 

1,544,416 

.     . 

1800 

9,080,932 

1,637,314 

1,565,229 

130,502 

12,413,978 

461,444 

.     . 

1801 

10,750,778 

1,833,553 

-     - 

361,123 

12,945,455 

672,079 

-     - 

1802 

12,438,235 

1,056,306 

-     - 

1,501,251 

14,995,793 

1,725,306 

-     - 

1803 

10,479,417 

473,401 

-     - 

111,278 

11,064,097 

-     - 

194,886 

1804 

11,098,565 

620,647 

-     - 

107,094 

11,826,307 

-     - 

788,806 

1805 

12,936,487 

608,245 

-     - 

15,960 

13,560,693 

-     - 

37,616 

1806 

14,667,698 

884,628 

-     - 

7,604 

15,559,931 

538,734 

1807 

15,845,521 

523,205 

-     - 

84,112 

16,398,019 

5,105,726 

-     . 

1808 

16,363,550 

680,169 

-     - 

11,970 

17,060,661 

297,959 

-     . 

1809 

7,296,020 

460,690 

-     - 

117,160 

7,773,473 

-     - 

6,093,753 

1810 

8,583,309 

696,888 

2,750,000 

179,602 

12,134,214 

-     - 

1,175,780 

1811 

13,313,222 

1,068,173 

-     - 

208,052 

14,422,634 

830,029 

.     - 

1     1812 

8,958,777 

809,128 

12,837,900 

97,737 

22,639,032 

359,911 

-     . 

1     1813 

13,224,623 

887,351 

26,184,135 

253,006 

40,524,844 

1,334,324 

-     - 

1     1814 

5,998,772 

5,072,079 

23,327,826 

429,668 

34,878,432 

-     - 

3,669,483 

i     1815 

7,282,942 

8,269,541 

35,264,3-20 

6,673 

51,283,946 

25,761,866 

-     - 

APPENDIX— PUBLIC  DEBT. 


Table  III.— Showing  tlie  aggregate 

receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  Treasury  from  the  4lh  of 
1789,  to  the  31st  of  March,  1815. 

Receipts. 

Expenditures.                                | 

From  imposts  and  tonnage 
"     internal  revenue 
"    direct  taxes      - 
"    postage  of  letters 
"    sales  of  public  lands 
"    miscellaneous       -        -        - 

From  loans        -        .        -        - 
Total  receipts       ...        - 

Dollars. 
222,530,374 
9,016,342 
4,476,826 
747,388 
8,658,369 
1,590,001 

Pay  and  subsistence  of  the  army 
Fortifications  of  pof^ts  and  harbors 
Other  military  expenses 
Indian  department     -        -        - 
Naval  department         -        -        - 
Foreign  intercourse*           -         - 
Barbary  powers    -        -        -        - 

Civil  list 

Miscellaneous  civil        .        -        - 
Public  debt       .         -         -         - 
On  account  of  revolutionary  gov-  ) 
ernment        .        -        .        .      ^ 

Total  expenditure         -        -        . 
Balance  in  the  Treasury    - 

Dollars. 

88,270,562 
4,374,805 
4,983,611 
1,338,040 

47,818,303 

10,678,015 
2,405,322 

14,940,695 

9,909,978 

167,324,588 

316,268 

247,019,302 
107,138,184 

354,157,487 

352,560,193 

1,597,294 

354,157,487 

*  Exclusive  of  Barbary  powers. 

Table  IV. — Showing  the  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  Treasury  during  three  years  of  war : 

viz.  1812,  1813,  1814. 


Receipts. 


From  revenue 

loans 
"  treasury  notes 
Total 


1812 


9,801,132 


22,639,03240,524,844 


1813 


14,340,709 


10,002,40020,089,635 
2,835,500 "' 


6,094,500 


1814 


11,500,606 
15,080,546 
8,297,280 


34,878,432 


i  Total  receipts  for  3  years,  $98,042,309. 


Expenditures. 


1812 


Civil  and  miscel-  j 

laneous  1,791,360    1,833,308 

Military  estab- 
lishment 12,078,773  19,802, 
Naval  do.  3,959,365   6,446,600 
Public  debt            4,449,622  11,108,123 
Total     -        -      22,279,12139,190,520  38,547,915 
Expenditure  for  3  years,  $100,017,557 


1813 


1814 


2,337,897 

20,510,238 
7,312,899 


Table  I. 


PUBLIC  DEBT. 

-Showing  the  amount  of  public  debt  on  the  1st  of  January  i 


eaeh  year,  from  1791  to  1817. 


Years. 

Amount. 

Years. 

Amount. 

Years. 

Amount. 

Years. 

Amount, 

Dollars. 

i      Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1791 

75,169,974 

1798 

78,494,165 

1805 

80,534,058 

1812 

45,035,123 

1792 

76,373,767 

1799 

77,399,909 

1806 

74,542,957 

1813 

55,907,452 

1793 

77,587,997 

1800 

1     81,633,325 

1807 

67,731,645 

1814 

80,986,291 

1794 

75,996,170 

1801 

82,000,167 

1808 

64,742,326 

1815 

99,824,410 

1795 

78,149,937 

1802 

78,754,568 

1809 

56,732,379 

1816 

123,016,375 

1796 

81,642,272 

1803 

1     74,731,922 

1810 

53,156,532 

1817 

118,822,865 

1797 

80,934,02r} 

1804 

1     85,353,643 

1811 

47,855,070 

Table  IL— Showing  the  amount  of  the  Evidences  of  the  Public  debt  of  the  U.  States,  possessed  by 

Creditors  within  the  U.  States  and  in  Foreign  countries,  on  the  1st  of  January  1818. 
^ {From  Seybert''s  Statistical  Annah^ 


Stocks. 


Old  six  per  cent. 

Deferred  six  per  cent. 

Three  per  cent. 

Exchanged  six  per  cent, 

Louisiana        ... 

Six  per  cent,  of  1812 
Do.    1813 
Do,    1814  - 
Do.    1815 

Six  per  cent.  Treasury  note 

Seven  per  cent.     do. 

Five  per  cent. 

Six  per  cent.  1796 


Within  the 
U.  States. 


By  the 
British. 


343,335 

1,874,809 

6,056,208 

2,408,909 

2,548,200 

5,684,318 

19,505,253 

10,633,865 

8,076,897 

1,118,712 

8,247,813 

7,000,000 

80,000 


!=73,578,322  12,305,79' 


29,957 

376,127 

2,601,208 

242,922 

2,386,900 

465,321 

2,384,276 

1,992,563 

1,327,788 

138,313 

360,416 


By  the 
Dutch. 


310,918 

1,464,663 

3,765,721 

13,000 

5,013,400 

12,600 

373,300 

72,715 

45,249 

6,000 


By  all  oth-i  ^^^^  ^^ 
er  foreign-ij.^^.  -^ 
ers.  1        ° 


38,305 

184,267 

1,025,012 

1,712 

339,700 

43,862 

305,212 

72,321 

43,812 

4,676 

1,800 


379,181 
2,025,058 
7,391,942 

257,634 
7,740,000 

521,783 
3,062,789 
2,137,600 
1,416,851 

148,990 

362,216 


11,077,569    2,060,683125,444,049 


Total. 


*  Of  this  sum,  2,341,662  dollars  were  owned  by  the  btates,  24,374,544  by  iiiiorjorated 
46,862,116  by  individuals. 


722,517 

3,899,1 

13,448,150 

2,666,544 

10,288,200 

6,206,102 

22,568,042 

12,77  l,46q 

9,493,748^ 

1,267,702 

8,610,030 

7,000,000 

80,000 

99,^,372 

bodies,  and 


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